Reference Type Author Year Title Secondary Author Secondary Title Place Published Publisher Volume Number Pages Keywords Abstract Author Address Journal Article Abbott, Ian 1983 The meaning of z in species/area regressions and the study of species turnover in island biogeograpgy Oikos 41 3 385-390 Journal Article Abe, Augusto S.;Mendes, Erasmo G. 1980 Effect of body size and temperature on oxygen uptake in the water snakes Helicops modestus and Liophis miliaris (Colubridae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65A 367-370 Journal Article Abe, A. S. 1983 Observations on dormancy in tegu lizards - Tupinambis teguixin (Reptilia, Teiidae) Naturalia, São Paulo 8 235-239 110, Tupinambis teguixin , Reptilia, Teiidae, dormancy, South America Journal Article Abercrombie, C.L. III;Davidson, D.;Hope, C.A.;Scott, D.E. 1980 Status of Morelet's crocodile Crocodylus moreleti in Belize Biol. Cons. 17 103-113 CM, conservation, distribution, utilization, South America Book Section Abercrombie, C.L.;Hope, C.A.;Holmes, J.M.;Scott, D.;Lane, J.E. 1982 Investigations into the status of Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) in Belize, 1980 Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 11-30 CM, conservation, distribution, utilization, morphology, role, South America Journal Article Accordi, Fiorenza;Cianfoni, Patrizia 1981 Histology and ultrastructure of the adrenal gland of Rhacophorus leucomystax (Amphibia, Anura) Bollettino di Zoologia 48 277-284 Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophorus leucomystax, histology, morphology, phylogenetics, systematics, TEM Journal Article Accordi, F.;Cianfoni., P. 1981 Histology and ultrastructure of the adrenal gland of Rhacophorus leucomystax (Amphibia, Anura) Bollettino di Zoologia 48 277-284 Conference Proceedings Achaval, F.;Meneghel, M. 1980 Ecology of Caiman latirostris (Abstract only) Journal Article Achaval, F. 1980 El Yacare Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 2 29 5-6 CCR, distribution, reproduction, olfactory, South America Journal Article Achaval, F.;Gudynas, E. 1983 Hallazgo de Tarentola mauritanica (L., 1758) (Lacertilia, Gekkonidae), en el Uruguay Boletin de la Sociedad Zoologica del Uruguay 1 7-11 Reptiles, lizards, population, Uruguay Journal Article Achaval, F.;San Martin, H. 1983 Presencia del "Yacare de Hocico Ancho" Caiman latirostris (Daudin,1801) (Crocodylia, Alligatoridae), en el Departamento de Rocha, Uruguay Bol. Soc. Zool. del Uruguay 1 11-15 CCR, distribution, South America Journal Article Achaval, F.;Gonzalez, J.C. 1983 Sobre un nido con huevosde Caiman latirostris (Daudin 1801) (Crocodylia,Alligatoridae) de la Isla Zapallo, Deptode Artigas, Uruguay Bol. Soc. Zool. del Uruguay 1 36-43 CL, nest, reproduction, South America Journal Article Ackerman, R.A. 1980 Physiological and ecological aspects of gas exchange by sea turtle eggs Amer. Zool. 20 575-583 Journal Article Ackerman, R.A. 1981 Oxygen consumption by sea turtle (Chelonia, caretta) eggs during development Physiol. Zool 54 316-324 Reptilia, testudinae, Chelonia, physiology, egg, embryo, oxygen consumption, Reprint Vet Path. 82/61 Journal Article Ackerman, R.A. 1981 Growth and gas exchange of embryonic sea turtles (Chelonia, Caretta) Copeia 1981 4 757-765 hypoxia/green; loggerhead Journal Article Adam, L. 1983 Education.: how to take care of tortoises? Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. 1983 56-60 Reptilia, Chelodina oblonga longicollis, Emydura sp., Pseudemydura sp. Journal Article Adams, S.E.;Smith, M.H.;Baccus, R. 1980 Biochemical variation in the American alligator Herpetologica 36 4 289-296 AM, biochemistry, genetics, FL, LA, SC Journal Article Adams, John A.;Endo, Albert S.;Stolzy, Lewis H.;Rowlands, Peter G.;Johnson, Hyrum B. 1981 Controlled experiments on soil sompaction produced by off-road vehicles in the Mojave Desert, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 200-210 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Adams, Caroline S.;Cooper, William E., Jr.;Dobie, James L. 1983 Female color change in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua: relationship to the reproductive cycle Southwestern Naturalist 28 3 175-280 Journal Article Adamson, M. L. 1981 Seasonal changes in populations of Gyrinicola batrachiensis (Walton, 1929) in wild tadpoles Canadian Journal of Zoology 59 1377-1386 Journal Article Adamson, M. L. 1981 Gyrinicola batrachiensis (Walton, 1929) n. comb. (Oxyuroidea; Nematoda) from tadpoles in eastern and central Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59 1344-1350 Journal Article Adamson, M.L.;Petter, A.J. 1982 Evidence of haplo-diploidy in phrayngodonid Nematoda oxyuroidea parasites of Testudo graeca Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 57 2 197 Journal Article Adamson, M.L.;Petter, A.J. 1983 Haplo-diploidy in phrayngodonid oxyuroidea Nematoda parasites of Testudo graeca Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp. 58 3 267-274 Journal Article Adest, Gary A. 1981 Thermal ecology of the Bolson tortoise revisited Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 103 Gopherus flavomarginatus Thesis Adeyeye, O.A. 1982 Field studies on Ornithodoros turicata duges in the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus Daudin) habitat in north central Florida 109 pp. Journal Article Adler, K.;Taylor., D. H. 1980 Melatonin and thyroxine: influence on compass orientation in salamanders Journal of Comparative Physiology 136 235-241 Journal Article Adler, Kraig;Pough, F. Harvey 1984 Amphibian and reptile biology at Cornell University Herpetological Review 15 2 40-42 Journal Article Adolph, Stephen C.;Roughgarden, Jonathan 1983 Foraging by passerine birds and Anolis lizards on St. Eustatius (Neth. Antilles): Implications for interclass competition, and predation Oecologia 56 313-317 Journal Article Adolph, Stephen C.;Roughgarden, Jonathon 1983 Foraging by passerine birds and Anolis lizards on St. Eustatius (Neth. Antilles): implications for interclass competition, and predation Oecologia 56 313-317 birds, predators, competition Journal Article Affa'a, F. M. 1983 Neonyctotherus (Ciliophora, Heterotrichida), a new genus commensal in amphibian tadpoles (Anura) from Cameroons Protistologica 19 141-147 Journal Article Agarwal, S. K.;Niazi., I. A. 1980 Development of the mouth-parts in the tadpoles of Rana tigrina (Daud) Proceedings of The Indiana Academy of Science 89 127-131 Journal Article Akinboade, O. A.;Dipeolu, O.O. 1982 Studies on parasites of African snakes Int. J. Zoon. 9 2 87-89 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, perasites Journal Article Akinyemi, J. O.;Ikede, B.O. 1982 Verminous pneumonia in a Gaboon viper (Bitis gabonicus) D. Zool. Garten N.F. 52 78-80 Reptilia, serpentes, Gaboon viper, Bitis gabonica, infection, helminth, pneumonia, pathology Reprint Vet Path. 80/139 Journal Article Al-Badry, K. S.;Bashtar, A.R.M. 1980 Variations of water and electrolyte composition in the blood of two Egyptian turtles under active and hibernation conditions Bull. Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ Reptilia, testudines, Egyptian turtle, physiology, water, electrolyte, blood, activity, hibernation, ecology Journal Article Al-Badry, K. S.;Bashtar, A.R.M. 1980 Concentrations of some organic components of turtle blood during hibernation and activity Bull. Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ Reptilia, testudines, physiology, blood, hibernation, activity Journal Article Al-Badry, K.S.;Nuzhy, S. 1983 Hematological and biochemical parameters in active and hibernating sand vipers. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 74A 137-141 Reptilia, serpentes, sand viper, physiology, blood, values, hibernation, activity Journal Article Alberch, Pere 1980 Ontogenesis and morphological diversification American Zoologist 20 653-667 amphibia, anura, caudata, osteology, morphology, herterchrony, growth, ontogeny, development, relationships, Journal Article Alberch, P.;Alberch, J. 1981 Heterochronic mechanisms of morphological diversification and evolutionary change in the neotropical salamander, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) Journal of Morphology 167 249-264 Amphibians, salamanders, plethodontids, morphology, evolution, Central America, foot, toes, growth Journal Article Alberch, P. 1981 Convergence and parallelism in foot morphology in the neotropical salamander genus Bolitoglossa. I. Function Evolution 35 1 84-100 Amphibians, salamanders, morphology, feet, webbing, toes, evolution, development, biomechanics, walking, performance Journal Article Alberch, Pere;Alberch, Jordi 1981 Heterochronic mechanisms of morphological diversification nd evolutionary change in the Neotropical salamnder, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) Journal of Morphology 167 249-264 Journal Article Alberch, Pere;Alberch, Jordi 1981 Heterochronic mechanisms of morphological diversification and evolutionary change in the Neotropical salamander, Bolitoglossa occidentalis (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) Journal of Morphology 167 249-264 Journal Article Alberch, Pere 1981 Convergence and parallelism in foot morphology in the neotropical salamander genus Bolitoglossa I. Function 35 84-100 amphibia, caudata, osteology, morphology, herterchrony, growth, ontogeny, development, relationship Journal Article Alberch, P.;Gale, Emily A. 1983 Size dependence during the development of the amphibian foot. Colchicine-induced digital loss and reduction Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 76 177-197 amphibia, caudata, osteology, morphology, herterchrony, growth, ontogeny, development, experimental Journal Article Alberch, Pere 1983 Morphological variation in the neotropical salamander genus Bolitoglossa 37 906-919 amphibia, caudata, osteology, morphology, herterchrony, growth, ontogeny, development, relationship Journal Article Alberch, P.;Gale., E. A. 1983 Size dependence during the development of the amphibian foot. Colchicine-induced digital loss and reduction. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 76 177-197 Journal Article Alcala, A. C.;Brown., W. C. 1982 Reproductive biology of some species of Philautus (Rhacophoridae) and other Philippine anurans Philippine J. Biol. 11 203-226 Journal Article Alcala, Angel C.;Brown, Walter C. 1982 Reproductive biology of some species of Philautus (Rhacophoridae) and other Philippine anurans Kalikasan, Philippine Journal of Biology 11 2-3 203-226 Book Alderton, D. 1981 Tortoises and terrapins Saiga? Journal Article Aldridge, R. D. 1982 The ovarian cycle of the watersnake Nerodia sipedon, and effects of hypophysectomy and gonadotropin administration Herpetologica 38 1 71-79 Reptiles, snakes, colubridae, serpentes, ovary, reproduction, vitellogenesis, Missouri Journal Article Alford, Ross A. 1980 Population structure of Gopherus polyphemus in Northern Florida Journal of Herpetology 14 2 177-184 tortoise, Florida Journal Article Alford, R.A. 1980 Population structure of Gopherus polyphemus in northern Florida J. Herpetol. 14 2 177-182 Journal Article Alford, R.A.;Crump, M.A. 1982 Habitat partitioning among size classes of larval southern leopard frogs, Rana utricularia Copeia 1982 367-373 Anura, Ranidae, Rana utricularia, tadpoles, habitat partitioning, size classes, spatial distribution, density, behavior, USA, Florida, 295 Journal Article Alford, R. A.;Crump., M. L. 1982 Habitat partitioning among size classes of larval southern leopard frogs, Rana utricularia. Copeia 1982 367-373 Journal Article Alford, R. A. and M. L. Crump. 1982 Habitat partitioning among size classes of larval southern leopard frogs, Rana utricularia Copeia 1982 367-373 Journal Article Allen, E.R. 1980 Large Florida softshell turtles, Trionyx ferox measurements and weights as taken July 10, 1979 Indigo, News Bull. Fla. Herpetol. Soc. 1 7/8 104-106 Journal Article ALLEN, M. E;OFTEDAL, O. Y.;KNAPKA, J. 1982 Manipulation of calcium and phosphorus levels in live prey Proc. Am. Ass. Zoo Vet. New Orleans 131-132 Reptilia, sauria, nutrition, resorption, calcium, phosphorus, live prey Reprint Vet, path 85/11 and 85/93 Journal Article Allen, E.R. 1982 Life history notes: Trionyx ferox (Florida softshell). Size Herpetol. Rev. 13 49 Journal Article Allen, M.E. 1983 Geckos, tree frogs, crickets and calcium American Association of Zoo veterinarians 24-27 189-192 Amphibia, anura, tree frog, Hyla septentrionalis, Reptilia, sauria, parthenogenic house gecko, Hemidactylus garnotii, Cricket, Acheta domesticus, Calcium, experimental diet, formulated 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Alley, K. E.;Barnes., M. D. 1983 Birth dates of trigeminal motoneurons and metamorphic reorganization of the jaw myoneuronal system in frogs Journal of Comparative Neurology 218 395-405 Journal Article Altig, Ronald;Lohoefener, Ren 1980 A bibliography of larval and neotenic salamander biology Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1980 47 1-20 bibliography index Journal Article Altig, Ronald;Christensin, Michael T. 1981 Behavioral characteristics of the tadpoles of Rana heckscheri Journal of Herpetology 15 2 151-154 Anura, Ranidae, Rana heckscheri, behavior, tadpoles, schooling, feeding, phototropism, chemosensory, 144 Journal Article Altig, R.;Christiansen., M. T. 1981 Behavioral characteristics of the tadpole of Rana heckscheri Journal of Herpetology 15 151-154 Journal Article Altig, R.;Christensen., M. T. 1981 Behavioral characteristics of the tadpoles of Rana heckscheri Journal of Herpetology 5 51-154 Journal Article Altig, Ronald;Christensen, Michael T. 1981 Behavioral characteristics of the tadpoles of Rana heckscheri Journal of Herpetology 15 2 151-154 Journal Article Altig, Ronald;Lohoefener, Ren 1982 Rana grylio Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 286 1-2 Journal Article Altig, Ronald;Lohoefener, Ren 1983 Rana areolata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 324 1-4 Journal Article Altig, Ronald;Ireland, Patrick H. 1984 A key to salamander larvae and larviform adults of the United States and Canada Herpetologica 40 2 212-218 Caudata, salamander, larvae, identification, key, USA, Canada, 296 Journal Article Altig, R.;Ireland., P. H. 1984 Key to salamander larvae and larviform adults of the United States and Canada Herpetologica 40 212-218 Journal Article Altman, J. S.;Dawes., E. A. 1983 A cobalt study of medullary sensory projections from lateral line nerves associated with cutaneous nerves, and the VIIIth nerve in adult Xenopus Journal of Comparative Neurology 213 310-326 Journal Article ALTMANN, H. 1980 Erfolgreiche Behandlung der Knochenerweichung bei einer Segelechse Die Aquar. & Terrar. Z. 33 67-70 Reptilia, sauria, sailing lizard, Hydrosaurus pustulatus, osteoporosis, therapy Reprint Endnote 93/443 Book Alvarez del Toro, Miguel 1982 Los Reptiles de Chiapas Tuxtla Gutierrez Instituto de Historia Natural 248 Book Alvarez del Toro, Miguel 1982 Los Reptiles de Chiapas Tuxtla Gutierrez Instituto de Historia Natural 248 p. Journal Article Amiet, Jean-Louis 1983 Un essai de cartographie des anoures du Cameroun. [An essay on the cartography of the anurans of Cameroon] Alytes 2 4 124-146 frogs distribution Journal Article Ananjeva, N. B.;Borkin, L. J. 1981 The Fauna and Ecology of Amphibians and reptiles of the Palaearctic Asia Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Proceedings of the Zoological Institute 101 1-126, 14 plates Journal Article Ananjeva, N. B.;Orlov, N. L. 1982 Feeding behaviour of snakes Vertebrata Hungarica 21 25-31 Reptiles, snakes, behavior, food, predation, Journal Article Anderson, R. A.;Karasov, W. H. 1981 Contrasts in energy intake and expenditure in sit-and-wait and widely foraging lizards Oecologia (Berl.) 49 67-72 Reptiles, lizards, cnemidophorus tigris, Callisaurus, foraging mode, costs, California, behavior, metabolism, doubly labeled water, Journal Article Anderson, R. S.;Doos, E. J.;Rose, F. L. 1982 DIfferential ability of Ambystoma tigrinum hepatic microsomes to produce mutagenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines Cancer Lett 16 1 33-41 Animal; Benzopyrenes/metabolism; Biotransformation; Carcinogens/*metabolism; Comparative Study; Disease Models, Animal; Microsomes, Liver/*metabolism; Mixed Function Oxidases/metabolism; *Mutagenicity Tests; Perylene/metabolism; Rats; Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects/genetics; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela A number of carcinogenic aromatic amines when activated by liver microsomes from a salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, are mutagenic for Salmonella tester strains sensitive to frameshift mutagens. However, 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (benzo[alpha]pyrene (BaP) and perylene) that are rendered mutagenic by mammalian microsomes are not activated by Ambystoma mixed-function oxidases. BaP was chosen for study because it is a well-known environmental carcinogen; perylene, an isomer of BaP, has been implicated as a etiological agent in cutaneous neoplasia in Ambystoma. These results support the observation that amphibians are quite resistant to PAH carcinogenesis and suggest that aromatic amines may be more appropriate model carcinogens. Journal Article Anderson, S. L.;Dent, J. N. 1982 Increased loss of thyroxine from the blood streams of newts after injection with ovine prolactin Gen Comp Endocrinol 47 3 276-9 Animal; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens/*blood; Prolactin/*pharmacology; Salamandridae/*blood; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Thyrotropin/pharmacology; Thyroxine/*blood Journal Article Anderson, S. L.;Dent, J. N. 1982 Effects of TRH, TSH, and prolactin on the release in vitro of thyroxine from thyroid glands of the red-spotted newt Gen Comp Endocrinol 47 3 280-7 Animal; In Vitro; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens/*metabolism; Prolactin/*pharmacology; Protirelin/*pharmacology; Salamandridae/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Thyroid Gland/secretion; Thyrotropin/*pharmacology; Thyroxine/*secretion Journal Article Andre, John B.;MacMahon, James A. 1980 Reproduction in three sympatric lizard species from west-central Utah Great Basin Naturalist 40 1 68-72 Uta stansburiana crotaphytus collaris cnemidophorus tigris Journal Article Andren, C.;Nilson, G. 1981 Reproductive success and risk of predation in normal and melanistic colour morphs of the adder, Vipera berus Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 15 235-246 reptiles, snakes, melanism, thermoregulation, size, combat, predation, Sweden Journal Article Andren, C. 1982 The role of the vomeronasal organs in the reproductive behavior of the adder Vipera berus Copeia 1982 1 148-157 reptiles, snakes, reproduction, chemical, behavior, communication, smell Journal Article Andren, C. 1982 Effect of prey density on reproduction, foraging and other activities in the adder, Vipera berus Amphibia-Reptilia 2 81-96 Reptiles, snakes, reproduction, diet, feeding, predation, Sweden, body size, activity Journal Article Andren, C.;Nilson, G. 1983 Reproductive tactics in an island population of adders, Vipera berus (L.), with a fluctuating food resource Amphibia-Reptilia 4 63-79 Reptiles, snakes, reproduction, islands, food, feeding, clutch size, prey, predation, resources, strategy, body size, mass, RCM Journal Article Andrews, R. M.;Sexton, O. J. 1981 Water relations of the eggs of Anolis auratus and Anolis limifrons. Ecology 62 556-562 reptiles, lizards, anoles, egg-water relations, physiological ecology, reptilian eggs, tropics, Panama, Book Section Andrews, R. M. 1982 Patterns of growth in reptiles Pough, C. Gans and F. H. Biology of the Reptilia New York. Academic Press 273-320 reptiles, body size, growth rate, methods, review Book Section Andrews, R. M.;Rand, A. S. 1982 Seasonal breeding and long-term population fluctuations in the lizard Anolis limifrons Leigh, E. G., Jr. and Rand, A. S. and Windsor, D. M. The ecology of a tropical forest: seasonal rhythms and long-term changes Washington, D. C. Smithsonian Institution Press 405-412 reproduction, reptiles, Journal Article Andrews, R. M.;Rand, A. S. 1983 Limited dispersal of juvenile Anolis limifrons. Copeia 1983 429-434 reptiles, lizards, anoles, home range, Panama, territories, overlap, aggression, local distribution Book Section Andrews, R. M.;Rand, A. S.;Guerrero, S. 1983 Seasonal and spatial variation in the annual cycle of a tropical lizard Miyata, G. J. Rhodin and K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology--essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge, Mass Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard Univ.) 441-454 reptiles, lizards, Anolis limifrons, Panama, diet, food, energy, population, Book Section Andrews, R. M. 1984 Energetics of sit-and-wait and widely-searching lizard predators. R. A. Seigel, L. E. Gunt, J. L. Knight, L. Malaret, and N. L. Zuschlag Vertebrate ecology and systematics - a tribute to Henry S. Fitch. Lawrence Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas. 137-145 Reptiles, lizards, predation, prey, behavior, diet, Arizona, food, activity, body temperature, thermoregulation Book Section Andrews, Robin M. 1984 Energetics of sit-and-wait and widely-searching lizards predators Seigel, R.A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L.;Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics-A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, KS Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 137-145 Journal Article Annable, T. 1984/1985 Subcaudal scalation analysis of Pseudonaja textilis (Dumeril and Bibron) in the eastern Riverina Region Herpetofauna 16 1-2 40-42 Pseudonaja textilis Journal Article Annas, G. J. 1983 Consent to the artificial heart: the lion and the crocodiles Hastings Cent Rep 13 2 20-2 *Heart, Artificial; Human; Human Experimentation; *Informed Consent; Male Journal Article Anonymous 1980 Brief history of Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1980 Some reptile lores Hamadryad 5 3 10 Journal Article Anonymous 1980 News from the Madras Snake Park and Madras Crocodile Bank Hamadryad 5 3 1-8 Journal Article Anonymous 1980 Mugger breeding at Madras Crocodile Bank - 1979 Hamadryad 5 1 2-3 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Anonymous 1980 Silent Valley Hamadryad 5 1 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1980 Our herpetological museum Hamadryad 5 1 9-10 Journal Article Anonymous 1980 Orinoco crocodiles hatched at Crandon Park Zoo AAZPA Newsletter 21 9 14 CI, captive breeding, Journal Article Anonymous 1980 Chinese alligator Tigerpaper 7 2 28 AS, conservation, India Journal Article Anonymous 1980 De wet BUD: een forumdag georganiseerd door de Leidse Werkgroep Lacerta 38 8 70-75 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Reptilian salmonellosis Lancet July 18 130.131 Reptilia, serpetes, testudines, sauria, infection, bacteria, salmonella Reprint 81/147 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Snakebite Hamadryad 6 3 2-3 Snakebite Journal Article Anonymous 1981 News from the Madras Snake Park and Madras Crocodile Bank Hamadryad 6 3 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Snakebite toll in Bangladesh Hamadryad 6 3 4 Snakebite Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Skin trade Hamadryad 6 3 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Man killings by snakes from "Travellers India" edited by H. K. Kaul Hamadryad 6 2 10 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Turtle meat kills three Hamadryad 6 1 8-10 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Three more reptile centres Hamadryad 6 2 5 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Turtles in drought Hamadryad 6 3 6 Lissemys punctata; Trionyx gangeticus; Hardella thurgii Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Gavialis Hamadryad 6 3 11 Gavialis Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Madras Crocodile Bank mugger nesting data for 1981 Hamadryad 6 3 13 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Anonymous 1981 The crocodile Hamadryad 6 2 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Protection for ranids Hamadryad 6 3 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 Telemetric studies on Gavialis Hamadryad 6 2 5 Book Anonymous 1981 Australian Snakes and Lizards Sydney Bay Books 50 Journal Article Anonymous 1981 The crocodile From "Tyler's Natural History", ca 1900 Hamadryad 6 2 11 CPL, miscellaneous, India Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Reptiles and amphibians seen in Kodaikanal (Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu) Hamadryad 7 1 7 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Notes Hamadryad 7 1 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Some Bengali snake myths Hamadryad 7 1 3-4 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Enquête sur la repartition des amphibiens en France: Texte d'accompagnement de la fiche-enquête [Investigations on the distribution of amphibians in France: Text accompanying the index cards] Alytes 1 1 5-11 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Saltwater crocodile in S. India - First record for forty years Hamadryad 7 2 12 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Freshwater turtles Hamadryad 7 1 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 News from the Madras Snake park and Madras Crocodile Bank Hamadryad 7 2 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 IUCN/SSC Snake Group Newsletter No. 2 Hamadryad 7 2 16-22 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Publications Hamadryad 7 2 14-15 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 A snake-mongoose encounter Hamadryad 7 3 18 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 IUCN/SSC Snake Group Newsletter No. 1 Hamadryad 7 1 15-20 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Lissemys in Andamans Hamadryad 7 1 11 Lissemys Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Madras Crocodile Bank Trust 1982 mugger nesting data Hamadryad 7 3 13 Crocodylus palustris Book Anonymous 1982 A Guide to Capitol Reef Rocklife Capitol Reef Natural History Assoc. 18 Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Zimbabwe National Parks and Wildlife Management National parks policy- Conservation and management of crocodilians in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 214-215 CNL, management, conservation, utilization, farming, Africa Journal Article Anonymous 1982 Crocodilian imports increase Oryx 16 4 304 utilization, conservation, Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Crocodile mortality at Amaravathi Farm Hamadryad 8 3 25 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 The ruthless alligator poachers of Pantanal Hamadryad 8 3 19-20 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Breeding mugger at Madras Crocodile Bank Trust Hamadryad 8 3 23-24 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Crocodile found dead in dam Hamadryad 8 3 19 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 An idle boast? Hamadryad 8 2 17-18 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Amaravathi Crocodile Farm Hamadryad 8 3 24 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 MSPT mugger breeding results Hamadryad 8 3 24 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 MadrasCcrocodile Bank Trust 1983 saltwater crocodile (C. porosus) nesting and hatching Hamadryad 8 3 18 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 News from the Madras Snake Park and Madras Crocodile Bank Hamadryad 8 3 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 More notes on the dog-face Hamadryad 8 2 4 Cerberus Journal Article Anonymous 1983 'Snake' communities in India Hamadryad 8 2 3 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Crocodiles at Moyar Hamadryad 8 3 25-26 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Amaravathi reservior Hamadryad 8 3 25 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 progress report from the Irula Snake Catchers Industrial Cooperative Society Hamadryad 8 2 7-8 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 IUCN/SSC Snake Group Newsletter no. 3 Hamadryad 8 1 28-36 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Mugger breeding in GOA Hamadryad 8 3 18 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 IUCN/SSC Freshwater Chelonian Group Newsletter No. 5 Hamadryad 8 1 37-49 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 IUCN/SSC Snake Group Newsletter No. 4 Hamadryad 8 2 23-24 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 IUCN/SSC Snake Group newsletter No. 5 Hamadryad 8 3 35-39 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 For farmers, the year of the rat (plague) Hamadryad 8 3 33-34 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Madras Crocodile Bank Trust 1983 caiman (Caiman crocodilus) nesting and hatching Hamadryad 8 3 18 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Pelamis platurus from Madras Hamadryad 8 1 19 Pelamis platurus Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Stop Press: World's rarest turtle (we think) lays eggs in captivity Hamadryad 8 1 13 Heosemys silvatica Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Crocodile hatching collection at Moyar Hamadryad 8 3 26 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Weekly feeding rates at Madras Snake Park Hamadryad 8 1 4-5 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Herpetological news Hamadryad 8 1 2-4 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 First captive breeding of caiman (Caiman c. crocodilus) in India Hamadryad 8 1 7 caiman c. crocodilus Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Care Sheet: Leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 5 13-14 Journal Article Anonymous 1983 Alligators in Georgia Charles Lytell, "A second visit to the United States", 1849 Trans. Stud. Coll. Physicians Phila. 5 2 122 *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Georgia; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; *Reptiles Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Reptile breeding in captivity Hardun 2 52-54 Natrix tessellata Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Selected field observations Hardun 2 46-51 Pelobates; Testudo; Mauremys caspica; Stenodactylus sthenodactylus; Agama stellio; Eumeces schneideri; Uromastyx aegyptius Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Gharial in Bangladesh Hamadryad 9 2 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Freshwater turtles in India: their status, conservation and management Hamadryad 9 3 9-17 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 CITES news Hamadryad 9 3 17-18 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Study of Trionyx nigricens commences in Bangledesh Hamadryad 9 3 19 Trionyx nigricens Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Note on observations at the olive ridley rookery at Gahirmatha, Orissa Hamadryad 9 3 19-20 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Frog-leg export ban under study Hamadryad 9 2 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Arribada, the arrival Hamadryad 9 2 12 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 News from the Madras Snake Park and Madras Crocodile Bank Hamadryad 9 3 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 A new sea-snake record for Madras Hamadryad 9 3 3-4 Hydrophis ornatus Journal Article Anonymous 1984 King cobras bred at the Snake Park Hamadryad 9 3 2 Ophiophagus hannah Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Mrs. Gandhi writes about turtles Hamadryad 9 3 21 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Jaws III changes residence Hamadryad 9 3 24 Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Crocodylus palustris: study of the reproductive biology Hamadryad 9 2 2 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Anonymous 1984 Coming to gator's aid Time Sept.17 70 AM, farming, FL Journal Article Antal, M.;Tornai, I.;Székely., G. 1980 Longitudinal extent of dorsal root fibres in the spinal cord and brain stem of the frog Neuroscience 5 1311-1322 Journal Article Antúnez, A.;Vargas, J. M.;Romero, J. 1981 Algunos datos sobre la reproducción de Alytes obstetricans Laur. en la Sierra Tejeda (Andalucia) P. Cent. pir. Biol. exp. 13 47-49 Alytes obstetricans, Discoglossidae, Anura Journal Article Aoki, R. 1982 The phylogeny and evolution of crocodilians I Kaiyoh to Seibutu (Aquabiology) 4 122-127. [in Japanese] CROC, evolution, taxonomy, Journal Article Appleby, Leonard G. 1980 Snakes shedding skin Natural History 89 2 64-71 Journal Article Applegarth, John Stirling 1980 Herpetofauna (anurans and lizards) of Eddy County, New Mexico: Quaternary changes and environmental implications Dissertation Abstracts International 40 8 1-2 Journal Article Applegate, R.A. 1982 Feeding baby snakes San Diego Herp. Soc. Newsletter 4 10 4 Reptilia, serpentes, food, feeding Journal Article Apples, R.;Dvorák, J. 1982 The wheat ribosomal DNA spacer region: Its structure and variation in populations and among species Theor. Appl. Genet. 63 337-348 gene conversion Journal Article Apples, R.;Dvorák, J. 1982 Relative rates of divergence of spacer and gene sequences within the rDNA region of species in the Triticeae: Implications for the maintenance of homogeneity of a repeated gene family Theor. Appl. Genet. 63 361-365 gene conversion Journal Article Appleton, Ariel B. 1980 Bolson hatchlings at the Research Ranch Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 146-150 Gopherus flavomarginatus Journal Article Appleton, Ariel B. 1983 Further observations of Bolson tortoises (Gopherus flavomarginatus) at the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 108-114 gopherus agassizii Book Applied Biology, Inc. 1981 Successful relocation of sea turtle nests near the St. Lucie Plant, Hutchinson Island, Florida Rep. to Fla. Power and Light Co. Book Section Arak, A. 1983 Male-male competition and mate choice in anuran amphibians. Bateso, P. Mate Choice. Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press 181-210 Amphibians, reproduction, mate choice, competition, anurans, social behavior, size, constraints Journal Article Arak, Anthony 1983 Sexual selection by male-male competition in natterjack toad choruses Nature, 306 261-262 toad, sexual selection Journal Article Arak, A. 1983 Vocal interactions, call matching and territoriality in a Sri Lankan treefrog, Philautus leucorhinus (Rhacophoridae) Animal Behaviour 31 292-302 acoustic communication, territoriality, Rhacophoridae, Philautus leucorhinus, aggresive call, playback, calls-timing, Journal Article Araujo, P.;Machado, M.I. 1980 Some data on the life history of the Ascaridoid Ophidascaris trichuriformis, parasite of snakes Ann. de Parasitol 55 333-346 Reptilia, serpentes, python, infection, helminth, nematode, Ophidascaris trichuriformis, cycle Book Arbel, A. 1984 Plants and Animals of the Land of Israel, an illustrated encyclopedia: Reptiles and Amphibians Ministry of Defense Publishing House/Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel 5 37-38 Journal Article Ardavin, C. F.;Zapata, A.;Garrido, E.;Villena, A. 1982 Ultrastructure of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the amphibian urodele, Pleurodeles waltlii. Cell Tissue Research 224 663-671. Amphibia, urodela, newt, Pleurodeles waltlii, physiology, anatomy, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, GALT, Book Section Arias, Elio;Pacces Zaffaroni, Nicoletta;Zavanella, Teresa 1983 A study on the genesis of Maneb-induced malformations of the regenerating limb of the adult crested newt Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 223-226 Journal Article Armstrong, W. M.;Garcia-Diaz, J. F. 1981 Intracellular sodium activity and transcellular sodium transport in gallbladder Prog Clin Biol Res 73 1-12 Animal; Biological Transport, Active; Epithelium/physiology; Gallbladder/*metabolism; Kinetics; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus; Sodium/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. As stated in the introduction, the purpose of this report has been to illustrate how the measurement of steady-state intracellular ionic activities, a technique that has proved to be of great importance in studying the energetics of transmembrane ionic transfer processes, can, with appropriate assumptions, be used to obtain information concerning the kinetics of these processes. Specifically, our analysis has focussed on transcellular Na+ transport in Necturus gallbladder and has shown that, given the steady-state values of Em, a1Na, and apical Na+ conductance for a particular set of conditions, it is possible to obtain estimates of net baso-lateral Na+ efflux (Na+ pump rate), net (and/or unidirectional) diffusive apical Na+ influx, and net coupled NaCl influx. It should be emphasized that the analysis outlined above is a preliminary essay in this direction. We present it here in the hope that, wit appropriate refinements, it may prove useful in unraveling the mechanisms by which drugs, hormones and other specific agents affect membrane function in epithelial and other systems. Book Arnold, E. N.;Burton, J. A. 1980 A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe London Collins 272 + 40 plates Journal Article Arnold, Douglas L. 1980 Geographic variation in Anolis brevirostris (Sauria: Iguanidae) in Hispaniola Breviora 461 1-31 Journal Article Arnold, Steven J. 1983 Morphology, performance and fitness American Zoologist 23 347-361 Journal Article Arnold, Stevan J. 1983 Morphology, performance and fitness (from the symposium on adaptive radiation within a highly specialized system: The diversity of feeding mechanisms of snakes. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, 27-30 December, 1981 at Dallas, Texas.) American Zoologist 23 347-61 morphology, performance, fitness, snakes, feeding, selection Journal Article Arnold, E. N. 1984 Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives Journal of Natural History 18 127-169 Reptiles, lizards, tail loss, caudal autotomy, evolution, regeneration, mechanisms, costs, ontogeny, color, review, Journal Article Arnold, E. N. 1984 Ecology of lowland lizards in the eastern United Arab Emirates Journal of Zoology, London 204 329-354 reptiles, lizards, niche, microhabitat, reproduction, caudal autotomy, tail loss, morphology, temperature, thermal tolerances, CTMax, Book Section Arnold, E. N. 1984 Variation in the cloacal and hemipenial muscles of lizards and its bearing on their relationships Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 47-85 Journal Article Arntzen, J. W. 1980 Waarnemingen aan de amfibieênfauna van een gebied in Turkije Lacerta 38 9 82-84 Journal Article Arntzen, J. W. 1981 Ecological observations on Chioglossa lusitanica (Caudata, Salamandridae) Amphibia-Reptilia 1 3/4 187-203 Chioglossa lusitanica; Ecology Journal Article Arthur, W. 1982 A developmental approach to the problem of variation in evolutionary rates Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 18 243-261 Conference Proceedings Ashley, D.;Smith, J.;Woodward, A.;Joanen, T. 1981 Roundtable discussion of the future of alligator farming, regulations, husbandry and nutrition 29-35 Conference Proceedings Ashley, J.D. 1981 Introduction and the future of alligator farming 1-3 Conference Proceedings Ashley, J.D. 1982 Overview of alligator production 1982 1-4 Book Ashton, Ray E., Jr;Ashton, Patricia Sawyer 1981 Handbook of Reptiles and Amphibians of Florida. Part One: The Snakes Miami, FL Windward Publishing 176 Edited Book Atamyradov, C. I.;et al. 1984 Badghiz, Aschobad, USSR 192 p. Journal Article Attar, E. N.;Maly., E. J. 1980 A laboratory study of preferential predation by newt Notophthalmus v. viridescens. Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 1712-1717 Journal Article Auclair, René;Auclair, Simone;Brugiere, Dominique 1983 Des grenouilles vertes (Rana sp.) en Sardaigne. [The green frogs (Rana sp.) in Sardinia] Alytes 2 2 53-54 introduction esculenta Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter 1980 The herpetofauna of Komodo, with notes on adjacent areas Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. Biological Sciences 25 2 39-156 Komodo Journal Article Auffenberg, W. 1981 The behavioral ecology of the komodo monitor University Press Florida 267-270 Reptilia, sauria, Komodo monitor, Varanus comodensis, behavior Journal Article Auffenberg, W. 1981 Behavior of Lissemys punctata in a drying lake in Rajasthan, India J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78 487-493 Lissemys punctata; behaviour; Asia: India: Rajasthan Book Auffenberg, Walter 1981 The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor Gainesville University Press of Florida x, 406 p. Book Section Auffenberg, Walter 1982 Feeding strategy of the Caicos ground iguana, Cyclura carinata Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 84-116 Book Section Auffenberg, W.;Franz, R. 1982 The status and distribution of the Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Bury, R.B. North American Tortoises: conservation and ecology Washington DC US Dept. of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service 95-126 Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter 1983 The burrows of Varanus bengalensis: characteristics and use Records of the Zoological Survey of India 80 375-385 Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter;Ipe, Ipe M. 1983 The food and feeding of juvenile Bengal monitor lizards (Varanus bengalensis) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80 1 119-124 Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter 1984 Notes on feedings behaviour of Varanus bengalensis (Sauria: varanidae) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80 2 286-302 Journal Article Avery, R. A. 1980 Ecophysiology and behaviour of lacertid lizards-towards a synoptic model Proc. Euro. Herp. Symp. 71-73 reptiles, lizards, morphology, physiology, activity, feeding, abundance, social behavior, Journal Article Avery, R. A. 1981 Feeding ecology of the nocturnal gecko Hemidactylus brookii in Ghana Amphibia-Reptilia 1 3-4 269-276 reptiles, lizards, food, diet, intake, model, body size Book Section Avery, R. A. 1982 Field studies of body temperatures and thermoregulation Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 93-166 Journal Article Avery, Harold W.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1984 How to get blood from a turtle Copeia 1984 1 209-210 Journal Article Avery, H. W.;Witt, L.J. 1984 How to get blood from a turtle Copeia 1984 209-210 Reptilia, testudines, technique, blood, sampling Book Section Avery, R. A. 1984 Physiological aspects of lizard growth: the role of thermoregulation Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 407-424 Journal Article Axtell, Ralph W. 1983 Holbrookia propinqua Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 341 1-2 Journal Article Axtell, Ralph W. 1983 Range portrayal and reality: Heterodon platirhinos distribution on the high plains of Texas and Oklahoma Journal of Herpetology 17 2 191-193 Lampropeltis calligaster distribution Journal Article Ayala, S. C.;Hertz, P. E. 1981 Malaria infection in Anolis lizards on Martinique, Lesser Antilles Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 23 1 12-17 reptiles, parasite Journal Article Ayala, Stephen;Harris, Dennis;Wiliams, Ernest E. 1983 New or problematic Anolis from Colombia. I. Anolis calimae, new species, from the cloud forest of Western Colombia Breviora 475 1-11 Journal Article Ayala, Stephen;Harris, Dennis;Williams, Ernest E. 1983 New or problematic Anolis from Colombia. I. Anolis calimae, new species, from the cloud forest of western Colombia Breviora 475 1-11 Journal Article Ayala, Stephen;Harris, Dennis M. 1984 A new microteiid lizard (Alopoglossus) from the Pacific rainforest of Colombia Herpetologica 40 2 154-158 Alopoglossus lehmanni n. sp. Journal Article Ayarzaguena Sanz, J. 1984 Ecologia del caiman de Anteojos o Baba (Caiman crocodilus L) en Los Llanos de Apure (Venezuela) Donana 10 3 1-136 CCR, morphology, techniques, demography, activity, food, behavior, reproduction, nest, vocal, vision, Journal Article Ayarzagüena Sanz, José 1983 Ecologia del Caiman de Antejos o Baba (Caiman crocodilusL) en los Llanos de Apure (Venezuela) Doñana, Acta Vertebrata 10-3 Numero Especial 1-136 Journal Article Ayers, F. A.;Arnold, S.J. 1983 Behavioural variations in natural populations. IV Mendelian models and heritability of a feeding response in the garter snake Tamnophis elegans Heredity 51 405-413 Reptilia, snake, Tamnophis elegans, food, feeding, heritability Journal Article Ayres, Frank A.;Arnold, Steven J. 1983 Behavioural variation in natural populations. IV. Mendelian models and heritability of a feeding response in the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans Heredity 51 1 405-413 Journal Article Babalian, A. L.;Shapovalov., A. I. 1984 Synaptic actions produced by individual ventrolateral tract fibres in frog lumbar motoneurons Exp. Brain Res. 54 551-563 Journal Article Bachman, M. D. 1984 Defensive behavior of brooding female red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus Herpetologica 40 4 436-443 Amphibia, Caudata, parental care, aggression Book Section Backon, J.P. 1980 Some observations on the captive management of Galapagos tortoises J.B. Murphy, J.T. Collins Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles SSAR 97-113 Journal Article Bacon, J. P. 1980 Some observations on the captive management of Galapagos tortoises Ssar Contr. Herpetol. 1980 97-113 Reptilia, testudines, galapagos tortoise, breeding Journal Article Badir, N. ;al., et 1981 Cell mediated immunity in the gecko, Tarentola annularis Folia hemat. 27 28-36 Reptilia, sauria, gecko, Tarentola annularis, physiology, immunity, cell-mediation Journal Article Baeyens, D. A.;Patterson, M. W.;McAllister, C. T. 1980 A comparative physiological study of diving in three species of Nerodia and Elaphe obsoleta Journal of Herpetology 14 1 65-70 water snakes, diving, rat snakes Journal Article Bagshaw, C.;Brisbin, I.L. 1984 Long-term declines in radiocesium of two sympatric snake populations Journal of Applied Ecology 21 407-413 Steel Creek Journal Article Bailey, S. 1980 The cause and treatment of eye complaints in terrapins Testudo 1 80-81 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, eye, vitamin Journal Article Baird, Thomas M. 1981 Dragons of the shore: Marine iguanas Sea Frontiers 27 5 306-311 amblyrhynchus cristatus Journal Article Baker, Steven C. 1980 Tarichatoxin: a unique toxin isolated from Western American newts Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 16 3 109-112 Journal Article Baker, Randy E.;Gillingham, James C. 1983 An analysis of courtship behavior in Blanding's Turtle, Emydoidea blandingi Herpetologica 39 2 Journal Article Baker, A.-M.;Andrews, R.M. 1984 Intraspecific allometry of standard metabolic rate of Chalcides ocellatus (Sauria: Scincidae) J. of. Herpetology 18 85-86 Reptilia, sauria, Chalcides ocellatus, physiology, metabolism, metabolic rate Journal Article Bakker, Robert T. 1982 Juvenile-adult habitat shift in Permian fossil reptiles and amphibians Science 217 53-55 Journal Article Balazs, G. H. 1982 Driftnets catch leatherback turtles Oryx 428-430 leatherback Edited Book Balcells, E. 1984 Publicaciohnes del Centro pirenaico de Biologia experimental Jaca Publ. Cent. pir. Biol. exp. 13 1-179 Journal Article Baldwin, Geraldine F.;Bentley, P. J. 1981 A role for skin in Ca metabolism of frogs Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 68A 181-185 rana pipiens Journal Article Baldwin, G. F.;Bentley, P. J. 1982 Roles of the skin and gills in sodium and water exchanges in neotenic urodele amphibians Am J Physiol 242 1 R94-6 Ambystoma; Animal; Biological Transport, Active; Body Water/*metabolism; Gills/*metabolism; Kinetics; Skin/*metabolism; Sodium/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Neotenic urodele amphibians that possess prominent external gills absorb substantial amounts of water and sodium across their integument. Ligation of the gills did not change the uptake of either water or sodium in Necturus maculosus or Ambystoma tigrinum. In anuran tadpoles and fish the gills are known to be a major site of such exchanges. The possible physiological significance of such a restricted branchial permeability in aquatic urodeles is discussed as well as the bases for these special properties. Journal Article Ball, A. K.;Dickson, D. H. 1983 Identification of sulfur groups in the outer plexiform layer of the newt retina Exp Eye Res 37 2 199-208 Animal; Maleimides; Microscopy, Electron; Notophthalmus viridescens; Osmium; Phenylmercury Compounds; Photoreceptors/analysis/ultrastructure; Retina/*analysis/ultrastructure; Staining; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*analysis; Sulfhydryl Reagents; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Synaptic Vesicles/analysis/ultrastructure; Zinc The staining of newt photoreceptor synaptic vesicles with the zinc iodide-osmium (ZIO) method can be abolished by prior incubation in amphibian Ringer's containing 0.1 M-N-ethyl maleimide which specifically blocks -SH groups. The existence of high concentrations of sulfur groups in the outer plexiform layer of the newt retina has been further demonstrated with mercury orange and a newly synthesized fluorescent thiol probe, DACM. The reason why such high concentrations of -SH groups are present within photoreceptor synaptic vesicles is unclear, however, it is possible that ZIO stains the photoreceptor neurotransmitter itself. Book Ballasina, Donato 1984 Anfibi d'europa Ivrea, Italy Priuli & Verlucca 137 Journal Article Balletto, E.;Cherchi, Maria Adelaide;Lanza, Benedetto 1980 Hildebrandtia macrotympanum (Boulenger, 1912), a distinct species (Amphibia Ranidae) Monitore Zoologico Italiano n.s. Suppl. 13 6 141-149 Journal Article Ballinger, R. E.;Congdon, J. D. 1980 Food resource limitation of body growth rates in Sceloporus scalaris (Sauria: Iguanidae) Copeia 1980 4 921-923 reptiles, lizards, feeding, body size, abundance, growth rate Journal Article Ballinger, R. E.;Congdon, J. D. 1981 Population ecology and life history of a montane lizard (Sceloporus scalaris) in southeastern Arizona. J. Nat. Hist. 15 213-222 reptiles, lizards, elevation, reproduction, demography, strategy, life history, Journal Article Ballinger, R.E. 1981 Food limiting effects in populations of Scleroporus jarrovi (Iguanidae) Southwest Naturalist 25 554-557 Reptilia, sauria, Sceloporus jarrovi, food, scarcity, feeding, ecology, Journal Article Ballinger, Royce E.;Congdon, Justin D. 1981 Population ecology and life history strategy of a montane lizard (Sceloporus scalaris) in southeastern Arizona Journal of Natural History 15 213-222 Book Ballinger, Royce E.;Lynch, John D. 1983 How to know the Amphibians and Reptiles Dubuque, IA Wm. C. Brown viii + 229 Journal Article Ballinger, R. E.;Holscher, V. L. 1983 Assimilation efficiency and nutritive state in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus (sauria: iguanidae) Copeia 1983 3 838-839 Reptilia, sauria,striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus , physiology, nutrition, digestion Journal Article Balls, M.;Clothier, R. H. 1982 The significance of amphibian neoplasms: unresolved conflicts of emphasis. Proceedings first international colloquium on pathology of reptiles and amphibians, Angers, France 137-139 Amphibia, anura, pathology, neoplasma, tumor, renal adenocarcinoma, Nitroso compounds, N - dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), N-methyl-N- nitrosourea) Book Section Balls, Michael;Clothier, Richard H.;Knowles, Kevin R. 1983 Tumour incidence in NMU-treated Xenopus laevis Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 163-172 Book Section Balls, Michael;Clothier, Richard H. 1983 The significance of amphibian neoplasms: unresolved conflicts of emphasis Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 137-139 Book Section Balls, Michael 1983 Amphibian cell culture Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 187-189 Journal Article Banerjoe, Rathin 1984 Captive rearing of the olive ridleys Hamadryad 9 2 12-14 Lepidochelys olivacea Journal Article Banicki, L.H. 1981 New records of the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata in northern Florida Fla. Sci. 44 253-254 Journal Article Banicki, Leroy H.;Webb, Robert G. 1982 Morphological variation of the Texas Lyre Snake (Trimorphodon biscutatus vilkinsoni) from the Franklin Mountains, West Texas Southwestern Naturalist 27 3 321-324 Edited Book Banks, Chris B.;Martin, A. A. 1981 Proceedings of the Melbourne Herpetological Symposium. Royal Melbourne Zoological Gardens, Australia, 19-21 May 1980 Melbourne Zoological Board of Victoria 199 Journal Article Banks, Chris 1983 Some preliminary observations on a full-spectrum light source Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 7 6-9 Journal Article Banks, Chris 1983/1984 Notes on growth of the major skink (Egernia frerei) in captivity Herpetofauna 15 1-2 5-6 Egernia frerei Journal Article Banks, Chris B. 1984 Reproductive history of a colony of captive common iguanas (Iguana iguana) Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 101-114 Journal Article Banks, C., Schwaner, T.D., 1984 Two cases of interspecific hybridization among captive Australian boid snakes Zoo Biology 3 221-227 reptilia squamata serpentes boidae pythoninae, Python spilotes, Python amethistinus, Liasis mackloti, captivity, hybridization, reproduction NOD-bestandDR Journal Article Banks, C. 1984 Breeding the Taipan (Oxyurans scutellatus) et the Royal Melbourne Zoo Int. Zoo. Yrb. 23 159-162 reptilia, serpentes, Taipan, Oxyurans scutellatus, propagation, feeding Journal Article Banks, C.Schwaner, T.D. 1984 Two cases of interspecific hybridization among captive Australian boid snakes Zoo Biology 3 221-227 reptilia squamata serpentes boidae pythoninae, Python spilotes, Python amethistinus, Liasis mackloti, captivity, hybridization, reproduction NOD-bestandDR Journal Article Barbault, R.;Maury, M. 1981 Ecological organization of a Chihuahuan Desert lizard community. Oecologia (Berl.) 51 335-342 reptiles, lizards, niche, cnemidorphorus, prey, diet, food, body size Edited Book Barbault, Robert;Halffter, Gonzalo 1981 Ecology of the Chihuahuan Desert. Organization of Some Vertebrate Communities Mexico, D. F. Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. 1-167 Journal Article Barbault, R. 1982 La nocion de estrategia de adaptacion en ecologia Ciencia y desarrollo 45 114-122 ecology, energetics, strategies, lizards, reptiles Book Section Barbault, R. 1983 Reptiles in savanna ecosystems Bourliere, F. Tropical Savannas Amsterdam Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company 325-336 reptiles, lizards, dynamics, savanna, densities, Ivory Coast, reproduction, fire effects, scincidae, population dynamics, density, Journal Article Barbault, R. 1984 Strategies de reproduction et demographie de quelques amphibiens anoures tropicaux Oikos 43 77-87 demographic patterns, amphibians, Phrynobatrachus, Arthroleptis, reproductive effort, breeding cycles, survivorship, predation, life history Book Barco, Miguel del 1980 The Natural History of Baja California Los Angeles Dawson's Book Shop 298 Journal Article Barker, I.K.;J.P., Goltz. 1980 Pneumonia in reptiles: Clinico-pathological correlations Am. ass. zoo. Vet. Ann Proc. Washington 60-63 Reptilia, Testudines, serpentes, pathology, lung. disease. Journal Article Barker, I.K.;J.P.;Goltz. 1980 Pneumonia in reptiles: Clinico-pathological correlations Am. ass. zoo. Vet. Ann Proc. Washington 60-63 Reptilia, Testudines, serpentes, pathology, lung. disease. Journal Article Barker, J.B.;Antonio, F.B. 1983 Gopherus polyphemus (gopher tortoise) scutellation Herpetol. Rev. 14 75-76 Journal Article Barnard, S.M. 1983 A review of some fecal pseudoparasites of reptiles J. Zoo Anim. Med. 14 79-88 Reptilia, serpentes, helminth, pseudoparasite Journal Article Barnes, M. D.;Alley., K. E. 1983 Maturation and recycling of trigeminal motoneurons in anuran larvae Journal of Comparative Neurology 218 406-414 Journal Article Barnett, B. 1981 Observations on fish feeding in reptiles. Herpetofauna 13 11-13 Reptilia, serpentes, food, feeding, fish Journal Article Barnosky, Cathy W. 1984 Late Miocene vegetational and climatic variations inferred from a pollen record in Northwest Wyoming Science 223 49-51 paleoecology Journal Article Barta, J. R.;Desser, S. S. 1984 Blood parasites of amphibians from Algonquin Park, Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 20 3 180-189. Amphibia, anura, urodela, infection, protozoa, Trypanosoma, Haemogregarina, Lankesterella, Babesiasoma, Thrombocytozoons, helminth, microfilaria Journal Article Bartels, W.S. 1984 Osteology and systematic affinities of the horned alligator Ceratosuchus (Reptilia, Crocodilia) J. Paleontol. 58 1347-1353 fossil, anatomy, Journal Article Barten, S. L.;Frye, F. L. 1981 Leiomyosarcoma and myxoma in a Texas Indigo snake J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 1981 1292-1295 Reptilia, serpentes, Texas Indigo snake, pathology, tumor, leiomyosarcoma Journal Article Barten, S. L. 1981 The induction of voluntary feeding in captive snakes Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 16 1-5 Reptilia, serpentes, feeding, voluntary intake 210390 MDL DGB Rept 42 Journal Article Barten, S.L.;Frye, F.L. 1981 Leimyosarcoma and myxoma in a Texan indigo snake J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 179 1292 Reptilia, serpentes, texas indigo snake, pathology, tumor, leiomyosarcoma, myxoma Journal Article Barten, S. L. 1982 Fatal metastatic mineralisation in a Red-footed tortoise Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clinician 1982 Apr 595-597 Reptilia, testudines, red-footed tortoise, metastatic, mineralisation Journal Article Barten, S. L. 1982 Nutritional bone disease in a softshell turtle, Trionyx muticus Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 1982 51-53 Reptilia, testudines, softshell turtle, Trionyx muticus, feeding, management, bone disease, osteodystrophia fibrosa Journal Article Barten, S.L. 1982 Nutritional bone disease in a softshell turtle, Trionyx muticus, fed pinky mice Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 17 51-53 Reptilia, testudines, soft shell turtle, Trionyx muticus, food, feeding, pinky mice, pathology, osteodystrophia Journal Article Barten, S.L. 1982 Fatal metastatic mineralization in a red-footed tortoise Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 77 4 51-53 Book Section Bartholomew, George A. 1982 Physiological control of body temperature Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 167-211 Journal Article Bartkiewicz, S. E. D.;Ullrey, E. et al. 1982 A preliminary study of niacin needs of the Bull snake (Pituophis melanoleucus sayi) J. Zoo Anim. Med. 1982 55-58 Reptilia, serpentes, bull snake,Pituophis melanoleucus sayi, nutrition, requirements, niacin Journal Article Bartkiewicz, S.E. 1982 A preliminary study of niacin needs of the Bull snake (Pituophis melanoleucus sayi) J. Zoo. Anim. Med. 13 55-58 Reptilia, serpentes, Bull snake, Pituophis melanoleucus sayi, food, feeding, deficiency, niacin Journal Article Bartlett, R.D.;Bartlett, P. 1984 Random notes on the Asian Batagurine turtle species Pyxidea (Cyclemys) mouhoti and Cuora galbinifrons in captivity Turtle Trust Occ. Paper 24 2-3 Reptilia, testudines, Pyxidea (Cyclemys) mouhoti, Cuora albinifrons, general, breeding, diseases Wunsch Journal Article Barzilay, Sharona 1980 Aggresive behavior in the Wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta Journal of Herpetology 14 1 89-90 aggresion, turtles Journal Article Bas, S. 1984 Biogeografía de los anfibios y reptiles de Galicia, un ensayo de sintesis Animal Behaviour 5 289-310 Amphibia, distribution, Reptilia, Galicia Book Basoglu, Muhtar;Baran, Ibrahim 1980 The Reptiles of Turkey Part II. The Snakes (Taxonomy and distribution, Key for identification) Bornova-Izmir Ege Universitesi Matbaasi ix, 1-218 Book Basoglu, Muhtar;Baran, Ibrahim 1980 Türkiye Sürüngenleri Kisim II. Yilanlar. [The Reptiles of Turkey Part II. The Snakes (Taxonomy and Distribution, Key for Identification)] Izmir, Turkey Ilker Matbaasi x, 218 p. Journal Article Basu, D. 1980 Baby crocs in a valley of death Int. Wildl. 10 1 3-11 CPL, conservation, India Journal Article Basu, D.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 Maternal behavior in the Gharial [Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin)] J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 78 390-392 GG, parental care, India Journal Article Bauer, C.;Forster, M.;Gros, G.;Mosca, A.;Perrella, M.;Rollema, H. S.;Vogel, D. 1981 Analysis of bicarbonate binding to crocodilian hemoglobin J Biol Chem 256 16 8429-35 Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood; Animal; Bicarbonates/*blood; Circular Dichroism; Hemoglobins/*metabolism; Human; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Oxyhemoglobins/metabolism; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Reptiles/*blood; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Crocodilian hemoglobin has a high intrinsic oxygen affinity but does not react with those organic phosphate esters that normally control the oxygen affinity of blood in higher vertebrates. Instead, its oxygen affinity is greatly lowered by CO2. The present study was undertaken to determine the nature of the CO2 binding to the hemoglobin of a crocodilian species, the Caiman, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The following parameters were measured: (a) carbamino compounds of deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin, (b) the effect of CO2 (at constant pH) on the oxygen affinity of Caiman hemoglobin, (c) total CO2 concentration of hemoglobin solutions at different pH and pCO2 values, and (d) the effect of CO2 on CD spectra of Caiman aquomethemoglobin. An analysis of the results of these measurements revealed that CO2 binding in the form of carbamate was not oxygen-linked and cannot, therefore, mediate the CO2 effect on the oxygen affinity. It was found, however, that 2 mol of bicarbonate can be bound/hemoglobin tetramer and that the association constant of the bicarbonate anion greatly depends upon the state of ligation. At pH 7.02 and 25 degrees C, a numerical value of 2.0 X 10(3) M-1 was obtained for deoxyhemoglobin, while for oxyhemoglobin no significant bicarbonate binding could be observed. At more alkaline pH (pH greater than or equal to 7.5), the association constant for deoxyhemoglobin decreases. Circular dichroism of Caiman aquomethemoglobin decreased considerably in the 287-nm region upon addition of CO2 at constant pH, an effect very similar to the one caused by inositol hexaphosphate in human aquomethemoglobin. Journal Article Baumann, W. L.;Huels., M. 1982 Nests of the two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata Journal of Herpetology 16 81-83 Journal Article Baumgartner, R.;Rübel, A. 1984 Documentation of the hemipenis of snakes using radiologic examination. A simple method of determining the sex. Darstellung der Hemipenes bei schlangen durch röntgenologische Untersuchung - Ein einfaches mittel zur Geschlechtsbestimmung, Verhandl. Ber. 26. Int. Symp. Erkrank. Zootiere Brno. 26 183-186 Reptilia, serpentes, anatomy, hemipenis, radiology Journal Article Bauwens, D.;Thoen, C. 1980 An enclosure design allowing quantification of dispersal in lizard population studies British Journal of Herpetology 6 165-168 reptiles, lizards, dispersion, pit trap, method, Journal Article Bauwens, D. 1981 Survivorship during hibernation in the European common lizard, Lacerta vivipara Copeia 1981 3 741-744 reptiles, lizards, activity, temperature, Journal Article Bauwens, Dirk;Thoen, Chris 1981 Escape tactics and vulnerability to predation associated with reproduction in the lizard Lacerta vivipera Journal of Animal Ecology 50 733-743 Reptiles, lizards, Lacerta vivipers, locomotion, speed, escape tactics, costs, reproduction, predation, flight, distance, behavior Journal Article Bauwens, D. 1981 Survivorship during hibernation in the European common lizard, Lacerta vivipara. Copeia 3 741 Reptilia, sauria, European common lizard, Lacerta vivipara, physiology, hibernation, death rate, surviving Journal Article Bauwens, D.;Thoen, C. 1982 On the determination of sex in juvenile Lacerta vivipara (Sauria, Lacertidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 2 381-384 reptiles, lizards, scales, dimorphism, Journal Article Bauwens, D.;Strijbosch, H.;Stumpel, A. H. P. 1983 The lizards Lacerta agilis and L. vivipara as hosts to larvae and nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus Holarctic ecology 6 32-40 reptiles, lizards, parasites, Book Baxter, George T.;Stone, Michael D. 1980 (1985) Amphibians and Reptiles of Wyoming Cheyenne Wyoming Game & Fish Department vi, 137 Journal Article Baxter, George T.;Stromberg, Mark R.;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr n.d. ca. 1982 The status of the Wyoming Toad (Bufo hemiophrys baxteri) Environmental Conservation 348; 338 Thesis Bayless, J.W. 1984 Home range studies of the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) using radio telemetry Journal Article Baylor, D. A.;Matthews, G.;Nunn, B. J. 1984 Location and function of voltage-sensitive conductances in retinal rods of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum J Physiol (Lond) 354 203-23 Ambystoma; Animal; Electric Conductivity; Evoked Potentials, Visual; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials; Photic Stimulation; Photometry; Photoreceptors/*physiology; Rod Outer Segments/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors The functional role and spatial location of voltage-sensitive conductances that modify the light-evoked electrical signals were studied in retinal rods of the tiger salamander. An isolated rod was drawn into a suction electrode for recording membrane current and impaled with an intracellular electrode for recording membrane potential and passing current. A bright flash gave a rapid initial hyperpolarization that relaxed to a smaller plateau. Simultaneously the dark current of the outer segment was shut off with the time course of a rounded step function. This characteristic difference between the wave forms demonstrates that the voltage relaxation does not result from reopening of light-sensitive channels. The voltage relaxation in (2) did not require light or interruption of the dark current, as the wave form was duplicated by suddenly switching off a depolarizing current injected during steady saturating light. This is explained if the relaxation depends purely on voltage-sensitive conductances. The voltage response to a dim flash reached its peak value before the current response. The voltage wave form was predicted assuming that the recorded photo-current drove a linear high-pass filter with parameters derived from analysis of the voltage response to injection of a current step. When the intracellular voltage was changed by current injection the slope resistance of the outer segment slowly declined to a lower level, indicating that the outer segment contains a voltage-sensitive conductance. When a current step was injected in bright steady light, the current recorded from the outer segment consisted of a capacity component proportional to dV/dt and a small extracellular leakage current but no detectable ionic current. This supports other evidence indicating that light-sensitive channels comprise the main or exclusive ionic conductance of the outer segment. The behaviour in (5) is explained if the light-sensitive channels themselves are slowly opened by hyperpolarization and closed by depolarization. Analysis of the current-injection experiments suggests that most of the high-pass filtering in a rod results from the action of voltage-sensitive conductances located in the inner segment. Addition of 10 mM-CsCl to the Ringer solution abolished the relaxation in the voltage response to a bright flash but left intact the high-pass filtering of small signals. This would be explained by a selective block of one of two sets of voltage-sensitive channels in the inner segment or by a voltage- sensitive block of one kind of channel. Journal Article Bea, A.;Bas, S.;Braña, F.;Saint Girons, Hubert 1984 Morphologie comparée et répartition de Vipera seoanei Lataste, 1879, en Espagne Amphibia-Reptilia 5 395-410 Journal Article Bean, Michael J. 1980 Sea turtle conservation Science 207 1297 Journal Article Bech, R. 1982 Concerning manatenance and breeding of Chamaeleo jacksonii in the Terrarium Zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Chamaeleon jacksonii im Terrarium Aquar. Terrar. Berlin 29 99-103 Reptilia, sauria, Chamaeleo jacksonii, propagation, management, breeding Journal Article Bechtel, H.B.;Bechtel, E. 1981 Albinism in the snake Elaphe obsoleta J. Herpetol. 15 397-402 Reptilia, serpentes, Elaphe obsoleta, anatomy, albinism, genetics Journal Article Bechtel, Elizabeth R.;Whitecar, Terrence 1983 Genetics of striping in the gopher snake, Pitouphis melanoleucus Journal of Herpetology 17 4 362-370 Lampropeltis getulus getula californiae calligaster Journal Article Beck, Daniel;Coombs, Eric 1984 The current status of the Paradise Canyon, Utah, desert tortoise population Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 43-50 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Becker, H. 1983 The treatment of colds in Testudo graeca. Behandlung von Erkältungen bei Testudo graeca.. Die Schildkröte 3 83 31-32 Reptilia, testudines, Testudo graeca., pathology, pneumonia, therapy Journal Article Beehler, B. A.;Sauro, A.M. 1983 Aerobic bacterial isolates and sensitivities in a captive reptile population Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet 198-201 Reptiles, infection, bacteria, aerobic bacteria, sensitivity, population Reprint Endnote 93/270 Journal Article Behler, J.I.;Brazaitis, P. 1982 The Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis), its status and propagation in captivity Der Zoologischen Garten 52 73-77 reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, Alligator sinensis, propagation Reprint vet path. spec. anim 82, 138 Journal Article Behler, J.L.;Joanen, T. 1982 Captive management of the Chinese alligator Ann. Proc. AAZPA 1982 424-429 AS, captive breeding, Journal Article Behler, J.L.;Brazaitis, P.;Joanen, T. 1982 The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis), its status and propagation in captivity Zool Garten N.F., Jena 52 2 73-77 AS, distribution, conservation, captive breeding, LA Journal Article Beiswenger, R. E. 1981 Predation by gray jays on aggregating tadpoles of the boreal toad (Bufo boreas) Copeia 1981 2 459-460 Journal Article Beiswenger, R. E. 1981 Predation of grey jays on aggregating tadpoles of the boreal toad (Bufo boreas) Copeia 1981 459-460 Journal Article Bekker, R. 1984/1985 Predation on cane toads (Bufo marinus) Herpetofauna 16 1-2 52-53 Bufo marinus; Predation Journal Article Belgum, J. H.;Dvorak, D. R.;McReynolds, J. S. 1982 Sustained synaptic input to ganglion cells of mudpuppy retina J Physiol (Lond) 326 91-108 Animal; Cobalt/pharmacology; Darkness; Electric Conductivity; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Necturus maculosus; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology; Retina/*cytology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Synapses/*physiology Journal Article Bellairs, Angus d'A.;Gans, Carl 1983 A reinterpretation of the amphisbaenian orbitosphenoid Nature 302 5905 243-244 Book Section Bellairs, Angus d'A. 1984 Closing address with comments on the organ of Jacobson and the evolution of squamata, and on the intermandibular connection in squamates Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 665-683 Journal Article Belling, T.H. Jr, Davidson, J.P. 1983 Abdominal surgery in a gila monster Vet. Med., Small Anim. Clin. 78 967 Reptilia, sauria, gila monster, pathology, surgery Journal Article Bello-Reuss, E.;Grady, T. P.;Reuss, L. 1981 Mechanism of the effect of cyanide on cell membrane potentials in Necturus gall-bladder epithelium J Physiol (Lond) 314 343-57 Absorption; Animal; Biological Transport/drug effects; Calcimycin/pharmacology; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects; Cyanides/*pharmacology; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium/drug effects/physiology; Gallbladder/metabolism/*physiology; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Necturus maculosus; Quinine/pharmacology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. Addition of sodium cyanide to the mucosal or the serosal medium bathing the isolated gall-bladder of Necturus maculosus causes hyperpolarization of both apical and basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells. The effect of cyanide is practically immediate, reversible (if exposure is brief), and long-lasting (greater than 30 min). 2. The hyperpolarization is accompanied by: (a) reduction of the equivalent resistance of the cell membranes, as shown by cable analysis and input resistance measurements, and (b) increase of the potassium selectivity of both cell membranes, as evidenced by the effects of external substitutions of potassium for sodium on cell membrane potentials. We conclude that the cyanide-induced hyperpolarization is caused mainly or exclusively by an increase of the potassium permeability of the cell membranes. 3. Addition of the calcium ionophore A23187 (5 microM) to the mucosal medium in the presence of 1 mM-calcium caused similar effects to those produced by cyanide. After either cyanide or A23187, addition of the other agent did not cause further membrane potential changes. 4. Quinine (100 microM, mucosal medium) reduced the potassium permeability of the apical membrane both under control conditions and during exposure to cyanide. 5. We suggest that the cyanide-induced increase of the potassium permeability of the cell membrane is mediated by an elevation of intracellular calcium ion activity, attributable to release from mitochondrial sources. Journal Article Belluomini, Helio Emerson;Autuori, Mario Paulo 1982 Methodology applied in the elaboration of faunal salvage in the region of "Agua Vermelha" hydroelectric power plant. Centrais Energéticas de São Paulo - CESP Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 119-138 Book Section Bels, Vincent 1983 Influence des stress sociaux sur la pathologie des Reptiles en captivite Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 11-21 Edited Book Bels, Vincent L.;Van Den Sande, A. Paul 1984 Maintenance and reproduction of reptiles in captivity. Volume I. Maintenance and Reproduction Antwerp Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp 327 Journal Article Bels, Vincent L. 1984 Ethological problems of the Anoline lizards in captivity Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 85-100 Journal Article Bemis, W. E.;Schwenk, Kurt;Wake, Marvalee H. 1983 Morphology and function of the feeding aparatus in Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 77 75-96 Book Benabib Nisenbaum, M. 1984 Efecto de la temperatura de incubación, la posición del nido y la fecha de anidación en la determinación del sexo de Dermochelys coriacea Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México leatherback/sex ratio/TSD Journal Article Bender, Michael 1981 "Sting" operaion reveals massive illegal trade Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 6 8 1;4 law enforcement illegal trade Journal Article Bennefield, B.L. 1982 Captive breeding of the tropical leopard tortoise Cheochelone pardalis babcocki, in Zimbabwe Testudo 2 1 1-5 Reptilia, testudines, leopard tortoise, Cheochelone pardalis babcocki, food, feeding, propagation Journal Article Bennett, S. H.;Gibbons, J. W.;Glanville, J. 1980 Terrestrial activity, abundance and diversity of amphibians in differently managed forest types American Midland Naturalist 103 2 412-416 movement, relative abundance, clear cutting, deforestation Journal Article Bennett, Albert F. 1980 The thermal dependence of lizard behaviour Animal Behavior 28 752-762 dependency, sprinting, speed, lizards, temperature Book Section Bennett, A.F. 1982 The energetics of reptilian activity Gans, C. and Plough, F.H. Biology of the Reptilia, Vol. 13 New York Academic Press 155-199 physiology, metabolism, Journal Article Bennett, Albert F.;Houck, Lynne D. 1983 The energetic cost of courtship and aggression in a plethodontid salamander Ecology 64 5 979-983 Thesis Bennett, J.M. 1983 Dehydration and drinking in hatchling loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta Journal Article Bennett, Albert F.;John-Alder, Henry 1984 The effect of body temperature on the locomotory energetics of lizards Journal of Comparative Physiology B 155 21-27 Journal Article Bennett, Albert F.;Huey, Raymond B.;John-Alder, Henry;Nagy, Kenneth A. 1984 The parasol tail and thermoregulatory behavior of the Cape ground squirrel Xerus inauris Physiological Zoology 57 1 57-62 Journal Article Bennett, Albert F.;Huey, Raymond B.;John-Alder, Henry 1984 Physiological correlates of natural activity and locomotor capacity in tey species of lacertid lizards Journal of Comparative Physiology B 154 113-118 Journal Article Bennett, Albert F. 1984 Thermal dependence of muscle function American Journal of Physiology 247 R217-R229 Journal Article Bentley, P. J.;Baldwin, G. F. 1980 Comparison of transcutaneous permeability in skins of larval and adult salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) Am J Physiol 239 5 R505-8 Age Factors; Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Chlorides/metabolism; Larva; Membrane Potentials; Permeability; Skin/*physiology; *Skin Physiology; Sodium/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. The electrical properties and transcutaneous movements of Na, Cl, and water were compared (in vitro) in skins of larval and adult forms of Ambystoma trigrinum. Larval skin had a mean transcutaneous potential difference of 6 mV (inside positive) in adults it was 50 mV. Short- circuit current (Isc) was, respectively, about 2 microA x cm-2 and 20 microA x cm-2. Electrical resistances were similar. Passive effluxes of Na and Cl were similar in both forms but Na influx (active direction) was much greater in the adult. Diffusional permeability to water was less in the larval salamander skin. Influx of Na and Isc were increased by vasotocin in the adult but not larval skin. Water permeability was unaffected by vasotocin in either form. The properties of the premetamorphic skin are compared to those of two other urodele amphibians. Journal Article Bentley, P. J.;Baldwin., G. P. 1980 Comparison of transcutaneous permeability in skins of larval and adult salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) American Journal of Physiology 239R 5-9 Thesis Bentley, T.B. 1981 Respiratory physiology of diving in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) Journal Article Benton, M.J. 1984 The relationships and early evolution of the diapsida Zool. Soc. London Symp. 52 575-596 evolution, fossil, Book Section Benton, Michael J. 1984 The relationships and early evolution of the diapsida Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 575-596 Thesis Berger, T. J. 1984 Community ecology of pond-dwelling anuran larvae Journal Article Berry, J. F.;Shine, R. 1980 Sexual size dimorphism and sexual selection in turtles (Order Testudines) Oecologia (Berl.) 44 185-191 reptiles, body size, morphology, reproduction, habitat Journal Article Berry, J. F.;Legler, J. M. 1980 A new turtle (Genus Kinosternon) from northwestern Mexico Contributions in Science Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 325 1-12 reptiles, turtles, species description, distribution, alamosae, morphology, color, key Journal Article Berry, J. F.;Iverson, J. B. 1980 A new species of mud turtle, genus Kinosternon, from Oaxaca, Mexico Journal of Herpetology 14 4 313-320 reptiles, species description, morphology, distribution, relationships, species key Journal Article Berry, James F.;Legler, John M. 1980 A new turtle (genus Kinosternon) from northwestern Mexico Contributions in Science 325 1-12 Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1980 The potential impacts of the draft California desert plan on the desert tortoise in the California Desert Conservation Area Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 137-138 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1980 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 61-67 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, James F.;Iverson, John B. 1980 Kinosternon herrerai Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 239 1-2 Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1980 Report of the August trip to the Mapimi Biosphere Reserve, Durango, Mexico Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 139-140 Journal Article Berry, James F.;Iverson, John B. 1980 A New Species of Mud Turtle, Genus Kinosternon, from Oaxaca, Mexico Journal of Herpetology 14 4 313-320 holotype Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1981 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 49-52 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1982 1982 annual award: Profile of recipient, James St. Amant Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 3-4 Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1982 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 82-83 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H.;Woodman, A. Peter;Nicholson, Lori L.;Burge, Betty L. 1983 The distribution and abundance of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on the Chocolate Mountains Aerial Gunnery Range Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 47-65 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1983 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 44-46 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, James F.;Berry, Cynthia M. 1984 A re-analysis of geographic variation and systematics in the yellow mud turtle, Kinosternon flavescens (Agassiz) Annals of Carnegie Museum 53 7 185-206 Kinosternon flavescens; Geographic variation; Systematics Journal Article Berry, Kristin H.;Turner, Frederick B. 1984 Notes on the behavior and habitat preferences of juvenile desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 111-130 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1984 1984 annual award: Profile of recipient, Betty L. Burge Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 8-10 Edited Book Berry, kristin H. 1984 The Status of the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the United States Report to the U.S.F.W.S. from the Desert Tortoise Council ca. 300+ pages Book Berry, K.H.;(ed.) 1984 The status of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the United States Report to US Fish and Wildlife Service Journal Article Berthold, G. 1980 Microtubules in the epidermal cells of Carausius morosus (Br.). Their pattern and relation to pigment migration. J. Insect. Physiol. 26 421-425 Journal Article Berven, Keith A. 1981 Mate choice in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica Evolution 35 4 707-722 Anura, Ranidae, Rana sylvatica, mate selection, male-male competition, male discrimination, age effects, size effects, nonrandom assortative mating, USA, Maryland, 342 Journal Article Berven, K. A. 1982 The genetic basis of altitudinal variation in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. I. An experimental analysis of life history traits. Evolution 36 962-983 Journal Article Berven, K. A. 1982 The genetic basis of altitudinal variation in the wood frog Rana sylvatica. II. An experimental analysis of larval development. Oecologia 52 360-369 Journal Article Berven, K. A.;Gill., D. E. 1983 Interpreting geographic variation in life-history traits American Zoologist 23 85-97 Journal Article Best, Troy L.;Gennaro, A. L. 1984 Feeding ecology of the lizard, Uta stansburiana, in Southeastern New Mexico Journal of Herpetology 18 3 291-301 diet Journal Article Best, T.L.;Gennaro, A.L. 1984 Feeding ecology of the lizard Uta stansburiana in Southeastern New mexico J. Herpetology 18 291-301 Reptilia, sauria, Uta stansburiana, food, feeding, ecology Journal Article Betancourt, Julio L.;Van Devender, Thomas R. 1981 Holocene Vegetation in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico Science 214 656-658 Journal Article Beuchat, C. A.;Pough, F. H.;Stewart, M. M. 1984 Response to simultaneous dehydration and thermal stress in three species of Puerto Rican frogs Journal of Comparative Physiology B 154 579-585 reptiles, temperature, comparative, Eleuthrodactylus, performance, jumping, Book Section Bezy, Robert L.;Gorman, George C.;Adest, G. A.;Kim, Y. J. 1980 Divergence in the Island night lizard Xantusia riversiana (Sauria: Xantusiidae) Power, D. M. The California Islands: Proceedings of a multidisciplinary symposium Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Natural History Museum 565-583 Book Section Bezy, Robert L.;Gorman, George C.;Adest, G. A.;Kim, Y. J. 1980 Divergence in the island night lizard Xantusia riversiana (Sauria: Xantusiidae) Power, D. M. The California Islands: Proceedings of a multidisiplinary symposium Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Nat. Hist. Mus. 565-583 Journal Article Bezy, R. L.;Webb, R. G.;Alvarez, T. 1982 A new species of the genus Lepidophyma (Sauria: Xantusiidae) from Michoacan, Mexico Herpetologica 38 3 361-366 reptiles, lizards, systematics, species description, tarascae, morphology, variation Journal Article Bezy, Robert L. 1982 Xantusia vigilis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 302 1-4 Journal Article Bezy, Robert L.;Webb, Robert G.;Alvarez, Ticul 1982 A new species of the genus Lepidophyma (Sauria: Xantusiidae) from Michoacán, México Herpetologica 38 3 361-366 Journal Article Bezy, Robert L. 1984 Systematics of Xantusiid lizards of the genus Lepidophyma in northeastern Mexico Contributions in Science 349 1-16 Journal Article Bhaskar, Satish 1981 Travels in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands - 1979 Hamadryad 6 1 2-8 Journal Article Bhaskar, Satish 1982 Turtle tracking in Gujarat Hamadryad 7 1 13-14 Journal Article Bickett, Jan Ellen 1980 A baseline study of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, at the interpretive center site, Desert Tortoise Natural Area Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 174-176 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Bickett, Jan Ellen 1980 A behavioral study of captive Bolson tortoises, Gopherus flavomarginatus, at the Research Ranch, Elgin, Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 143-145 Thesis Bickett, J.E. 1980 Aspects of the natural history of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in southeastern California Journal Article Bickham, John W. 1980 Chrysemys decorata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 235 1-2 Journal Article Bickham, John W.;Bjorndal, Karen A.;Haiduk, Michael W.;Rainey, William E. 1980 The karyotype and chromosomal banding patterns of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) Copeia 1980 3 540-543 Journal Article Bickham, J. W. 1981 Two-hundred-million-year-old chromosomes: deceleration of the rate of karyotypic evolution in turtles Science 212 1291-1293 reptiles, evolution, cladistics Journal Article Bickham, J. W.;Carr, J. L. 1983 Taxonomy and phylogeny of the higher categories of cryptodiran turtles based on a cladistic analysis of chromosomal data Copeia 1983 4 918-932 106, turtle, taxonomy, cryptodira Journal Article Bickham, J.W.;Carr, J.L. 1983 Taxonomy and phylogeny of the higher categories of crytodiran turtles based on a cladistic analysis of chromosomal data Copeia 1983 4 918-932 turtle Journal Article Bickler, P. E.;Nagy, K. A. 1980 Effects of parietalectomy on energy expenditure in free ranging lizards Copeia 1980 4 923-925 reptiles, metabolism, Book Biella, Hans-Jürgen 1983 (1995) Die Sandotter, Vipera ammodtyes Magdeburg Westarp Wissenschaften 84 Vipera ammodytes Book Biella, Hans-Jürgen 1983 (1995) Die Sandotter, Vipera ammodytes Magdeburg Westarp Wissebschaften 84 Journal Article Billing, H.;Ziswiller, V. 1981 Adaptations in the digestive tract of nutritional specialists in the family Colubridae Adaptationen am Verdauungstrakt extrem nahrungs-spezialisierter Schlangenarten der Familie Colubridae Revue Suisse Zoologie 88 4 835-845 Reptilia, serpentes, Colubridae, food, feeding, anatomy Journal Article Birchard, G. F.;Black, C. P.;Schuett, G. W.;Black, V. 1984 Influence of pregnancy on oxygen consumption, heart rate and hematology in the garter snake: implications for the "cost of reproduction" in live bearing snakes Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 77A 3 519-523 101, Thamnophis, cost of reproduction, physiology, live bearing, viviparity Journal Article Birchard, G. F.;Black, C. P.;Schuett, G. W.;Black, V. 1984 Foetal-maternal blood respiratory properties of an ovoviviparous snake the cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus Journal of Experimental Biology 108 247-255 blood respiratory, cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus, viviparity Journal Article Birkhead, W.S.;Bennett, C.R 1981 Observations of a small population of estuarine-inhabiting alligators near Southport, North Carolina Brimleyana 6 111-117 AM, osmoregulation, temperature, activity, NC Journal Article Bissinger, B. E.;Simon, C. A. 1981 The chemical detection of conspecifics by juvenile Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovi Journal of Herpetology 15 1 77-81 reptiles, sense, tongue flick Journal Article Biswas, A. K. 1982 The Jhampan festival of Vishnupur Hamadryad 7 1 6 Journal Article Biswas, S. 1983 Food of Indian crocodiles Hamadryad 8 3 20-23 Journal Article Biswas, S. 1983 Food habits of the banded krait Hamadryad 8 1 16-17 Bungarus fasciatus Journal Article Biswas, S. 1984 A note on food habits of the banded krait Hamadryad 9 1 10-11 Bungarus fasciatus Journal Article Biswas, S.;Bhowmik, H. K. 1984 Range of LIssemys punctata punctata from the foot-hills of Siwaliks Hamadryad 9 2 10 Lissemys p. punctata Journal Article Bixby, J. L.;Spitzer., N. C. 1982 The appearance and development of chemosensitivity in Rohon-Beard neurons of the Xenopus spinal cord Journal of Physiology 330 513-536 Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A. 1980 Nutrition and grazing behavior of the green turtle Chelonia mydas Marine Biology 56 147-154 green; feeding Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A.;A. B. Meylan;Turner, B. J. 1983 Sea turtles nesting at Melbourne Beach, Florida. I. Size, growth and reproductive biology Biol. Conserv. 26 65-77 marine turtles; Florida: Melbourne Beach; reproduction; growth Journal Article Blackburn, D. 1982 Evolutionary origins of viviparity in the Reptilia. I. Sauria Amphibia-Reptilia 3 185-205 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, phylogeny, evolution, development Journal Article Blackburn, Daniel G. 1982 Evolutionary origins of viviparity in the Reptilia. I. Sauria Amphibia-Reptilia 3 185-205 Journal Article Blackburn, D. G. 1984 From whale toes to snake eyes: comments on the reversibility of evolution Systematic Zoology 33 2 241-245 reptiles, snakes, mammals, cetaceans, characters, evolutionary constraints Journal Article Blackburn, DG;LJ, Vitt 1984 Placentation and adaptations for fetal nutrition in a viviparous scincid lizard. Am.Zool 24 3 64A amphibia, reptilia, physiology, reproduction PREX International Database System on Laboratory Animal Science Journal Article Blackburn, Daniel G.;Vitt, Laurie J.;Beuchat, Carol A. 1984 Eutherian-like reproductive specializations in a viviparous reptile Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 81 4860-4863 Journal Article Blair, D.;Limpus, C.J. 1982 Some digeneans (Platyhelminthes) parasitic in the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta (L.), in Australia Aust. J. Zool. 30 4 653-680 Journal Article Blake, D.K. 1982 Crocodile rearing in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 208-209 CNL, farming, utilization, reproduction, growth, disease, Africa Journal Article Blanc, Charles P. 1980 Studies on the Acanthodactylus of Tunisia IV. geographic distribution and habitats Journal of Herpetology 14 4 391-399 natural history Journal Article Blanc, C. P. 1982 Les Iguanas La recherche 139 1398-1408 reptiles, lizards, distribution, Madagascar Book Section Blanc, Charels P. 1982 Biogeographical aspects of the distribution of Malagasy iguanids and their implications Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 38-45 Journal Article Blanc, Ch. P.;Blanc, F.;Rounault, J. 1983 The interrelationships of Malagasy Iguanids Journal of Herpetology 17 2 129-136 reptiles, lizards, relationships, color, morphology, chromosomes, enzymes, systematics, proteins, Journal Article Blasco, M. 1980 Contribucion al conocimiento de los lacertidos de andalucia Monografias y trabajos del departamento de zoologia 1-81 reptiles, lizards, sexual dimorphism, spain, evolution, distribution, morphology, Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;O'Hara, Richard K. 1981 Genetic control for sibling recognition? Nature 290 246-248 Anura, Ranidae, Rana cascadae, tadpoles, sibling recognition, genetic control, aggregation behaviors, schooling, kinship, lab experiment, USA, Oregon, 375 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;O'Hara., R. K. 1981 Genetic control for sibling recognition? Nature 290 246-248 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;O'Hara., R. K. 1981 Genetic control for sibling recognition Nature 290 246-248 Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;O'Hara, Richard K. 1982 Kin recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles: Maternal and paternal effects Animal Behaviour 30 1151-1157 Anura, Ranidae, Rana cascadae, kin recognition, maternal cues, paternal cues, phenotypic matching, genetic recognition, innate components, lab experiments, lab techniques, USA, Oregon Journal Article Blaustein, Anderew R.;O'Hara, Richard K. 1982 Kin recognition cues in Rana cascadae tadpoles Behavioral and Neural Biology 36 77-87 Anura, Ranidae, Rana cascadae, tadpoles, kin recognition, chemical cues, visual cues, auditory cues, lab experiments, olfaction, communication, USA, Oregon Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;O'Hara., R. K. 1982 Kin recognition cues in Rana cascadae tadpoles Behavioral and Neural Biology 36 77-87 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;O'Hara., R. K. 1982 Kin recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles: maternal and paternal effects Animal Behaviour 30 1151-1157 Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;O'Hara, Richard K. 1983 Kin recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles: Effects of rearing with nonsiblings and varying strength of stimulus cues Behavioral and Neural Biology 39 259-267 Anura, Ranidae, Rana cascadae, tadpoles, kin recognition, behavior, lab experiments, choice tests, USA, Oregon Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R. 1983 Kin recognition mechanisms: Phenotypic matching or recognition alleles? American Naturalist 121 749-754 Anura, Ranidae, Rana cascadae, kin recognition mechanisms, spatial distribution, prior association, familiarity, phenotyic matching, recognition alleles, USA, Oregon Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;O'Hara., R. K. 1983 Kin recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles: effects of rearing with nonsiblings and varying the strength of the stimulus cues Behavioral and Neural Biology 39 259-267 Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;O'Hara, Richard K.;Olson, Deanna H. 1984 Kin preference behavior is present after metamorphosis in Rana cascadae frogs Animal Behaviour 32 445-450 Anura, Ranidae, Rana cascadae, post-metamorphic kin recognition, sibling association, lab experiment, USA, Oregon Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;O'Hara, R. K.;Olson., D. H. 1984 Kin preference behaviour is present after metamorphosis in Rana cascadae frogs Animal Behaviour 32 445-450 Journal Article Blazer, VS;RE., Wolke 1983 Ceroid deposition, retinal degeneration and renal calcium oxalate crystals in cultured clownfish, amphiprion ocellaris J.Fish.Dis 6 4 365-376 blindness/nutritional diseases/parasites/diseases Journal Article Bledsoe, B. 1980 Sarcocystis idahoensis sp. n. in deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) and Gopher snakes, Pituophis melanoleucus (Daudin) J. Protozool. 27 93-102 Reptilia, serpentes, Gopher snakes, Pituophis melanoleucus, infection protozoa, apicomplexa, Sarcocystis idahoensis Journal Article Blem, C. R.;Miller, M. A. 1980 The barking treefrog Virginia Wildlife 41 4 16-17 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Virginia, range, distribution, breeding sites, seasonality, Hyla gratiosa Journal Article Blem, Charles R. 1981 Heterodon platyrhinos Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 282 1-2 Book Section Blohm, T. 1982 Husbandry of Orinoco crocodiles (Crocodylus intermedius) in Venezuela Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 267-285 CI, conservation, captive breeding, nest, visual, parental care, reproduction, behavior, agonistic, enemy, South America Book Section Blomberg, G.E.D.;St. Pierre, B.C.;Smith, K.D.;Caddell, S.M.;Pett, S.R. 1982 Simulated population dynamics of crocodiles in the Okavango River, Botswana Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 343-375 CNL, demography, model, farming, utilization, management, Africa Journal Article Blommers-Schlösser, R. M. A. 1981 On endemic Malagasy frogs (Ranidae, Rhacophoridae and Hyperoliidae) Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N.S.) Suppl. 15 217-224 Journal Article Blommers-Schlösser, R. M. A. 1982 Observations on the Malagasy frog genus Heterixalus Laurent, 1944 (Hyperoliidae). Beaufortia 32 1-11 Journal Article Blumenstein, R.;Amenta, P. S. 1981 An interferometric analysis of nucleoli in cultured mesothelial cells Anat Rec 201 1 13-21 Animal; Cell Nucleolus/*analysis; Cells, Cultured; Heart Atrium; Interferometry/*methods; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Myocardium/ultrastructure; Notophthalmus viridescens/anatomy & histology Previous studies have indicated that total nucleolar area and volume remain constant regardless of the number of nucleoli. The question remains whether this relationship is valid for mass. To answer this, total nucleolar mass values were obtained from nuclei of living mesothelial cells in culture possessing one to four nucleoli. The nucleolar mass was calculated using interferometry. The mean total nucleolar dry mass for cells with one, two, three, and four nucleoli was 40 x 10(-12)gm, 38.4 x 10(-12)gm, 39.1 x 10(-12)gm, and 41.4 x 10(- 12)gm, respectively. These data suggest that on the average, each cell had approximately the same total nucleolar dry mass regardless of the number of nucleoli. In an additional study, interferometry was employed to reveal changes in nucleolar mass and concentration during a seven- hour period. It was concluded that the nucleolus is a dynamic organelle, with its total mass varying in time from an average 40 x 10(- 12)gm with a mean concentration of 22.2gm/100cm3. Journal Article Bobka, Marlene S.;Jaeger, Robert G.;McNaught, Donald C. 1981 Temperature dependent assimilation efficiencies of two species of terrestrial salamanders Copeia 1981 2 417-421 Journal Article Bodson, Liliane 1984 Living reptiles in captivity: A historical survey from the origins to the end of the XVIIIth Century Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 15-32 History Book Section Boersma, P. Dee 1982 The benefits of sleeping aggregations in marine iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 292-299 Journal Article Boettger, Oskar 1983 Ein neuer Laubfrosh aus Costa Rica Natur und Museum 1893 251-252 Hylella fleischmanni n. sp. Journal Article Bogart, J. P. 1981 How many times has terrestrial breeding evolved in anuran amphibians? Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N.S.) Suppl. 15 29-40 Journal Article Bogart, J. P. 1982 Ploidy and genetic diversity in Ontario salamanders of the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex revealed through an electrophoretic examination of larvae Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 848-855 Book Section Bogert, Charles M. 1980 (1982) Investigations in the field and laboratory of behavioural thermoregulation in an iguanid lizard Gunawardana, T.T.P.;Prematilleka, L. and Silva, R. P.E.P. Deraniyagala Commemoration Volume Colombo, Sri Lanka Lake house Investments 90-102 Journal Article Bogert, M. 1981 How to teach a Python regius to eat by himself Litt. Serpentium 1 5 186-188 Reptilia, serpentes, Python regius, management, food, feeding Journal Article Bogert, Charles M. 1984 How reptiles regulate their body temperature Hardun 2 22-34 Thermoregulation Journal Article Bohme, W. 1984 Erstfund eines fossilen Kugelfingergeckos (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Sphaerodactylinae) aus Dominikanischem Bernstein (Oligozan von Hispaniola, Antillen) Salamandra 20 212-220 Sauria, Gekkonidae, Sphaerodactylinae, Hispaniola Journal Article Bolaffi, J. L.;Callard, I. P. 1981 In vivo regulation of steroidogenesis by ovine gonadotropins in male and female mudpuppies, Necturus maculosus Rafinesque Gen Comp Endocrinol 44 1 108-16 Androgens/*blood; Animal; Castration; Estrogens/*blood; Female; FSH/*pharmacology; LH/*pharmacology; Male; Necturus/*metabolism; Necturus maculosus/*metabolism; Progesterone/*blood; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Journal Article Bolaffi, J.L.;Lance, V.;Jackson, I.M.D. 1983 Changes in thyrotropin-releasing hormone levels in alligator stomach during fasting Peptides 4 3 311-314 AM, biochemistry, food, LA Stomach tissue of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, contains substantial levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which behaves identically to the synthetic hormone on radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fasting induces a marked increase in gastric tissue levels of this hypophysiotropic hormone, but is without effect on hypothalamic content, suggesting a physiological role for TRH in gastric function of this vertebrate. Journal Article Boland, J.E.;Bell, C.J. 1980 A radiotelemetric study of heating and cooling rates in unrestrained captive Crocodylus porosus Phys. Zool 53 3 270-283 CPR, temperature, Australia Journal Article Bolaños, Róger;Marín, Oswaldo;Medina, Eduardo Mora;Alfaro, Emer A. 1981 El accidente ofidico por cascabela (Crotalus durissus durissus) en Costa Rica Act. Meed. Cost. 24 3 211-214 Journal Article Bolaños, Róger 1982 Serpientes venenosas de Centro America: Distribución características y patrones cariológicos Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 275-291 Book Bolaños, Róger 1984 Serpientes venenos y ofidismo en Centroamérica San José Universidad de Costa Rica 137 Journal Article Bolton, M. 1980 Crocodile management in Papua New Guinea World Animal Rev. 34 15-22 CNV, CPR, farming, utilization, conservation, Australia Report Bolton, M. 1981 Crocodile husbandry in Papua New Guinea Journal Article Bolton, M.;Laufa, M. 1982 The crocodile project in Papua New Guinea Biol. Cons 22 169-179 CNV, CPR, farming, conservation, Australia Journal Article Bolwahnn, Fred L. 1982 A recovery plan for the desert tortoise Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 73-75 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Bons, J.;Saint-Girons, H. 1982 Le cycle sexuel des reptiles males au maroc et ses rapports avec la repartition geographique et le climat Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 107 1 71-86 reptiles, reproduction, male, morocco, distribution, climate Journal Article Boomker, J. 1984 Parasites of South African freshwater fish II Redescription of the African species of the genus Phyllodistomum Braun, 1899 (Trematoda: Gorgoderinae) and the description of a new species Onderstepoort J Vet Res 51 2 129-39 Animal; Fishes/*parasitology; Fresh Water; South Africa; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Trematoda/anatomy & histology/*classification During 1980 a survey of the parasites of freshwater fish was conducted in the Sabie and Crocodile Rivers in the southern part of the Kruger National Park, Transvaal. A new species of Phyllodistomum, Braun, 1899, for which the name Phyllodistomum bavuri is proposed, was found in the urinary bladder of many of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822), examined. The new species resembles Phyllodistomum linguale Odhner, 1902 and Phyllodistomum vanderwaali Prudhoe & Hussey, 1977, but may be differentiated from the former species in that the ovary and the vitellaria are smooth, while those of P. linguale are irregularly lobed. The ovary of P. vanderwaali is irregularly lobed while that of P. bavuri never has more than 3 indistinct lobes. In addition, P. bavuri is much larger than P. vanderwaali. P. bavuri is readily differentiated from the other 4 African species of Phyllodistomum, namely, Phyllodistomum spatula (Odhner, 1902), Phyllodistomum spatulaeforme (Odhner, 1902), Phyllodistomum ghanense Thomas, 1958 and Phyllodistomum symmetrorchis Thomas, 1958. For comparative purposes the African species are briefly redescribed and illustrated. P. bavuri occurred throughout the year and their numbers do not appear to fluctuate seasonally in the Kruger National Park. Book Boonyuen, Tumwipart;Wirot, Nutaphand 1982 [Treatment of Patients bitten by venomous snakes and venomous snakes of Thailand Bangkok xiv + 162 Journal Article Borgens, R. B.;McGinnis, M. E.;Vanable, J. W., Jr.;Miles, E. S. 1984 Stump currents in regenerating salamanders and newts J Exp Zool 231 2 249-56 Amputation; Animal; Electric Conductivity/drug effects; Forelimb; Muscles/*physiology; *Regeneration; Salamandridae; Sodium/pharmacology; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela We report here that a variety of salamanders and newts from differing habitats all drive a steady ionic electric current out of the forelimb stump tip after forelimb amputation. Several hours after amputation the density of this stump current ranges from about 10 to 100 microA/cm2 in most species, and declines with time. In most cases, the magnitude of the stump current is dependent on the concentration of Na+ in the external medium (an artificial pondwater), suggesting that the well- known Na+ -dependent transcutaneous voltage described in amphibia (particularly frogs) is the EMF for this stump current. These measurements add to those previously reported for the North American red spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens), and suggest that electrical changes following amputation of urodele limbs are widespread among members of this group. Edited Book Borkin, L. J. 1981 Herpetological Investigations in Siberia and the Far East Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute 148 Edited Book Borkin, L. J. 1984 Ecology and Faunistics of Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR and Adjacent Countries Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute Vol. 124 150 + 4 plates Edited Book Borkin, L. J. 1984 [Ecology and Faunistics of Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR and Adjacent Countries] Moscow Academy of Sciences of the USSR 150 + 4 plates Journal Article Boron, W. F.;Boulpaep, E. L. 1983 Intracellular pH regulation in the renal proximal tubule of the salamander. Na-H exchange J Gen Physiol 81 1 29-52 Amiloride/pharmacology; Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology; Animal; Chlorides/pharmacology; Female; Hydrogen/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism/*physiology; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism/*physiology; Sodium/*metabolism/pharmacology; Stilbenes/pharmacology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela/*physiology Using pH-sensitive microelectrodes to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in isolated, perfused proximal tubules of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum, we have found that when cells are acid-loaded by pretreatment with NH+4 in a nominally HCO3--free Ringer, pHi spontaneously recovers with an exponential time course. This pHi recovery, which is indicative of active (i.e., uphill) transport, is blocked by removal of Na+ from both the luminal and basolateral (i.e., bath) solutions. Re-addition of Na+ to either the lumen or the bath results in a full pHi recovery, but at a lower-than-normal rate; the maximal rate is achieved only with Na+ in both solutions. The diuretic amiloride reversibly inhibits the pHi recovery when present on either the luminal or basolateral sides, and has its maximal effect when present in both solutions. The pHi recovery is insensitive to stilbene derivatives and to Cl- removal. A transient rise of intracellular Na+ activity accompanies the pHi recovery; there is no change of intracellular Cl- activity. These data suggest that these proximal tubule cells have Na-H exchangers in both the luminal and basolateral membranes. Journal Article Boron, W. F.;Boulpaep, E. L. 1983 Intracellular pH regulation in the renal proximal tubule of the salamander. Basolateral HCO3- transport J Gen Physiol 81 1 53-94 Animal; Bicarbonates/*metabolism/pharmacology; Biological Transport; Chlorides/pharmacology; Electrophysiology; Female; Hydrogen/metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism/*physiology; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism/*physiology; Sodium/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela/*physiology We have used pH-, Na-, and Cl-sensitive microelectrodes to study basolateral HCO3- transport in isolated, perfused proximal tubules of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. In one series of experiments, we lowered basolateral pH (pHb) from 7.5 to 6.8 by reducing [HCO3-]b from 10 to 2 mM at a constant pCO2. This reduction of pHb and [HCO3-]b causes a large (approximately 0.35), rapid fall in pHi as well as a transient depolarization of the basolateral membrane. Returning pHb and [HCO3-]b to normal has the opposite effects. Similar reductions of luminal pH (pHl) and [HCO3-]l have only minor effects. The reduction of [HCO3-]b and pHb also produces a reversible fall in aiNa. In a second series of experiments, we reduced [Na+]b at constant [HCO3-]b and pHb, and also observed a rapid fall in pHi and a transient basolateral depolarization. These changes are reversed by returning [Na+]b to normal. The effects of altering [Na+]l in the presence of HCO3-, or of altering [Na+]b in the nominal absence of HCO3-, are substantially less. Although the effects on pHi and basolateral membrane potential of altering either [HCO3-]b or [Na+]b are largely blocked by 4-acetamido-4- isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (SITS), they are not affected by removal of Cl-, nor are there accompanying changes in aiCl consistent with a tight linkage between Cl- fluxes and those of Na+ and HCO3-. The aforementioned changes are apparently mediated by a single transport system, not involving Cl-. We conclude that HCO3- transport is restricted to the basolateral membrane, and that HCO3- fluxes are linked to those of Na+. The data are compatible with an electrogenic Na/HCO3 transporter that carries Na+, HCO3-, and net negative charge in the same direction. Journal Article Bosch, H.;Frank, W. 1982 Parasite burdens of amphibians and reptiles -a survey of about 8000 cases Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene 277 2 98- Amphibia, Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, crocodylia, infection, helminths, ectoparasites, protozoa Journal Article Bosch, H.;Frank, W. 1983 Häufige Erkrankungen bei im Terrarium gehaltenen Amphibien und Reptilien Salamandra 29-54 vet IB x Journal Article Bosch, H.;al, et 1983 Diseases of amphibians and reptiles Salamandra 19 29-53 Amphibia, urodeles, anura, disease, review 210390 MDL DGB Rept 1 Journal Article Bosch, H.A.J. in den 1983 Snout temperatures of reptiles, with special reference to the changes during feeding behaviour in Python molurus bivittatus (Serpentes, boidae): a stydy using infrared radiation Amphibia-Reptilia 4 49-61 Reptilia, serpentes, physiology, snout, thermogram Journal Article Boschini Filho, J. 1984 Cells of myoepithelial characteristics from tegumentary venom glands of Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Amphibia, Apoda) Boletim De Fisiologia Animal 8 65-70 Granular Glands; Electron Microscopy Studies on the tegument of T. compressicaudus, captured in the Amazonian region, were done using EM. The secreting cells of the venom glands, known also as granular glands, are formed by assymetric cells, provided with 1 or 2 nuclei and cytoplasmic extensions. The occurrence of basal lamina, pinocytic vesicles and desmosomes may indicate a probable epithelial origin. These structures may take part in the secretory process of those tegumentary glands. Journal Article Bour, Roger 1980 Position systématique de Geoclemys palaeannamitica Bourret, 1941 (Reptilia - Testudines - Emydidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 1 149-159 Journal Article Bour, R. 1980 Essai sur la taxinomie des Testudinidae actuels (Reptilia. Chelonii) [Essay on the taxonomy of modern Testudinidae (Reptilia Chelonii)] Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, 4th Ser., Sec. A 4 2 541-546 Journal Article Bour, R.;Dubois, A. 1984 Nomenclature ordinale et familiale des tortues (Reptilia) Palaeochelonologica 1 77-86 Journal Article Bour, R.;Dubois, A. 1984 Comment on the application concerning Sternotherus Gray, 1825 and Pelusios Wagler, 1830 Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 41 198-205 Journal Article Bour, R. 1984 L'identite de Testudo gigantea Schweigger, 1812 (Reptilia. Chelonii) Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, 4th Ser. 6 1 159-175 Journal Article Bour, R. 1984 Les tortues terrestres geantes des iles de l'Ocean Indien Occidental: Donnes geographiques, taxonomiques et phylogenetiques Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, Vol. Especial 1. Studia Palaeocheloniologica 1 17-76 Journal Article Bourquin, O.;Channing, A. 1980 Herpetofauna of the Natal Drakensberg: An annotated checklist The Lammergeyer 30 1-20 Journal Article Bouskila, A. 1983 The burrows of the dabb-lizard, Uromastyx aegyptius Israel Journal of Zoology 32 151 Reptiles, lizards, desert lizard, Israel, burrow size, depth, activity Book Bouskila, A. 1984 Hardun, Journal of the Israel Herpetological Information Center 72 Reptiles, amphibians, Hebrew, Israel, Journal Article Bowen, S. H. 1980 Detrital nonprotein amino acids are the key to rapid growth in Tilapia in Lake Valencia, Venezuela. Science 207 1216-1218 Journal Article Bowker, Richard G. 1980 Sound production in Cnemidophorus gularis Journal of Herpetology 14 2 187 voice, lizards Edited Book Bowman, Robert I.;Berson, Margaret;Leviton, Alan E. 1983 Patterns of Evolution in Galapagos Organisms San Francisco Pacific Division, AAAS 568 Journal Article Boyce, Mark S. 1984 Restitution of r- and k-selection as a model of density-dependent natural selection Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15 427-447 Journal Article Boyce, W.;Cardeilhac, P.;Lane, C. Buergelt, C.;King, M. 1984 Sebekiosis in captive alligator hatchlings J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 185 11 1419-1420 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, alligator, infection, bacteria, sebekia 210390 MDL DGB Rept 12 Journal Article Boyce, W.;Cardeilhac, P.;Lane, T.;Buergelt, C.;King, M. 1984 Sebekiosis in captive alligator hatchlings J Am Vet Med Assoc 185 11 1419-20 Alligators and Crocodiles/*parasitology; Animal; Animal Feed/adverse effects; Arthropods; Cyprinodontiformes; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary; Florida; Food Contamination; Hemorrhage/veterinary; Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary; Reptiles/*parasitology Journal Article Boyd, C.A.R.;Ward, M.R. 1981 Oligopeptide absorption: microelectrode evidence for more than one dipeptide transport system in Necturus maculosus J. Physiol (London) 318 64 pp Amphibia, urodela, Necturus maculosus, physiology, digestion, dipeptides, transport Journal Article Boyd, C. A.;Ward, M. R. 1982 A micro-electrode study of oligopeptide absorption by the small intestinal epithelium of Necturus maculosus J Physiol (Lond) 324 411-28 Amino Acids/pharmacology; Animal; Biological Transport/drug effects; Carnosine/pharmacology; Duodenum/*metabolism; Electric Conductivity; In Vitro; *Intestinal Absorption/drug effects; Leucine/pharmacology; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Microvilli/drug effects/physiology; Necturus maculosus; Oligopeptides/*metabolism; Sodium/pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 1. The effects of some amino acids and oligopeptides on the electrical properties of the brush-border membrane of the small intestine of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus were studied in vitro using micro- electrodes. 2. A number of amino acids (glycine, L-proline and L- leucine) and small peptides (carnosine, glycyl-L-proline, L-leucyl-L- leucine, glycylglycine and glycylglycylglycine) depolarized the brush- border membrane. This was associated with a reduction of input resistance. Tetraglycine did not appreciably reduce the membrane potential. 3. Evidence is presented that the electrical effects caused by application of the peptides are not solely due to the effects of the products of peptide hydrolysis. Furthermore there appears to be more than a single system available to the peptides. 4. Stereospecificity is found for both amino acids and peptides but appears to be more marked for the peptides. 5. Peptide-induced depolarizations are less markedly reduced in the absence of external Na+ than are the depolarizations caused by the amino acids. 6. These results are discussed with respect to the mechanism and significance of amino acid and peptide transport in the intestinal tract. Journal Article Boylan, T. 1984 Breeding the rhinoceros iguana Cyclura c. cornuta at Sydney Zoo Int Zoo Yrb 23 144-148 Reptilia, sauria, rhinoceros iguana, Cyclura c. cornuta, management, propagation, food, feeding Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang;Meier, Harald 1980 (1979) Revision der madagassischen Homopholis (Blaesodactylus0-Arten (Sauria: Gekkonidae) Senckenbergiana Biologica 60 4/6 303-315 Homopholis (Blaesodactylus) antongilensis sp. nov. Book Section Böhme, Wolfgang 1981 Psammodromus algirus (Linnaeus 1766) - Algerischer Sandläufer Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas Wiesbaden, germany Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1 479-509 Psammodromus algirus; Europe Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgane 1981 Psammodromus algirus (Linaeus 1766) - Algerischer Sandläufer Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas 1 479-509 Psammodromus algirus Edited Book Böhme, Wolfgang 1981 Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Band 1. Echsen (Sauria) I (Gekkonidae, Agamidae, Chamaelonidae, Anguidae, Amphisbaenidae, Scincidae, Lacertidae I) Wiesbaden, Germany Akademische Verlagsgeseillschaft 520 Edited Book Böhme, Wolfgang 1981 Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Band 1. Echsen (Sauria) I (Gekkonidae, Agamidae, Chamaelonidae, Anguidae, Amphisbaenidae, Scincidae, Lacertidae I) Wiesbaden, Germany Akademische Verlagsgeseillschaft 520 p. Journal Article Böhme, W. 1983 The Tucano Indians of Colombia and the iguanid lizard Plica plica: Ethnological, herpetological and ethological implications Biotropica 15 148-150 Plica, Amazonia, lizard, ethnology Edited Book Böhme, Wolfgang 1984 Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Band 2. Echsen (Sauria) II (Lacertidae II: Lacerta) Wiesbaden, Germany AULA-Verlag 416 p. Journal Article Börner, Rüdiger 1980 Über neukaledonische Skinke des Leiolopisma austrocaledonicum Komplexes Miscellaneous Articles in Saurology 5 1-15 Journal Article Bradford, David F. 1983 Winterkill, oxygen relations, and energy metabolism of a submerged dormant amphibian, Rana muscosa Ecology 64 5 1171-1183 Anura, Ranidae, Rana muscosa, tadpoles, frog, critical oxygen tension, dormancy, energy metabolism, hypoxia, oxygen consumption, oxygen relations, submerged amphibian, lab experiment, USA, California, 413 Journal Article Bradford, D. F. 1983 Winterkill, oxygen relations, and energy metabolism of a submerged dormant amphibian, Rana muscosa. Ecology 64 1171-1183 Book Section Bradford, David F. 1984 Physiological features of embryonic development in terrestrially-breeding plethodontid salamanders Seymour, R.S. Respiration and metabolism of embryonic vertebrates Dordrecht, Boston, London Dr. W. Junk 87-98 Caudata, Plethodontidae, larvae, physiology, egg, development rate, temperature, environmental factors, incubation, metamorphosis, Amphibia Journal Article Bradford, David F. 1984 Temperature modulation in a high-elevation amphibian, Rana muscosa Copeia 1984 4 966-976 Anura, Ranidae, Rana muscosa, tadpoles, body temperature, behavioral thermoregulation, high altitude amphibians, frog aggregations, habitat selection, schooling, USA, California, 414 Journal Article Bradford, David F. 1984 Water and osmotic balance in overwintering tadpoles and frogs, Rana muscosa Physiological Zoology 57 4 474-480 Anura, Ranidae, Rana muscosa, tadpoles, water balance, salt balance, osmoregulation, edema, lab experiments, overwintering, USA, California, 412 Journal Article Bradford, D. F. 1984 Water and osmotic balance in overwintering tadpoles and frogs, Rana muscosa. Physiological Zoology 57 474-480 Journal Article Bradshaw, S. D.;Gans, C.;Saint Girons, H. 1980 Behavioral thermoregulation in a Pygopodid lizard, Lialis burtonis Copeia 1980 4 738-743 Lialis burtonis; Thermoregulation Journal Article Bragshaw, C.;Brisbin, I. L. 1984 Long-term declines in radiocesium of two sympatric snake populations Journal of Applied Ecology 21 407-413 Journal Article Brain, J. B.;Brain, P. 1984 Nostalgia and alligator bite--morbidity and mortality among Indian migrants to Natal, 1884-1911 S Afr Med J 65 3 98-102 Attitude; Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology/history/mortality; *History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; *History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Hospitalization; Human; India/ethnology; Malaria/epidemiology/history/mortality; Nutrition Disorders/epidemiology; Pneumonia/mortality; Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/history/mortality; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology; South Africa; Suicide/epidemiology; Transients and Migrants; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/mortality Reported causes of death (1899-1911) and of admission to hospital (1884- 1910) of Indian migrants to Natal are analysed, and an attempt is made to relate them to the circumstances and way of life of the community. The most frequently reported causes of death were pneumonia, enteritis and pulmonary tuberculosis; the commonest reason for admission was venereal disease. Fluctuations in reported mortality and morbidity from year to year were most marked for malaria, with a formidable epidemic in 1905-1906. Typhoid fever and diphtheria were uncommon, as were diabetes and the sequelae of arteriosclerosis. Journal Article Bramble, D.M. 1980 Turtles and crocodiles as indicators of Cenozoic hydrologic history Geol. Soc. Amer. 12 23 fossil Book Section Bramble, D.M. 1980 Feeding tortoises and mammals: why so similar? Annual Meeting of American Soc. of Zoologists, American Microscopial Soc., American Soc. of Limnology & Oceanography, Animal Behavior Society, Canadian Soc. of Zoologists, Ecological Soc. of American (sic? - RHC), Soc. of Systematic Zoology ... Seattle, WA Journal Article Bramble, D.M. 1982 Scaptochelys: Generic revision and evolution of gopher tortoises Copeia 4 852-867 Journal Article Brana, F. 1983 La reproduccion en los saurios de asturias (Reptilia: Squamata): Ciclos gonadales, fecundidad y modalidades reproductoras Revista de Biologia de la Universidad de Oviedo 1 1 29-50 Reptiles, lizards, fecundity, reproduction, modality, cycles, viviparity, geographic variation of viviparity Journal Article Branch, W. R.;Hacke, W. D. 1980 A Fatal Attack on a Young Boy by an African Rock Python Python sebae Journal of Herpetology 14 3 305-306 attack, python Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1981 Venom yields from three species of side-biting snakes (Genus Atractaspis, Colubridae) Toxicon. 19 2 271-277 reptiles, snakes, poison, toxicity, Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1981 Hemipenes of the Madagascan boas Acrantophis and Sanzinia with a review of hemipeneal morphology in the Boinae Journal of Herpetology 15 1 91-99 reptiles, snakes, museum specimens, comparative Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1981 Venom of the south west African coral snake Aspidelaps lubricus infuscatus Mertens J. Herp. Assoc. Africa 25 2-3 reptiles, snakes, elapidae, toxicity, venom, Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1981 Venomous snakes of southern Africa Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 17 4 125-150 reptiles, snakes, poison, venom, distribution, descriptions, ecology Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1981 An annotated checklist of the lizards of the Cape Province, South Africa Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums Natural History 13 11 141-167 reptiles, Africa, lizards, species list, descriptions, Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1981 An annotated checklist of the lizards of the Capr Province, South Africa Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums Natural History 13 11 141-167 Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1981 The Venomous snakes of Southern Africa part II. Elapidae and Hydrophiidae Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 17 1 1-47 Journal Article Branch, L. C.;Altig., R. 1981 Nocturnal stratification of three species of Ambystoma larvae Copeia 1981 870-873 Journal Article Branch, Lyn C.;Altig, Ronald 1981 Nocturnal stratification of three species of Ambystoma larvae Copeia 1981 4 870-873 Journal Article Branch, William R. 1982 Venomous snakes of Southern Africa 3. Concluding part: Colubridae Snake 14 1-17 Journal Article Branch, L. C. 1983 Social behavior of the tadpoles of Phyllomedusa vaillanti Copeia 2 420-428 spatial relationships, Amphibia, frog, Anura, respiration, feeding, Brazil, Amazon, schooling, temporal shifts, cues Journal Article Branch, L. C.;Altig, R. 1983 Survival and behavior of four species of Ambystoma larvae under hypoxic conditions Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology A Comparative Physiology 74 2 395-397 Journal Article Branch, L. C.;Altig., R. 1983 Survival and behavior of four species of Ambystoma larvae under hypoxic conditions Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 74A 395-397 Journal Article Brandon, Ronald A.;Huheey, James E. 1981 Toxicity in the Plethodontid salamanders Pseudotriton ruber and Pseudotriton montanus (Amphibia, Caudata) Toxicon 19 25-31 Pseudotriton ruber; Pseudotriton montanus; Toxicity Journal Article Brandon, Ronald A.;Huheey, James E. 1981 Toxicity in the pltheodontid salamanders Pseudotriton ruber and Pseudotriton montanus (Amphibia, Caudata) Toxicon 19 25-31 Journal Article Brandon, Ronald A.;Maruska, Edward J.;Rumph, William T. 1981 A new species of neotenic Ambystoma (Amphibia, Caudata) endemic to Laguna Alchichica, Puebla, Mexico Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science 80 3 112-125 Ambystoma taylori sp. nov. Journal Article Brannian, R. E. 1984 A soft tissue laparotomy technique in turtles Javma 1416-1417 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, surgery, laparotomy, vet,testu,meth PF x Journal Article Brattstrom, Baynard H.;Bondello, Michael C. 1980 The effect of off-road vehicle noise on three species of desert vertebrates [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 1365 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Brattstrom, B. H. 1982 Breeding of the green sea turtle Chelonis mydas, on the islas Revillagigedo, Mexico Herp Review 13 3 71 reptiles, turtles, reproduction, nests Journal Article Brattstrom, B. H. 1982 A comparison of the social behavior of Urosaurus auriulatus and U. clarionensis on the Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico Herp Review 13 1 11-12 reptiles, lizards Journal Article Braun, Pedro Canisio;Braun, Cristina Assunção Sirangelo 1980 Lista prévia dos anfibios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Iheringia 56 121-146 Journal Article Braun, Pedro Canisio;Braun, Cristina Assunção Sirangelo;Pineda, Maria Dolores Scuyler 1980 Observações sobre o comportamento alimentar de Ceratophrys ornata (Bell, 1843) em cativeiro Rev. Brasil. Biol. 40 2 401-403 Journal Article Brauth, Steven E.;Kitt, Cheryl A. 1980 The Paleostriatal system of Caiman crocodilus Journal of Comparative Neurology 189 437-465 Journal Article Brauth, S.E.;Kitt, C.A. 1980 The paleostriatal system of Caiman crocodilus J. Comp. Neurol. 189 3 437-466 CCR, anatomy, The organization and projections of the presumed homologue of the mammalian corpus striatum, the ventrolateral area (VLA) of the telencephalon, were investigated in the reptile Caiman crocodilus. The caiman VLA was divided into two major cell fields on the basis of cytoarchitectonic criteria: a rostromedial small celled field (VLA s.c.) and a large celled field occupying the dorsal, lateral and ventrocaudal portions of the VLA (VLA l.c.). Histochemical results indicate that the VLA s.c. contains high levels of both cholinesterase and catecholamine (CA) activity. An intense lacy plexus of CA- containing axons and terminals was found in the VLA s.c. Far less CA activity was found within the VLA l.c. CA activity within the VLA appears to be derived primarily from axons of cells located within a large field of the midbrain tegmentum which is called in this report nucleus tegmenti pedunculo pontinus (TP). In the caiman the VLA also receives projections from the CA-positive cells of the locus ceruleus and from serotonin containing cells of the midline raphe system. Anatomical experiments indicate that the VLA l.c. receives projections from neurons in the VLA s.c. and projects upon these subtelencephalic cell groups: the anterior and posterior entopeduncular nuclei (ENa and ENp), the ventral lateral and ventral medial thalamic areas (Avl and Avm), the dorsal nucleus of the posterior commissure (nDCP), and TP. The VLA s.c. projects upon TP. ENa neurons project upon cells in the VLA l.c. Cells of Avl and Avm receive both paleostriatal and cerebellar projections; Avl neurons project upon portions of the rostral telencephalon external to the VLA. NDCP neurons project upon the optic tectum. The organization and projections oleostriatal complex of the pigeon (Karten and Dubbeldam, '73; Brauth, Ferguson and Kitt, '78) and to the mammalian basal ganglia. The following paleostriatal characteristics appear to be common features in these species and may represent retained characteristics derived from the common ancestor: (1) an ascending catecholaminergic system derived from neurons in the midbrain tegmentum; (2) projections from the basal striatum upon the catecholamine containing neurons of the midbrain tegmentum; (3) an intrinsic cholinergic system; (4) projections upon thalamic cell groups which are also in receipt of cerebellar projections and which project upon telencephalic regions external to the paleostriatum; (5) reciprocal connections between the paleostriatum and the ventral or subthalamus; and (6) projections upon cell groups which project to the optic tectum. The results are discussed in terms of the overall role of the basal ganglia in the neural control of behavior. Journal Article Brauth, S. E. 1984 Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity within the telencephalon of the reptile Caiman crocodilus Neuroscience 11 2 345-58 Alligators and Crocodiles/*anatomy & histology; Animal; Comparative Study; Enkephalins/*analysis; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Telencephalon/*anatomy & histology/cytology; Tissue Distribution Immunohistochemical methods were used to characterize the distribution of staining for leucine enkephalin-like and methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivities in the telencephalon of Caiman crocodilus. Very similar distributions of both leucine enkephalin-like and methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were observed. The greatest accumulations of enkephalin-like immunoreactive material were observed within the ventrolateral area of the telencephalon, a region considered comparable to the mammalian corpus striatum and avian paleostriatal complex (i.e. basal ganglia) on the basis of embryological, anatomical and histochemical criteria. Within the ventrolateral area, many small immunoreactive neuron cell bodies were observed, particularly within the rostromedial small-celled component of the ventrolateral telencephalic area. A rich plexus of fibers displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity invests the entire ventrolateral area including the large-celled subdivision. A system of thick, coarse, radially-directed immunoreactive fibers running between medial and dorsal portions of the ventrolateral area and more ventral portions was observed in this study. Other structures in the caiman telencephalon, containing large numbers of neural elements displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity, were the ventral paleostriatum (a region considered comparable to the ventral pallidum of mammals), the lateral septal nucleus and the nucleus accumbens. The corticoid areas contained far fewer elements displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity, although immunoreactive fibers and cell bodies were observed within the medial, dorsal and lateral corticoid areas, particularly at caudal levels. The dorsal ventricular ridge contains the lowest number of immunoreactive cells and fibers of any structure within the caiman telencephalon although occasional neurons displaying enkephalin-like immunoreactivity were encountered in the dorsal ventricular ridge. The results are compared to the distribution of enkephalin within the cerebral hemispheres of mammals, birds and other reptiles. Journal Article Braza, F.;Delibes, Miguel;Castroviejo, Javier 1981 Estudio biométrico y biológico de la tortuga mora (Testudo graeca) en la Reserva Biológica de Doñana, Huelva Doñana, Acta Vertebrata 8 15-41 Journal Article Brazaitis, P. 1981 Maxillary regeneration in the marsh crocodile, Crocodylus palustris J. Herpetol. 15 3 360-362 CPL, anatomy, disease, Journal Article Brazaitis, P. 1981 Maxillary regeneration in a Marsh crocodile, Crocodylus palustris. J. Herpetol l5 360-362 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, pathology, traumau cheek, regeneration Overdruk Vet pathol. 82/115 Journal Article Brazaitis, Peter;Watanabe, Myrna E. 1982 The doppler, a new tool for reptile and amphibian hematological studies Journal of Herpetology 16 1 1-6 Lampopeltis getulus getula Journal Article Brazaitis, P.;Watanabe, M.E. 1983 Ultrasound scanning of Siamese crocodile eggs Hello, are you in there? J. Herpetol. 17 3 286-287 CS, reproduction, techniques, Book Section Brazaitis, P.;Joanen, T. 1984 Report on the status of the captive breeding program for the Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis in the United States Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 117-121 AS, captive breeding, conservation, US Book Section Brazaitis, P. 1984 Problems in the identification of commercial crocodilian hides and products, and the effect on law enforcement Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 110-116 CPR, CL, CA, CI, CR, CCR, CS, CM, OT, CJ, CC, AM, MN, utilization, Book Section Brazaitis, P. 1984 The US trade in crocodilian hides and products, a current perspective Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 103-109 AM, CCR, MN, CNL, CL, TS, CJ, utilization, US Journal Article Breden, F.;Kelly, C. H. 1982 The effect of conspecific interactions on metamorphosis in Bufo americanus Ecology 63 6 1682-1689 Amphibians, toads, development, behavior, competition, interactions, intraspecific, metamorphic aggregation, metamorphic synchrony, tadpoles Journal Article Breden, Felix;Lum, Andrew;Wassersug, Richard 1982 Body size and orientation in aggregates of toad tadpoles Bufo woodhousei Copeia 1982 3 672-680 Journal Article Breden, F.;Lum, A.;Wassersug., R. 1982 Body size and orientation in aggregates of toad tadpoles Bufo woodhousei Copeia 1982 672-680 Journal Article Breden, F.;Kelly., C. H. 1982 The effect of conspecific interactions on metamorphosis in Bufo americanus Ecology 63 1682-1689 Journal Article Bredl, J.;Schwaner, T. D. 1983/1984 First record of captive propagation of the lace monitor, Varanus varius (Sauria: Varanidae) Herpetofauna 15 1-2 20-21 Varanus varius Journal Article Bregman, B. S.;Cruce., W. L. R. 1980 Normal dendritic morphology of frog spinal motoneurons: a Golgi study Journal of Comparative Neurology 193 1035-1045 Journal Article Breipohl, W.;Moulton, D.;Ummels, M.;Matulionis, D. H. 1982 Spatial pattern of sensory cell terminals in the olfactory sac of the tiger salamander. I. A scanning electron microscope study J Anat 134 Pt 4 757-69 Ambystoma; Animal; Cilia; Epithelium/cytology; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Olfactory Mucosa/cytology/*innervation; Receptors, Sensory/*cytology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The olfactory sac of adult tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and the hitherto unknown variety of the olfactory sac cells has been documented. Regional differences in respect to the composition of the apical epithelial surface border in the olfactory sac have been recorded. Transitions between the olfactory epithelium proper and epithelia with different surface structures have been described. It has been shown that both the roof and the floor of the olfactory sac are mainly covered by sensory epithelium with a surface of uniform appearance. However, the sensory area of the floor is interspaced with non-olfactory epithelial bands. Variations were also noted in regard to secretory cells, cells with conical profiles, microplicae arrangements and populations of microvilli and kinocilia. These differences have been discussed in relation to electrophysiological data which suggest a regional patterning in the response to odours. Journal Article Breitenbach, G. L. 1982 The frequency of communal nesting and solitary brooding in the salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum Journal of Herpetology 16 4 341-346 amphibians, salamanders, reproduction, Michigan, activity, migration, nests Journal Article Breitenbach, G. L. 1982 The frequency of communal nesting and solitary brooding in the salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum. Journal of Herpetology 16 341-346 Journal Article Breitenbach, G. L.;Congdon, J. D.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1984 Winter temperatures of Chrysemys picta nest in Michigan: effects on hatchling survival Herpetologica 40 1 76-81 reptiles, turtles, delayed emergence, nest temperature, winterkill, Journal Article Breitenback, Gary L.;Congdon, Justin D.;Sels, Richard C. van Loben 1984 Winter temperatures of Chrysemys picta nests in Michigan: effects on hatchling survival Herpetologica 40 76-81 reptilia, testudines, chrysemys picta, delayed emergence, nest temperatures, winterkill, turtle Book Brenner, Barbara 1980 A Snake-Lover's Diary New York Random House 96 Journal Article Breuil, Michel 1982 Introduction au peuplement batrachologique de la Forêt des Landes de Gascogne (Dapartement des Landes) [Reintroduction of amphibians to the forest of the Landes of Gascogne (Landes Department) Alytes 1 3 33-41 salamandra alytes obstetricans pelodytes punctatus bombina variegatus conservation Journal Article Breuil, Michel;Paillette, Madeleine 1983 Bilan de l'enquête de repartition des amphibiens en France pour l'annee 1982. [Summary of investigations on the dirstribution of amphibians in France for the year 1982] Alytes 2 1 2-8 Journal Article Breuil, Michel;Paillette, Madeleine 1984 Bilan de l'enquête de répartition des amphibiens en France pour l'annee 1983 et orientations proposees pour 1984. [Summary of investigations on the dirstribution of amphibians in France for the year 1983 and proposed direction for 1984] Alytes 3 1 1-10 Journal Article Breuil, Michel;Jullien, Franz 1984 Sur la presence de Bombina variegata dans le departement du Vaucluse. [On the presence of Bombina variegata in the Vaucluse department] Alytes 3 1 37-38 distribution france Journal Article Brewer, K. J.;Hoyt, B. J.;McKeown, B. A. 1980 The effects of prolactin, corticostreone and ergocryptine on sodium balance in the urodele, Ambystoma gracile Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66C 203-208 Journal Article Brewster, K.N. 1980 An auditory motivator of vocalization in captive Spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) J. NOAH 6 1 14-15 CCR, vocal, Journal Article Brewster, K.N. 1981 Observing the courtship of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc 16 3 53-58 AM, courtship, Journal Article Brewster, K.N. 1982 Behavioral notes on Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc 18 1 7-11 AM, CCR, vocal, behavior, courtship, Journal Article Brinkman, D. 1980 Structural correlates of tarsal and metatarsal functioning in Iguana (Lacertilia; Iguanidae) and other lizards Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 277-289 Reptiles, lizards, feet, function, comparative study, flexion, toes, metatarsals, performance Journal Article Brinkman, D. 1980 The hind limb step cycle of Caiman sclerops and the mechanics of the crocodile tarsus and metatarsus Can. J. Zool 58 12 2187-2200 CCR, anatomy, locomotion, Journal Article Brinkman, Donald 1981 The hind limb step cycle of Iguana and primitive reptiles Journal of Zoology, London 192 91-103 Journal Article Brinkman, D. 1981 The origin of the crocodiloid tarsi and the interrelationships of the thecodont archosaurs Breviora 464 anatomy, locomotion, evolution, Journal Article Brinkman, Donald;Eberth, David A. 1983 The interrelationships of Pelycosaurs Breviora 473 1-35 Book Section Brisbin, I.L., Jr. 1982 Applied ecological studies of the American alligator at the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory: An overview of program goals and design Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 376-388 AM, temperature, habitat, disease, movement, genetics, SC Journal Article Brisbin, I.L.;Standora, E.A.;Vargo, M.J. 1982 Body temperatures and behavior of American alligators during cold winter weather Amer. Midl. Nat. 107 2 209-218 AM, temperature, behavior, SC Journal Article British Herpetological Society 1983 Herpetofauna translocations in Britain-A policy British Journal of Herpetology 6 314-316 conservation Journal Article British Journal of Herpetology 1981 6(5) Journal Article British Journal of Herpetology 1981 6(4) Journal Article Brittingham, Margaret Clark;Temple, Stanley A. 1983 Have cowbirds caused forest songbirds to decline? BioScience 33 31-35 Journal Article Broadley, Donald G. 1981 A review of the genus Pelusios Wagler in Southern Africa (Pleurodira: Pelomedusidae) Occasional Papers of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia, Series B. natural Sciences 6 9 633-686 Book Broadley, Donald G. 1983 FitzSimons' Snakes of Southern Africa Johannesburg Delta Books 376 Book Broadley, Donald G. 1983 FitzSimons' Snakes of Southern Africa Johannesburg Delta Books 376 p. Journal Article Brock, T. O. d;Turner, J. E. 1982 Retinal ganglion cell body response to repeated axotomy in the regenerating visual system on newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) Exp Neurol 78 2 316-30 Animal; Axons/*physiology; Comparative Study; Microscopy, Electron; *Nerve Regeneration; Retina/*physiology; Retinal Ganglion Cells/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tritium/diagnostic use; Uridine/metabolism Journal Article Brode, John 1983 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 42-43 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Brode, John M. 1984 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 64 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Brodie, Edmund D., III 1980 Differential avoidance of mimetic salamanders by free-ranging birds Science 208 181-183 plethodon cinereus notophthalmus viridescens desmognathus ochrophaeus Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Formanowicz, Daniel R., Jr. 1981 Larvae of the predaceous diving beetle Dytiscus verticalis aquire an avoidace response to skin secretions of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens Herpetologica 37 3 172-176 Amphibia; Caudata; Salamandridae; Coleoptera; Avoidance; Antipredator; Skin secretions; Notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1981 Phenological relationships of model and mimic salamanders Evolution 35 5 988-994 plethodon cinereus desmognathus ochrophaeus eurycea bislineata Journal Article Brodie, E. D., Jr. ;D. R. Formanowicz, Jr. 1981 Larvae of the predaceous diving beetle Dytiscus verticalis acquire an avoidance response to skin secretions of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens Herpetologica 37 172-176 Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Formanowicz Jr., D. R. 1981 Palatability and antipredator behavior of the treefrog Hyla versicolor to the shrew Blarina brevicauda Journal of Herpetology 15 2 235-236 predation, amphibia anura Hyla versicolor Palatability, mammal, shrew Blarina brevicauda Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1982 Antipredator adaptations of neotropical salamanders (supergenus Bolitoglossa, family Plethodontidae) National Geographic Society Research Reports 14 77-88 bolitoglossa subpalmata cerroensis chiropterotriton picadoi oedipina poelzi uniformis robusta englehardti flavimembris franklini morio resplendes bromeliacia pseudoeurycea brunnata goebeli rostrata rex occidentalis smithi thorius macdougalli dimidiatus multidentatus Book Section Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1983 Antipredator adaptations of salamanders: Evolution and convergence among terrestrial species Margaris, N. S.;Arianoutsou-Faraggitaki, M. and Reiter, R. J. Plant, Animal, and Microbial Adaptations to Terrestrial Environment Plenum Publishing 109-133 Journal Article Brodie, E. D., Jr. ;D. R. Formanowicz, Jr. 1983 Prey size preference of predators: differential vulnerability of larval anurans Herpetologica 39 67-75 Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Formanowicz Jr., D. R. 1983 Prey size preference of predators: Differential vulnerability of larval anurans Herpetologica 39 1 67-75 larva size, Amphibia, anura, depredadores: Dytiscus verticalis, Anax junius, Lethocerus americanus, Belostoms, Ambystoma jeffersonianus, Nothophthalmus viridescens, Presas: Rana sylvatica, Rana clamitans, Rana palustris, Hyla crucifer Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Nussbaum, Ronald A.;DiGiovanni, Marianne 1984 Antipredator adaptations of Asian salamanders (Salamandridae) Herpetologica 40 1 56-68 Journal Article BROER, W. 1982 Erfolgreiche Operation an einem Schlangenbastard. Salamandra 18 115-116 Reptilia, serpentes, snake, pathology, surgery Edited Book Bromlei, G. F. 1981 Rare and endangered animals of the far East of the USSR USSR Academy of Sciences 192 p. Book Section Brongersma, L.D. 1982 Marine turtles of the eastern Atlantic Ocean Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 407-416 Journal Article Brongersma, L.D.;Carr, A.F. 1983 Lepidochelys kempi (Garman) from Malta Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen 86 4 445-454 ridley Journal Article Brook, A. J. 1980 The breeding seasons of frogs in Victoria and Tasmania Victorian Nat. 97 6-11 Journal Article Brooks, D.E.;Jacobson, E.R.;Wolf, E.D.;Clubb, S.;Gaskin, J.M. 1983 Panophthalmitis and otitis interna in fire-bellied toads J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 183 11 1198-1201 Amphibia, anura, firebellied toad, pathology, eye, ear 200390 MDL DGB Amph 3 Book Brooks, Daniel R.;Caira, Janine N.;Platt, Thomas R.;Pritchard, Mary R. 1984 Principles and Methods of Phylogenetic Systematics: A Cladistics Workbook Lawrence University of Kansas Museum of Natural History vi, 92 p. Journal Article Brophy, T. E. 1980 Food habits of sympatric larval Ambystoma tigrinum and Notophthalmus viridescens Journal of Herpetology 14 1 1-6 Caudata, salamanders, larvae, diet, feeding, overlap, resource partitioning, Ambystomatidae, Salamandridae Thesis Brown, K. L. 1980 An analysis of herpetofaunal species diversity along a temporal gradient of loblolly pine stands in South Carolina Book Brown, Walter C.;Alcala, Angel C. 1980 Philippine Lizards of the Family Scincidae Dumaguete City, Philippines Silliman University xi + 264 Thesis Brown, S. N. 1980 Comparative ossification in tadpoles of the genus Xenopus (Anura, Pipidae) Journal Article Brown, C.R.;Loveridge, J.P. 1981 The effect of temperature on oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss in Crocodylus niloticus Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 69A 51-57 CNL, temperature, physiology, osmoregulation, Journal Article Brown, B. A. 1981 Extra limbs in the small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum Proceedings Of The Indiana Academy Of Science 90 443-445 Journal Article Brown, D.;Grosso, A.;Sousa., R. C. de 1981 The amphibian epidermis: distribution of mitochondria-rich cells and the effect of oxytocin J. Cell Sci. 52 197-213 Journal Article Brown, L. E.;Smith, H. M. 1982 Rana spehenocephala Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 39 2 84-90 Journal Article Brown, W. C.;Alcala, A. C. 1982 A new cave Platymantis (Amphibia: Ranidae) from the Philippine Islands Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 2 386-391 amphibians, frogs, species description, morphology, Book Section Brown, William S.;Parker, William S. 1982 Niche dimensions and resource partitioning in a Great Basin Desert snake community Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 59-81 Coluber constrictor mormon masticophis taeniatus pituophis melanoleucus Utah Journal Article Brown, B. A.;Cudmore, W. W.;Whitaker, J. O., Jr. 1982 Miscellaneous notes on Ambystoma texanum in Vigo County, Indiana Proceedings Of The Indiana Academy Of Science 92 473-478 Journal Article Brown, W. C. 1983 A new species of Emoia Reptilia, Sauria, (Scincidae) from New Britain Steenstrupia 8 17 317-324 reptiles, lizards, species description, relationships, morphology, species list Journal Article Brown, W. S.;MacLean, F. M. 1983 Conspecific scent-trailing by newborn timber rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus Herpetologica 39 4 430-436 reptiles, snakes, pheromone, communal denning Journal Article Brown, P. S.;Brown, S. C.;Bisceglio, I. T.;Lemke, S. M. 1983 Breeding condition, temperature, and the regulation of salt and water by pituitary hormones in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Gen Comp Endocrinol 51 2 292-302 Animal; *Breeding; Corticotropin/administration & dosage; Hypophysectomy; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Osmosis; Permeability; Prolactin/*physiology; Salamandridae/*physiology; Skin/metabolism/physiology; Skin Physiology; Sodium/blood; Sodium Chloride/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Temperature; Water/metabolism In vivo integumental transepithelial potential (TEP) in the Eastern red- spotted newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) increases linearly with external [Na+] from 0.1 to 10 mM and is anion independent. Both integumental TEP and osmotic permeability are higher in laboratory- conditioned (LC, terrestrial) than in breeding-condition (BC, aquatic) newts at temperatures of 5-25 degrees. Prolactin (PRL) treatment of LC newts decreased both TEP and rate of water uptake. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) treatment resulted in a substantial increase in water uptake in LC newts, while little or no AVT response was seen in PRL-treated or BC newts. Hypophysectomy (HX) or ergocryptine treatment increased TEP in BC newts, whereas HX + PRL maintained TEP at control levels. Although ergocryptine and HX were without effect on water uptake in BC newts kept at 5 degrees for 9 days, HX + ACTH increased water uptake. HX produced a substantial fall in serum [Na+] in BC newts, while either PRL or ACTH replacement elevated serum [Na+]. Combined ACTH and PRL treatment returned serum [Na+] to control levels. These data suggest that high endogenous prolactin plays a significant role in maintaining serum [Na+] and integumental permeability and transport characteristics in breeding-condition N. viridescens. Although PRL and ACTH are both sodium retaining in the aquatic breeding stage, these two hormones promote opposite effects on the integument; PRL decreases both water uptake and integumental TEP, whereas ACTH (presumably acting through the adrenals) increases water uptake and possibly TEP. Journal Article Brown, J.N.B. 1983 The loggerhead turtle - Caretta caretta Emirates Nat. Hist. Group Bull. 21 12 Journal Article Brown, T. E.;A. W. Morley, N. T. Sanderson;Tait., R. D. 1983 Report of a large fishkill resulting from natural acid water conditions in Australia J. Fish Biol. 22 335-350 Journal Article Brown, W. S.;Parker, W. S. 1984 Growth, reproduction and demography of the racer, Coluber constrictor mormon, in northern Utah Univ. Kan. Mus. Nat. Hist. Special Publ. 10 13-40 reptiles, body size, population, eggs, Journal Article Brown, W. S.;Gannon, V. P. J.;Secoy, D. M. 1984 Paint-marking the rattle of rattlesnakes Herp Review 15 3 75-76 reptiles, snakes, Crotalus Journal Article Brown, W. S. 1984 Background information for the protection of the timber rattlesnake in New York State Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 19 3 94-97 reptiles, snakes, Crotalus horridus, conservation, Journal Article Browne-Cooper, Robert 1983/1984 Notes on the reproduction of the bearded dragon Pogona minor Herpetofauna 15 1-2 49 Pogona minor Journal Article Brownlie, S.;Loveridge, J. P. 1983 The oxygen consumption of limbed and limbless African skinks (Sauria: Scincidae): circadian rhythms and effect of temperature Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 74A 3 643-647 Reptiles, lizards, metabolism, oxygen consumption, limbs, Mabuya, activity, light, thermal effects Journal Article Broyles, R. H.;G. M. Johnson, P. B. Maples;Kindell., G. R. 1981 Two erythropoietic microenvironments and two larval red cell lines in bullfrog tadpoles Developmental Biology 81 299-314 Journal Article Bruce, R. C. 1980 A model of the larval period of the spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, based on size-frequency distributions. Herpetologica 36 78-86 Journal Article Bruce, R. C. 1982 Egg-laying, larval periods and metamorphosis of Eurcyea bislineata and E. junaluska at Santeetlah Creek, North Carolina. Copeia 1982 755-762 Journal Article Bruce, R. C. 1982 Larval periods and metamorphosis in two species of salamanders of the genus Eurycea Copeia 1982 117-127 Journal Article Brundage, H.M.;III 1982 Ocean travelers Delaware Conservationist 25 1 24-25 Journal Article Bruneau, M.;Magnin., E. 1980 Croissance nutrition et production des ouaouarons Rana catesbeiana Shaw (Amphibia, Anura) de Laurentides au nord de Montreal. Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 175-183 Journal Article Bruno, S 1980 Anfibi di Sardegna Speleol. Sarda 9 1-32 Journal Article Bruno, Silvio 1980 Aspetti Naturalistici Veneti 1. I serpenti del Veneto (Italia NE) I. Morfologia, tassonomia, geonemia Lavori - Societa' Veneziana di Scienze Naturali 5 Suppl. 1-70 Journal Article Bruno, Silvio 1980 L'Erpetofauna delle isole di Cres, Trstenik, Plavnik e Krk (Kvarner, Jugoslavija) Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Tornio 31 3 249-282 Journal Article Bruno, Bartholomew B. 1983 Techniques of captive maintenance for the southern pine snake Pituophis m. mugitus Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 4 8-9 Book Bruno, Silvio 1984 Guida ai Serpenti d'Italia Firenze, Italy Giunti Martello 192 Journal Article Bryant, W.M. 1982 Mycotic dermatitis in a collection of desert lizards AAZV 7-11 4 Reptilia, sauria, infection, fungus, skin 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1980 Systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache II. Amphiglossus astrolabi Dumeril et Bibron, 1839; Gonglyus polleni Grandidier, 1869; Gongylus stumpffi Boettger, 1882, et Scelotes waterloti Angel, 1930 Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 2 2 525-539 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1980 Systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache V. Scelotes praeornatus Angel, 1938, synonyme de Scelotes s.l. frontoparietalis (Boulenger, 1889) Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 2 4 1155-1160 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1980 Systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache III. Les <> de Madagascar: Pseudoacontias Barboze du Bocage, 1889, Paracontias Mocquard, 1894, Pseudacontias Hewitt, 1929, et Malacontias Greer, 1970. IV. Amphiglossus reticulatus (Kaudern, 1922) nov. comb., troisieme espece du genre; ses rapports avec Amphiglossus waterloti (Angel, 1920) Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 2 3 905-918 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1981 Systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache IX. Nouvelles unites taxinomiques pour les Scelotes s. 1. Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 3 4 1193-1204 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1981 Systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache VIII. Les Mabuya des iles de l'ocean Indies occidental: Comores, Europa, Sechelles Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 3 3 911-930 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1981 Systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache VII. Revision des genres Voeltzkowia Boettger, 1893, Grandidierina Mocquard, 1894, et Cryptscincus Mocquard, 1894 Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 3 2 675-688 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1981 Systematique des lezards scincides de la region malgache VI. Deux scincines nouveax Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 3 1 261-268 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, E. R. 1981 Un genre de lezards scincines d'afrique: Melanoseps Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 3 4 1169-1191 reptiles, lizards, systematics, morphology Journal Article Brygoo, Edouard Raoul 1982 Les ophidiens de Madagascar Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 19-58 Journal Article Brygoo, Edouard Raoul 1982 La découverte de la sérothérapie antivenimeuse en 1894. Phisalix et Bertrand ou Calmette? Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 59-77 Journal Article Brygoo, Edouard Raoul 1982 Animaux venimeux de Madagascar Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 15-17 Book Section Brygoo, E. R. 1983 Reptiles, amphibiens et pathologie infectieuse humaine Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 85-86 Journal Article Brygoo, Edouard R. 1983 Jean Muller (1893-1983), Naturaliste du Vaucluse. [Jean Muller (1893-1983), Naturalist of Vaucluse] Alytes 2 4 171 bibliography Journal Article Brygoo, Édouard R.;Roux-Estève, Rolande 1983 Feylinia, genre de Lézards africains de la famille des Scincidae, sous-famille des Feyliniinae Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris 4 1 307-341 Journal Article Brygoo, E.R. 1983 Reptiles, Amphibiens et pathologie infectieuse humaine Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 85-86 Reptila, testudines, sauria, serpentes, amphibia, anura, urodela, infection, bacteria, salmonella Journal Article Brygoo, Edouard. R. 1984 Systématique des lézards Scincidés de la région malgache XV. Gongylus igneocaudatus A. Grandidier, 1867, et Scelotes intermedius Boettger, 1913. Les Amphiglossus du gruppe igneocaudatus Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris 6 3 779-789 Journal Article Brzoska, Josef;Schneider, Hans;Nevo, Eviatar 1982 Territorial behavior and vocal response in male Hyla arborea savignyi (Amphibia: Anura) Israel Journal of Zoology 31 27-37 Anura, Hylidae, Hyla arborea, calling, territoriality, aggressive interactions, Middle East, Israel, 274 Journal Article Brzoska, Josef;Schneider, Hans 1982 Territorial behavior and vocal response in male Hyla arborea savignyi (Amphibia: Anura) Israel Journal of Zoology 31 27-37 Anura, Amphibia, Hylidae, Hyla arborea savignyi, acoustic communication, advertisement call, territoriality, aggresive call Journal Article Buchan, A. M.;Lance, V.;Polak, J. M. 1982 The endocrine pancreas of Alligator mississippiensis An immunocytochemical investigation Cell Tissue Res 224 1 117-28 Alligators and Crocodiles/*anatomy & histology; Animal; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*analysis; Glucagon/analysis; Insulin/analysis; Male; Pancreas/*analysis/innervation/ultrastructure; Pancreatic Hormones/*analysis; Pancreatic Polypeptide/analysis; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology; Somatostatin/*analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*analysis Immunocytochemical methods for light and electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the regulatory peptides present in the endocrine pancreas of the alligator, Alligator mississippienses. The peptides studied included insulin, glucagon (pancreatic and enteric), somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (avian, bovine and human), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, metenkephalin, beta- endorphin, C-terminal gastrin/CCK and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Endocrine cells were detected using antisera to insulin, pancreatic glucagon, somatostatin and avian pancreatic polypeptide, whereas peptidergic nerves were stained with antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. All other antisera were unreactive in the alligator pancreas. The peptide-containing structures were identified ultrastructurally by both the semithin/thin and immuno-gold methods. The results showed that five of the regulatory peptides commonly detected in the mammalian pancreas were immunologically recognisable in the alligator. In addition, the ultrastructural appearance of the peptide-containing cells was clearly distinct from that reported in mammals. Journal Article Buchan, A. M.;Ingman-Baker, J.;Levy, J.;Brown, J. C. 1982 A comparison of the ability of serum and monoclonal antibodies to gastric inhibitory polypeptide to detect immunoreactive cells in the gastroenteropancreatic system of mammals and reptiles Histochemistry 76 3 341-9 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Antibodies; *Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Comparative Study; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/*immunology; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*immunology; Gastrointestinal System/cytology/*immunology; Guinea Pigs; Human; Mice; Pancreas/cytology/*immunology; Rabbits; Rats; Snakes; Species Specificity; Staining; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't A monoclonal antibody raised to gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) has been compared with conventional rabbit and guinea-pig antisera to GIP. Four staining methods were tested and of these the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method proved to give the best results with both the mouse and rabbit antibodies. The monoclonal antibody, when used to stain pancreatic tissue, gave negative results whereas a distinct population of gut endocrine cells was readily demonstrable, suggesting that GIP is not a constituent of the mammalian pancreas. The monoclonal antibody was found to be the most sensitive for immunocytochemistry achieving the titre of 1:10(6) in rat gut. A C-terminal specific antibody, with a high affinity and avidity to GIP, it was clearly the preferred antibody for immunocytochemical studies. Journal Article Buchan, A. M.;Lance, V.;Polak, J. M. 1983 Regulatory peptides in the gastrointestinal tract of Alligator mississipiensis An immunocytochemical study Cell Tissue Res 231 2 439-49 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Animal; Comparative Study; Female; Gastrins/metabolism; Gastrointestinal System/*metabolism; Glucagon/metabolism; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Mammals/metabolism; Neurotensin/metabolism; Peptides/*metabolism; Reptiles/*metabolism; Somatostatin/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism The gastrointestinal tract of the alligator Alligator mississipiensis has been investigated for the presence of immunoreactivity to fourteen regulatory peptides all known to occur in the mammalian gut system. Mucosal endocrine cells reacting specifically with the antisera to neurotensin, C-terminal gastrin, somatostatin, bombesin, secretin, pancreatic glucagon and enteroglucagon were detectable, the distribution of these cells being, in general, similar to the mammalian pattern. Peripheral nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres were detected with the antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, bombesin and somatostatin again with a distribution similar to that seen in mammals. No immunoreactivity was observed with the available antisera to glicentin, motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastrin 34, cholecystokinin 9-20 and met-enkephalin. Journal Article Bucher, Theresa L.;Ryan, Michael J.;Bartholomew, George 1982 Oxygen consumption during resting, calling, and nest building in the frog Physalaemus pustulosus Physiological Zoology 55 1 10-22 Anura, Leptodactylidae, Physalaemus pustulosus, oxygen consumption, calling, nest building, resting, 109 Journal Article Bucher, Theresa L.;Ryan, Michael J.;Bartholomew, George A. 1982 Oxygen consumption during resting, calling, and nest building in the frog Physalaemus pustulosus Physiol. Zool. 55 1 10-22 Physalaemus pustulosus, Leptodactylidae, Amphibia, Anura, Energetics, Anuran communication Journal Article Buffrénil, V. de 1980 Donnes preliminaires sur la structure des marques de croissance squelettiques chez les crocodiliens actuals et fossils Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 3 355-361 age, techniques Journal Article Buffrénil, V. de 1980 Mise en évidence de l'incidence des conditions de milieu sur la croissance de Crocodylus siamensis (Schneider, 1801) et valeur des marques de croissance squelettiques pour l'évaluation de l'âge individuel Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 121 63-76 CS, age, techniques, anatomy, growth, Journal Article Buffrénil, V. de 1982 Morphogenesis of bone ornamentation in extant and extinct crocodilians Zoomorphol. 99 155-166 fossil, morphology, anatomy, Journal Article Bull, J. J. 1980 Sex determination in reptiles Quarterly Review of Biology 55 1 3-21 temperature dependent sex, chromosomes, thermal Journal Article Bull, J. J.;Vogt, R. C. 1981 Temperature-sensitive periods of sex determination in emydid turtles Journal of Experimental Zoology 218 435-440 reptiles, reproduction, thermal, comparative Journal Article Bull, J. J.;Vogt, R. C. 1981 Temperature-sensitive periods of sex determination in Emydid turtles Journal of Experimental Zoology 218 435-440 Journal Article Bull, J. J.;Vogt, R. C. 1982 Heritability of sex ratio in turtles with environmental sex determination Evolution 36 2 333-341 reptiles, reproduction, thermal, comparative, temperature, Journal Article Bull, J. J.;Vogt, R. C.;McCoy, C. J. 1982 Sex determining temperatures in turtles: a geographic comparison Evolution 36 2 326-332 Journal Article Bull, J. J.;Vogt, R. C.;Bulmer, M. G. 1982 Heritability of sex ratio in turtles with environmental sex determination Evolution 36 2 333-341 Book Bull, J. J. 1983 Evolution of sex determining mechanisms Menlo Park, California Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. sex ratio; tsd Journal Article Bullock, T. H.;Bodznick, D. A.;Northcutt., R. G. 1983 The phylogenetic distribution of electroreception: evidence for convergent evolution of a primitive sense modality Brain Research 6 25-46 Journal Article Bulmer, M.G.;Taylor, P.D. 1980 Dispersal and sex ratio Nature 284 5755 448-449 sex ratio Journal Article Burchfield, Patrick M.;Beimler, Theodore F.;Doucette, Colette S. 1982 An unusual precoital head-biting behavior in the Texas patchnosed snake, Salvadora grahamae lineata (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) Copeia 1982 1 192-193 Lampropeltis getulus getula sayi yumaensis nigritus Journal Article Burge, Betty L. 1980 Survey of the present distribution of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in Arizona: Additioal data, 1979 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 36-60 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Burge, Betty L. 1982 Introduction to the TORT-Group Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 10-11 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Burge, Betty L. 1983 Impact of Fronier 500 off road vehicle race on desert tortoise habitat Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 27-38 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Burggren, W. W. 1982 Pulmonary blood plasma filtration in reptiles: a "wet" vertebrate lung? Science 215 77-78 mammals, reptiles, comparative, Journal Article Burggren, W. W. 1982 Air-gulping improves blood oxygen transport during aquatic hypoxia in the goldfish Carassius auratus Physiological Zoology 55 327-334 Journal Article Burggren, W. W.;West., N. H. 1982 Changing respiratory importance of gills, lungs and skin during metamorphosis in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. Respiratory physiology 47 151-164 Journal Article Burggren, W. W.;Mwalukoma., A. 1983 Respiration during chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia in larval and adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) I. Morphological responses of lungs, skin and gills. Journal of Experimental Biology 105 191-203 Journal Article Burggren, W. W.;Feder, M. E.;Pinder., A. W. 1983 Temperature and the balance between aerial and aquatic respiration in larvae of Rana berlandieri and Rana catesbeiana Physiological Zoology 56 263-273 Journal Article Burggren, W. W.;Pinder., A. W. 1983 Temperature and the balance between aerial and aquatic respiration in larvae of Rana berlandieri and Rana catesbeiana Physiological Zoology 56 263-273 Journal Article Burggren, W.;Moalli., R. 1984 'Active' regulation of cutaneous gas exchange by capillary recruitment in amphibians: experimental evidence and a revived model for skin respiration Respiratory physiology 55 379-392 Edited Book Burghardt, Gordon M.;Rand, A. Stanley 1982 Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 472 Book Section Burghardt, Gordon M. 1982 Epilogue: Iguana as Symbol Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 442-444 Edited Book Burghardt, Gordon M.;Rand, A. Stanley 1982 Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications xx, 472 p., 4 plates Edited Book Burghardt, Gordon M.;Rand, A. Stanley 1982 (reprint) Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 472 Journal Article Burgin, S. 1980 The status of the biology and ecology of Papua New Guinea's crocodile, Crocodylus novaeguineae (Schmidt) Science in New Guinea 7 3 163-170 CNV, ecology, distribution, Australia Journal Article Burgin, S. 1980 A review of crocodile farming in Papua New Guinea Science in New Guinea 7 2 73-88 CNV, CPR, farming, Australia Journal Article Burgin, S. 1981 The biology and ecology of Crocodylus porosus (Schneider) Science in New Guinea 8 1 9-37 CPR, ecology, distribution, Australia Journal Article Burke, J.B, Rodgers, L.J. 1982 Gastric Ulceration associated with Larval Nematodes (Anisakis SP. Type 1) in Pen Reared GreenTurtles (Chelonia mydas) from Torres Strait. J. of Wildlife Diseases. 18 1 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, helminth, nematode, Anisakis Book Section Burkett, Ray D. 1984 An ecological study of the cricket frog, Acris crepitans Seigel, R.A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L.;Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics-A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, KS Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 89-103 Book Section Burley, Nancy 1981 The evolution of sexual indistinguishability Alexander, R. D. and Tinkle, D. W. Natural Selection and Social Behavior. Recent Research and New theory New York Chiron Press 121-137 Sexual Selection Journal Article Burnham, Kenneth P.;Anderson, David R.;Laake, Jeffrey L. 1980 Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations Wildlife Monographs 72 1-202 surveys Journal Article Burns, J. M.;Rose, F. L. 1980 Testosterone, estrogen binding protein in sexually mature larvae of Ambystoma tigrinum Gen Comp Endocrinol 41 3 314-20 Ambystoma/*metabolism; Animal; Blood Proteins/metabolism; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism; Estrogens/*metabolism; Kinetics; Larva; Male; Testosterone/*metabolism; Tritium Journal Article Burny, Joël;Parent, Georges H. 1984 Notulae batrachologicae. I. Cri du chat et position cataleptique associes chez la grenouille rousse, Rana temporaria temporaria Linné. [Notulae batrachiologica. I. The cry of a cat and cataleptic position associated with the red frog, Rana temporaria temporaria Linne] Alytes 3 2 70-82 behavior defense Journal Article Burt, D.G.;Chrisp, C.E.;Gillet, C.S.;Run, H.G. 1984 Two cases of renal neoplasia in a colony of desert iguanas J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 185 11 1423-1425 Reptilia, sauria, iguana, pathology, tumor, kidney Journal Article Burton, Thomas C. 1983 The musculature of the Papuan frog Phrynomantis stictogaster (Anura, Microhylidae) Journal of Morphology 175 307-324 Book Section Bury, R. B. 1980 What we know and do not know about off-road vehicle impacts on wildlife Andrews, R. N. L. and Nowack, P. F. Off-road vehicle use: a management challenge U.S. Dept. Agri. Off. Environmental Quality, Univ. Mich. School Natural Res., and Univ. Mich. Extension Service 348 conservation, environmental impact, Book Section Bury, R. Bruce;Campbell, Howard W.;Scott, Norman J., Jr 1980 Role and importance of nongame wildlife Transactions of the 45th North American Wildife and Natural Resources Conference, 1980 Washington DC Wildlife Management Institute 197-207 Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce 1980 Removal sampling of terrestrial vertebrates in arid lands USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-28 480-483 Book Section Bury, R. Bruce 1980 What we know and do not know about off-road vehicle impacts on wildlife Andrews, R.N.L. and Nowak, P.F. Off-road vehicle use: a management challange Ann Arbor USDA Office of Environmental Quality, University of Michigan Scool of Natural Resources 110-120 Journal Article Bury, R. B. 1982 North American tortoises: conservation and ecology Wildlife Research Report 12 1-126 reptiles, gopherus, endangered, habitat loss, management, ecology, distribution, Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce 1982 How to catch Ascaphus Unpublished report 1-6 survey Book Section Bury, R. Bruce 1982 Structure and composition of Mojave Desert reptile communities determined with a removal method Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 135-142 callisaurus draconoides cnemidophorus tigris uta stansburiana gopherus agassizii phrynosoma platyrhinos biomass Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce 1982 North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Wildlife Report 12 viii,126 Book Section Bury, R. Bruce;Luckenbach, Roger A. 1983 Vehicular recreation in arid land dunes: biotic responses and management alternatives Webb, R. H. and Wilshire, H. G. Environmental Effects of Off-road Vehicles. Impacts and Management in Arid Regions New York Springer-Verlag 207-221 Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce 1983 Differences in amphibian populations in logged and old growth redwood forest Northwest Science 57 3 167-178 Journal Article Bury, R. B.;Whelan., J. A. 1984 Ecology and management of the bullfrog United States Dept. Inter. Res. Publ. 155 1-23 Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce;Whelan, Jill A. 1984 Ecology and management of the Bullfrog USFWS Resource Publication 155 1-25 Journal Article Busack, S. D.;Ernst, C. H. 1980 Variation in mediterranean populations of Mauremys Gray 1869 (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 49 17 251-264 reptiles, turtles, morphology, caspica, distribution, biochemical Journal Article Busack, Stephen D.;Ernst, Carl H. 1980 Variation in Mediterranean populations of Mauremys Gray 1869 (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 49 17 251-264 Mauremys caspica; Mauremys leprosa n. comb.; Variation; Mediterranean Journal Article Busack, S. D.;Jaksic, F. M. 1982 Ecological and historical correlates of Iberian herpetofaunal diversity: an analysis at regional and local levels Journal of Biogeography 9 289-302 species diversity, niche, biogeography Journal Article Busack, S. D.;Jaksic, F. M. 1982 Autecological observations of Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Sauria: Lacertidae) in southern Spain Amphibia-Reptilia 3 237-255 reptiles, demography, growth, behavior, predation, survivorship, life span Journal Article Busack, Stephen D. 1982 Ecological and historical correlates of Iberian herpetofaunal diversity: an analysis at regional and local levels Journal of Biogeography 9 289-302 Journal Article Busack, S. D.;Hedges, S. B. 1984 Is the peninsular effect a red herring? American Naturalist 123 2 266-275 biogeography, peninsula, Journal Article Busack, Stephen D.;Salvador, Alfredo 1984 Nuevos datos sobre la distribución de cuatro especies de reptiles en la Provincia de Cádiz Doñana Acta Vertebrata 11 2 322-325 Journal Article Busby, A.B., III. 1982 Electromyography of the jaw musculature of Alligator mississippiensis Amer. Soc. Zool. 21 4 958 AM, physiology, anatomy, food, Book Section Bush, Mitchell;Custer, Randy S.;Smeller, Johanna M.;Charache, Patricia 1980 Recommendations for antibiotic therapy in reptiles Murphy, J. B. and Collins, J. T. Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 223-226 Journal Article Bush, Brian 1983/1984 Male/male combat in the western banjo frog, Limnodynastes dorsalis (Gray) Herpetofauna 15 1-2 43 Limnodynastes dorsalis; Combat Journal Article Bush, Brian 1983/1984 A record of reproduction in captive Delma australis and D. fraseri Herpetofauna 15 1-2 11-12 Delma australis; Delma fraseri Journal Article Bush, Albert O.;Holmes, John C. 1984 Plicatrium visayanensis new species (Digenea: Hemiuridae) from Hydrophis ornatus (Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) from the Visayan Sea, Philippines International Journal for Parasitology 14 1 35-38 parasites Journal Article Bush, Brian 1984/1985 On a common name for the snake, Pseudechis butleri with a description of a colour variant from the eastern Goldfields Herpetofauna 16 1-2 43-44 Pseudechis butleri Journal Article Bush, Brian 1984/1985 Seasonal aggregation behaviour in a mixed population of legless lizards, Delma australis and D. fraseri Herpetofauna 16 1-2 1-6 Delma australis; Delma fraseri Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Singh, L.A.K. 1980 Growth in the gharial Brit. J. Herp. 6 107 GG, growth, size, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Maharana, S. 1980 First captive breeding of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) Brit. J. Herp. 6 3 106 GG, captive breeding, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Choudhury, B.C. 1980 Long distance movement of a saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Brit. J. Herp. 6 87 CPR, movement, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Choudhury, B.C. 1980 Conservation future of the Saltwater croco- dile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider) in India J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 2 201-214 CPR, conservation, distribution, utilization, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R. 1980 The government of India crocodile project Cheetal 22 1&2(15 Nov.) CPR, CPL, GG, conservation, captive breeding, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R. 1980 Status of the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus Gmelin) in Bhutan J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 150 GG, distribution, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R. 1980 Extinction of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in Bhutan Brit. J. Herp. 6 2 68 GG, conservation, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R. 1980 Clutch size, incubation and hatching success of Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin))eggs from Narayani River, Nepal, 1976-1978 J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 1 100-105 GG, reproduction, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R. 1980 Maternal care in the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) Brit. J. Herp. 6 2 63-64 GG, parental care, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Maharana, S. 1981 Fatal male-male conflict in the gharial,Gavialis gangetic (Gmelin) (Reptilia,Crocodilia) J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 78 171-173 GG, behavior, agonistic, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Kar, S.K. 1981 Territoriality in immature captive Saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus Schneider) J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 148-149 CPR, agonistic, behavior, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Kar, S.K. 1981 Defence of the nest against man by the Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider) J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 514-515 CPR, parental care, attack, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Choudhury, B.C. 1981 Parental care in the Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and management implications J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 64-49 CPR, parental care, management, attack, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Choudhury, B.C. 1981 Marking crocodiles for release back into the wild for subsequent identification Indian Forester 107 8 477-485 GG, CPR, CPL, techniques, India Report Bustard, H.R.;Singh, L.A.K. 1982 An annotated bibliography on Indian crocodilians Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Singh, L.A.K. 1982 Gharial attacks on man J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 78 610-611 GG, attack, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Singh, L.A.K. 1982 Age at onset of sexual maturity in male Indian mugger (Crocodylus palustris, Lesson) reared under ideal husbandry conditions in captivity J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 79 607-608 CPL, reproduction, age, growth, size, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Maharana, S. 1982 The behaviour of the nest-guarding Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider) - A preliminary quantitative study J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 79 87-92 CPR, parental care, behavior, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Maharana, S. 1982 Size at first breeding in the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin)) (Reptilia, Crocodilia) in captivity J.Bombay nat.Hist. Soc 79 206-207 GG, reproduction, size, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Kar, S.K. 1982 Crocodile predation on man Brit. J. Herp. 6 6 222-223 CPR, attack, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R.;Singh, L.A.K. 1983 Movement of wild gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) in the River Mahanadi, Orissa (India) Brit. J. Herp. 6 8 287-291 GG, distribution, ecology, demography, behavior, India Journal Article Bustard, H.R. 1984 Breeding the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): Captive breeding a key conservation strategy for endangered crocodilians Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 52 385-406 GG, conservation, farming, captive breeding, reproduction, India Book Section Bustard, H. Robert 1984 Breeding the Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): Captive breeding a key conservation strategy for endangered crocodilians Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 385-406 Journal Article Buth, Donald G.;Gorman, George C.;Lieb, Carl S. 1980 Genetic divergence between Anolis carolinensis and its Cuban progenitor, Anolis porcatus Journal of Herpetology 14 3 279-284 Reptiles, lizards, anoles, Anolis carolinensis, Anolis porcatus, genetic divergence, electrophoresis, systematics, Cuba, Texas, Georgia Journal Article Buth, Donald G.;Gorman, George C.;Lieb, Carl S. 1980 Genetic Divergence Between Anolis carolinensis and it's Cuban Progenitor, Anolis porcatus Journal of Herpetology 14 3 279-284 anoles Journal Article Butner, Alfred N. 1981 Envenomation coagulation from snake bites New England Journal of Medicine 305 22 1347 Book Buys, P. J.;Buys, P. J. C. 1980 Snakes of South West Africa Windhoek, S.A. Gamsberg Publishers 64 Book Bücherl, Wolfgang 1980 Acúleos Que Matam: No Mundo dos Animis Peçonhentos São Paulo Livraria Kosmos Editora 152 + 26 plates Book Section Cadieux, C. 1981 The American crocodile Chap 4 These are the Endangered. 18-23 CA, conservation Book Section Cadieux, C. 1981 The American alligator Chap 16 These are the Endangered. 86-88 AM, conservation Journal Article Cadle, John E.;Sarich, Vincent M. 1981 An immunological assessment of the phylogenetic position of New World coral snakes J. Zool. Lond. 195 157-167 The New World coral snakes (micrurines), genera Micrurus and Micruroides, have recently been seen as derived from a lineage of South American colubrids, rather than from a common lineage with Old World elapids and sea snakes as traditionally accepted. We compared serum albumins of representative coral snakes, Old World elapids, sea snakes, and neotropical colubrids immunologically. Phylogenetic analysis of the biochemical data unambiguously allies the micrurines with the family Elapidae as it is currently understood. Using the albumin molecular clock calibration derived from other terrestrial vertebrates, we suggest a late Oligocene-early Miocene separation between the New and Old World elapid lineage. This requires a movement of elapid stocks from Asia into North America, and supporting evidence for this model is derived from several paleontological sources. We suggest that a number of extant micrurine lineages have had long independent histories. Journal Article Cadle, John E.;Gorman, George C. 1981 Albumin immunological evdience and the relationships of sea snakes Journal of Herpetology 15 3 329-334 systematics taxonomy evolution hydrophis laticauda micrurus aipysurus demensia bungarus ophiophagus Journal Article Cadle, John E.;Gorman, George C. 1981 Albumin immunological evidence and the relationships of sea snakes Journal of Herpetology 15 3 329-334 Journal Article Cadle, J. E. 1982 Problems and approaches in the interpretation of the evolutionary history of venemous snakes Mem. Inst. Butantan 46 255-274 reptiles, snakes, venom, evolution, phylogenies, systematics Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1982 Problems and approaches in the interpretation of the evolutionary history of venomous snakes Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 255-274 Journal Article Cadle, J. E. 1984 Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes. III. Overview of Xenodontine phylogeny and the history of the new worl snakes Copeia 1984 3 641-652 reptiles, snakes, xenodon, microcomplement fixation, relationships Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1984 Molecular systematics of Neotropical Xenodontine snakes. III. Overview of Xenodontine phylogeny and the history of new world snakes Copeia 1984 3 641-652 heterodon farancia carphophis conophis diadophis contia Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1984 Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: II. Central American xenodontines Herpetologica 40 1 21-30 Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1984 Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes: I. South American xenodontines Herpetologica 40 1 8-20 Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1984 Molecular systematics of neotropical xenodontine snakes. III. Overview of Xenodontine phylogeny and the history of the New World snakes Copeia 1984 3 641-652 Journal Article Cahill, Tim 1983 The gathering time Outside 1983 December/January 27-28 Journal Article Caldwell, J. P.;Thorp, J. H.;Jervey, T. O. 1980 Predator-prey relationships among larval dragonflies, salamanders, and frogs Oecologia (Berl.) 46 285-289 amphibians, South Carolina, food, feeding, behavior Journal Article Caldwell, J. P.;Thorpe, J. H.;Jervey., T. O. 1980 Predator-prey relationships among larval dragonflies, salamanders and frogs. Oecologia 46 285-289 Journal Article Caldwell, J. P.;Thorp, J. H.;Jervey., T. O. 1980 Predator-prey relationships among larval dragonflies, salamanders, and frogs. Oecologia 46 285-289 Book Caldwell, J. P.;Collins, J. T. 1981 Turtles in Kansas Lawrence, KS AMS Publishing 1-67 reptiles, accounts, key, distribution, Book Caldwell, Janalee P.;Collins, Joseph T. 1981 Turtles in Kansas Lawrence, KS AMS Publishing x, 67 p. Journal Article Caldwell, J. P. 1982 Disruptive selection: a tail color polymorphism in Acris tadpoles in response to differential predation Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 2818-2827 amphibians, frogs, color, variation, Kansas, South carolina, predator Journal Article Caldwell, Janalee P. 1982 Hyla gratiosa Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 298 1-2 Journal Article Caldwell, Gloria Sullivan;Rubinoff, Roberta Wolff 1983 Avoidance of venomous sea snakes by native herons and egrets Auk 100 195-198 pelamis platurus Journal Article Callard, G. V.;Canick, J. A.;Pudney, J. 1980 Estrogen synthesis in Leydig cells: structural-functional correlations in Necturus testis Biol Reprod 23 2 461-79 Animal; Aromatase/metabolism; Cytochrome P-450/metabolism; Estrogens/*biosynthesis; Leydig Cells/*metabolism; Male; Necturus maculosus; Steroid 17 alpha-Monooxygenase/metabolism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Testis/*metabolism/ultrastructure Journal Article Camacho, M. G. 1983 Notas de los Crocodilia en Nicaragua Inst. Nicaraguense de Recursos Nat. y del Ambiente 9 CA, distribution, habitat, ecology, movement, food, reproduction, disease, Mexico, Journal Article Camazine, B.;Garstka, W.;Tokarz, R.;Crews, D. 1980 Effects of castration and androgen replacement on male courtship behavior in the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) Horm Behav 14 4 358-72 Androgens/blood/*physiology; Animal; *Castration; *Courtship; Environment; Male; Organ Weight; Snakes/*physiology; Spermatogenesis; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Testis/anatomy & histology Journal Article Cambre, R. R.;Green, D. E;Smith, E.E.;Montali, R.J.;Bush, M. 1980 Salmonellosis and Arizonosis in the reptile collection at the National Zoological Park J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 177 9 800-803 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, infection, salmonella, arizona vet,bakt Fernl x, 210390 MDL DGB Rept 49 Journal Article Cameron, J. A. 1983 Regeneration of skeletal muscle in Notophthalmus viridescens Prog Clin Biol Res 110 Pt A 491-500 Animal; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Muscles/cytology/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Journal Article Camp, C. D.;Sprewill, W. D.;Powders, V. N. 1980 Feeding Habits of Nerodia taxispilota with Comparative Notes on the Foods of Sympatric Congeners in Georgia Journal of Herpetology 14 3 301-304 water snakes, feeding Journal Article Campbell, H. W.;Christman, S. P. 1980 Trionyx spiniferus asperus Herp Review 11 1 14 reptiles, turtles, apalone, geographic distribution Journal Article Campbell, H. W.;Christman, S. P. 1980 Geographic distribution: Trionyx spiniferus asper (Gulf Coast spiny softshell) Herp Review 11 1 14 reptiles, turtles, apalone, geographic distribution Journal Article Campbell, Tom 1981 Some effects of recreational activities at the Desert Tortoise Natural Area Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 121-127 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Campbell, J. A. 1982 A confusing specimen of rattlesnake from Cerro Tancitaro, Michoacan, Mexico Southwestern Naturalist 27 3 352-368 reptiles, snakes, museum Journal Article Campbell, J. A.;Ford, L. S. 1982 Phylogenetic relationships of the colubrid snakes of the genus Adelphicos in the highlands of middle america Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 100 1-22 reptiles, snakes, phylogeny, systematics, morphology Journal Article Campbell, J. A. 1982 A new species of Abronia (sauria, anguidae) from the Sierra Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico Herpetologica 38 3 355-361 reptiles, lizards, species description, Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A.;Ford, Linda S. 1982 Phylogenetic relationships of the colubrid snakes of the genus Adelphicos in the highlands of Middle America Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 100 1-22 Adelphicos daryi sp. nov.; New species; Adelphicos veraepacis; Adelphicos nigrilatus; Adelphicos latifasciatus Book Section Campbell, Howard W.;Christman, Steven P. 1982 The herpetological components of Florida sandhill and sand pine scrub associations Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 163-171 gopherus polyphemus eumeces egregius tantilla relicta neoseps reynoldsi Journal Article Campbell, Tom 1982 Hunting and other activities on and near the Desert Tortoise Natural Area, eastern Kern County, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 90-98 gopherus agassizii mortality Book Section Campbell, Howard W.;Christman, Steven P. 1982 Field techniques for herpetofaunal community analysis Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 193-200 Journal Article Campbell, J. A.;Ford, L. S.;Karges, J. P. 1983 Resurrection of Geophis anocularis Dunn with comments on its relationships and natural history Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 86 1 38-47 reptiles, snakes, Mexico, relationships, morphology, distribution Journal Article Campbell, Tom 1983 Some natural history observations of desert tortoises and other species on and near the Desert Tortoise Natural Area, Kern County, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 80-88 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Cancalosi, John 1980 Colorado's garter snakes Colorado Outdoors 29 4 42-44 thamnophis elegans sirtalis Journal Article Canick, J. A.;Fox, C. D.;Callard, G. V. 1984 Studies on cytochrome P-450-dependent microsomal enzymes of testicular androgen and estrogen biosynthesis in a urodele amphibian, Necturus J Steroid Biochem 21 1 15-20 Androgens/biosynthesis; Androstenedione/metabolism; Animal; Aromatase/metabolism; Carbon Monoxide/pharmacology; Cytochrome P-450/*metabolism; Estrogens/biosynthesis; Human; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes/enzymology; Necturus/*metabolism; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/metabolism; Progesterone/metabolism; Steroid 17 alpha-Monooxygenase/metabolism; Steroids/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Testis/*enzymology; Testosterone/metabolism The microsomal fraction isolated from the testis of the urodele amphibian, Necturus maculosus, is very rich in cytochrome P-450 and three cytochrome P-450-dependent steroidogenic enzyme activities, 17 alpha-hydroxylase, C-17, 20-lyase, and aromatase. In this study, we investigated aspects of these reactions using both spectral and enzyme techniques. In animals obtained at different points in the annual cycle, Necturus testis microsomal P-450 concentrations ranged from 0.6- 1.8 nmol/mg protein. Substrates for the three enzymes generated type I difference spectra; progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone appeared to bind to one P-450 species while the aromatase substrates, androstenedione, 19-hydroxyandrostenedione, and testosterone, all bound to another P-450 species. Spectral binding constants (Ks) for these interactions were determined. Michaelis constants (Km) and maximum velocities were determined for progesterone 17 alpha-hydroxylation, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone side-chain cleavage, and for the aromatization of androstenedione, 19-hydroxyandrostenedione, and testosterone. Measured either by spectral or kinetic methods, progesterone, androstenedione, and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione were high affinity substrates (Ks or Km less than 0.3 microM), while 17 alpha- hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone were low affinity substrates (Ks or Km = 0.6-4.8 microM). As evidence for the participation of cytochrome P-450 in these reactions, carbon monoxide was found to inhibit each of the enzyme activities studied. The activity of NADPH- cytochrome c reductase, a component of cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions, was also high in Necturus testis microsomes. Journal Article Cannatella, D. C. 1980 Two new species of Centrolenella from Bolivia (Anura: Centrolenidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington glass frogs, bejaranoi, bergeri, new species, description, distribution, morphology Journal Article Cannatella, David C. 1980 A review of the Phyllomedusa buckleyi group (Anura: Hylidae) Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 87 1-40 Phyllomedusa buckleyi Group; Phyllomedusa psilopygion sp. nov.; New species; Key; Advertisement call Thesis Cannatella, David C. 1980 A phylogeny of primitive frogs (Archaeobatrachians) 1-403 Journal Article Cannatella, David C. 1980 A review of the Phyllomedusa buckleyi group ( Anura: Hylidae) Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History the University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 87 1-40 Amphibia, Anura, Leaf frog, Phyllomedusinae, Agalychnis callidryas, Pachymedusa, Phyllomedusa, Middle America, Mexico, Central America, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Phyllomedusa perinesos, Phyllomedusa tarsius, Phyllomedusa tomopterna, Phyllomedusa rohdei, Phyllomedusa lemur, Phyllomedusa medinai, Phyllomedusa psilopygion, morphology, osteology, tadpoles, key, call analysis, Ecualdor, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Journal Article Cannatella, David C. 1981 A new Atelopus from Ecuador and Colombia Journal of Herpetology 15 2 133-138 Atelopus lynchi sp. nov. Journal Article Cannatella, D. C.;Duellman, W. E. 1982 Two new species of Centrolenella, with a brief review of the genus in Peru and Bolivia Herpetologica 38 3 380-388 Anura, Amphibia, new species, pluvialis, phenax, description, morphology, frog Journal Article Cannatella, D. C. 1983 Synonymy and distribution of Phyllomedusa boliviana Boulenger (Anura: Hylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 1 59-66 pailona, frogs, Amphibia, Brazil, Argentina Journal Article Cannatella, D. C.;Duellman, W. E. 1984 Leptodactylid frogs of the Physalaemus pustulosus group Copeia 1984 4 902-921 amphibians, Ecuador, morphology, descriptions, distribution, audiospectograms, sound, calls Journal Article Cannatella, D. C. 1984 Two new species of the leptodactylid frog genus Phrynopus, with comments on the phylogeny of the genus Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 113 1-16 Amphibians, frogs, new species, description, phylogenetics, relationships, cladograms, systematics Journal Article Cannatella, David C. 1984 Two new species of the leptodactylid frog genus Phrynopus, with comments on phylogeny of the genus Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 113 1-16 Phrynopus nebulanastes sp. nov.; New species; Phrynopus lucida sp. nov. Journal Article Cannatella, David C. 1984 Two new species of the Leptodactylid frog genus Phrynopus, with comments on the phylogeny of the genus Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History the University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 113 1-16 Amphibia, Anura, Eleutherodactylini, Eleutherodactylus, Leptodactylidae, Phrynopus, Andes, Peru, Phrynopus nebulanastes, Phrynopus parkeri, Phrynopus nanus, Phrynopus lucida, Phrynopus brummeus, Phrynopus flavomaculatus, Phrynopus peraccai, Phrynopus pereger, Phrynopus peruanus, Phrynopus cophites, Phrynopus laplacai, Phrynopus montium, Phrynopus peraccai, Phrynopus simonsii, Phrynopus wettsteini Journal Article Canziani, Gabriela A.;Cannata, M. A. 1980 Water balance in Ceratophrys ornata from two different environments Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66A 599-603 Journal Article Capote, S.;Casal, L.;Moncada, M.;Berovides-Alvarez, V.;Sampedro-Marin, A. 1980 Comunidad de gramineas y ciperaceas en una formacion "pata de vaca" Book Section Capranica, Robert R.;Moffat, Anne J. M. 1983 Neurobehavioral correlates of sound communication in anurans Ewert, Jörg-Peter;Capranica, Robert R. and Ingle, David J. Advances in vertebrate neuroethology New York Plenum Press 701-730 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, neuroethology, Journal Article Caramaschi, U.;Jim, J.;Carvalho., C. M. de 1980 Observaçes sobre Aplastodiscus perviridis A. Lutz (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 40 405-408 Journal Article Caramaschi, Ulisses e Jorge Jim 1983 Observacoes sobre habitos e desenvolvimento dos girinos de Phyllomedusa vaillanti Boulenger, 1882 (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Revista Brasileira Biologia 43 3 261-268 Anura, Hylidae, Phyllomedusa vaillanti, S. America, Brazil, habitat, tadpole, 47 Journal Article Caramaschi, U.;Jim, J. 1983 Uma nova especie de Hyla do grupo marmorata do nordeste Brasileiro (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 43 2 195-198 soaresi, new species, frog, Brazil, morphology, description, color pattern Journal Article Caramaschi, U.;Sazima, I. 1984 Uma nova especie de Thoropa da Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 2 3 139-146 description, amphibians, morphology Journal Article Caramaschi, U.;Sazima., I. 1984 Uma nova espécies de Thoropa da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 2 139-146 Conference Proceedings Cardeilhac, P.;Larson, R.E. 1981 A summary of the reproductive physiology of the captive Florida alligator Pp. 94-99 Conference Proceedings Cardeilhac, P.;Lane, T.;Larson, R. (eds.) 1981 Proceedings of the First Annual Alligator Production Conference February 12-13, 1981 Conference Proceedings Cardeilhac, P. 1981 Nutritional diseases of alligators 58-64 Conference Proceedings Cardeilhac, P.T.;Puckett, H.M.;DeSena, R.R.;Larsen, R.E. 1982 Progress in artificial insemination of the alligator 44-46 Journal Article Cardoso, A. J.;Sazima, I. 1980 Nova especie de Hyla de sudeste Brasileiro (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 40 1 75-79 description, morphology, tadpole, Brazil Journal Article Cardoso, Adão J. 1981 Biologia e sobrevivência de Physalaemus cuvieri Fitz., 1826 (Amphibia, Anura), Na Natureza Ciência e Cultura 33 9 1224-1228 Journal Article Cardoso, A. J.;Haddad, C. F. B. 1982 Nova especie de Hyla da Serra da Canastra (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 42 3 499-503 Hyla canastrensis, rubra, catharinae, descriptions, morphology, calling, vocalization Journal Article Cardoso, A. J.;Andrade, G. V. 1982 Nova especie de Hyla do parque nacional Serra da Canastra (Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 42 3 589-593 Hyla sazimi, new species, Amphibia, frog, circumdata, Brazil, description, morphology, tadpoles, larvae, calling, vocalization Journal Article Cardoso, A. J. 1983 Descricao e biologia de uma nova especie de Hyla Laurenti 1768 (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Iheringia 62 March 24 37-45 Hyla ibitiguara, Brazil, new species, descriptions, morphology, calling, vocalization, frog Journal Article Cardoso, A. J.;Haddad, C. F. B. 1984 Acoustical variability in different populations and aggressive interactions of Hyla minuta (Amphibia, Anura) Ciencia e Cultura 36 8 1393-1399 frogs, vocalizations, calling, systematics, territoriality, speciation Journal Article Carmaschi, U.;Jim, J. 1983 A new microhylid frog, genus Elaschistocleis (Amphibia, Anura) from northeastern Brasil Herpetologica 39 4 390-394 Amphbibia, Anura, Brazil, Microhylidae, description, Elachistocleis piauiensis, morphology Journal Article Carothers, John H. 1981 Dominance and competition in an herbivorous lizard Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8 261-266 Journal Article Carothers, John H. 1983 Size-related activity patterns in an herbivorous lizard Oecologia 57 103-106 Journal Article Carothers, J. H. 1984 Sexual selection and sexual dimorphism in some herbivorous lizards American Naturalist 124 2 244-254 reptiles, lizards, morphology, color, behavior, iguanidae, sexual selection, sexual dimorphism, head size Journal Article Carpenter, C. C. 1980 Further distribution records for Oklahoma reptiles Bulletin of the Oklahoma Herpetological Society 4 4 66-69 lizards, snakes, turtles Book Section Carpenter, C. C. 1980 An ethological approach to reproductive success in reptiles Murphy, J. B. and Collins, J. T. Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 33-48 reproductive biology, snakes, lizards, turtles, behavior Journal Article Carpenter, C. C. 1980 An ethological approach to reproductive success in reptiles SSAR contributions to herpetology 1 33-49 behavior, comparative Journal Article Carpenter, K.;Lindsey, D. 1980 The dentary of Brachychampsa montana Gilmore (Alligatorinae; Crocodylidae), a late Cretaceous turtle-eating alligator J. Paleontol. 54 1213-1217 fossil, food, Journal Article Carpenter, C. C. 1981 Trionyx spiniferus (spiny softshell) morphology Herp Review 12 3 82 reptiles, Chelonia, hatchlings, development, twins Journal Article Carpenter, C. C. 1981 A comparison of two intensive herpetological surveys in Oklahoma Bulletin of the Oklahoma Herpetological Society 6 2 26-38 reptiles, amphibians, methods Journal Article Carpenter, C. C. 1982 A new western record for the alligator snapping turtle (Macroclemys temmincki) in Oklahoma Bulletin of the Oklahoma Herpetological Society 7 1 2-3 reptiles, Chelonia, distribution Book Section Carpenter, Charles C. 1982 The aggressive displays of iguanine lizards Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 215-231 Journal Article Carpenter, Charles C. 1982 The bullsnake as an excavator Journal of Herpetology 16 4 394-401 Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki calligaster rhombomaculata getula Book Section Carpenter, C. C. 1984 Dominance in snakes Seigel, R. A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L. and Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate ecology and systematics - a tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, Kansas Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas 195-202 reptiles, behavior, combat rituals, social Journal Article Carpenter, C. C.;Gillingham, J. C. 1984 Giant centipede (Scolopendra alternans) attacks marine toad (Bufo marinus) Caribbean Journal of Science 20 1-2 71-72 arthropods, invertebrates, Amphibia, Anura, predation, defense Journal Article Carpenter, Charles C. 1984 Enclosure maintenance of lizards Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 69-76 Journal Article Carpenter, Charles C. 1984 Conclusions Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 325-327 Journal Article Carr, A. F., Jr., L. Ogren,;McVea, C. 1980 Apparent hibernation by the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta off Cape Canaveral, Florida Biol. Conserv. 19 7-14 Journal Article Carr, A.;Meylan, A.B. 1980 Evidence of passive migration of green turtle hatchlings in sargassum Copeia 1980 2 366-368 green/migration Journal Article Carr, A.;Ogren, L.;McVea, C. 1980-81 Apparent hibernation by the Atlantic loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta off Cape Canaveral, Florida Biological Conservation 19 7-14 loggerhead Journal Article Carr, J. L.;Houseal, T. W. 1981 Post-hibernation behavior in Terrapene carolina triunguis (Emydidae) Southwestern Naturalist 26 2 199-220 Reptiles, turtles, hibernation, over winter behavior, Texas, basking Journal Article Carr, A. 1981 Incredible journeys The Sciences December 22-24 migration Journal Article Carr, A. 1982 Guess who's coming to dinner Animal Kingdom 85 6 46-47 AM, food, Book Section Carr, A F;Dodd, C K 1983 Sea turtles and the problem of hybridization Schonewald-Cox, C M;Chambers, S M;MacBryde, B and Thomas, W L Genetics and Conservation Menlo Park, California Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company 277-287 sea turtle/conservation Journal Article Carr, A.F.;Jr. 1984 Mystery of the missing year: chasing sea turtles to their secret sanctuary The Sciences, N.Y. Acad. Sci. 24 4 44-49 Journal Article Carraway, R.;Ruane, S. E.;Feurle, G. E.;Taylor, S. 1982 Amphibian neurotensin (NT) is not xenopsin (XP): dual presence of NT- like and XP-like peptides in various amphibia Endocrinology 110 4 1094-101 Amphibia/*metabolism; Animal; Biological Assay; Brain/metabolism; Bufonidae/metabolism; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gastrointestinal System/metabolism; Necturus maculosus/metabolism; Neurotensin/*metabolism; Oligopeptides/*metabolism; Radioimmunoassay; Rana catesbeiana/metabolism; Rana pipiens/metabolism; Rats; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tissue Distribution; Xenopus laevis/metabolism To clarify whether xenopsin (XP) is the amphibian counterpart of mammalian neurotensin (NT), extracts of skin, brain, and intestine from representative amphibians were subjected to immunochemical, chromatographic, and biological analyses. The results indicated the dual presence of NT- and XP-like peptides in extracts of tissues from Xenopus laevis, Rana catesbeiana, Rana pipiens, Bufo marinus, Bufo americanus, and Necturus maculosus, which were separated during gel chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and high pressure liquid chromatography on mu-Bondapak C-18. Immunochemical studies, employing three different region-specific antisera toward NT (ox and man) and one antiserum towards XP (Xenopus laevis), indicated that the NT-like peptides shared COOH-terminal homologies with NT and differed at their NH2-termini. TWo classes of NT-like peptides could be distinguished on the basis of their distributions in tissues and their cross-reactivities with the antisera; immunoreactive NT measured using antiserum HC-8 tended to be found primarily in brain and intestine, whereas that reactive with antiserum PGL-4 was most concentrated in stomach, liver, and pancreas. Although also present in brain and intestine, immunoreactive XP was highest in stomach, pancreas, and skin. Partially purified immunoreactive NT and XP obtained from gastrointestinal tissues of Xenopus laevis and Bufo marinus were shown to increase the hematocrit and induce cyanosis in anesthesized rats. These findings indicate the presence of both NT- and XP-like peptides in neural and gastrointestinal tissues from several amphibia and suggest the possibility that XP-like peptides (apart from NT) may exist in other animals. Journal Article Carrillo de Espinoza, Nelly 1983 Contribucion al conocimiento de las serpientes venenosas del Peru de las Familias Viperidae, Elapidae e Hydrophiidae (Ophidia: Reptilia) Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural " Javier Prado" Serie A Zologia 30 1-55 Journal Article Carroll, Robert L.;Holmes, Robert 1980 The skull and jaw musculature as guides to the ancestry of salamanders Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 68 1-40 Amphibia, caudata, phylogeny, sytematics, evolution, osteology, cranium, crania, myology, characters Journal Article Carroll, Robert L. 1980 The hyomandibular as a supporting element in the skull of primitive tetrapods Syst. Assoc. Spec. Vol. 15 293-317 Amphibia, caudata, phylogeny, sytematics, evolution, osteology, cranium, crania, myology, characters, anura, gymnophiona, hyoid, hyomandibular, larynx Journal Article Carruthers, Vincent 1983 Bullfrog behaviour Fauna & Flora (South Africa) 40 5-7 Pyxicephalus adspersus Book Section Case, Ted J. 1982 Ecology and evolution of the insular gigantic chuckwallas, Sauromalus hispidus and Sauromalus varius Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 184-212 Edited Book Case, Ted J.;Cody, Martin L. 1983 Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortéz Berkeley University of California Press xii, 508 Journal Article Casper, G. S. 1983 "Albinism" in corn snakes Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 5 7-11 Journal Article Casper, G. S. 1983 Fish & Wildlife proposes new listings of endangered and threatened vertebrates Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 6 3-6 Journal Article Casper, G. S. 1983 The meaning of Minnesota herptile names: Discovering the spotted bind-around snake Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 1 11-16 Journal Article Castano-Mora, O.V.;Rugeles, M.L. 1981 Estudio comparativo del comportamiento de los especies de morrocoy: Geochelone carbonaria y Geochelone denticulata y aspectos comparables de su morfologia externa Cespedesia 10 37-38 55-122 Journal Article Castellano, John 1984 State Report - Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 58-59 gopherus agassizii Report Caughley, G. 1980 Crocodiles in Burma Report CCBMTI 1982 Captive rearing and management of crocodiles in India A field guide Journal Article Cei, J. M.;Lescure, J.;Ortiz, J. C. 1980 Redecouverte de l'holotype de Proctotretus signifer Dumeril et Bibron, 1837 (Reptilia, Iguanidae) Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 2 3 919-925 reptiles, type specimen, Journal Article Cei, Jose M. 1980 The amphibians of Argentina Monit. Zool. Italianom n.s., Monograph 2 1-609 Amphibians, anurans, argentina Journal Article Cei, Jose M. 1980 New endemic Iguanid lizard from the Famatina Mountains of Western Argentina Journal of Herpetology 14 1 57-64 lizard, new Journal Article Cei, Jose M.;Scolaro, Jose A. 1980 Two new subspecies of the Liolaemus fitzingeri complex from Argentina Journal of Herpetology 14 1 37-44 subspecies, new Journal Article Cei, Jose M. 1980 Remarks on taxonomic status and specific characters of Liolaemus marmoratus Journal of Herpetology 14 2 192-193 taxonomy Journal Article Cei, J. M. 1980 Amphibians of Argentina Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N.S.) Monogr. 2 1-609 Journal Article Cei, José M. 1980 L'identité des syntypes de Proctotretus fitzingerii Duméril et Bibron, 1837 Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 4 sér, 2 1 317-320 Journal Article Cei, José M. 1980 Amphibians of Argentina Monitore Zoologico Italiano N.S. Monografia 2 xii, 609 p. Journal Article Cei, José Miguel 1982 Aspetti geo-biogeografici inediti della Sierra di Famatina, il più elevato massiccio d'America de Sud dopo le cordigliere andine (Argentina centro-occidentale) Rivista bimestrale dell' Istituto Geografico Militare 62 4 643-672 Journal Article Cei, José M. 1982 A new species of Tropidurus (Sauria, Iguanidae) from the arid Chacoan and western regions of Argentina Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 97 1-10 New species; Tropidurus etheridgei sp. nov.; Argentina Journal Article Cei, José Miguel 1982 Aspetti geo-biogeografica inediti della Sierra di Famatina, il più elevato massiccio d'America del Sud dopo le cordigliere andine (Argintina centro-occidentale) Istituto Geografico Militare Firenze 62 4 643-672 Journal Article Cei, J. M.;Crespo., E. 1982 Differences in larval morphology of allopatric isolated populations of the Odontophrynus occidentalis group from western Argentina Arq. Mus. Boçage 1A 335-340 Journal Article Cei, José M.;Péfaur, Jaime E. 1982 Una nueva especie de Liolaemus (Iguanidae): Squamata): Su sistematica, ecologia y distribucion Actas 8vo Congresso Latinoamericano de Zoologie (Octubre 1980, Meridia, Venezuela) 1982 573-586 Liolaemus insolitus sp. nov. Journal Article Cei, J. M.;Ortiz, J. C. 1983 Descripcion de una nueva especie de lagarto Liolaemus coeruleus n. sp. para Argentina. (Sauria, Iguanidae) Bol. Soc. Biol. Concepcion. Chile 54 35-41 reptiles, species description, lizards, morphology, taxonomy Journal Article Cei, J. M.;Scolaro, J. A. 1983 Un nuevo arreglo taxonómico para los Liolaemus del grupo fitzingeri Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 1 3 15-16 Liomaemus fitzingeri group Journal Article Cekalovic K., Tomas 1982 Estado actual de la coleccion herpetologica del Museo de Zoologia de la Universidad de Concepcion (M.Z.U.C) en la parte serpentes Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 183-186 Journal Article Cesaraccio, Giovanni;Lanza, Benedetto 1984 Nuovi dati sull'erpetofauna dell'Arcipelago della Maddalena (Sardegna NE) Bollettino della Società di Scienze Naturali 23 137-143 Journal Article Cevese, A.;Gattullo, D.;Losano, G.;Marsh, N. A.;Vacca, G.;Whaler, B. C. 1984 The effect of gaboon viper (Bitis gabonica) venom on cardiac stroke work in the anaesthetized rabbit. Life. Sci 34 14 1389-1393 Reptilia, serpentes, Gaboon viper, poison, action, rabbit Report Chabreck, R.H. 1984 Cooperative surveys of the American alligator in the southeastern United States during 1983 Journal Article Chaney, A. H.;Liner, E. A. 1982 In memoriam: Richard M. Johnson Herp Review 13 4 115 obituary Journal Article Chaney, A. H.;Liner, E. A.;Johnson, R. M. 1982 Geographic distribution: Chiropterotriton prisca; Pseudoeurycea galeanae; Sceloporus couchi; Sceloporus poinsetti poinsetti; Elaphe subocularis; Tantilla rubra rubra Herp Review 13 2 51-53 range, amphibians Journal Article Chang, Manguen L. Y. 1981 Reptilia Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5 1 11-18 Journal Article Channing, A. 1981 Southern origin of the African genus Strongylopus Tschudi, 1838 (Amphibia, Ranidae) Italian Journal of Zoology 15 15 333-336 Anura, frog, Africa, systematics, taxonomy Journal Article Channing, A. 1984 Identification of ghost frog tadpoles Proc. Electr. Micros. Soc. South Africa 14 89-90 Book Section Charig, Alan J. 1984 Competition between therapsids and archosaurs during the Triassic Period: a review and synthesis of current theories Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 597-628 Journal Article Charles, Neil 1983/1984 Further notes on captive breeding of the Collett's snake (Pseudechis colletti) Herpetofauna 15 1-2 7-10 Pseudechis colletti Journal Article Chatfield, E. W. 1981 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 62-64 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Chatterjee, Sankar 1983 An Ictidosaur fossil from North America Science 220 1151-1153 Journal Article Cheke, Anthony S. 1982 A note on Phelsuma Gray 1825 of the Agalega Islands, indian Ocean (Sauria: Gekkonidae) Senckenbergiana Biologica 62 1/3 1-3 Journal Article Cheke, Anthony S. 1982 Phelsuma Gray 1825 in the Seychelles and neighbouring islands: a re-appraisal of thier taxonomy and description of two new forms (Reptilia: Sauria: gekkonidae) Senckenbergiana Biologica 62 4/6 181-198 Phelsuma abbotti sumptio subsp. nov.; Phelsuma astriata semicarinata subsp. nov. Journal Article Chen, Been-Yuan;Mao, Shou-Hsian;Ling, Yun-Hua 1980 Evolutionary relationships of turtles suggested by immunological cross-reactivity of albumins Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66B 421-425 Chelydra macroclemys dermatemys chinemys clemmys coura ocadia terrapene testudo chelonia eretmochelys lepidochelys carettochelys trionyx chelodina phylogeny Journal Article Chen, Huojie;Li, Fanglin;Heng, Xiao 1984 Preliminary observations on ecology of Vibrissaphroa ailaonica Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3(1) 41-45 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, natural history, reproduction, Vibrissaphora, Leptobrachium Journal Article Chen_Bihui;Wang_Chaolin 1984 Artificial reproduction of Alligator sinensis (In Chinese, English summary) Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3 2 49-54 AS, reproduction, farming, China Journal Article Cherlin, V. A. 1983 New facts on the taxonomy of snakes ofthe genus Echis Vestnik Zoologii 1983 2 1-7 systematics, taxonomy, Echis, carpet vipers, English translation by F. S. H. OWUSU Journal Article Cherlin, Vladimir A. 1984 New facts on the taxonomy of snakes of the genus Echis Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1984 61 1-7 carinatus sochureki multisquamatus coloratus pyramidium ocellatus leucogatser distribution astolae sinhaleyus leakeyi aliaborri norphology Journal Article Cherry, R.H.;Ager, A.L., Jr. 1982 Parasites of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in south Florida J. Parasitol. 68 3 509-510 AM, parasites, FL Journal Article Chessman, B. C. 1983 Observations on the diet of the broad-shelled turtle, Chelodina expansa GRAY (Testudines: Chelidae) Aust. Wildl. Res. 169-172 Reptilia, testudines, Chelidae, broad-shelled turtle, Chelodina expansa, food, feeding, diet testu,oeko,australien,vit PF x Journal Article Chessman, B.C. 1983 Observations on the diet of the broad-shelled turtle, Chelodina expansa Gray (Testudines : Chelidae) Aust. Widl. Res. 10 169-172 diet Journal Article Cheung, L. Y.;De, L.;Ashley, S. W. 1984 Effect of aspirin on epithelial cell membrane potentials of gastric fundic mucosa Surgery 96 2 171-8 Animal; Aspirin/*pharmacology; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium/drug effects; Gastric Fundus; Gastric Mucosa/*drug effects; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Necturus maculosus; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The effects of aspirin on epithelial cell membrane potentials of Necturus fundic mucosa were examined by in vitro experiments according to intracellular microelectrode techniques. Stable intracellular impalements were obtained with 15 to 50 M-ohm microelectrodes filled with 3M KCl. In neutral mucosal solutions (pH 7.0) aspirin (5.0 mM) resulted in a significant increase in apical cell membrane potential (Vmc) from -36.7 +/- 1.5 mV to -43.3 +/- 2.3 mV (p less than 0.001) and basolateral cell membrane potential (Vcs) from -42.7 +/- 1.8 mV to - 50.6 +/- 2.4 (p less than 0.001). This hyperpolarization of the cell was associated with an increase in transmucosal potential from -5.8 +/- 0.7 to -7.4 +/- 0.9 (p less than 0.05) and an increase in the ratio of apical to basolateral membrane resistances from 5.1 +/- 1.2 to 8.8 +/- 1.9 (p less than 0.05). These changes were consistent with an increase in potassium conductance induced by the salicylate anion. In acidic mucosal solutions (pH 4.5) aspirin caused a reduction in Vmc and Vcs. This hypopolarization of the cell membrane is consistent with acidification of the epithelial cells. These observations support the proposed mechanisms of aspirin injury: (1) back diffusion of H+ into the cells and (2) influx of the salicylate anions into the cells, which may interfere with intracellular metabolism. Journal Article Cheylan, Marc 1981 Biologie et ecologie de la tortue d'Hermann Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 Contribution de l'esèce à la connaissance des climats quaternaires de la France Memoires et Travaux de l'Institut de Montpellier 13 1-383 + 20 plates Testudo hermanni Book Section Cheylan, M 1981 Processes of growth and criteria for age determination Processus de croissance et critère d'âge Etudes, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Biologie et ecologie de la tortue d'Hermann. Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789. Contribution de l'espèce à la connaissance des climats quaternaires de la France 105-129 Reptilia, testudines, greek tortoise, Testudo hermanni, propagation, physiology, growth, ossification, age Journal Article Chiasson, R. B. 1981 The apical pits of Agkistrodon (Reptilia: Serpentes) Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 16 69-73 morphology, Agkistrodon piscivorus Journal Article Chieffi, G.;Milone, M.;Iela., L. 1980 Amphibian reproduction: reproductive physiology in the male Rana esculenta L Bollettino di Zoologia 47 63-70 Journal Article Chineme, C.N.;Addo, P.B. 1980 Pathologic Changes in Lizards (Agama agama) Experimentally Infected with Dermatophilus congolensis. J. of Wildlife Diseases 16 3 407-412 Reptilia, sauria, Agama agama, infection, fungus, Dermatophilus congolensis, experim. Journal Article CHIODINI, R.;SUNDBERG, J.P. 1980 Styphlodora horrida in the kidneys and ureters of a boa constrictor ( Constrictor constrictor). Vet. Med. /Small Anim. Clin 75 877-878 Reptilia, serpentes, boa, infection, helminth, trematode, Styphlodora Journal Article Chiodini, R.J.;Sundberg, J.P. 1980 Mesocercariae of Alaria mustelae in the tail of a northern water snake J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 177 9 908-909 Reptilia, serpentes, nortyhern water snake, infection, helminth, trematodes, Alaria mustelae 200390 MDL DGB Amph 5 Journal Article Chiodini, R.J.;Sundberg, P.J. 1982 Blood chemistry values of the common boa constrictor (Constrictor constrictor) Am. J. vet. Res. 43 1701 Reptilia, serpentes, boa constrictor, Constrictor constrictor , physiology, blood chemistry values vet,serp,chem WI x Journal Article CHIODINI, R. J. 1982 Transovarian passage, visceral distribution, and pathogenicity of Salmonella in snakes Infect. Immun. 36 710-713 Reptilia, serpentes, snake, infection, bacteria, salmonella, transovarian passage, visceral distribution, pathogenicity vet,bakt,serp Fernl x Book Section Chiodini, R. J.;Holdeman, L. V.;Gandelman, A. L. 1983 Epizootic of infectious necrotic hepatitis caused by an unclassified anaerobic bacillus in the water snake Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 51-54 Book Section Chiodini, Rodrick J. 1983 The pathogenicity of Salmonella in snakes Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 45-48 Book Section Chiodini, Rodrick J. 1983 Salmonellosis in reptiles: a public health hazard Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 87-89 Journal Article CHIODINI, R. J. 1983 The pathogenicity of Salmonella in snakes Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 45-48 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, salmonella, serp,vet,bakt WI x Journal Article Chiodini, R.J.;L.V., Holdeman;Gandelman, A.J. 1983 Epizootic of infectious necrotic hepatitis caused by an unclassified anaerobic bacillus in the water snake. Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 1 51 - 54 Reptilia, serpentes, Natrix sipedon, infection, bacteria Book Chiszar, David;Smith, Rozella B. 1982 Fifty Years of herpetology: Publications of Hobart M. Smith North Bennington, VT John Johnson v + 78 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Hoge, A. R. 1982 Post-strike trailing behavior in rattlesnakes Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 195-206 Book Section Chiszar, D.;Radcliffe, C. W.;Scudder, K. M.;Duvall, D. 1983 Strike-induced chemosensory searching by rattlesnakes: the role of envenomation-related chemical cues in the post-strike environment Muller-Schwarze, D. and Silverstein, R. M. Chemical signals in vertebrates 3 NY Plenum Press 1-24 reptiles, snakes, feeding, Journal Article Chiu, K. W.;Maderson, P. F. A. 1980 Observations on the Interactions between Thermal Conditions and Skin SheddingFrequencyin the Tokay (Gekko gekko) Journal of Herpetology 14 3 245-254 gecko, shedding Journal Article Choudhury, B.C.;Bustard, H.R. 1980 Predation on natural nests of the Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider) on North Andaman Island with notes on the crocodile population J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 76 311-323 CPR, nest, parental care, reproduction, conservation, India Journal Article Choudhury, B. C. 1981 Mugger releases Hamadryad 6 3 9 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Choudhury, B. C. 1981 Mugger breeding in Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad Hamadryad 6 1 11-12 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Choudhury, B. C. 1981 Mugger (Crocodylus palustris) releases in Andhra Pradesh & Tamil Nadu Hamadryad 6 1 10-11 Crocodylus palustris Thesis Choudhury, S. 1981 Some studies on the biology and ecology of Gavialis gangeticus, the Indian gharial (Crocodilia, Gavialidae) Journal Article Choudhury, B.C.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 Restocking mugger crocodile Crocodylus palustris (Lesson) in Andhra Pradesh: Evaluation of a pilot release J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 79 275-289 CPL, conservation, management, India Journal Article Choudhury, S.;Bustard, H.R.;Tandon, B.K. 1983 Incubation and hatching of eggs of Gavialis gangeticus in hatcheries Brit. J. Herp. 6 337-342 GG, reproduction, captive breeding, farming, India Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Tracy, C. R. 1981 The effect of the thermal environment on the ability of hatchling galapagos land iguanas to avoid predation during dispersal Oecolgia 49 218-223 thermoregulation, lizards, predation, dependency Journal Article Christian, Keith A. 1982 Changes in the food niche during postmetamorphic ontogeny of the frog Pseudacris triseriata Copeia 1982 1 73-80 Anura, Hylidae, Pseudacris triseriata, foraging, ontogeny, metamorphosis, food niche, diet switch, 30 Book Section Christian, Keith A.;Tracy, C. Richard 1982 Reproductive behavior of Galápagos land iguanas, Conolophus pallidus, on Isla Santa Fe, Galápagos Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 366-379 Journal Article Christian, K. A.;Tracy, C. R.;Porter, W. P. 1983 Seasonal shifts in body temperature and use of microhabitats by Galapagos land iguanas (Conolophus pallidus) Ecology 64 3 463-468 Reptiles, lizards, Conolophis pallidus, iguanas, Galapagos, Ecuador, South America, Pacific, field study, tempertature, behavior, thermal, Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Tracy, C. Richard 1983 Thermoregulation and mate-selection in Fowler's Toads? Science 219 518-519 Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Tracy, C. Richard;Porter, W. P. 1984 Physiological and ecological consequences of sleeping-site selection by the Galapagos land iguana (Conolophus pallidus) Ecology 65 3 752-758 Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Waldschmidt, Steve 1984 The relationship between lizard home range and body size: a reanalysis of the data Herpetologica 40 1 68-75 Journal Article Christiansen, J.L.;Cooper, J.A.;Bickham, J.W. 1984 Reproduction of Kinosternon flavescens (Kinosternidae) in Iowa Southwestern Naturalist 29 349-351 Journal Article Christman, S. P. 1980 Patterns of geographic variation in Florida snakes Bulletin of the Florida State Museum of Biological Sciences 25 3 1-256 reptiles, snakes, mapping, phylogenetic considerations, populations Journal Article Christman, Steven P. 1980 Patterns of geographic Variation in Florida snakes Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 25 3 157-256 Journal Article Christman, S. P. 1980 Patterns of geographic variation in flordia snakes Bulliten of the Florida State Museum 25 3 157-256 snakes, Florida Journal Article Christman, Steven P. 1982 Storeria dekayi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 306 1-4 Book Section Chu-Chien, Huang 1982 Distribution of sea turtles in China seas Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 321-322 Journal Article Chugh, K. S.;Pal, Y.;Chakravarty, R. N.;Datta, B. N.;Mehta, R.;Sakhuja, V.;Mandal, A. K.;Sommers, S. C. 1984 Acute renal failure following poisonous snakebite Am J Kidney Dis 4 1 30-8 This study describes acute renal failure (ARF) following snakebite in humans and the effects of viperide venoms on the renal structure and function in subhuman primates. ARF developed in 45 of 157 patients with a history of snakebite admitted to the hospitals of the Postgraduate Medical Institute, Chandigarh, India. They were studied clinically, hematologically, and in 35 cases, for renal histopathology. All 45 were treated with antibiotics, and 8 received anti-snake venom. Ten cases had bilateral renal cortical necrosis (BRCN), eight of whom died; less severe acute tubular lesions (ATL) occurred in 23 patients, four of whom died (P less than .001). Sepsis was significantly more common with BRCN than ATL (P less than .05). No statistical difference was found between these groups in bleeding incidence, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hemolysis, or hypotension. Monkeys given lethal doses of viperide venom developed hypotensive shock, DIC, and hemolysis, with significantly reduced serum complement, and died within 24 hours. However, no renal functional changes or lesions were found. Monkeys given sublethal doses of viperide venom showed a significant increase in serum creatinine levels after 48 hours, and renal lesions were observed in a majority of animals. In conclusion, ARF in snakebite victims appears to be multifactorial in origin. Although hypotension, hemolysis, and DIC are likely to be important pathogenetic factors, a direct cytotoxic effect of the venom on the kidney in producing ARF cannot be excluded. Report CITES 1983 (Keys to identification of crocodilian skins) Journal Article Claas, B.;Fritzsch, B.;Münz., H. 1981 Common efferents to lateral line and labyrinthine hair cells in aquatic vertebrates Neurosci. Lett. 27 231-235 Journal Article Claessen, H. 1983 Brief instructions on medicines for terrarium-animals Litteratura serpentium 3 1 32-40 vet,serp,vit PF x Journal Article Clarke, R. F. 1980 Snakes in Kansas The Kansas School Naturalist 26 3 2-15 reptiles, species list, accounts Journal Article Clarke, Barry T. 1981 Comparative osteology and evolutionary relationships in the African Raninea (Anura Ranidae) Monitore zoologico italiano 14 285-331 Amphibia, anura, ranidae, raninae, Pyxicephalus adspersus, Aubria subsigillata, Rana occipitalis, Rana tigerina, Euphlyctis, Conraua alleni, Conraua beccarii, Conraua crassipes, Conraua goliath, Tomopterna cryptotis, , Tomopterna krugerensis, Tomopterna marmorata, Tomopterna natalensis, Tomopterna tuberculosa, Rana angolensis, Rana fuscigula, Rana johnstoni johnstoni, Rana johnstoni inyangae, Rana vertebralis, Rana temporaria, Hylarana darlingi, Hylarana galamensis, Hylarana erythraea, Rana fasciata fasciata, Rana grayi grayi, Rana grayi rhodesiana, Rana hymenopus, Rana wageri, Ptychadena anchietae, Ptychadena cooperi, Ptychadena erlangeri, Ptychadena grandisonae, Ptychadena mascareniensis, Ptychadena perreti, Ptychadena pumilio, Ptychadena stenocephala, Ptychadena upembae, Hildebrandtia largeni, Hildebranditia ornata ornata, Hildebranditia ornata budgetti, Hildebranditia ornata moeruensis, Hildebranditia ornata ornastissima, phylogeny, systematics, osteology, Africa Journal Article Clarke, B. T. 1981 Compariative osteology and evolutionary relationships in the African Raninae (Anura: Ranidae) Monit. Zool. Italiano, n.s. 15 (Suppl.) 285-331 Amphibian, anura, ranidae, osteology, africa, Journal Article Clarke, B. T. 1982 A new genus of ranine frog (Anura: Ranidae) from Somalia Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. 43 179-183 Amphibia, anura, systematics, Africa, new species Journal Article Clarke, B. T. 1983 A morphological re-examination of the frog genus Nannophrys (Anura: Ranidae) with comments on its biology, distribution and relationships Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 79 377-398 Journal Article Clarke, J.M.;Ulinski, P.S. 1984 A golgi study of anterior dorsal ventricular ridge in the alligator, Alligator mississippensis J. Morphol 179 153-174 AM, anatomy, Journal Article Clary, J. C.;Leong, J.K. 1984 Disease studies aid Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle headstart research Herp. Rev. 69-70 Reptilia, testudines, Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle, pathology, disease, survey vet,testu PF x Journal Article Claussen, J. von;Forstner, M. J. 1981 Research on the helminths of tortoises and experiments to treat them medically. Untersuchungen über die Helminthen der Landschildkröten und Versuche zur medikamentellen Entwurmung Berl. Münchn. Tierärztl. Wschr. 411 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy vet,testu,paras Fernl a Journal Article Claussen, J. 1981 Helminth infection in land-tortoises and experiments with newer anthelminthics Wurmbefall von Landschildkröten und Therapieversuche mit neueren Anthelminthica. Tierärtztl. Prax. 259 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy Journal Article Clemens, ET;GM., O Maloiy 1983 Nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal electrolyte flux in the elephant and rhinoceros. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.A.Comp.Physiol 75 4 653-658 digestion/digestion studies/mammals/physiology Book Section Cliffton, K.;D.C. Cornejo, R.S. Felger 1982 Sea turtles of the Pacific Coast of Mexico Bjorndal, K.A. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press 199-209 Book Section Cliffton, K.;Cornejo, D.S.;Felger, R.S. 1982 Sea turtles of the Pacific coast of Mexico Bjorndal, K. A. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington Smithsonian Institution Press 199-209 ridley; use; utilization; green; leatherback Journal Article Clothier, R. H.;Dewar, J. R.;Santos, M. A.;North, A. D.;Foster, S.;Balls, M. 1981 A comparative study of the deacetylation of paracetamol by urodele and anuran amphibian organ cultures Xenobiotica 11 3 149-57 Acetaminophen/*metabolism; Animal; Anura/*metabolism; Comparative Study; Dealkylation; Glucuronates/metabolism; Liver/metabolism; Organ Culture; Subcellular Fractions/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Distribution; Urodela/*metabolism 1. p-Aminophenol is the major metabolite produced by urodele amphibian tissues in vitro. The deacetylation enzyme system involved is located in the liver microsomal fraction of Amphiuma means. 2. Paracetamol was deacetylated to p-aminophenol by organ cultures of liver, kidney, pancreas and stomach epithelium from adult A. means, by liver, stomach epithelium, bladder and lung cultures from neotenic larval Ambystoma tigrinum, and by adult Triturus cristatus carnifex in vivo. 3. Liver cultures from all seven urodele amphibian species metabolized paracetamol and produced p-aminophenol, but no evidence was found of paracetamol metabolism by liver cultures from any of five anuran amphibian species. 4. The significance of p-aminophenol production from paracetamol and of this difference within the Amphibia are discussed. Book Section Clothier, Richard H.;Knowles, Kevin R.;James, Heidi S.;Whittle, David J.;Balls, Michael 1983 The pathological effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in Xenopus laevis Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 147-156 Book Section Clothier, Richard H. 1983 Chemical carcinogenesis in amphibians Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 185-186 Journal Article Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. 1981 Bionomics of the rainbow lizard Agama agama (L.) in eastern Nigeria during the dry season Journal of Arid Environments 4 235-245 93, Agama, distribution, population, behavior, Nigeria, Africa Journal Article Coatney, C. E., Jr. 1982 Home range and nocturnal activity of the Ozark hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis, in a Pennsylvania stream Journal of Herpetology 5 121-126 Edited Book Coborn, John 1981 European Herpetological Symposium 1980 Oxford Cotswold Wild Life Park xii, 139 Journal Article Cock Buning, Tjard de 1983 Thermal sensitivity as a specialization for prey capture and feeding in snakes American Zoologist 23 363-375 behavior Journal Article Coffeen, Michael P. 1984 State Report - Utah Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 30-31 Book Section Cogger, Harold G.;Heatwole, Harold 1981 The Australian reptiles: origins, biogeography, distribution patterns and island evolution Keast, A. Ecological Biogeography of Australia The Hague W. Junk 1333-1373 Book Cogger, Harold G. 1983 Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia Sanibel, FL Ralph Curtis 660 Australia Book Cogger, Harold G.;Cameron, Elizabeth E.;Cogger, Heather M. 1983 Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 1. Amphibia and Reptilia Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service vi + 313 Journal Article Cogger, Harold G.;Sadlier, Ross A.;Cameron, Elizabeth E. 1983 The Terrestrial Reptiles of Australia's Island Territories Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service Special Publication 11 viii; 1-80, 8 plates Book Section Cogger, H. G. 1984 Reptiles in the australian arid zone Cogger, H. G. and Cameron, E. E. Arid Australia Sydney Australian Museum 235-252 deserts, list, community composition, distribution, Book Section Cogger, Harold G. 1984 Reptiles in the Australian arid zone Cogger, Harold G. and Cameron, Elizabeth E. Arid Australia Sydney Australia 235-252 Journal Article Coggins, J. R.;Sajdak, R. A. 1982 A survey of helminth parasites in the salamanders and certain anurans from Wisconsin Proceedings Of The Helminthological Society Of Washington 49 1 99-102 Journal Article Cohen, Poer, Pollard, Feldman. 1980 Turtle-associated salmonellosis in the U.S.: effect of public health action, 1970-1976. JAMA 243 1247-1249 Reptilia, testudines, infection, bacteria, salmonella Journal Article Cohen, N.;Effrige, N.J.;Parsons, S.C.V. 1984 Identification and treatment of a lethal nematode (Capillaria xenopodus) infestation in the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 8 739-741 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, infection, helminth, Capillaria, Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Hardy, Laurence M. 1981 Systematics of North American colubrid snakes related to Tantilla planiceps (Blainville) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 171 3 199-284 Journal Article Cole, Charles J. 1983 Specific status of the North American fence lizards, Sceloporus undulatus and Sceloporus occidentalis, with comments on chromosome variation American Museum Novitates 2768 1-13 Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Hardy, Laurence M. 1983 Tantilla atriceps Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 317 1-2 Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Hardy, Laurence M. 1983 Tantilla hobartsmithi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 318 1-2 Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Hardy, Laurence M. 1983 Tantilla planiceps Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 319 1-2 Journal Article Cole, C. J. 1984 Unisexual lizards Scientific American 250 1 94-100 Journal Article Collins, J. P.;Mitton, J. B.;Pierce, B. A. 1980 Ambystoma tigrinum: a multi-species conglomerate? Copeia 1980 4 938-941 amphibians, salamanders, relationships, taxonomy, morphology, Journal Article Collins, Joseph T.;Knight, James L. 1980 Crotalus horridus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 253 1-2 Journal Article Collins, J. P.;Mitton, J. B.;Pierce., B. A. 1980 Ambystoma tigrinum: a multispecies conglomerate? Copeia 1980 938-941 Journal Article Collins, Joseph T. 1980 New records of fishes, amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1979 Tech. Publ. State biol. Surv. Kansas 9 1-11 Journal Article Collins, J. P. 1981 Distribution, habitats and life history variation in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, in east-central and southeast Arizona Copeia 1981 3 666-675 amphibians, range, morphology, age, size, elevation Journal Article Collins, J. P. 1981 Distribution, habitats and life history variation in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, in east-central and southeast Arizona. Copeia 1981 666-675 Journal Article Collins, Joseph T. 1981 New records of fishes, amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1980 Tech. Publ. State biol. Surv. Kansas 10 7-19 Journal Article Collins, J. T.;Conant, R.;Huheey, J. E.;Knight, J. L.;Rundquist, E. M.;Smith, H. M. 1982 Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles SSAR 12 1-28 nomenclature, Journal Article Collins, J. T. 1982 Crotalus stejnegeri longtail rattlesnake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 303 2 Reptiles, snakes, description, review, description, distribution, account Book Collins, Joseph T. 1982 Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas. Second Edition Lawrence, KS University of Kansas Museum of Natural History xiii + 358 Book Collins, Joseph T.;Conant, Roger;Huheey, James E.;Knight, James L.;Rundquist, Eric M.;Smith, Hobart M. 1982 Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Second edition Athens, OH SSAR 28 Journal Article Collins, Joseph T. 1982 Crotalus stejnegeri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 303 1-2 BiblioBid Bulk Collins, Joeseph, T. 1982 Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas (second edition) 356 Journal Article Collins, J. T. 1983 New records of fishes, amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1982 Tech. Publ. State Biol. Surv. Kansas 13 9-21 reptiles, amphibians Journal Article Collins, J. P. 1983 Effect of food and density on development of typical and cannibalistic salamander larvae in Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum American Zoologist 23 77-84 amphibians, feeding, behavior, larva, Journal Article Collins, J. T. 1983 Book Review Herp Review 14 1 26 Florida, book review, reptiles, amphibians, snakes Journal Article Collins, Elizabeth;O'Farrell, Thomas P.;Sauls, Mary L. 1983 Survey for desert tortoise on the possible site of a high-level nuclear waste repository, Nevada Test Site Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 19-26 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Collins, J. P.;Cheek., J. E. 1983 Effect of food and density on development of typical and cannibalistic salamander larvae in Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum American Zoologist 23 77-84 Journal Article Collins, J. P.;Holomuzki, J. R. 1984 Intraspecific variation in diet within and between trophic morphs in larval tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum) Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 168-174 amphibians, morphology, food, diet, activity Journal Article Collins, J. P.;Holomuzski., J. R. 1984 Intraspecific variation in diet within and between trophic morphs in larval tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum) Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 168-174 Journal Article Collins, Joseph T. 1984 New records of fishes, amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1984 Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter 58 14-20 Journal Article Collins, Joseph T. 1984 New records of fishes, amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1983 Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter 56 15-26 Book Colorado River Wildlife Council 1982 Endemic Amphibians and Reptiles of the Colorado River System: A Status Report Colorado River Wildlife Council 44 Utah; Colorado; Arizona; Nevada; California; Wyoming Journal Article Colquhoun, J. E.;Dresden, M. H. 1983 Activation and partial characterization of prolyl hydroxylase from regenerating limbs of the adult newt Notophthalmus viridescens Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 75 4 671-9 Animal; Coenzymes/metabolism; Detergents/pharmacology; Enzyme Activation; Extremities; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Notophthalmus viridescens/*metabolism; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/*metabolism; *Regeneration; Salamandridae/*metabolism; Subcellular Fractions/enzymology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Temperature Prolyl hydroxylase activity extracted from regenerating newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) limb tissues can be increased by brief preincubation with cofactors (ascorbate, alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe2+ and O2) prior to assay with [3H]proline-labeled collagen substrate. Newt prolyl hydroxylase is optimally active at 30 degrees C, but loses activity rapidly at 37 degrees C. The presence of cofactors or substrate decreases enzyme heat lability. Detergents (Triton X-100 and octyl glucoside) do not aid enzyme extraction and inhibit enzyme activity. Activity solubilized during homogenization without detergent remains soluble following high speed centrifugations. Comparative studies are reported for enzyme extracted from chick embryo tissues. Journal Article Colquhoun, J. E.;Dresden, M. H. 1983 Prolyl hydroxylase activity during newt forelimb regeneration Dev Biol 95 1 193-9 Animal; Collagen/metabolism; Comparative Study; Forelimb/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/*metabolism; *Regeneration; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors Prolyl hydroxylase activity was measured to obtain insight into changes in collagen metabolism during forelimb regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Activity increased markedly during the redifferentiative stages, remained elevated during digit formation, and decreased as regeneration neared completion. The greatest activity, seen during early digit formation, represents a 20-fold increase in activity over the level seen in nonregenerating limbs. The profile of enzyme activity correlates with the rate of collagen synthesis and the soluble collagen content of the regenerating tissue. Enzyme extracted from limbs in the early stages of regeneration can be activated in vitro upon preincubation with cofactors; however, preincubation has little, if any, effect on enzyme extracted from limbs at the later digit-forming stages. Journal Article COLT, J.;OROWICZ, K.;BROOKS, D. 1984 Gas bubble disease in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis J. Herpetol. 18 2 131-137 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus, African clawed frog, gas bubble disease 270390 MDL DGB Rept 95, Reprint Endnote 93/463 Journal Article COLT, J.;al., et 1984 Effects of gas-supersaturated water on Rana catesbeiana tadpoles Aquaculture 38 127-136 Amphibia, aunura, Xenopus laevis, pathology, gas bubble, water 270390 MDL DGB Rept 96 Journal Article Colwell, R.K. 1981 Group selection is implicated in the evolution of female-biased sex ratios Nature 290 5805 401-404 sex ratio Book Section Combes, Claude;Knoepffler, Louis-Philippe 1983 Les plathelminthes a localisation renale chez les Amphibiens Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 81-83 Report Commission, Florida Game and Freshwater Fish 1984 Alligator management plan 30 pp Journal Article Compton, A.W. 1981 Courtship and nesting behaviour of the freshwater crocodile, Crocodylus johnstoni, under controlled conditions Aust. Wildl. Res. 8 2 443-450 CJ, courtship, nest, parental care, embryology, captive breeding, Australia Book Conant, Roger 1982 Herpetology of Ohio - Fifty Years Ago Toledo, OH Toledo Herpetological Society 64 Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Vitt, Laurie J.;Hadley, Neil F. 1981 Reply to Schall American Naturalist 117 217-222 Book Section Congdon, J. D.;Dunham, A. E.;Tinkle, D. W. 1982 Energy budgets and life histories of reptiles Gans, C. Biology of the Reptilia NY Academic Press 13 233-271 energetics, metabolism, body size, models, demography Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Tinkle, D. W. 1982 Reproductive energetics of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) Herpetologica 38 1 228-237 reptiles, development, eggs, lipids, reproduction Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Vitt, L. J.;Sels, R. C. Van Loben;Ohmart, R. D. 1982 The ecological significance of water flux rates in arboreal desert lizards of the genus Urosaurus Physiol. Zool. 55 317-322 reptiles, lizards, energetics, feeding, diet Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Tinkle, D. W. 1982 Energy expenditure in free-ranging sagebrush lizards (Sceloporus graciosus) Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 1412-1416 reptiles, metabolic rates, water, body temperature, feeding rates, Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Vitt, Laurie J.;Van Loben Sels, Richard C.;Ohmart, Robert D. 1982 The ecological significance of water flux rates in arboreal desert lizards of the genus Urosaurus Physiological Zoölogy 55 3 317-322 Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Gibbons, J. W.;Greene, J. L. 1983 Parental investment in the chicken turtle (Deirochelys reticularia) Ecology 64 3 419-425 reptiles, turtles, body size, egg size, energetics, incubation, life history, lipids, South Carolina Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Tinkle, D. W.;Breitenbach, G. L.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1983 Nesting ecology and hatching success in the turtle Emydoidea blandingi Herpetologica 39 4 417-429 reptiles, clutch frequency, clutch size, hatching, hatchling emergence, nesting ecology, predation, survivorship, Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Gibbons, J. W. 1983 Relationships of reproductive characteristics to body size in Pseudemys scripta Herpetologica 39 2 147-151 reptiles, turtles, body size, egg size Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Tinkle, D. W.;Breitenbach, G. L.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1983 Nesting ecology and hatchling success in the turtle Emydoidea blandingi Herpetologica 39 4 417-429 reptiles, turtles, clutch frequency, clutch size, hatching, hatchling emergence, nesting ecology, predation, survivorship Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Tinkle, Donald W.;Rosen, Phillip C. 1983 Egg components and utilization during development in aquatic turtles Copeia 1983 264-268 Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Greene, Judith L. 1983 Parental investment in the Chicken Turtle (Deirochelys reticularia) Ecology 64 3 Journal Article Conn, Kemp 1981 State Report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 72-73 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Conn, DB;Etges, FJ 1983 Inhibition of egg production in an anomalous Plagitura salamandra Holl, 1928 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae) J. Parasitol. 69 4 784 - 786 Caudata , Amphibia Journal Article Connelly, T. G.;Bookstein, F. L. 1983 Method for 3-dimensional analysis of patterns of thymidine labeling in regenerating and developing limbs Prog Clin Biol Res 110 Pt A 525-36 Ambystoma mexicanum; Animal; Cell Division; Extremities/embryology/*physiology; Morphogenesis; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Thymidine/*metabolism; Tritium/diagnostic use Journal Article Conover, D.O. 1984 Adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination in a fish American Naturalist 123 3 297-313 tsd; sex ratio Journal Article Constable, J.D. 1982 Visit to Vietnam Oryx 16 3 249-254 Trionychidae Journal Article Constantine-Paton, M.;Pitts, E. C.;Reh., T. A. 1983 The relationship between retinal axon ingrowth, terminal morphology, and terminal patterning in the optic tectum of the frog. Journal of Comparative Neurology 218 297-313 Journal Article Contreras, J.R. 1980 Estado actual y perspectivas conservacionistas de las poblaciones de Yacares, Caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin) y Caiman latirostris chacoensis Freiberg & Carvalho Actas II, Reun. Zool. Iberoamer. 1980 1-12 CCR, CL, distribution, conservation, South America Journal Article Cook, Francis R.;Lafontaine, J. Donald;Black, Shirley;Luciuk, Lubomyr;Lindsay, Robert V 1980 Spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata) in eastern Ontario and adjacent Quebec Canadian Field-Naturalist 94 4 411-415 Journal Article Cook, Francis R. 1983 An analysis of toads of the Bufo americanus group in a contact zone in central northern North America Publications in Natural Sciences 3 viii, 1-89 Thesis Cook, J.C. 1983 Rehabilitation of the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizi Journal Article Cook, R. P. 1983 Effects of acid precipitation on embryonic mortality of Ambystoma salamanders in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts Biological Conservation 27 77-88 Journal Article Coomber, B. L.;Scadding, S. R. 1983 Evidence for a chalone control mechanism in the limb regeneration blastema of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Cell Tissue Kinet 16 1 77-83 Animal; Cell Nucleus/physiology; Forelimb/physiology; Growth Inhibitors/*pharmacology; Kidney/physiology; Liver/physiology; Mitosis; *Regeneration/drug effects; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Extracts/*pharmacology The objective of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of chalones in the control of limb regeneration. Saline extracts of whole limb, skinned limb, kidney and liver were injected intraperitoneally, followed by 5 x 0 micrograms colchicine per g body weight into newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, bearing cone stage limb regenerates on both forelimbs. Forty-eight hours post-injection, tissues were fixed and mitotic figures and pyknotic nuclei were counted in limb blastemata, liver and kidney. Animals injected with limb extracts had significantly fewer mitotic figures in their blastemata than animals injected with other extracts. Counts of mitotic figures from kidneys and livers of animals receiving homologous extract injections were significantly lower than counts of mitotic figures from kidneys and livers of animals receiving other extract injections. This indicates that the extracts were causing tissue specific mitotic inhibition. Pyknotic nuclei were not increased by extract injection, suggesting that the extracts were not cytotoxic. It is proposed that a chalone control mechanism is present in the tissues of the regenerating newt limb. Journal Article Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1980 Lateral orange coloration in female Sceloporus undulatus: variability and refractoriness to ovarian steriods Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 51 3 256-259 Reptiles, lizards, color, steroids, Alabama, Journal Article COOPER, J. E.;MCLELLAND, M. H.;NEEDHAM, J. R. 1980 An eye infection in laboratory lizards associated with an Aeromonas sp. Lab.Anim 14 2 149-151 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, pathology, eye, infection, aeromonas Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1980 Power plant recirculation and entrainment impact: a solution for constant recirculation and once-through mortality rates Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 51 1 16-19 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1980 Power logistic population growth Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 51 4 273-279 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Garthright, C. Lynn 1980 Lateral orange coloration in female Sceloporus undulatus: variability and refractoriness to ovarian steroids Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 51 3 256-259 Journal Article Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1981 Two abnormal striping patterns in Eumeces laticeps Herp Review 12 4 103 Reptiles, lizards, color, pattern, striping, Alabama Journal Article Cooper, J. E.;Jackson, O. F 1981 Diseases of the Reptilia Academic Press Reptilia, handbook vet,vit,serp,testu,echsen,kroko Fernl a Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1981 Territorial behavior - A means of population regulation in multiple habitats Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science 52 1 1-9 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Clarke, Robert F. 1982 Steroidal induction of female reproductive coloration in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua Herpetologica 38 3 425-429 Journal Article COOPER, J.E. et al 1982 Viral particles in a papilloma from a green lizard (Lacerta viridis) Lab. Anim. 16 12-13 Reptilia, sauria, Lacerta viridis, infection, virus, papova, pathology, papilloma Journal Article Cooper, J. E. 1982 Skin diseases of reptiles and amphibians Vet. Dermatology Newsl 44-49 Reptilia, amphibia, skin, pathology vet Fernl x Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Clark, Robert F. 1982 Steroidal induction of female reproductive coloration in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua Herpetologica 38 3 425-429 Book Section Cooper, John E. 1983 Chairman's introduction: Round table on tumours Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 181 Book Section Cooper, John E.;Lawrence, L. 1983 Pathological studies on skin lesions in reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 101-111 Journal Article Cooper, J. E. ;Lawrence, K. 1983 Pathological studies on skin lesions in reptiles Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 101-111 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines pathology, skin vet WI x Journal Article Cooper, J.E.;et. al. 1983 A Neurilemmal sarcoma in a Tortoise. (Testudo hermanii) J. Comp. Path. 93 Reptilia, testudines, hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni, pathology, tumor, sarcoma, neurilemma Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Adams, Caroline S.;Dobie, James L. 1983 Female color change in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua: relationship to the reproductive cycle Southwestern Naturalist 28 3 275-280 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Adams, Caroline S.;Dobie, James L. 1983 Female color change in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua: relationship to the reproductive cycle Southwestern Naturalist 28 275-280 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Vitt, Laurie J.;Vangilder, Larry D.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1983 Natural nest sites and brooding behavior of Eumeces fasciatus Herpetological Review 14 65-66 Steel Creek Journal Article Cooper, J.E.;al., et. 1983 A Neurilemmal sarcoma in a Tortoise. (Testudo hermanii) J. Comp. Path. 93 Reptilia, testudines, hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni, pathology, tumor, sarcoma, neurilemma Journal Article Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1984 Female secondary sexual coloration and sex recognition in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua Animal Behaviour 32 1142-1150 Reptiles, lizards, behavior, color, recognition, reproduction, territories, aggression, Texas Journal Article Cooper, J.E. et al. 1984 Euthanasia of tortoises The Veterinary Record 635 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, euthanasia 210390 MDL DGB Rept 69 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1984 Female secondary sexual coloration and sex recognition in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua Animal Behaviour 32 1142-1150 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Vitt, Laurie J. 1984 Detection of conspecific odors by the female broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps Journal of Experimental Zoology 229 49-54 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Vitt, Laurie J. 1984 Conspecific odor detection by the male broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: effects of sex and site of odor source and of male reproductive condition Journal of Experimental Zoology 230 199-209 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1984 Conspecific odor detection by the male broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: effects of sex and site of odor source and of male reproductive condition Journal of Experimental Zoology 230 199-209 Kiawah Island Journal Article Cooper, William E. 1984 Female secondary sexual coloration and sex recognition in the keeled earless lizard, Holbrookia propinqua Animal Behaviour 32 1142-1150 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1984 Detection of conspecific odors by the female broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps Journal of Experimental Zoology 229 49-54 Kiawah Island Journal Article Coote, J. 1982 Snake Husbandry (part two): Feeding Snakes in Captivity Ratel 9 1 5-13 vet,serp,vit,tech PF x Journal Article Corcia, A.;Armstrong, W. M. 1983 KCl cotransport: a mechanism for basolateral chloride exit in Necturus gallbladder J Membr Biol 76 2 173-82 Animal; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane/metabolism; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chlorides/*metabolism; Comparative Study; Gallbladder/*metabolism; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus/metabolism; Potassium/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. K+ and Cl--selective double-barreled microelectrodes were used to study the effect of changes in external K+ concentration on intracellular Cl- activity (aiCl) in epithelial cells of Necturus gallbladder. Decreasing the K+ concentration simultaneously in both bathing solutions produced a decrease in aiCl. Steady-state values of aiCl were related to the values of the chemical potential gradient for K+ (delta microK) across either the apical or the basolateral cell membrane. A similar dependence between aiCl and delta microK appeared when the K+ concentration was changed in the serosal solution only. This indicates that aiCl depends on delta microK across the basolateral membrane. aiCl was virtually independent of the membrane potential. This supports the idea that both the mucosal and the basolateral membranes of Necturus gallbladder cells have very low passive permeabilities to Cl-. These results indicate that the exit of Cl- from Necturus gallbladder cells is driven by delta microK across the basolateral membrane, and suggest that KCl electroneutral coupled mechanism in this membrane plays an important role in transcellular Cl- transport. Journal Article Corey, D. P.;Dubinsky, J. M.;Schwartz, E. A. 1984 The calcium current in inner segments of rods from the salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina J Physiol (Lond) 354 557-75 Ambystoma; Animal; Calcium/*metabolism; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology; Electric Conductivity; In Vitro; Ion Channels/metabolism; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Photoreceptors/drug effects/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors Solitary rod inner segments were isolated from salamander retinae. Their Ca current was studied with the 'whole-cell, gigaseal' technique (Hamill, Marty, Neher, Sakmann & Sigworth, 1981). The soluble constituents of the cytoplasm exchanged with the solution in the pipette. The external solution could be changed during continuous perfusion. Membrane voltage was controlled with a voltage clamp. After permeant ions other than Ca were replaced with impermeant ions (i.e. tetraethylammonium as a cation, and aspartate or methanesulphonate as an anion), an inward current remained. It activated at approximately - 40 mV, reached a maximum at approximately 0 mV, and decreased as the membrane was further depolarized. The size of the current increased when Ba was substituted for external Ca. The current was blocked when Ca was replaced with Co. The voltage at which the current was half- maximum shifted from approximately -22 to -31 mV during the initial 3 min of an experiment. The maximum amplitude of the current continuously declined during the entire course of an experiment. The time course for activation of the Ca current following a step of depolarization could be described by the sum of two exponentials. The time constant of the slower exponential was voltage dependent. Deactivation following repolarization could also be described by the sum of two exponentials. Both time constants for deactivation were independent of voltage (between -30 and 0 mV) and faster than the slower time constant for activation. When the internal Ca concentration was buffered by 10 mM- EGTA, the Ca current did not inactivate during several seconds of maintained depolarization. When the concentration of EGTA was reduced to 0.1 mM, the Ca current declined and the membrane conductance decreased during several seconds of maintained depolarization. This inactivation was incomplete and only occurred after a substantial quantity of Ca entered. Following repolarization the Ca conductance recovered from inactivation. In contrast, the continuous decline observed during the course of an experiment (item 3) was not reversible. The difference suggests that inactivation and the decline are distinct processes. Journal Article Corn, P. S. 1981 Field evidence for a relationship between color and developmental rate in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) Herpetologica 37 155-160 Journal Article Corn, Paul Stephen;Bury, R. Bruce;Welsh, Hartwell H. 1984 Selected bibliography of Wyoming amphibians and reptiles Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1984 59 1-34 index Journal Article Corn, P. S.;Bury, R;B.;Welsh, H. H. 1984 Selected biolography of Wyoming amphibians and reptiles Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 59 1-34 Wyoming, amphibians, reptiles, bibliography, literature, checklist Journal Article Corn, P. S.;Fogleman., J. C. 1984 Extinction of montane populations of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado Journal of Herpetology 18 147-152 Journal Article Cornelissen, J.;M;M 1982 Een geval van legnood bij een roodwangschildpad (Chrysemys scripta elegans) Tijdskr. Diergeneeskde 1982 579 579-582 vet,testu,meth PF x Book Section Cornelius, S.E. 1982 Status of sea turtles along the Pacific Coast of Middle America Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 211-219 Journal Article Cornwall, M. C.;MacNichol, E. F., Jr.;Fein, A. 1984 Absorptance and spectral sensitivity measurements of rod photoreceptors of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum Vision Res 24 11 1651-9 Ambystoma; Animal; Electrophysiology; Membranes/physiology; Photoreceptors/*physiology; Retinal Pigments/physiology; Spectrophotometry The spectral sensitivity of the extracellularly-recorded photoresponse of isolated rods of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, was compared to the absorptance spectrum. Both measurements were made with the same optical system on the same portion of each cell to avoid errors that could occur when the two kinds of measurement were made under different conditions. The relative spectral sensitivity and absorptance spectrum were found to be in excellent agreement between 450 and 700 nm. Journal Article Corse, Wayne A.;Metterm, Dean E. 1980 Economics, Adult feeding and larval growth of Rana catesbeiana on a Fish Hatchery Journal of Herpetology 14 3 231-238 bull frog Journal Article Corvaja, N.;d'Ascanio., P. 1981 Spinal projections from the mesencephalon in the toad Brain Behav. Evol. 19 205-213 Journal Article Corwin, E.;Malvin, G. M.;Katz, S.;Malvin, R. L. 1984 Temperature sensitivity of the renin-angiotensin system in Ambystoma tigrinum Am J Physiol 246 4 Pt 2 R510-5 Angiotensin I/metabolism; Angiotensin II/pharmacology; Animal; Female; Isoproterenol/pharmacology; Kidney/enzymology; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects; Radioimmunoassay; Renin/analysis; *Renin-Angiotensin System; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; *Temperature; Urodela/*physiology The presence of a renin-angiotensin system was demonstrated in the poikilotherm Ambystoma tigrinum, commonly called the tiger salamander. Standard radioimmunoassay techniques were employed to measure the intrarenal renin activity (IRA) and the plasma renin activity (PRA) of A. tigrinum kept at either 5 or 20 degrees C. Basal IRA and PRA values were not affected by the temperature at which the animals were maintained. Intraperitoneal injection of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, however, increased PRA only in those animals maintained at 20 degrees C. This is consistent with the hypothesis of a temperature sensitivity of the renal adrenergic system in vivo. In addition, we were able to demonstrate the existence of a contractile response of Ambystoma vascular smooth muscle to angiotensin II that was blocked by the competitive inhibitor saralasin. Journal Article Costanzo, J.P. 1982 Heating and cooling rates of Terrapene ornata and Chrysemys picta in water BIOS 53 159-166 Journal Article Coulson, Roland A.;Hernandez, Thomas 1980 Oxygen debt in reptiles: relationship between the time required for repayment and metabolic rate Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65A 453-457 anolis carolinensis alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Coulson, R.A.;Hernandez, T. 1980 Oxygen debt in two reptiles: relationship between time required for repayment and metabolic rate (?Title?) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 65 4 453-457 AM, physiology, temperature, Journal Article Coulson, R.A.;Herbert, J.D. 1981 Relationship between metabolic rate and various physiological and biochemical parameters A comparison of alligator, man, and shrew Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 69A 1-13 AM, physiology, biochemistry Journal Article Coulson, R. A.;Herbert, J. D. 1982 Reaction velocities in vivo: standardization of kinetic "constants" by correction for blood flow Comp Biochem Physiol A 72 1 125-32 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Comparative Study; Dogs; *Energy Metabolism; Enzymes/*metabolism; In Vitro; Intracellular Fluid/metabolism; Kinetics; Lizards; Models, Biological; *Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Regional Blood Flow; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turtles 1. The results of kinetic studies in vitro are difficult to apply to metabolic reactions in vivo. 2. In living vertebrates reaction rates are usually first-order and for a particular reaction the rate "constant", k, varies with the several thousand-fold variations in metabolic rate. 3. Therefore, in the kinetic equation (formula: see text) since K varies with metabolic rate, Vmax and/or Km will aslo vary. 4. However, reaction rates for a series of different substrates were similar in animals varying widely in metabolic rate if corrections were made for differences in blood flow. 5. The observation that metabolic rate (reaction rate) is directly dependent on blood flow (Coulson et al., 1977) allowed derivation of new kinetic constants which were valid in vivo. 6. Introduction of a flow term into the observed first-order equations yields an "affinity constant", K, or a "flow constant", KF, somewhat analogous to Km, which allows one to predict reaction rates in animals of different metabolic rates. 7. The defining equations are (formula: see text) where V = reaction velocity in mmol/hr/kg tissue, [S] = millimolar substrate concentration in the blood, k = In 2/tau (tau the half-life) and F = blood flow in 1/hr/kg tissue. 8. Thus, K = k/F = 1/KF. The KF's for the initial step in the degradation of 17 amino acids in rats, dogs, lizards, turtles and alligators were similar, demonstrating the similarity of enzyme affinities in different species. Journal Article Coulson, R. A.;Hernandez, T. 1983 Amino acid transport in the intestine of the caiman Comp Biochem Physiol A 75 3 407-12 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Amino Acids/*metabolism; Animal; Dietary Proteins/metabolism; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism; Intestines/*metabolism; Reptiles/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors Seventeen amino acids were fed singly to small caimans and the rates of their disappearance from the gut lumen, and of their appearance in intestinal mucosa, whole intestine, whole stomach, and plasma were determined. The results were compared with those in which massive amounts of protein were fed. When single amino acids were fed, only traces of arginine, ornithine, lysine, aspartate and asparagine were absorbed intact. Glycine, alanine and serine were absorbed rapidly reaching mucosal concentrations as high as 40 mM. The others were not concentrated as highly and most were absorbed by the mucosa more slowly than the glycine group. Protein feeding did not result in high amino acid concentrations in the mucosa. Whether amino acids were ingested as protein or in the free state, glycine, alanine and glutamine increased in the mucosa, suggesting these three incorporate nitrogen released from the others. It appeared that several transport systems operate if amino acids are given singly, and that a different more efficient transport system operates during protein digestion. Book Coulson, R.A.;Hernandez, T. 1983 Alligator Metabolism: Studies on chemical reactions in vivo Oxford Pergamon Press 1-182 AM, biochemistry, physiology, Journal Article Coulson, R. A.;Herbert, J. D. 1984 Energy production per circulatory cycle: a constant in resting land vertebrates? Comp Biochem Physiol A 79 1 133-6 Alligators and Crocodiles; Amino Acids/metabolism; Animal; Blood Flow Velocity; Body Temperature; Comparative Study; Dogs; *Energy Metabolism; Half-Life; *Hemodynamics; Lizards; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Regional Blood Flow; Species Specificity; Turtles Correcting for differences in blood flow, resting alligators, caimans, lizards, turtles, rats and dogs deaminated amino acids at the same rate. Each produced about 21 calories/kg during one complete circulatory revolution, irrespective of body temperature, size or species. Uniform O2 and substrate A-V differences are responsible for the phenomenon. Journal Article Coulson, R. A.;Herbert, J. D. 1984 A role for carbonic anhydrase in intermediary metabolism Ann N Y Acad Sci 429 505-15 Alligators and Crocodiles; Amino Acids/biosynthesis; Ammonia/metabolism; Animal; Bicarbonates/metabolism; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism; Carbonate Dehydratase/*metabolism; Fatty Acids/biosynthesis; Gluconeogenesis; Kidney/physiology; Lactates/metabolism; Liver/metabolism; Lizards; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Book Section Coulson, R. A. 1984 How metabolic rate and anaerobic glycolysis determine the habits of reptiles Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 425-441 Book Council, International Research 1983 Crocodiles as a resource for the tropics Washington, D.C. National Academy Press management, utilization, conservation, Journal Article Covacevich, Jeanette A.;McDonald, Keith R. 1980 Two new species of skinks from mid-eastern Queensland rainforest Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20 1 95-101, 1 plate Sphenomorphus luteilateralis sp. nov.; Sphenomorphus amplus sp. nov. Journal Article Covacevich, Jeanette A. 1984 A biogeographically significant new species of Leiolopisma (Scincidae) from north eastern Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 21 2 401-411 Leiolopisma jigurru sp. nov. Journal Article Covacevich, Jeanette 1984/1985 Book Review: The Cold-Blooded Australians. A Unique Photographic Study of Australia's Reptiles, Amphibians, and Freshwater Fish Herpetofauna 16 1-2 28 Book Review Journal Article Cox, W. A.;Nowak, M. C.;Marion, K. R. 1980 Observations on courtship and mating behavior in the musk turtle, Sternotherus minor Journal of Herpetology 14 2 200-204 reptiles, turtles, reproduction, Journal Article Cox, W.;R;W;A;Rapley, and I.;K.;Barker 1980 Herpesvirus-like infection in a painted turtle J. Wildl. Diseases 1980 445 445-449 vet,testu,virus PF x Journal Article Cox, William A.;Nowak, Martin C.;Marion, Ken R. 1980 Observations on courtship and mating behavior in the Musk turtle, Sternotherus minor Journal of Herpetology 14 2 200-204 reproduction Journal Article Cox, W.;R;W;A;Rapley;I.;K.;Barker 1980 Herpesvirus-like infection in a painted turtle J. Wildl. Diseases 1980 445 445-449 vet,testu,virus PF x Journal Article Cox, T. C.;Alvarado., R. H. 1983 Nystatin studies of skin of larval Rana catesbeiana American Journal of Physiology 244R 58-65 Journal Article Cox, D. L.;Koob, T. J.;Mecham, R. P.;Sexton, O. J. 1984 External incubation alters the composition of squamate eggshells Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 79 3 481-7 Amino Acids/analysis; Animal; Calcium/analysis; Comparative Study; Egg Shell/*analysis; Female; Lizards/*metabolism; Oviposition; Proteins/analysis; Snakes/*metabolism; Species Specificity Eggshells of the skink, Eumeces fasciatus, and of the rough green snake, Opheodrys vernalis, contain 28-40% of total shell mass as calcium at oviposition. After incubation, both calcium concentration and content were reduced 17-41%. Protein accounted for 33-65% of shell mass in Eumeces and Opheodrys eggshells at oviposition. Reductions in protein concentration and content from 22-86% following incubation were observed. Comparing amino acid compositions of eggshells collected following oviposition with those collected from the same clutch after hatching reveals similarities among all eggshells except those of Eumeces from Michigan which lack desmosine and isodesmosine. Concentrations of desmosines in eggshells from Missouri and Michigan Eumeces appeared to decrease following incubation by 49.7% and 12.2%, respectively. Although neither the mechanisms involved in apparent losses of calcium and protein, nor the fate of the mobilized materials are known, possible pathways for mobilization of eggshell constituents are outlined and their pertinence to the physiology of squamate eggs and the evolution of viviparity in reptiles is suggested. Journal Article Crabtree, Claude B.;Murphy, Robert W. 1984 Analysis of maternal-offspring allozymes in Crotalus viridis Journal of Herpetology 18 1 75-80 electrophoresis population genetics Journal Article Cracoviensia, Acta Biologica 1980 22(1): 1-130 + 20 plates Journal Article Craig, R. J. 1980 The northeastern range limit of the eastern mud turtle Kinosternon s. subrubrum (Lacepede) Journal of Herpetology 14 3 295-297 Reptiles, turtles, distribution, Connecticut, locolity Journal Article Craig, Robert J.;Klemmons, Michael W.;Craig, Susan S. 1980 The Northeastern Range Limit of the Eastern Mud Turtle Kinosternon s.subrubrum(Lacepede) Journal of Herpetology 14 3 295-296 geographic distribution Journal Article Crane, S.W.;Curtiss, M.;Jacopson, E.R.;Webb, A. 1980 Neutralization bone-plating repair of a fractured humerus in an Aldabra tortoise J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 177 9 945-948 Reptilia, testudines, aldabra tortoise, pathology, fracture, repair 210390 MDL DGB Rept 47 Journal Article Crastz, F 1982 Embryological stages of the marine turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz) 30 2 113-120 ridley/sex ratio Journal Article Crawford, K. M.;Spotila, J. R.;Standora, E. A. 1983 Operative environmental temperatures and basking behavior of the turtle Pseudemys scripta Ecology 64 5 989-999 Reptiles, turtles, trachemys, basking, behavioral thermoregulation, microclimate, operative environmental temperature, South Carolina, thermal Report Crawshaw, P.G., Jr.;Schaller, G.B. 1980 Nesting of Paraguayan caiman (Caiman jacare) in Brazil Journal Article Crawshaw, P.G., Jr.;Schaller, G.B. 1980 Nesting of Paraguayan caiman (Caiman jacare) in Brazil 33 283-292 CY, nesting, parental care, vocalization, South America Journal Article Cree, Alison 1984 Breeding biology, respiration, and larval development of two introduced frogs (Litoria raniformis and L. ewingi) New Zealand Journal of Zoology 11 179-188 Journal Article Crespo, E. G. 1981 Contribuçao para o conhecimento da biología das espécies Ibéricas de Alytes, Alytes obstetricans boscai (Lataste 1879) e Alytes cisternasii (Boscá 1879) (Amphibia Discoglossidae). Emissoes sonoras Arqu. Mus. Bocage. Sér. C. 1 3 57-75 Alytes, Discoglossidae, Anura Book Section Creusere, F. Michael;Whitford, Walter G. 1982 Temporal and spatial resource partitioning in a Chihuahuan Desert lizard community Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 121-127 cnemidophorus tigris holbrookia texana uta stansburiana sceloporus magister phrynosoma modestum cornutum crotaphytus wislizenii Journal Article Crews, D. 1980 Studies in squamate sexuality BioScience 30 12 835-838 reptiles, lizards, snakes, sex, behavior, pheromones, chemical, Book Section Crews, D.;Gustafson, J. E.;Tokarz, R. E. 1982 Psychobiology of parthenogenesis Huey, R. B. Lizard Ecology: Studies of a model organism Harvard Univ. Press 247-266 reptiles, lizards, behavior, reproduction, Cnemidophorus, Journal Article Crews, David;Garstka, William R. 1982 The ecological physiology of a garter snake Scientific American 247 5 158-168 cnemidophorus parthenogenesis uniparens inornatus pseudocopulation Journal Article Crews, D. 1984 Gamete production, sex hormone secretion, and mating behavior uncoupled Hormones and Behavior 18 22-28 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, alternate reproductive tactics Journal Article Crews, D.;Camazine, B.;Diamond, M.;Mason, R.;Tokarz, R. R.;Garstka, W. R. 1984 Hormonal independence of courtship behavior in the male garter snake Horm. Behav. 18 1 29-41 Adrenal Glands/physiology; Animal; Castration; *Courtship; Hibernation; Male; Pituitary Gland/physiology; Seasons; Sex Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Sex Hormones/*blood; Snakes/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Testis/growth & development; Testosterone/blood Garter snakes exhibit a dissociated reproductive tactic in which gonadal activity is minimal at the time of mating, increasing only after the breeding season has ended. Experiments are presented demonstrating that neither short-term nor longterm castration affects courtship behavior in adult male red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). So long as males have passed through a low- temperature dormancy period (hibernation), castration either shortly after emergence in the spring, or before entering winter dormancy in the fall, does not prevent the display of intense courtship behavior on emergence. Similarly, males castrated during mating activity the previous spring prior to the annual testicular growth phase actively courted females on emergence from hibernation. Males adrenalectomized and castrated during low-temperature dormancy also courted females on emergence. Hypophysectomy during or before low-temperature dormancy did not prevent males from displaying high-intensity courtship behavior on emergence from hibernation. Treatment with sex steroid hormones, as well as hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, and a variety of neural and metabolic affectors also fails to elicit courtship behavior in noncourting males during the summer. It was concluded that causal mechanisms controlling courtship behavior in the red-sided garter snake are fundamentally different, at least at the physiological level, from those mechanisms described for many laboratory and domesticated species. Journal Article Critchley, K.H.;Wood, J.R.;Wood, F.E. 1983 An alternative method to sand-packed incubation of sea turtle eggs Herpetological Review 14 2 42 green/tsd Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1982 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland ISBN 2-8032-209-X 409 pp Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1984 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland ISBN 2-88032-905-1 ix + 219 pp Journal Article Crombie, R. I.;Heyer, W. R. 1983 Leptodactylus longirostris (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Advertisement call, tadpole, ecological and distributional notes Rev. Brasil. Biol. 43 3 291-296 Amphibia, morphology, reproductive biology, calling, vocalization Journal Article Crombie, R. I.;Steadman, D. W.;Barber, J. C. 1983 A preliminary survey of the vertebrates of Cabarita Island, St. Mary Parish, Jamaica Atoll Research Bulletin 280 1-12 reptiles, amphibians, Caribbean, Journal Article Crombie, Ronald I.;Steadman, David W.;Barber, John C. 1984 A preliminary survey of the vertebrates of Cabarita Island, St. Mary Parish, Jamaica Atoll Research Bulletin 280 1-12, 4 plates Journal Article Crouse, Deborah T. 1984 Incidental capture of sea turtles by commercial fisheries Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1984 62 1-8 mortality Journal Article Crouse, D. T. 1984 Incidental capture of sea turtlesby commercial fisheries Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1984 1-8 sea turtles, fisheries, fishing, capture Journal Article Crumly, C.R. 1982 A cladistic analysis of Geochelone using cranial osteology Journal of Herpetology 16 3 215-234 Journal Article Crumly, C.R. 1982 The parietal foramen in turtles J. Herpetolo. 16(3):317-320 16 3 317-320 Journal Article Crumly, Charles R. 1983 An annotated checklist of the fossil tortoises of China and Mongolia Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 3 567-580 Fossils; China; Mongolia Journal Article Crumly, Charles R. 1984 The cranial morphometry of Galapagos tortoises Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 43 9 111-121 Book Section Crumly, C.R. 1984 A hypothesis for the relationships of land tortoise genera (Family Testudinidae) Jimenez-F., De Broin & Studia Geologica Salmanticensia especial 1(Studia Palaeocheloniologica I) Paris 115-124 Thesis Crumly, C.R. 1984 The evolution of land tortoises (Family Testudinidae) Journal Article Crump, Martha L. 1981 Variation in propagule size as a function of environmental uncertainty for tree frogs American Naturalist 117 5 724-737 hylabifurca brevifrons triangulum Journal Article Crump, M. L. 1981 Energy accumulation and amphibian metamorphosis Oecologia 49 167-169 Book Section Crump, Martha L. 1982 Amphibian reproductive ecology on the community level Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 21-36 Journal Article Crump, M. L. 1983 Opportunistic cannibalism by amphibian larvae in temporary aquatic environments The American Naturalist 121 281-287 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles, cannibalism, feeding strategies Journal Article Crump, Martha L. 1984 Intraclutch egg size variability in Hyla crucifer (Anura: Hylidae) Copeia 1984 2 302-308 Journal Article Crump, M. L. 1984 Ontogenetic changes in vulnerability to predation in tadpoles of Hyla pseudopuma Herpetologica 40 265-271 Journal Article Cuellar, O. 1984 Histocompatibility in Hawaiian and polynesian populations of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris Evolution 38 176-185 Reptilia, sauria, gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris, genetics, histocompatibility, parthenogenesis Journal Article Cuéllar, O. 1981 Long-term analysis of reproductive periodicity in the lizard Cnemidorphorus uniparens American Midland Naturalist 105 1 93-101 reptiles, unisexual, parthenogenesis, reproduction Journal Article Cuéllar, O. 1983 Histocompatibility in Hawaiian and Polynesian populations of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris Evolution reptiles, lizards, intraspecific Journal Article Cuéllar, O. 1983 Experimental analysis of intraspecific competition in parthenogenetic and sexual species of Cnemidophorus lizards NSF Proposal reptiles, reproduction, ecology, unisexual, Journal Article Cuéllar, O. 1984 Histocompatibility in Hawaiian and Polynesian populations of the parthenogenetic gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris Evolution 38 1 176-185 reptiles, lizards, relations, transplant, unisexual, Journal Article Culjak, K. e.a. 1980 Fusocellular sarcoma in Indian python Erkr. der Zootiere 22 311-312 Reptilia, serpentes, Indian python, pathology, tumor, Fusocellular sarcoma cloacal region, mechanical ileus, histological findings 110690 MDL DGB Journal Article Culley, Dudley, D. Jr;Sotiaridis, P. K. 1983 Progress and problems associated with bullfrog tadpole diets and nutrition. Proceedings.of.the.Third.Annual.Dr.Scholl.Conference.on.the.Nutrition.of.Captive.Wild.Animals.Thomas.P.Meehan.and.Mary.E.Allen,.editors Amphibia, anura, bullfrog tadpole, diet, nutrition PREX Journal Article Culpepper, R. 1983 Gators make profit on poor land Florida Grower & Rancher 76 1 10 AM, farming, FL Journal Article Cundall, David 1981 Cranial osteology of the colubrid snake genus Opheodrys Copeia 1981 2 353-371 Journal Article Cundall, David 1981 Cranial osteology of the Colubrid snake genus Opheodrys Copeia 1981 2 353-371 Opheodrys, osteology Journal Article Cundall, David 1983 Activity of head muscles during feeding by snakes: a comparative study American Zoologist 23 383-396 Journal Article Cundall, David;Rossman, Douglas A. 1984 Quantitative comparisons of skull form in the colubrid snake genera Farancia and Pseudoeryx Herpetologica 40 4 388-405 Journal Article Cundall, D.;Rossman, D. A. 1984 Quantitative comparisons of skull form in the colubrid snake genera Farancia and Pseudoeryx Herpetologica 40 4 388-405 Farancia abacura, F. erytogramma, morphology, systematics Journal Article Cunha, O. R. da 1981 Ofidios da Amazonia VIII - I-A ocorrencia de Bothrops bilineatus bilineatus (Wied) nas matas dos arredores de Belem, Para (Ophidia,, Crotalidae) Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 66 1-12 reptiles, snakes, ecology, distribution, Brazil, Journal Article Cunha, O. R. da 1981 Lacertilios da Amazonia VII - Lagartos da regiao norte do territorio federal de Roraima, Brasil. (Lacertilia; Gekkonidae, Iguanidae, Scincidae e Teiidae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 107 1-25 reptiles, lizards, ecology, distribution, Brazil, Coleodactylus, Gymnomphtalmus, Mabuya Journal Article Cunha, O. R. da 1981 Lacertilios da Amazonia VIII - Sobre Ophryoessoides tricristatus Dumeril, 1851, com redescricao da especie e notas sobre ecologia e distribuicao na regiao leste do Para. (Lacertilia, Iguanidae) Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 108 1-23 reptiles, lizards, species redescription, ecology, distribution, Brazil Journal Article Cunha, Osvaldo Rodrigues da;Nascimento, Francisco Paiva do 1982 Ofídios da Amazônia XV. As espécies de IChironius da Amazônia Oriental (Pará, Amapá e Maranhão). (Ophidia: Colubridae) Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 139-172 Journal Article Cunha, O. R. da;Nascimento, F. P. do 1983 Ofidios da Amazonia XX-As especies de Atractus Wagler, 1828, na Amazonia oriental e maranhao. (Ophidia, Colubridae) Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 123 1-38 reptiles, snakes, ecology, distribution, Brazil Journal Article Cunha, Osvaldo Rodrigues da;Nascimento, Francisco Paiva do 1983 Ofídios da Amazônia XX. As espécies de Atractus Wagler, 1828, na Amazônia oriental e Maranhão (Ophidia, Colubridae) Boletim do museu Paranese Emílio Goeldi 123 1-38, 2 plates Journal Article Cupp, P. V., Jr. 1980 Thermal tolerance of five salientian amphibians during development and metamorphosis Herpetologica 36 234-244 Journal Article Custer, R.S.;Bush, M. 1980 Physiologic and acid-base measures of gopher snakes during ketamine or halothane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 177 9 870-874 Reptilia, serpentes,gopher snake, anesthesia, ketamine or halothane-nitrous oxide, acid-base measures 270390 MDL DGB Rept 106 Journal Article Czajka, A. F. 1981 Gelatin-bonded food for turtles Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 16 2 40-41 testu,vit PF x Journal Article Czechura, Gregory V.;Wombey, John 1982 Three new striped skinks, (Ctenotus, Lacertilia, Scincidae) from Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20 3 639-645, 1 plate Ctenotus arcanus sp. nov.; Ctenotus ingrami sp. nov.; Ctenotus eurydice sp. nov. Journal Article D'Aulaire, Emily;D'Aulaire, Per Ola 1980 Meet the sea snake -- cautiously International Wildlife 1980 July/August 41-47 Journal Article Da Cruz, C. A. G. 1980 Descrição de uma nova espécie de Phyllomedusinae do Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 40 683-687 Journal Article Da Cruz, C. A. G.;Peixoto., O. L. 1980 Observações sobre a larva de Proceratophrys appendiculata (Günther, 1873)(Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 40 491-493 Journal Article Da Cruz, C. A. G.;Peixoto., O. L. 1980 Notas sobre o girino de Sphaenorhynchus orophilus (Lutz & Lutz, 1938)(Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 40 383-386 Journal Article Da Cruz, C. A. G. 1982 Descrição de grupos espécies de Phyllomedusinae Brasileiras com base em caracteres larvários (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Arq. Univ. Fed. Rural Rio de Janeiro 5 147-171 Journal Article Dacey, D. M. 1982 Axon morphology of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons in a snake, Thamnophis sirtalis J Comp Neurol 204 3 268-79 Animal; Axons/*ultrastructure; Comparative Study; Horseradish Peroxidase/diagnostic use; Mesencephalon/cytology/*ultrastructure; Neurons/*ultrastructure; Snakes/*anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Trigeminal Nuclei/cytology/*ultrastructure The morphology of single axons of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons (Mes V) was studied in the eastern garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) by solid filling them with an extracellular horseradish peroxidase technique. Each Mes V axon can be divided into central, peripheral, and descending branches. The central branch descends from its soma of origin in the mid-brain to the dorsal aspect of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal (Motor V) and the motor root, where it splits into peripheral and descending branches. The descending branch travels caudally from Motor V to the brainstem-spinal cord junction. The peripheral branch passes dorsal to motor V and joins the motor root of V to exit the brainstem. All three branches issue a massive collateral system that distributes terminal swelling within the nuclear boundaries of Motor V. Single Mes V axons diverge to sparsely contact a large number of motoneurons throughout the nucleus, suggesting that single motoneurons receive a convergent input from many Mes V neurons. Since Motor V contains multiple, highly overlapping motor pools, single afferents are positioned to contact different motor pools. The descending branch is situated medial and adjacent to the spinal sensory nucleus of the trigeminal (Sensory V). It issues a collateral field to the entire length of Sensory V. The terminal swellings of these collaterals form rostrocaudally aligned sheets, flattened in the horizontal plane. Single terminal sheets have a divergent projection to a large field of sensory cells and single, fusiform sensory cells are positioned to receive a convergent projection from many terminal sheets. The results provide the first detailed description of Mes V axon morphology. The overall pattern of these axons closely resembles that recently described for spinal Ia afferent fibers in cat. There is evidence in both cases for divergence of single afferent terminal fields to set of spatially overlapping motor pools and a convergence of input to single motoneurons from a large population of afferents. This anatomical pattern is consistent with the recently proposed role of sensory feedback in the activity of single motoneurons. Journal Article Dacey, D. M.;Ulinski, P. S. 1983 Nucleus rotundus in a snake, Thamnophis sirtalis: an analysis of a nonretinotopic projection J Comp Neurol 216 2 175-91 Animal; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Snakes/*anatomy & histology; Species Specificity; Superior Colliculus/anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thalamic Nuclei/*anatomy & histology/cytology/physiology; Turtles/anatomy & histology; Visual Pathways/anatomy & histology; Visual Perception/physiology Nucleus rotundus, a tectorecipient thalamic nucleus in reptiles and birds, is described for the first time in a snake. The morphology of rotundal neurons and tectorotundal axons was studied at the light microscopic level by using anterograde and retrograde filling with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Injections of HRP in the dorsal ventricular ridge retrogradely fill neurons in rotundus. Rotundus is situated centrally in the caudal diencephalon medial to the cell plate of the retinorecipient geniculate complex and ventrolateral to the lentiform thalamic nucleus. The dendrites of rotundal neurons are long and radiate, but are confined within the cytoarchitectonically defined borders of the nucleus. Injections of HRP into the optic tectum anterogradely fill axons that project to rotundus bilaterally via the tectothalamic tract. Small injections show that axons arising from a single tectal locus distribute to all sectors of rotundus. Thus, this projection may not be retinotopically organized. However, single axons reconstructed through serial sections form spatially restricted, sheetlike terminal fields that pass caudorostrally through the entire extent of rotundus. Several hypotheses on the functional significance of such organized but nonretinotopic visual projections are discussed. Journal Article Daele, F. van 1980 Geslaagde kweek van Mabuya brevicollis in het terrarium Lacerta 38 9 85-87 Journal Article Dalrymple, G. H. 1980 Comments on the density and diet of a giant anole Anolis equestris Journal of Herpetology 14 4 412-415 reptiles, lizards, food, diet, Journal Article Dalrymple, George H. 1980 Comments on the Density and Diet of ta Giant Anole, Anolis equestris Journal of Herpetology 14 4 412-414 cuban, knight Journal Article Dalrymple, G. H.;Reichenbach, N. G. 1981 Interactions between the prairie garter snake (Thamnophis radix) and the common garter snake (T. sirtalis) in Killdeer plains, Wyandot County, Ohio Ohio Biol. Surv. Biol. Notes 15 244-250 reptiles, snakes, temperature, thermal, water loss, food, activity, reproduction, clutch, demographics, distribution, density, habitat Journal Article Dalrymple, G. H.;Reichenbach, N. G. 1984 Management of an endangered species of snake in Ohio, USA Biological Conservation 30 195-200 reptiles, snakes, Thamnophis, conservation Journal Article Daly, John W.;Myers, Charles W.;Warnick, Jordan E.;Albuquerque, Edson X. 1980 Levels of batrachotoxin and lack of sensitivity to its action in poison-dart frogs (Phyllobates) Science 208 1383-1385 Phyllobates Journal Article Daly, John W.;Highet, Robert J.;Myers, Charles W. 1984 Occurrence of skin alkaloids in non-dendrobatid frogs from Brazil (Bufonidae), Australia (Myobatrachidae) and Madagascar (Mantellinae) Toxicon 22 6 905-919 Skin alkaloids; Melanophryniscus moreirae; Mantella aurantiaca; Pseudophryne semimarmorata; Pseudophryne corroboree; Mantella madagascariensis Journal Article Daly, John W.;Highet, Robert J.;Myers, Charles W. 1984 Occurence of skin alkaloids in non-dendrobatid frogs from Brazil (Bufonidae), Australia (Myobatrachidae) and Madagascar (Mantellinae) Toxicon 22 6 905-919 Journal Article Daniel, H. 1980 Dianne, the turtle, is tracked by satellite NOAA News 5 16 8 Journal Article Daniel, Paul M. 1984 The herpetofauna of Adams County, Ohio Ohio Journal of Science 84 35-43 Thesis Daniels, C. B. 1981 General Conclusions Journal Article Daniels, Christopher B. 1983 Running: An escape strategy enhanced by autotomy Herpetologica 3 2 162-165 Reptiles, lizards, Phyllodactylus marmoratus, gecko, autotomy, running, locomotion, quadrupedal Journal Article Daniels, Christopher B. 1983 Running: an escape strategy enhanced by autotomy Herpetologica 39 2 162-165 Journal Article Daniels, Christopher B.;Simbotwe, Malumo P. 1984 The biology of Acanthocephalan parasites of Australian skinks Journal of Herpetology 18 2 211-213 Journal Article Daniels, Christopher;Heatwole, Harold 1984/1985 Predators of the water skink, Shpenomorphus quoyii Herpetofauna 16 1-2 6-15 Sphenomorphus quoyii; Predators Journal Article Danos, S. O.;Maki, J. S.;Remsen., C. C. 1983 Stratification of microorganisms and nutrients in the surface microlayer of small freshwater ponds Hydrobiologia 98 193-202 Journal Article Dantzler, W. H. 1980 Significance of comparative studies for renal physiology Am J Physiol 238 6 F437-44 Alligators and Crocodiles/physiology; Amphibia/physiology; Animal; Biological Transport; Chickens/physiology; Comparative Study; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney/*physiology; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Tubules/metabolism; Quail/physiology; Reptiles/physiology; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turtles/physiology Comparative studies contribute significantly to determining principles of renal physiology. Examples of comparative relationships important for past, current, or future studies are discussed. Structural simplicity of the avian glomerulus may permit detailed analysis of filtration pressure profiles. Alterations in nephron function, redistribution of filtration among nephron populations, and control by antidiuretic hormone and other factors are readily demonstrable in nonmammalian vertebrates. Studies of the distal tubule-glomerular feedback mechanism may be particularly revealing in nephrons of nonmammalian vertebrates, many of which lack a macula densa. The influence of volume flow rate in collecting ducts on the concentrating mechanism can be analyzed readily in avian kidneys in which glomerular intermittency influences such flow. The structure of Henle's loops may be related to the importance of sodium, chloride, and urea in avian and mammalian concentrating mechanisms. Perfusion of isolated reptilian renal tubules to study urate transport has also raised questions about fluid absorption and may permit more detailed analysis of some other transport systems than perfusion of mammalian tubules. Simplicity of some nonmammalian systems and exaggerated functions in these systems should continue to make them useful for revealing basic principles of renal function. Edited Book Darevsky, I. S. 1981 [Fifth Herpetological Conference: The Problems of Herpetology] Academy of Sciences of the USSR 164 Edited Book Darevsky, Ilja S. 1981 The Problems of Herpetology: Fifth Herpetological Conference Nauka 164 Journal Article Das, G.M. 1981 Conservation and research on gharials in Orissa Indian Forester 107 1 42-50 GG, conservation, distribution, ecology, India Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1984 Occurrence of the Indian salamander (Tylotriton verrucosus) in Shillong Hamadryad 9 2 11 Tylotriton verrucosus Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1984 Record length of the Brahminy River turtle Hardella thurjii Hamadryad 9 3 18 Hardella thurjii Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1984 Ridley hatchlings at Gahirmatha Hamadryad 9 2 20 Lepidochelys olivacea Journal Article Dash, Madhab C.;Hota, Ashok K. 1980 Density effects on the survival, growth rate, and metamorphosis of Rana tigrina tadpoles Ecology 61 5 1025-1028 41.00 Journal Article Dash, M. C.;Hota., A. K. 1980 Density effects on the survival, growth rate, and metamorphosis of Rana tigrina tadpoles. Ecology 61 1025-1028 Journal Article Dattari, Shekar 1981 Ten days in Kalakkadu Hamadryad 6 3 5-6 Journal Article Dattatri, Shekar 1982 Sea turtles in Sri Lanka Hamadryad 7 3 19-20 Journal Article Dattatri, Shanker 1983 Turtle survey in southern Sri Lanka Hamadryad 8 3 15-17 Journal Article Dattatri, S. 1983 Pythons perform again Hamadryad 8 2 6 Journal Article Dattatri, Shekar 1984 A case of cannibalism in wild kraits (Bungarus caeruleus) Hamadryad 9 2 7 Journal Article Dattatri, Shekar 1984 Herp guide to Sri Lanka Hamadryad 9 2 15-18 Journal Article Dattatri, Shekar 1984 Oral antidote for cobra poison Hamadryad 9 3 7-8 Journal Article Dattatri, Shekar 1984 An instance of the hump nosed viper Hypnale (=Agkistrodon) hypnale breeding in captivity Hamadryad 9 3 2-3 Hypnale hypnale Journal Article Dauça, M.;Hourdry, J.;Hugon, J. S.;Ménard, D. 1980 Amphibian intestinal brush border enzymes during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. A biochemical and cytochemical study. Histochemistry 70 33-42 Journal Article Dauça, M.;R. Calvert, D. Ménard, J. S. Hugon;Hourdry., J. 1982 Development of peroxisomes in amphibians. II. Cytochemical and biochemical studies on the liver, kidney and pancreas. Journal of Experimental Zoology 223 57-65 Journal Article Dauça, M.;Hourdry., J. 1983 Modifications du régime alimentaire chez les amphibiens anoures en métamorphose Soc. Zool. Paris 108 409-415 Journal Article Dauça, M.;R. Calvert, D. Ménard, J. S. Hugon;Hourdry., J. 1983 Development of peroxisomes in amphibians. III. Study on liver, kidney, and intestine during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. Journal of Experimental Zoology 227 413-422 Journal Article Daugherty, Charles H.;Maxson, Linda R. 1982 A biochemical assessment of the Evolution of Myobatrachine frogs Herpetologica 38 3 341-348 Anura; Myobatrachinae; Albumin; evolution; Micro-complement fixation; Ranidella; Crinia; Arenophryne; Assa; Geocrinia; Myobatrachus; Paracrinia; Pseudophryne; Rheobatrachus; Taudactylus; Uperoleia Journal Article Daugherty, Charles H.;Maxson, Linda R. 1982 A biochemical assessment of the evolution of Myobatrachine frogs Herpetologica 38 3 341-348 Journal Article Daughtery, C. H.;Sheldon., A. L. 1982 Age-determination, growth, and life history of a Montana population of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei). Herpetologica 38 461-468 Conference Proceedings Davenport, M.L.;Soyster, E.S. 1980 Behavioral observations on a captive group of Cuban crocodiles, Crocodylus rhombifer (Abstract only) Journal Article Davenport, M. 1982 Natural history notes: Alligator sinensis, reproduction/aging Herpetol. Rev. 13 3 94-95 AS, reproduction, age, captive breeding, Conference Proceedings David, J.E.;Spotila, J.R.;Schefer, W.C. 1980 Evaporative water loss from the skin and respiratory tract of alligator, Alligator mississippiensis (Abstract only) Journal Article David, R. S.;Jaeger, R. G. 1981 Prey location through chemical cues by a terrestrial salamander Copeia 1981 2 435-440 amphibians, plethodon, feeding, activity Journal Article Davidar, Mark 1983 Crocodiles at Varakaliyar Hamadryad 8 3 26 Journal Article Davidge, C. 1980 Reproduction in the herpetofaunal community of a Banksia woodland near Perth, W.A. Aust. J. Zool. 28 435-443 reptiles, amphibians, reproductive biology, australia Book Section DAVIES, P.M.C. 1981 Anatomy and physiology Cooper, J.E., Jackson, O.F. Diseases of the Reptilia London, New York Academic Press 1 9-50 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, physiology, excretion Book Section Davies, P.M.C. 1981 Anatomy and physiology Cooper, J.E., Jackson, O.F. Diseases of the Reptilia London, New York Academic Press 1 9-50 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, physiology, excretion Thesis Davies, M. 1981 Aspects of the social and spatial experience of eastern box turtles, Terrapene carolina carolina Journal Article Davies, D. G.;Thomas, J. L.;Smith, E. N. 1982 Effect of body temperature on ventilatory control in the alligator J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Excercise Physiol. 52 1 114-118 Journal Article Davies, Margaret;Burton, Thomas C. 1982 Osteology and Myology of the gastric brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus Liem (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Aust. J. Zool. 30 503-21 Amphibia, anura, osteology, myology, morphology, Myobatrachidae, myology, muscles, Journal Article Davies, Margaret 1984 Osteology of the myobatrachine frog Arenophryne rotunda Tyler (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and comparisons with other myobatrachine genera Aust. J. Zool. 32 789-802 Amphibia, anura, osteology, morphology, characters, Myobatrachidae, systematics Journal Article Davis, J. 1980 The times of mating and oviposition of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 102 Reptiles, lizards, California, mating, egg laying, Journal Article Davis, John E.;Spotila, James R.;Schefler, William C. 1980 Evaporative water loss from the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis: the relative importance of respiratory and cutaneous components and the regulatory role of the skin Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 439-446 Journal Article Davis, John 1980 The times of mating and oviposition of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis occidentalis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 102 Journal Article Davis, John 1980 The times of mating and oviposition of the Western Fence Lizard, Sceloporusoccidentalisoccidentalis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 102 reproduction, lizard Report Davis, G.;Payne, J. 1982 A faunal survey of Sabah Journal Article Davis, D. S.;Gilhen, J. 1982 An observation of the transportation of pea clams, Pisidium adamsi by blue-spotted salamanders, Ambystoma laterale Canadian Field Naturalist 96 2 213-215 Journal Article Davis, M. R.;Constantine-Paton., M. 1983 Hyperplasia in the spinal sensory system of the frog. I. Plasticity in the most caudal dorsal root ganglion. Journal of Comparative Neurology 221 444-452 Journal Article Davis, Ruby 1984 Tort-Group report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 106-107 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Davison, G. W. H. 1984 Foot-flagging display in Bornean frogs Sarawak Museum Journal 33 54 177-178 Journal Article Dawley, E. M. 1984 Identification of sex through odors by male red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens Herpetologica 40 2 101-105 Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae, water-borne, chemical cues Journal Article Dawley, Ellen M. 1984 Recognition of individual, sex and species odours by salamanders of the Plethodon glutinosus-P.jordani complex Animal Behaviour 32 353-361 Journal Article Day, J.F.;Curtis, G.A. 1983 Opportunistic blood-feeding on egg-laying sea turtles by salt marsh mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Florida Entomol. 66 359-360 Journal Article De Albuja, Carmen M.;Campos, Margarita;Pino, Eugenia M. Del 1983 Role of progesterone on oocyte maturation in the egg-brooding hylid frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler) The Journal of Morphology 227 271-276 Amphibia, anura, development, hormones, early development, Journal Article De Albuja, C. M.;Campos, M.;Pino., E. M. Del 1983 Role of progesterone in oocyte maturation in the egg-brooding hylid frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler) Journal of Experimental Zoology 227 271-276 Journal Article De La Lande, I. S.;O'Brien, P. E.;Shearman, D. J. C.;Taylor, P.;Tyler, M. J. 1984 On the possible role of prostaglandin E2 in intestinal stasis in the gastric brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus The Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 62 317-323 Amphibia, Anura Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin 1982 The scleral ossicles of sceloporine iguanids: a reexamination with comments on their phylogenetic significance Herpetologica 38 2 302-311 Journal Article de Queiroz, Alan 1984 Effects of prey type on the prey-handling behavior of the bullsnake, Pituophis melanoleucus Journal of Herpetology 18 3 333-336 Lampropeltis triangulum getulus getula Journal Article De Saint-Aubain, M. L. 1981 Shunts in the gill filament in tadpoles of Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura) Journal of Experimental Zoology 217 143-145 Journal Article De Saint-Aubain, M. L. 1982 The morphology of amphibian skin vascularization before and after metamorphosis Zoomorphology 100 55-63 Journal Article de Sá, Rafael O. 1983 Descripcion de la Larva de Argenteohyla siemersi (Mertens, 1937), (Anura: Hylidae) Res. Com. J. C. Nat. Montevido 3 40-41 Journal Article De Sá, R.O. 1983 Descripcion de la larva de Argenteohyla siemersi (Mertens, 1937), (Anura: Hylidae) Res. J. Cienc. Nat. Montevideo 3 40-41 Book De Silva, P.H.D.H. 1980 Snakes of Sri Lanka with Special Reference to Skull, Dentition and Venom in Snakes Colombo, Sri Lanka National Museums of Sri Lanka xii + 472 Journal Article de Silva, Anslem 1980 Snakes in Peradeniya Campus, Sri Lanka Hamadryad 5 1 7-8 Journal Article De Silva, P.H.D.H. 1980 Snake Fauna of Sri Lanka with Special Reference to Skull, Dentition and Venom in Snakes Spolia Zeylanica 34 1/2 xii, 1-472, frontis and 57 plates Report De Vos, A. 1982 A manual on crocodile conservation & management in India Journal Article Dean, Rob;Steinbach, Don W. 1981 Endangered marine turtles of the Gulf Coast Texas Agricultural Extension Service 5M-8-81 1-6 Journal Article Dean, R. H.;Bickham, J. W. 1983 Staurotypus salvini Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 327 1-2 Journal Article Degani, G. 1982 Amphibian tadpole interaction in a winter pond Hydrobiologia 96 3-7 Book DeGraaf, Richard M.;Rudis, Deborah D. 1983 Amphibians and Reptiles of New England Amherst, MA University of Massachusetts Press vii + 85 Journal Article Deitz, D.C.;Hines, T.C. 1980 Alligator nesting in north-central Florida Copeia 1980 2 249-258 AM, nest, reproduction, parental care, FL Journal Article del Pino, Eugenia M. 1980 Morphology of the pouch and incubatory integument in marsupial frogs (Hylidae) Copeia 1980 10-17 Amphibia, Anura, Amphignathodon guentheri, Flectonotus pygmaeus, Flectonotus fissilis, Fritziana goeldii, Gastrotheca cavia, Gastrotheca excubitor, Gastrotheca marsupiata, Gastrotheca orophylax, Gastrotheca monticola, Gastrotheca riobambae, Gastrotheca ovifera, Gastrotheca plumbea, Cryptobatrachus fuhrmanni, Gastrotheca ceratophrys, Gastrotheca christiani, Gastrotheca cornuta, Gastrotheca griswoldi, Gastrotheca orophylax, Gastrotheca weinlandii, Gastrotheca peruana, Himiphractus bubalus, Himiphractus fasciatus, Himiphractus johnsoni, Himiphractus proboscideus, Himiphractus scutatus, Stefania scalae, morphology, histology Journal Article Del Pino, E. M. 1980 El mantenimiento y aspectos del comportaniento encautiverio del sapo marsupial Gastrotheca riobambae (Hylidae) Rev. Univ. Catolica Ecuador 8 41-49 Journal Article Del Pino, E. M. 1980 Morphology of the pouch and incubatory integument in marsupial frogs (Hylidae) Copeia 1980 10-17 Journal Article del Pino, Eugenia M.;Escobar, Bertha 1981 Embryonic stages of Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler) during maternal incubation and comparison of development with that of other egg-brooding hylid frogs Journal of Morphology 167 277-295 Amphibia, Anura, Gastrotheca riobambae, development, morphology, embryo Journal Article Del Pino, E. M.;Escobar., B. 1981 Embryonic stages of Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler) during maternal incubation and comparison of development with that of other egg-brooding hylid frogs Journal of Morphology 167 277-295 Book Section del Pino, Eugenia M. 1982 Multinucleate oogenesis, embryonic development and their adaptations for reprodcution on land in egg-brooding hylid frogs Embryonic development New York, NY Alan R. Liss, Inc. 397-405 amphibia, anura, hylidae, gastrotheca, pouch morphology, direct development, evolution Journal Article del Pino, Eugenia M. 1983 Progesterone induces incubatory changes in the brooding pouch of the frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler) Journal of Experimental Zoology 227 159-163 Amphibia, Anura, Gastrotheca riobambae, morphology, reproduction, hormone, egg Journal Article Del Pino, E. M.;Elinson., R. P. 1983 A novel development pattern for frogs: gastrulation produces an embryonic disk Nature 306 589-591 Journal Article del Pino, Eugenia M.;Elinson, Richard P. 1984 A novel development pattern for frogs: gastrulation produces an embryonic disk Nature 306 589-591 Amphibia, Anura, Gastrotheca riobambae, Gastrotheca plumbea, Eleutherodactylus coqui, Xenopus laevis, morphology, reproduction, egg Journal Article del Pino V., Eugenia M. 1980 El mantenimiento y aspectos del comportamiento en cautiverio del sapo marsupial Gastrotheca riobambae (Hylidae) Rev. Univ. Católica, Quito 8(27) 41-49 amphibia, anura, gastrotheca, husbandry Journal Article Delaugerre, Michel;Cheylan, Marc 1983 Enquete puor un atlas de repartition des amphibiens et reptiles de Corse et de Sardaigne. [Investigations for an atlas of the amphibians and reptiles of Corsica and Sardina] Alytes 2 2 63-65 Journal Article Delbos, M.;Lestage, J.;Gipouloux., J.-D. 1980 Localisation cytochimique d'une importante activité adénylate cyclasique dans le cordo-mésoderme embryonnaire des amphibiens anoures Arch. Anat. Micros. Morphol. Exp. 69 47-56 Journal Article Delbos, M.;Gipouloux, J.-D.;Guennoun., S. 1981 Caractères ultrastructuraux et cytochimiques des cellules germinales primordiales des amphibiens anoures Arch. Anat. Micros. Morphol. Exp. 70 117-128 Journal Article Delbos, M.;Gipouloux, J.-D.;Guennoun., S. 1982 Intraendodermal and intramesenteric migration of anuran amphibian germ cells: transmission and scanning electron microscopy Journal of Morphology 171 355-360 Journal Article Delbos, M.;Miller, K. R.;Gipouloux., J.-D. 1984 Freeze-fracture of Rana pipiens gonad anlage: study of primordial germ cells and other cellular types Arch. Anat. Micros. Morphol. Exp. 73 57-67 Journal Article Delcourt, Hazel R.;Delcourt, Paul A. 1984 Ice age haven for hardwoods Natural History 9 22-28 climate biogeography Journal Article Delfino, G.;Brizzi, R.;Calloni., C. 1982 Development of cutaneous glands in Salamandrina terdigitata (Lacépède, 1788)(Amphibia: Urodela); findings by light and electron microscopy. Zeit. Mikros. Anat. Forsch. 96 948-971 Journal Article Delfino, G.;Brizzi, R.;Calloni, C. 1984 Lateral line organs in Salamandrina terdigitata (Lacepede, 1788) (Amphibia: Urodela) Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 98 2 161-83 Edited Book Delsol, M.;Flatin, J.;Lescure, J. 1984 Biologie des Amphibiens: Quelques mises au point des connaissances actuelles sur l'order des Gymnophiones Paris Société Zoologique de France Mémoire 43 177 + 18 plates + 1 foldout table Caecilians; Gymnophiona Journal Article Demel, M.;und, A.;Ferby 1983 Treatment of colds in Testudo h. hermanni. Behandlung von Erkältungen bei Testudo h. hermanni Die Schildkröte 3 83 30-31 Reptilia, testudines,Testudo h. hermanni, infection, virus, pneumonia, therapy testu,vet WP x Thesis Demmer, R.J. 1981 The hatching and emergence of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchlings Journal Article Dene, H.;Sazy, J.;Goodman, M.;Romero-Herrera, A. E. 1980 The amino acid sequence of alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) myoglobin Phylogenetic implications Biochim Biophys Acta 624 2 397-408 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Chymotrypsin; Comparative Study; Cyanogen Bromide; Myocardium/*analysis; *Myoglobin; Pepsin A; Peptide Fragments/analysis; *Phylogeny; Reptiles/*metabolism; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Trypsin The amino acid sequence of myoglobin from cardiac muscle of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was established by alignment of overlapping peptides and dansyl-Edman degradation. The chain initiating methonine seems to be retained. Thus, this molecule has 154 amino acid residues rather than 153 as in other tetrapod myoglobins. Maximum parsimony analysis indicated that alligator myoglobin diverges more from both bird and mammal myoglobins than these latter do from each other. The phylogenetic implications are discussed with respect to a possible diphyletic origin for diapsid reptiles. Thesis Densmore, L.D. III. 1981 Biochemical and immunological systematics of the order Crocodylia Book Section Densmore, L.D. III. 1983 Biochemical and immunological systematics of the order Crocodylia Hecht, M.;Wallace and Prance Evolutionary Biology 1 CROC, biochemistry, evolution, taxonomy, Journal Article Densmore, Llewellyn D.;Desauer, Herbert C. 1984 Low levels of protein divergence detected between Gavialis and Tomostoma: evidence for crocodilian monophyly? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 77B 4 715-720 Journal Article Dent, J. N. 1982 On the interaction of thyroxine and of oxytocin with prolactin on the growth of the tail fin in the red-spotted newt Gen Comp Endocrinol 47 3 269-75 Animal; Drug Interactions; Hypophysectomy; Male; Metamorphosis, Biological; Notophthalmus viridescens/*growth & development; Oxytocin/*pharmacology; Prolactin/*pharmacology; Salamandridae/*growth & development; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Tail/growth & development; Thyroxine/*pharmacology Book Deoras, P. J. 1981 Snakes of India New Delhi National Book Trust xvi, 152, 33 plates, 1 fold-out table Conference Proceedings DeSena, R.R. 1981 The functional morphology of the reproductive system 85-88 Conference Proceedings DeSena, R.R.;Larsen, R.;Puckett, H.M.;Cardeilhac, P.T. 1982 Hormonal induction of lay in young female alligators 41 Journal Article Dessauer, Herbert C.;Zweifel, Richard G. 1981 Inheritance of transferrin, phosphoglucomutase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and prolidase in a breeding colony of kingsnakes Journal of Heredity 72 453-455 Utah Lampropeltis getulus getula californiae splendida nigritus Journal Article Dessauer, H. C.;Cole, C. J. 1984 Influence of gene dosage on electrophoretic phenotypes of proteins from lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 77B 1 181-189 reptiles, parthenogenesis, ploidy Edited Book Dessauer, Herbert C.;Hafner, Mark S. 1984 Collection of Frozen Tissues: Value, management, field and laboratory procedures, and directory of existing collections Lawrence, Kansas Association of Systematic Collections vi, 74 p. Journal Article Desser, S.S.;Barta, J.R. 1984 An intraerythrocytic virus and rickettsia of frogs from algonquin Park, Ontario. Can. J. Zool 62 1521-1524 Amphibia, anura, frog, virus, iridovirus, rickettsia, erythrocyte Journal Article Di Berardino, Marie A.;Hoffner, Nancy J. 1983 Gene reactivation in erythrocytes: nuclear transplantation in oocytes and eggs of Rana Science 219 862-864 Journal Article Dial, B. E. 1981 Function and energetics of autotomized tail thrashing in Lygosoma laterale (Sauria: Scincidae) American Zoologist 21 4 1001 reptiles, lizards, tail loss, autotomy, scincella, predation Journal Article Dial, B. E.;Fitzpatrick, L. C. 1981 The energetic costs of tail autotomy to reproduction in the lizard Coleonyx brevis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) Oecologia (Berl.) 51 310-317 reptiles, tail loss, energy, lipids, morphology Journal Article Dial, B. E.;Fitzpatrick, L. C. 1982 Evaporative water loss in sympatric Coleonyx (Sauria: Gekkonidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 71A 4 623-625 reptiles, lizards, evaporation, microhabitat, temperature Journal Article Dial, B. E.;Fitzpatrick, L. C. 1983 Lizard tail autotomy: function and energetics of post autotomy tail movement in Scincella lateralis Science 219 391-393 Reptiles, lizards, skinks, behavior, tail loss, caudal autotomy, food, lactate, energetics, movement, Journal Article Dial, Benjamin E.;Fitzpatrick, Lloyd C. 1983 Lizard tail autotomy: function and energetics of postautotomy tail movement in Scincella lateralis Science 219 4583 391-393 Journal Article Dial, B. E.;Fitzpatrick, L. C. 1984 Predator escape success in tailed versus tailless Scincella lateralis (Sauria: Scincidae) Animal Behaviour 32 reptiles, lizards, tail loss, caudal autotomy, behavior, predation, Journal Article Diaz, M. O.;Barsacchi-Pilone, G.;Mahon, K. A.;Gall, J. G. 1981 Transcripts from both strands of a satellite DNA occur on lampbrush chromosome loops of the newt Notophthalmus Cell 24 3 649-59 Animal; Chromosomes/*analysis; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Satellite/*genetics; Models, Genetic; Notophthalmus viridescens; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Polarity of Translation; RNA/*genetics; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Transcription, Genetic We have isolated genomic DNA clones from the newt Notophthalmus which contain one or more copies of a 222 bp tandemly repeated sequence (satellite 1). Satellite 1 occurs in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of all chromosomes and at the sphere loci of chromosomes 2 and 6. Lampbrush chromosome loops associated with the spheres contain transcripts of satellite 1, as shown by in situ hybridization. The matrix on these loops consists of multiple thin-- thick transcription units, most but not all of which have the same polarity within a given loop. By in situ hybridization with single- stranded probes we show that transcription units of opposite morphological polarity contain transcripts of opposite strands of satellite 1. Satellite 1 occurs as the spacer between clusters of histone genes. We postulate that transcription initiates at a histone gene promoter, fails to terminate at the end of the gene and continues without interruption into the adjacent satellite DNA. In this way, long transcripts are produced which contain both histone and satellite 1 sequences. A general failure of termination signals might explain the unusually long transcripts of lampbrush chromosomes. Journal Article Diaz, N.;Sallaberry, M.;Nuñez., H. 1983 The tadpole of Telmatobufo venustus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with a consideration of generic relationships Herpetologica 39 111-113 Journal Article Diemer, Joan E. 1984 Tortoise relocation in Florida: Solution or problem? Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 131-135 gopherus agassizii conservation Journal Article DiGiovanni, Marianne;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1981 Efficacy of skin glands in protecting the salamander Ambystoma opacum from repeated attacks by the shrew Blarina brevicauda Herpetologica 37 4 234-237 antipredator Journal Article Dimaline, R.;Rawdon, B. B.;Brandes, S.;Andrew, A.;Loveridge, J. P. 1982 Biologically active Gastrin/CCK-related peptides in the stomach of a reptile, Crocodylus niloticus; identified and characterized by immunochemical methods Peptides 3 977-984 Journal Article Dimaline, R.;Rawdon, B. B.;Brandes, S.;Andrew, A.;Loveridge, J. P. 1982 Biologically active gastrin/CCK-related peptides in the stomach of a reptile, Crocodylus niloticus; identified and characterized by immunochemical methods Peptides 3 6 977-84 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Caerulein/analysis; Cholecystokinin/*analysis/immunology; Gastric Acid/secretion; Gastric Mucosa/*analysis; Gastrins/*analysis/immunology; Human; Pancreas/secretion; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Reptiles/*metabolism; Swine We have used immunochemical, chromatographic, and bioassay techniques to characterize peptides related to gastrin and CCK, from the stomach of the reptile Crocodylus niloticus. By immunocytochemistry gastrin/CCK- like peptides were localized in specific mucosal cells of the pylorus and in the duodenum. Boiling water extracts of pyloric antrum cross reacted with four antisera specific for the C-terminal region of gastrin or CCK, but estimates of concentration varied between antisera. Antisera specific for the N-terminus of heptadecapeptide gastrin (G17), intact G17, or the amphibian CCK-like peptide caerulein did not cross react with the crocodile extracts. Gel filtration of the extracts on Sephadex G50 resolved one major peak eluting significantly before G17 or CCK8, suggesting larger molecular size, whereas ion exchange on DE52 cellulose resolved two major immunoreactive peaks, both eluting before G17, indicating that they are less acidic. The more acidic of the two peptides stimulated gastric acid secretion in the rat, but had no CCK- like actions on the rat pancreas. Thus crocodile antrum contains gastrin-like peptides, which are however clearly distinguishable from any of the known mammalian forms of gastrin and CCK. Journal Article Dimmitt, Mark A.;Ruibal, Rodolpho 1980 Enviromental correlates of emergence in spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus) Journal of Herpetology 14 1 21-30 aestivation Journal Article Dinardo, Joe 1983/1984 A note on longevity in Egernia cunninghami with a new captive longevity record Herpetofauna 15 1-2 14-15 Egernia cunninghami; Longevity Book Section Distel, Hansjürgen;Veazey, J. 1982 The behavioral inventory of the green Iguana, Iguana iguana Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 252-270 Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1980 The neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis. The generic concept Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 31 1-40 reptiles, review, morphology, taxonomy, description, distribution Journal Article Dixon, James R. 1980 The Neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis. The Generic Concept Contributions in Biology and Geology 31 1-40 Journal Article Dixon, J. R.;Lamar, W. W. 1981 A new species of microteiid lizard (Genus Neusticurus) from Colombia Journal of Herpetology 15 3 309-314 reptiles, lizards, species description, morphology, medemi, tropical, South America Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Lamar, William W. 1981 A new species of Microteiid lizard (Genus Neusticurus) from Colombia Journal of Herpetology 15 3 309-314 Journal Article Dixon, K. E. 1981 The origin of the primordial germ cells in the Amphibia Netherlands J. Zool. 31 5-37 Journal Article Dixon, J.R 1981 The neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis: the eastern Caribbean complex Copeia 1981 296-304 Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1982 Book review: the natural history of Mexican rattlesnakes Herp Review 13 2 50 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thomas, Robert A. 1982 The status of the Argentine colubrid snakes Liophis sagittifer and L. trifasciatus Herpetologica 38 3 389-395 Geographic variation; Liophis sagittifer; Liophis trifasciatus; Liophis modesta Book Section Dixon, J. R.;Staton, M. A. 1983 Caiman crocodilus Janzen, D. H. Costa Rican Natural History Chicago Univ. Chicago Press 387-388 reptiles, Journal Article Dixon, J. R.;Kofron, C. R. 1983 The Central and South American Anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops Amphibia-Reptilia 4 241-264 reptiles, osteology morhology, scales, color, pattern, variation, distribution, Brazil, species description, taxonomy Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1983 The Liophis cobella group of the neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis Journal of Herpetology 17 2 149-165 reptiles, morphology, color, relationships, taxonomy Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1983 Taxonomic status of the Brazilian colubrid snake, Xenodon suspectus Cope The Texas Journal of Science 35 3 257-260 reptiles, taxonomy, Brazil, relationships Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1983 Taxonomic status of the South America snakes Liophis miliaris, L. amazonicus, L. chrysostomus, L. mossoroensis and L. purpurans (Colubridae: Serpentes) Copeia 1983 3 791-802 reptiles, snakes, taxonomy, distribution, morphology, variation Journal Article Dixon, James R. 1983 Systematics of Liophis reginae and L. williamsi (Serpentes, Colubridae), with a description of a new species Annals of Carnegie Museum 52 6 113-138 New speices; Liophis reginae; Liophis williamsi; Distribution; variation; Key; Liophis andinus n. sp. Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Kofron, Christopher P. 1983 The Central and South American anomalepid snakes of the genus Liotyphlops Amphibia-Reptilia 4 241-264 Journal Article Dixon, James R. 1983 taxonomic status of the South American snakes Liophis miliaris, L. amazonicus, L. chrysostomus, L. mossoroensis and L. purpurans (Colubridae: Serpentes) Copeia 1983 3 791-802 Journal Article Dizon, A. E.;Balazs, G. H. 1982 Radio telemetry of Hawaiian green turtles at their breeding colony Marine Fisheries Review 44 5 13-20 green; telemetry; Hawaii Journal Article Dobie, J. L. 1981 The taxonomic relationship between Malaclemys Gray, 1844 and Graptemys Agassiz, 1857 (Testudines:Emydidae) Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 23 1 85-102 Reptiles, turtles, systematics, classification, morphology Book Dobrowolska, Hanna 1981 Gady Warsaw Panstwowe Wydawnictwo 496 Journal Article Dobson, A.W., Jr. 1981 Alligator management proposal for the state of Florida MS AM, management, utilization, FL Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. 1980 Ameiva polops Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 240 1-2 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1980 Federal protection for North American tortoises: an update Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 93-98 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dodd, C. K., Jr. 1980 Notes on the feeding behavior of the Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis (Plethodontidae). Southwest Naturalist 25 111-113 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. 1981 A bibliography of endangered and threatened amphibians and reptiles in the United States and its territories (conservation, distribution, natural history, status). Supplement Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1981 49 1-16 Alligator mississippiensis ambystoma macrodactylum croceum amevia polops anolis roosevelti batrachoseps aridus bufo exul houstonensis caretta chelonia mydas chrysemys rubiventris bangsi crocodylus acutus novaeguineae mindorensis crotalus willardi obscurus crotaphytus silus gambelia cyclura stejnegeri dermochelys coriacea drymarchon corias couperi eleutherodactylus jasperi epicrates inornatus monensis eretmochelyes imbricata eurycea nana gopherus agassizii hyla andersonii kinosternon bauri flavesens spooneri klauberina riversiana lepidochelys olivacea nerodia fasciata taeniata phaeognathus hubrichti thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia typhlomolge rathbuni uma inornata Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1981 A review of the status of the desert tortoise Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 96-102 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dodd, C. K. 1981 A bibliography of endangered and threated amphibians and reptiles in the United States and its territories (conservation, distribution, natural history, status) Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 49 1-16 literature, reptiles, amphibians Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1981 Nesting of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas (L.), in Florida: historic review and present trends Brimleyana 7 39-54 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1981 Infrared reflectance in chameleons (Chamaeleonidae) from Kenya Biotropica 13 3 161-164 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr;Campbell, Howard W. 1982 Anolis roosevelti Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 300 1-2 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. 1982 A controversy surrounding an endangered species listing: The case of the Illinois mud turtle Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1982 55 1-22 kinostrenon flavescens spooneri conservation Journal Article Dodd, C. K. 1982 A Controversy surrounding an endangered species listing:The caseof the Illinois mud turtle Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 55 1-22 endangered species, conservation, Kinosternon flavescens Journal Article Dodd, C.K.;Jr. 1982 Nesting of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Florida - a hopeful trend? ASB Bull. 29 58 Journal Article Dodd, C.K.;Jr. 1982 Nesting of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas (L.) in Florida: historic review and present trends Brimleyana 7 39-54 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr;Ortiz R., Pedro R. 1983 An endemic gecko in the Caribbean Oryx 17 3 119-121 Journal Article Dodson, S. 1980 Oedema in two terrapins Testudo 1 3 76-79 testu,vet,vit,physiol,chem PF,WP x Report Dodson, D.L.;Degner, R.L. 1984 Budget and financial analyses for various alligator enterprises Journal Article Doerr Schott, J.;Zuber Vogeli, M. 1984 Immunohistochemical study of the adenohypophysis of Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) Cell Tissue Res 235 1 211-4 The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to identify and locate LTH-, STH-, LH-, TSH-, ACTH- and MSH-immunoreactive cells in the pituitary of Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Gymnophiona). The present study defines the histological and histochemical staining properties of each cell type identified. Journal Article Doherty, J. A.;Gerhardt, H. C. 1983 Hybrid tree frogs: vocalizations of males and selective phonotaxis of females Science 220 1078-1079 reproduction, fitness, competition, behavior, amphibians, Hyla chrysoscelis, femoralis, Journal Article Doherty, J. A.;Gerhardt, H. C. 1984 Evolutionary and neurobiological implications of selective phonotaxis in the spring peeper (Hyla crucifer) Animal Behaviour 32 3 875-881 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, advertisement calls, calling, vocalization, mate choice, species recognition Journal Article Doherty, John A.;Gerhardt, H. Carl 1984 Acoustic communication in hybrid treefrogs: sound production by males and selective phonotaxis by females Journal of Comparative Physiology 154A 319-330 Journal Article Dolmen, Dag 1983 A survey of the Norwegian Newts (Triturus, Amphibia); Their distribution and Habitats Meddelelser Fra Norsk Viltforskning 3 12 1-72 Triturus Book Donaldson, gerald 1980 Frogs New York Van Nostrand Reinhold 128 Journal Article Donaldson, D. J.;Dunlap, M. K. 1981 Epidermal cell migration during attempted closure of skin wounds in the adult newt: observations based on cytochalasin treatment and scanning electron microscopy J Exp Zool 217 1 33-43 Animal; Cell Movement/drug effects; Cycloheximide/pharmacology; Cytochalasin B/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology; Cytochalasins/*pharmacology; Epidermis/*cytology; Epithelium/cytology; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens; Pseudopodia/ultrastructure; *Wound Healing Epidermal closure of skin wounds on newt limb explants was inhibited to equal degrees by cytochalasins B,D and dihydrocytochalasin B (H2CB). The cytochalasin solvent, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), had no effect on migration at the low concentration present in the cytochalasin and control solutions. However, a 5% DMSO solution completely blocked mobility. Wounds on limb explants and limbs in situ responded similarly to cytochalasin treatment. Inhibition of migration by H2CB was reversible even when protein synthesis was reduced by 73%. Scanning electron microscopy of wound epithelium migrating on nucleopore filters revealed extensive lamellipodia on marginal cells and the first row of submarginal cells. Cytochalasin treatment produced plications in the upper surface and free edge of the normally smooth lamellipodia. This disturbance of the free edge revealed focal adhesions with the substratum. The fact that migration was inhibition by CD and H2CB (two cytochalasins with an affinity for contractile proteins but without some of the side effects of CB) leads us to conclude that epidermal cells utilize actin or actin-like proteins during wound closure. These results increase the likelihood that tissue cells of all types, whether in vitro or in vivo, share a common biochemical basis for cell movement. Journal Article Donaldson, D. J.;Smith, G. N., Jr.;Kang, A. H. 1982 Epidermal cell migration on collagen and collagen-derived peptides J Cell Sci 57 15-23 Animal; Cell Movement/drug effects; Collagen/*pharmacology; Cyanogen Bromide/pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens; Peptides/pharmacology; Skin/*cytology Nucleopore filters coated with various genetic types of collagen and certain collagen-derived peptides were implanted under one margin of a skin wound on adult Notophthalmus viridescens (newt) hind limbs. In contrast to their behaviour on untreated filters, epidermal cells migrated readily and to equal degrees on human type I, newt type I, bovine type II, and bovine type IV collagen. Denaturation had no effect on the ability of collagen to support migration and all three cyanogen bromide peptides tested (alpha 1(I)CB3, 7 and 8) were able to support more migration than that seen on untreated filters. Glutaraldehyde- linked collagen gels supported migration but bovine serum albumin gels did not. These results show that there is no species or collagen-type specificity shown by newt epidermal cells as they migrate over collagen- coated substrates. They also demonstrate that the tertiary structure of the collagen molecule is unimportant in its ability to bind to newt epidermal cells, and that the alpha 1(I) chain has at least three, and probably many epidermal binding sites. Finally, they indicate that the improved migration on collagen is not a non-specific response to protein on the substrate. Journal Article Donaldson, D. J.;Mahan, J. T. 1983 Fibrinogen and fibronectin as substrates for epidermal cell migration during wound closure J Cell Sci 62 117-27 Animal; Cell Movement/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fibrinogen/*pharmacology; Fibronectins/immunology/*pharmacology; Immune Sera/pharmacology; Immunodiffusion; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology; Skin/injuries/physiopathology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Wound Healing/*drug effects Pieces of glass coverslip coated with human fibronectin or human fibrinogen were implanted under one margin of a skin wound on adult newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) hind limbs. In contrast to uncoated glass or glass coated with nest serum, bovine serum or bovine serum albumin, glass treated with either fibronectin or fibrinogen supported considerable epidermal cell migration. When optimal amounts of each protein were used, the amount of migration on fibrinogen-coated glass did not differ from the amount on fibronectin-coated glass or from the amount on the wound bed. Migration on a fibronectin substrate, could be blocked by treating the substrate with an antiserum against fibronectin just prior to implantation. Similarly, migration on a fibrinogen substrate could be blocked by exposing it to an antiserum against fibrinogen. While we have yet to determine it fibrinogen and fibronectin are interacting directly with the cell surface, our observations suggest that these two proteins may play an important role in wound closure by providing a suitable substrate for epithelial cell migration. Book Donalson, Gerald 1980 Frogs New York Van Nostrand Reinhold 128 Journal Article Donnelly, HT. 1980 Survey of the numbers and species of amphibia, used in the United-Kingdom in 1977. Lab.Anim 14 65-69. amphibia, anura, urodela, animal use, statistics, Great Britain, 1977 Journal Article Douglas, Robert L. 1980 State Report - Utah Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 91-92 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Douglas, Michael Edward;Monroe, Burt L. 1981 A comparative study of topographical orientation in Ambystoma (Amphibia: Caudata) Copeia 1981 460-463 Journal Article Douglas, M. E.;B. L. Monroe, Jr. 1981 A comparative study of topographical orientation in Ambystoma (Amphibia: Caudata) Copeia 1981 460-463 Book Section Dournon, Christian 1983 Developpement Somatique et inversion sexuelle sous l'action de la temperature chez les amphibiens Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 227-231 Journal Article Dowler, R.C.;Bickham, J.W. 1982 Chromosomal relationships of the tortoises (Family Testudinidae) Genetica (The Hague) 58 3 189-198 Journal Article Dowling, Herdon G.;Highton, Richard;Maha, George C.;Maxson, Linda R. 1983 Biochemical evaluation of colubrid snake phylogeny Journal of Zoology, London 201 309-329 Taxonomy colubrids lampropeltis elaphe pituophis diadophis Thamnophis masticophis coluber opheodrys heterodon drymarchon ptys cemophora storeria neroidia atractaspis boaedon madagascarophis tantilla rhadinaea enhydris erpeton psammophis rhamphiophis clonophis natriciteres regina seminatrix xenochrophis carphophis Utah Journal Article Downey, K.E. 1984 Florida's turtle watch Defenders 59 4 4-7 Journal Article Downie, J. Roger 1984 How Leptodactylus fuscus tadpoles make foam, and why. Copeia 1984 3 778-780 Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus fuscus, tadpoles, foam nests, burrows, tadpole behavior, tadpole produced foam, Carribean, Trinidad Journal Article Drane, C. R. 1981 The thermal conductivity of the skin of crocodilians Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 68A 67-73 alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Draper, C. S.;al., et 1981 Patterns of oral bacterial infections in captive snakes Journal American Veterinary Medical Association 179 1223-1226 serp,vet,bakt Fernl x, 210390 MDL DGB Rept 46 Journal Article Draper, C. S.;Walker, H.D.;Lawler, H.E. 1981 Patterns of oral bacterial infections in captive snakes J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 179 1223-1226 Reptilia, serpentes, physiology, infection, bacteria serp,vet,bakt Fernl x, 210390 MDL DGB Rept 46 Journal Article Drewes, M. A.;Manning, D. D. 1980 Effect of antiserum-producing species on isotype suppression efficacy in mice J Immunol 124 4 2016-9 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Antibodies; *Antibody Formation; Chickens; Comparative Study; Female; Goats; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; IgG; IgM; *Immune Sera; Immunoglobulins, mu-Chain; *Immunosuppression; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Rabbits; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turkeys Journal Article Drewes, R. C.;Simmons, J. E.;Leviton, A. E. 1982 A numerical synopsis of the African holdings of the Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences Journal of the herpetological association of Africa 27 Reptiles, amphibians, collection, Africa Journal Article Drewes, R. C. 1984 A phylogenetic analysis of the Hyperoliidae (Anura): treefrogs of Africa, Madagascar, and the Seychelles Islands Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 139 1-70 Amphibians, frogs, phylogenetics, relationships, systematics, morphology, osteology Journal Article Drewes, Robert C. 1984 A phylogenetic analysis of the Hyperoliidae (Anura): Treegrogs of Africa, Madagascar, and the Seychelles Islands Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 139 1-70 Amphibia, anura, africa, phylogenetic analysis, phylogeny, osteology, vocal sac, key, Acanthixalus, Afrixalus, Callixalus, Chrysobatrachus, Crptothylax. Heterixalus, Hyperolius, Kassina, Kassinula, Leptopelis, Opisthothylax, Phlyctimantis, Tachycnemis, Tornierella Journal Article Drewes, R. C. 1984 A phylogenetic analysis of the Hyperoliidae (Anura): treefrogs of Africa, Madagascar, and the Seychelle Islands Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 139 1-70 Journal Article Drewry, G. E.;Heyer, W. R.;Rand, A. S. 1982 A functional analysis of the complex call of the frog Physalaemus pustulosus Copeia 1982 3 636-645 amphibians, call, audiospectrograms, Journal Article Drewry, G. E. ;Rand, Stanley 1983 Characteristics of an acoustic community: Puerto Rican frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus Copeia 1983 941-953 Amphibia, anura, leptodactylidae, mating behavior, calling behavior, vocalization, Puerto Rica, ecology, life history, community structure Journal Article Dring, Julian 1983 Some new frogs from Sarawak Amphibia-Reptilia 4 103-115 Amphibia, anura, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Ansonia torrentis, Pelophryne api, Bufonidae, Kalophrynus nubicola, Microhyla, Rhacophorus kajau, Rhacophoridae, South East Asia, Indonesia, new species, species description, call analysis, Journal Article Dring, Julian 1983 Frogs of the genus Leptobrachella (Pelobatidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 4 89-102 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Pelobatidae, Megophryinae, Borneo, L. baluensis, L. mjobergi, L. parva, L. brevicrus, Bunguran Island, L. natunae, L. serasanae, South East Asia, Indonesia, new species, species description, call analysis, Book Section Drummond, Hugh;Burghardt, Gordon M. 1982 Orientation in dispersing hatchling green iguanas, Iguana iguana Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 271-291 Journal Article Drummond, H.;Burghardt, G.M. 1982 Geographic variation in the foraging behavior of the garter snake, Thamnophis elegans Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 43-48 Serpentes,garter snake,Thamnophis elegans, food, feeding, foraging serp,oeko,vit,namerika Senck n Journal Article Drummond, H. 1983 Aquatic foraging in garter snakes: a comparison of specialists and generalists Behaviour 2-30 Reptiles, snakes, Thamnophis, feeding, behavior, melanogaster, elegans, California, couchi, Nerodia sipedon, comparative study, Journal Article Drzymala, R. E.;Weiner, H. L.;Dearry, C. A.;Liebman, P. A. 1984 A barrier to lateral diffusion of porphyropsin in Necturus rod outer segment disks Biophys J 45 4 683-92 Animal; Diffusion; Kinetics; Mathematics; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus; Photoreceptors/*physiology; Retinal Pigments/*physiology; Rod Outer Segments/*physiology/ultrastructure; Spectrophotometry/instrumentation/methods; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Microspectrophotometry was used to study lateral diffusion of the visual pigment, porphyropsin , in the disk membrane in intact mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) rod outer segments (ROS), isolated in frog Ringer's solution. A concentration gradient of unbleached visual pigment was produced on the disks by rapidly photobleaching 40% of the pigment in an area spanning 1/4 or 1/2 of the cell's width. The change in optical density of the cells at 580 nm was then followed with time on either the bleached or unbleached side. The temperature dependence of porphyropsin diffusion yielded a Q10 of 2.5 between 10 and 20 degrees C with an activation energy of 12 +/- 2 kcal. At completion of pigment diffusion, the center and edge of the disk had, respectively, attained only 90 and 55% of the concentration expected. Computed diffusion coefficients (5.4 X 10(-9) cm2/s) were similar at the center and periphery of the disk immediately after the flash, however, an additional slow component for diffusion was detected at the periphery. A comparison of optical density at 525 nm along the diameter of ROS before and after the flash showed a persistent (20 min) postbleach concentration gradient of unbleached porphyropsin . This suggests that 15% of the prophyropsins may be sequestered into distinct areas on a mudpuppy disk and are not free to diffuse over the whole surface. This argument is supported by the observation that mudpuppy disks are separated into petal -shaped regions by incisures, some of which penetrate nearly to the disk center. Journal Article Du Toit, D. M. 1980 Boomslang (Dispholidus typus) bite: A case report and a review of diagnosis and management South African Medical Journal 57 507-510 Journal Article Dube, L.;Parent, A. 1982 The organization of monoamine-containing neurons in the brain of the salamander, Necturus maculosus J Comp Neurol 211 1 21-30 Animal; Brain/*anatomy & histology; Catecholamines/*metabolism; Diencephalon/anatomy & histology; Medulla Oblongata/anatomy & histology; Mesencephalon/anatomy & histology; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Motor Neurons/ultrastructure; Necturus/*anatomy & histology; Necturus maculosus/*anatomy & histology; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology; Neurons/ultrastructure; Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology; Preoptic Area/anatomy & histology; Serotonin/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Telencephalon/anatomy & histology Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1980 L'influence de l'homme sur la répartition des Amphibiens dans l'Himalaya central et occidental C. r. Soc. Biogéogr. 55 155-178 Amphibians, anura, Megophryidae, Pelobatidae, China, Himalaya, India, Scutiger Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1980 Notes sur la systematique et la repartition des amphibiens anoures de chine et des regions avoisinantes IV. Classification generique et subhenerique des Pelobatidae Megophryinae Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 49 469-482 Amphibia, anura, pelobatoidea, Pelobatidae, Megophryinae, Megophryidae, Megophrys, Ophryophryne, Nesobia, Leptobrachella, Leptobrachium, Vibrissaphora, Leptolalax, Scutiger, Oreolalax, taxonomy, systematics, characters, Book Section Dubois, Alain 1980 Populations, polymorphysime et adaptation: Quelques exemples chez les amphibiens anoures Barbault, R.;Blandin, P. and Meyer, J. A. Recherches d'Écologie Thérique: Les stratégies adaptatives Paris Maloine s.a. 141-158 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1981 Notes sur la systématique et la répartition des amphibiens anoures de Chine et des régions avoisinantes. V. Megophrys oshanensis Liu, 1950 et Leptobrachium minimum Taylor, 1962 Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 51 183-192 Far East, Amphibia, anura, megophrys, leptolalax, Leptobrachium, Leptobrachella Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1981 Notes sur la systematique et la repartition des amphibiens anoures de chine et des regions avoisinantes V. Megophrys oshanensis Liu, 1950 et Leptobrachium minimum Taylor, 1962 Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon 50 182-192 Amphibia, anura, pelobatoidea, Pelobatidae, Megophryinae, Megophryidae, Megophrys, Leptobrachium, taxonomy, systematics, characters, Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1982 A propos de l'article de G. H. Parent sur la répartition des amphibiens et reptiles en France [A review of the article by G. H. Parent on the distributions of amphibians and reptiles in France] Alytes 1 1 12-15 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1982 Notes sur les grenouilles vertes (groupe de Rana kl. esculenta Linne, 1758). I. Introduction. [Notes on the green frogs (Rana kl. esculenta Linne, 1758 group). I. Introduction Alytes 1 3 43-49 ridibunda typica lessonae chinensis Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1982 Notes sur les grenouilles brunes (Groupe de Rana temporaria Linne, 1758). I. Introduction. [Notes on the brown frogs (Rana temporaria Linne, 1758 group). I. Introduction] Alytes 1 4 56-70 iberica dalmatina arvalis Journal Article Dubois, A. 1982 Dendrobates Wagler 1830 and Dendrobatidae Cope 1865( Amphibia:Anura): proposed conservation. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 39(4) 267-278 amphibia, anura, Dendrobates, dart-poison, Book Section Dubois, Alain 1983 L'anomalie P. des grenouilles vertes (complexe de Rana kl. esculenta Linne, 1758) et les anomalies voisines chez les amphibiens Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 215-221 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1983 Le triton alpestre de Calabre: Une forme rare et menacee d'extinction. [The Calabrian alpine newt: A rare and endangered subspecies] Alytes 2 2 55-62 triturus alpestris inexpectatus Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1983 Notes sur les grenouilles brunes (groupe de Rana temporaria Linne, 1758). II. Les grenouilles du Mont Canigou (Pyrenees Orientales). [Notes of the brown frogs (Rana temporaria Linne, 1758 group). II. The frogs of Mount Canigou (Eastern Pyrenees) Alytes 2 1 19-26 glacialis parvipalmata taxonomy canigonensis Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1983 A propos de cuisses de grenouilles. Protection des amphibiens, arrêtés ministériels, projets d'´levage, gestion des populations naturelles, enquêtes de répartition, production, importations et consommation: une équation difficle à résoudre. Les propositions de la Société Batrachologique de France. [Remarks on frog legs. Protection of the amphibians, law officials, breeding projects, management of natural populations, studies of distribution, production, importationsand consumption: A difficult problem to resolve] Alytes 2 3 69-111 amphibian decline conservation Journal Article Dubois, Alain;Breuil, Michel 1983 Decouverte de Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) en Calabre (sud de l'Italie). [Discovery of Triturus alpestris (Laurenti, 1768) in Calábria (southern Italy) Alytes 2 1 9-18 distribution inexpectatus new subspecies Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1983 Rheobatrachus silus, La grenouille Australienne dont les têtards se développent dans l'estomac de la mère. Quelques réflexions sur la recherche fondamentale. [Rheobatrachus silus, an Australian frog whose tatpoles develope in the stomach of the mother. Some reflections on the fundamental research] Alytes 2 4 116-123 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1983 Note preliminaire sur le genre Leptopalax Dubois, 1980 (Amphibiens, Anoures), Avec diagnose d'une espece nouvelle du Veitnam. [Preliminary note on the genus Leptolalax Dubois, 1980 (Amphibia, Anura), with the description of a new species from Vietnam] Alytes 2 4 147-153 pelobatidae leptobrachella gracilis heteropus pelodytoides leptobrachium megophrys oshanensis minimum bourreti Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1983 Note preliminaire sur le groupe de Rana (tomopterna) breviceps Schneider, 1799 (Amphibiens, Anoures), Avec diagnose d'une sous-espece nouvelle de Ceylan. [Preliminary note on the group Rana (tomopterna) breviceps Schneider, 1799 (Amphibia, Anura), with the description of a new subspecies from Sri Lanka Alytes 2 4 163-170 rolandae Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (II) Alytes 3 2 83-84 hyla maculata litoria spenceri Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Preparation du colloque sur la consommation de cuisses de grenouilles en France. [Preparation for a symposium on the consumption of frog legs in France] Alytes 3 1 47-48 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Note preliminaire sur le groupe de Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829 (Amphibiens, Anoures). [Preliminary note on the Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829 group (Amphibia, Anura)] Alytes 3 4 143-159 rufescens tomopterna fejervarya andamanensis nicobariensis greenii keralensis nepalensis nilagirica pierrei rufescens syhadrensis teraiensis new species vittigera agricola altilabris assimilis brevipalmata frithi gracilis parambikulamana pulla sauriceps wasl Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Notes sur les grenouilles brunes (Groupe de Rana temporaria Linné, 1758). III. Un critere meconnu pour distinguer Rana dalmatina de Rana temporaria. [Notes on the brown frogs (rana temporaria Linne, 1758 group). III. A previously unrecognized character for distinguishing Rana dalmatina from Rana temporaria] Alytes 3 4 117-124 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (V) Alytes 3 3 111-116 ichthyophis dermophis epicrium cecilia hemidactylium pseudotriton mycetoglossus siredon Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (IV) Alytes 3 3 103-110 hydromantes geotriton salamandra exigua lacerta vulgaris triturus hydromantoides speleomantes Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Pelobates fuscus dans le Department de l'Indre.[ Pelobates fuscus in the Indre Department] Alytes 3 4 137-138 France Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (III) Alytes 3 2 85-89 pseudacris hyla hylodes maculatus hyla maculata chorophilus verrucosus verrucosa nigrita floridensis Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Vive le Docteur Toutou! [Doctor Toutou lives] Alytes 3 2 93-95 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Sample-size constraints in the use of the nonparametric mann-whitney U test for the comparison of two independent samples: consequences in anuran amphibians systematics Alytes 3 1 20-24 taxonomy Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (VI) Alytes 3 4 160-162 rana pygmaea nyctibatrachus Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (I) Alytes 3 1 39-43 abrana rana ptychadena Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1984 La nomenclature supragénérique des amphibiens anoures Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Série A, Zoologie 131 1-64 Taxonomy; Classification; Nomenclature; Anurans; Amphibians Journal Article Ducey, P. K.;Brodie Jr., E. D. 1983 Salamanders respond selectively to contacts with snakes: survival advantage of alternative antipredator strategies Copeia 1983 4 1036-1041 Amphibia, Urodela, antipredator, Thamnophys sirtalis, ophidia, reptile, Eurycea bislineata, Bolitoglossa subpalmata, Plethodon jordani, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, Nothophthalmus viridescens Conference Proceedings Duellman, W.E.;Myers, C. W. 1980 The Panamanian herpetofauna: Historical biogeography and patterns of distribution Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1980 A new marsupial frog (Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from Venezuela Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 690 1-7 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, variation Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Pyles, R. E. 1980 A new marsupial frog (Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from the Andes of Ecuador Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 84 1-13 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, variation Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Maness, S. J. 1980 The reproductive behavior of some hylid marsupial frogs Journal of Herpetology 14 3 213-222 amphibians, Gastrotheca, development Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Pyles, Rebecca A. 1980 A new marsupial frog (Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from the Andes of Ecuador Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 84 1-13 Gastrotheca orophylax sp. nov.; New species; Ecuador Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1980 A new species of marsupial frog (Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from Venezuela Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 690 1-7 Gastrotheca walkeri n. sp. Book Section Duellman, William E.;Myers, Charles W. 1980 The panamanian herpetofauna: historical biogeography and patterns of distribution D'Arcy, W.G. Botany and Natural History: A symposium signalling the completion of the "Flora of Panama" Panama City University of Panama 14-17 Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1980 The reproductive behavior of some Hylid marsupial frogs Journal of Herpetology 14 213-222 amphibia, anura, hylidae, Gastrotheca, Glectonotus phgmaeus, Gastrotheca riobambae, Gastrotheca argenteovirens, behavior, breeding, brood pouch, marsupial frog, tadpoles, parturition Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Maness, Scott J. 1980 The Reproductive Behavior of some Hylid Marsupial Frogs Journal of Herpetology 14 3 213-222 Reproduction Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Maness., S. J. 1980 The reproductive behavior of some hylid marsupial frogs Journal of Herpetology 14 213-222 Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1980 The identity of Centrolenella grandisonae Cochran and Goin (Anura: Centrolenidae) Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 83 1 26-32 Book Section Duellman, W. E. 1981 Amphibia Hurlburt, S. H. and Rodriguez, G. and Santos, N. D. Aquatic Biota of Tropical South America San Diego, CA San Diego St. University 2 230-245 amphibians, distribution, review, water, aquatic, South America Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1981 Three new species of centrolenid frogs from the Pacific versant of Ecuador and Colombia Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas 88 1-9 Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae, Centrolenella, Andes, distributions, geographic, balionota, prasina, heloderma, description, prosoblepon Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1981 Three new species of centrolenid frogs from the Pacific Versant of Ecuador and Columbia Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 88 1-9 Centrolenella balionota sp. nov.; New species; Centrolenella heloderma sp. nov.; Centralenella prasina sp. nov.; Ecuador; Colombia Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1981 Three new species of Centrolenid frogs from the Pacific versant of Ecuador and Colombia Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History the University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 88 1-9 Amphibia, Anura, Centronella balionota, Centronella prosoblepon, Centronella heloderma, Centronella prasina, Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Lynch, John D. 1981 Nomenclatural resolution of the identities of Hyla aurantiaca and Hyla lactea Journal of Herpetology 15 2 237-239 Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Berger, T. J. 1982 A new species of Andean treefrog (Hylidae) Herpetologica 38 4 456-460 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, variation Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Ca, J. A. 1982 A new frog of the genus Ptychohyla (Hylidae) from the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala Herpetologica 38 3 374-380 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, variation Conference Proceedings Duellman, W. E. 1982 Compresion climatica cuaternaria en los Andes efectos sobre la especiacion Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1982 Book Review: Les batraciens de Madagascar Herp Review 13 2 50-51 Book Section Duellman, W. E. 1982 Quarternary climatic-ecological fluctuations in the lowland tropics: frogs and forests Prance, G. T. Biological diversification in the tropics New York Cloumbia Univ. Press 389-402 climate, speciation, phylogeny, refuge, vicariance, distribution Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Campbell, J. A. 1982 A new frog from the genus Ptychohyla (Hylidae) from the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala Herpetologica 38 3 374-380 amphibians, frogs, species description, Book Section Duellman, William E. 1982 Amphibia Hurlbert, S. H. and Villalobos-Figueroa, A. Aquatic Biota of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies San Diego, California San Diego State University 502-514 Amphibia, anura, systematics, caudata, caecilian, apoda, frogs, salamanders, Leptodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus, Leptodactylus, Sminthillus, Bufonidae, Bufo, Peltophryne, Hylidae, Calyptahyla, hyla, ololygon, scinax, osteopilus, microhylidae, Gastrophryne, ranidae, rana, atelopus, Crepidophryne, Rhamphophryne, Dendrobatidae, Colostethus, Dendrobates, Phyllobates, Acris, Agalychnis, Anotheca, Gastrotheca, Hemiphractus, Pachymedusa, Phrynohyas, Phyllomedusa, Plectrohyla, Pseudacris, Pternohyla, Ptychohyla, Smilisca, Triprion, Centrolenidae, Centrolenella, Microhylidae, Chiasmocleis, Gastrophryne, Glossostoma, Hypopachus, Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae, Caecilia, Copeotyphlinus, Dermophis, Gymnopis, Oscaecilia, Caudata, Salamandridae, Motophthalmus, Taricha, Sirenidae, Siren, Ambystomatidae, Ambystoma, Rhyacosiredon, Plethodontidae, Aneides, Batrachosepts, Bolitoglossa, Chiropteroterotriton, Lineatriton, Oedipina, Parvimolge, Pseudoeurycea, Thorius, Pipidae, Pipa, Rhinophrynidae, Rhinophrynus, Pelobatidae, Scaphiopus, Leptodactylidae, Hylactophryne, Leptodactylus, Physalaemus, Pleurodema, Syrrhophus, Tomodactylus, Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1982 A new species of small yellow Hyla from Peru (Anura: Hylidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 3 153-160 Hyla aperomea, Hyla minima,, Hyla rossalleni, Hyla leali, Hyla reveroi, Hyla parviceps, Hyla leucophyllata, Hyla minuata, Hyla rhodopepla, Hyla elkejungingerae, new species, call analysis Edited Book Duellman, W. E. 1982 Compresion climatica cuaternaria en los Andes efectos sobre la especiacion 177-201 Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Pyles, R. A. 1983 Acoustic resource partitioning in anuran communities Copeia 1983 3 639-649 amphibians, sound, calls, audiospectograms, relationships, speciation, Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1983 Obituary: Laurence Cooper Stuart Copeia 1983 4 1116-1119 Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Gray, P. 1983 Developmental biology and systematics of the egg-brooding hylid frogs, genera Flectonotus and Fritziana Herpetologica 39 4 333-359 amphibians, reproduction, tadpoles, relationships, taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1983 Gastrotheca aureomaculata: Systematic resolution of a case of intrapopulational polychromatism in a hylid frog Herpetologica 39 2 105-110 amphibians, taxonomy, morphology, geographic variation Book Section Duellman, W. E.;Trueb, L. A. 1983 Frogs of the Hyla columbiana group: Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships Rhodin, A. G. J. and Miyata, K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology Harvard University 33-51 amphibians, relationships, speciation, distribution, biogeography, calls, Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1983 Book review: Threatened Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe Herp Review 14 3 89 Conference Proceedings Duellman, W. E. 1983 Relaciones filogeneticas de las sapos marsupiales (Anura: Hylidae) Journal Article Duellman, William, E. 1983 Gastrotheca aureomaculata : systematic resolution of a case of intrapopulational polychromatism in a hylid frog Herpetologica 39 105-110 Amphibia, anura, Colombia, Gastrotheca aureomaculata, Gastrotheca mertensi, symonymy, Hylidae, polychromatism, polymorphism Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1983 A new species of marsupial frog (Hylidae: Gastrotheca) from Colombia and Ecuador Copeia 1983 868-874 Amphibia, anura, new species, Gastrotheca dendronastes, marsupial frog, cloud forest, Andes, Gastrotheca bufona, Gastrotheca ceratophrys, Gastrotheca cornuta, osteology, distribution, direct developer, Amphignathodon guentheri, Gastrotheca guentheri, ecology, Book Section Duellman, William, E.;Trueb, Linda 1983 Frogs of the Hyla columbiana group: taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships Miyata, Anders G. J. Rhodin & Kenneth Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology Museum of Camparative Zoology Cambridge, Mass 33-51 Amphibia, anura, Hyla carnifex, Hyla praestans, Hyla lavialis, Hyla minuta, Hyla marmorata, Hyla parviceps, Hyla leucophyllata, Hyla microcephala, phylogeny, systematics, characters Journal Article Duellman, William, E.;Gray, Peter 1983 Developmental biology and systematics of the egg-brooding hylid frogs, genera Flectonotus and Fritziana Herpetologica 39 333-359 Amphibia, Anura, Flectonotus fissisis, Flectonotus ulei, Flectonotus fitzgeraldi, Flectonotus pygmaeus, Fritziana goeldii, Fritziana ohausi, Fritziana fissisis, Development, systematics, Phylogenetics, biogeography, direct development Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1983 Andean biogeography: evolution of distribution patterns of amphibian and reptiles National Geographic Society Reserach Reports 15 175-177 Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Gray., P. 1983 Developmental biology and systematics of the egg-brooding hylid frogs, genera Flectonotus and Fritziana Herpetologica 39 333-359 Book Section Duellman, William E.;Trueb, Linda 1983 Frogs of the Hyla columbiana group: Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships Rhodin, A. G. J. and Miyata, K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology Harvard University 33-51 Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Hoogmoed, M. S. 1984 The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the hylid frog genus Stefania Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas 75 1-39 amphibians, relationships, species key, review, distribution, reproduction, biogeography, morphology, descriptions, color Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1984 Taxonomy of Brazilian hylid frogs of the genus Gastrotheca Journal of Herpetology 18 3 302-312 amphibians, relationships, species key, review, distribution, reproduction, biogeography, morphology, descriptions, color Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1984 Argenteohyla altamazonica, a synonym of Phrynohyasvenulosa (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 5 413-414 amphibians, nomenclature, taxonomy Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1984 The taxonomy and phylogentic relationships of the hylid frog genus Stefania The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 75 1-39 Hylidae; Taxonomy; Systematics; New species; Stefania evansi; Stefania ginesi; Stefania goini; Stefania marahuaquensis; Syefania riae sp. nov.; Stefania roraimae sp. nov.; Stefania woodleyi Journal Article Duellman, William, E. 1984 Taxonomy of Brazilian hylid frogs of the genus Gastrotheca Journal of Herpetology 18 302-312 Amphibia, anura, hylidae, Gastrotheca, Gastrotheca fissipes, Gastrotheca microdisca, Gastrotheca ernestoi, Gastrotheca viridis, Nototrema fulvorufa, Hyla parkeri, synonymy, brazil Journal Article Duellman, William, E.;Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1984 The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the hylid frog genus Stefania Miscellaneous Publications of The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 75 1-39 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Amphignathodontinae, Stefania evansi, Stefania ginesi, Stefania goini, Stefania marahuaquensis, Stefania riae, Stefania roraimae, Stefania woodleyi, direct development, life history, distribution, systematics, phylogenetics, Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Hoogmoed., M. S. 1984 The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the hylid frog genus Stefania Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas 75 1-39 Journal Article Dufaure, Jean-Pierre;Saint Girons, Hubert 1984 Histologie comparee de l'epididyme et ses secretions chez les Reptiles (Lezards et Serpents) Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique 73 1 15-26 Journal Article Dufton, Mark J. 1984 Classification of elapid snake neurotoxins and cytotoxins according to chain length: evolutionary implications Journal of Molecular Evolution 20 128-134 Journal Article Dugan, B.A.;Rand, A.S.;Burghardt, G.M.;Bock, B.C. 1981 Interactions between nesting crocodiles and iguanas J. Herpetol. 15 4 409-414 CA, nest, parental care, food, South America Journal Article Dugan, B. 1982 A field study of the headbob displays of male green iguanas (Iguana iguana): variation in form and context Animal Behaviour 30 2 327-338 Reptiles, lizards, Iguanas, displays, headbobs, behavior, communication Book Section Dugan, Beverly 1982 The mating behavior of the green iguana, Iguana iguana Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 320-341 Book Section Dugan, Beverly;Weiwandt, Thomas V. 1982 Socio-ecological determinants of mating strategies in iguanine lizards Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 303-319 Journal Article Duggan, R. T. 1981 Plasma corticosteroids in marine, terrestrial and freshwater snakes Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 68A 115-118 hydrophis lapemis pelamis microcephalophis naja bungarus ptyas enhydris Journal Article Dumont, Michel 1984 Observations sur l'activite, la reproduction et la croissance de Salamandra salamandra terrestris Lacepede, 1788 en captivite. [ Observations on activity, reproduction and the growth of Salamandra salamandra terrestris Lacepede, 1788 in captivity] Alytes 3 1 25-36 Journal Article Dunbar-Cooper, A.;Lutz, P.L. 1982 Nest environment of the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) Amer. Zool. 21 4 964 CA, nest, temperature, osmoregulation, reproduction, FL Journal Article Dundee, H. A. 1980 A comment on J. Howard Campbell's Bipes report Herp Review 11 3 75-76 reptiles, snakes Journal Article Dundee, H. A. 1984 Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean gecko) Herp Review 15 1 20 reptiles Journal Article Dunham, Arthur E. 1980 An experimental study of the interspecific competition between the iguanid lizards Sceloporus merriami and Urosaurus ornatus Ecological Monographs 50 3 309-330 Journal Article Dunham, A. E. 1981 Populations in a fluctuating environment: the comparative population ecology of the iguanid lizards Sceloporus merriami and Urosaurus ornatus Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 158 1-62 reptiles, lizards, life history, demography, density, fecundity, reproduction, Journal Article Dunham, Arthur E. 1981 Populations in a fluctuating envrionment: The comparative population ecology of the Iguanid Lizards Sceloporus merriami and Urosaurus ornatus Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 158 1-62 Journal Article Dunkle, Terry 1981 A perfect serpent Science 81 October 30-35 Crotalus horridus Journal Article Dunlap, M. K. 1980 Cyclic AMP levels in migrating and non-migrating newt epidermal cells J Cell Physiol 104 3 367-73 Animal; Cell Movement; Cyclic AMP/*analysis; Epidermis/*analysis; In Vitro; Notophthalmus viridescens; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors; Wound Healing Cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels were measured in 8-hour migrating wound epithelial and non-migrating epithelial cells of the newt. Tissues were collected in vivo and in vitro with and without epidermal-dermal separation by collagenase. Regardless of manner of collection and treatment, cAMP levels were always significantly higher in the migrating cells. Levels were also measured in 28-hour and 36-hour wound epithelia. There was a progressive decline in levels in wound epithelia between 8, 28, and 36 hours, suggesting that levels were in the process of returning to normal. When cells were treated with a dose of cAMP and theo-phylline previously shown to inhibit migration, levels of cAMP were much higher than any migrating epithelium. The fact that cAMP inhibits migration, yet migrating cells have higher cAMP levels, seems contradictory at first, but possible explanations are advanced to account for the apparent discrepancy. Journal Article Dunlap, Donald G.;Platz, James Ernest 1981 Geographic variation of proteins and call in Rana pipiens from the northcentral United States Copeia 1981 4 876-879 Journal Article Dunlop, S. A.;Beazley., L. D. 1981 Changing retinal ganglion cell distribution in the frog Heleioporus eyrei Journal of Comparative Neurology 202 221-236 Book Section Dunn, R.W. 1980 Captive reproduction of Crocodylus porosus and C johnstoni Banks, C.B. and Martin, A.A. Proceedings of the Melbourne Herpetological Symposium. 104-106 CPR, CJ, captive breeding, reproduction, Journal Article Dunn, A. D.;Dent, J. N. 1980 Iodine metabolism in the red-spotted newt studied with radioactive tracer and by radioimmunoassay Gen Comp Endocrinol 42 1 47-56 Animal; Female; Iodine/*metabolism; Iodine Radioisotopes/diagnostic use; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens/*metabolism; Radioimmunoassay; Salamandridae/*metabolism; Stress/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thyroglobulin/analysis; Thyroid Gland/*metabolism; Thyroxine/analysis; Triiodothyronine/analysis Journal Article Dunn, R.W. 1981 Breeding the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus Int. Zoo Yrb 21 79-83 Reptilia, crocodylia, Crocodylus porosus, propagation, Reprint Endnote 93/591 Journal Article Dunson, William A. 1980 The relation of sodium and water balance to survival in sea water of estuarine and freshwater races of the snakes Nerodia fasciata, N. sipedon and N. valida Copeia 1980 2 268-280 Journal Article Dunson, William A. 1980 Adaptations of nymphs of a marine dragonfly, Erythrodiplax berenice, to wide variations in salinity Physiological Zoology 53 4 445-452 Report Dunson, W.A. 1980 Osmoregulation of crocodiles in Everglades National Park Journal Article Dunson, William A.;Moll, Edward O. 1980 Osmoregulation in sea water of hatchling Emydid turtles, Callagur borneoensis, from a Malaysian sea beach Journal of Herpetology 14 1 31-36 osmoregulation Journal Article Dunson, William A.;Moll, Edward O. 1980 Osmoregulation in sea water of hatchling emydid turtles, Callagur borneoensis, from a Malaysian sea beach Journal of Herpetology 14 1 31-36 osmoregulation Book Section Dunson, William A. 1981 Control of secretion in reptilian salt glands Obal, F. and Benedek, G. Advances in Physiological Sciences New York Pergamon Press 18. Environmental Sciences 31-41 Journal Article Dunson, W.A. 1981 Behavioral osmoregulation by the Key mud turtle (Kinosternon b. baurii) J. Herpetol. 15 163-173 Journal Article Dunson, W.A.;Bramham, C.R. 1981 Evaporative water loss and oxygen consumption of three small lizards from the Florida Keys: Sphaerodactylus cinereus, S. notatus, and Anolis sagrei Physiological Zoology 54 253-259 Journal Article Dunson, William A. 1982 Salinity relations of crocodiles in Florida bay Copeia 1982 2 374-385 crocodylus acutus Journal Article Dunson, William A. 1982 Low water vapor conductance of hard-shelled eggs of the gecko lizards Hemidactylus and Lepidodactylus Journal of Experimental Zoology 219 377-379 garnoti lugubris Journal Article Dunson, W.A. 1982 Salinity relations of crocodiles in Florida Bay Copeia 1982 2 374-385 CA, osmoregulation, FL Journal Article Dunson, W. A.;Connell., J. 1982 Specific inhibition of hatching in amphibian embryos by low pH Journal of Herpetology 16 314-316 Journal Article Dunson, William A.;Stokes, Glenn D. 1983 Asymmetrical diffusion of sodium and water through the skin of sea snakes Physiological Zoology 56 1 106-111 aipysurus laevis pelamis platurus Book Section Dunson, William A. 1984 The contrasting roles of salt glands, the integument and behavior in osmoregulation of marine reptiles Pequeux, A.;gilles, R. and Bolis, L. Osmoregulation in Estuarine and Marine Animals New York Springer-Verlag 9. Lecture notes on Coastal and estuarine Studies 107-129 Journal Article Duron, M.;Quero, J.-C.;Duron, P. 1983 Presence dans les eaux cotieres de France et de Guyane frequentees par Dermochelys coriaceaL. de Remora remora L. de de Rhizostoma pulmo L. Annales de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-Maritime 7 1 147-151 leatherback Journal Article Dutta, S. K.;Mohanty-Hejmadi., P. 1984 Ontogeny of teeth row structure in Rana tigerina tadpoles Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80 517-528 Journal Article Duvall, D.;Herskowitz, R.;Trupiano-Duvall, J. 1980 Responses of five-lined skinks (Eumeces fasciatus) and ground skinks (Scincella lateralis) to conspecific and interspecific chemical cues. Journal of Herpetology 14 2 121-127 reptiles, lizards, senses, smell, tongue-flick, chemical responses Journal Article Duvall, David;Herskowitz, Renée;Trupiano-Duvall, Jeanne 1980 Responses of five-lined skinks (Eumeces fasciatus) and ground skinks (Scincella lateralis) to conspecific and interspecific chemical cues Journal of Herpetology 14 2 121-127 Journal Article Duvall, David;Herskowitz, Renee;Trupiano-Duvall, Jeanne 1980 Responses of Five-lined skinks (Eumeces fasciatus) and Ground skinks (Scincella lateralis)toconspecific and interspecific chemical cues Journal of Herpetology 14 2 121-128 skinks Journal Article Duvall, David;Scudder, Kent M.;Chiszar, David 1980 Rattlesnake predatory behaviour: mediation of prey discrimination and release of swallowing by cues arising from envenomated mice Animal Behaviour 28 674-683 Journal Article Duvall, D.;al., et 1982 Environmental control of reptilian reproductive cycles. In: Ed. Gans, C. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol: Academic press, London 201-231 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, physiology, reproduction Journal Article Duvall, D.;et al. 1982 Environmental control of reptilian reproductive cycles. In: Ed. Gans, C. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol: Academic press, London 201-231 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, physiology, reproduction Journal Article Duvall, D. et al. 1982 Environmental control of reptilian reproductive cycles. In: Ed. Gans, C. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol: Academic press, London 201-231 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, physiology, reproduction Journal Article Dyrkacz, S. 1981 Recent instances of albinism in North American reptiles and amphibians SSAR 11 1-31 color, albino, Book Dyrkacz, Stanley 1981 Recent instances of albinism in North American Amphibians and Reptiles Oxford, OH SSAR 36 Albanism; North America Journal Article Dyrkaez, S. 1981 Recent instances of albinism in North American amphibians and reptiles Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Circular 11 1-31 albinos, variation, morphology, Amphibia, pigmentation, coloration Journal Article Dzukic, Georg 1981 First discovery of neotenic opoulation of smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus), 1758 in Yugoslavia Glasnik Republickog zavoda zastitu prirode i Prirodnjackog muzeja u Titogradu 14 71-77 Journal Article Dzukic, Georg;Kalezic, Milos L. 1983 Novi nalaz neotenicnog primerka Triturus vulgaris (L.) u Jugoslaviji [New discovery of neotenic specimen of smooth new Triturus vulgaris (L) in Yugoslavia] Arhiv Bioloskih Nauka 35 3/4 11P-12P Journal Article Dzukic, Georg;Pasuljevic, G. 1983 O horoloskom razgranicenju vrsta Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti) 1768 Pelobates syriacus Boettger 1889 (Amphibia, Pelobatidae) u Jugoslaviji I. Zoogeografska grada [On chronological demarcation of the species Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti) 1768 and Pelobates syriacus Boettger, 1889 (Amphibia, Pelobatidae) in Yugoslavia] Zbornik II Simpozijum o Fauna SR Srbije 139-142 Journal Article Dzukic, Georg;Kalezic, Milos L. 1984 Neoteny in the alpine newt population from the submediterranean area of Yugoslavia Alytes 3 1 11-19 triturus alpestris Journal Article Earll, C. R. 1982 Heating, cooling and oxygen consumption rates in Varanus bengalensis Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 72A 2 377-381 Reptiles, lizards, metabolic rate, activity, heating, cooling rates, L.A. Zoo, Thailand Journal Article Eatock, R. A.;Manley, Geoffrey A. 1981 Auditory nerve fibre activity in the Tokay Gecko II. Temperature effect on tuning Journal of Comparative Physiology 142A 219-226 Journal Article Eatock, R. A.;Manley, Geoffrey A.;Pawson, L. 1981 Auditory nerve fibre activity in the Tokay Gecko I. Implications for cochlear processing Journal of Comparative Physiology 142A 203-218 Journal Article Ebbesson, Sven O. E.;Goodman, Donald C. 1981 Organization of ascending spinal projections in Caiman crocodilus Cell and Tissue Research 215 383-395 Journal Article Echeverría, D. D.;Lopez., L. E. Fiorito de 1981 Estadios de la metamorfosis en Bufo arenarum (Anura) Physis 40B 15-23 Journal Article Edell, Jack 1981 History of Caltrans interest in the desert tortoise Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 104-107 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Edelson, David B. 1983 Public participation and the Bureau of Land Management's grazing program: Myth and reality Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 89-96 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Edwards, Douglas D. 1984 An addition to the herpetofauna of the southern California deserts, Coleonyx switaki, Switak's barefoot banded gecko Desert Protective Council Educational Bulletin 84 1 1-4 Book Efremov, P.G.;al., et 1984 Animal World of the Marii Autonomous Republic: Terrestrial Vertebrates Ioshkar-Ola 127 Book Efremov, P.G.;et al. 1984 [Animal World of the Marii Autonomous Republic: Terrestrial Vertebrates] Ioshkar-Ola 127 Book Section Ehrenfeld, D. 1982 Options and limitations in the conservation of sea turtles Bjorndal, K.A. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 457-463 Journal Article Ehrhart, L.M. 1980 Marine turtle nesting in north Brevard County, Florida, in 1979 Florida Sci. 43 Suppl. 1 27 Journal Article Ehrhart, L. M. 1981 Marine turtle mortality on the east-central Florida coast in 1980 Fla. Sci. 44 Suppl. 1 36 Journal Article Ehrhart, L. M. 1982 Migrations of western Atlantic loggerhead turtles: evidence from remote recoveries of turtles tagged on the Florida Atlantic coast Fla. Sci. 45 Suppl. 1 38 abstract Journal Article Ehrhart, L.M.;Raymond, P. W. 1983 Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting densities on a major east-central Florida nesting beach Amer. Zool. 23 963 Journal Article Ehrhart, L.M. 1983 Marine turtles of the Indian River Lagoon system Florida Sci. 46 337-346 Journal Article Eichler, V. B.;Porter., R. A. 1981 Rohon-Beard cells in frog development: a study of temporal and spatial changes in a transient cell population Journal of Comparative Neurology 203 121-130 Book Section El-Mofty, M.;Galal, R.;El-Sebae, A.;Essawy, A. 1983 Liver neoplasms in toads (Bufo regularis) enforced fed with chlordimeform Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 173-176 Journal Article Eldred, W. D.;Finger, T. E.;Nolte., J. 1980 Central projections of the frontal organ of Rana pipiens, as demonstrated by the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase Cell and Tissue Reserach 211 215-222 Book Section Elias, Paul;Wake, David B. 1983 Nyctanolis pernix, a new genus and species of Plethodontid salamander from northwestern Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico Rhodin, A. G. J. and Miyata, K. Advances in Herpetology and Evolutionary Biology: Essays in Honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge Museum of Comparative Zoology 1-12 Journal Article Elias, Paul 1984 Salamanders of the northwestern highlands of Guatemala Contributions in Science 348 1-20 Book Section Elkan, Edward 1983 Random samples from herpeto-pathology Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 1-8 Journal Article Elkan, E 1983 Random samples from Herpeto-pathology Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 1 1-8 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, amphibia, anura, urodela, pathology review Journal Article Elkan, E.J. 1983 Giant-cell Arteritis in a Chelonian (Clemmys leprosa) J. Comp. Path. 93 Reptilia, testudines, Clemmys leprosa, pathology, arteritis Journal Article Ellis, T.M. 1980 Caiman crocodilus: an established exotic in south Florida Copeia 1980 1 152-154 CCR, distribution, nest, reproduction, FL Journal Article Ellis, Tamir M. 1981 Tolerance of sea water by the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus Journal of Herpetology 15 2 187-192 Journal Article Elsey, R.;Lance, V. 1983 Effect of diet on blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in the alligator Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 76 4 831-837 AM, physiology, food, biochemistry, LA Four groups of immature alligators were fed diets of ground nutria (Myocastor coypus) meat; ground fish (Merluccius spp); nutria plus sodium selenite; and fish plus sodium selenite. Plasma selenium, plasma glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in blood samples taken 10 days before and at 18, 39 and 60 days after initiating the diets. Selenium concentration and plasma GSH-Px activity remained at low levels in the group fed nutria alone, but increased significantly in the groups fed fish alone, nutria plus selenite and fish plus selenite. Plasma selenium and GSH-Px activity showed a high degree of correlation (r = 0.944). Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity was more variable than the plasma enzyme activity, but increased significantly in the groups fed nutria plus selenite and fish plus selenite by 39 days. In the groups fed fish alone enzyme activity was significantly higher than the group fed nutria alone only at 60 days. Book Elter, O. 1981 La collezione Erpetologica del Museo di Zoologia dell'Università di Torino Turin, Italy Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino V 116 Journal Article Elze, K.;et al. 1981 Planned peracetic acid disinfection of terraria with reptiles Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 23 109-113 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, infection, bacteria, disinfection, peracetic acid, skin, mouth, respiratory organs 070690 MDL DGB Journal Article Elze, K. e.a. 1981 Planned peracetic acid disinfection of terraria with reptiles Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 23 109-113 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, infection, bacteria, disinfection, peracetic acid, skin, mouth, respiratory organs 070690 MDL DGB Journal Article Elzen, P. van der 1980 Chiromantis xerampelina Peters Supplément à la Revue française d'Aquariologie 3 1-2 Journal Article Elzen, P. van der 1980 Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi Supplément à la Revue française d'Aquariologie 3 1-2 Journal Article Elzen, P. van der 1980 Phrynomerus annectens (Werner) Supplément à la Revue française d'Aquariologie 3 1-2 Journal Article Elzen, P. van der 1980 Cordylus polyzonus polyzonus Smith Supplément à la Revue française d'Aquariologie 3 1-2 Journal Article Elzen, P. van der 1980 Cordylosaurus subtessellattus (Smith) Supplément à la Revue française d'Aquariologie 3 1-2 Journal Article Elzen, P. van der 1980 Bitis peringueyi (Boulenger) Supplément à la Revue française d'Aquariologie 3 1-2 Journal Article Emerson, C. 1983 Salamander biopsy AAZV 194-195 Amphibia, salamander, anatomy, skin, biopsy, anesthesia, MS222 160590 MDL DGB, Reprint Endnote 93/369 Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B. 1983 Functional analysis of frog pectoral girdles. The epicoracoid cartilages Journal of Zoology, London 201 293-308 Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B. 1984 Morphological variation in frog pectoral girdles: Testing alternatives to a traditional adaptive explanation Evolution 38 2 376-388 Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B. 1984 Morphological variation in frog pectoral girdles: testing alternatives to a traditional adaptive explanation Evolution 38 2 376-388 Journal Article Endangered Species Office, USFWS. 1984 Texas alligators reclassified Endang. Spec. Tech. Bull. 8 11 5 AM, distribution, conservation, status, TX Journal Article Engel, W.;Schmid., M. 1981 H-Y antigen as a tool for the determination of the heterogametic sex in Amphibia Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 30 130-136 Book Engelmann, Wolf-Eberhard;Obst, Fritz Jürgen 1981 Snakes: Biology, Behavior and Relationship to Man New York Exeter Books 222 Book Engelmann, Wolf-Eberhard;Obst, Fritz Jürgen 1981 Snakes: Biology, Behavior and Relationship to Man New York Exeter Books 222 p. Journal Article Engelmann, W. E. 1983 Animals in the home: Tortoises Tiere im Heim: Landschildkröten Panthera (Mitt. Zool. Garten Leipzig) 31-34 Reptilia, testudines, Testudo, management zucht,testu,vet PF x Journal Article Engelmann, W. E. 1984 Animals at home. Terrapins Tiere im Heim: Schmuckschildkröten Panthera (Mitt. Zool. Garten Leipzig) Reptilia, Testudines, terrapin, management zucht,testu,vet PF x Journal Article Ensinck, F. H. 1980 De kweek van Dendrobates tinctorius Lacerta 38 10-11 102-106 Journal Article Ensley, P.K.;D.P. Launer, M.L. Elliot 1981 Electrosurgical excision of a mass in the cloacal region of a male Galapagos tortoise J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 179 11 1289-1291 Journal Article Ensley, P.K., Wing, A.E.,Gosink, B.B.,Lasley, B.L.,Durrant, B., 1982 Application of noninvasive techniques to monitor reproductive function in a brown hyena (=Hyena brunnea=) Zoo Biology 1 333-343 mammalia carnivora hyaenidae, Hyaena brunnea, captivity, artificial insemination, endocrinology, reproduction NOD-bestandDR Journal Article Ensley, P.K.Wing, A.E.Gosink, B.B.Lasley, B.L.Durrant, B. 1982 Application of noninvasive techniques to monitor reproductive function in a brown hyena (=Hyena brunnea=) Zoo Biology 1 333-343 mammalia carnivora hyaenidae, Hyaena brunnea, captivity, artificial insemination, endocrinology, reproduction NOD-bestandDR Journal Article Ensley P.K. e.a. 1982 Intestinal obstruction and perforation caused by undigested Acacia sp leaves in langur monkeys javma 181 no 11 1351-1354 100490 MDL DGB Prim. 106 Journal Article Erdman, Susan;Cundall, David 1984 The feeding apparatus of the salamander Amphiuma tridactylum: morphology and behavior Journal of Morphology 181 175-204 Amphiuma, feeding Journal Article Erdmann, S.;Cundall., D. 1984 The feeding apparatus of the salamander Amphiuma tridactylum: morphology and behavior Journal of Morphology 181 175-204 Journal Article Erickson, Bruce R. 1981 Champsosaurus tenuis (Reptilia: Eosuchia) A new species from the Late Paleocene of North America Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota 5 1 14 Journal Article Erickson, Bruce R. 1984 Chelonivorus habits of the Paleocene crocodile Leidyosuchus formidabilis Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota, New. Ser. 5 4 1-9 Journal Article Erickson, Bruce R. 1984 Chelonivorous habits of the Paleocene crocodile Leidyosuchus formidabilis Scientific Publications of the Science Museum of Minnesota 5 4 1-9 Journal Article Ericson, A. C.;Spring, K. R. 1982 Volume regulation by Necturus gallbladder: apical Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO- 3 exchange Am J Physiol 243 3 C146-50 Amiloride/pharmacology; Animal; Bicarbonates/metabolism; Body Water/*metabolism; Bumetanide/pharmacology; Chlorides/metabolism; Gallbladder/*physiology; Hydrogen/metabolism; Ion Channels/*metabolism; Necturus/*physiology; Necturus maculosus/*physiology; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium/metabolism; SITS/pharmacology Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells exhibited volume regulatory swelling when exposed to a hypertonic mucosal bathing solution. The initial, osmotically induced shrinkage was followed by a rapid increase in cell volume back to the control value despite continuing hypertonicity of the mucosal perfusate. This volume regulatory increase occurred by osmotic water flow accompanying the transient cellular uptake of NaCl from the mucosal bathing solution. Volume regulatory increase required Na+ and Cl- in the mucosal bath; it was inhibited by amiloride or 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid but not by bumetanide or ouabain. The K1/2 for Na+ was 2.8 mM, the K1/2 for Cl- was 1.9 mM, and maximum velocity of fluid flow into the cell for both ions was greater than 10 x 10(-6) cm/s. Both volume regulatory increase and transepithelial fluid absorption involve NaCl flux across the apical membrane into the cells, but the nature of the NaCl fluxes differ in the two processes. During volume regulatory increase NaCl enters the cells by parallel Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO-3 exchanges, whereas during transepithelial fluid absorption NaCl enters the cell by the coupled flux of NaCl. Journal Article Ericson, A. C.;Spring, K. R. 1982 Coupled NaCl entry into Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells Am J Physiol 243 3 C140-5 Animal; Bicarbonates/metabolism; Epithelium/metabolism; Gallbladder/*metabolism; Necturus/*metabolism; Necturus maculosus/*metabolism; Osmolar Concentration; Ouabain/pharmacology; Sodium Chloride/*metabolism NaCl entry into Necturus maculosus gallbladder epithelial cells was studied by determination of the rate of fluid movement into the cell when the Na+-K+-ATPase was inhibited by 10(-4) M ouabain in the serosal bathing solution. The cell swelling was due to continuing entrance of NaCl into the cell across the apical membrane, which increased the solute content of the cell; the resultant rise in cell osmolality induced water flow and cell swelling. The rate of swelling was 4.3% of the cell volume per minute, equivalent to a volume flow across the apical membrane of 1.44 x 10(-6) cm/s, similar in magnitude to the normal rate of fluid absorption by the gallbladder. We determined the mechanism of NaCl entry by varying the ionic composition of the mucosal bath; when most of the mucosal Na+ or Cl- was replaced, cell volume did not increase during pump inhibition. The rate of NaCl entry was a saturable function of Na+ or Cl- in the mucosal bathing solution with K1/2 values of 26.6 mM for Na+ and 19.5 mM for Cl-. The mode of NaCl entry was probably not the parallel operation of Na+-H+ and Cl(-)-HCO-3 exchangers because of the lack of effect of bicarbonate removal or of the inhibitors amiloride and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'- disulfonic acid. NaCl entry was reversibly inhibited by bumetanide in the mucosal bathing solution. Transepithelial NaCl and water absorption is the result of the coupled, carrier-mediated movement of NaCl into the cell across the apical membrane and the active extrusion of Na+ by the Na+-K+-ATPase in the basolateral membrane. Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1980 Rhinoclemmys areolata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 251 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1980 Rhinoclemmys annulata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 250 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1981 Rhinoclemmys Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 274 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1981 Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 275 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1981 Rhinoclemmys punctularia Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 276 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1981 Rhinoclemmys rubida Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 277 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1981 Phrynops gibbus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 279 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1981 Rhinoclemmys nasuta Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 264 1 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1981 Rhinoclemmys funerea Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 263 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H.;Bury, R. Bruce 1982 Malaclemys, M. terrapin Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 299 1-4 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1983 Platemys pallidipectoris Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 325 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1983 Platemys radiolata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 339 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1983 Platemys spixii Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 326 1-2 Journal Article Erskine, D. J.;Hutchison, V. H. 1981 Melatonin and behavioral thermoregulation in the turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis Physiology and Behavior 26 991-994 reptiles, temperature, pineal, thermal selection Journal Article Erskine, D.J.;Hutchison, V.H. 1981 Melatonin and behavioral thermoregulation in the turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis. Physiology and Behavior 26 991-994 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis., physiology, thermoregulation, melatonin, behavior Journal Article Erskine, D. J.;Hutchison, V. H. 1982 Reduced thermal tolerance in an amphibian treated with melatonin Journal of Thermal Biology 7 121-123 Amphibians, salamanders, Necturus maculosus, thermal tolerance, melatonin, critical thermal maximum, CTMax, temperature Journal Article Estes, Richard 1981 Gymnophiona, Caudata Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology 2 xvi, 1-115 Book Section Estes, R. 1983 The fossil record and early distribution of lizards Miyata, G. J. Rhodin and K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology--essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge, Mass Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard Univ.) 365-398 reptiles, lizards, fossils, distribution, evolution, geography Journal Article Estes, Richard 1983 Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology 10A xxii, 1-249 Thesis Etchberger, C. R. 1984 The reproductive biology of Sternotherus minor minor (Reptilia: Testudines: Kinosternidae) from the southern part of its range in central Florida Book Section Etheridge, Richard E. 1982 Checklist of the iguanine and Malagasy iguanid lizards Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 7-37 Journal Article Etheridge, K.;Wit, L. C.;Sellers, J. C. 1983 Hibernation in the lizard Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Lacertilia: Teiidae) Copeia 1983 1 206-214 81, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, hibernation, Teiidae Book Section Euzeby, Jacques 1983 Les zoonoses d'origine batrachienne et herpetienne Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 95-99 Journal Article Euzeby, J. 1983 Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 95-99 Reptilia, serpentes, acanthocephala, amphibia, infection, Spirometra, sp. Journal Article Evans, P. G. H.;Evans, J. B. 1980 The ecology of lizards on Praslin Island, Seychelles Journal of Zoology, London 191 171-192 85, lizard, ecology, Seychelles, Phelsuma, Mabuya, Scelotes, Gekkonidae, Scincidae Journal Article Evans, S. E. 1981 Caudal autotomy in a lower jurassic eosuchian Copeia 1981 4 883-884 Reptiles, fossils, autotomy, caudal, tail loss, Jurassic, fracture planes Journal Article Evans, R. H. 1983 Chronic bacterial pneumonia in free-ranging eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) J. Wildl. Diseases 1983 349 349-352 vet,testu,bakt PF x Journal Article Evrard, Philippe;Daum, Thierry 1982 La repartition des amphibiens en Mayenne [The distribution of amphibians in Mayenne] Alytes 1 2 18-30 france triturus alpestris salamandra terrestris cristatus marmoratus helveticus vulgaris alytes obstetricans bombina variegata Pelodytes punctatus bufo calamita hyla arborea Rana esculenta dalmatina temporaria Journal Article Ewert, M.A.;Firth, S.J.;Nelson, C.E. 1984 Normal and multiple eggshells in batagurine turtles and their implications for dinosaurs and other reptiles. Can. J. Zool. 62 1834-1841 Reptilia, testudines, Melenochelys trijuga, Rhinoclemmys areolata, physiology, reproduction, propagation, egg, shell, abnormal Journal Article Exbrayat, Jean-Marie 1983 Premières observations sur le cycle annuel de l'ovaire de Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Duméril at Bibron, 1841), Batracien Apode vivipare C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 296 493-498 Journal Article Fahey, Kenneth Mark 1980 A taxonomic study of the cooter turtles, Pseudemys floridana (Leconte) and Pseudemys concinna (Leconte), in the lower Red River, Atchafalaya River, and Mississippi River Basins Tulane Studies in Zoology 22 1 49-66 Journal Article Fanning, J. C.;Tyler, M. J.;Shearman, D. J. C. 1982 Converting a stomach to a uterus: The microscopic structure of the stomach of the gastic brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus Gastroenterology 82 62-70 Amphibia, Anura, Australia Journal Article Farris, J. S.;Kluge, A. G.;Mickevich, M. F. 1982 Immunological distance and the phylogenetic relationships of the Rana boylii species group Systematic Zoology 31 4 479-491 amphibians, relationships, systematics Journal Article Farris, J. S.;Kluge, A. G.;Mickevich, M. F. 1982 Phylogenetic analysis, the monothetic group method, and myobattrachid frogs Systematic Zoology 31 3 317-327 amphibians, relationships, systematics Journal Article Farris, James S.;Kluge, Arnold G.;Mickevich, M. F. 1982 Phylogenetic analysis, the monothetic group method, and Myobatrachid frogs Systematic Zoology 31 3 317-327 Journal Article Farris, James S.;Kluge, Arnold;Mickevich, M. F. 1982 Immunological distance and the phylogenetic relationships of the Rana boylii species group Systematic Zoology 31 4 479-491 Book Fauna Argentina 1983 la iguana overa Buenos Aires Centro Editor de América Latina 32 Journal Article Fauna Argentina 1983 El yacare ñato [Caiman latirostris] 32 p Caiman latirostris; Argentina Book Fauna Argentina 1984 El escuerzo Buenos Aires Centro Editor de América Latina 32 Book Fauna Argentina 1984 El sapo común Buenos Aires Centro Editor de América Latina 32 Journal Article Fay, L. P. 1984 Mid-Wisconsinian and Mid-Holocene herpetofaunas of eastern North America: a study in minimal contrast CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SPECIAL PUBLICATION No 8 14-19 Journal Article Feder, Martin E. 1981 Effect of body size, trophic state, time of day, and experimental stress on oxygen consumption of anuran larvae: an experimental assessment and evaluation of the literature Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 70A 497-508 Journal Article Feder, Martin E. 1981 Diel Variation of oxygen consumption in three species of Philippine Gekkonid lizards Copeia 1981 1 204-209 Journal Article Feder, Martin E. 1981 Book review: A Cold Look at the Warm-Blooded Dinosaurs Paleobiology 7 1 144-148 Journal Article Feder, M. E. 1981 Effect of body size, trophic state, time of day, and experimental stress on oxygen consumption of anuran larvae: an experimental assessment and evaluation of the literature. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 70A 497-508 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;Papenfuss, T. J.;Wake, D. B. 1982 Body size and elevation in neotropical salamanders Copeia 1982 1 186-188 amphibians, biogeography, Journal Article Feder, M. E.;Lynch, J. F. 1982 Effects of latitude, season, elevation, and microhabitat on field body temperatures of neotropical and temperate zone salamanders Ecology 63 6 1657-1664 ectothermy, amphibians, temperate zone, temperature, thermoregulation, tropical, variability Journal Article Feder, M. E. 1982 Thermal ecology of neotropical lungless salamanders (Amphibia: Plethodontidae): environmental temperatures and behavioral responses Ecology 63 6 1665-1674 amphibians, salamanders, behavioral thermoregulation, acclimation, bromeliad, microclimate, neotropical, temperature, thermal ecology Journal Article Feder, Martin E.;Lynch, James F.;Shaffer, H. Bradley;Wake, David B. 1982 Field body temperatures of tropical and temperate zone salamanders Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1982 52 1-23 season maximum minimum Journal Article Feder, Martin E.;Arnold, Steven J. 1982 Anaerobic metabolism and behavior during predatory encounters between snakes (Thamnophis elegans) and salamanders (Plethodon jordani) Oecologia 53 93-97 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;Lynch, J. F.;Shaffer, H. B.;Wake, D. B. 1982 Field body temperatures of tropicaland temperature zone salamanders Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 52 1-23 body temperatures, salamanders,literature Journal Article Feder, M. E. 1982 Effect of developmental stage and body size on oxygen consumption of anuran larvae: a reappraisal Journal of Experimental Zoology 220 33-42 Journal Article Feder, M. E. 1983 Effect of hypoxia and body size on the energy metabolism of lungless tadpoles, Bufo woodhousei, and air-breathing anuran larvae Journal of Experimental Zoology 228 11-19 Journal Article Feder, M. E. 1983 Responses to acute aquatic hypoxia in larvae of the frog Rana berlandieri Journal of Experimental Biology 104 79-95 Journal Article Feder, M. E. 1983 The relationship of air breathing and locomotion to predation on tadpoles, Rana berlandieri, by turtles. Physiological Zoology 56 522-531 Journal Article Feder, M. E. 1983 The relation of air breathing and locomotion to predation on tadpoles, Rana berlandieri, by turtles Physiological Zoology 56 522-531 Journal Article Feder, Martin E.;Seale, Dianne B.;Boraas, Martin E.;Wassersug, Richard J.;Gibbs, Allen G. 1984 Functional conflicts between feeding and gas exchange in suspension-feeding tadpoles Xenopus laevis. Journal of Experimental Biology 110 91-98 Anura, Xenopus laevis, tadpoles, gas exchange, ingestion, feeding, suspension feeding, 102 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;Wassersug, R. J. 1984 Aerial vs. aquatic oxygen consumption in larvae of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis Journal of Experimental Biology 108 231-245 hypoxia, tadpole, Anura, Amphibia, locomotion, buoyancy, feeding, respiration Journal Article Feder, Martin E.;Seale, Dianne B.;Boraas, Martin E.;Wassersug, Richard J.;Gibbs, Allen G. 1984 Functional conflicts between feeding and gas exchange in suspension-feeding tadpoles, Xenopus laevis Journal of Experimental Biology 110 91-98 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;D. B. Seale, M. E. Boraas, R. J. Wassersug;Gibbs., A. G. 1984 Functional conflicts between feeding and gas exchange in suspension-feeding tadpoles, Xenopus laevis. Journal of Experimental Biology 110 91-98 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;D. B. Seale, M. E. Boraas, R. J. Wassersug;Gibbs., A. G. 1984 Functional conflicts between feeding and gas exchange in suspension-feeding tadpoles, Xenopus laevis Journal of Experimental Biology 110 91-98 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;Wassersug., R. J. 1984 Aerial versus aquatic oxygen consumption in the larvae of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Journal of Experimental Biology 108 231-245 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;Wassersug., R. J. 1984 Aerial versus aquatic oxygen consumption in the larvae of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis Journal of Experimental Biology 108 231-245 Journal Article Feder, M. E.;A. G. Gibbs, G. A. Griffith;Tsuji., J. 1984 Thermal acclimation of metabolism in salamanders: fact or artefact? Journal of Thermal Biology 9 255-260 Journal Article Fei, Liang;Ye, Changyuan 1983 Two new subspecies of Megophrys omeimontis Liu from China (Amphibia: Pelobatidae) Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2 49-52 Amphibia, anura, Megophrys, Megophrys omeimontis motuoensis, megophryidae, megophryinae, pelobatidae Journal Article Feinsinger, P.;Spears, E. E.;Poole., R. W. 1981 A simple measure of niche breadth Ecology 62 27-32 Journal Article Felger, Richard S.;Moser, Mary Beck;Moser, Edward W. 1981 The desert tortoise in Seri Indian culture Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 113-120 Gopherus agassizii ethno ecology food subsistence uses conservation Journal Article Felman, M.L. 1983 Effects of rotation on the viability of turtle eggs Herpetological Review 14 3 76-77 conservation Journal Article Felsenstein, Joseph 1982 Numerical methods for inferring evolutionary trees Quarterly Review of Biology 57 4 379-404 Journal Article Felsenstein, Joseph 1983 Parsimony in Systematics: Biological and statistical issues Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 14 313-333 Journal Article Felsenstein, Joseph 1984 distance methods for inferring phylogenies: A justification Evolution 38 1 16-24 Journal Article Fendley, T.T. 1980 Incubating wood duck and hooded merganser hens killed by black rat snakes The Wilson Bulletin 92 526-527 Journal Article Fenwick, H. 1982 Taking care of your pet tortoise Cambridge testu,zucht,vit,vet,tech WP x Journal Article Ferguson, G. W.;Bohlen, C. H.;Woolley, P. 1980 Sceloporus undulatus: comparative life history and regulation of a Kansas population Ecology 61 2 313-322 reptiles, lizards demography, geographic variation, Journal Article Ferguson, M.W. 1980 The American alligator (Alligator mississipiensis): a new model for investigating developmental mechanisms in normal and abnormal palate formation Monogr. Allergy 16 245-259 AM, embryology, anatomy, Journal Article Ferguson, Gary W.;Brockman, Todd 1980 Geographic differences of growth rate of Sceloporus lizards (Sauria: Iguanidae) Copeia 1980 259-264 Journal Article Ferguson, M. W. J. 1981 Extrinsic microbial degradation of the alligator eggshell Science (Wash. D.C.) 214 1135-1137 84, Alligator, eggshell, bacteria, Crocodilia Journal Article Ferguson, Mark W. J. 1981 Extrinsic microbial degradation of the Alligator eggshell Science 214 1135-1137 Journal Article Ferguson, Mark W. J. 1981 The structure and development of the palate in Alligator mississippiensis Archs oral Biol. 26 427-443 Journal Article Ferguson, Mark W. J. 1981 Review: the value of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) as a model for research in craniofacial development Journal of Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology 1 123-144 Conference Proceedings Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 The application of embryological studies to alligator farming 129-156 Journal Article Ferguson, M. W. 1981 Review: the value of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) as a model for research in craniofacial development J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 1 1 123-44 Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Alligators and Crocodiles/*embryology; Animal; Birds/embryology; Cleft Palate/embryology; Female; *Maxillofacial Development; Ovum; Palate/anatomy & histology/embryology; Reptiles/*embryology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tooth/embryology American alligators exhibit a number of morphological features which are more characteristic of mammals than reptiles. This unique combination makes an extremely useful animal for experimental investigations of craniofacial development. Thus, it is possible to make a longitudinal study of the development of the alligator's secondary palate by utilizing shell-less culture techniques. Incubation of eggs at 28 degrees C, as opposed to 3 degrees C, slows development sufficiently to enable both the recovery of critical intermediate stages, and also great precision in the timing of teratogen administration. Injection of either 0.01 mg of 5-fluoro-2-desoxyuridine or 0.05 mg of hydrocortisone into the yolks of Days 12, 14, and 17 embryos produces cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate, respectively. Application of the teratogen at critical developmental stages on Day 12 reliably induces unilateral cleft lip on either the right or left sides, while injection on Day 10 yields embryos with normal lips and palates but virtually no lower jaw. The spontaneous malformation rate is very low, but highest in eggs laid by young and old animals. Changes in eggshell banding provide a noninvasive method for monitoring embryonic development. Detailed comparisons of palatal development in birds and alligators permit an accurate phylogenetic study of physiological clefting in the aves. The alligator dentition is readily amenable to experimental studies. Journal Article Ferguson, M. W. 1981 Developmental mechanisms in normal and abnormal palate formation with particular reference to the aetiology, pathogenesis and prevention of cleft palate Br J Orthod 8 3 115-37 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Cleft Palate/chemically induced/embryology/*etiology/pathology/prevention & control; Comparative Study; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Floxuridine/adverse effects; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Palate/*embryology; Pregnancy; Rats; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Palatal development was studied macroscopically, microscopically and ultrastructurally in foetuses of inbred Wistar rats and Alligator mississippiensis. In the rat, elevation of the palatal shelves from a vertical position lateral to the tongue to a horizontal position above the tongue, occurs very rapidly. This reorientation is postulated to be caused by an intrinsic turgor shelf force generated by the hydration of mesenchymal mucopolysaccharides (predominantly hyaluronic acid). Cleft palate was induced in rat foetuses using 5-fluoro-2-desoxyuridine and was associated with greatly decreased mucopolysaccharide synthesis. The alligator is the only animal which develops in an external egg and which possesses a true mammal-like secondary palate: it is therefore a useful animal model system because longitudinal studies and direct surgical and pharmacological manipulations can be performed. The palatal shelves of alligators grow horizontally above the dorsum of the tongue from their first appearance. This de novo horizontal shelf growth is associated with an increase amount of space in the alligator oronasal cavity due to the small, fatty, alligator tongue. It is postulated that the evolution of the large muscular mammalian tongue constrains the palatal shelves to grow vertically until sufficient space can be created to form the common nasal passage simultaneous with shelf elevation. Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 Review: The value of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) as a model for research in craniofacial development J. Craniofac. Gen. Devel. Biol. 1 123-144 AM, anatomy, embryology, LA Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 Palate development in Alligator mississippiensis J. Anat. 133 1 114-116 AM, anatomy, embryology, Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 Increasing porosity of the incubating alligator eggshell caused by extrinsic microbial degradation Experimentia 37 252-254 AM, reproduction, nest, Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 Extrinsic erosion of the alligator eggshell J. Anat. 132 3 451-452 AM, reproduction, nest, Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 Experimental cleft lip and palate in Alligator mississippiensis Herpetol. Rev. 12 2 54-55 AM, anatomy, embryology, Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 Developmental mechanisms in normal and abnormal palate formation with particular reference to the aetiology, pathogenesis,and prevention of cleft palate Brit. J. Orthodontics 8 115-137 AM, anatomy, embryology, Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1981 Alligator mississippiensis: a new model for investigating palatal development J. Dental Res. 60B 1088 AM, anatomy, embryology, Journal Article Ferguson, M. W.;Honig, L. S.;Bringas, P., Jr.;Slavkin, H. C. 1982 In vivo and in vitro development of first branchial arch derivatives in Alligator mississippiensis Prog Clin Biol Res 101 275-86 Animal; Branchial Region/*physiology/ultrastructure; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology; Female; Muscles/embryology; Organ Culture; *Osteogenesis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J.;Joanen, T. 1982 Temperature of egg incubation determines sex in Alligator mississippiensis Nature (Lond.) 296 5860 850-853 AM, reproduction, temperature, nest, demography, LA Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1982 The structure and composition of the eggshell and embryonic membranes of Alligator mississippiensis Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 36 99-152 AM, reproduction, embryology, nest, LA Journal Article Ferguson, Mark J.;Joanen, Ted 1983 Temperature-dependent sex determination in Alligator mississippiensis Journal of Zoology, London 200 143-177 Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J.;Joanen, T. 1983 Temperature-dependent sex determination in Alligator mississippiensis J. Zool., Lond. 200 2 143-177 AM, reproduction, temperature, nest, demography, embryology, anatomy, LA Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J.;al., et 1983 Alligator mandibular development during long term organ culture In Vitro 19 5 385-393 AM, anatomy, embryology, sense, Journal Article Ferguson, G. W.;Fox, S. F. 1984 Annual variation of survival advantage of large juvenile side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana: its causes and evolutionary significance Evolution 38 2 342-349 reptiles, cycles, mortality, selection, Texas, predation Journal Article Ferguson, M. W.;Honig, L. S.;Slavkin, H. C. 1984 Differentiation of cultured palatal shelves from alligator, chick, and mouse embryos Anat Rec 209 2 231-49 Alligators and Crocodiles/*embryology; Animal; Cell Differentiation; Chick Embryo/*physiology; Female; In Vitro; Mice/*embryology; Mice, Inbred Strains; Organ Culture; Palate/*embryology; Reptiles/*embryology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Palatal shelves from embryonic alligators, chicks, and mice were explanted at various stages of development and organ cultured in either chemically defined, serumless media or the same media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Shelves from each vertebrate were either cultured singly or in contact, and heterologous combinations of palatal shelves from different animals were made: chick/mouse, chick/alligator, and mouse/alligator. Epithelial differentiation (particularly that of the medial shelf edge) was assayed by vital staining, histology, and scanning electron microscopy. In vitro medial edge epithelial differentiation, and consequently the mechanisms of palatal closure, were identical to those normally seen in vivo for each species, i.e., cobble-stoned migrating epithelia in the alligator, cell death and fusion in the mouse, and keratinisation and cleft palate in the chick. Differentiation was optimal in the chemically defined, serumless media and was independent of shelf contact in all three species. No heterologous combinations of palatal shelves closed with each other: Evidently, the modes of palatal closure in mice and alligators are sufficiently different to prevent them forming a chimeric palate, whilst neither is capable of inducing closure in a cocultured chick palatal shelf. These unified defined culture conditions make possible a large number of epithelial-mesenchymal recombination studies as well as specific inhibitor, teratogenic, and hormonal investigations. Journal Article Ferguson, M.W.J. 1984 Craniofacial development in Alligator mississippiensis Symp.zool. Soc. Lond. 52 223-273 AM, CJ, CPR, embryology, disease, Book Section Ferguson, Mark W. J. 1984 Craniofacial development in Alligator mississippiensis Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 223-273 Book Section Ferguson, Mark W. J. 1984 Professor Angus d'Albini Bellairs - An appreciation Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 2-10 Edited Book Ferguson, Mark W. J. 1984 The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press xxii, 697 Edited Book Ferguson, Mark W. 1984 The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press xxii, 697 Journal Article Ferlan, I.;Russell, Findlay E. 1982 Dye-ligand chromatography. A new technique for venoms Periodicum Biologorum 84 1 29-32 Journal Article Fernandez, M. 1983 Terrestrial turtles of Argentina Bol. Assoc. Herpetol. Argentine 1 3 11 Journal Article Feuer, L.;Török, L. J.;Kapa, Eszter;Csaba, G. 1980 Effect of levamisole and litoralon on amphibian metamorphosis Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66C 159-162 rana arvalis Journal Article Fibiger, H. C.;Phillips, A. G. 1981 Female sex pheromone in the skin and circulation of a garter snake Science 214 681-684 reptiles, snakes, chemical, Thamnophis sirtalis, Journal Article Fincke, O. M. 1984 Giant damselflies in a tropical forest: Reproductive biology of Megaloprepus coerulatus with notes on Mecistogaster (Zygoptera: Pseudostigmatidae) Advances in Odonatology 2 December 13-27 invertebrates, insects, Odonata, behavior, sexual dimorphism, treeholes, breeding sites, larvae Journal Article Fink, William L. 1982 Cladistics in action Science 216 472-473 Journal Article Fink, W. L. 1982 The conceptual relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny Paleobiology 8 254-264 Journal Article Finkelstein, D. 1984 Tigers of the stream Audubon 86 3 98-110 CPR, Australia Journal Article Fiorito de Lopez, L. E.;Echeverria., D. D. 1984 Morfogenesis de los dientes larvales y pico corneo de Bufo arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) Zoología 13 573-578 Book Section Firth, Bruce J.;Turner, J. Scott 1982 Sensory, neural and hormonal aspects of thermoregulation Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 213-274 Journal Article Fischberg, M.;Colombelli, B.;Picard, J.-J. 1982 Diagnose preliminaire d'une espece nouvelle de Xenopus du Zaïre. [Preliminary diagnosis of a new species of Xenopus from Zaire] Alytes 1 4 53-55 tropicalis morphology epitropicalis sp. nov. Book Section Fischer, Jean-Louis 1983 Notice sur l'histoire de la teratologie des amphibiens Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 191-196 Journal Article Fish, F.E. 1984 Kinematics of undulatory swimming in the American alligator Copeia 1984 4 839-843 AM, locomotion, anatomy, Journal Article Fisher, D.C. 1981 Crocodilian scatology, microvertebrate concentrations, and enamel-less teeth Paleobiology 7 2 262-275 CCR, AM, food Journal Article Fisher, R. S.;Spring, K. R. 1984 Intracellular activities during volume regulation by Necturus gallbladder J Membr Biol 78 3 187-99 Animal; Chlorides/physiology; Gallbladder/*cytology; Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus; Osmolar Concentration; Ouabain/pharmacology; Potassium/physiology; Sodium/physiology; *Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells regulate their volume after a change in solution osmolality. We determined the intracellular activities of Na, K and Cl when the mucosal bathing solution osmolality was increased 18% by the addition of mannitol. The gallbladder was mounted in a rapid flow chamber and punctured simultaneously with two single-barrelled microelectrodes. One electrode sensed membrane potential and the other was sensitive to the activity of Na, K or Cl. Cell volume measurements, made in previous studies utilizing quantitative light microscopy, indicated that hypertonicity of the mucosal bath first caused a cell shrinkage of 15% followed by volume readjustment. Some loss of Na, K and Cl was observed during shrinkage; subsequently during volume regulation, the intracellular quantities of all three ions increased. The loss of Na during the initial cell shrinkage could be blocked by ouabain and was therefore due to increased transport. K and Cl losses were probably related to the increase in their concentrations during shrinkage. The gain of Na, K and Cl during volume regulation was similar in magnitude to the loss of these solutes during cell shrinkage. The increase of Na, K and Cl during volume regulation accounted for about 60% of the increase of cell solutes during this period indicating that other solutes also contributed to the volume regulation response. Journal Article Fitch, Henry S. 1980 Remarks concerning certain western garter snakes of the Thamnophis elegans Complex Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 83 3 106-113 Report Fitch, H.S.;Nadeau, M.R. 1980 An assessment of Caiman latirostris and Caiman crocodilus yacare in northern Argentina Journal Article Fitch, H. S.;Brown, W. S.;Parker, W. S. 1981 Coluber mormon, a species distinct from C. constrictor Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 84 4 196-203 reptiles, description, relationships, taxonomy, morphology Journal Article Fitch, H. S. 1981 Sexual size differences in reptiles Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas 70 1-72 morphology, dimorphism, comparative, geographic variation, ontogeny, systematics, Journal Article Fitch, Henry S. 1981 Sexual size differences in Reptiles University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 70 1-72 Journal Article Fitch, Henry S. 1981 Thamnophis sirtalis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 270 1-4 Journal Article Fitch, H. S. 1981 Sexual size Differences in Reptiles Miscellaneous Publication University of Kansas Musume of Natural History 70 1-73 sexual differences, sexual dimorphism, reptiles Book Section Fitch, H. S.;Henderson, R. W.;Hillis, D. M. 1982 Exploitation of iguanas in Central America Rand, G.M. Burgardt and A.S. Iguanas of the World: Their behavior, ecology, and conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 397-416 Reptiles, lizards, iguanas, Iguana, Ctenosaura similis, Central America, exploitation, hunting, eating, disappearance, commerce Book Section Fitch, Henry S.;Henderson, Robert W.;Hillis, David M. 1982 Explotation of iguanas in Central America Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 397-417 Journal Article Fitch, Henry S. 1982 Reproductive cycles in tropical reptiles Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 96 1-53 Reproductive cycles Book Section Fitch, Henry S. 1982 Resources of a snake community in prairie-woodland habitat of northeastern Kansas Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 83-97 diadophis punctatus agkistrodon contortrix thamnophis sirtalis coluber constrictor Journal Article Fitch, Walter M. 1982 The challenges to Darwinism since the last centennial and the impact of molecular studies Evolution 36 6 1133-1143 Journal Article Fitch, H.S.;Nadeau, M. 1982 Broad-snouted and Paraquayan caimans in Argentina ARC, NYZS, Ann. Rep. 1982 CL, CCR, distribution, South America Journal Article Fitch, H. S. 1983 Thamnophis elegans (Baird and Girard) western terrestrial garter snake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 320 1-4 reptiles, snakes, account, distribution, taxonomy Book Section Fitch, H. S. 1983 Sphenomorphus cherriei (Escincella Pards, Skink) Jantzen, D. H. Costa Rican Natural History 422-425 reptiles, skink, lizards, Journal Article Fitch, Henry S. 1983 Thamnophis elegans Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 320 1-4 Journal Article Fitch, H. S.;Hillis, D. M. 1984 The Anolis dewlap: interspecific variability and morphological associations with habitat Copeia 1984 2 315-323 reptiles, lizards, comparative, morphology Journal Article Fitch, Henry S.;Seigel, Richard A. 1984 Ecological and taxonomic notes on Nicaraguan anoles Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 57 1-13 anolis carpenteri laeviventris sminthus cupreus humilis limifrons biogeography key distribution``````````````````````````````````````````` Journal Article Fitch, Henry S. 1984 Thamnophis couchii Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 351 1-3 Journal Article Fittkau, Ernst Josef 1983 Johann Babtist Ritter von Spix: Sein Leben und sein wissenschaftliches Werk Spixiana Suppl. 9 11-18 Biography; bibliography Journal Article Fitzgerald, Mark 1983/1984 A New South Wales record for the freckled tree monitor Varanus tristis orientalis Herpetofauna 15 1-2 23 Varanus tristis orientalis Journal Article Flanagan, J.P. et al. 1983 Pathobiology and management of chronic regurgitation in snakes AAZV 24-27 208-209 Reptilia, serpentes, desert rat snake, Elaphe subocularis, Elaphe baidi, regurgitation, therapy 160590 MDL DGB, Reprint Endnote 93/371 Journal Article Fletemeyer, J. 1980 A preliminary analysis of sea turtle eggs for DDE Mar. Turtle Newsl. 15 6-7 Journal Article Flier, J.;Edwards, M. W.;Daly, J. W.;Myers, C. W. 1980 Widespread occurrence in frogs and toads of skin compounds interacting with the Ouabain site of Na, K-ATPase Science 208 May 2 503-505 Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo, Atelopus, defense, granular glands, Dendrophryniscus, Melanophrynuscus Journal Article Floyd, D. A.;Anderson, J. E. 1982 A new point interception frame for estimating cover of vegetation Vegetatio 50 185-186 Journal Article Floyd, H. B.;Jenssen, T. A. 1983 Food habits of the Jamaican lizard Anolis opalinus: resource partitioning and seasonal effects examinesd Copeia 1983 2 319-331 reptiles, lizards, diet, behavior, niche, sexual size dimorphism Journal Article Floyd, R. B. 1983 Ontogenetic change in the temperature tolerance of larval Bufo marinus (Anura: Bufonidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 75A 267-271 Journal Article Floyd, R. B. 1984 Variation in temperature preference with stage of development of Bufo marinus larvae Journal of Herpetology 18 153-158 Book Section Foelsch, D. W.;Leloup, P. 1983 Infection enzootique grave dans un serpentarium Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 25-31 Journal Article Foelsch, D. W.;Leloup, P. 1983 Serious infection in a snake collection.(French) (Infection enzootique grave dans un serpentarium) Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 25-31 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, virus, vet,serp,virus WI x Journal Article Foelsch, D. W.;Leloup, P. 1983 Serious infection in a snake collection.(Infection enzootique grave dans un serpentarium) Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 25-31 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, virus, vet,serp,virus WI x Journal Article Fogden, Patricia 1983 Jewels of the tropical forest GEO 5 April 92-99 Journal Article Fogden, Michael;Fogden, Patricia 1984 All that glitters may be toads Natural History 93 5 47-50 Bufo periglenes Journal Article Fogleman, J. C.;Corn, P. S.;Pettus, D. 1980 The genetic basis of a dorsal color polymorphism in Rana pipiens The Journal of Heredity 71 439-440 Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, coloration Journal Article Forbes, M. S.;Dent, J. N.;Zaccaria, R. A.;Singhas, C. A. 1981 Hyperpigmented patches in the skin of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens Tissue Cell 13 2 403-11 Animal; Chromatophores/*ultrastructure; Epidermis/ultrastructure; Melanophores/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Notophthalmus viridescens/*anatomy & histology; Pigmentation; Salamandridae/*anatomy & histology; Skin/*ultrastructure; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. In the integument of the red-spotted newt there occasionally appear patches of skin which are at the same time melanistic and iridescent. Such hyperpigmented patches have been found on the back, on the tail and on the dorsal surface of both fore and hind limbs. Cytological examination of several such areas revealed the presence of large numbers of chromatophores distributed throughout the dermis. The majority of the chromatophores consisted of atypically large and dendritic melanophores, which contained typical pigment granules. The iridescence resulted from a high incidence of iridophores. Xanthophores also were found in considerable abundance. This extensive and apparently random intermingling of melanophores, iridophores and xanthophores in limited areas constitutes a striking exception to the usual distributional patterns of pigment cells in this animal. Journal Article Ford, N. B. 1981 Seasonality of pheromone trailing behavior in two species of garter snake, Thamnophis (Colubridae) Southwestern Naturalist 26 4 385-388 reptiles, behavior, cycle, reproduction, Journal Article Ford, N. B. 1982 Courtship behavior of the queen snake, Regina septemvittata Herp Review 13 3 72 reptiles, reproduction Journal Article Ford, N. B.;Killebrew, D.W. 1983 Reproductive tactics and female body size in Butler's garter snake, Thamnophis butleri Journal of Herpetology 17 3 271-275 reptiles, relative clutch mass, Journal Article Ford, L. S.;Savage, J. M. 1984 A new frog of the genus Eleuthrodactylus (Leptodactylidae) from Guatemala Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 110 1-9 amphibians, description, morphology, daryi, Journal Article Ford, Neil B.;Schofield, Carolyn W. 1984 Species specificty of sex pheromone trails in the Plains garter snake, Thamnophis radix Herpetologica 40 1 51-55 Journal Article Ford, Linda S.;Savage, Jay M. 1984 A new frog of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) from Guatemala Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 110 1-9 Eleutherodactylus daryi sp.nov.; New species; Guatemala Journal Article Ford, N. B.;Low, J. R. 1984 Sex pheromone source location by garter snakes: A mechanism for detection of direction in nonvolatile trails J Chem Ecol 10 1193-1199 Journal Article Forehand, C. J.;Farel., P. B. 1982 Spinal cord development in anuran larvae: II. Ascending and descending pathways. Journal of Comparative Neurology 209 395-408 Journal Article Forehand, C. J.;Farel., P. B. 1982 Spinal cord development in anuran larvae: I. Primary and secondary neurons. Journal of Comparative Neurology 209 386-394 Journal Article Foreman, Larry D. 1984 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 65-67 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Forester, D. C. 1983 Duration of the breeding period in the mountain dusky salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus and its influence on aggression toward conspecifics Copeia 1983 1098-1101 Journal Article Forgey, Elizabeth W. 1982 Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 86-89 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Formanowicz, D. R. Jr.;Stewart, M. M.;Townsend, K.;Pough, F. H.;Brussard, P. F. 1981 Predation by giant crab spiders on the Puerto Rican frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Herpetologica 37 3 125-129 Amphibia, Anura, prey, Olios, invertebrates, Leptocactylidae, Sparassidae, size Journal Article Formanowicz, Daniel R., Jr.;Stewart, Margaret M.;Townsend, Karyn;Pough, F. Harvey;Brussard, Peter F. 1981 Predation by giant crab spiders on the Puerto Rican frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Herpetologica 37 3 125-129 Journal Article Formanowicz, Daniel R., Jr.;Bobka, Marlene S.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1982 The effect or prey density on ambush-site changes in an extreme ambush-type predator American Midland Naturalist 108 2 250-255 Journal Article Formanowicz, D. R., Jr.;E. D. Brodie, Jr. 1982 Relative palatabilities of members of a larval amphibian community Copeia 1982 91-97 Journal Article Formanowicz, D. R., Jr.;Bobka, M. S.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1982 The effect of prey density on ambush-site changes in an extreme ambush-type predator Amer. Midl. Nat. 108 2 250-255 Predator: Hydrochara obtusata, Insect, Coleoptera, Hydrophylidae; Prey, Hyla crucifer larvae, amphibia, anura Journal Article Formanowicz, D. R., Jr.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1982 Relative palatabilities of membres of a larval amphibian community Copeia 1982 1 91-97 palatabilities, larval amphibian, Rana sylvatica, R. palustris, R. clamitans, Hyla crucifer,Bufo americanus, Pseudacris , Ambystoma maculatum, Notophthalmus viridescens, Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Hylidae, Caudata, Urodela, Plethodontidae, Insect Dytiscus verticalis Journal Article Formanowicz, D. R. Jr. 1984 Foraging tactics of an aquatic insect: Partial consumption of prey Animal Behaviour 32 774-781 invertebrates, predators, predation, tadpoles, beetle, Dystiscus verticalis, optimal patch foraging, handling time, ingestion, search time, densities Journal Article Formas, J. R.;Vera, M. Antonieta 1980 Reproductive patterns of Eusophus roseus and E. vittatus Journal of Herpetology 14 1 11-14 reproduction Journal Article Formas, J. R.;Diaz, N. F.;Valencia., J. 1980 The tadpole of the Chilean frog Insuetophrynus acarpicus Herpetologica 36 316-318 Journal Article Formas, J. R.;Vera., M. A. 1980 Reproductive patterns of Eupsophus roseus and E. vittatus. Journal of Herpetology 14 11-14 Journal Article Forstner, M.J.;Regensburger, J.;Claussen, J. 1983 Research on the medication of helminths in tortoises Untersuchungen zur medikamentellen Bekämpfung der Helminthen von Landschildkröten Vet. Med. Nachr. 1983 10-15 Reptilia, testudines, Agrionemys, fenbantel, mebenvet testu,vet,paras WI x Journal Article Foster, M. S.;McDiarmid, R. W. 1982 Study of aggregative behavior of Rhinophrynus dorsalis tadpoles Herpetologica 38 3 395-404 Amphibia, Salientia, Rhinophrynidae, growth, schooling, social conditioning, larvae Journal Article Foster, Mercedes S. 1982 The research natural history museum: Pertinent or passé? Biologist 64 1 1-12 collections Journal Article Foster, R. G.;Roberts., A. 1982 The pineal eye in Xenopus laevis embryos and larvae: a photoreceptor with a direct excitatory effect on behaviour Journal of Comparative Physiology 145A 413-419 Journal Article Foster, M. S.;McDiarmid., R. W. 1982 Study of aggregative behavior of Rhinophrynus dorsalis tadpoles: design and analysis Herpetologica 38 395-404 Book Section Foster, M. S.;McDiarmid, R. W. 1983 Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Alma de Vaca, Sapo Borracho, Mexican burrowing toad) Janzen, D.H. Costa Rican Natural History Chicago University of Chicago Press 419-421 Anura, Rhinophrynidae, Rhinophrynus dorsalis, natural history, C. America, Costa Rica, 161 Journal Article Fouquette, M. J. Jr. 1980 Effect of environmental temperatures on body temperature of aquatic-calling anurans Journal of Herpetology 14 4 347-352 temperature, water temperature, calling, frogs, anurans, Bufo, Scaphiopus, toads Journal Article Fowler, M. E. 1980 Comparison of respiratory infection and hypovitaminosis-A in Desert tortoises Comp. Pathol. Zoo Anim. Washington testu,vet,vit Fernl x Journal Article Fowler, Charles W.;MacMahon, James A. 1982 Selective extinction and speciation: their influence on the structure and functioning of communities and ecosystems American Naturalist 119 4 480-498 Thesis Fowler, L.E. 1983 The population and feeding ecology of tortoises and feral burros on Volcan Acedo, Galapagos Islands Journal Article Fox, Stanley F.;Rose, Elizabeth;Myers, Ronald 1981 Dominance and the acquisition of superior home ranges in the lizard Uta stansburiana Ecology 62 4 888-893 Journal Article Fox, S. F.;Rostker, M. A. 1982 Social cost of tail loss in Uta stansburiana Science 218 692-693 Reptiles, lizards, social, tail loss, caudal autotomy, costs, aggression Book Section Fox, S. F. 1982 Fitness, home-range quality, and aggression in Uta stansburiana Huey, R. B. Lizard Ecology 149-168 reptiles, lizards, behavior, territory, reproduction BiblioBid Bulk Fox, H. 1984 Amphibian morphogenesis Amphibia, development, morphology, growth Journal Article Frailey, David;Campbell, Kenneth E. 1980 A Pleistocene record of Bufo spinulosus from Peru Copeia 1980 4 935-936 Journal Article Frair, Wayne 1980 Serological survey of pleurodiran turtles Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65B 505-511 hydromedusa platemys chelus phrynops emydura elseya chelodina Journal Article Frair, W. 1981 The world's largest living turtle Internatl. Turtle & Tortoise Soc. J. 5 2 22-25, 31 Journal Article Frank, W. 1981 [I] Endoparasites. [II] Ectoparasites [of reptiles] Diseases of the Reptilia 1 Reptilia, Diseases-book, Zoo-animals; Diseases-of-Reptilia-book; Testudines, Books-; Animal-diseases; Wild-animals; All four Orders of reptiles (Crocodylia, Sauria, Serpentes, Testudines) are represented in this collection of 18 Journal Article Frank, W. 1984 Post mortem findings in the royal python 1979-1983 at the University Hohenheim Sektionsbefunde des Königspython 1979 - 1983 an der Universität Hohenheim unveröff. Zusammenstellung Reptilia, serpentes, python, Python regius; pathology serp,vet WI x Journal Article Frankenberg, E.;Werner, Y. L. 1981 Adaptability of the daily activity pattern to changes in longitude, in a colonizing lizard, Hemidactylus frenatus Journal of Herpetology 15 3 373-376 reptiles, diel, Journal Article Frankenberg, Eliezer 1981 Optomotor responses of three congeneric gekkonid lizards having different daily activity times Journal of Zoology, London 193 147-156 Journal Article Frankenberg, E. 1982 Vocal behavior of the mediterranean house gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus Copeia 1982 4 770-775 reptiles, lizards, sound, vocalization Journal Article Frankenberg, Eliezer 1984 Activity patterns of geckos Hardun 2 7-13;68 Ptyodactylus Journal Article Franz, R.;Tonnessen, D. 1983 Success story: The return of the American alligator Fl. St. Mus. News 7 6 6 AM, conservation, FL Journal Article Franz, R.;Woods, C.A. 1983 A fossil tortoise from Hispaniola J. Herpetol. 17 1 79-81 Journal Article Frazer, N.B.;Ehrhart, L.M. 1983 Relating straight-line to over-the-curve measurements for loggerheads Mar. Turtle Newsl. 24 4-5 Journal Article Frazer, N.B. 1983 Survivorship of adult female loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, nesting on Little Cumberland Island, Georgia, USA Herpetologica 39 436-447 Journal Article Frazer, N.B. 1983 Survivorship of adult female loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, in the wild ASB Bull. 30 56 Journal Article Frazer, N.B. 1983 Effect of tidal cycles on loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, emerging from the sea Copeia 516-519 Thesis Frazer, N.B. 1983 Demography and life history evolution of the Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta 233 pp. Journal Article Frazier, J.;Peters, G. 1981 The call of the Aldabra tortoise (Geochelone gigantea) (Reptilia, Testudinidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 2 165-179 Book Section Frazier, J. 1982 Status of sea turtles in the Central Western Indian Ocean Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press 385-389 Book Section Frazier, Jack 1982 "Status of sea turtles in the central western Indian Ocean" and "Subsistence hunting in the Indian Ocean" Bjorndal, Karen A. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles: Proceedings of the World Conference on Sea Turtle Conservation Washington, DC Smithsonian Institution Press 385-396 Journal Article Frazier, J.;Salas, S. 1983 The marine turtle situation in the east Pacific CDC Newsletter 2 1 7-10 Book Section Frazier, J. 1984 Marine turtles in the Seychelles and adjacent territories Stoddart, D. Biogeography and Ecology of the Seychelles Islands The Hague Dr. W. Junk Publ. 417-468 Journal Article Freda, Joseph 1983 Diet of larval Ambystoma maculatum in New Jersey Journal of Herpetology 17 2 177-179 Caudata, Ambystomidae, Ambystoma maculatum, diet, feeding, foraging, larvae, USA, New Jersey, 288 Journal Article Freda, Joseph;Dunson, William A. 1984 Sodium balance of amphibian larvae exposed to low environmental pH Physiological Zoology 57 4 435-443 Journal Article Freda, J.;Dunson., W. A. 1984 Sodium balance of amphibian larvae exposed to low environmental pH Physiological Zoology 57 435-443 Journal Article Freed, A. N. 1980 Prey selection and feeding behavior of the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) Ecology 61 3 461-465 activity motor patterns, Aedes, Anopheles, Musca, prey behavior, selection, size, Amphibia, Anura, choice Journal Article Freed, Arthur N. 1980 An adaptive advantage of basking behavior in an anuran amphibian Physiological Zoology 53 4 433-444 Journal Article Freed, Aurthur 1980 An adaptive advantage of basking behavior in anuran amphibian Physiological Zoology 53 4 433-444 thermoregulation, frogs, behavioral, posture, basking Journal Article Freed, A. N. 1982 A treefrog's menu: Selection for an evening's meal Oecologia 53 20-26 Amphibia, Anura, frog, prey choice, selection, feeding, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Spodoptera, Chauliognathus, diet, size, activity patterns Book Freiberg, Marcos 1981 Turtles of South America Neptune City, NJ TFH 125 Book Freiberg, Marcos 1982 Snakes of South America Neptune City, NJ TFH 189 412.00 Journal Article Fretey, J. 1980 Les pontes de la tortue luth Dermochelys coriacea en Guyane francaise Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie). 34 649-654 leatherback Journal Article Fretey, J.;Bour, R. 1980 Redecouverte du type de Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli) (Testudinata, Dermochelyidae) Boll. Zool. 47 193-205 leatherback Journal Article Fretey, J. 1981 Note sur les traumas observes chez des Tortues luth adultes Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli) (Testudines, Dermochelyidae) Rev. fr. Aquariol 8 4 119-128 leatherback Book Friederich, Ursel;Volland, Werner 1981 Futtertierzucht: Lebendfutter für Vivarientiere Stuttgart Ulmer 168 Journal Article Frier, J. A.;Zappalorti, R. T. 1983 Reptile and amphibian management techniques Transactions Of The Northeast Fish And Wildlife Conference 40 142-148 Journal Article Fritts, T.H 1981 Marine turtles of the Galapagos Islands and adjacent areas of the eastern Pacific on the basis of observations made by J.R. Slevin 1905-1906 Journal of Herpetology 15 293-301 Journal Article Fritts, T. H.;Hoffman, W. 1982 Diurnal nesting of marine turtles in Southern Brevard County, Florida Journal of Herpetology 16 1 84-86 reptiles, turtles, reproduction, behavior Journal Article Fritts, T. H.;Snell, H. L.;Martin, R. L. 1982 Anarbylus switaki Murphy: an addition to the herpetofauna of the United States with comments on relationships with Coleonyx Journal of Herpetology 16 1 39-52 reptiles, lizards, Mexico, California, geckos, Journal Article Fritts, Thomas H.;Stinson, Margery L.;Márquez-M., Rene 1982 Status of sea turtle nesting in southern Baja California, México Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 81 2 51-60 Journal Article Fritts, T.H.;Fritts, R. 1982 Race with extinction: Herpetological field notes of J.R. Slevin's journey to the Galapagos, 1905-1906 Herpetol. Monograph 1 1-98 Journal Article Fritts, Thomas H.;Stinson, Margery L.;Márquez-M.;Rene 1982 Status of sea turtle nesting in southern Baja California, México Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 81 2 51-60 Journal Article Fritts, T. H.;Hoffman, W. 1982 Diurnal nesting of marine turtles in southern Brevard County, Florida Journal of Herpetology 16 1 84-86 reptiles, turtles, reproduction, behavior Journal Article Fritts, Thomas H.;Fritts, Patricia R. 1982 Race with extinction: Herpetological field notes of J.R. Slevin's journey to the Galapagos, 1905-1906 Herpetological Monograph 1 1-98 Book Fritts, T.H.;A.B. Irvine, R.D. Jennings, L.A. Collum, W. Hoffman, M.A. McGehee 1983 Turtles, birds, and mammals in the northern Gulf of Mexico and nearby Atlantic waters U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. 455 pp. Book Section Fritts, T.H. 1983 Morphometrics of Galapagos Tortoises: Evolutionary Implications R.I. Bowman, M. Berson, A.E. Leviton Patterns of Evolution in Galapagos Organisms AAAS, Pacific Division 107-122 Journal Article Fritts, T.H.;R.P. Reynolds, M.A. McGehee 1983 The distribution and abundance of marine turtles in the Gulf of Mexico and nearby Atlantic waters J. Herp. 17 327-344 Journal Article Fritts, T.H. 1984 Evolutionary divergence of giant tortoises in Galapagos Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 21 1/2 165-176 Journal Article Fritts, Thomas H. 1984 Evolutionary divergence of giant tortoises in Galapogos Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 21 165-176 Journal Article Fritzsch, B. 1981 Electroreceptors and direction specific arrangement in the lateral line system of salamanders Zeit. Naturforsch. 36C 493-495 Journal Article Fritzsch, B. 1981 The pattern of lateral-line afferents in urodeles. A horseradish-peroxidase study. Cell and Tissue Reserach 218 581-594 Journal Article Fritzsch, B.;Crapon de Caprona, D. 1984 The origin of centrifugal inner ear fibers of gymnophions (amphibia). A horseradish peroxidase study Neurosci Lett 46 2 131-6 The cells of origin of the centrifugal innervation to the inner ear were investigated in the amphibian order gymnophiona. After applying HRP to the VIIIth nerve inside the otic capsul a Golgi-like labeling was obtained only in a small number of cells in the ipsilateral rhombencephalic basal plate and in the VIIIth nerve afferents. The axons of these cells course after entrance to the raphe and then turn back to the efferent cells in the reticular formation. With respect to the exclusively ipsilateral distribution, the efferent cells of gymnophions resemble those of anurans. With respect to the axon course they resemble those of urodeles, and may thus be regarded as intermediate between the two orders of amphibians. The phylogenetic significance of these findings is discussed. Journal Article Fritzsch, B.;Nikundiwe, A. M.;Will., U. 1984 Projection patterns of lateral-line afferents in anurans: a comparative HRP study Journal of Comparative Neurology 229 451-469 Book Fritzsche, Jürgen 1981 Das praktische Terrarienbuch Melsungen, Germany Neumann-Neudamm 213 Journal Article FROESCH-FRANZON, P. 1982 The tick (Ixodus ricinus) on free-living Podarcis muralis and Lacerta viridis Holzbock (Ixodus ricinus) an freilebendenPodarcis muralis und Lacerta viridis Herpetofauna 4 13-15 Reptilia, sauria, Podarcis muralis, Lacerta viridis, infection, ixodidae, tick,Ixodus ricinus The author lists the number of ticks found on free-living specimen os both species. Vet.Path. special anim 83/34 Book Froom, Barbara 1982 Amphibians of Canada Toronto McClelland and Stewart 120 Journal Article Frost, J. S. 1982 A time efficient, low cost method for the laboratory rearing of frogs Herp Review 13 3 73-77 Amphibians, growth, frogs, technique, captive raising Journal Article Frost, J. S. 1982 Functional genetic similarity between geographically separated populations of Mexican leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex) Systematic Zoology 31 1 57-67 Amphibians, frogs, genetics, relationships, genetic similarity, genetic compatibility, chromosome pairing, call analysis, forreri, pipiens, berlanderi Journal Article Frost, J. S.;Platz, J. E. 1983 Comparative assessment of modes of reproductive isolation among four species of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex) Evolution 37 1 66-78 Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, calling, mating, vocalization, temperature, chromosomes, isolating mechanisms, hybridization Journal Article Frost, D. R. 1983 Past occurrence of Acris crepitans (Hylidae) in Arizona Southwestern Naturalist 28 1 105 amphibians, distribution Journal Article Frost, J. S. 1983 Comparative feeding and breeding strategies of a sympatric pair of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex) Journal of Experimental Zoology 225 135-140 Amphibians, frogs, fat, lipids, reproduction, diet, forreri, magnacularis, body mass, maturation, Journal Article Frost, J. S.;Platz, J. E. 1983 Comparative assessment of modes of reproductive isolation among fours species of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex) Evolution 37 1 66-78 Amphibians, frogs, relationships, reproduction, isolating mechanisms, Arizon, New Mexico, breeding, calls, egg survivorship Journal Article Frost, D. R. 1983 Relationships of the Baja California ground snakes, genus Sonora Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 86 1 31-37 reptiles, snakes, taxonomy, morphology Journal Article Frost, D. R. 1983 Sonora semiannulata Baird and Girard Ground Snake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 333 1-4 reptiles, account, distribution, Journal Article Frost, Darrel R. 1983 Sonora semiannulata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 333 1-4 Journal Article Frost, J. S.;Platz., J. E. 1983 Comparative assessment of modes of reproductive isolation among four species of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex Evolution 37 66-78 Journal Article Frost, S. K.;Robinson., S. J. 1984 Pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. I. Structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern. Journal of Morphology 179 229-242 Book Frye, Fredric L. 1981 Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile Husbandry Edwardsville, KS Veterinary Medicine Publ. xiv, 456 Journal Article Frye, F. L.;Hoff, G.L.;Jacobson, E. J. 1983 Diseases of amphibians and reptiles New York (Plenum Publishing Cooperation) vet Fernl a Journal Article Frye, F.L. e.a. 1984 Hemangioendothelioma in a Boa constrictor Zoo An. Med. 15 78-83 Reptilia, serpentes, Boa constrictor, pathology, tumor, Hemangioendothelioma 210390 MDL DGB Rept 53 Journal Article Frye, F. L. 1984 Psex and the psingle Pseudemys Nchs Spec. Publ. 1984 7-19 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, pathology, survey zucht,develop,testu,serp,echsen,kroko,vet,meth PF x Journal Article Frye, F. L. 1984 Nutritional Disorders in Reptiles In: Hoff vet,vit,testu,serp,kroko,echsen PF x Journal Article Frye, F.L. e.a. 1984 Peracute necrotizing dermatitis in a softshell turtle Zoo An. Med. 15 73-77 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, skin, dermatitis, acute 270390 MDL DGB Rept 91 Journal Article Fuentes, Eduardo R.;Jaksic, Fabian M. 1980 Ecological species replacement of Liolaemus lizards along a habitat gradient Oecologia 46 45-48 Edited Book Fuertes, Juan Velarde 1980 I Reunión Iberoamericana de Zoólogos de Vertebrados: La Rábida (Huelva), 10-15 de Diciembre de 1977 Dos Hermanas, Sevilla Ministerio de Universidades e Investigación xxii, 877 Bufo calamita; Tropidurus; Chalcides bedriagai; Caiman latirostris; Atelopus; Lacerta lilfordi; Leptodactylus ocellatus; Hyla pulchella andina Journal Article Fugler, Charles M. 1984 Biological notes on Rana tigrina in Bangladesh and preliminary bibliography Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1984 60 1-17 size distribution food diet Journal Article Fukada, Hajime 1983 Heart rate-temperature relationship in a Japanese rat snake Japanese Journal of Herpetology 10 1 1-6 Thesis Fuller, M.K. 1981 Characteristics of an American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) population in the vicinity of Lake Ellis Simon, North Carolina Book Section Fuller, D.A. 1981 The habits, distribution and incidental capture of sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico Final environmental impact plan for the shrimp fishery of the Gulf of Mexico, United States waters Tampa, FL Gulf of Mex. Fish. Manage. Counc. A1-A36 Journal Article Funk, Richard S. 1981 Phrynosoma mcallii Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 281 1-2 Journal Article Furlong, J. C.;Maden, B. E. H. 1983 Patterns of major divergence between the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA in Xenopus borealis and Xenopus laevis and of minimal divergence within ribosomal coding regions EMBO Journal 2 3 443-449 Journal Article Fusari, Margaret;Juarez, Stephen M.;Stewart, Glenn;Edell, John A. 1980 A brief update on the Caltrans fence-culvert feasibility study Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 163-164 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Fusari, Margaret;Juarez, Stephen M.;Stewart, Glenn R.;Edell, Jack 1981 Summary of a report for the California Department of Transportation and results of a brief survey of desert tortoises occurring along I-15 south of Barstow, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 54-58 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Fusari, Margaret 1982 A study of the reactions of desert tortoises to different types of fencing Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 125-132 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Fusari, Margaret H. 1984 Ninth annual meeting dedicated to the memory of Paul B. Schneider (1955-1983) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 2-3 Journal Article Fusari, Margaret;Beck, Daniel;Berry, Kristin H.;Coffeen, Michael P.;Diemer, Joan;St. Amant, James A. 1984 A panel discussion on relocation and related issues and implications for management of the desert tortoise Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 136-148 gopherus agassizii conservation Journal Article Fusari, Margaret H. 1984 1984 field trip to sites near Goffs and near Essex, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 7 Journal Article Futuyama, D. J.;Wasserman, S. S. 1980 Resource concentration and berbivory in oak forests Science 210 920-922 cankerworm, food, quercus, feeding Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1983/1984 Some notes on sympatry between Tilqua occipitalis and Tiliqua multifasciata in the Ayers Rock region and their associations with aboriginal people of the area Herpetofauna 15 1-2 18-19 Tiliqua occipitalis; Tiliqua multifasciata Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1984/1985 Some notes on the habits of the little whip snake, Unechis flagellum Herpetofauna 16 1-2 16-20 Unechis flagellum Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1984/1985 A comparison of the ground-dwelling vertebrate faunas found in hummock grassland and mulga shrubland in Central Australia Herpetofauna 16 1-2 49-52 Journal Article Gabrisch, K. 1981 The tortoise in veterinary practice Die Schildkröte in der tierärztlichen Sprechstunde 1 Arbeitstag der Zootierärzte im Deutschsprachigen Raum, Berlin 1 6-19 Reptilia, testudines, diseases, survey 280390 MDL DGB Vis 49 Journal Article Gabrisch, K. 1984 The most frequent diseases of tortoises encountered in veterinary praxis Die häfigsten Schildkrötenkrankheiten in er teriärztlichen Praxis. Praktische Tierarzt 483-489 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, survey Book Gadd, Laurence 1980 Deadly Beautiful: The World's Most Poisonous Animals and Plants New York Macmillian 208 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S. 1981 A review of the fossil turtles of Australia American Museum Novitates 2720 1-38 Journal Article Gaffney, E. S. 1982 Mammal-like reptiles and the origin of mammals Systematic Zoology 31 4 526-527 reptiles, mammals, fossils, evolution Journal Article Gaffney, E. S. 1982 The lower jaws of Baenid turtles American Museum Novitates 2479 1-10 reptiles, turtles, morphology, jaw, Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S. 1982 Cranial morphology of the baenid turtles American Museum Novitates 2737 1-22 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S. 1982 The lower jaws of baenid turtles American Museum Novitates 2749 1-10 Journal Article Gaffney, E. S.;Balouet, J. C.;Broin, F. de 1984 New occurrences of extinct Meiolaniid turtles in New Caledonia American Museum Novitates 2800 1-6 reptiles, turtles, fossils, vertebrae, morphology Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S.;Balouet, Jean Christophe;Broin, France De 1984 New occurrences of extinct meiolaniid turtles in New Caledonia American Museum Novitates 2800 1-6 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S. 1984 Progress towards a natural hierarchy of turtles Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia 1 125-131 Journal Article Gaffney, E.S. 1984 Historical analysis of theories of chelonian relationship Syst. Zool. 33 283-301 Journal Article Gaitonde, Shrimati G.;Gouder, B. Y. M. 1981 Effect of hypophysectomy on spermatogenesis, interstitial Leydig cells & male accessory organs in the garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daud.) Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 19 314-318 Journal Article Galbraith, D. A.;Brooks, R. J. 1983 A simple restraining device for large turtles Herp Review 14 4 115-116 reptiles, Chelonia, Chelydra serpentina, methods, restraint Journal Article Galdikas, B.M.;Yaeger, C.P. 1984 Crocodile predation on a crab-eating macaque in Borneo Amer. J. Primatol. 6 49-51 TS, food, Journal Article Gall, J. G.;Stephenson, E. C.;Erba, H. P.;Diaz, M. O.;Barsacchi-Pilone, G. 1981 Histone genes are located at the sphere loci of newt lampbrush chromosomes Chromosoma 84 2 159-71 Animal; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure; Comparative Study; *Genes, Structural; Histones/*genetics; Salamandridae/*genetics; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. In situ hybridization experiments on mitotic and lampbrush chromosomes show that histone genes and an associated 222 bp repeated sequence, satellite 1, are located at or near the sphere loci of chromosomes 2 and 6 of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens. During the lampbrush chromosome stage, transcripts of the histone genes and of satellite 1 occur on loops associated with the spheres. Histones genes are located at sites on the mitotic chromosomes of Triturus cristatus and T. alpestris which are consistent with the known positions of spheres on their lampbrush chromosomes. Journal Article Gallagher, D. S.;Dixon, J. R. 1980 A new lizard (Sauria: Teiidae: Kentropyx) from Brasil Copeia 1980 4 616-620 reptiles, species description, morphology, vanzoi, key Newspaper Article Gallagher, P.B. 1983 Alligator: A special report on a new industry 16 pp. Journal Article Gallardo, Jose M. 1983 La boa de las Vizcacheras Fauna Argentina 35 1-32 Journal Article Gans, C. 1980 Allometric changes in the skull and brain of Caiman crocodilus J. Herpetol. 14 3 297-301 CCR, anatomy, growth, morphology, Journal Article Gans, Carl 1980 Allometric Changes in the Skull and Brain of Caiman crocodilus Journal of Herpetology 14 3 297-300 development Journal Article Gans, Carl 1980 On seals, snail-darters & Great Lakes whitefish: some thoughts on endangered species LSA 4 1 15-17 Journal Article Gans, Carl;Gorniak, Gerard C. 1980 Electromyograms are repeatable: precautions and limitations Science 210 795-797 Edited Book Gans, Carl;Parson, Thomas S. 1981 Biology of the Reptilia Volume 11. Morphology F New York Academic Press xii, 475 Journal Article Gans, C.;Gorniak, G. C. 1982 How does the toad flip its tongue? test of two hypotheses Science 216 1335-1337 amphibians, feeding, morphology, Journal Article Gans, C.;Gorniak, G. C. 1982 A simple, transportable, instructional module for initial experiments in functional morphology The Morphology Teacher 20 1-8 method, apparatus Journal Article Gans, C. 1982 The Sri Lankan genus Aspidura (Serpentes, Reptilia, Colubridae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 51 14 271-316 reptiles, snakes, morphology, distribution, range, dimorphism Journal Article Gans, Carl;Fetcho, Joseph R. 1982 The Sri Lankan genus Aspidura (Serpentes, Reptilia, Colubridae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 51 14 271-316 Sri Lanka; Taxonomy; New species; Morphology; Key; Aspidura brachyorrhos; Aspidura copei; Aspidura deraniyagalae n. sp.;Aspidura drummondhayi; Aspidura guentheri; Aspidura trachyprocta Book Section Gans, Carl;Pough, F. Harvey 1982 Physiological ecology: Its debt to reptilian studies, its value to students of reptiles Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 1-13 Edited Book Gans, Carl;Pough, F. Harvey 1982 Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 536 Edited Book Gans, Carl;Pough, F. Harvey 1982 Biology of the Reptilia Volume 13. Physiology D. Physiological Ecology New York Academic Press xiv, 345 Edited Book Gans, Carl;Pough, F. Harvey 1982 Biology of the Reptilia Volume 12. Physiology C New York Academic Press xvi + 536 Journal Article Gans, Carl;Merlin, R.;Blumer, W.F.C. 1982 The water-collecting mechanism of Moloch horridus re-examined Amphibia-Reptilia 3 57-64 Journal Article Gans, Carl;Gorniak, Gerard C. 1982 Functional morphology of lingual protrusion in marin toads (Bufo marinus) American Journal of Anatomy 163 195-222 Book Section Gans, Carl 1982 Arthropod locomotion as seen through a "vertebrate" eye Herreid, C. F. and Fourtner, C. R. Locomotion and Energetics in Arthropods Plenum 527-539 Journal Article Gans, C.;Pyles, R. 1983 Narial closure in toads: Which muscles? Respiration Physiology 53 215-223 amphibians, breathing, nostril Journal Article Gans, Carl 1983 Snake feeding strategies and adaptations - conclusions and prognosis American Zoologist 23 455-460 Journal Article Gans, Carl 1983 Georg Haas 1905-1981 American Zoologist 23 343-346 Journal Article Gans, Carl 1983 Snake feeding strategies and adaptations-Conclusion and prognosis American Zoologist 23 455-460 Journal Article Gans, Carl;Northcutt, R. Glenn 1983 Neural crest and the origin of vertebrates: a new head Science 220 268-274 Book Section Gans, Carl 1983 On the fallacy of perfection Fay, R. R. and Gourevitch, G. Perspectives on Modern Auditory Research: Papers in Honor of E. G. Wever Groton, CT Amphora Press 101-112 Journal Article Gans, Carl 1984 Introduction Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 11-14 Book Section Gans, Carl 1984 Slide-pushing - A trasitional locomotor method of elongate squamates Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 13-26 Book Garanin, Valerian I. 1983 [Amphibians and Reptiles of the Volga-Kama Region] Moscow Nauka 176 Journal Article Garcia, John;Berry, Kristin H.;Schneider, Paul B. 1982 The distribution and relative abundance of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in Coyote Spring Valley, Nevada, with a discussion of possible impacts of the MX project development Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 12-35 gopherus agassizii density mitigation Journal Article Garcia-Diaz, J. F.;Armstrong, W. M. 1980 The steady-state relationship between sodium and chloride transmembrane electrochemical potential differences in Necturus gallbladder J Membr Biol 55 3 213-22 Animal; Biological Transport, Active; Chlorides/*metabolism; Gallbladder/*metabolism/physiology; In Vitro; *Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus; Sodium/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Journal Article Garland, T. 1983 Effects of a full stomach on locomotory performance of juvenile garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans) Copeia 4 1092-1096 Reptilia, serpentes, physiology, feeding, stomach, locomotion Journal Article Garland, Theodore, Jr. 1984 Physiological correlates of locomotory performance in a lizard: an allometric approach American Journal of Physiology 247 R806-R815 Journal Article Garmon, L. 1981 Tortoise marsh wallow? Science News 119 14 217 Book Section Garner, J.A.;Landers, J.L. 1981 Foods and habitat of the gopher tortoise in southwestern Georgia Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Journal Article Garnett, S.T.;Murray, R.M. 1981 Farm management and nutrition of the green turtle (Celonia mydas) Proc. Melbourne Herpetol. Symp. Ed. Banks, C.B., Martin, A.A. Reptilia, chelonia, Celonia mydas, food, feeding PREX Journal Article Garrick, L.D. 1980 Ecology and behavior of the American crocodile in Jamaica ARC, NYZS, Ann. Rep 1980 CA, ecology, behavior, Caribbean Report Garrick, L.D. 1982 Ecology of the American crocodiles in Jamaica Journal Article Garrido, Orlando H. 1980 Revisión del complejo Anolis alutaceus (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) y descripción de una nueva especie de Cuba Poeyana 201 1-41 Journal Article Garrido, Orlando H. 1980 Los vertebrados terrestres de la Península de Zapata Poeyana 203 1-49 Journal Article Garrido, Orlando H. 1981 Nueva subespecie de Anolis equestris (Sauria: Iguanidae) para Cuba, con comentarios sobre la distribución y afinidades de otras poblaciones del complejo Poeyana 232 1-15 Journal Article Garrido, Orlando H. 1982 Descripción de una nueva especie cubana de Chamaeleolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae), con notas sobre su comportamiento Poeyana 236 1-25 Journal Article Garstka, W. R.;Crews, D. 1981 Female sex pheromone in the skin and circulation of a garter snake Science 214 4521 681-3 Animal; Female; Lipids/physiology; Liver/physiology; Male; Pheromones/*metabolism; Sex Attractants/blood/*metabolism; Sex Behavior, Animal/physiology; Skin/metabolism; Snakes/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Vitellogenin/physiology Serums and extracts of tissues from the female garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) each act as a pheromone and elicit male courtship behavior when applied to the back of another male. Since pheromonal activity is present in yolk and liver tissue of untreated females and can be induced with estrogen treatment in the serums and livers of males, the pheromone may be associated with the circulating yolk lipoprotein, vitellogenin. Journal Article Garstka, W. R.;Crews, D. 1982 Female control of male reproductive function in a Mexican snake Science 217 1159-1160 reptiles, Thamnophis melanogaster, reproduction, behavior, chemical Journal Article Garstka, William R. 1982 Systematics of the Mexicana species group of the colubrid genus Lampropeltis, with an hypothesis mimicry Breviora 466 1-35 Journal Article Garstka, William R. 1982 Systematics of the mexicana species group of the colubrid genus Lampropeltis, with an hypothesis mimicry Breviora 466 1-35 Journal Article Garstka, W. R.;Camazine, B.;Crews, D. 1982 Interactions of behavior and physiology during the annual reproductive cycle of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) Herpetologica 38 1 104-123 Journal Article Gasc, J.-P.;Rodrigues, M. T. 1980 Liste preliminaire des Serpents de la Guyane francaise Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 2 2 559-598 reptiles, snakes, list, French Guyana, zoogeography, Journal Article Gasc, J. P.;Renous, S. 1980 Zoologie des Vertebres C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris 290 675-678 lizards, vertebrates, zoology Journal Article Gasc, J. P.;Lescure, J. 1980 Effets de L'homme sur la repartition geographique des amphibiens et des lezards dans l'ensemble guyano-amazonien Comple Rendue de la Sociele Biogeographique de France 57 33-49 amphibians, lizards, Amazon Journal Article Gasc, J. P. 1981 Quelques nouvelles donnees sur la repartition et l'ecologie des sauriens en guyane francaise Revue de Ecologie (Terre el Vie) 35 273-325 sauriens, guyane francaise Journal Article Gasc, Jean-Pierre;Lescure, Jean 1981 Effets de l'homme sur la repartition geographique des amphibiens et des lezards dans l'ensemble Guyano-Amazonien C. R. Soc. Biogéogr. 57 2 33-49 Journal Article Gasc, J. P. 1982 Le mecanisme du fouissage chez Amphisbaena alba (Amphisbaenidae, Squamata) Vertebrata Hungarica XXL 147-155 Amphibians, Amphisbaenidae, Squamata Journal Article Gasc, J. P.;Betsch, J. M.;Massoud, Z. 1983 Predation selctive des collemboles par les sauriens dans la litiere de la foret dense humide guyanaise Societe Zoologique de France 108 467=476 predation, sauriens, humid forest Journal Article Gasith, A.;Sidis, I. 1982 Lung disorders as a possible explanation for the non-swimming behavior observed in aquatic turtles Copeia 200-201 Reptilia, testudines, aquatic turtle, pathology, pneumonia, swimming, problems testu,vet,oeko PF x Journal Article Gasparini, Z.B.de 1980 South American mesozoic crocodiles Mesozoic Vertebrate Life 1 66-72 fossil, South America Journal Article Gasparini, Z.B.de 1981 Los crocodylia fosiles de la Argentina Ameghiniana 17 3-4 177-205 fossil, South America Journal Article Gates, J. E.;Thompson., E. L. 1982 Small pool habitat selection by red-spotted newts in western Maryland Journal of Herpetology 16 7-15 Journal Article Gatten, R.E. 1980 Metabolic rates of fasting and recently fed Spectacled caimans (Caiman crocodilus) Herpetologica 36 4 361-364 CCR, physiology, food, Journal Article Gatten, R. E. Jr. 1984 Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of freely-diving loggerhead musk turtles (Sternotherus minor) Herpetologica 40 1 1-7 diving, reptiles, oxygen consumption, lactate Journal Article Gatten, R. E. Jr.;Hill, C. J. 1984 Social influence on thermal selection by Hyla crucifer Journal of Herpetology 18 1 87-88 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae Journal Article Gatten, Robert E., Jr. 1984 Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of freely-diving loggerhead musk turtles (Sternotherus minor) Herpetologica 40 1 1-7 Journal Article Gatten, Robert E., Jr.;Hill, Cheryl J. 1984 Social influence on thermal selection by Hyla crucifer Journal of Herpetology 18 1 87-88 Journal Article Gatten, Robert E.;Caldwell, Jonalee P.;Stockard, Matthew E. 1984 Anaerobic metabolism during intense swimming by anuran larvae Herpetologica 40 164-169 amphibia, anura, frogs, tadpoles, larvae, anaerobiosis, glycolysis, lactate, anaerobic scope, phosphocreatine, activity, swimming, hyla gratiosa, rana catesbeiana, rana ultricularia Journal Article Gatten, R. E., Jr.;Caldwell, J. P.;Stockard., M. E. 1984 Anaerobic metabolism during intense swimming by anuran larvae Herpetologica 40 164-169 Journal Article Gatz, A. John 1981 Non-random mating by size in american toads, Bufo americanus Animal Behavior 29 1004-1012 mating, toads Journal Article Gatz, A. John Jr. 1981 Size selective mating in Hyla versicolor and Hyla crucifer Journal of Herpetology 15 1 114-116 size, sexual selection, anuran communication Report Gavy, R.;Carney, S.;Bohnsack, B.;Gleman, J.;Gillies, N.;McMahan, M. 1980 Ecology, distribution, reproduction, and growth of Crocodylus acutus at a nuclear power plant site, Dade County, Florida Journal Article Gebo, D. L.;Simons, E. L. 1984 Puncture marks on early African anthropoids Am J Phys Anthropol 65 1 31-5 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Appetitive Behavior; Bites and Stings/*pathology; Bone and Bones/*pathology; *Carnivora; Egypt; *Haplorhini; Human; Paleontology; *Predatory Behavior; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Wounds, Penetrating/*pathology Field studies of living primates have shown that primate predation is a rare event. This must also have been true for past primate communities. In the Fayum Oligocene of Egypt, specimens of all four species of Upper Fossil Wood Zone primates show evidence of tooth puncture marks. Of the four potential groups of primate predators--the snakes, the raptors, the crocodiles, and the primitive carnivores or creodonts--only the crocodiles and the creodonts could have made these puncture marks. When one compares the feeding habits of living crocodiles and mammalian carnivores with the evidence from the Fayum, it appears that the Fayum primates were preyed upon and/or scavenged by mammalian carnivore-like animals. The dismemberment of the Fayum primates by Oligocene predators indicates, in part, why the Fayum fossil material is rarely articulated. Bone damage by predators may well set limits on what bone associations can be discovered in the Fayum even before the bones are scattered and buried by depositional processes. Journal Article Gehrau, A.;Sá., R. De 1980 Comunicacion preliminar sobre larvas de Limnomedusa macroglossa (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Res. J. Cienc. Nat. Montevideo 1 85-86 Journal Article Geldiay, R. 1981 On the status of sea turtle populations (Caretta caretta L., and Chelonia mydas L.) in the northern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer M\'edit. 27 5 233-234 Book Section Geldiay, R.;T. Koray, S. Balik 1982 Status of sea turtle populations (Caretta c. caretta and Chelonia m. mydas) in the northern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 425-434 Journal Article Genevois, JP;A, Autefage;P, Fayolle;A, Cazieux;P, Bonnemaison 1983 Anaesthesia of unusual species of common veterinary practice. note 1. fishes and reptiles anesthesia.(French) L'anesthesie des espèces insolites en pratique vétérinaire courante Rev.Med.Vet 134 8-9 471-479 Pisces, reptilia, anesthesia Reprint Endnote 93/717 PREX International Database System on Laboratory Animal Science Journal Article Genevois, JP;A, Autefage;P, Fayolle;A, Cazieux;P, Bonnemaison 1983 Anaesthesia of unusual species of common veterinary practice. note 1. fishes and reptiles anesthesia.L'anesthesie des espèces insolites en pratique vétérinaire courante Rev.Med.Vet 134 8-9 471-479 Pisces, reptilia, anesthesia Journal Article Genise, J. F. 1983 La presencia de Ophiodes yacupoi (Sauria, Anguidae) en la provincia de Entre Ríos Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 1 3 18 Ophiodes yacupoi; distribution Journal Article Georges, A. 1982 Diet of the Australian freshwater turtle Emydura krefftii (Chelonia: Chelidae), in an unproductive lentic environment Copeia 1982 331 331-336 testu,vit,oeko, australien PF x Journal Article Georges, A. 1982 Diet of the Australian freshwater turtle Emydura krefftii (Chelonia: Chelidae) in an unproductive lentic environment Copeia 1982 2 331-336 diet Journal Article Georges, A. 1983 Reproduction of the Australian freshwater turtle Emydura krefftii (Chelonia: Chelidae) Journal of Zoology 201 331-350 Journal Article Georges, Arthur 1983-4 Observations on the nesting and natural incubation of the long-necked tortoise Chelodina expansa in south-east Queensland Herpetofauna 15 1-2 27-31 Chelodina expansa Journal Article Georges, Arthur 1983/1984 Observations on the nesting and natural incubation of the long-necked tortoise Chelodina expansa in south-east Queensland Herpetofauna 15 1-2 27-31 Chelodina expansa Journal Article Georges, A. 1984 Observations on the nesting and natural incubation of Chelodina expansa in south-east QLD Herpetofauna 15 2 27-31 nesting Journal Article Gerhardt, H. C.;Guttman, S. I.;Karlin, A. A. 1980 Natural hybrids between Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa: Morphology, vocalization and electrophoretic analysis Copeia 577-584 Amphibia, Anura, frogs, calling, electrophoresis Journal Article Gerhardt, H. C. 1980 Accuray of sound localization in a miniature dendrobatid frog Naturwissenschften 67 362-363 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, phonotaxis, sexual selection, dendrobatidae, Colostethus rubicola Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl;Guttman, Sheldon D.;Karlin, Alvan A. 1980 Natural hybrids between Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa: Morphology, vocalization and electrophoretic analysis Copeia 1980 4 577-584 anuran communication, amphibia, speciation Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl;Mudry, Karen M. 1980 Temperature effects on frequency preferences and mating call frequencies in the green treefrog Hyla cinerea (Anura, Hylidae) Journal of Comparative Physiology 137 1-6 Anuran communication, Amphibia, sexual selection Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl 1981 Mating call recognition in the barking treefrog (Hyla gratiosa): Importance of two frequency bands as a function of sound pressure level Journal of Comparative Physiology 144A 9-16 Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl 1981 Mating call recognition in the barking treefrog (Hyla gratiosa): Responses to synthetic calls and comparisons with the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) Journal of Comparative Physiology 144A 17-25 Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl 1981 Mating call recognition in the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea). Importance of two frequency bands as function of sound pressure level Journal of Comparative Physiology 144 9-16 Anuran Communication, Hyla cinerea, amphibia Journal Article Gerhardt, H. C. 1982 Sound pattern recognition in some North American treefrogs (Anura: Hylidae): Implications for mate choice American Zoologist 22 581-595 synthetic, calls, mating, vocalizations, size, Amphibia, Anura, Hyla versicolor, chrysoscelis, cinerea Journal Article Gerhardt, H. C.;Rheinlaender, J. 1982 Localization of an elevated sound source by the green tree frog Science 217 August 13 663-664 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Hyla cinerea Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl;Rheinlander, Jürgen 1982 Localization of an elevated sound source by the green treefrog Science 217 663-664 Anuran communication, amphibia, Hyla cinerea Journal Article Gerhardt, H. C. 1983 Acoustic communication in treefrogs Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 25-35 recognition, calls, phonotaxis, temperature, vocalization, calling, Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Hyla cinerea, chrysoscelis, versicolor Journal Article Gerholdt, Pam 1983 Day of the zonata: Adventures in herping Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 9 5-6 Journal Article Gibbins, I. L.;Tyler, M. J. 1983 Changes in the organization and ultrastructure of smooth muscle cells in the stomach of the gastric brooding frog, Rheobatrachus silus, during brooding Cell and Tissue Research 231 451-456 Amphibia, Anura, smooth muscle Journal Article Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Caldwell, Jan 1980 Herpetology at the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Herpetological Review 11 72-74 General Journal Article Gibbons, J. W. 1980 Observations on the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus, in a Michigan lake American Midland Naturalist 80 562-564 Journal Article Gibbons, J. W.;Semlitsch, R. D. 1981 Terrestrial drift fences with pitfall traps: an effective technique for quantitative sampling of animal populations Brimleyana 7 1-16 method, collecting Journal Article Gibbons, J. W. 1981 Of turtles, tortoises and terrapins SKY 53-60 reptiles, Journal Article Gibbons, J. R. H.;Lillywhite, H. B. 1981 Ecological segregation, color matching, and speciation in lizards of the Amphibolurus decresii species complex (Lacertilia: Agamidae) Ecology 62 6 1573-1584 Australia, reptiles, lizards, evolutionary mechanisms, habitat selection, rock color, speciation Journal Article Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Semlitsch, Raymond D. 1981 Terrestrial drift fences with pitfall traps: An effective technique for quantitative sampling of animal populations Brimleyana 7 1-16 Journal Article Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Semlitsch, Raymond D.;Greene, Judith L.;Schubauer, Joseph P. 1981 Variation in age and size at maturity of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) American Naturalist 117 841-845 Journal Article Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Harrison, Julian R.;III 1981 Reptiles and amphibians of Kiawah and Capers Islands, South Carolina Brimleyana 5 145-162 Journal Article Gibbons, J. W.;Harrison, J. R. III 1981 Reptiles and amphibians of Kiawah and Capers islands, South Carolina Brimleyana 5 145-162 reptiles, amphibians, Kiawah, Capers islands, South Carolina Journal Article Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Harrison, Julian R., III 1981 Reptiles and amphibians of Kiawah and Capers Islands, South Carolina Brimleyana 5 145-162 Journal Article Gibbons, J. W. 1982 Dedication to Donald W. Tinkle Herpetologica 38 1 3-4 Journal Article Gibbons, J. W.;Greene, J. L.;Patterson, K. K. 1982 Variation in reproductive characteristics of aquatic turtles Copeia 1982 4 776-784 reptiles, reproduction, clutch size, frequency, south carolina, body size, growth Journal Article Gibbons, J. W. 1982 Reproductive patterns in freshwater turtles Herpetologica 38 1 222-227 reptiles, reproduction, clutch, life history, population, south carolina Journal Article Gibbons, J. W.;Semlitsch, R. D. 1982 Survivorship and longevity of a long-lived vertebrate species: how long do turtles live? Journal of Animal Ecology 51 523-527 reptiles, turtles, age, mark-recapture, Book Section Gibbons, John R. H.;Watkins, Ivy F. 1982 Behavior, ecology, and conservation of South Pacific banded iguanas, Brachylophus, including a newly discovered species Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 418-441 Journal Article Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Semlitsch, Raymond D. 1982 Survivorship and longevity of a long-lived vertebrate species: How long do turtles live? Journal of Animal Ecology 51 523-527 Field 3-412, Pseudemys scripta, Ellenton Bay, Carolina bay Journal Article Gibbons, J. W. 1983 Reproductive characteristics and ecology of the mud turtle, Kinosternon subrubrum (Lacepede) Herpetologica 39 3 254-271 reptiles, life history, reproduction, south carolina, geographic variation, population size, demography Journal Article Gibbons, J. W.;Greene, J. L.;Congdon, J. D. 1983 Drought-related responses of aquatic turtle populations Journal of Herpetology 17 3 242-246 reptiles, reproduction, emogration, movement Book Gibbons, Whit 1983 Their Blood Runs Cold: Adventures with Reptiles and Amphibians University of Alabama Press xiii +164 Journal Article Gibbons, J.W. 1983 Reproductive characteristics and ecology of the mud turtle, Kinosternon suburbrum (Lacepede) Herpetologica 39 3 254-271 reproduction Journal Article Gibbons, W.;Morreale, S. 1983 A leviathan's persistence Sky Mag. 12 8 76-78,80-82, 84, 86 Journal Article Gibbons, J.W.;Greene, J.L.;Congdon, J.D. 1983 Drought related responses of aquatic turtle populations Journal of Herpetology 17 3 242-246 reproduction Journal Article Gicca, Diderot F. 1982 Enyaliosaurus clarki Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 301 1-2 Journal Article Gicca, Diderot F. 1983 Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 329 1-2 Journal Article Gicea, Diderot F. 1982 Enyaliosaurus clarki Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 301 1-2 Journal Article Giddings, Stephen 1983/1984 An observation of display of agressive behaviour between two male tusked frogs (Adelotus brevis) Herpetofauna 15 1-2 50 Adelotus brevis; Agressive behavior Journal Article Gillingham, James C. 1980 Communication and combat behavior of the black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta) Herpetologica 36 2 120-127 Lampropeltis getulus getula mexicana behavior combat Journal Article Gillingham, James C.;Clark, David L. 1981 An analysis of prey-searching behavior in the western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox Behavioral and Neural Biology 32 235-240 chemoreception Journal Article Gillingham, J. C.;Carpenter, C. C.;Murphy, J. B. 1983 Courtship, male combat, and dominance in the western diamondback rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox Journal of Herpetology 17 3 265-270 reptiles, snake, behavior Journal Article Gillingham, James C.;Carpenter, Charles C.;Murphy, James B. 1983 Courtship, male combat and dominance in the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox Journal of Herpetology 17 3 265-270 Journal Article Gittins, S. P.;Parker, A. G.;Slater, F. M. 1980 Population characteristics of the common toad (Bufo bufo) visiting a breeding site in mid-Wales. Journal of Animal Ecology 49 161-173 Amphibians, toads, Bufo bufo, population, breeding, reproduction, Wales, movement, soil temperature, size, mass Journal Article Gittins, S. P. Parker A. G.;Slater, F. M. 1980 Population characteristics of the common toad (Bufo bufo) visiting a breeding site in mid-Wales Journal of Animal Ecology 49 161-173 mating, toads Journal Article Gittleman, John L.;Harvey, Paul H.;Greenwood, Paul J. 1980 The evolution of conspicuous coloration: some experiments in bad taste Animal Behaviour 28 897-899 Aposmatic coloration Journal Article Glandt, Dieter 1982 Abundanzmessungen an mitteleuropäischen Triturus-populationen (Amphibia, Salamandridae) Amphibia-Reptilia 3 317-326 Journal Article Glastra, R. 1983 Notes on a population of Caiman crocodilus crocodilus depleted by hide hunting in Surinam Biol. Cons. 26 2 149-162 CCR, utilization, reproduction, distribution, conservation, South America Thesis Glazebrook, J.S. 1983 Diseases of captive and wild sea turtles in northern Australia Journal Article Gleeson, T.;T;et, a. l. 1980 Cardiovascular responses to graded activity in the lizards Varanus and Iguana Amer. J. Physiol. 239 1 R174-R179 echsen,vet,physiol Fernl x Book Section Glenn, James L.;Straight, Richard C. 1982 The rattlesnakes and their venom yield and lethal toxicity Tu, A. T. Rattlesnake Venoms New York Marcel Dekker 3-119 Journal Article Glenn, James L.;Straight, Richard C.;Wolfe, Martha C.;Hardy, David L. 1983 Geographical variation in Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus (Mojave rattlesnake) venom properties Toxicon 21 1 119-130 Crotalus scutulatus; venom Journal Article Glenn, J. L.;Straight, R. C. 1983 Evaluating the efficacy of homeopathic snakebite remedy from India Hamadryad 8 2 2-3 Snakebite Journal Article Glenn, James L. 1983 A note on the longivity of a captive desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 131-132 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Globus, M.;Vethamany-Globus, S.;Lee, Y. C. 1980 Effect of apical epidermal cap on mitotic cycle and cartilage differentiation in regeneration blastemata in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Dev Biol 75 2 358-72 Animal; Cartilage/*cytology; Cell Differentiation; DNA/biosynthesis; Epidermis/*physiology; Forelimb/physiology; In Vitro; Mitotic Index; Organ Culture; *Regeneration; Salamandridae/*physiology; Urodela/*physiology Journal Article Globus, M.;Vethamany-Globus, S.;Kesik, A.;Milton, G. 1983 Roles of neural peptide substance P and calcium in blastema cell proliferation in the newt Notophthalmus viridescens Prog Clin Biol Res 110 Pt A 513-24 Animal; Calcium/metabolism/*physiology; Calmodulin/analysis; Cell Division/*drug effects; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology; Extremities/*physiology; In Vitro; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration/drug effects; Substance P/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Godley, J. Steve 1980 Foraging ecology of the striped swamp snake, Regina alleni, in southern Florida Ecological Monographs 50 4 411-436 Journal Article Godley, J. S. 1982 Predation and defensive behavior of the striped swamp snake (Regina alleni) Fla. Field Nat. 10 2 31-36 Reptiles, snakes, predation, behavior, defense, Florida, tail loss, autotomy, Journal Article Godley, J. Steve 1983 Observations on the courtship, nests and young of Siren intermedia in southern Florida The American Midland Naturalist 1983 215-219 reproduction, Siren Journal Article Godley, J. S. 1983 Observations on the courtship, nests and young of Siren intermedia in southern Florida. American Midland Naturalist 110 215-219 Journal Article Godley, J. Steve 1983 Observation on the courtship, nests and young of Siren intermedia in Southern Florida American Midland Naturalist 110 1 215-219 Book Section Godshalk, R.E. 1982 Status and conservation of Crocodylus intermedius in Venezuela Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 39-53 Book Section Godshalk, R.E. 1982 The habitat and distribution of Paleosuchus in Venezuela Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 31-38 Conference Proceedings Godwin, F.;Cardeilhac, P. 1981 Problems of low productive effeciency in captive alligators 65-72 Conference Proceedings Godwin, F. 1982 Incubation techniques used by Florida Farmers Association members in 1981 34-37 Journal Article Godwin, G. J.;Roble, S. M. 1983 Mating success in male treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis (Anura: Hylidae) Herpetologica 39 2 141-146 Amphibians, frogs, mating, reproduction, success, breeding behavior, Kansas Journal Article Goellner, Ronald 1984 The Tuatarium, an off-exhibit, climate-controlled chamber at the St. Louis Zoological Park Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 319-324 Journal Article Goff, M.L.;Judd, F.W. 1981 A chigger Eutrombicula alfreddugesi new record from the Texas tortoise Gopherus berlandieri Southwest. Nat. 26 1 83-84 Journal Article Gohil, Kinhore K. 1983 Shuklas' snakes service in Bhavnagar Hamadryad 8 1 14 Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R. 1983 Reproduction of the Coast Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma coronatum, in Southern California Southwestern Naturalist 28 4 478-479 Journal Article Goldman, William E.;Goldberg, Gregory;Bowman, Lewis H.;Steinmetz, Dennis;Schlessinger, david 1983 Mouse rDNA: sequence and evolutionary analysis of spacer and mature regions Molecular and Cellular Biology August 1488-1500 Journal Article Gollmann, Günter;Hödl, Walter;Ohler, Annemarie 1984 A tadpole from a Bombina hybrid population - A hopeless monster Amphibia-Reptilia 5 411-413 Journal Article Golubev, Mikhail L. 1984 Alsophylx tadjikiensis Golubev, stat. n. (Alsophylax laevis tadjikiensis Golubev, 1979: 62) Vestn. Zool. 1984 6 73 Journal Article Golubev, Mikhail L. 1984 Ctpyktypa pona Tropidocolotes (Reptilia, Gekkonidae). Subg. Tropidocolotes Peters, 1880 (s. str.) Vestn. zool. 1984 6 12 Journal Article Gomez, E.D.;Balazs, G.H. 1983 Marine turtle stamps promoting conservation CDC Newsletter 2 2-4 15-22 Journal Article Gona, A. G.;Hauser, K. F.;Uray., N. J. 1982 Ultrastructural studies on Purkinje cell maturation in the cerebellum of the frog tadpole during spontaneous and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis Brain Behav. Evol. 20 156-171 Journal Article Goncalves da Cruz, C. A.;Peixoto, O. L. 1982 Uma nova especie de Hyla do estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 42 4 721-724 new species, agilis, description, rubra, morphology Journal Article Goncalves da Cruz, C. A.;Peixoto, O. L. 1982 Sobre a biologia de Atelopus pernambucensis Bokermann, 1962 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 42 3 627-629 tadpoles, descriptions, morphology, habitat, larvae, comparative, Dendrophryniscus Journal Article Goniakowska-Witalínska, L. 1984 Tubular myelin structures in the lungs of Amphibia. The mode of formation. European Journal of Cell Biology 33 127-133 Journal Article Gonzales, D 1983 Pathological studies in some poisonous snakes Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 49-50 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology Book Section Gonzalez, Delfin 1983 Pathological studies on some poisonous snakes Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 49-50 Journal Article Gonzalez, A.;Donkelaar, H. J. Ten;Huizen., R. De Boer-Van 1984 Cerebellar connections in Xenopus laevis. An HRP study. Anat. Embryol. 169 167-176 Journal Article González Bermúdez, Fernando;Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes 1982 Datos etoecológicos sobre Anolis vermiculatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) Poeyana 245 1-18 Thesis Good, H.M. 1982 Shell anomalies in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations of the Beaver Dam Slope, Utah, and Desert Tortoise Natural Area, California Journal Article Good, D. A.;Wright, J. W. 1984 Allozymes and the hybrid origin of the parthenogenetic lizard Cnemidophorus exsanguis Experientia 40 1012-1014 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, Journal Article Good, Hannah M. 1984 Shell anomalies in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populations of the Beaver Dam Slope, Utah, and Desert Tortoise Natural Area, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 95-104 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Gordon, David M.;Cook, Francis R. 1980 Range Extension for the Yellow-spotted Salamander, Ambystoma maculatum , in Quebec The Canadian Field-Naturalist 94 4 460 Journal Article Gordon, David M.;Cook, Francis R. 1980 An Aggregation of Gravid Snakes in the Quebec Laurentians The Canadian Field-Naturalist 94 4 456-457 Journal Article Gordon, David M.;MacCulloch, Ross D. 1980 An investigation of the ecology of the map turtle, Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur), in the northern part of its range Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 12 2210-2219 Journal Article Gorgas, K.;Storch, V. 1984 Marginal plates in hepatic peroxisomes of Ichthyophis glutinosus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). A cytochemical study Cell Tissue Res 238 2 413-6 The ultrastructure of hepatic peroxisomes was investigated in Ichthyophis glutinosus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), employing perfusion fixation and the diaminobenzidine (DAB) technique for the visualization of catalase. The majority of peroxisomes is circular or rod-shaped, although elongated particles occasionally occur. They contain a finely granular matrix, lightly stained after the DAB procedure. Their mean diameter is approximately 0.25 micron. Serial sections reveal that the circular and rod-shaped peroxisomal profiles are cross and oblique sections of highly tortuous, tubular organelles exceeding 2 micron in length. In addition to tubular profiles, elongated, rectangular particles, as well as straight dumbbell-shaped organelles with distinct marginal plates are observed. They range from 900 to 1650 nm in length (mean = 1200 nm). In the flattened, thin central portion of the dumbbell-shaped particle, the peroxisomal membranes form a cisterna enclosing one or two uniformly thick marginal plates, which display a definite substructure with a periodicity of 10 nm. These findings indicate that peroxisomes in the liver of Ichthyophis exhibit a complex organization. It is suggested that the organelles undergo a specific differentiation process, morphologically characterized by the formation of enlarged segments of unusual shape. Journal Article Gorman, G. C. 1980 Anolis occultus, a small cryptic canopy lizard: are there pair bonds? Caribbean Journal of Science 15 3-4 29-31 reptiles, lizards, Journal Article Gorman, George C.;Buth, Donald G.;Soule, Michael;Yang, Suh Yung 1980 The relationships of the Anolis cristatellus species group: Electrophoretic analysis Journal of Herpetology 14 3 269-278 Reptiles, lizards, anoles, Anolis cristatellus, electrophoresis, genetic relations, species group Journal Article Gorman, George C.;Buth, Donald G.;Soule, Michael;Yung, Suh 1980 The Relationhips of the Anolis cristatellus Species Group: Electrophoretic Analysis Journal of Herpetology 14 3 269-278 biochemical techniques Journal Article Gorman, G. C. 1981 The chromosomes of Laticauda and a review of karyotypic evolution in the Elapidae Journal of Herpetology 15 2 225-233 reptiles, snakes, chromosomes, comparative, radiation Journal Article Gorman, G. C.;Licht, P.;McCollum, F. 1981 Annual reproductive patterns in three species of marine snakes from the central Phillippines Journal of Herpetology 15 3 335-354 reptiles, comparative, cycle, reproduction Journal Article Gorman, Geroge C. 1981 The chromosomes of Laticauda and a review of karyotypic evolution in Elapidae Journal of Herpetology 15 2 225-233 semifaciata hydrophis microcephalus colubrina Journal Article Gorman, Geroge C.;Licht, Paul;McCollum 1981 Annual reproductive patterns in three species of marine snakes from the Central Phillippines Journal of Herpetology 15 3 335-354 acrochordus granulatus cerberus rhynchops laticauda colubrina Journal Article Gorniak, G. C.;Rosenberg, H. I.;Gans, Carl 1982 Mastication in the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalis): structure and activity of the motor system Journal of Morphology 171 321-353 Journal Article Gorseman, P. 1980 Opmerkingen over biotoop en voortplanting van Homopus areolatus Lacerta 38 10-11 107-111 Journal Article Gorzula, S.J. 1984 Proposal for a photographic method for size estimates of crocodilians Herpetol. Rev. 15 2 38-39 size, techniques, Journal Article Gossling, Jennifer;Loesche, Walter J.;Ottoni, L. Dan 1980 Passage of Material through the Gut of Hibernating Rana pipiens (Amphibia, Anura,Ranidae) Journal of Herpetology 14 4 407-408 leopard frog Journal Article Gould, Stephen J.;Vrba, Elisabeth S. 1982 Exaptation-A missing term in the science of form Paleobiology 8 1 4-15 Journal Article Gould, S. J. 1983 A life and death tail Natural History 6 12-16 reptiles, tail loss, caudal autotomy, natural selection, Book Gow, Graeme F. 1980 Snakes of Australia Sydney Angus & Robertson 88 + 83 photos Australia; Snakes Book Gow, Graeme F. 1982 Australia's Dangerous Snakes Sydney Angus & Robertson 80 + 23 plates Australia; Snakes Book Gow, Graeme F. 1983 Snakes of Australia (revised edition) Sydney Angus & Robertson 118 + 48 plates Australia; Snakes Report Graham, A. 1981 Mapping the pattern of crocodile nesting activity in Papua New Guinea Journal Article Graham, F.;Jr. 1982 What matters most: the many worlds of Archie and Marjorie Carr Audubon Mag. 84 2 90-98, 100-105 Journal Article Graham, Russell W.;Holman, J. Alan;Parmalee, Paul W. 1983 Taphonomy and paleoecology of the Christensen Bog Mastodon Bone Bed, Hancock County, Indiana Illinois State Museum Report of Investigations 38 vi, 1-29 Journal Article Grandison, Alice G.C. 1980 Aspects of breeding morphology in Mertensophryne micranotis (Anura: Bufonidae): Secondary sexual characters, eggs and tadpole Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 39 5 299-304 Anura, Bufonidae, Mertensophryne micranotis, taxonomy, description, secondary sexual characters, eggs, tadpoles, east Africa, larval `crown', 52 Journal Article Grandison, A. G. C. 1980 Aspects of breeding morphology in Mertensophryne microanotis (Anura: Bufonidae): secondary sexual characters, eggs and tadpole Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 39 299-304 Journal Article Grandison, A. G. C. 1981 Morphology and phylogenetic position of the West African Didynamipus sjoestedti Andersson, 1903 (Anura Bufonidae) Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N.S.) Suppl. 15 187-215 Journal Article Grant, P.;Rubin, E.;Cima., C. 1980 Ontogeny of the retina and optic nerve in Xenopus laevis. I. Stages in the early development of the retina. Journal of Comparative Neurology 189 593-613 Journal Article Grassi Milano, E.;Accordi., F. 1983 Comparative morphology of the adrenal gland of anuran Amphibia J. Anat. 136 165-174 Journal Article Grassman, M.A.;Owens, D.W. 1981 Evidence of olfactory imprinting in loggerhead turtles Mar. Turtle Newsl. 19 7-10 Journal Article Grassman, M.A.;Owens, D.W. 1982 Development and extinction of food preferences in the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta Copeia 1982 965-969 Journal Article Grassman, M.;Owens, D.W. 1982 Development and extinction of food preferences in the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta Copeia 1982 965-969 loggerhead Journal Article Grassman, M. A.;Owens, D. W.;McVey, J. P.;M., R. Marquez 1984 Olfactory-based orientation in artificially imprinted sea turtles Science 224 83-84 reptiles, behavior, chemical, Lepidochelys kempi, Texas, olfaction Journal Article Grassman, M. A.;Owens, D. W.;McVey, J. P.;M.;Marquez, R. 1984 Olfactory-based orientation in artificially imprinted sea turtles Science 224 83-84 reptiles, behavior, chemical, Lepidochelys kempi, Texas, olfaction Thesis Grassman, M.A. 1984 The chemosensory behavior of juvenile sea turtles: implications for chemical imprinting Journal Article Grassman, M. A.;Owens, D. W.;McVey, J. P.;Marquez M., R. 1984 Olfactory-based orientation in artificially imprinted sea turtles Science 224 83-84 Book Grater, Russell K. 1981 Snakes, Lizards, & Turtles of the Lake Mead Region Globe, Az Southwest Parks and Monuments 48 Journal Article Gratz, R. K. 1984 Effect of bilateral vagotomy on the ventilatory responses of the water snake Nerodia sipedon Am J Physiol 246 2 Pt 2 R221-7 Animal; Body Temperature; Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology; *Respiration; Snakes/*physiology; Vagotomy; Vagus Nerve/*physiology The effects of bilateral vagotomy on pulmonary ventilation, O2 consumption, and heart rate were determined for the water snake, Nerodia sipedon, breathing room air at 15, 25, and 30 degrees C and breathing 5.2% CO2 in air at 25 degrees C. At all body temperatures, vagotomy resulted in a four- to sevenfold increase in tidal volume in snakes breathing room air. At the same time, ventilatory frequency decreased such that pulmonary ventilation was unchanged after vagotomy. Heart rate increased approximately 1.5 times after vagotomy, but O2 uptake was unchanged. The air convection requirement decreased similarly with increasing body temperature in both intact and vagotomized snakes. Arterial pH values were similar to those of intact snakes measured in a previous study and decreased by -0.013 U/degrees C. Since this occurs despite elimination of peripheral chemoreceptor input, it is suggested that the temperature compensation is a centrally controlled process. In intact snakes, breathing CO2 resulted in a fourfold increase in ventilation. Elimination of peripheral receptor input by vagotomy resulted in a loss of this ventilatory response to CO2 breathing. This means that peripheral receptors are required for a response to changes in arterial CO2 partial pressure and pH. Snakes thus differ from turtles and mammals in that central chemoreceptors alone are unable to produce the ventilatory response to inspired CO2. Journal Article Gravelle, K.;Simon, C. A. 1980 Field observations on the use of the togue-jacobson's organ system in two iguanid lizards, Sceloporus jarrovi and Anolis trinitatis Copeia 1980 2 356-359 reptiles, sense, tongue flick, Journal Article Gravelle, Karen;Simon, Carol A. 1980 Field observations on the use of the tongue-Jacobson's organ system in two iguanid lizards, Sceloporus jarrovi and Anolis trinitatus Copeia 1980 2 356-359 Journal Article Gray, Randall L.;Stroud, Dennis C. 1980 The winter aggregation of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 103 hibernation, lizard Journal Article Gray, R. H. 1984 Effective breeding size and the adaptive significance of color polymorphism in the cricket frog (Acris crepitans) in Illinois. Amphibia-Reptilia 5 101-107 Anuran, amphibia, Acris crepitans, color Journal Article Green, David M. 1980 Size differences in adhesive toe-pad cells of treefrogs of the diploid-polyploid Hyla versicolor complex Journal of Herpetology 14 1 15-19 Journal Article Green, David M. 1980 Size differences in adhesive toe-pad cells of treefrogs of the Diploid-polyploid Hylaversicolorcomplex Journal of Herpetology 14 1 15-20 toe-pad, treefrogs Journal Article Green, J. 1981 Second hatching of the american alligator Alligator mississippiensis Int. Zoo. Yrb. 21 76-77 Reptilia, crocodylia, Alligator mississippiensis, propagation Reprint Endnote 93/719 Journal Article Green, David M.;Alberch, Pere 1981 Interdigital webbing and skin morphology in the neotropical salamander genus Bolitoglossa (Amphibia; Plethodontidae) Journal of Morphology 170 273-282 Book Section Green, D.;Ortiz-Crespo, F. 1982 Status of sea turtle populations in the Central Eastern Pacific Bjorndal, K.A. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press 221-233 Journal Article Green, David M. 1983 Evidence for chromosome number reduction and chromosomal homosequentiality in the 24-chromosome Korean frog Rana dybowskii and related species Chromosoma 88 222-226 Anura, Ranidae, Rana, chromosome reduction, genetics, karyotype, Asia, Korea, 122 Journal Article Green, David M.;Kezer, James;Nussbaum, Ronald A. 1984 Triploidy in Hochstetter's frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri, from New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Zoology 11 457-460 Anura, Leiopelmatidae, Leiopelma hochstetteri, frogs, triploidy, polyploidy, chromosomes, karyotype, heterochromatin, genetics, 120 Book Section Greenberg, Neil;Jensen, Thomas A. 1982 Displays of captive banded iguanas, Brachylophus fasciatus Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 232-251 Journal Article Greene, J. 1980 Pity for giants Quest/80 4 2 55-59 Journal Article Greene, harry W.;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1981 Coral snake mimicry: does it occur? Science 213 1207-1212 Journal Article Greene, Harry W.;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1981 Coral snake mimicry: does it occur? Science 213 1207-1212 Book Section Greene, H. W. 1982 Dietary and phenotypic diversity in lizards: why are some organisms specialized Mossakowski, D. and Roth, G. Environmental adaptation and evolution New York Gustav Fischer 107-128 reptiles, food, adaptation, evolution, generalists, Book Section Greene, Harry W. 1982 Dietary and phenotypic diversity in lizards: Why are some organisms specialized? Mossakowski, D. and Roth, G. Environmental Adaptation and Evolution Stuttgart Gustav Fischer 107-128 Journal Article Greene, H. W.;Jaksic, F. M. 1983 Food-niche relationships among sympatric predators: effects of level of prey identification Oikos 40 1 151-154 reptiles, snakes, food, diet, Journal Article Greene, Gerald E. 1983 Ectoparasites of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, with emphasis on the soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros (Acari: Argasidae) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 117-125 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Greene, Harry W 1983 Dietary correlates of the orgin and radiation of snakes American Zoologist 23 431-441 food feeding Journal Article Greene, H.W. 1983 Dietary correlates of the origin and radiation of snakes Amer. Zool. 23 431-441 fossil, enemy, Book Section Greene, H. W. 1984 Feeding behavior and diet of the eastern coral snake, Micrurus fulvius Seigel, R. A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L. and Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate ecology and systematics-a tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, Kansas Museum of Natural History 147-162 reptiles, snakes, food, diet, Journal Article Greene, Harry W. 1984 Taxonomic status of the western racer, Coluber constrictor mormon Journal of Herpetology 18 2 210-211 Coluber constrictor mormon; taxonomy Journal Article Greene, Harry W. 1984 Feeding and the evolution of snakes BioScience 34 1 41-42 Journal Article Greenwell, M. G.;Hall, M.;Sexton, O. J. 1984 Phenotypic basis for a feeding change in an insular population of garter snakes Dev Psychobiol 17 5 457-63 Animal; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Ecology; Female; *Food Preferences; Male; Michigan; *Phenotype; Predatory Behavior/*physiology; Snakes/*genetics; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Predation on birds, an unusual behavior for the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), has been observed and documented in an insular garter snake population. Feeding preference tests were performed on naive neonatal snakes and experienced adults from both the island test population and a nearby mainland control population. No significant preference for birds as a prey item was found for either neonates or adults from either population. Therefore, neither a genetic nor an ontogenetic basis for the observed behavior was demonstrable. Birds tainted with a piscine odor, however, elicited a positive feeding response from adult snakes from both geographical sources. We propose that the observed behavior in the field is a result of learning to exploit an abundant, readily available resource already in the predator's repertoire. Journal Article Greer, B. J.;Wells, K. D. 1980 Territorial and reproductive behavior of the tropical American frog Centrolenella fleischmanni Herpetologica 36 4 318-326 Anura, Centrolenidae, vocalizations, Panama, mating success Journal Article Greer, A. E.;Kluge, A. G. 1980 A new species of Lampropholis (Lacertilia: Scincidae) from the rainforests of northeastern Queensland Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 691 1-12 reptiles, species description, morphology, lizards, Australia, distribution Journal Article Greer, A. E. 1980 Critical thermal maximum temperatures in Australian scincid lizards: their ecological and evolutionary significance Aust. J. Zool. 28 91-102 reptiles, CTMax, Journal Article Greer, Allen E. 1980 A new species of Morethia (Lacertilia: Scincidae) from northern Australia, with comments on the biology and relationships of the genus Records of the Australian Museum 33 2 89-122 nov. sp. storri evolution phlogenetisc key systematics Journal Article Greer, Allen E.;Kluge, Arnold G. 1980 A new species of Lampropholis (Lacertilia: Scincidae) from the rainforests of Northeastern Queensland Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 691 1-12 Journal Article Greer, Beverly J.;Wells, Kentwood D. 1980 Territorial and reproductive behavior of the tropical American frog Centrolenella fleishmanni Herpetologica 36 4 318-326 Anuran communication, Amphibia, Journal Article Greer, Allen E. 1982 A new species of Leiolopisma (Lacertilia: Scincidae) from Western Australia Records of the Australian Museum 34 12 549-573 nov. sp. baudini biology taxonomy phylogeny Journal Article Greer, A. E.;Gans, C. 1983 The amphisbaenian carpus: how primitive is it? Journal of Herpetology 17 4 406 reptiles, limbs, morphology Journal Article Greer, Allen E. 1983 The Australian scincid genus Calyptotis De Vis: resurrection of the name, description of four new species, and discussion of relationships Records of the Australian Museum 35 1 29-59 nov. sp. ruficauda scutirostrum temporalis thorntonensis taxonomy phylogeny Journal Article Gregory, Patrick T.;Macartney, J. Malcolm;Rivard, Donald H. 1980 Small mammal predation and prey handling behavior by the garter snake Thamnophis elegans Herpetologica 36 1 87-93 Journal Article Gregory, Patrick T. 1980 Physical factor selectivity in the fossorial lizard, Anguis fragilis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 95-99 legless, lizard Journal Article Grenot, C. 1981 On the waterbalance and weight of the sahara Lizard Uromastix acanthinurus. Sur l'equilibre hydrique et ponderal du lézard saharien Uromastix acanthinurus Bull. Soc. Zool Fr. 106 1 49-55 Reptilia, sauria, Uromastix acanthinurus, physiology, water, weight Journal Article Greven, H. 1980 Ultrastructural investigations of the epidermis and the gill epithelium in the intrauterine larvae of Salamandra salamandra (L)(Amphibia, Urodela) Zeit. Mikros. Anat. Forsch. 94 196-208 Journal Article Greven, H. 1984 The dentition of Gegeneophis ramaswamii (Amphibia, Gymnophiona), with comments on monocuspid teeth in the Amphibia Zeitschrift Fuer Zoologische Systematik Und Evolutionsforschung 22 4 342-348 Urodela; Anura; Evolution; Scanning Electron Microscopy; India The dentition of the Indian caeciliid G. ramaswamii from South India is described using scanning electron microscopy. The arrangement of the teeth does not differ significantly from that of other Gymnophiona investigated so far. Teeth crowns of the upper jaw show different degrees of bicuspidity: vomers, palatines and splenials have bicuspid teeth; the dentaries exhibit, with the exception of the most caudal tooth, monocuspids with a cusp extending in sharp edges. Obviously 2 types of monocuspid teeth occur in the Amphibia: Spike-like teeth with a single conical point, typical for larval Urodela but also known from adult Anura, might be regarded as less advanced (primitive), and teeth with 1 cusp extending in sharp edges of variable form, which are unknown from larval Amphibia. The latter type and the widely spread bicuspid tooth and transitional stages between bicuspids and (transformed) monocuspids are probably derived characters. The 2 types of monocuspids were pictured for several Amphibia. Book Griehl, Klaus 1982 Snakes: Giant Snakes and Non-Venomous Snakes in the terrarium New York Barrons 80 Snakes Journal Article Griffiths, R. A. 1983 Ontogenetic changes in phototaxis in the smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris (L.) British Journal of Herpetology 6 301-305 Amphibia, Caudata, salamander, predation Journal Article Griffiths, R. A. 1984 The influence of light and temperature on diel activity rhythms in the sand boa, Eryx conicus Journal of Herpetology 18 4 374-380 reptile, snake, cycles Journal Article Griffiths, R. A. 1984 A comparative study of phototaxis and the response to substrate moisture in newts and salamanders British Journal of Herpetology 6 375-378 Caudata, Amphibia, Triturus vulgaris, cristatus, Salamandra salamandra Journal Article Griffiths, R. A. 1984 Seasonal behaviour and intrahabitat movements in an urban population of smooth newts, Triturus vulgaris (Amphibia: Salamandridae) Journal of Zoology, London 203 241-251 Amphibia, Caudata, salamander, seasonality Journal Article Grigg, G. C.;Cairncross, M. 1980 Respiratory properties of the blood of Crocodylus porosus Respir Physiol 41 3 367-80 Acid-Base Equilibrium; Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood; Animal; Body Temperature; Carbon Dioxide/*blood; Diving; Hematocrit; Organophosphorus Compounds/blood; Oxygen/*blood; Partial Pressure; Reptiles/*blood The blood of Crocodylus porosus has a high oxygen capacity (5.5 mmol . 1-1 at hematocrit = 28%). The shape of the oxygen equilibrium curve of the blood is described by 'n' = 2.7 in the physiological range of PCO2, and its oxygen affinity is described by the equation: log10P50 = 0.4163 + 0.0200 T degrees C + 0.3763 log10PCO2. Thus, the blood has a low oxygen affinity which is strongly sensitive to both temperature and PCO2. There is a high buffering capacity, 37 mmol . (1 . pH)-1, and a large Haldane effect, 0.93 mmol CO2 (mmol Hb)-1. The fixed-acid Bohr effect seems to be much reduced in comparison to the CO2-specific Bohr effect. We discuss the possibility that low levels of red cell organic phosphate may be an adaptive strategy to desensitise P50 to changes in plasma pH. The significance of the blood respiratory properties is discussed in terms of the life style of C. porosus, particularly in relation to ectothermy and diving. Conference Proceedings Grigg, G.C.;Taplin, L.E. 1980 Physiological strategies by which Crocodylus porosus line in sea water (Abstract only) Journal Article Grigg, G.C.;Taplin, L.E.;Harlow, P.;Wright, J. 1980 Survival and growth of hatchling Crocodylus porosus without access to fresh drinking water Oecologia 47 2 264-266 CPR, osmoregulation, nest, Australia Journal Article Grigg, G.C. 1981 Plasma homeostasis and cloacal urine composition in Crocodylus porosus caught along a salinity gradient J. Comp. Physiol. 144 261-270 CPR, osmoregulation, Australia Journal Article Grigg, G.C. 1982 Sydney University's research on Australian crocodiles Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 204-209 CPR, CJ, distribution, movement, ecology, osmoregulation, Australia Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1983 A reevaluation of the North American gekkonid genus Anarbylus Murphy and its cladistic relationships to Coleonyx Gray Herpetologica 39 4 394-399 taxonomy osteology synonymy cladistics Book Grobman, Arnold B. 1983 Lizards of Virgin Gorda Happy Camp, California Naturgraph Publishers 23 Virgin Islands Journal Article Grobman, Arnold B. 1984 Scutellation variation in Opheodrys aestivus Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 29 3 153-170 Journal Article Grobstein, P.;Comer, C.;Kostyk., S. 1980 The potential binocular field and its tectal representation in Rana pipiens Journal of Comparative Neurology 190 175-185 Journal Article Grobstein, P.;Comer., C. 1983 The nucleus isthmi as an intertectal relay for the ipsilateral oculotectal projection in the frog, Rana pipiens Journal of Comparative Neurology 217 54-74 Journal Article Groombridge, B. 1982 The IUCN Amphibia-Reptilia Red Data Book, pt 1 Testudines Crocodylia Rhynchocephalia Working draft CROC, conservation, distribution, ecology, captive breeding, reproduction, behavior, utilization Book Groombridge, B. 1982 The IUCN Amphibia-Reptilia Red Data Book. Part 1. Testudines, Crocodylia, Rhynchocephalia Gland, Switzerland IUCN Journal Article Groombridge, Brian 1983 A note on snakes in the Ghat Forests of the northwest Anaimalais, Kerala State Hamadryad 8 3 2-5 Journal Article Groombridge, B. C. 1984 The facial carotid artery in snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes) Variations and possible cladistic significance Amphibia-Reptilia 5 145-155 causus acrochordus Journal Article Groschaft, J.;Moravec, F. 1983 Some trematodes and cestodes from amphibians and reptiles in Egypt Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke 47 241-249 Digenea, Cestoda, Amphibia, Anura, Reptilia, Sauria, survey, Egypt Journal Article Gross, D.T. 1980 The female reproductive cycle of Sternotherus odoratus in central Florida Fla. Sci. 43 Suppl. 1 27 Sternotherus odoratus; reproduction Journal Article Gross, M. R.;Shine, R. 1981 Parental care and mode of fertilization in ectothermic vertebrates Evolution 35 4 775-793 behavior, reptiles, amphibians, reproduction Thesis Gross, D.T. 1982 Reproductive biology of the stinkpot, Sternotherus odoratus, in a central Florida lake system 91 pp. Book Große, Wolf R. 1983 Olme, Molche, Salamander Leipzig Vivaristik Ratgeber 64 Journal Article Grover, B. G.;Grüsser-Cornehls., U. 1984 Cerebellar afferents in the frogs, Rana esculenta and Rana temporaria Cell and Tissue Reserach 237 259-267 Journal Article Groves, John D. 1980 Observations and comments on the post-parturient behavior of some tropical boas of the genus Epicrates British Journal of Herpetology 6 89-91 cenchria behavior Journal Article Groves, J. D. 1982 Egg-eating behavior of brooding five-lined skinks, Eumeces fasciatus Copeia 1982 4 969-971 78, Eumeces, oophagy, egg-eating, skink, Scincidae Journal Article Groves, J.D. 1982 The American alligator Return of an endangered species Animal Kingdom 85 3 1-3 AM, conservation, Journal Article Groves, John D. 1983 Taxonomic Status and Zoogeography of the Painted Turtle Chrysemys picta (Testudines: Emydidae), in Maryland The American Midland Naturalist 109 2 274-279 Journal Article Gruca, M.;Grigg, G. C. 1980 Methemoglobin reduction in crocodile blood: are high levels of MetHb typical of healthy reptiles? J Exp Zool 213 2 305-8 Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood; Animal; Comparative Study; Methemoglobin/*metabolism; Oxidation-Reduction; Reptiles/*blood; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't In 82 wild-caught Crocodylus porosus, levels of NADH-MetHb reductase and GSH seem adequate to maintain hemoglobin in its reduced functional state. Studies of C. porosus erythrocytes in vitro show reduction of metHb in the presence of lactate, glucose and plasma, but not pyruvate. These findings, together with recent data which show low metHb in a variety of reptiles, cast doubt on the accepted view that high levels of MetHb are typical of healthy reptiles. One explanation for the sharp contrast between earlier and more recent data could be technical. We found low metHb in Crocodylus johnstoni, Chelodina longicollis and Sphenomorphus quoyi. However, high and variable vales reminiscent of many of the earlier data were obtained by omitting final centrifugation prior to spectrophotometry. Interestingly, this step is not part of the standard clinical method but is necessary in analyses of blood with nucleated red cells. These observations suggest that high metHb may not be typical of reptiles after all. Journal Article Gu, W.;Zhang, H. 1983 Preliminary reports on the reproductive ecology of the Chinese alligator Liangqi Paxing Dongwu Bao 2 72-74 AS, reproduction, nest, China Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1980 Notas adicionales sobre la distribucion, ecologia y comportamiento de Mabuya dorsivittata (Lacertilia: Scincidae) Centro Educativo Don Orione Contribuciones en Biología 2 1-13 reptiles, lizards, distribution Journal Article Gudynas, E.;Skuk, G. 1980 Primera approximacion a la distribucion y ecologia de los Teiidae (Lacertilia) del Uruguay Resumos 22 6-7 reptiles, lizards, Uruguay teiids Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1980 A preliminary account on the biology of Homonota uruguayensis (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) Res. Jorn. C. Nat. 1 9-10 reptiles, lizards, distribution, reproduction Journal Article Gudynas, E.;Gambarotta, J. C. 1981 Two Philodryas patagoniensis from one egg Herp Review 12 2 54 reptiles, reproduction, twinning Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1981 Confimacion de la viviparidad en la "culebra sepia" Thamnodynastes strigilis (Serpentes: Colubridae) C.E.D. Orione Cont. Biol. 5 1-7 reptiles, snakes, vivparity, reproduction, Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1981 Comentarios sobre biotopos, habitats, herpetofauna y la biogeografia de Uruguay y areas vecinas Res. Com. Jorn. C. Nat. 2 7-8 reptiles, lizards, Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1981 Consideraciones sobre la herpetofauna de Uruguay y areas vecinas con una aproximacion biogeographica Res. Com. Jorn. C. Nat. 2 5-6 reptiles, lizards, biogeography Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1981 New departmental records of Liolaemus weigmannii from Uruguay Herp Review 12 3 84 reptiles, lizards Journal Article Gudynas, E.;Melgarejo, A. R. 1981 Further notes on the reproductive biology of the lizard Teius teyou (Lacertilia: Teiidae) C.E.D. Orione Cont. Biol. 8 1-9 reptiles, lizards, Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1981 Comparaciones preliminares entre elencos de herpetofauna y su significado para la bigeografia de Uruguay Resumos 23 8-9 biogeography, reptiles, lizards Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1981 Some notes from Uruguay on the behavior, ecology, and conservation of the macroteiid lizard, Tupinambis teguixin Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 16 2 129-139 reptiles, lizards, Journal Article Gudynas, E. 1982 El gecko de las piedras Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 2 38 8-10 reptiles, lizards, Homonota uruguayensis, Journal Article Gudynas, E.;Skuk, G. 1982 Distribucion y ecologia del saurio iguanido Liolaemus wiegmannii en Uruguay Resumos 62-63 reptiles, lizards, distribution, ecology Journal Article Gudynas, E.;Skuk, G. 1983 A new species of the iguanid lizard genus Tropidurus from temperate South America C.E.D. Orione Cont. Biol. 10 1-10 reptiles, species description, morphology, catalanensis, Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina Journal Article Guggino, W. B.;Windhager, E. E.;Boulpaep, E. L.;Giebisch, G. 1982 Cellular and paracellular resistances of the Necturus proximal tubule J Membr Biol 67 2 143-54 Animal; Cell Membrane/physiology; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium/physiology; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*physiology; Membrane Potentials; Methods; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus; Oils Individual resistances of the apical cell membrane Ra, the basolateral cell membrane, Rbl, and the paracellular shunt, Rs, were determined in the Necturus proximal tubule using a set of three electrical parameters. Four electrical parameters were measured: the transepithelial resistance, (Rte), the apical and basolateral cell membrane resistance in parallel, (Rz free-flow tubules), the basolateral cell membrane resistance in oil-filled tubules, (Rz oil- filled), and the ratio of apical and basolateral cell membrane resistance (Ra/Rbl). Rte was determined from an analysis of the spatial decay of luminal voltage following luminal current injection. Rz free- flow and Rz oil-filled were measured by the analysis of the spatial decay of intracellular voltage deflections following cellular current injection in free flow and oil-filled tubules, respectively. Ra/Rbl was estimated from the ratio of voltage deflections across the apical and basolateral cell membranes following transepithelial current injection. In addition, the magnitude of cellular and luminal cable interactions was evaluated, by comparing the spatial decay of voltage deflections in the cell and in the lumen following intracellular current injection. The combined cell membrane resistance (Ra + Rbl) is between one to two orders of magnitude greater than the paracellular resistance. This result supports the view that the Necturus proximal tubule is a leaky epithelium. Journal Article Guillette, Louis J.;Casas-Andreu, Gustavo 1980 Fall reproductive activity in the high altitude Mexican lizard, Sceloporusgrammicusmicrolepidotus Journal of Herpetology 14 2 143-148 reproduction, cycles Journal Article Gulati, A. K.;Zalewski, A. A.;Reddi, A. H. 1983 An immunofluorescent study of the distribution of fibronectin and laminin during limb regeneration in the adult newt Dev Biol 96 2 355-65 Animal; Basement Membrane/metabolism; Cell Differentiation; Female; Fibronectins/*metabolism; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Forelimb/*physiology; Glycoproteins/*metabolism; Male; Morphogenesis; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Tissue Distribution Fibronectin and laminin are two extracellular glycoproteins which are involved in various processes of cellular development and differentiation. The present investigation describes changes in their distribution during regeneration of the newt forelimb, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. The distribution of fibronectin and laminin was similar in normal limb tissue components. These glycoproteins were localized in the pericellular region of the myofibers corresponding to its basement membrane; the perineurium and endoneurium of the nerves; and the basement membranes of blood vessels, skin epithelium, and dermal glands. The cytoplasm of myofibers, axons, skin epithelium, and bone matrix lacked fluorescence for both glycoproteins. After limb amputation in the regenerating blastema, extensive presence of fibronectin, but not laminin, was seen in and around the undifferentiated blastemal cells. Increased fluorescence for fibronectin was also seen during blastema growth, blastemal cell aggregation, and early stages of redifferentiation. As redifferentiation continued, staining for fibronectin slowly disappeared from the cartilage matrix and the myoblast fusion zone. Laminin was first observed around the regenerated myotubes; this was followed by the appearance of fibronectin suggesting a sequential formation of these two components of the new myotube basement membrane. In the regenerated limb, the distribution of laminin and fibronectin was similar to that seen in normal limb. Based on the distribution pattern of these glycoproteins, it is concluded that fibronectin may play an important role in blastemal cell aggregation, cell alignment, and initiation of redifferentiation. After redifferentiation, both laminin and fibronectin may be important in the determination of the architecture of the regenerated limb. Journal Article Gunasingh, A.;Kasinathan, S.;Ramakrishnan., S. 1982 Endocrine control of the cycle of oviduct and urogenital papilla of the tropical frog Rana hexadactyla Lesson Indian J. Exp. Biol. 20 285-289 Journal Article Gutierrez, Jose Maria;Bolanos, Roger 1980 Karyotype of the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus Journal of Herpetology 14 2 161-166 sea snakes Journal Article Gutzke, W.H.N.;Paukstis, G.L. 1983 Influence of the hydric environment on sexual differentiation in turtles J. Exp. Zool. 226 467-469 Sex determination; hydric; sex ratio; tsd; pivotal Thesis Gyuris, E. 1984 Genetic variation and its relevance to its population structure of sea turtles Journal Article Haacke, W. D.;Odendaal, F. J. 1981 The distribution of the genus Rhoptropus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) in the central Namib desert Madoqua 12 4 199-215 reptiles, lizards, range, geography Journal Article Hafen, Eldon 1982 Washington County Cattlemen's Association and the Utah Farm Bureau report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 76-77 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Hagan, J.M.;Smithson, P.C.;Doerr, P.D. 1983 Behavioral response of the American alligator to freezing weather J. Herpetol. 17 4 402-404 AM, temperature, behavior, NC Journal Article Hahn, Donald E. 1980 Leptotyphlops maximus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 244 1 Journal Article Hahn, Donald E. 1980 Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Anomalepididae, Leptotyphlopidae, Typhlopidae Das Tierreich 101 xii + 1-93 Edited Book Hahn, Richard A. 1980 (?) 3rd Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation and Husbandry ii, 117 p. Book Hahn, Richard A. 1982 5th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD IHS 166 Book Hahn, Richard A. 1982 4th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD IHS 124 Book Hahn, Richard A. 1982 4th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD Zoological Consortium, Inc. 124 p. Book Hahn, Richard A. 1982 5th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD Zoological Consortium, Inc. 166 p. Book Hahn, Richard A. 1983 6th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD Zoological Consortium, Inc. viii, 349 p. Book Hahn, Richard A. 1984 7th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD Zoological Consortium, Inc. vi, 149 p. Journal Article Hailman, Jack P. 1984 Bimodal nocturnal activity of the western toad (Bufo boreas) in relation to ambient illumination Copeia 1984 2 283-290 Journal Article Hairston, N. G. 1980 Evolution under interspecific competition: Field experiments on terrestrial salamanders Evolution 34 3 409-420 amphibians, habitat, microhabitat, altitude, displacement, Plethodon Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G. 1980 The experimental test of an analysis of field distributions: Aompetition in terrestrial salamanders Ecology 61 4 817-826 altitudinal replacement carrying capacity competition field experiments habitat overlap plethodon glutinosus jordani southern appalachians Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G 1980 Species packing in the salamander genus Desmognathus: What are the interspecific interactions involved? American Naturalist 115 3 354-366 Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G. 1980 The experimental test of an analysis of field distributions: Competition in terrestrial salamanders Ecology 61 4 817-826 altitudinal replacement carrying capacity competition field experiments habitat overlap plethodon glutinosus jordani southern appalachians Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G. 1981 An experimental test of a guild: salamander competition Ecology 62 1 65-72 Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G. 1983 Growth, survivial and reproduction of Plethodon jordani: Trade-offs between selective pressures Copeia 1983 4 1024-1035 size distribution fecindity glutinosus clutch size population reproductive rate desmognathus ochrophaeus life history Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G. 1983 Alpha selection in competing salamanders: Experimental verification of an a priori hypothesis American Naturalist 122 1 105-113 competition ecology r-selection k-selection plethodon jordani glutinosus ecology life history Journal Article Hairston, N. G.;Sr. 1983 Growth, survival and reproduction of Plethodon jordani: trade-offs between selective pressures. Copeia 1983 1024-1035 Journal Article Halffter, G. 1981 The Mapimi Mexico Biosphere Reserve local participation in conservation and development Ambio 10 2/3 93-96 Journal Article Halimi, A.;Lespilette, D. 1980 Traitement du syndrome de maladaptation chez deux Crotalus adamanteus (Beauvois). Bull de la soc. Herpetol. de France 15 20-23 Reptilia, serpentes, Crotalus adamanteus, stress, maladaptatie, management Reprint Endnote 93/469 Journal Article Hall, R.J.;Clark, D.R. 1982 Response of the iguanid lizard Anolis carolinensis to four organophosphorus pesticides. Environm. Pollut. 28 45-52 Reptilia, sauria, green anole, Anolis carolinensis, intoxication, organophosphor, pesticide Journal Article Hall, R.J, et. al. 1983 Residues of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in tissues of Sea Turtles Exposed to the IXTOC 1 Oil Spill. J. of Wildlife Diseases 19 2 106-109 Reptilia, testudines, Chelonia mydas, intoxication, petroleum Thesis Hall, Philip M 1983 Distribution, abundance and reproduction of crocodiles (Crocodylus novaeguineae and C porosus) in Lake Murray district, Papua New Guinea Journal Article Hall, T. R.;Uruena, G. 1983 Distribution of monoamine oxidase activity in tissues of the urodeles Ambystoma tigrinum (tiger salamander) and Necturus maculosus (mudpuppy) Comp Biochem Physiol C 74 1 35-9 Aging; Ambystoma/*metabolism; Animal; Brain/enzymology; Clorgyline/pharmacology; Comparative Study; Female; Intestines/drug effects/enzymology; Liver/drug effects/enzymology; Male; Monoamine Oxidase/*metabolism; Necturus/*metabolism; Organ Specificity; Sex Factors; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 1. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was determined fluorometrically in tissues of adult mudpuppies, and pre- (young) and post- (adult) metamorphic tiger salamanders. 2. From responses to specific inhibitors it was determined that 95% activity was MAO type A in all tissues. 3. In young salamanders MAO activity was greater in brain and intestine of males than of females, and was considerably higher in kidney of both sexes and in intestine of males compared to adults. 4. MAO activity was distributed differently in the mudpuppy compared to the salamander. Intestine and liver contained high activity and brain had relatively little MAO activity compared to salamander. 5. The apparent Michaelis constant of MAO activity in the different groups and tissues was generally similar, suggesting a similarity of the MAO molecule. Book Section Hall, Russell J.;Mulhern, Bernard M. 1984 Are anuran amphibians heavy metal accumulators? Seigel, R.A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L.;Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics-A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, KS Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 123-133 Book Section Hall, Brian K. 1984 Developmental processes underlying the evolution of cartliage and bone Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 155-176 Journal Article Halliday, Tim 1983 Do frogs and toads choose their mates? Nature 306 226-227 frogs, mating Journal Article Halloy, M.;Laurent, Raymond F. 1984 Clelia rustica (Cope) Supplément à la Revue française d'Aquariologie 1984 1 (2 p.) Journal Article HALPERT, A.P.;GARSTKA, W.R.;CREWS, D 1982 Sperm transport and storage and its relationship to the annual cycle of the female red-sideed garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. J. Morphol. 174 149-159 Reptilia, serpentes, Thamnophis sirtalis, anatomy, oviduct, receptaculum seminis Journal Article Ham, I.;Dzukic, Georg;Tvrtkovic, N.;Kataranovski, D.;Mukuska, J. 1981 Faunisticka i ekoloska grada za sisare, vodozemce, i gmizavce Deliblatskog peska [Faunistisch-Ökologische angaben über die Säugetiere, Lurche und Kriechtiere von Deliblato sand] Priroda Vojvodine 6-8 29-41 Journal Article Hamilton, William D.;Zuk, Marlene 1982 Heritable true fitness and bright birds: A role for parasites? Science 218 384-387 Journal Article Hamilton, J.;and, M.;Coe 1982 Feeding, digestion and assimilation of a population of giant tortoises (Geochelone gigantea) on Aldabra atoll J. Arid Envir 1982 127 127-144 vit,oeko,testu PF x Journal Article Hampton, Anne M. 1981 Field studies of natality in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 128-138 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Hanel, Lubomir 1982 Zebroník Pleurodeles waltlii Akvárium Terárrium 5 28-30 Journal Article Hanken, J.;Wake, D. B. 1982 Genetic differentiation among plethodontid salamanders (Genus Bolitoglossa) in Central and South America: implications for the South American invasion Herpetologica 38 2 272-287 amphibians, phylogeny, morphology, relationships, allozymes, biogeography, electrophoresis, Journal Article Hanken, J. 1982 Appendicular skeletal morphology in minute salamanders, genus Thorius (Amphibia: Plethodontidae): Growth regulation, adult size determination, and natural variation Journal of Morphology 174 57-77 Amphibians, salamanders, morphology, skeleton, growth, body size, Mexico, feet Journal Article Hanken, James;Wake, David B. 1982 Genetic differentiation among plethodontid salamanders (Genus Bolitoglossa) in Central and South Amercia: implications for the South American invasion Herpetologica 38 2 272-287 Journal Article Hanken, J. 1983 Miniaturization and its effects on cranial morphology in plethodontid salamanders, genus Thorius (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): II. The fate of the brain and sense organs and their role in skull morphogenesis and evolution Journal ofMorphology 177 255-268 head size, development, skeletal, Caudata Journal Article Hanken, J. 1983 Miniaturization and its effects on cranial morphology in plethodontid salamanders, genus Thorius (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): II. The fate of the brain and sense organs and their role in skull morphogenesis and evolution. Journal of Morphology 177 255-268 Journal Article Hanken, James 1983 Miniaturization and its effects on cranial morphology in plethodontid salamanders, genus Thorius (Amphibia, Plethodontidae): I. Osteological variation Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 23 55-75 Journal Article Hanken, J.;Hall., B. K. 1984 Variation and timing of the cranial ossification sequence of the Oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis (Amphibia, Discoglossidae) Journal of Morphology 182 245-255 Journal Article Hanken, J. 1984 Miniaturization and its effects on cranial morphology in plethodontid salamanders, genus Thorius (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) I. Osteological variation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 23 55-75 Journal Article Hansen, H. D.;Gesser, H. 1980 Relation between non-bicarbonate buffer value and tolerance to cellular acidosis: a comparative study of myocardial tissue J Exp Biol 84 161-7 Acidosis/*physiopathology; Aerobiosis; Alligators and Crocodiles; Anaerobiosis; Animal; Bicarbonates/*physiology; Buffers; Comparative Study; Fishes; Glycolysis; Heart/*physiology; Hypercapnia/*physiopathology; In Vitro; *Myocardial Contraction; Rats; Turtles; Xenopus There is a large variation in the tolerance of myocardial tissue to cellular acidosis. Assuming the cytoplasmic acid-base status to be mainly a result of intracellular processes, this variation could be produced by variations in the tissue non-bicarbonate buffer value. In the myocardial tissue from nine vertebrate species, the non-bicarbonate buffer value did not correlate either with ability to develop tension under hypercapnic acidiosis or with the indirectly estimated capacity for anaerobic glycolysis. Therefore, differences in myocardial tolerance to acidosis must be explained either by an active pH regulation or by other compensatory mechanisms. Journal Article Harding, Keith A. 1982 Courtship display in a Bornean frog Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 3 621-624 Anura, Ranidae, Staurois parvus, mating, courtship display, Indioarchapelago, Borneo, 235 Journal Article Hardun 1984-1995 Volumes 2-6 Journal Article Hardy, L. M.;Raymond, L. R. 1980 The breeding migration of the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum, in Louisiana Journal of Herpetology 14 4 327-335 salamander, Caudata, Amphibia Journal Article Hardy, Laurence M. 1980 Ficimia publia Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 254 1-2 Journal Article Hardy, Laurence M. 1980 Ficimia ruspator Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 243 1 Journal Article Hardy, Laurence M.;Raymond, Larry R. 1980 The Breeding Migration of the Mole Salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum in Louisiana Journal of Herpetology 14 4 327-336 reproduction Journal Article Hardy, L. M.;Cole, C. J. 1981 Parthenogenetic reproduction in lizards: histological evidence Journal of Morphology 170 215-237 reptiles, reproduction, comparative, morphology Journal Article Hardy, Laurence M.;Cole, Charles J. 1981 Parthenogenetic reproduction in lizards: Histological evidence Journal of Morphology 170 215-237 Journal Article Hardy, Laurence M. 1981 Ficimia variegata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 269 1-2 Journal Article Hardy, Jerry D., Jr. 1982 Biogeography of Tobago, West Indies, with special refernce to amphibians and reptiles: A review Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 18 2 37-142 Journal Article Hardy, D. L. 1983 Envenomation by the mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) in southern Arizona, U.S.A. Toxicon 21 1 111-118 Reptiles, snakes, venom, poison, first aid, effects, necrosis, clinical Journal Article Hardy, J. D., Jr. 1984 Frogs, egg teeth, and evolution: preliminary comments on egg teeth in the genus Eleutherodactylus Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 20 1-11 Journal Article Harlan, R. A.;Wilkinson., R. F. 1981 The effects of progressive hypoxia and rocking activity on blood oxygen tension for hellbenders, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis. Journal of Herpetology 15 383-387 Journal Article Harper, P.A;Hammond, W. D. C.;Heuschele, W.P. 1982 A herpes virus-like agent associated with a pharyngeal abscess in a desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii J. Wildl. Dis. 18 4 491-494 Reptilia, testudines, desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, infection, virus, herpes-like, abscess, pharyngeal testu,vet,virus Fernl x Journal Article Harri, M. N. E. 1980 Hepatic mixed function oxidase (MFO) activities during the seasonal life cycle of the frog, Rana temporaria Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67C 75-78 Journal Article Harris, R. N. 1980 The consequences of within-year timing of breeding in Ambystoma maculatum Copeia 1980 719-722 Journal Article Harris, R. N.;Gill., D. E. 1980 Communal nesting, brooding behavior, and embryonic survival of the four-toed salamander Hemidactylium scutatum. Herpetologica 36 141-144 Book Section Harris, Dennis M. 1982 The phenology, growth, and survival of the green iguana, Iguana iguana, in northern Colombia Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 150-161 Journal Article Harris, Dennis M. 1982 The Sphaerodactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) of South America Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 704 1-31 Journal Article Harris, Lester E. 1982 Snakebite! Mother Earth News 1982 May/June 40-42 Journal Article Harris, Dennis M.;Kluge, Arnold G. 1984 The Sphaerodactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) of Middle America Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 706 1-59 Journal Article Harris, R. N. 1984 Transplant experiments with Ambystoma larvae Copeia 1984 161-169 Journal Article Harrison, G.H. 1981 Raising crocs, not cane Animal Kingdom June/July 27-29 CR, CA, farming, Caribbean Journal Article Harrison, George 1982 Don't tread on me Sports Afield 187 6 57-59;118-120 crotalus agkistrodon micrurus Thesis Harry, J.L. 1983 Genetic aspects of the breeding structure of the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus) Journal Article Harste, K.M.;Rechtschaffen, A. 1982 The effect of amphetamine, nembutal, alpha-methyltyrosine, and parachlorophenylalanine on the sleep-related spike activity of the tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria, and on the cat ventral hippicampus spike Brain Behav. Evolut. 21 4 199-222 Journal Article Hartog, J. C. den;Nierop, M. M. van 1984 A study on the gut contents of six leathery turtles Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus) (Reptilia: Testudines: Dermochelyidae) from British waters and from the Netherlands Zoologische Verhandelingen 209 1-36 Sea turtles; Europe; Dermochelys coriacea; Diet Journal Article Harvey, R. W.;Price, T. H. 1983 Salmonella isolation from reptilian faeces: a discussion of appropriate cultural techniques J Hyg 91 1 25-32 Alligators and Crocodiles/microbiology; Animal; Bacteriological Techniques; Culture Media; Feces/*microbiology; Lizards/microbiology; Reptiles/*microbiology; Salmonella/*isolation & purification; Salmonella typhimurium/isolation & purification; Snakes/microbiology; Turtles/microbiology A short study of salmonella isolation from reptile faeces is described. The samples came from the reptile house at the Bristol Zoological Gardens. The wide range of salmonella serotypes present in the material, including representatives of all four subgenera, is noted. The important factors in the technique of isolation are discussed. These are choice of inoculum, enrichment medium, and plating medium, use of multiple subculture and serological isolation. If the number of samples available is scanty, an extended technique will probably yield more information than a simple method. Journal Article Harwell, G. e.a. 1982 The houston toad- Problems associated with the captive propagation of amphibians AAZV 7-11 1-2 Amphibia, management, propagation 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Harwell, G. 1982 Esophageal foreign body in a Kemp's ridley sea turtle AAZV 7-11 3 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Harwell G. 1982 Esophageal foreign body in a Kemp's ridley sea turtle AAZV 7-11 3 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Hauser, B.;al., et 1983 Herpes virus-like infection in two young boas J. Comp.Pathol. 93 515-519 Reptilia, serpentes, C. constrictor, infection, virus, herpes Journal Article Hawkins, C. P.;M. L. Murphy, N. H. Anderson;Wilzbach., M. A. 1983 Density of fish and salamanders in relation to riparian canopy and physical habitat in streams of the northwestern United States Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40 1173-1185 Journal Article Hayashi, T;Mori, A.;kawamura, K.;Kobayashi, S.;Yamashita, A.;Ota, H. 1983 Notes on the two lizard species newly collected in Taketomijima Island of the Yaeyama Group, Ryukyu Archipelago, with reference to some problems on Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril et Bibron, 1836) Nippon Herpetological Journal 26 15-18 Journal Article Hayashi, Y.;Hattori, S.;Tanaka, H. 1984 The electric net trap for the venomous snake, Habu, Trimeresurus flavoviridis Jpn J Exp Med 54 5 207-10 Animal; Biometry; Comparative Study; Electricity; Japan; Pest Control/*instrumentation; *Snakes/anatomy & histology/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The electric net trap made of 3 rows of polyethylene net fence with the high voltage electric pulse was examined in the field for capturing the venomous snake, Trimeresurus flavoviridis. The bottom of the center row of the net fence was buried in the ground and that of other two outer rows was partially free from the ground so that snakes were allowed to invade one way into the spaces at both sides of the center net. The examination using a 90 m net trap set for 116 days resulted in the capture of 44 snakes, i.e., 7 T. flavoviridis, 7 Dinodon semicarinatus and 33 Opheodrys semicarinatus, of which the latter two were nonvenomous. The result indicated that the net trap was an efficient tool for capturing snakes and in identifying the direction of snake movement. In the other studies conducted in 1982 and 1983, a 178.5 m net trap was set at a part of a 2,000 m electric net barrier, which surrounded a 12.8 ha sugar cane field and thereby prevented snake invasion. The number of venomous snakes captured by the inner net trap was remarkably reduced from 13 in 1982 to 0 in 1983, in contrast to 8 and 9, respectively, observed in the outer trap. The decrease of snake population was also observed in 100 box traps baited with a live rat set inside the enclosed area. The ratio of immature snakes captured by the net trap was significantly higher than that by the box trap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Hayes, M. P.;Starrett, P. H. 1980 Notes on a collection of centrolenid frogs from the Colombian Choco Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 79 3 89-96 Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenella, sexual dimorphism, skeletal, osteology, distributions Journal Article Hayes, M. Pl 1983 Predation on the adults and prehatching stages of glass frogs (Centrolenidae) Biotropica 15 1 74-76 Anura, Centrolenella fleischmanni, granulosa, prosoblepon, Costa Rica, crabs Journal Article Hayes, M. P. 1983 A technique for partitioning hatching and mortality estimates in leaf-breeding frogs Herp Review 14 4 115-116 survivorship, development Journal Article Hayes, M. P.;Miyamoto., M. M. 1984 Biochemical, behavioral, and body size differences between Rana aurora aurora and Rana aurora draytonii. Copeia 1984 1018-1022 Report Haynes, C. M.;Aird, S. D. 1981 The distribution and habitat requirements of the wood frog (Ranidae: Rana sylvatica Le Conte) in Colorado Journal Article Hazard, E. S.;Hutchison, V. H. 1982 Distribution of acid-soluble phosphates in the erythrocytes of selected species of amphibians Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 73A 111-125 Amphibians, erythrocytes, acid-soluble phosphates, temperature, photoperiod, body size, metabolism Journal Article Heang, Kiew Bong 1984 Conservation status of the Malaysian fauna. III. Amphibians Malayan Naturalist 37 4 6-10 Journal Article Heasman, J.;R. O. Hynes, A. P. Swan, V. Thomas;Wylie., C. C. 1981 Primordial germ cells of Xenopus embryos: the role of fibronectin in their adhesion during migration Cell 7 437-447 Journal Article Heath, Alan G. 1980 Cardiac responses of larval and adult tiger salamanders to submergence and emergence Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65A 439-444 ambystoma tigrinum Book Section Heatwole, Harold 1982 A review of structuring in herpetofaunal assemblages Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 1-19 Journal Article Hedges, S. B. 1982 Caribbean biogeography: implications of recent plate tectonic studies Systematic Zoology 31 4 518-522 vicariance, Book Hedges, Norman G. 1983 Reptiles and Amphibians of East Africa Nairobi Kenya Literature Bureau xii + 140 Kenya; Africa Journal Article Hedlund, B.;Shepherd, G. M. 1983 Biochemical studies on muscarinic receptors in the salamander olfactory epithelium FEBS Lett 162 2 428-31 Ambystoma; Animal; Epithelium/metabolism; Olfactory Mucosa/*metabolism; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate/metabolism; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects/*isolation & purification; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the olfactory epithelium of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, were studied via binding of 3- [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. The receptors are present on the olfactory receptor cells in the epithelium to an amount of 0.08 pmol/mg homogenate protein. Both choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholine esterase are present in the salamander olfactory epithelium. Journal Article Heisler, N.;G. Forcht, G. R. Ultsch;Anderson., J. F. 1982 Acid-base regulation in response to environmental hypercapnia in two aquatic salamanders, Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means Respiratory physiology 49 141-158 Journal Article Heldstab, A.;Bestetti, G. 1982 Spontaneous viral hepatitis in a spur-tailed mediterranean land tortoise (Testudo hermanni) J. Zoo Anim. Med. 13 113-120 Reptilia, testudines, spur-tailed mediterranean land tortoise,Testudo hermanni, infection, virus, hepatitis testu,vet,virus Fernl x Book Section Heldstab, A.;Bestetti, G. 1983 Virus enteritis in two boas (Boa constrictor) and a four-lined rat snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata) Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 33-37 Conference Proceedings Heldstab, A.;Bestetti, G. 1983 Virus enteritis in two boas (Boa constrictor) and a four-lined rat snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata) 1 33-37 Journal Article Heldstab, A.;Bestetti, G. 1984 Virus associated gastrointestinal diseases in snakes J. Zoo Anim. Med. 15 118-128 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, virus, enteritis serp,vet,virus Fernl x, 270390 MDL DGB Rept 93 Journal Article Heller, S. B. ;Halpern, M. 1981 Laboratory observations on conspecific and congeneric scent trailing in garter snakes (Thamnophis) Behav. Neural Biol. 33 372-377 Journal Article Heller, S. B.;Halpern, M. 1982 Laboratory observations of aggregative behavior of garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 96 6 967-83 Animal; Behavior, Animal/physiology; *Cues; Male; Snakes/*physiology; Spatial Behavior/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. A laboratory model of garter snake aggregation behavior is described. Snakes tested in groups of eight established preferred shelter locations and reliably returned to these locations as a group or as individuals when the test aquaria were left undisturbed between trials. When the aquaria were cleaned and the contents were replaced on each trial, preferred shelter locations were not established over trials; however, the snakes were found under shelters in large aggregates more frequently than would be expected by chance. It appears that the snakes deposit cues in the apparatus that are subsequently used to return to preferred locations. Manipulations of various objects in the test arena strongly indicated that the relevant cues are deposited on the paper underlying the preferred shelter. Journal Article Heller, S. B.;Halpern, M. 1982 Laboratory observations of aggregative behavior of garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis: roles of the visual, olfactory, and vomeronasal senses J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 96 6 984-99 Animal; Cues; Male; Olfactory Nerve/physiology; Smell/*physiology; Snakes/*physiology; Spatial Behavior/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Vision/*physiology Two experiments were conducted to determine (a) whether male garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) require a functional vomeronasal or olfactory system to return to previously preferred shelter locations and (b) the sensory modalities used by snakes to aggregate in the absence of previously deposited chemical cues. In Experiment 1, snakes with vomeronasal nerve lesions did not return to previously preferred shelter locations when tested individually. However, when tested with a group that included "control" animals, they returned to previously preferred shelters. The shelter-selection behavior of snakes with olfactory nerve lesions improved postoperatively, whereas the behavior of animals with sham lesions was unchanged. In Experiment 2, snakes were tested for aggregation in aquaria in which the substrate and other contents were cleaned between trials. After blindfolding or after olfactory nerve cuts, snakes aggregated at normal levels. When the snakes' vomeronasal ducts were sutured closed, aggregation scores were significantly depressed, although two of the three groups with vomeronasal duct sutures did aggregate just above chance levels. These studies indicate that use of chemical signals by garter snakes in shelter selection and aggregation is mediated by the vomeronasal system and that neither the olfactory nor the visual system is critical for these behaviors. Journal Article Hemelaar, A. S. M.;Gelder, J. J. Van 1980 Annual growth rings in phalanges of Bufo bufo (Anura, Amphibia) from the Netherlands and their use for age determination Netherlands Journal of Zoology 30 129-135 Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo bufo, morphology, growth, age determination, toe clipping, osteology Journal Article Hemelaar, A. S. M. 1981 Age determination of male Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Anura) from the Netherlands based on year rings in phalanges Amphibia-Reptilia 1 223-233 Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo bufo, morphology, growth, age determination, toe clipping, osteology, Netherlands Edited Book Hemmer, Helmut;Alcover, Josep Antoni 1984 Història Biològica del Ferreret (Life history of the Mallorcan Midwife Toad) Mallorca Editorial Moll 252 p. Journal Article Henderson, R. W.;Binder, M. H. 1980 The ecology and behavior of vine snakes (Ahaetulla, Oxybelis, Thelotornis, Uromacer): a review Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 37 1-38 reptiles, color, morphology, diet, feeding behavior, social Journal Article Henderson, Robert W.;Binder, Mary H. 1980 The ecology and behavior of vine snake (Ahaetulla, Oxybelis, Thelotornis, Uromacer): A review Contributions in Biology and Geology, Milwaukee Public Museum 37 1-38 Journal Article Henderson, R.W. 1980 Aggregating behavior and explotation of subterranean habiata by gravid eastern milksnakes (Lampropeltis t. triangulum) Milwaukee Public Museum publicaions 32 1-9 Journal Article Henderson, R. W.;Binder, M. H.;Sajdak, R. A. 1981 Ecological relationships of the tree snakes Uromacer catesbyi and U. oxyrhynchus (Colubridae) on Isla Saona, Republica Dominicana Amphibia-Reptilia 2 153-163 reptiles, arboreal, food, diet, niche, prey size Journal Article Henderson, R. W. 1982 Thermoregulation in an Hispaniolan tree snake, Uromacer catesbyi Journal of Herpetology 16 1 89-91 reptiles, snakes, temperature, thermal, Journal Article Henderson, Robert W. 1982 Trophic relationships and foraging strategies of some New World tree snakes (Leptophis, Oxybelis, Uromacer) Amphibia-Reptilia 3 71-80 Journal Article Henderson, Robert W.;Horn, Henry S. 1983 The diet of the snake Uromacer frenatus dorsalis on Ile de la Gonâve, Haiti Journal of Herpetology 17 4 409-412 Journal Article Henderson, R. W. 1984 The diet of the Hispaniolan snake Hypsirhynchus ferox (Colubridae) Amphibia-Reptilia 5 367-371 reptiles, snakes, food, Book Henderson, Robert W.;Schwartz, Albert 1984 A Guide to the Identification of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Hispaniola Milwaukee Milwaukee Public Museum 70 Journal Article Henderson, Robert W.;Schwartz, Albert 1984 Uromacer frenatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 357 1-2 Book Henderson, Robert W.;Schwartz, Albert;Incháustegui, Sixto J. 1984 Guía para la Identificación de los Anfibios y Reptiles de la Hispaniola Santo Domingo Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 130 Journal Article Hendricks, F. S.;Dixon, J. R. 1984 Population structure of Cnemidophorus tigris (Reptilia: Teiidae) east of the continental divide Southwestern Naturalist 29 1 137-140 reptiles, lizards, body size Journal Article Hendricks, Fred Samuel;Dixon, James R. 1984 Population structure of Cnemidophorus tigris (Reptilia: Teiidae) east of the Continental Divide Southwestern Naturalist 29 1 137-140 Journal Article Hendrickson, John R. 1980 The ecological strategies of sea turtles American Zoologist 20 597-608 Journal Article Hendrickson, L. P.;Hendrickson, J. R. 1981 A new method for marking sea turtles? Mar. Turtle Newsl. 19 6-7 Book Section Hendrickson, J.R. 1982 Nesting behavior of sea turtles with emphasis on physical and behavioral determinants of nesting success or failure Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 53-57 Book Section Hendrickson, L.P.;Hendrickson, J.R. 1983 Experimental marking of sea turtles by tissue modification al., D.W. Owens et Western Gulf of Mexico Sea Turtle Workshop Proceedings Office of Sea Grant, Texas A&M Univ. Publ. 30-33 Journal Article Hendriks, W.D.H. 1980 Gastrointestinal decontamination in healthy and lethally irradiated monkeys. Thesis,.Rijksuniversiteit.Groningen,.The.Netherlands..May.28TH,.1980. 137pp. monkeys rhesus monkeys animal model transplantation techniques bone/marrow immunology/transplantation immunology (graft vs host reactions) Journal Article Hendriks WDH. 1980 Gastrointestinal decontamination in healthy and lethally irradiated monkeys. Thesis,.Rijksuniversiteit.Groningen,.The.Netherlands..May.28TH,.1980. 137pp. monkeys rhesus monkeys animal model transplantation techniques bone/marrow immunology/transplantation immunology (graft vs host reactions) Journal Article Heney, H. W.;Stiffler, D. F. 1983 The effects of aldosterone on sodium and potassium metabolism in larval Ambystoma tigrinum Gen Comp Endocrinol 49 1 122-7 Aldosterone/*pharmacology; Ambystoma/*metabolism; Aminoglutethimide/pharmacology; Animal; Corticosterone/pharmacology; Ethanol/pharmacology; Kidney Tubules/drug effects/metabolism; Larva/metabolism; Potassium/*metabolism; Sodium/deficiency/*metabolism Electrolyte depletion resulting from 14 days in distilled water, which was changed daily, lowered plasma Na concentration from 108 to 92 mM. Aminoglutethimide was administered on each of the final 3 days of the depletion period in doses of 3 mg/animal. This further depressed Na to 75 mM. Both aldosterone (25 micrograms/animal) and corticosterone (200 micrograms/animal) returned plasma Na to 92 mM. Cortisone (200 micrograms/animal) was ineffective. There were no consistent patterns in plasma K. Renal clearance experiments showed that the same dose of aminoglutethimide decreased fractional tubular Na reabsorption and increased fractional tubular K reabsorption. Aldosterone reversed these trends suggesting that this hormone may play a role in controlling renal electrolyte excretion. Journal Article Henninger, J. M. 1982 Histology of the liver in the box turtle Anat. Rec. vet,histo,testu Senck n Journal Article Henwood, T.A. 1981 Loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, captured in Port Canaveral, August through November 1980 ASB Bull. 28 95 Caretta caretta Book Section Heppell, David 1981 The Evolution of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature History in the Service of Systematics London Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 135-141 Journal Article Herman, R. L. 1984 Ichthyophonus-like infection in newts (Notophthalmus viridescens Rafinesque) J Wildl Dis 20 1 55-6 Animal; Animals/*microbiology; Animals, Wild/*microbiology; Cysts/pathology/veterinary; Mycoses/pathology/*veterinary; *Notophthalmus viridescens; *Salamandridae; West Virginia; Zygomycotina Journal Article Hernandez, Thomas;Coulson, Roland A. 1980 Anaerobic glycolysis and repayment of oxygen debt in the alligator Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 67A 283-286 Journal Article Hernandez, T.;Coulson, R.A. 1980 Anaeorobic glycolysis and repayment of oxygen debt in the alligator Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 67A 283-286 AM, biochemistry, physiology, Journal Article Hershey, James L.;Forester, Don 1980 Sensory orientation in Notophthalmus v. viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae) Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 2 266-276 Journal Article Hershey, J. L.;Forester., D. C. 1980 Sensory orientation in Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae) Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 266-276 Journal Article Hertz, P. E. 1980 Responses to dehydration in Anolis lizards sampled along altitudinal transects Copeia 1980 3 440-446 reptiles, water, elevation, acclimation, Journal Article Hertz, P. E. 1980 Comparative physiological ecology of the sibling species Anolis cybotes and A. marcanoi Journal of Herpetology 14 1 92-95 Reptiles, lizards, anolis cybotes, marcanoi, comparative, temperature, CTMax, thermal limits, panting threshold, Dominican Republic Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Huey, R. B.;Nevo, E. 1980 Thermal dependence of defensive behavior in a lizard American Zoologist 20 4 791 temperature, reptiles, Journal Article Hertz, Paul E. 1980 Comparative physiological ecology of the sibling species, Anolis sybotes and A. marcanoi Journal of Herpetology 14 1 92-94 Anoles, physiology Journal Article Hertz, P. E. 1981 Adaptation to altitude in two West Indian anoles (Reptilia: Iguanidae): field termal biology and physiological ecology Journal of Zoology, London 195 25-37 reptiles, lizards, thermoregulation, behavior, temperature Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Huey, R. B. 1981 Compensation for altitudinal changes in the thermal environment by some Anolis lizards on Hispaniola Ecology 62 3 515-521 reptiles, basking, behavior, thermoregulation, temperature, CTMax, habitat shift Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Nevo, E. 1981 Thermal biology of four Israeli agamid lizards in early summer Israel Journal of Zoology 30 190-210 reptiles, temperature, thermoregulation, comparative Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Zouros, E. 1982 Genetic variability in two West Indian anoles (Reptilia, Iguanidae): relation to field thermal biology Journal of Zoology, London 196 499-518 reptiles, lizards, electrophoresis, thermal, temperature, theromregulation, Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Huey, R. E.;Nevo, E. 1982 Fight versus flight: body temperature influences defensive responses of lizards Animal Behaviour 30 676-679 Reptiles, lizards, Agama, defense, thermoregulation, behavior, performance Journal Article Hertz, Paul E.;Huey, R. B.;Nevo, E. 1982 Fight versus flight: body temperature influences defensive responses of lizards Animal Behavior 30 676-679. defensive behavior, thermoregulation, dependence, lizards Book Section Hertz, P. E. 1983 Eurythermy and niche breadth in West Indian Anolis lizards: a reappraisal Miyata, G. J. Rhodin and K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology--essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge, Mass Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard Univ.) 472-483 reptiles, lizards, behavior, temperature, thermal, phenotypes, thermoregulation, character release, displacement Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Huey, R. B.;Nevo, E. 1983 Homage to Santa Anita: thermal sensitivity of sprint speed in agamid lizards Evolution 37 5 1075-1084 reptiles, temperature, performance, behavior, Journal Article HESELHAUS, R. 1983 The problem of match legs in propagated Dendrobatids Zum Problem der Streichholzvorderbeine bei Dendrobatiden-nachzuchten Herpetofauna 5 26 22-24 Amphibia, anura, dendrobates, pathology, SMUD, match legs After the metamorphosis the young frogs have weakly developed, thin and stiff front legs. The author describes one pair of D. tricolor in which the problem occurred in all nests, despite changes in food, vitamins or water quality. A genetic defect is supposed. Journal Article Heselhaus*?, R. 1983 The problem of "match-legs" in the breeding of dentrobatidae. (Germ.) Zum Problem der "Streichholzvorderbeine" bei Dendrobatidaenachzuchten. Herpetofauna Amphibia, anura, dendrobates, disease, match legs, SMUD, Journal Article Hetherington, T. E.;Lombard, R. E. 1983 Mechanisms of underwater hearing in larval and adult tiger salamanders Ambystoma tigrinum Comp Biochem Physiol A 74 3 555-9 Acoustic Stimulation; Air; Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Electrophysiology; Fresh Water; Hearing/*physiology; *Immersion; Mouth; Pressure; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. A standing wave tube apparatus was used to determine the biophysical basis of underwater hearing in Ambystoma tigrinum. 2. A. tigrinum responds to the pressure component of underwater sound, and the mouth cavity appears responsible for transduction of sound pressure. 3. Near- field displacements produced by pulsations of the air-filled mouth cavity apparently stimulate the inner ear. 4. Salamander head preparations with no air-filled mouth cavity respond to the particle motion component of underwater sound, but only at sound pressure levels 40 dB or more above levels producing clear pressure sensitivity in intact salamanders or head preparations including an air-filled mouth cavity. Journal Article Heyer, W. R. 1980 The calls and taxonomic positions of Hyla giesleri and Ololygon opalina (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 3 655-661 amphibians, calling, taxonomy, audiospectrograms, Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1980 The calls and taxonomic positions of Hyla giesleri and Oloygon opalina (Amphibia: Anura: hylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 3 655-661 Book Section Heyer, W. Ronald;Maxson, Linda R. 1982 Distributions, Relationships, and Zoogeography of lowland frogs: The Leptodactylus complex in South America, with special reference to Amazonia Prance, Ghillean T. Biological Diversification in the Tropics New York City Columbia University Press 375-388 Journal Article Heyer, W. R.;Maxson, L. R. 1982 Neotropical frog biogeography: Paradigms and problems American Zoologist 22 397-410 distributions, Cycloramphus, Leptodactylus, Amphibia, Anura, frog Book Section Heyer, W. R.;Maxson, L. R. 1982 Distributions, relationships, and zoogeography of lowland frogs: The Leptodactylus complex in South America, with special reference to Amazonia Prance, G. T. Biological diversification in the tropics New York Columbia University Press 375-388 amphibians, relationships Journal Article Heyer, W. R. 1982 Two new species of the frog genus Hylodes from Caparao, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 2 377-385 amphibians, morphology, distribution, taxonomy, review Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald;Daugherty, Charles H.;Maxson, Linda R. 1982 Systematic resolution of the genera of the Crinia complex (Amphibia: Anura: Myobatrachidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 3 423-427 Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1982 Two new species of the frog genus Hylodes from Caparaó, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 2 377-385 Hylodes babax n. sp.; Hylotes vanzolinii n. sp. Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1983 Clarification of the names Rana mystacea Spix, 1824, Leptodactylus amazonicus Heyer, 1978 and a description of a new species, Leptodactylus spixi (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 2 270-272 Journal Article Heyer, W. R.;Maxson, L. R. 1983 Relationships, zoogeography, and speciation mechanisms of frogs of the genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) Arquivos de Zoologia 30 5 342-373 Anura, ecology, competition, phylogeny, speciation Journal Article Heyer, W. R. 1983 Notes on the frog genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), with descriptions of two new species Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 4 548-559 Anura, taxonomy, advertising call, vocalization, calling, distribution, Cycloramphus izecksohni, cedrensis, description, morphology, tadpole, larvae Journal Article Heyer, W. R.;Pyburn, W. F. 1983 Leptodactylus riveroi, a new frog species from Amazonia, South America (Anura: Leptodactylidaez) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 3 560-566 Amphibia, morphology, calling, vocalization, distribution Journal Article Heyer, W. R.;Pyburn, W. F. 1983 Leptodactylus riveroi, a new frog species from Amazonia, South America (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 3 560-566 amphibians, morphology, distribution, taxonomy, color, call Journal Article Heyer, W. R. 1983 Variation and systematics of frogs of the genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo 30 4 235-339 amphibians, relationships, phylogeny, distribution, development, morphology, taxonomy, Journal Article Heyer, W. R. 1983 Clarification of the names of Rana mystacea Spix, 1824, Leptodactylus amazonicus Heyer, 1978 and a description of a new species, Leptodactylus spixi (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 2 270-272 amphibians, morphology, distribution, taxonomy, Journal Article Heyer, W. R.;Maxson, L. R. 1983 Relationships, zoogeography, and specieation mechanisms of frogs of the genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo 30 5 341-373 amphibians, frogs, distribution, phylogeny Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1983 Variation and Systematics of Frogs of the genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) Arquivos de Zoologia 30 4 235-339 Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald;Maxson, Linda R. 1983 Relationships, Zoogeography, and Speciation Mechanisms of Frogs of the Genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) Arquivos de Zoologia 30 5 341-373 Journal Article Heyer, W. R. 1983 Notes on the frog genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), with descriptions on two new species Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96 548-559 Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1984 The systematic status of Adenomera griseigularis Henle, with comments on systematic problems in the genus Adenomera (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 5 1984 Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1984 Variation, systematics, and zoogeography of Eleutherodactylus guentheri and closely related species (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 402 1-42 epipedus erythromerus gualteri nasutus oeus new species cycloramphus Journal Article Heymann, H. 1981 Analysis of coprological tests and post-mortem examinations of zoo animals of Zoological garden of Halle, 1976 through 1980 Erkr. der Zootiere 23 353-357 070690 MDL DGB Journal Article Heymann H. 1981 Analysis of coprological tests and post-mortem examinations of zoo animals of Zoological garden of Halle, 1976 through 1980 Erkr. der Zootiere 23 353-357 070690 MDL DGB Journal Article Hibberd, P. 1980 Hibernation difficulties in a tortoise Testudo 1 3 22-23 testu,vet WP x Journal Article Hickenlooper, Selden 1983 Tort-Group report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 39 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Hidalgo, Hugo 1983 Two new species of Abronia (Sauria: Anguidae) from the cloud forests of El Salvador Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 105 1-11 Abronia salvadorensis sp. nov.; New species; Abronia montecristoi sp. nov.; El Salvador Journal Article Hikida, T.. 1981 Reproduction of the Japanese skink (Eumeces latiscutatus) in Kyoto Zoological Magazine 90 85-92 68, skink, Scincidae, Eumeces, reproduction, Japan Book Section Hildebrand, H.H. 1982 A historical review of the status of sea turtle populations in the western Gulf of Mexico Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 447-453 Book Section Hildebrand, H.H. 1983 Random notes on sea turtles in the western Gulf of Mexico D.W. Owens, D. Crowell, G. Dienderg, M. Grassman, S. McCain, Y. Morris, N. Schwantes, T. Wibbels Western Gulf of Mexico Sea Turtle Workshop Proceedings Office of Sea Grant, Texas A&M Univ. 34-40 Journal Article Hiller, A. 1984 Veterinary experiences in the breeding of the european terrapin (Emys orbicularis)..Tierärztliche Erfahrungen bei der Zucht der Europäischen Sumpfschildkröte (Emys orbicularis) D. Zool. Garten N.f. 54 2 128-130 Reptiliia, testudines, Emys orbicularis, breeding, propagation, diseases, pathology testu,zucht,vet Fernl x Journal Article Hiller, A. 1984 Veterinary experiences in the breeding of the european terrapin (Emys orbicularis).Tierärztliche Erfahrungen bei der Zucht der Europäischen Sumpfschildkröte (Emys orbicularis) D. Zool. Garten N.f. 54 2 128-130 Reptiliia, testudines, Emys orbicularis, breeding, propagation, diseases, pathology Journal Article Hillery, Cynthia M.;Narins, Peter M. 1984 Neurophysiological evidence for a traveling wave in the amphibian inner ear Science 225 1037-1039 Book Section Hillestad, H.O., J.I. Richardson, C. McVea Jr., J.M. Watson Jr. 1982 Worldwide incidental capture of sea turtles Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 489-495 Journal Article Hillis, D. M. 1982 Book review: Herpetology of Africa ASC Newsletter 10 6 77-78 reptiles, amphibians Journal Article Hillis, D. M.;Campbell, S. L. 1982 New localities for Tantilla rubra cucullata (Colubridae) and the distribution of its two morphotypes Southwestern Naturalist 27 2 220-221 Reptiles, snakes, locality, Texas, specimens Journal Article Hillis, David M. 1982 Morphological differentiation and adaptation of the larvae of Rana berlandieri and Rana sphenocephala (Rana pipiens complex) in sympatry Copeia 1982 1 168-174 Journal Article Hillis, D. M.;Frost, J. S.;Wright, D. A. 1983 Phylogeny and biogeography of the Rana pipiens complex: A biochemical evaluation Systematic Zoology 32 2 132-143 sympatry, hybridization, cladistics, electrophoresis, Amphibia, Anura, leopard frog, Ranidae Journal Article Hillis, D. M.;Frost, D. R.;Frost, J. S. 1983 Allocation and distribution of Rana trilobata Mocquard Journal of Herpetology 17 1 73-75 amphibians, frogs, taxonomy Journal Article Hillis, D. M.;Frost, J. S.;Webb, R. G. 1984 A new species of frog of the Rana tarahumarae group from southwestern Mexico Copeia 2 398-403 Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, description, Rana zweifeli, distribution, morphology, electrophoresis, chromosomes Journal Article Hillis, D. M.;Hillis, A. M.;Martin, R. F. 1984 Reproductive ecology and hybridization of the endangered Houston toad (Bufo houstonensis) Journal of Herpetology 18 1 56-72 amphibians, breeding, temperature, body size Journal Article Hillman, S. S. 1980 The effect of anemia on metamorphic performance in the frog, Rana pipiens. Journal of Experimental Zoology 211 107-111 Journal Article Himstedt, Werner;Roth, Gerhard 1980 Neuronal responses in the Tectum Opticum of Salamandra to visual prey stimuli Journal of Comparative Physiology A 135 251-257 Journal Article Himstedt, Werner;Kopp, J.;Schmidt, W. 1982 Electroreception guides feeding behaviour in amphiians Naturwissenschaften 69 552 Journal Article Hines, T.C.;Woodward, A.R. 1980 Nuisance alligator control in Florida Wildl. Soc. Bull. 8 3 234-241 AM, management, attack, FL Journal Article Hinton, D. E.;Stoner, L. C.;Burg, M.;Trump, B. F. 1982 Heterogeneity in the distal nephron of the salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum): a correlated structure function study of isolated tubule segments Anat Rec 204 1 21-32 Animal; Kidney Tubules/*anatomy & histology/physiology/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Nephrons/*anatomy & histology/physiology/ultrastructure; Perfusion; Urodela/*anatomy & histology/physiology Studies on isolated perfused tubules of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) have shown that the distal nephron is heterogeneous with respect to function (Stoner, 1977). In this study, the initial portion of the distal tubule (diluting segment) exhibited a voltage, positive in the lumen, and a net absorption of chloride. Since the chloride was transported against an electro-chemical gradient, its transport was active. More distad, the junctional segment exhibited a lumen-negative voltage and sodium, rather than chloride, was transported actively. More recently Delaney and Stoner (1981) have demonstrated in vitro that the collecting duct of this species also has a lumen-negative voltage which is probably associated with active sodium reabsorption. The primary objective of the present paper was to correlate the morphology of the diluting and junctional segments of the Ambystoma distal tubules with the physiologic data from the same isolated perfused tubules. The results indicate that the morphological heterogeneity previously demonstrated in distal tubules of Necturus exists with respect to both structure and function in Ambystoma. The cell types found in the amphibian distal nephron appear to be homologous to those seen in the mammalian nephron. Journal Article Hird, D. W.;S. L. Diesch, R. G. McKinnel, E. Gorham, F. B. Martin, S. W. Kurtz;Dulbrovolny., C. 1981 Aeromonas hydrophila in wild-caught frogs and tadpoles (Rana pipiens) in Minnesota Lab. Anim. Sci. 31 166-169 Journal Article Hird, D. W.;S. L. Diesch, R. G. McKinnell, E. Gorham, F. B. Martin, S. W. Kurtz;Dubrovolny., C. 1981 Aeromonas hydrophila in wild-caught frogs and tadpoles (Rana pipiens) in Minnesota Lab. Anim. Sci. 31 166-169 Journal Article Hirth, Harold F. 1980 Chelonia mydas Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 249 1-4 Journal Article Hirth, Harold F. 1980 Chelonia Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 248 1-2 Journal Article Hitz, R. 1983 Care and breeding of Trachydosaurus rugosus GRAY, 1827 in the terrarium (Sauria: Scincidae). Pflege und Nachzucht von Trachydosaurus rugosus GRAY, 1827 im Terrarium (Sauria: Scincidae) Salamandra 198-210 Reptilia, sauria, scincidae,Trachydosaurus rugosus , propagation, management, feeding echsen,zucht,vit IB x Journal Article Ho, Shuk-Mei;L'Italien, J.;Callard, I. P. 1980 Studies on reptilian yolk: Chrysemys vitellogen and phosvitin Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65B 139-144 Book Section Hocquet, Paul 1983 Role jour par les ophidiens et les amphibiens en pathologie parasitaire humaine Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 91-93 Journal Article Hocquet, P 1983 Role joué par les ophidiens et les amphibiens en pathologie parasitaire humaine Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 91-93 Reptilia, serpentes, snake, infection, arachnoidea, pentastome, amphibia, nbematode, Gnathostoma Journal Article Hodrova, Marcela 1981 Beitrag zur Biometrie der Erdkröte, Bufo bufo (Amphibia, Bufonidae) Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke 45 35-46 Journal Article HOFF, G. L.;FRYE, F.L.;JACOBSON, E.R. 1984 Diseases of amphibians and reptiles New York, Plenum Press Reptilia, amphibia, pathology, survey, diseases, HANDBOOK vet,vit,testu,serp,echsen,kroko,lurch Fernl a Journal Article Hoffman, Richard L. 1980 Pseudacris brachyphona Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 234 1-2 Journal Article Hoffman, W.;Fritts, T.H. 1982 Sea turtle distribution along the boundary of the Gulf Stream current off eastern Florida Herpetologica 38 405-409 Journal Article Hoffman, Richard L. 1983 Pseudacris brimleyi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 311 1-2 Journal Article Hoffner, Nancy J.;DiBerardino, Marie A. 1980 Developmental potential of somatic nuclei transplanted into meiotic oocytes of Rana pipiens Science 209 517-519 Journal Article Hoge, A. R.;Hoge, S. Alma Romano 1980-1981 Notes on micro and ultrastructure of "Oberhautschen" in Viperoidea Memoires Instituto Butantan 44/45 81-118 Journal Article Hohman, Judy P.;Ohmart, Robert D.;Schwartzmann, James 1980 An annotated bibliography of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) Desert Tortoise Council Special Publications 1980 1 1-121 agassizii Book Hohman, J.;Ohmart, R.D. 1980 Ecology of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) on the Beaver Dam Slope, Arizona Phoenix, AZ Bureau of Land Mangement Journal Article Hollander, Paul 1983 Herp Breeding in North America - 1981 Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 2 11-13 Book Section Hollands, M. 1984 The status of crocodile populations in Papua New Guinea Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 1-23 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan;Richards, Ronald L. 1981 Late Pleistocene occurrence in southern Indiana of the smooth green snake, Opheodrys vernalis Journal of Herpetology 15 1 123-125 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1981 A herpetofauna from an eastern extension of the Harrison Formation (Early Miocene: Arikareean), Cherry County, Nebraska Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1 1 49-56 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan;Sullivan, Robert M. 1981 A small herpetofauna from the Type Section of the Valentine Formation (Miocene: Barstovian), Cherry County, Nebraska Journal of Paleontology 55 1 138-144 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1981 A review of North American Pleistocene Snakes Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University, Paleontological Series 1 7 261-306 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1981 Fossil amphibians and reptiles of Nebraska and Kansas National Geographic Society Research Reports 13 253-262 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1982 A fossil snake (Elaphe vulpina ) from a Pliocene Ash Bed in Nebraska Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 10 37-42 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1982 Palaeophis casei, new species, a tiny palaeophid snake from the Early Eocene of Mississippi J. Vert. Paleont. 2 2 163-166 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1982 New herpetological species and records from the Norden Bridge Fauna (Miocene: Late Barstovian) Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 10 31-36 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1982 The Pleistocene (Kansan) herpetofauna of Trout Cave, West Virginia Annals of Carnegie Museum 51 20 391-404 Journal Article Holman, J. A. 1982 A fossil snake (Elaphe vulpina) from a Pliocene ash bed in Nebraska Transactions Of The Nebraska Academy Of Sciences 10 37-42 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1984 Texasophis galbreathi, new species, the earliest New World Colubrid snake Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 3 4 223-225 Journal Article Holmback, E. 1981 Reproduction of the brown caiman, Caiman crocodilus fuscus at san Antonio Zoo Int. Zoo Yrb 21 77-79 Reptilia, crocodylia, Caiman crocodilus fuscus, propagation, reproduction Reprint Endnote 93/718 Journal Article Holomuzki, J. R.;Collins, J. P. 1983 Diel movement of larvae of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum Journal of Herpetology 17 3 276-278 amphibians, activity, trapping Journal Article Holt, P. E. 1980 Worm infestations in tortoises: Part1: Diagnosis Testudo 1 3 10-14 Reptilia, infection, helminth, therapy testu,vet,paras WP x Journal Article Holt, P. E. 1982 Worm infestation in tortoises. Part 2: treatment Testudo 2 1 22-25 Reptilia, infection, helminth, therapy, testu,vet,paras PF,WP x Journal Article Holt, P. E.;Lawrence, K. 1982 Efficacy of fenbendazole against the nematodes of reptiles Veterinary Record 110 302-304 Book Section Honegger, R.E. 1982 Breeding crocodiles in captivity, a retrospect 1960-1980 Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 286-297 Journal Article Honegger, René 1983 Breeding endangered species of amphibians and reptiles: Some critial remarks and suggestions British Journal of Herpetology 6 113-118 conservation Journal Article Honegger, René E. 1984 Beiträge zur biologie von Hydrodynastes gigas im Terrarium (Serpentes, Colubridae) Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 237-244 Book Section Honig, Lawrence S. 1984 Pattern formation during development of the Amniote limb Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 197-221 Journal Article Hoogmoed, M. S. 1980 Revision of the genus Atractus in Surinam, with the ressurection of two species (Colubridae, Reptilia). Notes on the Herpetofauna of Surinam VII. Zoologische Verhandelingen 175 1-47 + 6 plates (1 in color) Surinam; Atractus; Systematics; Key Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1980 Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana VIII Lacerta 38 10-11 112-116 Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1980 Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana VII Lacerta 38 9 88-95 Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1980 Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana VI Lacerta 38 8 76-80 Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1980 Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana V Lacerta 38 7 62-65 Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1980 Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana IV Lacerta 38 6 49-56 Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1980 Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana III Lacerta 38 5 41-48 Journal Article Hoogmoed, M. S. 1981 Introduced species of reptiles in Surinam. Notes on the herpetofauna of Surinam VIII Amphibia-Reptilia 1 3/4 277-285 Journal Article Hoogmoed, M. S. 1982 Nomenclatural problems relating to Atractus trilineatus Wagler, 1828 Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 56 10 131-138 Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1982 Snakes of the Guianan region Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 219-254 Journal Article Hoogmoed, M. S.;Gruber, U. 1983 Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands) Spixiana 9 319-415 holotypes Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S.;Gruber, Ulrich 1983 Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Lieden (The Netherlands) Spixiana Suppl. 9 319-415, 1 plate Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S.;Crumly, Charles R. 1984 Land tortoise types in the Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlijke Historie with comments on nomenclature and systematics (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae) Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 58 15 241-259 Journal Article Hoogmoed, M. S.;Lescure, J. 1984 A new genus and two new species of minute leptodactylid frogs from northewrn South America, with comments upon Phyzelaphryne (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) Zoologische Mededelingen 58 85-113 Journal Article Hoover, Frank 1981 1981 annual review: Profile of recipient, Dr. Ross Hardy Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 14-15 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Hoover, Frank 1981 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 53 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Hoover, Frank 1982 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 81 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Hoover, Frank 1983 Major activities of the Desert Tortoise Council in 1982 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 2 gopherus agassizii Edited Book Hopkins, S. R.;Richardson, J. I. 1984 A recovery plan for marine turtles Washington, D.C. Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv. 355 pp. Journal Article Hoppe, D. M.;Pettus, D. 1984 Developmental features influencing color polymorphism in chorus frogs Journal of Herpetology 18 2 113-120 coloration, Amphibia, Anura, Pseudacris triseriata, Hylidae, growth, survivorship, eggs, embryogenesis, metamorphosis, populations, selection Journal Article Hopson, James A. 1983 Book review: Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals Science 219 49-50 Conference Proceedings HOQUET, P. 1983 Role joue par les ophidiens et les amphibiens en pathologie parasitaire humaine 1 91-93 Journal Article Hoquet, P. 1983 The role of snakes and amphibians in the parasitic pathology of man Role joue par les ophidiens et les amphibiens an pathologie parasitair humaine C.r. 1er Coll. Int. Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens. Angers. 91-93 Reptilia, amphibia, infection. helminth, pentastome Journal Article Horwitz, J.;Piatigorsky, J. 1980 Evolutionary and developmental differences in delta-crystallin from bird and reptile lenses Circular dichroism and fluorescence studies Biochim Biophys Acta 624 1 21-9 Age Factors; Alligators and Crocodiles/genetics; Animal; Birds/*genetics; Chick Embryo; Chickens/genetics; Circular Dichroism; Comparative Study; Crystallins/*genetics/isolation & purification; Ducks/genetics; *Evolution; Isoelectric Focusing; Protein Conformation; Quail/genetics; Reptiles/*genetics; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turkeys/genetics Journal Article Hota, A. K.;Dash., M. C. 1981 Growth and metamorphosis of Rana tigrina larvae: effects of food level and larval density Oikos 37 349-352 Journal Article Hota, A. K.;Dash., M. C. 1983 Evidence of interspecific predation among larval anurans: predation of Rana tigrina larvae on Bufo melanostictus larvae Biol. Bull. India 5 54-55 Journal Article Houck, Lynne D. 1982 Male tail loss and courship success in the plethodontid salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus Journal of Herpetology 16 4 335-340 Journal Article Houck, Lynne D. 1982 Growth rates and age at maturity for the Plethodontid salamander, Bolitoglossa subpalmata Copeia 1982 2 474-478 Journal Article Houck, Lynne D.;Schwenk, Kurt 1984 The potential for long-term sperm competition in a plethodontid salamander Herpetologica 40 4 410-415 Journal Article House, Susan M.;Spellerberg, Ian F. 1983 Ecology and conservation of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis L.) habitat in southern England Journal of Applied Ecology 20 417-437 Journal Article Houseal, T. W.;Bickham, J. W.;Springer, M. D. 1982 Geographic variation in the yellow mud turtle, Kinosternon flavescens Copeia 1982 3 567-580 Reptiles, turtles, distribution, biogeography, taxonomy, phenogram, relationships, phylogeny, sex, specimens Journal Article Howard, R. D. 1980 Mating behaviour and mating success in woodfrogs, Rana sylvatica Animal Behaviour 28 705-716 Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, eggs, sexual receptivity, maturation, breeding season Journal Article Howard, James H.;Wallace, Richard L. 1980 Effects of altitude on selected blood parameters in populations of the salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65A 243-245 Journal Article Howard, R. D. 1980 Mating behavior and mating success in wood-frogs, Rana sylvatica Animal Behaviour 28 705-716 Journal Article Howard, Richard D. 1980 Mating behavior and mating success in woodfrogs Rana sylvatica Animal Behaviour 28 705-716 Sexual selection, Rana sylvatica, Anura, Amphibia, size Journal Article Howard, Richard D. 1981 Sexual dimorphism in bullfrogs Ecology 62 2 303-310 Journal Article Howard, Chris J. 1984 Breeding the mangrove snake (Boiga dendrophila) at Twycross Zoo Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 271-275 Journal Article Howard, Richard D. 1984 Alternative mating behaviors of young male Bullfrogs American Zoologist 24 397-406 Journal Article Hödl, Walter 1981 Film C 1891: Physalaemus ephippifer (Leptodactylidae): Foam nest construction Begleitveroffentlichungen zu wissenschaftlichen Filmen 38/39 September 29-35 film summary, review, calling, vocalization, larval development Journal Article Hödl, Walter 1983 Phyllobates femoralis (Dendrobatidae): Rufverhalten und akustische Orientierung der Männchen (Freilandaufnahman) Wiss. Film 30 12-19 Journal Article Hruban, Z.;Maschagan. E.R. 1982 A Hepatocellular Adenoma in a Rattlesnake. J. Comp. Path. 92 429 Reptilia, serpentes, rattlesnake, pathology, tumor, liver, adenoma Journal Article Hu, Qi-xiong 1980 [The anatomy of the nervous system of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Reptilia: Sauria)] Acta Herpetologica Sinica 4 2 1-12 Journal Article Hu, Qixiong;Jiang, Yaoming;Zhao, Ermi 1984 [A study on taxonomic status of Shinisaurus crocodilurus] Acta Herpetologica Sinica 4 2 1-7 Journal Article Huang, C.-c. 1982 Protecting our rare Yangtze alligator China Reconstructs 21 1 74-75 AS, conservation, distribution, China Edited Book Huang, Mei-hua;Qu, Yun-fang 1983 [Hundred-pace Viper, Agkistrodon acutus] Beijing Science Press (2), viii, 196, 1 plate Book Section Huang_Chu-chien 1982 The ecology of the Chinese alligator and changes in its geographical distribution Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 54-62 Journal Article Huang_Chu-chien 1982 Protecting our rare Yangtze alligator China Reconstructs 21 1 74-75 AS, conservation, distribution, China Journal Article Huang_Z. 1981 The Chinese alligator Oryx 16 2 139-140 AS, conservation, China Journal Article HUBBARD, G.B. 1981 Aeromonas hydrophyla infection in Xenopus laevis Lab Anim. Sci. 31 297-300 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis infection, red leg, Aeromonas hydrophyla, therapy, prophylaxis Journal Article Hudson, R. L.;Schultz, S. G. 1984 Sodium-coupled sugar transport: effects on intracellular sodium activities and sodium-pump activity Science 224 4654 1237-9 Animal; Biological Transport, Active; Carbohydrates/*metabolism; Cell Membrane/metabolism; Galactose/metabolism; Intestine, Small/metabolism; Ion Channels/metabolism/*physiology; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus; Sodium/metabolism/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Intracellular sodium activities, (Na)c, were determined in Necturus small intestine before and after addition of galactose to the mucosal bathing solution. In the absence of galactose, (Na)c averaged 12 millimoles per liter. Within 2 minutes after the addition of galactose to the mucosal solution, (Na)c increased to a mean value of 20 millimoles per liter and then declined, in parallel with an increase in transcellular sodium transport, to a value that did not differ significantly from that observed in the absence of the sugar. The final steady state in the presence of galactose was characterized by a three- to fourfold increase in the rate of transcellular Na+ transport in the absence of a significant increase in (Na)c. Thus, the increase in steady-state basolateral pump activity cannot be attributed to an increase in the intracellular sodium transport pool. Journal Article Hudspeth, A. J. 1982 The recovery of local transepithelial resistance following single-cell lesions Exp Cell Res 138 2 331-42 Animal; Cell Movement; Electrophysiology; Epithelium/*physiology; In Vitro; Intercellular Junctions/*physiology; Kinetics; Microscopy, Interference; Necturus; Notophthalmus viridescens; Permeability; Wound Healing Journal Article Huey, D. W.;Beitinger, T. L. 1980 Toxicity of nitrite to larvae of the salamander Ambystoma texanum Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 25 6 909-12 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Chlorides/pharmacology; Larva; Lethal Dose 50; Nitrites/*toxicity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Huey, R. B. 1980 Sprint velocity of tadpoles (Bufo boreas) through metamorphosis Copeia 1980 537-540 Journal Article Huey, Raymond B.;Pianka, Eric R. 1981 Ecological consequences of foraging mode Ecology 62 4 991-999 Journal Article Huey, R. B.;Hertz, P. E. 1982 Effects of body size and slope on sprint speed of a lizard (Stellio (Agama) stellio) Journal of Experimental Biology 97 401-409 reptiles, lizards, Stellio stellio, body size, slope, locomotion, sprint speed, Book Section Huey, R. B. 1983 Natural variation in body temperature and physiological performance in a lizard (Anolis cristatellus). Miyata, G. J. Rhodin and K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology--essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge, Mass Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard Univ.) 484-490 reptiles, lizards, Anolis cristatellus, Puerto Rico, sprint speed, performance, activity, behavior, temperature selection, locomotion, CTMax, performance breadth Book Section Huey, R. B.;Pianka, E. R. 1983 Temporal separation of activity and interspecific dietary overlap Huey, R. B. and Pianka, E. R. and Schoener, T. W. Lizard Ecology Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press 477-479 reptiles, lizards, evolution, thermal, temperature, Edited Book Huey, Raymond B.;Pianka, Eric R.;Schoener, Thomas W. 1983 Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism Cambridge, MA Harvard x, 501 Journal Article Huey, R. B.;Hertz, P. E. 1984 Is a jack-of-all-temperatures a master of none? Evolution 38 2 441-444 Temperature, reptiles, lizards, evolution, specialist, generalist, performance curves Journal Article Huey, R. B.;Bennett, A. F.;Joun-Alder, H.;Nagy, K. A. 1984 Locomotor capacity and foraging behaviour of Kalahari lacertid lizards Animal Behaviour 32 41-50 Reptiles, lizards, lacertids, locomotion, performance, foraging behavior, Kalahari, Africa, load locomotion, feeding, capacity endurance, speed Journal Article Huey, Raymond B.;Bennett, Albert F.;John-Alder, Henry;Nagy, Kenneth A. 1984 Locomotor capacity and foraging behaviour of Kalaharu lacertid lizards Animal Behaviour 32 41-50 Journal Article Huff, Ron 1981 The MX missile project Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 16-22 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Huff, Thomas A. 1984 The husbandry and propagation of the Madagascar ground boa, Acrantophis dumerili in captivity Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 255-269 Book Section Hughes, G.R. 1980 Sea turtle research in Maputaland Studies on the Ecology of Maputaland Rhodes Univ. & Wildl. Soc. 288-292 Book Section Hughes, G.R. 1982 Nesting cycles in sea turtles--typical or atypical? Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 81-89 Book Section Hughes, G.R. 1982 Conservation of sea turtles in the southern Africa region Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 397-404 Journal Article Hughes, Lee E. 1983 A grazing system in the Mohave Desert Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 14-15 gopherus agassizii Book Section Hughes, G.R. 1984 Saving Tongaland's turtles Mundy, P.J. Proceedings of the Symposium "The Extinction Alternative" Pretoria 91-103 Journal Article Huheey, James E. 1980 Studies in Warning Coloration and Mimicry VIII. Further Evidence foraFrequency-Dependent model of Predation Journal of Herpetology 14 3 223-230 Mimicry Journal Article Hulse, Arthur C. 1981 Ecology and reproduction of the parthenogenetic lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens (Teiidae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 50 14 353-369 Cnemidophorus uniparens; Parthenogenesis; Reproduction; Ecology; Arizona; Daily activity; Home range Book Section Hunt, R.H. 1980 Propagation of Morelet's crocodile Collins, Murphy & Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Lawrence 161-166 CM, captive breeding Conference Proceedings Hunt, R.H. and Watanabe, M.E. 1980 Maternal-offspring interactions of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis (Abstract only) Thesis Hunt, J.E. 1981 The relationship between digestion and body temperature in Crocodylus porosus Schneider 97 Journal Article Hunt, R. Howard;Watanabe, Myrna E. 1982 Observations on maternal behavior of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis Journal of Herpetology 16 3 235-239 Journal Article Hunt, L. E. 1983 A nomenclatural rearrangement of the genus Anniella (Sauria: Anniellidae) Copeia 1983 1 79-89 Reptiles, legless lizards, taxonomy, relationships, holotype, distribution, museum specimens, morphology, description Journal Article Hurlbert, Stuart H. 1984 Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments Ecological Monographs 54 187-211 experimental desing Journal Article Husband, G. 1980 Tortoises and veterinary surgeons Testudo 1 3 73-75 testu,zucht,vet WP x Journal Article Hussein, J.;Al, Badry, J.K.S.;Bashtar, R.M. 1980 Blood characteristics of the land tortoise Testudo kleinmanni, and the marine turtle Chelonia mydas Bull. Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ Reptilia, testudines,Testudo kleinmanni, marine turtle,Chelonia mydas, blood, values testu,vet,chem Fernl x Journal Article Hutchison, V. H. 1980 The concept of critical thermal maximum American Journal of Physiology 237 5 R367-R368 Critical thermal maximum, CTMax Journal Article Hutchison, V. H.;Erskine, D. J. 1981 Thermal selection and prostaglandin E1 fever in the salamander Necturus maculosus Herpetologica 37 4 195-198 Amphibians, salamanders, Necturus maculosus, fever, hyperthermia, prostaglandin E1, thermal selection, temperature Journal Article Hutchison, V. H.;Miller, K.;Gratz, R. K. 1981 The anaerobic contribution to sustained activity inthe giant toad Bufo marinus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 69A 693-696 Amphibians, toads, Bufo marinus, anaerobic, lactate concentration, temperature Journal Article Hutchison, J.H.;Bramble, D.M. 1981 Homology of the plastral scales of the Kinosternidae and related turtles Herpetologica 37 2 73-85 Journal Article Hutchison, V. H.;Erskine., D. J. 1981 Thermal selection and prostglandin E1 fever in the salamander Necturus maculosus Herpetologica 37 195-198 Journal Article Hutchison, V. H. 1982 Physiological ecology of the Telmatobiid frogs of Lake Titicaca National Geographic Society Research Reports 14 357-367 Amphibians, frogs, Telmatobius culeus, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, temperature, respiratory adaptations Journal Article Hutchison, V. H.;Hazard, E. S. 1984 Erythrocytic organic phosphates: Diel and seasonal cycles in the frog, Rana berlandieri Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 79A 4 533-538 Amphibians, frogs, Rana berlandieri, erythrocytic organic phosphates, diel, seasonal, photoperiod, acclimation Journal Article Hutton, J.M. 1982 Nile crocodile in Zimbabwe ARC, NYZS, Ann. Rep. 41 CNL, distribution, Africa Journal Article Hutton, J.M. 1982 Home range and territoriality in the Nile Crocodile Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 199-201 CNL, agonistic, movement, size, Africa Thesis Hutton, J.M. 1984 The population biology of the nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768, at Ngezi, Zimbabwe 501 Conference Proceedings Ibanez, L.M.;Diaz, R.P.;Olivares, L.V. 1981 Observaciones preliminares sobre la bioecolopia del lagarto blanco (Caiman crocodylus L) en la cuenca del Rio Samiria 107-123 Journal Article Idoko, A.;Ikwueke, K. 1984 Snakebite in the tropics: experience in Makurdi, Nigeria Trop Geogr Med 36 2 175-80 Between July 1976 and June 1977, 175 cases, reported to be snakebite, were admitted to the General Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria; of these 112 cases were presumed to have been injected with snake venom, but only 90 patients received antivenom. 23 patients received blood transfusion. 10 patients died, giving a case fatality rate of 5.7%. No patient reacted to the antivenom. Working guidelines are provided for the management of snakebite in tropical West Africa. Journal Article Iibuchi, Y. 1984 [An anatomical study of the oral glands of Varanus selebes] Shigaku 72 2 266-79 Journal Article Ikai, Atsushi;Kitamoto, Toshihiro;Nishigai, Masaaki 1983 Alpha-2 Macroglobin-like protease inhibitor from the egg white of Cuban Crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) J. Biochem. 93 121-127 Journal Article Ikai, A.;Kitamoto, T.;Nishigai, M. 1983 Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protease inhibitor from the egg white of cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) J Biochem 93 1 121-7 alpha-Macroglobulins/*isolation & purification; Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Animal; Chemistry; Egg White/*analysis; Microscopy, Electron; Protease Inhibitors/*isolation & purification; Reptiles/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't A high molecular weight protease inhibitor was purified from the egg white of Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer). It inhibited the casein hydrolyzing activity of trypsin, subtilisin and papain. Its native molecular weight was 730,000 and it consisted of four subunits of equal molecular weight, each pair of which were disulfide bonded. The amino acid composition, circular dichroic spectrum and electron micrographs of this protein are also presented. Upon incubation with trypsin this protein yielded a fragment of Mr = 80,000, similar in size to the one known to originate from alpha 2-macroglobulin under the same conditions. The molecular parameters of this protein and the broad inhibitory activity towards thiol and serine proteases with different substrate specificities suggest that it is a protein closely related to alpha 2-macroglobulin in mammalian serum. From its native molecular weight and amino acid composition we believe that this protein is also a reptilian counterpart of the avian ovomacroglobulin described by Miller and Feeney (3). Journal Article Ikenishi, K. 1980 Cortical granules persisting in germ cells of Xenopus laevis after the cleavage stages Develop. Growth Differ. 22 669-678 Journal Article Ikenishi, K. 1982 A possibility of an in vitro differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from blastomeres containing germinal plasm of early cleavage stage in Xenopus laevis Develop. Growth Differ. 24 205-215 Conference Proceedings Inchanstigue, S.J.;Ottenwalder, J.A.;Sanlley, C.;Robinson, D.G. 1980 The reproductive biology of Crocodylus acutus in the Enriquillo Lake, Dominican Republic (Abstract only) Journal Article Inger, R. F.;Brown, W. C. 1980 Species of the scincid genus Dasia Gray Fieldiana 3 1-11 morphology, species key, reptiles Journal Article Inger, R. F. 1980 Densities of floor-dwelling frogs and lizards in lowland forests of southeast Asia and Central America American Naturalist 115 6 761-770 amphibians, reptiles, Journal Article Inger, R. F. 1980 Relative abundances of frogs and lizards in forests of Southeast Asia Biotropica 12 1 14-22 reptiles, amphibians, Journal Article Inger, Robert F. 1980 Densities of floor-dwelling frogs and lizards in lowland forests of Southeast Asia and Central America American Naturalist 115 6 761-770 Journal Article Inger, R. F. 1983 Morphological and ecological variation in the flying lizards (Genus Draco) Fieldiana Zoology 18 1-35 reptiles, lizards, morphology, ecology, characters, PCA Journal Article Inger, Robert F. 1983 Morphological and ecological variation in the flying lizards (genus Draco) Fieldiana: Zoology n. ser 18 vi, 1-35 Journal Article Inger, Robert F.;Gritis, Paul A. 1983 Variation in the Bornean frogs of the Amolops jerboa species group, with description of two new species Fieldiana: Zoology New series 19 1-13 Amolops phaeomerus n. sp.; Amolops poecilus n. sp. Book Section Inger, Robert F. 1983 Larvae of southeast Asian species of Leptobrachium and Leptobrachella (Anura: Pelobatidae) Rhodin, A. and Miyata, K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology Cambridge Mass. Cambridge 13-32 Amphibian, anura, megophryidae, megophryinae, Borneo, Leptobrachium montanum, Leptobrachium nigrops, Leptobrachium hendricksoni, Leptobrachium pullum, Leptobrachium sp, Leptolalax gracilis, Leptobrachium pelodytoides, Leptobrachella mjobergi, oral morphology, wassersug, tadpoles, Journal Article Inger, R. F.;Gritis., P. A. 1983 Variation in Bornean frogs of the Amolops jerboa species group, with descriptions of two new species Fieldiana - Zoology 19 1-13 Journal Article Inger, R. F.;Marx, H.;Koshy, M. 1984 An undescribed species of gekkonid lizard (Cnemaspis) from India with comments on the status of C. tropidogaster Herpetologica 40 2 149-154 reptiles, India, systematics, species description, morphology, distribution Journal Article Inger, Robert F.;Shaffer, H. Bradley;Koshy, Mammen;Bakde, Ramesh 1984 A report on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from the Ponmudi, Kerala, South India Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 81 3 551-570 Journal Article Ingram, Glen J.;Rawlinson, Peter 1981 Five new species of skinks (genus Lampropholis) from Queensland and New South Wales Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20 2 311-317 Lampropholis mirabilis sp. nov.; Lampropholis czechurai sp. nov.; Lampropholis basiliscus sp. nov.; Lampropholis amicula sp. nov.; Lampropholis caligula sp. nov. Journal Article Ingram, Glen J.;Ehmann, Harold 1981 A new species of scincid lizard of the genus Leiolopisma Scincidae: Lygosominae) from southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 20 2 307-310 Leiolopisma zia sp. nov. Book Institute, Central Crocodile Breeding and Management Training 1982 Captive rearing and management of crocodiles in India A field guide Hyderabad, A.P. CCBMTI (Govt. of India) 79 pp. GG, CPR, CPL, conservation, farming, captive breeding, India Journal Article IPPEN, R. 1980 Ein Beitrag zu den Mykosen der Schlangen Milu 5 3 386-396 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, infection, fungi Journal Article Ippen, R. 1980 Ein Beitrag zu den Mykosen der Schlangen Milu 5 3 386-396 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, infection, fungi Journal Article Ippen, R. et al. 1981 Kidney changes in Indian gavial due to vitamin A deficit Erkr. der Zootiere 23 127-131 Reptilia, sauria, Indian gavial, Aeromonas, infection, pathology, necrotising enteritis, pneumonia, uric acid, kidney, A-hypovitaminosis 070690 MDL DGB Journal Article Ippen, R. 1982 Some data on the congenital malformations in reptiles Erkr. der Zootiere 24 463-473 Reptilia, sauria, testudines, serpentes, malformation, congenital 060690 MDL DGB Journal Article Ireland, P. H. 1981 A key to the aquatic salamander larvae and larviform adults of Virginia Catesbeiana 1 3-7 Journal Article Ireland, P. H.;Altig., R. 1983 Key to the gilled salamander larvae and larviform adults of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. Southwest Naturalist 28 271-274 Journal Article Irish, F. J.;Zug, G. R. 1982 Biography and bibliography of James A. Peters Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 51 1-12 Journal Article Irish, Frances J.;Zug, George R. 1982 Biography and Bibliography of James A. Peters Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1982 51 1-12 Report Irvine, A.B.;Caffin, J.E.;Kochman, H.I. 1981 Aerial surveys for manatees and dolphins in western peninsular Florida (with notes on sightings of sea turtles and crocodiles) Journal Article Isenbügel, E. 1981 Dermal lesions in tortoises, of unknown origin. Hautveränderungen bei Landschildkröten unbekannter Genese 1 Arbeitstag der Zootierärzte im Deutschsprachigen Raum, Berlin 1 20-24 Reptilia, testudines, blood, estrogens, blood values Book Ivakhnenko, M. F.;Tverdokhlebova, G. I. 1980 [Systematics, Morphology and Stratigraphic Significance of the Upper permian Chroniosuchians Saratov 69 p. Journal Article Iverson, J. B. 1980 The reproductive biology of Gopherus polyphemus (Chelonia: Testudinidae) American Midland Naturalist 103 2 353-359 reptiles, body size, eggs, clutch, incubation, temperature, RCM, Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1980 Colic modifications in iguanine lizards Journal of Morphology 163 79-93 Journal Article Iverson, John B.;Mittermeier, Russell 1980 Dermatemydidae, Dermatemys, D. mawii Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 237 1-4 Journal Article Iverson, John B.;Berry, James F. 1980 Claudius, C. angustatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 236 1-2 Journal Article Iverson, John B.;Iverson, Shelia A. 1980 A bibliography to the mud and musk turtle family Kinosternidae Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1980 48 1-72 claudius staurotypus kinosternon bibliography index sternotherus Journal Article Iverson, J. B. 1980 Colic modification in iguanine lizards J. Morphol. 79-93 Reptilia, sauria, anatomy, colon, echsen,histo,vit Senck n Journal Article Iverson, J. B.;Iverson, S. A. 1980 A biolography to the mud and musk turtle family Kinosternidae Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 48 1-72 bibliography, literature, mud turtle, musk turtle, checklist Journal Article Iverson, J.B. 1980 The reproductive biology of Gopherus polyphemus Chelonia Testudinidae Am. Midl. Nat. 103 2 353-359 Journal Article Iverson, J. B. 1981 Biosystematics of the Kinosternon hirtipes species group (Testudines: Kinosternidae) Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 23 1 1-74 reptiles, relationships, morphology, phylogeny, morphometrics, geographic variation Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1981 Kinosternon angustipons Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 262 1-2 Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1981 Kinosternon acutum Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 261 1-2 Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1981 Kinosternon dunni Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 278 1-2 Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1981 BIosystematics of the Kinosternon hirtipes species group (Testudines: Kinosternidae) Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 23 1 1-74 Journal Article Iverson, J. B. 1982 Ontogenetic changes in relative skeletal mass in the painted turtle Chrysemys picta Journal of Herpetology 16 4 412-414 reptiles, development, growth, body size, morphology Journal Article Iverson, J. B. 1982 Biomass in turtle populations: a neglected subject Oecologia (Berl.) 55 69-76 reptiles, comparative, production Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1982 Terrapene coahuila Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 288 1-2 Book Section Iverson, John B. 1982 Adaptations to herbivory in iguanine lizards Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 60-76 Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1982 Terrapene nelsoni Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 289 1-2 Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1983 Kinosternon creaseri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 312 1 Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1983 Kinosternon oaxacae Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 338 1-2 Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1983 Staurotypus triporcatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 328 1-2 Journal Article Iverson, J. B. 1984 Geographic variation in reproduction in the mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens SSAR, ASIH, HL abstracts reptiles, biogeography, latitude Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1984 Proportional skeletal mass in turtles Florida Scientist 47 1 1-11 Journal Article Iwasawa, H.;Yamaguchi., K. 1984 Ultrastructural study of gonadal development in Xenopus laevis Zool. Sci. 1 591-600 Journal Article Izecksohn, E.;Peixoto, O. L. 1980 Sobre a utilizacao do nome Stombe precrenulatus Miranda-Ribereiro, 1937 e a validez da especie (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 40 3 605-609 Proceratophrys precrenulata, schirchi, taxonomy, morphology Journal Article Izecksohn, E.;Peixoto, O. L. 1981 Nova especie de Proceratophrys, da Hileia Bahiana, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 1 19-24 new species, Brazil, frog, description, Proceratophrys laticeps Journal Article Jackman, Rodger;Nowicki, Stephen;Aneshansley, Daniel J.;Eisner, Thomas 1983 Predatory capture of toads by fly larvae Science 222 515-516 Anura, Scaphiopodidae, Scaphiopus multiplicatus, tadpoles, predation, fly larvae, Tabanus punctifer, Tabanidae, USA, 25 Journal Article Jackman, R.;S. Nowicki, D. J. Aneshansley;Eisner., T. 1983 Predatory capture of toads by fly larvae Science 222 516-517 Journal Article Jackman, Rodger;Nowicki, Stephen;Aneshansley, Daniel J.;Eisner, Thomas 1983 Predator capture of toads by fly larvae Science 222 515-516 Journal Article Jackson, O.F. 1980 Bethesda ballerup infection of bone A.S.R.A.J. 1 48-52 Reptilia, sauria, infection, bacteria, Bethesde ballerup Journal Article Jackson, Morris K.;Sharawy, Mohamed 1980 Scanning electron microscopy and distribution of specialized mechanoreceptors in the Texas rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri (Baird and Girard) Journal of Morphology 163 59-67 Journal Article Jackson, O. F. 1980 The results of weights and measurements on healthy and sick tortoises, both Testudo graeca and T. hermanni Testudo 1 3 15-19 Reptilia, testudines, testu,vet,meth WP x Journal Article Jackson, O. F. 1980 The sick chelonian Proc. Euro. Herp. Symp. C.w.l.p. Oxford 1 1-4 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, disease, pathology vet,testu PF x Journal Article Jackson, O. F. 1980 The construction of a tortoise measuring device Testudo 1 3 20-21 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, technique, measuring, ratio testu,vet,meth WP x Journal Article Jackson, O. F. 1980 Weight and measurement data on tortoises (Testudo graeca and Testudo hermanni) and their relationship to health J. small Anim. Pract. 1980 409-416 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise,Testudo graeca,Testudo hermanni, technique, measuring, ratio, health vet,testu,meth PF x Journal Article Jackson, James F.;Pounds, J. Alan 1980 Of Differential Head-body Pigmentation in Snakes Journal of Herpetology 14 3 307 coloration Journal Article Jackson, D. U.;Martin, D. L. 1980 Caudal luring in the dusky pygmy rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius barbouri Copeia 1980 4 926-927 reproduction, offspring, behavior, pit-vipers Journal Article Jackson, C.G., Jr., W. Allen, M.W. Trotter 1980 A gigantic specimen of Gopherus agassizii Testudinidae Southwest. Nat. 25 3 430-432 Journal Article Jackson, D. R.;Franz, R. 1981 Ecology of the eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius) in the northern penensular Florida Herpetologica 37 4 213-228 Reptiles, snakes, elapids, activity, diet, dimorphism, reproduction Journal Article Jackson, Dale R.;Franz, Richard 1981 Ecology of the Eastern Coral snake (Micrurus fulvius) in Northern Peninsular Florida Herpetologica 37 4 213-228 Lampropeltis triangulum Journal Article Jackson, O.;Duff, Fasal M. 1981 Radiology in tortoises, terrapins and turtles as an aid to diagnosis J. small Anim. Pract. 1981 705-716 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, technique, radiology vet,testu,meth PF x Journal Article Jackson, O.;D, Fasal M. 1981 Radiology in tortoises, terrapins and turtles as an aid to diagnosis J. small Anim. Pract. 22 705-716 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, technique, radiology Overdruk 82/41 Journal Article Jackson, O. F. 1982 Chelonian diets Testudo 2 1 17-21 Reptilia, testudines, food, feeding, diet testu,zucht,vit WP x Journal Article Jackson, O. F 1983 Advances in veterinary medicine for reptiles Asra Journal 2 70-80 Reptilia, testudines, survey Overdruk 84/66 Book Jackson, Jeffrey J. 1983 Snakes of the Southeastern United States 111 Journal Article Jackson, O. F.;Needham, J.R. 1983 Respiratory virus antibodies in chelonians J. small Anim. Pract. 1983 31 Reptilia, testidines, infection, virus, antibodies vet,testu,virus Fernl x Journal Article Jackson, D.C;et al. 1984 The comparative physiology of diving in North American freshwater turtles II. Plasma ion balance during prolonged anoxia Physiol. Zool 57 632-640 Reptilia, testudines, physiology, diving, anoxia, plasm ions Journal Article Jackson, D.C;al., et 1984 The comparative physiology of diving in North American freshwater turtles II. Plasma ion balance during prolonged anoxia Physiol. Zool 57 632-640 Reptilia, testudines, physiology, diving, anoxia, plasm ions Journal Article Jacobs, George J. 1983 Bibliography of the agamid genus Draco Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1983 57 1-31 index Journal Article Jacobs, G. J. 1983 Biolography of the agamid genus Draco Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 57 1-31 bibliography, Draco volans, literature Book Jacobsen, N. H. G.;Haake, W. D. 1980 Harmless Snakes of the Transvaal Pretoria Transvaal Nature Conservation Division 64 Journal Article Jacobsen, T. 1982 Distribution and status of alligators and crocodiles in the lower Florida Keys Florida Sci. 45 25 AM, CA, distribution, FL Journal Article Jacobsen, N. H. G.;Pienaar, U. de V. 1983 New reptile records from the Kruger National Park Koedoe 26 135-144 South Africa, collection, Journal Article Jacobsen, T. 1983 Crocodilians and islands: Status of the American alligator and the American crocodile in the lower Florida Keys Florida Field Nat. 11 1 1-16 AM, CA, distribution, osmoregulation, FL Journal Article Jacobsen, N. H. G. 1984 A new subspecies of Chirindia langi (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia) from southern Africa, with notes on the ecology of the species Annals of the Transvaal Museum 33 26 391-398 Journal Article Jacobson, E. ;Gaskin, J.M.;Simpson, C.F.;Terrell, T.G. 1980 Paramyxo-like virus infection in a rock rattlesnake Javma 177 9 796-799 Reptilia, serpentes, rattlesnake, infection, virus, paramyxo 210390 MDL DGB Rept 48 Journal Article Jacobson, E. R. 1980 Necrotizing mycotic dermatitis in snakes: clinical and pathologic features. J. Am. Vet. Med. Ass. 177 9 838-841 Reptilia, serpentes, snake, infection, fungus, mycosis, dermatitis, skin diseases Necrotizing mycotic dermatitis was diagnosed in six snakes. Cutaneous lesions involved ventral and lateral scales. Each clinical diagnosis was confirmed by fungal culture and light microscopic examination of biopsied scales. The fungi was not identified. Differential clinical considerations included contact dermatitis and bacterial dermatitis. 210390 MDL DGB Amph 8 Journal Article Jacobson, E. R.;Calderwood, M.B.;Clubb, S.L. 1980 Mucormycosis in hatchling Florida softshell turtles Javma?? 9 835-837 Reptilia, testudines, Florida softshell turtle, infection, mycosis, mucor Journal Article Jacobson, E. R. 1980 Spirochetemia in a rhinoceros iguana javma 177 9 918-921 Reptilia, sauria, rhinoceros iguana, infection, bacteria, Spirochaeta 200390 MDL DGB Amph 4 Journal Article Jacobson, E.;Calderwood, H.;Spencer, C. 1980 Gastrotomy in a gulf hammock rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta williamsi) Vet Med Small Anim Clin 75 5 879-80 Animal; Case Report; Foreign Bodies/surgery/*veterinary; Male; *Snakes; Stomach/*surgery Journal Article Jacobson, E. R;Gaskin, J.M.;Page, D.;Iverson, W. O.;Johnson, J.W. 1981 Illness associated with Paramyxo-like virus infection in a Zoologic collection of snakes Journal American Veterinary Medical Association 179 11 1227-1230 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, virus, Paramyxo-like 210390 MDL DGB Rept 45 Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. e.a. 1981 Lymphosarcoma in an Eastern king snake and a Rhinoceros viper javma 179 11 1231-1235 Reptilia, serpentes, estern king snake, Rhinoceros viper, pathology, tumor, Lymphosarcoma 210390 MDL DGB Rept 44 Conference Proceedings Jacobson, E. 1981 Viral and fungal diseases of alligators 42-45 Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. 1981 Immobilization, blood sampling, necropsy techniques and diseases of crocodilians: A review MS for SSAR CrocodilianSymposium immobilization, disease, techniques Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. e.a. 1982 Herpesvirus-like infection in map turtles javma 181 11 1322-1324 Reptilia, testudines, map turtles, infection, virus, Herpes-like 210390 MDL DGB Rept 33 Journal Article Jacobson, E. R;Gaskin, J. M.;Clubb, S.;Calderwood, M. B. 1982 Papilloma-like virus infection in Bolivian side-neck turtles J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 181 11 1325-1328 Reptilia, testudines, Bolivian side-neck turtles, infection, virus, Papilloma-like 210390 MDL DGB Rept 31 Journal Article Jacobson, E. R.;Gaskin, J. M.;Wahlquist, H. 1982 Herpesvirus-like infection in map turtles J. Am Vet. Med. Assn. 1982 1322-1324 Reptilia, testudines, map turtle, infection, virus, herpesvirus Conference Proceedings Jacobson, E. 1982 Selenium/vitamin E requirements: An overview 31 Report Jacobson, E.R. 1982 Captive crocodile health problems Book Section Jacobson, Elliott;Gaskin, Jack 1983 Paramyxo-like virus associated respiratory disease of viperid snakes Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 39-40 Book Section Jacobson, Elliott 1983 Diseases of the integumentary system of reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 113 Journal Article Jacobson, Susan Kay 1983 Short season of the golden toad International Wildlife 13 6 25-27 Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. e.a. 1983 Colono-uterine fistula in a rhinoceros viper javma 183 11 1309-1310 Reptilia, serpentes, rhinoceros viper, pathology, intestine, Colono-uterine fistula 210390 MDL DGB Rept 34 Journal Article Jacobson, E.R.;Clubb, S.;Greiner, E. 1983 Amebiasis in red-footed tortoises, Geochelone carbonaria J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 183 11 1192-1194 Reptilia, testudines, red footed tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria, infection, protozoa, amebiasis, E. invadens 210390 MDL DGB Rept 39 Conference Proceedings JACOBSON, E. R.;GASKIN, J.M. 1983 Paramyxo-like virus associated respiratory disease of viperid snakes 39-40 Journal Article Jacobson, E.R.;Spencer, C.R. 1983 Colono-uterine fistula in a rhinoceros viper J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 183 11 1309-1310 Reptilia, serpentes, rhinoceros viper, pathology, intestine, Colono-uterine fistula 210390 MDL DGB Rept 34 Journal Article Jacobson, S.K. 1983 Alligator: Exploited, feared, threatened Florida Nat. March 12-13 AM, behavior, utilization, Journal Article Jacobson, E.R.;C.H., Gardinerm;Foggin, C.M. 1984 Adenovirus-like infection in two Nile crocodiles J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 185 11 1421-1422 Reptilia, crocodylia, Nile crocodile, infection, virus, Adeno-like 210390 MDL DGB Rept 13. Reprint Endnote 95/182 Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. 1984 Reptiles Vet. Clinics of North America (Small Anim. Pract) 17 5 1203-1225 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, pathology, survey Reprint Endnote 95/174 Journal Article JACOBSON, E.R.;e.a. 1984 Chromomycosis and fibrosarcoma in a mangrove snake J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 185 11 1428-1429 Reptilia, serpentes, mangrove snake, infection, Chromomycosis, pathology, fibrosarcoma 210390 MDL DGB Rept 11, Reprint Endnote 93/385 Journal Article Jacobson, E. R. 1984 Biology and Diseases of Reptiles In: Fox vet,oeko,echsen,serp,testu,kroko,vit Journal Article Jacobson, E.R.;Gardinerm, C.H.;Foggin, C.M. 1984 Adenovirus-like infection in two Nile crocodiles J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 185 11 1421-1422 Reptilia, crocodylia, Nile crocodile, infection, virus, Adeno-like Journal Article Jacobson, E.R.;Gardiner, C.H.;Foggin, C.M. 1984 Adenovirus-like infection in two Nile crocodiles J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 185 11 1421-1422 CNL, disease, Africa Journal Article Jacoby, J.;Rubinson., K. 1983 The acoustic and lateral line nuclei are distinct in the premetamorphic frog, Rana catesbeiana Journal of Comparative Neurology 216 152-161 Journal Article Jaeger, R. G. 1980 Density-dependent and density-independent causes of extinction of a salamander population Evolution 34 4 617-621 amphibians, competition, water, rain, drought Journal Article Jaeger, R. G. 1980 Microhabitats of a terrestrial forest salamander Copeia 1980 2 265-268 amphibians, plethodon, density, rain, water, activity Journal Article Jaeger, Robert G. 1980 Fluctuations in prey availability and food limitation for a terrestrial salamander Oecologia 44 335-341 Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodon cinereus, food, population regulation, ecology Journal Article Jaeger, R. G. 1981 Diet diversity and clutch size of aquatic and terrestrial salamanders Oecologia (Berl.) 48 190-193 amphibians, food, reproduction, Journal Article Jaeger, R. G.;Hailman, J. P. 1981 Activity of neotropical frogs in relation to ambient light Biotropica 13 1 59-65 phototactic behavior, photic cues, niche partitioning, habitat selection Journal Article Jaeger, R. G.;Joseph, R. G.;Barnard, D. E. 1981 Foraging tactics of a terrestrial salamander: Sustained yield in territories Animal Behaviour 29 1100-1105 Plethodon cinereus, prey types, optimal foraging, marking behavior, posturing, diet choice Journal Article Jaeger, R. G. 1981 Foraging in optimum light as a niche dimension for neotropical frogs National Geographic Society Research Reports 13 297-302 amphibians, light, photo, behavior, food Journal Article Jaeger, R. G. 1981 Dear enemy recognition and the costs of aggression between salamanders American Naturalist 117 6 962-974 amphibians, behavior, territory, Journal Article Jaeger, Robert G. 1981 Birds as inefficient predators on terrestrial salamanders American Naturalist 117 835-837 Journal Article Jaeger, Robert G.;Barnard, Debra E. 1981 Foraging tactics of a terrestrial salamander: Choice of diet in structurally simple environments American Naturalist 117 5 639-664 Journal Article Jaeger, Robert G. 1981 Dear enemy recognition and costs of aggression between salamanders American Naturalist 117 6 962-974 plethodon cinereus Journal Article Jaeger, R. G.;Rubin, A. M. 1982 Foraging tactics of a terrestrial salamander: Judging prey profitability Journal of Animal Ecology 51 167-176 optimal foraging theory, Plethodon cinereus, diet choice Journal Article Jaeger, R. G.;Barnard, D. E.;Joseph, R. G. 1982 Foraging tactics of a terrestrial salamander: assessing prey density American Naturalist 119 885-890 amphibians, diet, activity Journal Article Jaeger, R. G.;Kalvarsky, D.;Shimizu, N. 1982 Territorial behaviour of the red-backed salamande: expulsion of intruders Animal Behaviour 30 490-496 amphibians, pltehodon, aggression, competition, defense, Journal Article Jaeger, R. G.;Nishikawa, K. C. B.;Barnard, D. E. 1983 Foraging tactics of a terrestrial salamander: costs of territorial defence Animal Behaviour 31 191-198 amphibians, Plethodon, competition, pheromones, foraging Journal Article Jaeger, R. G. 1984 Agonistic behavior of the red-backed salamander Copeia 1984 2 309-314 amphibians, plethodon, aggression, competition, Journal Article Jaksic, F. M.;Fuentes, E. R. 1980 Correlates of tail losses in twelve species of Liolaemus lizards. Journal of Herpetology 14 2 137-141 Reptiles, lizards, Liolaemus, tail loss, autotomy, Chile, South America, predation, frequency, Journal Article Jaksic, F. M.;Nunez, H.;Ojeda, F. P. 1980 Body proportions, microhabitat selection, and adaptive radiation of Liolaemus lizards in central Chile Oecologia (Berl.) 45 178-181 reptiles, biometry, morphology, ecomorph, Journal Article Jaksic, Fabian M.;Fuentes, Eduardo R. 1980 Correlates of tail losses in twelve species of Liolaemus lizards Journal of Herpetology 14 2 137-142 tail autonomy Journal Article Jaksic, Fabian M.;Nuñez, Herman;Ojeda, Federico P. 1980 Body proportions, microhabitat selection, and adaptive radiation of Liolaemus lizards in central Chile Oecologia 45 178-181 Journal Article Jaksic, F. M.;Greene, H. W.;Yanez, J. L. 1981 The guild structure of a community of predatory vertebrates in central Chile Oecologia (Berl.) 49 21-28 reptiles, predation, trophic level, niche overlap Journal Article Jaksic, Fabian M.;Greene, Harry W.;Yáñez, José L. 1981 The guild structure of a community of predatory vertebrates in central Chile Oecologia 49 21-28 Journal Article Jaksic, F. M.;Greene, H. W.;Schwenk, K.;Seib, R. L. 1982 Predation upon reptiles in Mediterranean habitats of Chile, Spain and California: a comparative analysis Oecologia (Berl.) 53 152-159 diet, body size, predator-prey, Journal Article Jaksic, F. M.;Seib, R. L.;Herrera, C. M 1982 Predation by the barn owl (Tyto alba) in mediterranan habitats of Chile, Spain and California: a comparative approach American Midland Naturalist 107 1 151-162 birds, food, diet, body size Journal Article Jaksic, Fabian M.;Greene, Harry W. 1982 Predation upon reptiles in Mediterranean habitats of Chile, Spain, and California: A comparative analysis Oecologia 53 152-159 Journal Article Jaksic, Fabian M.;Schwenk, Kurt 1983 Natural history observations on Liolaemus magellanicus, the southernmost lizard in the world Herpetologica 39 4 457-461 Journal Article Jaksic, F. M.;Busack, S. D. 1984 Apparent inadequacy of tail-loss figures as estimates of predation upon lizards Amphibia-Reptilia 5 177-179 reptiles, autotomy, regeneration, Journal Article Jaksic, Fabian M.;Greene, Harry W. 1984 Empirical evidence of non-correlation between tail loss frequency and predation intensity on lizards Oikos 42 3 407-411 Journal Article Jaksíc, F. M.;Schwenk, K. 1983 Natural history observations on Liolaemus magellanicus, the southernmost lizard in the world Herpetologica 39 457-461 color dimorphism, viviparity, reproduction, diet, herbivory Book Section James, Heidi S.;Knowles, Kevin R.;Clothier, Richard H.;Groves, Claire J.;Balls, Michael 1983 Effects of early thymectomy or exposure to N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea on immune responses in Xenopus laevis Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 157-162 Journal Article Jameson, E. W.;Heusner, A. A.;Lem, Donna 1980 Seasonal, sexual and altitudinal variations in stomach content and ingested fat in Sceloporus occidentalis Journal of Herpetology 14 3 255-262 diet Journal Article Janetos, Anthony C. 1980 Strategies of female choice: A theoretical analysis Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 7 107-112 Sexual selection Journal Article Jansen, D. W. 1983 A possible function of the secretion of Duvernoy's gland Copeia 1983 1 262-264 Glands, snakes, reptiles, Thamnophis, Washington, Journal Article Janzen, Daniel H. 1980 When is it coevolution? Evolution 34 3 611-612 Edited Book Janzen, Daniel H. 1983 Costa Rican natural History Chicago University of Chicago Press xii, 816 Journal Article Jarchow, J.L. 1982 Disease problems of captive montane rattlesnakes Am. Ass. Zoo Vets Annu. Meet. 16 270390 MDL DGB Rept 89 Journal Article Jarchow, James L. 1984 Veterinary management of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, at the Arizona-Sonora Desert MUseum: A rational approach to diet Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 83-94 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Jarchow J.L. 1982 Disease problems of captive montane rattlesnakes Proceedings of AAZV 16 270390 MDL DGB Rept 89 Journal Article Jardine, D.R. 1981 First succesful captive propagation of Schneider's smooth-fronted caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus Herpetol. Rev. 12 2 58-60 PAL, captive breeding, reproduction, Book Jaroniewski, Waclaw 1984 Jadowite Weze Swiata Warszawa Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne 155 BiblioBid Bulk Jarvik, E. 1980-1981 Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates 1 and 2 Journal Article Jarvis, H. M. 1981 Kidney disease in the common iguana Herptile 6 3 28-30 Reptilia, sauria, iguana, pathology, kidney, nefritis x Journal Article Jasch, L. G. 1980 Fine structure of the surfaces of the epithelium and mesenchyme of the newt limb regenerate, separated in salt solution: 14 to 25 days Am J Anat 158 2 171-91 Animal; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure; Cytoplasm/ultrastructure; Epithelium/ultrastructure; Forelimb/*physiology/ultrastructure; Mesoderm/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration Forelimbs of the newt Notophthalmus (Triturus) viridescens were amputated at the wrist, and at 14 to 25 days, the new limb regenerates were removed by a razor-blade cut. After incubation of the isolated regenerates in a medium containing only inorganic salts, the epithelium was removed easily from the underlying mesenchyme. The surfaces separated in the salt solution were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the completeness of the separation and the extent of tissue damage near the plane of separation. Rarely was an epithelial cell found clinging to the mesenchymal surface, supporting previous light microscopic observations. The most apparent morphological damage was sustained by the basal epithelial cell surfaces, which exhibited blebbing; the formation of vacant vesicles within the cytoplasm near the newly exposed plasma membranes; the structural disruption of some organelles; and the tearing away of fragments of the basal epithelial cell plasma membranes, which remained adherent to the mesenchymal surface during separation procedure. Examination of the structure of the epithelial- mesenchymal interface of intact regenerates showed that the plane of epithelial-mesenchymal separation was, for the most part, between the basal epithelial cell membrane and its substrate, an extracellular material which remained at the mesenchymal surface after separation. This substrate was in the form of an extracellular material closely adherent to the basal epithelial cell membrane at the distal tips of the regenerates; a developing basal lamina at the periphery of regenerates undergoing blastema accumulation; or a mature basal lamina at the base of digit stage regenerates. The usefulness of these separated tissues for future experimentation and the evaluation of the nature of the epithelial substratum throughout the course of limb regeneration are discussed. Journal Article Jayal, N.D. 1980 Crocodile conservation in India Tigerpaper 7 4 1-3 CPL, CPR, GG, conservation, farming, India Journal Article Jayarajan O. 1984 A case of saw-scaled viper bite Hamadryad 9 1 19-20 Echis carinatus; Snakebite Journal Article Jayes, A. S.;Alexander, R. McN. 1980 The gaits of chelonians: walking techniques for very low speeds Journal of Zoology, London 191 353-378 Journal Article Jayne, Bruce C. 1982 Comparative morphology of the semispinalis-spinalis muscle of snakes and correlations with locomotion and constriction Journal of Morphology 172 83-96 Journal Article Jelden, D.C. 1981 Preliminary studies on the breeding biology of Crocodylus porosus and Crocodylus n novaeguineae on the Middle Sepik (Papua New Guinea) Amphib.-Rept. 3/4 353-358 CPR, CNV, nest, reproduction, Australia Journal Article Jelden, D.C. 1981 Die Krokodile in Papua-Neuguinea-Lebensweise, Schutz und Nutzung D.Aqu.-u. Terr.-z., Stuttgart 34 1 356-360 CNV, CPR, conservation, behavior, utilization, Australia Book Jenkins, Robert;Bartell, Roger 1980 A Field Guide to Reptiles of the Australian High Country Melbourne Inkata Press 278 Book Section Jenkins, R.W.G. 1982 Management problems and options for Australian crocodiles Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 63-79 Journal Article Jenks, Bruce G.;van Overbeeke, A. P. 1980 Biosynthesis and release of neurointermediate lobe peptides in the Aquatic toad, Xenopus laevis, adapted to a black background Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66C 71-76 Journal Article Jennings, M.R. 1981 Life history notes: Gopherus agassizi (desert tortoise) longevity Herpetol. Rev. 12 3 81-82 Journal Article Jennings, Mark R. 1983 Masticophis lateralis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 343 1-2 Journal Article Jennings, R.D.;Fritts, T.H. 1983 The status of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus Daudin Journal Article Jenssen, Thomas A. 1980 Description and function of Anolis limifrons social displays National Geographic Society Reserach Reports 12 377-388 Journal Article Jessup, D.A. 1980 Fibrosing Adenocarcinoma of the Intestine of a Gopher Snake. J. of Wildlife Diseases. 16 3 Reptilia, serpentes, gopher snake, pathology, tumor, adenocarcinoma, intestine Journal Article Jessup, D.A.;Seely, J.C. 1981 Zygomycete fungus infection in two captive snakes: Gopher snake (Pituophis melanoleucos); Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). J. Zoo An. Med. 12 54-59 Reptilia, serpentes, Gopher snake, Pituophis melanoleucos, Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix, infection, fungus, Schizangiella serpentis Journal Article Jessup, R. J. 1981 The blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale, in northeastern Illinois Bulletin Of The Chicago Herpetological Society 16 2 44-46 Journal Article Jiang, M.-H.;Lin, J.-Y. 1980 A study of the nematodes in the lizards, Japalura swinhonis formosensis and Hemidactylus frenatus Biological Bulletin 53 1-30 Journal Article Jiang, Yao-ming;Zhao, Er-mi 1980 Ecological data of Snake-Island Pit-viper and Pallas' Pit viper Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1 5 1-5 Journal Article Jirousek, Vladislav T. 1983 Remarks on reptile protection in Sri Lanka and the Indian State of Tamil Nadu Hamadryad 8 1 18-19 Journal Article Joanen, Ted;McNease, Larry;Behler, John 1980 Captive propagation of the Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis) Presented at the Soutern Zoo Workshop, June 13, 1980, Monroe, Louisiana. 1-14 Journal Article Joanen, T.;McNease, L.;Behler, J. 1980 Captive propagation of the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) Pres. at Southern zoo Workshop Monroe, LA 14 AS, farming, captive breeding, nest, reproduction, LA Book Section Joanen, T. and McNease L. 1980 Reproductive biology of the American alligator in southwest Louisiana Murphy, J.B. and Collins, J T. Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 153-159 AM, reproduction, LA Journal Article Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1980 Time of egg deposition for the American alligator Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agen. 33 15-19 AM, nest, LA Journal Article Joanen, Ted;McNease, Larry;Tarver, Johnnie;Behler, John 1981 Captive propagation of Alligators in Louisiana Presented at the International Herpetological Congress, October 1-8, 1981, Oxford, England. 1-21 Conference Proceedings Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1981 Nesting chronology of the American alligator and factors affecting nesting in Louisiana 107-116 Journal Article Joanen, T.;McNease, L.;Tarver, J.;Behler, J. 1981 Captive breeding propagation of alligators in Louisiana MS for Int. Herp Congr., Oct.1-8, 1981, Oxford, England AM, AS, captive breeding, farming, LA Conference Proceedings Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1981 Incubation of alligator eggs 117-128 Conference Proceedings Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1982 Alligator farming, current status and research needs 38-40 Book Section Joanen, T.;L., McNease 1982 Management of the alligator as a renewable resource in Louisiana Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 298-314 Journal Article Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1982 Louisiana's alligator farming research programme Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 202-203 AM, farming, nest, reproduction, LA Book Section Joanen, T.;L., McNease 1982 Classification and population status of the American alligator Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 79-83 Book Section Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1984 Classification and population status of the American alligator Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 24-28 Journal Article Joglar, R. 1983 Estudio fenetico del genero Eleutherodactylus en Puerto Rico Caribbean Journal of Science 19 3-4 33-40 Amphibians, frogs, morphology, phylogenetics, systematics, relationships, Journal Article Joglar, Rafael L. 1983 Estudio fenetico del genero Eleutherodactylus en Puerto Rico Carib. J. Sci. 19 3/4 33-42 Journal Article John, K. R.;Fusaro., J. M. 1981 Growth and metamorphosis of solitary Rana pipiens tadpoles in confined space Copeia 1981 737-741 Journal Article Johnsen, P.B.;Wellington, J.L. 1982 Detection of glandular secretions by yearling alligators Copeia 1982 4 705-708 AM, olfaction, behavior, Journal Article Johnson, Tom R. 1980 Snakes of Missouri Missouri Department of Conservation 1-12 Journal Article Johnson, Tom R. 1980 Snakes and People Missouri Department of Conservation 1-2 Book Johnson, Tom R. 1980 Snakes of Missouri Jefferson City Missouri Conservation Dept. 12 Journal Article Johnson, Tom R. 1982 Missouri's turtles Missouri Department of Conservation 1-12 Journal Article Johnson, Tom R. 1982 Missouri's toads and frogs Missouri Department of Conservation 1-12 Journal Article Johnson, Jerry D. 1982 Masticophis mentovarius Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 295 1-4 Journal Article Johnson, Aubrey Stephen 1983 Grazing and economics in the arid west Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 97-101 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Johnson, Terry B. 1984 Arizona state report on the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 51-54 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Johnson, Jerry D.;Dixon, James R. 1984 Taxonomic status of the Venezuelan Macagua, Bothrops colombiensis Journal of Herpetology 329-332 Journal Article Jolivet-Jaudet, G.;Leloup-Hatey., J. 1984 Variations in aldosterone and corticosterone plasma levels during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis tadpoles General and Comparative Endocrinology 56 59-65 Journal Article Jollie, M. 1982 Ventral branchial musculature and synapomorphies questioned Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 74 35-47 Journal Article Jones, Steven M.;Droge, Dale L. 1980 Home range size and spatial distributions of two sympatric lizard species (Sceloporus undulatus, Holbrookia maculata) in the Sand hills of Nebraska Herpetologica 36 2 127-132 Journal Article Jones, R. M. 1980 Nitrogen excretion by Scaphiopus tadpoles in ephemeral ponds Physiological Zoology 53 26-31 Journal Article Jones, K. B. 1981 Effects of grazing on lizard abundance and diversity in western Arizona The Southwestern Naturalist 26 2 107-115 Sauria, cattle, livestock, lizards Book Section Jones, Kirkland L. 1982 Prey patterns and trophic niche overlap in four species of caribbean frogs Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 49-55 eleutherodactylus lentus schwartzi cochranae antillensis Book Section Jones, K. W. 1984 The evolution of sex chromosomes and chromosomal inactivation in reptiles and mammals Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 305-316 Journal Article Jorgensen, F. 1983 Influence of Ca2+ on the mechanosensitivity of the hair cells in the lateral line organs of Necturus maculosus Acta Physiol Scand 118 4 423-31 Aminopyridines/pharmacology; Animal; Calcium/analysis/*physiology; Cations, Monovalent/analysis; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects; Gallopamil/pharmacology; Hair Cells/*physiology; Ion Channels/physiology; Mechanoreceptors/*physiology; Necturus maculosus; Physical Stimulation; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology; Vibration The degree of synchronization (DOS) between the afferent spike activity from one stitch of the lateral line of Necturus maculosus (in vivo) and the mechanical stimulation of one neuromast of the same stitch was measured under different circumstances. The DOS was found to be independent of changes in the concentration of monovalent cations (Na+, K+ and choline+) in the bulk solution at high Ca concentration (1 mM). DOS was also independent of the Ca concentration in the range 1 mM-1 microM in Tris-HCl buffer, but was markedly reduced at Ca = 10 microM in MOPS-KOH buffer. The reduced DOS, however, could be restored by addition of 10-20 mM KCl. 5 mM of 4-aminopyridine did not influence the DOS at high Ca concentration, but completely reduced DOS at Ca = 10 microM. D600 (a methoxy derivative of verapamil) decreased DOS both at high and low Ca concentration. Journal Article Jorquera, B.;Garrido, O.;Pugín., E. 1982 Comparative studies of the digestive tract development between Rhinoderma darwinii and R. rufum. Journal of Herpetology 16 204-214 Journal Article Journal 1980 The Snake 12 1/2 1-214 In English and Japanese. Taxa covered include: Trimeresurus flavoviridis; Agkistrodon rhodostoma; Agkistrodon himalayanus; Vipera russellii; Amphieama stolata; Uropeltid snakes Journal Article Journal 1983 The Ceylon Medical Journal 28 3 107-201 Journal Article Joyce, J.C. 1982 Protecting sea turtles while dredging The Military Engineer 481 282-285 Journal Article Judd, Frank W.;McQueen, J. Carlton 1980 Incubation, Hatching, and Growth of the Tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri Journal of Herpetology 14 4 377-380 Texas tortoise Journal Article Judd, F.W.;McQueen, J.C. 1980 Incubation, hatching and growth of the tortoise Gopherus berlandieri J. Herpetol. 14 4 377-380 Journal Article Judd, F.W.;McQueen, J.C. 1982 Notes on longevity of Gopherus berlandieri Testudinidae Southwest. Nat. 27 2 230-232 Journal Article Judd, F.W.;Rose, F.L. 1983 Population structure, density and movements of the Texas tortoise Gopherus berlandieri Southwest. Nat. 28 4 387-398 Journal Article JULIAN, A.F.;DURHAM, P.J.K. 1982 Adenoviral Hepatitis in a female bearded dragon (Amphibolurus barbatus) Mod. Vet. Prakt. 62 59-61 Reptilia, sauria, bearded dragon, Amphibolurus barbatus, infection, virus, adeno-, pathology, hepatitis Journal Article Junqueira, L. C. U.;P. P. Joazeiro, S. M. O. Vieira, A. B. Costa Silva, A. Cais;Montes., G. S. 1984 Specific attachment of morphologically-distinct intermediate filaments to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes in the epidermis of the tadpole of the anuran, Pseudis paradoxus J. Submicros. Cytol. 16 643-648 Journal Article Kagarise Sherman, C.;Morton., M. L. 1984 The toad that stays on its toes Natural History 93 72-78 Journal Article Kahl, B.;P;Gaupp, und G.;Schmidt 1980 Das Terrarium Falken Verlag testu,echsen,serp,lurch,zucht,saeuger,vit,tech PF x Book Kahl, Burkard;Gaupp, Paul;Schmidt, Günter 1980 Falken-Handbuch: Das Terrarium Niedernhausen Falken-Verlag 336 p. Journal Article Kahn, R.A.;Forrester, D.J.;Goodwin, T.M.;Ross, C.A. 1980 A haemogregarine from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) J. Parasitol. 66 2 324-328 Reprtilia, sauria, crocodylia, American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, infection, protozoa, hemogregarine Reprint Endnote 95/175 Journal Article Kalezic, Milos L.;Stevanovic, A. M. 1980 Morphological variation in the crested newt, Triturus cristatus (Urodela, Amphibia) from Krusevacka Zupa (Central Serbia) Biosistematika 6 1 69-80 Journal Article Kalezic, Milos L.;Hedgecock, D. 1980 Genetic variation and differentiation of three common European newts (Triturus) in Yugoslavia Britsh Journal of Herpetology 6 49-57 Journal Article Kalezic, Milos L. 1983 Geographical aspects of genetic variability in the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) Genetika 15 1 93-101 Journal Article Kalezic, Milos L. 1984 Evolutionary divergence in the smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris (Urodela, Salamandridae): electrophoretic evidence Amphibia-Reptilia 5 221-230 Journal Article Kalezic, Milos L.;Tucic, Nikola 1984 Genic diversity and population genetic structure of Triturus vulgaris (Urodela, Salamandridae) Evolution 38 2 389-401 Journal Article Kalikasan, P. 1983 Distribution and status of the Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) J. Biol. 12 1-2 169-173 Reptiles, crocodiles, distribution, range, Pacific, conservation status, map Journal Article Kalina, G. P.;Moiseenko, N. N.;Kabanova, T. P. 1981 [Reptiles, the chief reservoir of Edwardsiella in nature] Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 7 93-9 Alligators and Crocodiles/microbiology; Animal; Animals, Zoo/*microbiology; Comparative Study; *Disease Reservoirs; English Abstract; Enterobacteriaceae/*isolation & purification; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/*epidemiology; Lizards/microbiology; Moscow; Reptiles/*microbiology; Snakes/microbiology; Turtles/microbiology; Urodela/microbiology The study of reptiles in the zoo has revealed the high level of Edwardsiella contamination in crocodiles (43%), snakes (36.4%), tortoises (23.6%) and, to a lesser extent, lizards (17.6%). All these reptiles are a natural source of Edwardsiella, and paleontological parallels, as well as the character of metabolic processes in Edwardsiella, allow referring them to the most ancient representatives of enterobacteria and date the appearance of these microorganisms from the beginning of the Mesosoic era and possibly from the end of the Paleosoic era. Journal Article Kalyan, C. 1980 A study of statistical ecology of Crocodylus porosus in estuarine tracts of Sundarbuns Cheetal 21 2-3 26-32 CPR, ecology, India Journal Article Kamel, S.;R. E. Gatten, Jr. 1983 Aerobic and anaerobic activity metabolism of limbless and fossorial reptiles Physiol. Zool. 56 3 419-429 oxygen consumption, lactate, comparative Journal Article Kamel, S.;Gatten, R. E., Jr. 1983 Aerobic and anaerobic activity metabolism of limbless and fossorial reptiles Physiological Zoology 56 3 419-429 Reptiles, lizards, snakes, oxygen consumption, Aniella, Thamnophis, Ophisaurus, Trogonophis, Journal Article Kamimura, M.;Kotani, M.;Yamagata., K. 1980 The migration of presumptive primordial germ cells through the endodermal cell mass in Xenopus laevis. A light and electron microscopic study. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 59 1-17 Journal Article Kaplan, R. H.;Sherman, P. W. 1980 Intraspecific oophagy in California newts Journal of Herpetology 14 2 183-185 amphibians, competition, behavior, reproduction Journal Article Kaplan, Robert H. 1980 Ontogenetic energetics in Ambystoma Physiological Zoölogy 53 1 43-56 Journal Article Kaplan, R. H. 1980 The implications of ovum size variability for offspring fitness and clutch size within several populations of salamanders Ambystoma Evolution 34 51-64 Journal Article Kaplan, R. H.;Sherman., P. W. 1980 Intraspecific oophagy in California newts Journal of Herpetology 14 183-185 Journal Article Kar, S.K.;Bustard, H.R. 1980 Sexing of crocodiles in captivity Indian Forester 106 8 545 CPR, CPL, GG, techniques Journal Article Kar, S.K.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 Embryonic tail deformation in the Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus, Schneider) in Orissa, India Brit. J. Herp. 6 6 221-222 CPR, embryology, disease, India Journal Article Kar, S.K.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 Occurrence of partial albinism in a population of the Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus, Schneider) in Orissa, India Brit. J. Herp. 6 6 220-221 CPR, morphology, genetics, India Book Section Kar, C.S.;Bhaskar, S. 1982 Status of sea turtles in the eastern Indian Ocean Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 365-372 Journal Article Kar, Chandrashekar 1983 Marine turtles in Andhra Pradesh Hamadryad 8 2 18-20 Journal Article Kar, S.K.;Bustard, H.R. 1983 Saltwater crocodile attacks on man Biol. Cons. 25 4 377-382 CPR, attack, India Book Section Kar, S.K. 1984 Conservation future of the saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus Schneider in India Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 29-32 Journal Article Karasov, W. H.;Anderson, R. A. 1984 Interhabitat differences in energy acquisition and expenditure in a lizard Ecology 65 1 235-247 Reptiles, lizards, Baja California, Cnemidophorus, daily activity period, daily energy expenditure, doubly labeled water, interhabitat variation, life history, thermoregulation, widely foraging, time-energy budget Journal Article Karasov, William H.;Anderson, Roger A. 1984 Interhabitat differences in energy acquistion and expenditure in a lizard Ecology 65 1 235-247 Baja California cnemidophorus daily activity period energy doubly labeled water thermoregulation foraging time budget Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V. 1980 Evolutionary patterns in advanced snakes American Zoologist 20 269-282 opisthoglyphs evolution elapids vipers colubrids Journal Article Kardong, K. V. 1980 Jaw musculature of the West Indian snake Alsophis cantherigerus brooksi (Colubridae, Reptilia) Breviora 463 1-26 Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V. 1982 The evolution of the venom apparatus in snakes from colubrids to viperids and elapids Mem. Inst. Butantan 46 105-118 opisthoglyph proteroglyph duvernoy's gland Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V. 1982 The evolution of the venom apparatus in snakes from Colubrids to Viperids and Elapids Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 105-118 Journal Article Karges, J. P.;McDaniel, V. R. 1982 The nomenclatural history and type-specimens of Farancia abacura Journal of Herpetology 16 2 183-185 systematics, Farancia abacura, mud snake Journal Article Karges, J. P.;McDaniel 1982 The nomenclatural history and type-specimens of Francia abacura Journal of Herpetology 16 183-185 life history, Francia abacura, reptiles Journal Article Karl, Alice 1980 Distribution and relative densities of the desert tortoise in Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 75-87 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Karl, Alice 1981 The distribution and relative densities of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in Lincoln and Nye counties, Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 76-92 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Karlin, Alvan A.;Guttman, Sheldon I. 1981 Hybridization between Desmognathus fuscus and Desmognathus ochrophaeus(Amphibia: Urodela: Plethodontidae) in Northeastern Ohio and Northwestern Pennsylvania Copeia 1981 2 371-377 Journal Article Karnaky, K. J., Jr.;Lau, K. R.;Garretson, L. T.;Schultz, S. G. 1984 Seasonal variations in the fine structure of the Necturus maculosus urinary bladder epithelium: low transporters and high transporters Am J Anat 171 2 227-42 Animal; Biological Transport; Bladder/anatomy & histology/cytology/metabolism/*ultrastructure; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium/anatomy & histology/cytology/metabolism/ultrastructure; Male; Necturus/*anatomy & histology; Necturus maculosus/*anatomy & histology/metabolism; Potassium/urine; *Seasons; Sodium/urine; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Although the urinary bladder of Necturus maculosus provides an important model system for studying the mechanisms of active Na absorption, little critical attention has been paid to the fine structure of its epithelium. Moreover, two distinct groups of urinary bladders, low and high Na transporters, have been described based on short-circuit current or transepithelial potential difference. In the present study, over an 11-month period, stable electrical parameters (short-circuit current, transepithelial potential difference, and resistance) were recorded from 63 chamber-mounted bladders. Analysis of these parameters revealed a highly significant difference between two groups (low transporters and high transporters) occurring at different times of the year. Consistent with these data, in urine collected from the bladders, the Na concentration in low transporters was significantly higher than that in high transporters. A subpopulation of these bladders was subsequently fixed and examined at the light and/or electron microscopic level. Low-transporting bladders were characterized unequivocally by a thin, stratified squamous epithelium only 6-15 micron thick. High-transporting bladders were composed predominantly of columnar-shaped granular cells up to 70 micron in height, with ciliated, mitochondria-rich, and basal cells present in small numbers. There is thus a correlation between transport activity, as measured by electrophysiological techniques and urine sodium analysis, and the structure of the tissue. Moreover, these parameters exhibit significant seasonal variation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain obscure. Journal Article Karwoski, C. J.;Proenza, L. M. 1980 Transient adaptation and sensitization in the retina of Necturus J Gen Physiol 76 4 479-97 *Action Potentials; Adaptation, Physiological; Animal; Light; Membrane Potentials; Necturus/*physiology; *Neural Conduction; Neurons/physiology; Retina/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors Responses to repetitive stimulation were monitored at several retinal levels in the eyecup of the mudpuppy Necturus maculosus. When alternating sequences of low-intensity small and large spots were presented, two effects were found, which could be localized to the proximal retina: (a) response decrement (RD), in which, after the first small spot response, subsequent small spot responses are decreased in amplitude and (b) transient response enhancement (TRE), in which the first small spot response after a large spot sequence is larger than preceding or subsequent small spot responses. RD and TRE are absent or weak in sustained on or off responses (horizontal and bipolar cells, and ON and OFF ganglion cell post-stimulus time histograms (PSTH) but are particularly well developed in the on/off responses of the proximal retina (proximal negative response, M-wave, PSTHs of ON/OFF ganglion cells, and intracellular responses from on/off neurons and Muller cells). RD and TRE appear to arise from a stimulus-evoked slow depolarization in on/off neurons that interacts with the amplitude of succeeding responses. We conclude that RD and TRE are a form of neural adaptation that is largely specific to the on/off channels of the proximal retina. Journal Article Kashiwagi, K 1980 Mature haploids and their reproductive capacity in Rana rugosa Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 4 217-237 Journal Article Kashiwagi, A 1981 Serum transferrin phenotypes of Rana japonica distributed in western Japan Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 155-165 Journal Article Kass, R.;E;D;E;Ullrey, and A.;L.;Trapp 1982 A study of calcium requirements of the red slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) J. Zoo Anim. Med. 1982 62 62-65 vet,vit PF x Journal Article Kass, R. E.;Ullrey, D.E.;Trapp, A.L. 1982 A study of calcium requirements of the red slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) J. Zoo Anim. Med. 62-65 vet,vit PF x Journal Article Kass, R.;E;D;E;Ullrey;A.;L.;Trapp 1982 A study of calcium requirements of the red slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) J. Zoo Anim. Med. 1982 62 62-65 vet,vit PF x Journal Article Katz, M. J. 1980 Allometry formula: a cellular model Growth 44 89-96 Journal Article Katz, Lawrence C.;Potel, Michael J.;Wassersug, Richard J. 1981 Structure and mechanisms of schooling in tadpoles of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis Animal Behaviour 29 20-33 Anura, tadpoles, schooling, orientation, size, density, illumination, lateral line, 145 Journal Article Katz, L. C.;Potel, M. J.;Wassersug., R. J. 1981 Structure and mechanisms of schooling in tadpoles of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Animal Behaviour 29 20-33 Journal Article Katz, L. C.;Potel, M. J.;Wassersug., R. J. 1981 Structure and mechanisms of schooling in tadpoles of the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis Animal Behaviour 29 20-33 Journal Article Kaung, H. C. 1981 Immunocytochemical localization of pancreatic endocrine cells in frog embryos and young larvae General and Comparative Endocrinology 45 204-211 Journal Article Kaung, H. C. 1983 Changes of pancreatic beta cell population during larval development in Rana pipiens General and Comparative Endocrinology 49 50-56 Journal Article Kavaliers, Martin 1980 Circadian rhythm of extraretinal photosensitivity in hatchling alligators, Alligator mississippiensis Photochemistry and Photobiology 32 67-70 Journal Article Kavaliers, M.;Ralph, C.L. 1980 Circadian organization of an animal lacking a pineal organ; the young American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis J. Comp. Physiol. 139A 4 287-292 AM, anatomy, activity, physiology, Journal Article Kavaliers, Martin;Ralph, Charles L. 1981 Encephalic photoreceptor involvement in the entrainment and control of circadian activity of young American alligators Physiology & Behavior 26 413-418 Journal Article Kawamura, T.;Nishioka, M. 1981 Developmental capacity and sex of gynogenetic diploids in Rana japonica and Rana tsushimensis Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 325-358 Journal Article Kay, B. K.;Gall, J. G. 1981 5S ribosomal RNA genes of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens Nucleic Acids Res 9 23 6457-9 Animal; Base Composition; Base Sequence; *Cloning, Molecular; DNA Restriction Enzymes; *Genes, Structural; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics; Salamandridae; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The genes which code for the 5S ribosomal RNA in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens have been cloned and analyzed. Two types of repeating unit were detected: a major type consisting of a 120 bp coding region with a 111 bp spacer, and a minor type composed of a coding region, a pseudogene, and a 113 bp spacer. The pseudogene is a 36 bp segment which corresponds to the 3' terminal third of the 5S RNA gene, and is situated immediately 3' to the gene, being separated from it by 2 bp. Two recombinant plasmids were obtained in which the major and minor units were arranged in an interspersed pattern. Journal Article Kay, B. K.;Schmidt, O.;Gall, J. G. 1981 In vitro transcription of cloned 5S RNA genes of the newt Notophthalmus J Cell Biol 90 2 323-31 Animal; Base Sequence; *Cloning, Molecular; Dna; DNA, Recombinant; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Notophthalmus viridescens; Oocytes; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Transcription, Genetic; Xenopus laevis Recombinant plasmids that carried genes coding for 5S ribosomal RNA of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, were transcribed in vitro with extracts of Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei. Plasmids containing multiple repeats of the 5S gene and spacer directed accurate transcription of 5S RNA (120 bases). Individual repeat units were recloned by inserting Sau 3A restriction fragments into the Bam HI site of plasmid pBR322. Because each repeat was cut by the enzyme within the coding region, the inserts had incomplete coding regions at their ends and spacer sequences in the middle. The DNA of these subclones directed synthesis of a 5S-size RNA that contained both plasmid and 5S RNA sequences. Transcription initiated in the vector, proceeded through the gene segment coding for nucleotides 41-120, and terminated at the end of the gene. The initiation of in vitro transcription required neither the original 5' flanking sequences of the spacer nor the first third of the gene. We conclude that intragenic DNA sequences control the initiation of transcription. Other subclones that include pseudogenes gave rise to some transcripts 156 nucleotides long. These long transcripts represented continuation of transcription through the 36-base-pair pseudogene that is located immediately downstream from the 5S gene. However, most transcripts of these subclones terminated at the end of the normal gene before the beginning of the pseudogene. It is probable that a run of four or more Ts serves as part of the termination signal. Book Kästle, Werner 1980 Echsen im Terrarium Stuttgart Kosmos 96 Journal Article Kästle, W. 1980 Lizards in the terrarium Echsen im Terrarium Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung Reptilia, sauria, management echsen,zucht,vet,vit,tech PF x Book Keegan, Hugh L. 1980 Scorpions of Medican Importance Jackson University Press of Mississippi x, 140 p. Journal Article Keen, W. Hubert;Orr, Lowell P. 1980 Reproductive cycle, growth, and maturation of Northern female Desmognathus ochrophaeus Journal of Herpetology 14 1 7-10 reproduction Journal Article Keen, W. Hubert 1982 Habitat selection and interspecific competition in two species of plethodontid salamanders Ecology 63 1 94-102 Journal Article Keen, W. H.;Travis, J.;juilianna, J. 1984 Larval growth in three sympatric Amybstoma salamander species: species differences and the effects of temperature Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 1043-1047 Journal Article Keen, W. H.;Travis, J.;Juilianna., J. 1984 Larval growth in three sympatric Ambystoma salamander species: species differences and the effects of temperature Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 1043-1047 Journal Article Kehr, A. I.;Capitulo, A. R. 1984 Biological studies on anurans (Amphibians) of the platense area. I. Energetic metabolism of larval stages of Bufo fernandezae and Hyla pulchella pulchella at different thermal regimes Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales 12 August 129-137 metabolism, metabolic rates, oxygen consumption, temperature, development, growth, growth, larvae, tadpoles, Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Bufonidae Book Keiser, Edmund D. 1982 The Poisonous Snakes of Mississippi with suggestions for the Emergency Treatment of Their Bites Jackson, MS Mississippi Department of Wildlife Conservation 16 Journal Article Keiser, Edmund D., Jr 1982 Oxybelis aeneus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 305 1-4 Book Keller, C.E.;Adams, J.K. 1983 Proceedings of a workshop on cetaceans and sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico: study planning for effects of outer continental shelf development U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. Journal Article Kephart, Donald G. 1980 Inexpensive telemetry techniques for reptiles Journal of Herpetology 14 3 285-290 telemetry Journal Article Kephart, D. G.;Arnold, S. J. 1982 Garter snake diets in a fluctuating environment: a seven year study Ecology 63 5 1232-1236 reptiles, food, competition, Bufo, niche overlap, optimal foraging, variation, Thamnophis Journal Article Kessel, R. G.;Ganion, L. R. 1980 Electron microscopic and autoradiographic studies on vitellogenesis in Necturus maculosus J Morphol 164 3 215-33 Animal; Autoradiography; Egg Yolk; Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure; Female; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Oocytes/*physiology/ultrastructure; *Oogenesis; Organoids/ultrastructure; Ovum/*physiology; Pinocytosis; Urodela/*physiology Electron microscope studies on Necturus maculosus oocytes ranging in size from 1.1-1.5 mm in diameter indicate the primary proteinaceous yolk to arise within structures referred to in other amphibian oocytes as yolk precursor sacs or bodies. The origin of these yolk precursor sacs appears to result from the activity of the Golgi complexes which form multivesicular and granular-vesicular bodies, the limiting membrane of which is at times incomplete. During differentiation, the yolk precursor sacs contain small vesicles similar in size to Golgi vesicles, larger vesicles similar to vesicular elements of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum and, on occasion, a portion of a mitochondrion. The interior of these sacs becomes granular, perhaps by a dissolution of the components just described, and soon becomes organized into a crystalline configuration. In oocytes 2.0-2.5 mm in diameter, an extensive micropinocytotic activity begins, continues throughout vitellogenesis, and constitutes the primary mechanism for the formation of secondary yolk protein. Numerous coated and smooth- surfaced vesicles, as well as electron-dense and electronlucent ones, fuse in the cortical ooplasm to form progressively larger yolk platelets. Journal Article Kessler, I. 1984 Etiology and management of adduction contracture of the thumb Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst 44 2 260-75 The most common etiological factors producing adduction contracture of the thumb are presented. Development of contracture in congenital deformities, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, cerebral palsy, burns, after snakebite, and as a consequence of trauma are each described. Journal Article Khaire, Anil;Khaire, Neelimkumar 1984 Birth od a bicephalus snake Hamadryad 9 3 7 Bicephalic Journal Article Khan, R.A.;Forrester, D.J.;Goodwin, T.M.;Ross, C.A. 1980 A haemogregarine from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) J. Parasitol. 66 2 324-328 AM, parasites Haemogregarina crocodilinorum Borner 1901 is redescribed from the blood of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Gametocytes occurred in erythrocytes and erythrocytic schizonts contained about eight merozoites (range, 6--12). Gametogony and sporogony occurred in the gut of the leech, Placobdella multilineata and intracellular, unisporocystic oocysts were found within epithelial cells of the leech's intestinal wall. Presumed sporozoites were present in the intestinal contents. Attempts to transmit the parasite via leeches failed. The haemogregarine was widely distributed in southern United States and was found in 77 (59%) of 130 alligators examined. A comparison of this parasite is made with other haemogregarines reported from crocodilian reptiles. Journal Article Khan, M. S. 1982 Distribution of snakes in Pakistan Hamadryad 7 1 4-5 Pakistan Journal Article Khan, N. S.;Schwabl, U.;Trincker, D. E. 1982 Sensory transduction and neuronal transmission as related to ultrastructure and encoding of information in different labyrinthine receptor systems of vertebrates Arch Otorhinolaryngol 236 1 27-39 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Labyrinth/anatomy & histology/*innervation; Lizards; Receptors, Sensory/physiology/*ultrastructure; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; *Synaptic Transmission; Turtles; Vertebrates/*physiology Mechano-electric transduction and neuronal transmission were studied in sensory systems ascending from and descending to single receptor cells of the labyrinth organs in submammalian vertebrates. The animals were young crocodiles (Caiman crocodilus), geckos (Gekko gecko, Tarentola mauritanica), and turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans, Chinemys reevesii). Intracellular receptor potentials from the apical region of the hair cell (or from the ciliary surface) were recorded in the ampullar, macular, and papillar sensory cells. These single-cell responses are, within limits, proportional to stimulus amplitude, frequency, or phase and are bidirectional in that they show depolarization by kinociliopetal stereociliar displacement and hyperpolarization by kinociliofugal displacement. Synaptic potentials (presynaptic from the basal region of the hair cell, postsynaptic from the contacting nerve endings) were recorded in the utricular, saccular, and lagenar neuroepithelia with electron-optic localization of the in situ fixed microelectrode tip. As local excitatory or inhibitory processes, respectively, they follow the stimulus and receptor potential with latency and with nonlinear distortion. Action potentials (spikes), as synchronized by the excitatory synaptic potentials, were recorded from single nerve fibers or bipolar cells, related to ampullar, macular, or papillar receptor units. Unit responses and synaptic potentials were recorded from the first, second, and following centripetal and central neurons of the ascending systems, or from neurons of the descending systems in the brain stem or from centrifugal neurons. Such records were achieved during adequate mechanical or acoustical stimulation of the different receptor systems, with additional electrical stimulation, uni- or bilaterally. Thus, the influence of centripetal-centrifugal bilateral interaction on the receptor functions was measured, as inhibition or disinhibition, respectively. The input-output relations of these sequential stages of information transfer were plotted as histograms of different types, as characteristic curves, power spectra, or by correlation operations, with or without feedback, from the different systemic levels.U Journal Article Khan, M. S. 1982 Collection, preservation and identification of amphibian eggs from the plains of Pakistan Pakistan J. Zool. 14 241-243 Journal Article Khan, M. S. 1982 Key to the identification of amphibian tadpoles from the plains of Pakistan Pakistan J. Zool. 14 133-145 Journal Article Khan, M. S. 1983 Amphibian fauna of Pakistan Hamadryad 8 1 6-7 Pakistan Journal Article Kharin, V. E. 1981 A review of sea snakes of the genus Aipysurus (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) Zoological Zhurnal 60 2 257-264 Journal Article Kharin, V. E. 1983? A new species of the genus Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae) from the north Australian Shelf Zoological Zhurnal 62 1751-1753 macdowelli Journal Article Kharin, V. E. 1984 Sea snakes of the genus Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae). On taxonomic status of the New Guinea H. obscurus Zoological Zhurnal 63 4 630-632 Journal Article Kharin, V. E. 1984 A review of sea snakes of the group Hydrophis sensu lato (Serpentes, Hydrophiidae): The genus Leioselasma Zoological Zhurnal 63 10 1535-1546 Journal Article Ki, P. F.;Kishimoto, Y. 1984 The lipid composition of urodele myelin which lacks hydroxycerebroside and hydroxysulfatide J Neurochem 42 4 994-1000 Animal; Cerebrosides/*analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Lipids/*analysis; Microscopy, Electron; Myelin Sheath/*analysis; Necturus; Notophthalmus viridescens; Rana catesbeiana; Rats; Spinal Cord/ultrastructure; Sulfatides/*analysis; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela The concentrations of cerebrosides and sulfatides were measured in the nervous systems of urodeles and related orders with a high performance liquid chromatographic technique. The peripheral and central nervous systems of all three urodele species, Necturus maculosis (mud puppy, a salamander), Notophthalmus viridescens (eastern red spot newt), and Desmognathus ochropheus (mountain salamander), were found to be completely devoid of alpha-hydroxy fatty acid-containing cerebrosides and sulfatides. All species of reptiles and fish classes close to urodeles contain these galactolipids. The levels of nonhydroxy fatty acid-containing cerebrosides and sulfatides are essentially similar in both urodeles and reptiles. Myelin isolated from Necturus spinal cord had a specific density of 1.07, lighter than mammalian myelin. Except for the absence of hydroxycerebrosides and hydroxysulfatides, the lipid composition of Necturus spinal cord myelin is essentially similar to that of frog and rat myelin. The fatty acids of nonhydroxycerebrosides are rich in monounsaturated homologs of C22-C25, and the sphingoid base consists of both sphinganine and sphingosine. Electron microscopic examination of the sciatic nerve showed that the general structure and interlamellar distances of salamander and newt myelin are identical to those of frog, chameleon, and rat. Necturus myelin, therefore, can be used as a model for the study of the functional and structural role of hydroxygalactolipids. Journal Article Kiel, J.L. 1983 Paget's disease in snakes AAZV 24-27 201-207 Reptilia, serpentes, snake, pathology, bone, paget's disease, infection, Aeromonas 160590 MDL DGB, Reprint Endnote 93/370 Journal Article Kien, Tran 1984 Breeding of cobras in Vietnam Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 215-217 Journal Article Kiester, A. Ross 1982 A new forest skink from Ponape Breviora 468 1-10 Journal Article Kiew, Bong Heang 1984 Conservation status of Malaysian Amphibians Malayan Naturalist 37 4 6-10 Journal Article Kilham, P. 1982 The biogeochemistry of bog ecosystems and the chemical ecology of Sphagnum Michigan Bot. 21 159-168 Journal Article Killingley, J. S.;Lutcavage, M.E. 1983 Loggerhead turtle movements reconstructed from 18O and 13C profiles from commensal barnacle shells Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf-Science 16 345-349 loggerhead; migration Book Kilmon, Jack;Shelton, Hooper 1981 Rattlesnakes in America: Part I. A biology of the rattlenskaes and their impact on human society. Part II. A history of the Sweetwater Jaycees Rattlesnake Roundup Sweetwater, Texas Shelton Press vi + 234 Book Kilmon, Jack;Shelton, Hooper 1981 Rattlesnakes in America: Part I. A biology of the rattlesnakes and their impact on human society. Part II. A history of the Sweetwater Jaycees Rattlesnake Roundup Sweetwater, Texas Shelton Press vi + 234 Journal Article Kimani, James Kirumbi;Mungai, Joseph Maina 1983 Observations on the structureand innervation of the presumptive carotoid sinus area in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) ACTA Anat. 115 117-133 circulation Journal Article King, Max 1980 C-banding studies on Australian hylid frogs: Secondary constriction structure and the concept of euchromatin transformation Chromosoma (Berlin) 80 191-217 Amphibia, anura, karyotype, chromosome, australia, hylidae, pelodryadinae, litoria, cyclorana Conference Proceedings King, Max 1981 A cytotaxonomic analysis of Australian hylid frogs of the genus Litoria 169-75 Journal Article King, Max 1982 A new species of Gehyra (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from central Australia Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 106 4 155-158 Book Section King, F.W.;Campbell, H.W.;Moler, P.E. 1982 Review of the status of the American crocodile Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 84-98 Journal Article King, Max 1984 Three new species of Oedura (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from the Mitchell Plateau of North Western Australia Amphibia-Reptilia 5 329-337 Thesis Kingsmill, S.F. 1980 Orientation in loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings (Caretta caretta): the time course of transient circling behaviour following unilateral and asynchronous bilateral blindfolding Journal Article Kingsmill, S.F.;Mrosovsky, N. 1982 Sea-finding behaviour of loggerhead hatchlings: the time course of transient circling following unilateral and asynchronous bilateral blindfolding Brain, Behavior and Evolution 20 29-42 orientation; loggerhead Journal Article Kinnish, R. 1981 Hatching of long necked tortoises Thirlmere lakes national Park Herpetofauna 12 2 3 Journal Article Kinsella, J.M. 1982 Alligator predation on round-tailed muskrats Fla. Field Nat. 10 4 79 AM, food, FL Journal Article Kirkpatrick, M. 1982 Sexual selection and the evolution of female choice Evolution 36 1-12 Book Section Kirsche, Walter 1983 Uber einen Besonderen Typus von Carapax-Missbildung aus drei Gelegen (1979-1981) einer Testudo hermani hermani Gmelin Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 239-244 Journal Article Kirsche, Walter 1984 An F2-generation of Testudo hermanni hermanni Gmelin bred in Captivity with remarks on the breeding of Mediterranean tortoises 1976-1981 Amphibia-Reptilia 5 31-35 Journal Article Kiseleva, E. I.;Manteifel., Y. B. 1982 Behavioral reactions of Bufo bufo and Rana temporaria tadpoles to chemical stimuli Zool. Zhur. 61 1669-1681 Journal Article Kiseleva, E. I. 1984 Responses of behavioral reactions in the Rana temporaria tadpoles to chemical stimuli under the conditions of pretreatment Zool. Zhur. 63 1046-1054 Book Klauber, Laurence M. 1982 Rattlesnakes: Their habits, Life Histories, & Influence on Mankind. (Abridged edition) Berkeley, CA University of California Press 350 Rattlesnakes Book Klauber, Laurence M. 1982 Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind Berkeley, CA University of California Press xv + 350 Journal Article Kleeberger, Steven R. 1984 A test of competition in two sympatric populations of Desmognathine salamanders Ecology 65 6 1846-1856 Journal Article Klein, S. L.;Graziadei., P. P. C. 1983 The differentiation of the olfactory placode in Xenopus laevis: a light and electron microscope study Journal of Comparative Neurology 217 17-30 Journal Article Klewen, Reiner;Knauf, Anja;Meinhold, Angelika 1984 Vegetation und Amphibienfauna eines Regenrückhaltebeckens in Duisburg - ein Beitrag zum Artenschutz in Ballungsräumen Natur und Heimat 44 4 119-128 Journal Article Klinke, R.;Pause, M. 1980 Discharge properties of primary auditory fibres in Caiman crocodilus: comparisons and contrasts to the mammalian auditory nerve Exp Brain Res 38 2 137-50 Acoustic Nerve/*physiology; Acoustic Stimulation; Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Auditory Threshold/physiology; Cochlea/physiology; Comparative Study; Evoked Potentials; Hair Cells/physiology; Loudness Perception/physiology; Mammals; Nerve Fibers/physiology; Neurons/physiology Single fibre recordings were performed from the auditory nerve of the caiman, Caiman crocodilus. All neurones were spontaneously active (1-80 imp/s). Clicks evoked multiple peaks in the post stimulus time histogram spaced at 1/CF. At high intensities irregularities were observed. The latencies of the first peak observable were intensity- dependent and related to CF. The number of peaks was correlated with tuning properties of the fibre. Frequency threshold curves were asymmetrical, with low frequency slopes less steep than high frequency slopes. Q10 dB was between 1.5 and 7 with best tuning at high CF. CF ranged from 30 Hz to 2.8 kHz, lowest thresholds down to 5 dB SPL. Intensity functions were nonmonotonic. In isointensity contours the best frequency shifted downwards with increasing stimulus level. At highest levels a response dip was observed above CF. Phase locking, two tone suppression and excitability by combination tones were observed. In comparison to the mammalian cochlea similarities and differences were found. Journal Article Klosterman, Lorrie L. 1983 The ultrastructure of germinal beds in the ovary of Gerrhonotus coeruleus (Reptilia: Anguidae) Journal of Morphology 178 247-265 Journal Article Kluge, A. G. 1980 Donald W. Tinkle (1930-1980) Copeia 1980 3 572-575 Journal Article Kluge, A. G. 1981 The life history, social organization, and parental behavior of Hyla rosenbergi Boulenger, a nest-building gladiator frog Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 160 June 10 1-170 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, morphology, clutch size, eggs, growth, nest, metamorphosis, suvivorship, population biology, predation, vocalization, calls, mating system Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1981 The life history, social organization, and parental behavior of Hyla rosenbergi Boulenger, a nest-buildling Gladiator frog Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 160 1-170 Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1981 Book review: The terrestrial Environment and the Origin of Land Vertebrates Systematic Zoology 30 4 508-511 Journal Article Kluge, A. G. 1982 Cloacal bones and sacs as evidence of gekkonoid lizard relationships Herpetologica 38 3 348-355 reptiles, systematics, Aristelliger, phylogeny Journal Article Kluge, A. G. 1982 The status of the parthenogenetic gekkonid lizard Gehyra variegata ogasawarasimae Okada Journal of Herpetology 16 1 86-87 reptiles, unisexual Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1982 Cloacal bones and sacs as evidence of Gekkonid Relationships Herpetologica 38 3 348-355 Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1982 The cladistic perspective Science 215 51-52 Journal Article Kluge, A. G. 1983 Epidermal gland evolution in gekkonoid lizards Journal of Herpetology 17 1 89-90 reptiles, exocrine glands, Journal Article Kluge, A. G. 1983 Cladistic relationships among gekkonid lizards Copeia 1983 2 465-475 reptiles, systematics, morphology Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1983 Type-specimens of Amphibians in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 166 1-68 Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1983 Cladistic relationships among Gekonid lizards Copeia 1983 2 465-475 Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1984 Type-specimens of reptiles in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 167 1-85 Book Section Knowles, Kevin R.;Clothier, Richard H.;Balls, Michael 1983 Lesions induced in Xenopus laevis by exposure to Dimethylnitrosamine Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 141-145 Journal Article Kobayashi, D.;Mautz, W. J.;Nagy, K. A. 1983 Evaporative water loss: humidity acclimation in Anolis carolinensis lizards Copeia 1983 3 701-704 reptiles, dessication, plasticity Book Section Kobel, Hans Rudolf 1983 Pathology of deviations from diploidy in Xenopus Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 207-210 Journal Article Kochva, Elazar;Nakar, Ora;Ovadia, Michael 1983 Venom toxins: plausible evolution from digestive enzymes American Zoologist 23 427-30 Venom; Evolution Journal Article Kofron, Christopher P. 1980 Sperm of the coachwhip Masticophis flagellum (Serpentes: Colubridae), and a method of preparation for scanning electron microscopy of vertebrate spermatozoa Southwestern Naturalist 25 1 118-120 Journal Article Kofron, Christopher P.;Dixon, James R. 1980 Observations on aquatic colubrid snakes in Texas Southwestern Naturalist 25 1 107-109 Journal Article Kofron, Christopher P. 1982 A review of the Mexican snail-eating snakes, Dipsas brevifacies and Dipsas gaigeae Journal of Herpetology 16 3 270-286 Journal Article Kofron, Christopher P. 1982 The identities of some dipsadine snakes: Dipsas elegans, D. ellipsifera and Leptognathus andrei Copeia 1982 1 46-51 Journal Article Kofron, Christopher P. 1982 A review of the Mexican snail-eating snakes, Dipsas brevifacies and Dipsas gaigeae Journal of Herpetology 16 3 270-286 Journal Article Kofron, Christopher P. 1982 The identities of some Dipsadine snakes: Dipsas elegans, D. ellipsifera and Leptognathus andrei Copeia 1982 1 46-51 Journal Article Kofron, Christopher P. 1983 Female reproductive cycle of the neotropical snail-eating snake Sibon sanniola in northern Yucatan, Mexico Copeia 1983 4 963-969 Journal Article Kollros, J. J. 1984 Growth and death of cells of the mesencephalic fifth nucleus in Rana pipiens larvae Journal of Comparative Neurology 224 386-394 Book Section Konstantinov, A.;Ippen, R. 1983 Erythroleukosis with presence of virus particles in two Boa constrictor Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 123-128 Book Section Konstantinov, A. 1983 Leukosis and tumours with viral etiology in reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 183-184 Journal Article Konstantinov, A.;Ippen, R. 1983 Erythroleucosis with presence of virus particles in two Boa constrictor Proc. 1st Int. Coll. on pathology of Reptiles and amphibians. 29-9-20-10 1982, Angers. Vago, C. and Matz G. Eds. 123-128 reptilia, serepentes, Boa constrictor, infection, virus, leucosis vet,serp,virus WI x Journal Article Korneluk, Robert G.;Anderson, Meri-Jo;Liversage, Richard Albert 1982 Stage dependency of forelimb regeneration on nerves in postmetamorphic froglets of Xenopus lasvis Journal of Experimental Zoology 220 331-342 Journal Article Korneluk, R. G.;Liversage, R. A. 1984 Effects of radius--ulna removal on forelimb regeneration in Xenopus laevis froglets J Embryol Exp Morphol 82 9-24 Animal; Bone Regeneration; Cartilage/physiology; Cell Differentiation; Comparative Study; Forelimb/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens/physiology; Radius/*physiology; *Regeneration; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors; Ulna/*physiology; Xenopus laevis/*physiology Regeneration of boneless amputated forearms of adult newts was found to progress at a rate and to a degree comparable to amputated control limbs in which stump bones were not removed. In contrast, regeneration of boneless amputated Xenopus froglet forearms was significantly delayed and did not occur until two to three weeks following amputation. This is in comparison with the initiation of distal cartilage formation observed one week postamputation in control forelimbs of Xenopus froglets. The regeneration of cartilage in boneless forearms of adult newts was found to occur distal to the amputation level. In contrast, distal as well as proximal (centripetal) regeneration of cartilage was observed in the amputated boneless forearms of Xenopus. In froglets and newts, unamputated forelimbs in which forearm bones were extirpated did not initiate cartilage regeneration. Our findings support the hypothesis that forelimb regeneration in Xenopus froglets is primarily a tissue response. In comparison, limb regeneration in the adult newt is predominantly an epimorphic response. Journal Article Kosh, R. J. 1982 Daily rhymthmicity of temperature tolerance in eastern painted turtles, Chrysemys picta Copeia 2 244-246 daily, temperature, painted, turtles, photoperiods Journal Article Koshikawa, Akihiro 1982 Three new species of reptiles from Hainan Island, Guangdong Province Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1982 53 1-9 xenopeltis hainanensis unicolor dinodon rosozonatum trimeresurus stejnegeri bungarus fasciatus achalinus hainanus rufescens meridianus cuora hainanensis cyclemys flavomarginata acanthosaura armata calotes microlepis bungarus niger Journal Article Koshy, Mammen;Inger, Robert 1983 Natural communities of amphibians and reptiles in tropical forests of Kerala Hamadryad 8 1 9-13 Journal Article Kotagama, S. W.;Arudpragasam, K. D.;Kotalawala, I. 1981 A check list of amphibia of Sri Lanka UNESCO: Man and the Biosphere National Committee for Sri Lanka 10 1-8 Journal Article Kothbauer, H.;Schenkel-Brunner., H. 1981 Immunochemical investigations on fish eggs and toad spawn: on the appearance of glycosidases during the hatching process Zoologischer Anzeiger 206 354-360 Journal Article Kottra, G.;Fromter, E. 1984 Rapid determination of intraepithelial resistance barriers by alternating current spectroscopy. I. Experimental procedures Pflugers Arch 402 4 409-20 Animal; Comparative Study; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology/instrumentation; Epithelium/physiology; Gallbladder/*physiology; Mathematics; Necturus maculosus; Spectrum Analysis/*methods A method has been developed to determine rapidly and simultaneously the resistance of the tight junctions, the resistance of the lateral intercellular space, and the resistances and capacitances of the apical and basolateral cell membrane in leaky epithelia by alternating current spectroscopy. The present paper describes the experimental procedures. Multi-frequency sine-wave currents are simultaneously applied across the tissue and the transepithelial and intracellular voltage responses are recorded with shielded microelectrodes, digitized, and stored in a computer. Using Fast Fourier Transform techniques the frequency- dependent transepithelial impedance and an apparent basal cell membrane impedance are then calculated from the voltage and current waveform. By fitting appropriate model circuits to the data the above listed individual resistances can be deduced. The model calculations and the fit results are described in the subsequent paper [14]. In the present design the analysis covers the frequency range between 2.5 Hz and 12.5 kHz. The minimal measuring time is in the order of 1-2s. Journal Article Kottra, G.;Fromter, E. 1984 Rapid determination of intraepithelial resistance barriers by alternating current spectroscopy. II. Test of model circuits and quantification of results Pflugers Arch 402 4 421-32 Animal; Comparative Study; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium/physiology; Gallbladder/*physiology; *Models, Biological; Necturus maculosus; Oxygen/pharmacology; Perfusion; Spectrum Analysis/*methods; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The impedance of Necturus gallbladder epithelium was measured with transepithelial and intracellular microelectrodes in different transport states. The data are analysed with five electrical equivalent circuits, which differ with respect to the configuration of the paracellular shunt path (lumped vs distributed model of the lateral space), and of the apical cell membrane (non-ideal capacitance or surface amplification by micro-tubular infoldings). Least square fits indicate: 1. that the lumped model cannot represent the epithelium properly, even under control conditions; 2. that the distributed model, which considers the lateral intracellular space separately as a cable- like structure, describes the data well, both under control conditions and during collapse of the lateral spaces; and 3. that the above indicated variations of the apical membrane configuration improve the fits, but have little effect on the magnitude of the calculated circuit parameters. Quantitatively the analysis of 214 measurements on 25 gallbladders under control conditions yields the following results: The resistances of the tight junctions, of the lateral intercellular space, and of the apical and basal cell membrane are Rj = 123, Rlis = 35.5, Ra approximately 3,500, and Rb = 225 (all in omega cm2), and the capacitances of the cell membranes are Ca = 4.95 and Cbl = 26.5 (mu F/cm2). In oxygen deficiency and after cessation of chamber perfusion transport decreased, the spaces collapsed, and Rlis increased to approximately 130 omega cm2. Although the accuracy of the estimated Ra values is still limited, the analysis shows that it is possible to determine Rj and Rlis separately and to follow their changes in response to experimental maneuvers. Journal Article Kowalski, L. A.;Walsh, A. W.;Merrow, M.;Paulekus, W.;Mackin, W.;Grasso, J. A. 1984 Characterization and comparative immunoreactivity of antibody to newt (T. cristatus) globins Comp Biochem Physiol A 78 2 393-9 Animal; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*immunology; Comparative Study; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Globin/*immunology; Hemoglobins/immunology; Human; Immune Sera/analysis; Immunodiffusion; Immunoelectrophoresis; Notophthalmus viridescens; Rana pipiens; Salamandridae/*immunology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Xenopus laevis Rabbit antisera to newt (T. cristatus) globin were produced by repeated injections of globin and antiglobin antibodies purified by chromatography on globin-Sepharose 4B. Ouchterlony and SDS PAGE analysis indicated that the material eluted from the affinity column was rabbit IgG. The antiglobin antibodies tested by immunodiffusion and ELISA cross-reacted with native hemoglobin and globin from T. cristatus and to varying extents with globins of N. viridescens, R. pipiens and X. laevis, but not with human globin. The degree of cross-reactivity appeared to parallel the evolutionary relatedness of these species, suggesting common antigenic determinants among globins of various vertebrate species. Edited Book Kozlowski, Janusz K. 1982 Excavation in the Bacho Kiro Cave (Bulgaria): Final Report Warszawa Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 172 + 3 maps Journal Article Kraemer, J.E.;Bennett, S.H 1981 Utilization of posthatching yolk in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta. Copeia 2 406-411 Reptilia, Testudines, sea turtle Caretta caretta, physiology, yolk rest. Journal Article Kraemer, Jed E.;Bennett, Stephen H. 1981 Utilization of posthatching yolk in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta Copeia 1981 406-411 Journal Article Kraemer, J.E.;Bennett, S.H. 1981 Utilization of posthatchling yolk in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta Copeia 1981 2 406-411 loggerhead; hatchling Journal Article Kramek, William C.;Stewart, Margaret M. 1980 Ontogenetic and Sexual Differences in the Pattern of Rana septentrionalis Journal of Herpetology 14 4 369-376 development Journal Article KRAMER, L.;DRESSER, B.L.;MARUSKA, E.J. 1983 Sexing aquatic salamanders by laparoscopy Am. Ass. Zoo vets 192-194 Amphibia, urodeles, salamander, anatomy, sexing, laparoscopy 210390 MDL DGB Amph 9, Reprint Endnote 93/369 Journal Article Kraus, Fred;Shuett, Gordon W. 1981 An integrade Lampropeltis triangulum from West Texas Herpetological Review 12 2 53 Journal Article Kraus, F.;Schuett, G. W. 1982 A herpetofaunal study of the coastal zone of northwest Ohio KIRTLANDIA No 36 21-54 Journal Article Krause, D. W. 1980 Early Tertiary amphibians from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming Papers on Paleontology 24 69-71 Thesis Krause, S.E. 1983 Reproductive characteristics of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in North Carolina (unpublished) 85 Journal Article Krebs, Uwe 1983 Ökologie und Vergleichende Psychologie am Beispiel der lernexperimentellen Forschung an Reptilien Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 63 vi, 1-189 Journal Article Krebs, S. L.;Brandon, R. A. 1984 A new species of salamander (family Ambystomatidae) from Michoacan, Mexico Herpetologica 40 3 238-245 Caudata, Ambystomatidae, Ambystoma andersoni, description, larvae, metamorphosis, relationships, distribution, ecology, taxonomy, C. America, Mexico, 409 Journal Article Krishnamurthy, V.S.;Bhaskaran, R. 1981 Some observations on the growth of captive crocodiles J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 516-521 CPL, CPR, growth, India Journal Article Krishnan, M. 1980 A python killing large prey Hamadryad 5 3 8-9 Journal Article Krisspil, Nissim 1984 The snake as the symbol of medicine Hardun 2 35-39;65 Folklore; Medicine; Symbolism Journal Article Kruse, K. C. 1981 Mating success, fertilization potential, and male body size in the American toad (Bufo americanus). Herpetologica 37 228-233 Journal Article Kruse, K. C. 1983 Optimal foraging by predaceous diving beetle larvae on toad tadpoles Oecologia 58 383-388 Dytiscus fasciventris, Bufo americanus, feeding behavior, handling time, rate expectation hypothesis, marginal ingestion rate Journal Article Kruse, K. C.;Stone., B. M. 1984 Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) learn to avoid feeding on toad (Bufo) tadpoles Animal Behaviour 32 1035-1039 Journal Article Krzysik, A. J. 1980 Microhabitat selection and brooding phenology of Desmognathus fuscus fuscus in western Pennsylvania Journal of Herpetology 14 3 291-292 amphibians, Desmognathus, behavior, reproduction Journal Article Krzysik, A. J. 1980 Trophic aspects of brooding behavior in Desmognathus fuscus fuscus Journal of Herpetology 14 4 426-428 amphibians, Desmognathus, behavior, reproduction Journal Article Krzysik, Anthony J. 1980 Microhabitat Selection and Brooding Phenology of Desmognathus fuscus fuscus inWesternPensylvania Journal of Herpetology 14 3 291 dusky salamander Journal Article Krzysik, A. J. 1980 Microhabitat selection and brooding phenology of Desmognathus fuscus fuscus in western. Pennsylvania. Journal of Herpetology 14 291-292 Journal Article Kubokawa, K.;Ishii, S. 1980 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors in the testis of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, and comparison of temperature dependency of the receptors with those of the other vertebrates Gen Comp Endocrinol 40 4 425-33 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Cold; Comparative Study; Coturnix; FSH/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Male; Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride/pharmacology; Pigeons; Rats; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism; Reptiles; Salamandridae/*metabolism; Testis/*metabolism; Urodela/*metabolism; Xenopus Journal Article Kuchling, G. 1981 Seasonal variations of the oxygen consumption and the blood glucose concentration under low temperature conditions in the male Tortoise, Testudo hermanni hermanni GMELIN. Amphibia Reptilia 2 235-241 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, Testudo hermanni hermanni, physiology, season, oxygen consumption, blood glucose, temperature Journal Article Kuffler, S. W. 1980 Slow synaptic responses in autonomic ganglia and the pursuit of a peptidergic transmitter J Exp Biol 89 257-86 Acetylcholine/pharmacology; Animal; Ganglia, Autonomic/drug effects/*physiology; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/physiology; Ganglia, Sympathetic/physiology; Gonadorelin/pharmacology/physiology; Necturus maculosus; Neuromuscular Junction/physiology; Neurons/physiology; Neurotransmitters/*physiology; Peptides/*physiology; Ranidae; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology; *Synaptic Transmission Journal Article Kulshrestha, V. V.;Khan, R. A.;Gupta, B. B. 1984 Thermal response of the monitor lizard, Varanus monitor, to increased Na+ and Ca2+ in cerebrospinal fluid Indian J Exp Biol 22 9 475-8 Journal Article Kulyk, W. M.;Zalik, S. E. 1982 Synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan in newt iris during lens regeneration Differentiation 23 1 29-35 Animal; Comparative Study; Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis; Iris/*metabolism; Lens, Crystalline/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Distribution Edited Book Kumari, E. 1982 The Red Data Book of Estonia S.S.R. Valgus Tallinin 248 p. Book Kundert, Fred 1984 Das neue Schlangenbuch in Farbe Zürich Albert Müller Verlag 39 + 196 color plates Journal Article Kuntze, A. 1981 Therapeutical possibilities and limitations in reptiles Therapiemöglichkeiten und -grenzen bei Reptilien Mh. Vet. Med. Berlin 36 5 187-196 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, pathology, diseases, survey, therapy vet Fernl x. Susceptibility to disease; Environmental temperature; Feed-; Skin diseases; Digestive system diseases; Respiratory diseases; Metabolic disorders; Trauma-; Surgical operations; Anaesthesia-; and injectionstechniques are discussed. Journal Article Kuramoto, Mitsuru;Wang, Chin-Shiang;Yü, Hong-Tsen 1984 Breeding, larval morphology and experimental hybridization of Taiwanese brown frogs, Rana longicrus and R. sauteri Journal of Herpetology 18 4 387-395 Book Kurka, A.;Pfleger, V. 1984 Jedovatí zivocichové Nové Mesto Academia Praha 165 + 64 plates Journal Article Kusano, T. 1980 Breeding and egg survival of a population of a salamander, Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis Tago Res. Popul. Ecol. 21 181-196 Caudata, Amphibia, season, survivorship Journal Article Kusano, T. 1981 Growth and survival rate of the larvae of Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis Tago (Amphibia, Hynobiidae) Researches on Population Ecology 23 2 360-378 salamander, Caudata, population, survivorship, mortality Journal Article Kusano, T. 1982 Postmetamorphic growth, survival, and age at first reproduction of the salamander, Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis Tago in relation to a consideration on the optimal timing of first reproduction Researches on Population Ecology 24 2 329-344 Amphibia, Caudata, reproductive biology Journal Article Kusano, T.;Miyashita, K. 1983 Effects of neutral red staining on the growth and survival of Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis larvae Japanese Journal of Herpetology 10 2 27-32 Amphibia, Caudata, salamander, marking, methods, techniques Journal Article Kusano, T.;Miyashita, K. 1984 Dispersal of the salamander, Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis Journal of Herpetology 18 3 349-353 Amphibia, Caudata, spatial distribution, seasonality Journal Article Kushlan, J.A.;Kushlan, M.S. 1980 Function of nest attendance in the American alligator Herpetologica 36 1 27-32 AM, nest, parental care, attack, behavior, visual, agonistic, FL Journal Article Kushlan, J.A.;Kushlan, M.S. 1980 Everglades alligator nests: Nesting sites for marsh reptiles Copeia 1980 4 930-932 AM, nest, ecological role, FL Journal Article Kushlan, James A.;Kushlan, Marilyn S. 1980 Function of nest attendance in the american alligator Herpetologica 36 1 27-32 mating Journal Article Kushlan, J.A.;Simon, J.C. 1981 Egg manipulation by the American alligator J. Herpetol. 15 4 451-454 AM, parental care, nest, FL Book Section Kushlan, J.A. 1982 The status of crocodilians in south Florida Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 99-107 Journal Article Kushlan, J.A.;Mazzotti, F.J. 1984 Environmental effects on a coastal population of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus J. Herpetol. 18 3 231-239 Journal Article Kuttin, E. S.;Muller, J. 1981 Trichosporon beemeri sp nov Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 47 3 255-65 Alligators and Crocodiles/microbiology; Animal; Carbohydrates/metabolism; Culture Media; Deuteromycetes/*classification/cytology/physiology Journal Article Kuwana, T.;E. Ninomiya, Y. Miyamaya, A. Ukeshima, T. Fujimoto 1980 Ultrastructural observations on primordial germ cells in extragonadal locations of the turtle embryo, Caretta caretta Kumamoto Med. J. 33 3 59-65 Journal Article Künzle, H. 1983 Spinocerebellar projections in the turtle. Observations on their origin and terminal organization. Exp. Brain Res. 53 129-141 Book Section Kwapena, N.;Bolton, M. 1982 The national crocodile project in Papua New Guinea A summary of policy and progress Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 315-321 Journal Article La Marca, E.;Smith, H. M. 1982 The anuran named Hyla loveridgei Rivero Caribbean Journal of Science 18 1-4 21 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, nomenclature, systematics Journal Article La Marca, E.;Smith, H. M. 1982 Eleutherodactylus colostichos, a new frog species from the Paramo de los Conejos, in the Venezuelan Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 700 June 10 1-8 new species, Amphibia, Anura, distribution, morphology, description Journal Article La Marca, Enrique;Smith, Hobart M. 1982 Eleutherodactylus colostichos, a new frog species from the Páramo de los Conejos in the Venezuelan Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 700 1-8 Journal Article La Marca, Enrique 1983 A new frog of the genus Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from a Venezuelan cloud forest Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 54 1-12 new species sp. nov. sorianoi Journal Article La Marca, E. 1984 Eleutherodactylus vanadise sp. nov. (Anura, Leptodactylidae): First cloud forest Eleutherodactylus from the Venezuelan Andes Herpetologica 40 1 31-37 Amphibia, systematics, new species, description, morphology, osteology Journal Article La Marca, E. 1984 Longetivity in the Venezuelan yellow frog Atelopus oxyrhynchus carbonerensis (Anura: Bufonidae) Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 87 1-2 66-67 Amphibia Journal Article La Marca, Enrique 1984 Eleutherodactylus vanadise sp. nov. (Anura, Leptodactylidae): first cloud forest Eleutherodactylus from the Venezuelan Andes Herpetologica 40 1 31-37 Journal Article Lacerta 1980 38(9) Turkey; Mabuya brevicollis; Ghana; Python regius; Natrix anoscopus; Boiga pulverulenta; Boiga blandingi; Psammophis phillipsi; Bitis gabonica; Bitis nasicornis; naja Journal Article Lacerta 1980 38(7) Ophisaurus apodus; Podarcis lilfordi; Ghana; Mochlus; Panaspis; Varanus niloticus ornatus; Varanus exanthematicus; Basiliscus vittatus Journal Article Lacerta 1980 38(6) Ptychozoon; Cophoscincopus durus; Ghana Journal Article Laerm, J.;Freeman, B. J.;Vitt, L. J.;Meyers, J. M.;Logan, L. 1980 Vertebrates of Okefenokee Swamp Brimleyana 4 47-73 Florida, reptiles, Journal Article Lal, S.;Basu, D. 1982 Sexing and sex ratios of gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) raised in captivity J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 79 688-691 GG, reproduction, techniques, captive breeding, Journal Article Lamar, William W.;Medem, Federico 1982 Notes on the chelid turtle Phrynops rufipes in Colombia (Reptilia: Testudines: Chelidae) Salamandra 18 3/4 305-321 Journal Article Lamar, William W.;Medem, Federico 1982 Notes on the chelid turtle Phrynops rufipes in Colombia Salamandra 18 3/4 305-321 Journal Article Lamar, William W.;Medem, Federico 1982 (1984) Notes on the chelid turtle Phrynops rufipes in Colombia (Reptilia: Testudines: Chelidae) Salamandra 18 3/4 305-321 Journal Article Lamar, W.W. 1984 Federico Medem (29 August 1912- 1 May 1984) Herpetologica 40 4 468-472 miscellaneous, Journal Article Lamb, A. H. 1981 Target dependency of developing motoneurons in Xenopus laevis Journal of Comparative Neurology 203 157-171 Journal Article Lamb, T. 1983 On the problematic identification of Kinosternon (Testudines: Kinosternidae) in Georgia, with new state localities for Kinosternon bauri Georgia J. Sci. 41 115-120 reptiles, morphology, Journal Article Lamb, T. 1983 The striped mud turtle (Kinosternon bauri) in South Carolina, a confirmation through multivariate character analysis Herpetologica 39 4 383-390 reptiles, morphometrics, morphology, species Journal Article Lamb, Trip 1983 The striped mud turtle (Kinosternon bauri) in South Carolina: a confirmation through multivariate character analysis Herpetologica 39 383-390 reptilia, testudines, kinosternidae, kinosternon, morphometrics, Steel Creek Journal Article Lamb, T. 1984 Amplexus displacement in the southern toad, Bufo terrestris Copeia 1984 4 1023-1025 amphibians, reproduction, competition Journal Article Lamb, T. 1984 The influence of sex and breeding condition on microhabitat selection and diet in the pig frog Rana grylio American Midland Naturalist 111 2 311-318 amphibians, reproduction, food, diet Journal Article Lamborghini, J. E. 1980 Rohon-Beard cells and other large neurons in Xenopus embryos originate during gastrulation Journal of Comparative Neurology 189 323-333 Journal Article Lametschwandtner, A.;Laminger, A.;Slattenschek., W. 1982 Eine experimentelle Anordunung zur Erfassung des Crowd-Effektes bie Kaulquappen des Suedafrikanischen Krallenfrosches Xenopue laevies (Daudin) Zoologischer Anzeiger 209 145-155 Journal Article Lametschwandtner, A.;Laminger, A.;Slattenschek., W. 1982 Eine experimentelle Anordnung zur Erfassung des Crowd-Effektes bei Kaulquappen des Suedafrikanischen Krallenfrosches, Xenopus laevis (Daudin) Zoologischer Anzeiger 209 145-155 Conference Proceedings Lance, V.A. 1980 Plasma testosterone in captive and wild-caught male alligators with preliminary observations on the spermatic cycle (Abstract) Conference Proceedings Lance, V. 1981 The endocrine system of the alligator 89-93 Journal Article Lance, V.A. 1981 Reproduction in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis MS AM, reproduction, biochemistry, LA Conference Proceedings Lance, V. 1982 Trace elements, vitamin E and glutathione peroxidase in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis 17-30 Journal Article Lance, V.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1983 Selenium, vitamin E, and trace elements in the plasma of wild and farm-reared alligators during the reproductive cycle Can. J. Zool. 61 1744-1751 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, alligator, physiology, blood, values, vitamin E, selenium, reproduction Journal Article Lance, Valentine A.;Joanen, Ted;McNease, Larry 1983 Selenium, vitamin E, and trace elements in the plasma of wild and farm-reared alligators during the reproductive cycle Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 8 1744-1751 Journal Article Lance, Valentine A.;Lauren, Darrel 1984 Circadian variation in plasma corticosterone in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, and the effects of ACTH injections General and Comparative Endocrinology 54 1-7 Journal Article Lance, V.A.;Hamilton, J.W.;Rouse, J.B.;Kimmel, J.R.;Pollack, H.G. 1984 Isolation and characterization of reptilian insulin, glucagonistic, and pancreatic polypeptide: complete amino acid sequence of alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) insulin and pancreatic polypeptides Can. J. Zool 61 1 1744-1751 AM, biochemistry, LA The insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin contents of acid-alcohol extracts of alligator pancreas have been estimated by heterologous radioimmunoassay, and the insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide have been isolated. The amino acid sequences of the insulin and pancreatic polypeptide were determined. The sequence of the insulin A chain is identical to that of chicken insulin A chain, while the B chain exhibits three conservative substitutions when compared to that of the chicken. Pancreatic polypeptide from the alligator is similar in sequence to that of chicken PP, but contains seven substitutions, most of which are conservative and preserve characteristics essential for conformation. The amino acid composition of alligator glucagon is identical to that of duck glucagon. Journal Article Lance, V.A. 1984 Endocrinology of reproduction in male reptiles Symp. zool. Soc. Lond. 52 357-383 AM, reproduction, biochemistry, LA Book Section Lance, Valentine 1984 Endocrinology of reproduction in male reptiles Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 357-383 Journal Article Lancini V., Abdem Ramon 1982 Serpientes de Venezuela: Distribución geographica y altitudinal de generos de serpientes en Venezuela Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 95-103 Journal Article Lande, R. 1980 Sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in polygenic characters Evolution 34 2 292-305 genetics, sexual selection, Drosophila Journal Article Lande, R. 1981 Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78 6 3721-3725 evolution, models, sexual selection, speciation, Book Section Landers, J.L. 1980 Recent research on the gopher tortoise and its implications The Dilemma of the Gopher Tortoise - Is There a Solution? 8-14 Journal Article Landers, J.L.;J.A. Garner, W.A. McRae 1980 Reproduction of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus in southwestern Georgia Herpetologica 36 4 353-361 Book Section Landers, J.L.;Garner, J.A. 1981 Status and distribution of the gopher tortoise in Georgia R. Odum, J. Guthrie Proceedings of the Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Symposium Journal Article Landers, J.L.;W.A. McRae, J.A. Garner 1982 Growth and maturity of the gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus in southwestern Georgia, USA Bull. Fla. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 27 2 81-110 Journal Article Landers, J. Larry;McRae, W. Alan;Garner, James A. 1982 Growth and maturity of the Gopher Tortoise in Southwestern Georgia Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 27 2 81-110 Journal Article Landsmeer, J. M. F. 1981 Digital morphology in Varanus and Iguana Journal of Morphology 168 289-295 Reptiles, lizards, morphology, fingers, toes, muscles, skeleton Book Section Landsmeer, Johan M. F. 1984 Morphology of the anterior limb in relation to sprawling gait in Varanus Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 27-45 Conference Proceedings Lane, T.;Cardeilhac, P. 1982 Alligator farming cost projections 14-16 Journal Article Lane, T.J.;Boyce;Reinhard;Larsen;Poulos;King;Buergelt;Cardeilhac 1984 Disease problems in farm-raised hatchling alligators on Florida alligator farms Int. Assoc. Aquatic Anim. Med. 1 1 9-12 AM, disease, farming, FL Journal Article Lang, J.W. 1980 Reproductive behaviors of New Guinea and Saltwater crocodiles MS CNV, CPR, reproduction, behavior, vocal, visual, agonistic, parental care, nest farming Conference Proceedings Lang, J.W. 1980 Reproductive behaviors of New Guinea and Saltwater crocodiles (Abstract) Journal Article Lang, J.W. 1980 Behaviors of the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) and the freshwater crocodile (C novaeguineae) and recommendations on captive breeding Unpubl. prelim. rep. to Wildl. DivDept. Lands & Environ., PNG 7 CPR, CNV, behavior, courtship, captive breeding, farming, Australia Journal Article Lang, J.W. 1981 Thermal preferences of hatchling New Guinea crocodiles: effects of feeding and ontogeny J. Therm. Biol. 6 73-78 CNV, temperature, food, growth, Journal Article Lang, J.W. 1982 Ontogeny of thermal preference in young American alligators Am. Zool. 22 4 AM, temperature, growth, Journal Article Langerwerf, B. A.W. 1980 The successful breeding of lizards from temperate regions In: Townson Reptilia, sauria, propagation, management, food, feeding echsen,zucht,vet,vit,tech PF,WP x Journal Article Langerwerf, Bert 1980 De herpetofauna van Oezbekistan (4) Lacerta 38 7 58 Journal Article Langerwerf, B. 1981 The southern alligator lizard, Gerrhonotus multicarinatus BLAINVILLE 1935: its care and breeding in captivity Br. Herp. Soc. Bull. 4 21-25 Reptilia, sauria, southern alligator lizard, Gerrhonotus multicarinatus, propagation, food, feeding, management echsen,zucht,vit PF x Journal Article Langerwerf, B. 1983 Notes on management an breeding of Agama caucasica (EICHWALD 1831) . with notes on effectvie breeding, of other palearctic lizards. Haltung und Zucht von Agama caucasica (EICHWALD, 1831) (Sauria: Agamidae), nebst Bemerkungen zur erfolgreichen Zucht weiterer palaearktischer Echsen Salamandra 1983 11 11-20 echsen,zucht,vit IB x Journal Article Langerwerf, Bert 1984 Techniques for large-scale breeding of lizards from temperate climates in greenhouse enclosures (breeding many species of lizards in captivity, aiming the maintenance of populations of each species outside their natural habitat) Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 163-176 Journal Article Langerwerf, B 1984 Techniques for large-scale breeding of lizards from temperate climates in greenhouse enclosures Acta Zool. Path. Antverp. 78 163-176 Reptilia, sauria, lizards, Lacerta sp. Agama sp., Ophisaurus, sp. Gerrhonotus, sp., Acanthodactylus, sp., Eremias, sp., Algyroides, sp., Gallotia, sp., Podarcis , sp., greenhouse Journal Article Lannoo, Michael J.;Bachmann, Marilyn D. 1984 Aspects of cannibalistic morphs in a population of Ambystoma t. tigrinum larvae American Midland Naturalist 112 1 103-109 growth food habits Journal Article Lannoo, M. J.;Bachmann., M. D. 1984 On flotation and air breathing in Ambystoma tigrinum larvae: stimuli for and the relationship between these behaviors Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 15-18 Journal Article Lanteri, A.;R. Lloze, H. Roussel 1981 Diving and heart beat compounds in the marine turtle Caretta caretta (Linne) (Reptilia, Testudines) Amphibia-Reptilia 1 3-4 337-341 Journal Article Lanteri, A. 1982 Note sur un important rassemblement de Caretta caretta (Reptila [sic], Testudines) au large de la c\^ote oranaise Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. 23 63-65 Journal Article Lanza, B.;Vanni, S. 1981 On the biogeography of Plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia Caudata) with a description of a new genus Monitore Zool. Ital. n.s. 15 117-121 Hydromantes; Hydromantoides n. gen.; New genus; Plethodontidae; Biogrography; Journal Article Lanza, Benedetto 1981 A check-list of the Somali Amphibians Monitore Zoologico Italiano 15 10 151-186 Journal Article Lanza, Benedetto;Corsi, M. 1981 Notes on Scincopus fasciatus (Peters) with a description of a new subspecies (Reptilia Scincidae) Monitore Zoologico Italiano n.s. supplemento 14 3 17-29 Journal Article Lanza, Benedetto 1983 A list of the Somali amphibians and reptiles Monitore Zoologico Italiano 18 8 193-247 Book Lanza, Benedetto 1983 guide per il Riconoscimento delle specie animali delle acque interne Italiane. 27. Anfibi, Rettili (Amphibia, Reptilia) Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche vi, 196 p. Journal Article Lanza, Benedetto 1984 Sul significato biogeografico delle isole fossili, con particolare riferimento all' Arcipelago Pliocenico della Toscana Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. e Museo Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 125 3-4 145-158 Journal Article Lanza, B.;Nascetti, G.;Capula, M.;Bullini, L. 1984 Genetic relationships among west Mediterranean Discoglossus with the description of a new species (Amphibia Salientia Discoglossidae) Monitore Zoologico Italiano 18 133-153 Journal Article Lapennas, G.N.;Lutz, P.L. 1982 Oxygen affinity of sea turtle blood Resp. Physiol. 48 59-74 Journal Article Lara-Gongora, Guillermo 1983 Two new species of the lizard genus Sceloporus (Reptilia, Sauria, Iguanidae) from the Ajusco and Ocuilan Sierra, Mexico Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 19 1 1-14 Conference Proceedings LaRochelle, L. 1982 Commercial activities with American alligators 7 Journal Article Larras-Regard, E.;Taurog, A.;Dorris, M. 1981 Plasma T4 and T3 levels in Ambystoma tigrinum at various stages of metamorphosis Gen Comp Endocrinol 43 4 443-50 Ambystoma/*blood/growth & development; Animal; Larva/metabolism; *Metamorphosis, Biological; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thyroxine/*blood; Triiodothyronine/*blood Conference Proceedings Larsen, R.E.;Cardeilhac, P. 1981 Collection and maintenance of semesn for artificial insemination 100-106 Journal Article Larsen, L. O.;Pedersen, J. N. 1982 The snapping response of the toad, Bufo bufo, towards prey dummies at very low light intensities Amphibia-Reptilia 2 321-327 Amphibians, toads, behavior, predation, light, vision, feeding Conference Proceedings Larsen, R.E.;DeSena, R.R.;Puckett, H.M.;Cardeilhac, P.T. 1982 Collection of semen for artificial insemination 42-43 Journal Article Larsen, R. E.;Buergelt, C.;Cardeilhac, P. T.;Jacobson, E. R. 1983 Steatitis and fat necrosis in captive alligators J Am Vet Med Assoc 183 11 1202-4 Acute Disease; Adipose Tissue/pathology; *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Animal Feed/*adverse effects; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary; Fat Necrosis/epidemiology/etiology/pathology/*veterinary; Female; Fish Oils/adverse effects; *Fishes; Florida; Georgia; Male; Necrosis/*veterinary; *Reptiles; Steatitis/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology Steatitis and fat necrosis were identified in a group of 123 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) kept in an enclosed pond and fed a diet of only fish for more than 10 years. All affected animals were outwardly healthy and had had no signs of disease in the period immediately before slaughter. The diagnosis was made at the time of commercial slaughter for harvest of meat and hides. Lesions consisted of firm yellow-brown masses distributed in fat tissue throughout the body. The histopathologic diagnosis was granulomatous steatitis, with fat necrosis, based on the finding of multinucleated giant cells, ceroid, and multiple foci of inflammatory cells. Journal Article Larsen, R.E.;Lane, T.J.;Cardeilhac, P.T. 1984 Collection and preservation of semen in the American alligator Int. Assoc. Aquatic Anim. Med. 1 1 108 AM, reproduction, techniques, FL Journal Article Larson, Allan 1980 Paedomorphosis in relation to rates of morphological and molecular evolution in the salamander Aneides flavipunctatus (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) Evolution 34 1 1-17 Journal Article Larson, Alan 1981 A reevaluation of the relationship between genome size and genetic variation American Naturalist 118 1 119-125 plethodon cinereus Journal Article Larson, Bob;Vijaya, J. 1981 [Iguana iguana hatchlings] Hamadryad 6 1 13 Iguana iguana Journal Article Larson, Allan;Wake, David B.;Maxson, Linda R.;Highton, Richard 1981 A molecular phylogenetic perspective on the origins of morphological novelties in the salamanders of the tribe Plethodontini (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) Evolution 35 3 405-422 Journal Article Larson, Bob;Vijaya, J. 1981 [Python molurus hatchlings] Hamadryad 6 1 12 Python molurus Journal Article Larson, Allan;Wake, David B.;Maxon, Linda R.;Highton, Richard 1981 A molecular phylogenetic perspective on the origins of morphological novelties in the salamanders of the tribe Plethodontini (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) Evolution 35 3 405-422 Journal Article Larson, A. 1984 Neontological inferences of evolutionary pattern and process in the salamander family Plethodontidae Evolutionary Biology 17 119-217 Amphibia, Urodela, taxonomy, genetics, adaptive zone, morphology, biogeography Journal Article Lasher, Douglas N. 1980 A bicephalic Crotalus horridus from Alabama Herpetological Review 11 4 89 dicephalic Journal Article Latsis, R. V.;Saraeva., N. Y. 1980 Development of hemopoietic tissue in Rana temporaria Arkh. Anat. Gistol. Embriol. 78 100-105 Journal Article Lauder, George V. 1981 Form and function: structural analysis in evolutionary morphology Paleobiology 7 4 430-442 Journal Article Lauren, D.J.;Lance, V.A. 1982 Effect of salt stress on electrolyte balance and corticosterone titer in the alligator Am. Zool. 21 4 913 AM, biochemistry, osmoregulation, LA Journal Article Laurent, R. F. 1983 Contribución al conocimiento de la estructura taxonómica del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 1 3 16-18 Liolaemus Journal Article Laurent, R. F. 1983 Sinonimia del género Pelosaurus Donoso-Barros con Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 1 1 9-10 Liolaemus; Pelosaurus Journal Article Laurent, Raymond F. 1984 La phylogenese des ranoidea et le cladisme. [The phylogeny of the ranoidea and cladistics] Alytes 3 3 97-101 taxonomy Journal Article Laurent, Raymond F. 1984 Heterogeneidad de la familia caeciliidae (Amphibia-Apoda) Acta Zool. Lilloana 37 198-200 Journal Article Laurent, Raymond F. 1984 El genero Leptotyphlops en la coleccion de la Fundacion Miguel Lillo Acta Zoologica Lilloana 38 1 29-34 Journal Article Lavilla, E. O. 1983 Consideraciones sobre el régimen ileófago en larvas de Hyla pulchella andina de la Sierra de Metán Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 1 2 1-3 Hyla pulchella andina Journal Article Lavilla, E. O. 1984 Larvas de Telmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) de la Provincia de Tucuman (Argentina) Acta Zool. Lilloana 38 69-79 Journal Article Lavilla, E. O. 1984 Redescripcion de larvas de Hyla pulchella andina (Anura: Hylidae) con un analisis de la variabilidad interpoblacional Neotrópica 30 19-30 Journal Article Lawler, Howard E. 1982 Conservation, education, and propagation programs for Gopherus agassizii (Cooper) at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 70-72 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Lawrence, K. 1982 Passage of ingesta in tortoises Vet. Rec. (November 1982 20 testu,vet Fernl x Journal Article Lawrence, K. 1983 Alphaxalone/alphadolone anaesthesia in reptiles The Veterinary Record 112 26-28 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, anesthesia, Alphaxalone/Alphadolone 210390 MDL DGB Rept 61, Reprint Endnote 93/425 Journal Article LAWRENCE, K.;JACKSON, O.F. 1983 Alphaxalone/alphadolone anaesthesia in reptiles. Vet. Rec. 112 26-28 Reptilia, serpentes, anesthesia, Alphaxalone/alphadolone Journal Article Lawrence, K.;and, O.;F.;Jackson 1983 Inappetant tortoises Vet. Rec. 1983 487 vet,testu Fernl x Journal Article Lawrence, K. 1983 Praziquantel (Droncit) as a taeniacide in snakes Veterinary Record 113 200 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, helminth, cestode, therapy, prazyquantel. Droncit 270390 MDL DGB Rept 105 Journal Article Lawrence, K. 1984 Ivermectin as an ectoparasiticide in snakes Veterinary Record 115 441 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, acari, mite, therapy, ivermectin 270390 MDL DGB Rept 102 Journal Article Lawrence, K.;P;W;Muggleton, and J.;R.;Needham 1984 Preliminary study on the use of ceftazidime, a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, in snakes Res. Vet. Sci. 1984 16 16-20 serp,vet,bakt Fernl x Journal Article Lawrence, K.;J;R;Needham, G.;H;Palmer, and J.;C.;Lewis 1984 A preliminary study on the use of carbenicillin in snakes J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 1984 119 119-124 serp,vet,bakt Fernl x Journal Article Lawson, Robin;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1981 Electrophoretic Evaluation of the Colubrid Genus Elaphe (Fitzinger) Isozyme Bull. 14 83 Systematics, taxonomy Lampropeltis Utah Journal Article Layton, C.F. 1981 Endangered and threatened species; Proposal to change the legal status of the American alligator in 52 parishes in Louisiana Fed. Register 46 84 24607-24611 AM, management, distribution, LA Journal Article Lazell, James D. 1980 Lesser Anitllean Anolis (Sauria, Iguanidae) in the British Museum Journal of Herpetology 14 2 194-195 anole Journal Article Lazell, J.D. 1980 New England waters: critical habitat for marine turtles Copeia 1980 2 290-295 leatherback; ridley; migration Journal Article Lazell, J.D. 1980 Marine turtles in India Copeia 1980 2 374-375 ridley; green; hawksbill Journal Article Lázár, G. Y.;P. Tóth, G. Y. Csank;Kicliter., E. 1983 Morphology and location of tectal projection neurons in frogs: a study with HRP and cobalt-filling Journal of Comparative Neurology 215 108-120 Journal Article Leclair, R., Jr.;Bourassa., J.-P. 1981 Observation et analyse de la prédation des oeufs d'Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw)(Amphibia, Urodela) par des larves de Diptrés chironomids, dans la region de Trois-Rivi res (Qu bec). Canadian Journal of Zoology 59 1339-1343 Journal Article Leclercq, F.;Schnek, A. G.;Braunitzer, G.;Stangl, A.;Schrank, B. 1981 Direct reciprocal allosteric interaction of oxygen and hydrogen carbonate sequence of the haemoglobins of the Caiman (Caiman crocodylus), the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) and the Mississippi crocodile (Alligator mississippiensis) Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 362 8 1151-8 Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood; Allosteric Site; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Bicarbonates/*blood; Comparative Study; Egypt; Hemoglobins/*metabolism; Macromolecular Systems; Oxygen/blood; Oxyhemoglobins/*metabolism; Peptide Fragments/analysis; Reptiles/*blood; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Trypsin; United States; West Indies Journal Article Leclercq, F.;Stangl, A.;Schrank, B.;Vandecasserie, C.;Paul, C.;Schnek, A. G.;Leonis, J.;Braunitzer, G. 1982 Caiman crocodylus hemoglobin Complete primary structures of alpha and beta chains; phylogenic and regulatory aspects Int J Pept Protein Res 20 4 337-50 Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Comparative Study; Cyanogen Bromide; Evolution; *Hemoglobins/metabolism; Oxygen/metabolism; Reptiles/*blood; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Trypsin In some reptiles, the hemoglobin oxygen affinity is lowered by CO2 and not by the usual phosphate cofactors. To understand the molecular mechanism of this regulation, Caiman crocodylus hemoglobin's primary structure has been determined. The alignment of the 141 residues of the alpha chain as well as the 146 of the beta chain were obtained by classical method of sequence analysis and are compared with some mammalian, avian, amphibian, and fish hemoglobin chains. Furthermore, from these sequences, it is possible to explain the non-interaction of phosphorylated cofactors with the caiman deoxyhemoglobin on the basis of mutations of the amino acids responsible for their fixation on the beta chain. Among these residues only lysine beta 82 is unchanged. In addition a site has been proposed for the fixation of HCO3- which involves ionic bonds with serine beta 1 and glutamic acid beta 144 (Perutz et al. (1981) Nature 291, 682-684) (1). Journal Article Lee, J. C. 1980 An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of the Yucatan Peninsula Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas 67 1-75 distribution, physiography, climate, vegetation, density, endemism, evolution Journal Article Lee, J. C. 1980 Variation and systematis of the Anolis sericeus complex (Sauria: Iguanidae) Copeia 1980 2 310-320 reptiles, lizards, morphological, relationships, PCA, geography, dimorphism, Journal Article Lee, J. C. 1980 Comparative thermal ecology of two lizards Oecologia (Berl.) 44 171-176 reptiles, temperature, Anolis, thermoregulation, perch, height, substrate Journal Article Lee, Julian C. 1980 An Ecogeographic Analysis of the Herpetofauna of the Yucatan Peninsula Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 67 1-75 Yucatan; Mexico Journal Article Lee, J. C.;Crump, M. L. 1981 Morphological correlates of male mating success in Triprion petasatus and Hyla marmorata (Anura: Hylidae) Oecologia (Berl.) 50 153-157 amphibians, reproduction, Mexico, Conference Proceedings Lee, A.F. 1981 Drugs, anesthetics and toxic conditions in alligators 52-57 Journal Article Lee, D.S.;Palmer, W.M. 1981 Records of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea (Linnaeus), and other marine turtles in North Carolina waters Brimleyana 5 95-106 Journal Article Lee, Julian C. 1982 Accuracy and precision in anuran morphometrics: artifacts of preservation Systematic Zoology 31 3 266-281 Conference Proceedings Lee, A.F. 1982 Blood lead concentrations in free-ranging alligators 47-52 Journal Article Lee, Julian C. 1983 Anolis sericeus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 340 1-2 Book Lee, Alfonso Silva 1984 Chipojos bayoyas y camaleones Habana, Cuba Ed. Científico-Técnica 84, 64 color plates Journal Article Leffler, Charles W.;Hanson, Robert C.;Schneider, Edward G. 1980 Effects of prostaglandins and prostaglandin precursors on the arterial pressure of the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66C 199-202 catesbeiana Journal Article Legler, John;Cann, John 1980 A new geneus and species of chelid turtle from Queensland Australia Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 324 1-18 Rheodytes leukops n. sp.; Rheodytes n. gen. Journal Article Legler, J.M.;Cann, J. 1980 A new genus and species of chelid turtle from QLD, Australia Contrib. Sci. Natur. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County 324 1-18 Rheodytes, new species Journal Article Legler, John;Cann, John 1980 A new genus and species of chelid turtle from Queensland Australia Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 324 1-18 Rheodytes leukops n. sp.; Rheodytes n. gen. Journal Article Leibovitz, H. E.;D. D. Culley, Jr.;Geaghan., J. P. 1982 Effects of vitamin C and sodium benzoate on survival, growth and skeletal deformities of intensively cultured bullfrog larvae Rana catesbeiana reared at two pH levels. J. World Maricult. Soc. 13 322-328 Journal Article Leibovitz, H. E.;D. D. Culley, Jr.;Geaghan., J. P. 1982 Effects of vitamin C and sodium benzoate on survival, growth and skeletal deformities of intensively cultured bullfrog larvae Rana catesbeiana reared at two pH levels J. World Maricult. Soc. 13 322-328 Journal Article LEJA, M. 1984 Blähungen bei Amphibien: Mögliche Ursachen und Behandlungen Das Aquarium 175 6 318-320 Amphibia, anura, meteorismus, therapy Mainly due to nutritional mismanagement, an extreme production of gas (meteorismus) may occur in the intestine. An exemple is rotten tubifex. Animals should be kept as dry as possible. If allowed to stay in the water, the waterlevel should be lowered, to prevent the animals from turning on their back; this prevents drowning. Journal Article Leja, M. 1984 Swellings in amphibia: possible causes and therapies. Blähungen bei Amphibien: Mögliche Ursachen und Behandlungen Das Aquarium 175 6 318-320 Amphibia, anura, meteorismus, therapy Mainly due to nutritional mismanagement, an extreme production of gas (meteorismus) may occur in the intestine. An exemple is rotten tubifex. Animals should be kept as dry as possible. If allowed to stay in the water, the waterlevel should be lowered, to prevent the animals from turning on their back; this prevents drowning. Journal Article Leloup, Paul 1984 Various aspects of venomous snake breeding on a large scale Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 177-197 Journal Article Lema, Thales de 1980 Ocirrência de Typhlops reticulatus (L., 1766) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e comentários sobre a espécie (Ophidia: Typhlopidae) Iheringia. Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre 56 7-14 Journal Article Lema, Thales de 1980 Ocorrência de Typhlops reticulatus (L., 1766) no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e comentários sobre a espécie (Ophidia: Typhlopidae) Iheringia Sér. Zool. 56 7-14 Journal Article Lema, Thales de 1982 Fauna de Serpentes da Província Pampeana e inter-relações com as províncias limítrofes Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 173-182 Journal Article Lema, Thales de 1983 Bipedalia em Tupinambis teguixin (Linneaeus, 1758). (Suaria, Teiidae) Iheringia. Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre 62 89-119 Journal Article Lema, T. de 1983 Bipedalia em Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus, 1758), (Sauria, Teiidae) Iheringia. Ser. Zool., Porto Alegre 62 89-119 Reptiles, lizards, tegu, bipedilism, performance, locomotion, sprint speed, Brazil Journal Article Lema, Thales de 1984 Sobre o gênero Elapomorphus Wiegmann, 1843 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Elapomorphinae) Iheringia 64 53-86 Journal Article Lemen, Cliff A.;Voris, Harold K. 1981 A comparison of reproductive strategies among marine snakes Journal of Animal Ecology 50 89-101 lapemis hardwickii enhydrina schistosa hydrophis fasciatus thalassophina viperina acalyptophis peronii aipysurus eydouxii acrochordus granulatus brookii caerulescens cyanocinctus melanosoma ornatus torquatus microcephalus gracilis reproduction Journal Article Lemieux, G.;Craan, A. G.;Quenneville, A.;Lemieux, C.;Berkofsky, J.;Lewis, V. S. 1984 Metabolic machinery of the alligator kidney Am J Physiol 247 4 Pt 2 F686-93 Acid-Base Equilibrium; Alligators and Crocodiles/*physiology; Amino Acids/metabolism; Animal; Electrolytes/blood/urine; Energy Metabolism; Kidney/metabolism/*physiology; Kinetics; Liver/metabolism; Muscles/metabolism; Organ Specificity; Reptiles/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Temperature Crocodilians such as caimans and alligators are uricotelic and ammoniotelic animals. They are carnivorous but they excrete ammonium ions in an alkaline urine. The metabolic organization of the kidney of the Mississippi alligator was studied by measuring the renal metabolite profile, the activities of enzymes, and the behavior of kidney tubules in vitro. The liver and tail muscle were also studied. Both awake and anesthetized animals were in a state of low plasma bicarbonate and low blood pH with high plasma lactate concentration. This did not prevent the excretion of an alkaline urine (pH 7.76). alpha-Ketoglutarate was low in all three tissues and lactate was high. Glutamate concentration and glutamate dehydrogenase activity were highest in the kidney with a low equilibrium constant for alanine aminotransferase (KGPT). Glutaminase I was found only in the kidney. It could not be detected in liver or muscle. Glutamine synthetase was found only in the liver. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was present in both liver and kidney. Alanine aminotransferase and malic enzyme showed high activity in the kidney but were inconspicuous in liver and muscle. Malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were present in all three tissues. Renal tubules incubated with glutamine and alanine were ammoniagenic and gluconeogenic. Lactate was gluconeogenic. Enzyme activities were measured at both 30 and 37 degrees C. The studies on renal tubules were also performed at these two temperatures. Temperature had little effect on the data including acid-base values in the blood. Our findings demonstrate that the kidney of the alligator is perfectly equipped for various metabolic functions and especially for ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis. Journal Article Lemus, D.;Illanes, J.;Fuenzalida, M.;Vega, Y. Paz de la;Garcia, M. 1981 Comparative analysis of the development of the lizard, Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. II. A series of normal postlaying stages in embryonic development Journal of Morphology 169 337-349 Reptiles, lizards, development, morphology, eggs, ovoviviparous, Andes Journal Article Lemus, D.;Illanes, J.;Fuenzalida, M.;Paz de la Vega, Y.;Garcia, M. 1981 Comparative analysis of the development of the lizard Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. II. A series of normal postlaying stages in Embryonic development Journal of Morphology 169 337-349 Journal Article Lenarz, M.S.;Stoneburner, D.L. 1980 Temperature as an environmental cue in nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Cheloniidae) ASB Bull. 27 45 Journal Article Lenarz, M.S.;N.B. Frazer, M.S. Ralston, R.B. Mast 1981 Seven nests recorded for loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in one season Herp. Rev. 12 9 Journal Article Lenhardt, M.L. 1982 Bone conduction hearing in turtles J. Aud. Res. 22 3 153-160 Journal Article Lenhardt, M.L.;S. Bellmund, R.A. Byles, S.W. Harkins, J.A. Musick 1983 Marine turtle reception of bone-conducted sound J. Aud. Res. 23 119-125 Journal Article Leonard, Strond William;Baxter, Steven Dabney; 1980 The use of ketaset (ketamine hydrochloride) as a rapid acting anesthetic agent in 2 species of sympatric rattlesnakes. Proc.Nebr.Acad.Sci.Affil.Soc 90 2l Book Section Leong, J.K.;R.S. Wheeler, L.M. Lansford 1980 Tolerance and responses of normal and diseased loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) to some chemotheraputics J.W. Avault, Jr. Proc. 11th Ann. Mtg. World Maricult. Soc. Baton Rouge, LA. 291-302 Journal Article Lescure, J. 1981 Contribution à l'étude des amphibiens de Guyane française IX. Le têtard gastromyzophore d'Atelopus flavescens Duméril et Bibron (Anura, Bufonidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2 209-215 Journal Article Lescure, J. 1984 Las larvas de dendrobatidae [sic] [Proc.] II. Reunión Iberoamer. Cons. Zool.Vert. 37-45 Journal Article Lester, R.J.G.;D. Blair, D. Heald 1980 Nematodes from scallops and turtles from Shark Bay, Western Australia Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 31 713-717 Journal Article Leuck, B. E.;Carpenter, C. C. 1981 Shell variation in a population of three-toed box turtles (Terrapene carolina triunguis) Journal of Herpetology 15 1 53-58 reptiles, Chelonia Journal Article Levenson, C. H.;Woohull, A. M. 1980 The occurrence of a tetrodotoxin-like substance in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Toxicon 18 184-187 Journal Article Lewin, Roger 1984 Frog genes jump species Science 226 955 Journal Article Lewke, Robert E. 1982 Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki (Speckled Kingsnake). Food Herpetological Review 13 1 18 getula Journal Article Li, Simin;Yang, Datong;Su, Chengye 1984 Amphifauna of Southern Yunnan Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3(4) 59-62 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, distribution, dispersal, Ichtyophis, Tylototriton, Cynops, Bombina, Brachtarsophrys, Megophrys carinenesis, Megophrys giganticus, megophrys lateralis, Megophrys minor, Megophrys omeimontis, Megophrys palpebralespinosa, Megophrys parva, Megophrys sp., Ophryophryne microstoma, Carpphrys, Oreolalax jingdongensis, Vibrissaphra ailaonica, Leptobrachium chapaensis, Bufo andrewsi, Bufo, Hyla, Rana, Ooeidozyga, Staurois, Platymantis, Rhacophrus, Philautus, Callyella, Microhyla, Kalophrynus, Kaloula, Journal Article Liang, Fei;Yongzhao, Huang 1983 A new species of pelobatid toads from western Sichuan Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2(1) 71-75 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, Oreolalax xiangchengensis, new species, species description, oreolalax rugosus, Book Liat, Lim Boo 1982 Poisonous Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malayan Nature Society ix +73 Journal Article Lichtenfels, J.R.;Stewart, T.B. 1981 Three new species of Chapiniella nematoda strongloidea from tortoises Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 48 2 137-147 Journal Article Lieb, C. S.;Buth, D. G.;Gorman, G. C. 1983 Genetic differentiation in Anolis sagrai: a comparison of Cuban and introduced Florida populations Journal of Herpetology 17 1 90-94 reptiles, lizards, distance, evolution, electrophoresis Journal Article Lieb, Carl S.;Buth, Donald G.;Gorman, George C. 1983 Genetic differentiation in Anolis sagrai: A comparison of Cuban and introduces Florida populations Journal of Herpetology 17 1 90-94 Journal Article Lieberman, Alan 1980 Nesting of the Basilisk lizard, Basiliscus basiliscus Journal of Herpetology 14 1 103 reproduction, basilisk Journal Article Lieberman, Susan Sima;Rosskopf, Walter J., Jr 1984 Blood panel analysis of captive desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 105 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Liebermann, S.;and, W.;Rosskopf 1984 The normal hematology and serum chemistry of the Desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizzi Avian and Exotic Animal Practice 1 3 15-30 testu,vet,chem Fernl x Journal Article Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1980 Behavioral thermoregulation in Australian Elapid snakes Copeia 1980 3 452-458 Journal Article Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1981 Haemodynamic resposes to haemorrhage in the snake, Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta Journal of Experimental Biology 94 275-283 Book Section Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1982 Tracking as an aid in ecological studies of snakes Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 181-191 radio telemetry crotalus cerastes masticophis lateralis pituophis melanoleucus Book Section Lillywhite, H. B.;Maderson, P. F. A. 1982 Skin structure and permeability Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 397-442 Journal Article Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1982 Cannibalistic carrion ingestion by the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis Journal of Herpetology 16 1 95 Journal Article Lillywhite, H. B.;Pough, F. H. 1983 Control of arterial pressure in aquatic sea snakes American Journal of Physiology 244 R66-R73 reptiles, hemorrhage, blood volume, baroreflexes, catecholamines Journal Article Lillywhite, H. B.;Smits, A. W. 1984 Lability of blood volume in snakes and its relation to activity and hypertension J Exp Biol 110 267-74 Animal; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Exertion; Hypertension/physiopathology; Locomotion; Snakes/*blood; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The lability of blood volume and its relationship to locomotor activity was investigated in two species of snakes Elaphe obsoleta, Say and Crotalus viridis, Rafinesque. Repetitive measurements of blood volume, determined from changes in the specific activity of circulating 51Cr- labelled erythrocytes, indicated that 15 min of locomotor activity reduced blood volume by 21% due to filtration of plasma from capillaries. This magnitude of plasma translocation exceeds that measured in exercising mammals by factors of 2 to 7, depending on the intensity and duration of muscular activity. Activity produced changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit that were proportionately similar in both species, increasing approximately 57, 85 and 25%, respectively, above resting values. Arterial infusion of norepinephrine increased arterial pressure by more than 100% and reduced blood volumes 8.6 and 17.0% in Elaphe and Crotalus, respectively. These data demonstrate that blood volume varies substantially in relation to activity or the hypertensive state of these reptiles. Thus care must be employed in interpreting or comparing reported measurements of blood volume in these and probably other vertebrates. Journal Article Limerick, S. 1980 Courtship behavior and oviposition of the poison-arrow frog Dendrobates pumilio Herpetologica 36 69-71 dendrobatid, Dendrobates pumilio, oviposition, courtship behavior Journal Article Limpus, C.J. 1980 Observations of Crocodylus porosus in the northern Great Barrier Reef Herpetofauna 12 1 34 CPR, distribution, Australia Journal Article Limpus, C.J.;Miller, J.D. 1980 Potential problems in artificial incubation of turtle eggs Herpetofauna 12 1 23-24 incubation Journal Article Limpus, C.J.;J.D. Miller, P. Reed 1982 Intersexuality in a loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta Herp. Rev. 13 32-33 Book Section Limpus, C.J. 1982 The status of Australian sea turtle populations Bjorndal, K. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 297-303 Journal Article Limpus, C.J.;Miller, J.D.;Reed, P. 1982 Intersexuality in a loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta Herpetological Review 13 32-33 tsd; loggerhead Book Section Limpus, C.J.;P. Reed, J.D. Miller 1983 Islands and turtles: the influence of choice of nesting beach on sex ratio J.T. Baker, R.M. Carter, P.W. Sammarco, K.P. Stark Proc. Inaugural Great Barrier Reef Conf. Townsville, Qld. Australia James Cook Univ. Press 397-402 Journal Article Limpus, C.J.;Miller, J.D.;Baker, V.;McLachlan, E. 1983 The hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata (L.), in North-Eastern Australia: the Campbell Island rookery Australian Wildlife Research 10 185-197 hawksbill Book Section Limpus, C.J.;Reed, P.;Miller, J.D. 1983 Islands and turtles: the influence of choice of nesting beach on sex ratio Baker, J .T.;Carter, R. M.;Sammarco, P.W. and Stark, K.P. Proceedings: Inaugural Great Barrier Reef Conference JCU Press 397-402 loggerhead; sex ratio; temperature Journal Article Limpus, C.J. 1984 Identification of ovarian follicles and ovidcal eggs by cloacal examination of live Australian Freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni Aust. Wildl. Res. 11 203-204 CJ, reproduction, techniques, Australia Book Section Limpus, C.J.;A. Fleay, M. Guinea 1984 Sea turtles of the Capricornia Section, Great Barrier Reef W.T. Ward, P. Saenger R. Soc. Qd. Symp. Capricornia Section, Great Barrier Reef, Royal Soc. Qld. and Australian Coral Reef Soc. Queensland, Australia 61-78 Journal Article Limpus, C.J.;Fleay, A.;Baker, V. 1984 The flatback turtle, Chelonia depressa, in QLD: Reproductive periodicity, philopatry and recruitment Aust. Widl. Res. 11 579-587 reproduction Journal Article Lin, J.-I. 1980 Dessication tolerance and thermal maxima in the lizards Chamaeleo jacksoni and C. hohneli Copeia 1980 2 363-366 reptiles, temperature, thermal, water Journal Article Lin, J.-I.;Cheng, H.-Y. 1980 Notes on the corrected identification and redescription of a ground lizard, Platyplacopus kuehnei, with a revised key of the family Lacertidae from Taiwan Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia Sinica 19 2 63-65 reptiles, Journal Article Lin, J.-Y.;Cheng, H.-Y. 1981 A new species of Takydromus (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Taiwan Bull. Inst. Zool., Academia Sinica 20 1 43-47 reptiles, description, morphology Journal Article Lin, J.-I. 1981 Hormonal, behavioral and environmental regulation of reproduction cycle in lizards Symposium on hormones and reproduction 115-129 reptiles, Journal Article Lin, J.-I.;Nelson, C. E. 1981 Comparative reproductive biology of two sympatric tropical lizards Chamaeleo jacksonii Boulenger and Chamaeleo hoehnelii Steindachner (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 1 3-4 287-3111 reptiles, Kenya, Journal Article Lin, J.-I. 1982 Sperm retention in the lizard Chamaeleo hoehnelii Copeia 1982 2 488-489 reptiles, reproduction Journal Article Lin, J.;Lu, K. 1982 Population ecology of the lizard Japalura swinhonis formosensis (Sauria: Agamidae) in Taiwan Copeia 1982 2 425-434 reptiles, home range, density, sex ratio, microhabitat use Journal Article Lindinger, M. I. 1984 Fine structure of the abdominal epidermis of the adult mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus (Rafinesque) Cell Tissue Res 238 2 395-405 Abdomen; Animal; Epidermis/physiology/*ultrastructure; Leydig Cells/ultrastructure; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus/*anatomy & histology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The ventral epidermis of adult Necturus maculosus has been studied using electron and light microscopy. Many larval characteristics of amphibian epidermal structure are retained in adult Necturus. The epidermis is a stratified epithelium consisting of four cell layers and five cell types. Major differences compared with other adult amphibians are: the absence of a well defined moulting cycle together with an apparently diminished synthetic and mitotic activity in the stratum germinativum; an outermost cell layer (stratum mucosum) that is unkeratinized and appears to synthesize a mucous layer; and numerous large club-shaped Leydig cells which span the epidermis between the cells of the stratum germinativum and stratum mucosum. The apical region of the stratum granulosum and stratum mucosum cells shows evidence of extensive synthesis. The stratum mucosum appears to be involved in the secretion of vesicular contents onto the outermost surface of the epithelium. The external surfaces of the stratum mucosum cells possess numerous microridges which are supported by an intricate network of cytofilaments in the apical region of these cells. The significance of these features is discussed in relation to the physiology and ecology of this species. Journal Article Lindquist, Kathleen L.;Appleton, Ariel B. 1982 Some observations on activity patterns of captive Bolson tortoises (Gopherus flavomarginatus) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 162-172 Journal Article Liner, E. A. 1982 Book Review: Early Herpetological Studies and Surveys in the Eastern United States Southwestern Naturalist 27 1 125-126 book review Journal Article Liner, E. A. 1982 Obituary: Richard M. Johnson Copeia 1982 4 987 obituary Journal Article Liner, E. A. 1982 Regina grahami. Coloration Herp. Review 13 2 48 color, snakes, reptiles Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1982 Book review: Early herpetological studies and surveys in the Eastern United States, and Herpetological explorations of the great American West Southwestern Naturalist 27 1 125-126 Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1983 Tantilla wilcoxi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 345 1-2 Journal Article Linke, R. 1980 Cobras, crocodiles, and dragons, an ethnoherpetological bibliography Part 1 HERP, Bull. N.Y.Herp. Soc. 16 2 35-40 miscellaneous, bibliography, Book Linzey, Donald W.;Clifford, Michael J. 1981 Snakes of Virginia Charlottesvile University of Virginia Press xvi, 159, 32 plates Journal Article Lipske, M. 1980 Wash-ups spur action on turtles Defenders 55 6 384-385 Journal Article Litman, G. W.;Berger, L.;Jahn, C. L. 1982 Multiple components in restriction enzyme digests of mammalian (insectivore), avian and reptilian genomic DNA hybridize with murine immunoglobulin VH probes Nucleic Acids Res 10 11 3371-80 Alligators and Crocodiles/*immunology; Animal; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics; Chickens/*immunology; Comparative Study; DNA/*genetics; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics; Liver/immunology; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Reptiles/*immunology; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tupaia/*immunology; Tupaiidae/*immunology High molecular weight genomic DNAs isolated from an insectivore, Tupaia, and a representative reptilian, Caiman, and avian, Gallus, were digested with restriction endonucleases transferred to nitrocellulose and hybridized with nick-translated probes of murine VH genes. The derivations of the probes designated S107V (1) and mu 107V (2,3) have been described previously. Under conditions of reduced stringency, multiple hybridizing components were observed with Tupaia and Caiman; only mu mu 107V exhibited significant hybridization with the separated fragments of Gallus DNA. The nick-translated S107V probe was digested with Fnu4H1 and subinserts corresponding to the 5' and 3' regions both detected multiple hybridizing components in Tupaia and Caiman DNA. A 5' probe lacking the leader sequence identified the same components as the intact 5' probe, suggesting that VH coding regions distant as the reptilians may possess multiple genetic components which exhibit significant homology with murine immunoglobulin in VH regions. Journal Article Litman, G. W.;Berger, L.;Murphy, K.;Litman, R.;Hinds, K.;Jahn, C. L.;Erickson, B. W. 1983 Complete nucleotide sequence of an immunoglobulin VH gene homologue from Caiman, a phylogenetically ancient reptile Nature 303 5915 349-52 Alligators and Crocodiles/*genetics/immunology; Animal; Base Sequence; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics; Comparative Study; Evolution; Genes, Structural; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics; Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain/*genetics; Recombination, Genetic; Reptiles/*genetics; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Immunoglobulin variable (V) gene regions typify extensive multigenic families in terms of overall size, chromosomal arrangement and presence of large numbers of apparent pseudogenes. A unique mechanism of somatic reorganization involving recombination of VH, D and JH or VL and JL segments accompanies the differentiation of lymphoid cells and together with somatic mutation and other types of recombination accounts for V- region diversity. Although these processes have been well characterized in higher mammals, little is known concerning their origin and diversification during phylogenetic time. Previously, we described the blot-hybridization characteristics of murine VHIII probes with restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA isolated from several phylogenetically critical species, including Caiman crocodylus, a modern representative of an ancient reptilian subclass. Here we have used a murine probe, S107V, to select homologous clones from a library of Caiman genomic DNA constructed in a lambda bacteriophage. The complete nucleotide sequence of a Caiman gene homologous to the murine VH gene and its adjacent 5' and 3' region is described. Comparison of the sequence with mammalian prototypes shows evidence of considerable organizational and structural homology extending outside the presumed VH-coding region and including elements believed to be involved in somatic recombination. Inferences about the evolution of this multigenic family can now be extended to the level of phylogenetic class. Journal Article Litman, G. W.;Berger, L.;Murphy, K.;Litman, R.;Podlaski, F.;Hinds, K.;Jahn, C. L.;Dingerkus, G.;Erickson, B. W. 1984 Phylogenetic diversification of immunoglobulin VH genes Dev Comp Immunol 8 3 499-514 Alligators and Crocodiles/genetics; Animal; Base Sequence; Comparative Study; DNA/genetics; Human; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics; Mammals/genetics; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; *Phylogeny; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Variation (Genetics); Vertebrates/genetics Journal Article Litovitz, Toby L.;Fahey, Barbara A. 1982 Please don't eat the daffodils New England Journal of Medicine 306 9 547 Journal Article Liu, Cheng-Chao;Hu, Shu-Qin;Zhao, Er-Mi 1980 Prelinimary study of genus Vibrissaphora (Amphibia: Salientia) and discussion on problems of amphibian classification Acta Herpetol. Sinica 3 1-9 Far East, Amphibia, anura, megophrys, china, taxonomy, systematics, species descriptions Journal Article Liu, Cheng-Chao;Tian, Wan-shu 1981 A new pelobatid toad from Sichuan, China Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5 1 5-10 Scutiger pingwuensis sp. nov. Journal Article Liversage, Richard Albert;Banks, Brian J. 1980 Insulin levels in the serum of intact and regenerating adult newts (Notophthalamus viridescens) Journal of Experimental Zoology 211 259-265 Journal Article Liversage, Richard Albert;Brandes, Pauline J. 1982 Forelimb regeneration in thyroidectomized adult newts following organ culture and autografting of the thyroid glands Wilhelm Roux's Archives 191 149-158 Journal Article Liversage, R. A.;McLaughlin, D. S. 1983 Effects of delayed amputation on denervated forelimbs of adult newt J Embryol Exp Morphol 75 1-10 Amputation; Animal; Cell Differentiation; Cicatrix; Denervation; Forelimb/innervation/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors; Wound Healing Left forelimbs of adult newts were repeatedly denervated prior to and following amputation. Limb amputations were performed at 7-, 14-, 21-, 27-and 45-day intervals after the initial denervation. Regeneration was found in the sham-denervated and control animals but did not occur in any of the experimental cases; instead cicatrix formation and dermal wound healing ensued. Soft-tissue dedifferentiation was evident, however. We conclude from these results that forelimb regeneration in the adult newt is completely nerve dependent (for growth). Journal Article Ljungman, Thomas N.;Dunson, William A. 1983 Integumentary water and sodium permeability of the yellow anaconda, Eunectes notaeus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 76A 1 51-53 Report Llorente, J. E. 1984 Las colecciones zoologicas de la facultad de ciencias Conference Proceedings Loanen, T. and McNease, L. 1981 Incubation of alligator eggs 117-128 Book Logan, T. 1981 Survey of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations on federal lands in Florida Gainesville, FL National Fish and Wildlife Laboratories Journal Article Lohka, Manfred J.;Masui, Yoshio 1983 Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and miotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components Science 220 719-721 Journal Article Lohoefener, R.;Lohmeier, L. 1981 Comparison of gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus habitats in young slash pine Pinus elliottii and old longleaf pine Pinus palustris areas of southern Mississippi J. Herpetol. 15 2 239-242 Journal Article Lohoefener, Ren;Lohmeier, Lynne 1983 Comparative strategies for preservation of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 102-107 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Lohoefener, Ren;Altig, Ronald 1983 Mississippi Herpetology MSU Research Bulletin 1 vi, 1-66 Journal Article Loman, Jon 1984 Density and survival of Rana arvalis and Rana temporaria Alytes 3 4 125-134 Sweden capture recapture seasonal variation mortality survivorship Journal Article Lombard, R. Eric;Fay, Richard R.;Werner, Yehudah L. 1981 Underwater hearing in the frog, Rana catesbeiana Journal of Experimental Biology 91 57-71 Journal Article Lombardi, G. 1981 Auch das Krokodile kann der Natur helfen Herpetofauna (Ludwigsburg) 3 15 12-13 ecological role, Journal Article London, J.L. 1984 In this fly-infested town, killer crocs and crocokiller Audubon 86 3 110-111 CPR, attack, Australia Journal Article Lorenzen, M.;Lee, C. O.;Windhager, E. E. 1984 Cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ activities in perfused proximal tubules of Necturus kidney Am J Physiol 247 1 Pt 2 F93-102 Animal; Calcium/*metabolism/physiology; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects; Cytosol/metabolism; Female; Ion Channels/drug effects/metabolism; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism; Male; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus; Ouabain/pharmacology; Perfusion; Quinidine/pharmacology; Sodium/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Water-Electrolyte Balance To study the role of intracellular calcium in the regulation of epithelial transport of ions and water, cytosolic calcium ion activity (aiCa) and cytosolic sodium ion activity (aiNa) were measured in cells of isolated perfused proximal tubules of Necturus kidney. aiCa was measured with Ca2+-selective microelectrodes, aiNa with Na+-selective microelectrodes. Under control conditions, i.e., Ringer solution on both sides of the epithelium, aiCa averaged 71 +/- 7 (SE) nM (n = 21) and aiNa was 12.9 +/- 0.6 mmol (n = 56). When peritubular bath sodium was reduced from 100 to 10 mM by choline substitution, aiCa increased from 73 +/- 14 to 382 +/- 69 nmol (paired t test; P less than 0.001; n = 4); in different tubules, aiNa decreased from 12.8 +/- 1.9 to 8.2 +/- 1.8 mM (P less than 0.001; n = 12). Quinidine (10(-4) M) increased aiCa from 87 +/- 19 to 556 +/- 121 nM (P less than 0.02; n = 5) but reduced aiNa from 15.1 +/- 1.2 to 11.8 +/- 0.8 mM (P less than 0.003; n = 8). In contrast, 10(-4) M ouabain increased both aiCa and aiNa; aiCa rose from 71 +/- 9 to 546 +/- 121 nmol (P less than 0.005; n = 9) and aiNa from 15.1 +/- 1.8 to 70.1 +/- 6.3 mM (P less than 0.001; n = 9). The results are consistent with the existence of a Na-Ca exchange process within the contraluminal cell membrane and with the view that increased aiCa inhibits the tubular transport of sodium by decreasing the sodium permeability of the luminal cell membrane. Journal Article Lou, Sheng-Kuang;Lin, Jun-Yi 1983 Biochemical systematics of the genus japalura (Sauria: Agamidae) in Taiwan Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica 22 1 91-104 Journal Article Loveridge, J.P. 1980 Crocodile research and conservation in southern Africa S. African J. Sci. 76 203-206 CNL, conservation, distribution, Africa Journal Article Loveridge, J.P. (ed.) 1982 Internatioal Crocodile Symposium Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 general, farming, conservation, Journal Article Loveridge, J.P. 1984 Thermoregulation in the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Symp.zool. Soc. Lond. 52 443-467 CNL,temperature, physiology, behavior, Africa Book Section Loveridge, J. P. 1984 Thermoregulation in the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 443-467 Journal Article Lovich, J.E.;Gotte, S.W.;Ernst, C.H. 1983 Clutch and egg size in the new guinea chelid turtle Emydura subglobosa Herpetofauna 14 2 95 reproduction Conference Proceedings Lovisek, J. 1980 The reproduction of Caiman yacare in central Bolivia (Abstract only) Journal Article Lowe, D. A.;Russell., I. J. 1982 The central projections of the lateral line and cutaneous sensory fibres (VII and X) in Xenopus laevis Proc. Roy. Soc. London 216B 279-297 Journal Article Lucas, D.G.P.;Millwood, A.J.(eds) 1980 The care and breeding of captive reptiles London: British Herpetological Society Reptila, testudines, sauria, serpentes, corcodylia, breeding, propagation, technique, BOOK vet,zucht,serp,echsen,testu,kroko,vit,tech Fernl x Journal Article Lucas, D.;G;P;and, A.;J;Millwood, (eds;) 1980 The care and breeding of captive reptiles London: British Herpetological Society vet,zucht,serp,echsen,testu,kroko,vit,tech Fernl x Book Section Luckenbach, R.A. 1982 Ecology and management of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California Bury, R.B. North American tortoises: conservation and ecology Washington DC US Dept. of the Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service 1-38 Book Lue, K.-Y. 1982 [The Amphibians of Taiwan] Taipei Privately Published 190 Book Lue, Kuang-Yang;Chen, Shyh-Huang;Yeh, Kent K.-C. 1984 [The Amphibians and Reptiles of Kenting National Park] Taiwan 128 Journal Article Luechtefeld, N. W.;Cambre, R. C.;Wang, W. L. 1981 Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni from zoo animals J Am Vet Med Assoc 179 11 1119-22 Alligators and Crocodiles/microbiology; Animal; Animals, Zoo/*microbiology; Artiodactyla/microbiology; Birds/microbiology; Campylobacter/*isolation & purification; Campylobacter fetus/immunology/*isolation & purification; Campylobacter Infections/veterinary; Carnivora/microbiology; Case Report; Colorado; Female; Haplorhini/microbiology; Lemur/microbiology; Perissodactyla/microbiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Over a 1-year period, 619 fecal specimens from animals at the Denver Zoo were cultured for Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni. The organism was isolated from 35 animals, including 12 primates, 2 felids, a red panda, 13 hooved animals, 6 birds, and 1 reptile. Of 44 cultured fecal specimens from diarrheal animals, 31.8% were positive for Campylobacter, whereas only 5.6% of 575 specimens from animals without diarrhea were positive (P less than 0.001). Among 25 isolates tested, 12 serotypes were represented; several of these serotypes are commonly associated with Campylobacter enteritis in human beings. Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni was isolated from 8% of 75 wild pigeons trapped on the zoo premises during winter months and from 26% of 75 trapped during March and April (P less than 0.01). Journal Article Lum, Andrew M.;Wassersug, Richard J.;Portel, Michael J.;Lerner, Stephen A. 1982 Schooling behavior of tadpoles: A potential indicator of ototoxicity Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 17 363-366 Anura, Pipidae, Xenopus laevis, tadpoles, schooling, aminoglycosides, hair cells, ototoxicity, streptomycin, lateral line system, 157 Journal Article Lum, M.;R. J. Wassersug, M. J. Potel;Lerner., S. A. 1982 Schooling behavior of tadpoles: a potential indicator of ototoxicity Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 17 363-366 Thesis Lutcavage, M. 1981 The status of marine turtles in Chesapeake Bay and Virginia coastal waters Journal Article Luttenberger, Franz 1984 Nachzucht der Paraguay-Anakonda (Eunectes notaeus Cope 1862) im Tiergarten-Schönbrunn, Wien Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 245-253 Journal Article Lutz, P.;Bently, T.B.;Harrison, K.E.;Marszalek, D.S. 1980 Oxygen and water vapor conductance in the shell and shell membrane of the American crocodile egg Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 66A 335-338 CA, reproduction, physiology, osmoregulation, US Journal Article Lutz, P.L.;J.C. LaManna, M.R. Adams, M. Rosenthal 1980 Cerebral resistance to anoxia in the marine turtle Resp. Physiol. 41 241-251 Journal Article Lutz, P. and Dunbar-Cooper, A. 1982 The nest environment of the American crocodile S. FL Res. Center Rep. T-671 38 CA, nest, osmoregulation, reproduction, US Journal Article Lutz, P.L.;Lapennas, G.N. 1982 Effects of pH, CO2, and organic phosphates on oxygen affinity of sea turtle hemoglobins Respiration Physiol. 48 75-87 Journal Article Lutz, P.;Dunbar-Cooper, A. 1984 The nest environment of the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) Copeia 1984 1 153-161 CA, nest, temperature, physiology, osmoregulation, FL Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1980 A taxonomic and distributional synopsis of the Amazonian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus American Museum Novitates 2696 1-24 Haffer's Napo refugium Journal Article Lynch, J. D.;Duellman, W. E. 1980 The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Andes: Leptodactylidae) Miscellaneous Publication, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 69 1-86 systematics, species accounts, distribution, ecology, communities, Amphibia, Anura, frogs Journal Article Lynch, J. D.;Trueb, L. 1980 A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) from the cloud forests of western Ecuador Copeia 3 392-396 quinquagesimus, unistrigatus, morphology, comparative, Amphibia, Anura, frog Journal Article Lynch, John D.;Duellman, William E. 1980 The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae) The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 69 1-86 Leptodactylidae; Eleutherodactylus; Eleutherodactylus atratus; Eleutherodactylus acerus sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus baryecuus; Eleutherodactylus bromeliaceus; Eleutherodactylus condor sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus colodactylus; Eleutherodactylus chloronotus; Eleutherodactylus cryptomelas; Eleutherodactylus cornutus; Eleutherodactylus cremnobates sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus dolops sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus eriphus sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus ignicolor sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus incanus sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus incomptus sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus inusitatus sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus lividus sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus petersi sp. nov.; Eleutherodactylus prolatus sp. nov.; Taxonomy; Systematics; New species Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1980 Eleutherodactylus eremitus, a new trans-Andean species of the lacrimosus assembly from Ecuador (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Breviora 462 1-7 Journal Article Lynch, John D.;Miyata, Kenneth 1980 Two new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from the lowlands and lower cloud forests of western Ecuador Breviora 457 1-12 Journal Article Lynch, John, D.;Trueb, Linda 1980 A New Species of Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) from the cloud forest of Western Ecuador Copeia 1980 392-396 Amphibia, anura, leptodactylidae, Ecuador, Eleutherodactylus quinquagesimus, Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus group, Eleutherodactylus calcaratus, Eleutherodactylus chloronototus, Eleutherodactylus crucifer, Eleutherodactylus inusitatus Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1980 Systematic status and distribution of some poorly known frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus from the Chocoan lowlands of South America Herpetologica 36 2 175-189 Journal Article Lynch, J. D. 1981 Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Andes of northern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia Miscellaneous Publication, University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History 72 1-46 key, accounts, descriptions, Amphibia, Anura, distribution, morphology Journal Article Lynch, J. D. 1981 The identity of Hylopis platycephala Werner, a centrolenid frog from northern Colombia Journal of Herpetology 15 3 283-291 Amphibia, Anura, comparative, description, morphology, osteology Journal Article Lynch, J. F. 1981 Patterns of ontogenetic and geographic variation in the black salamander, Aneides flavipunctatus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 324 1-53 Amphibians, salamanders, ontogeny, distribution, morphology, body size Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1981 Leptodactylid frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in the Andes of Northern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 72 1-46 Leptodactylidae; Eleutherodactylus; Eleutherodactylus buckleyi; Eleutherodactylus curtipes; Eleutherodactylus modipeplus sp. nov; Eleutherodactylus myersi; Eleutherodactylus ocreatus sp. nov; Eleutherodactylus orcesi; Eleutherodactylus thymelensis; Eleutherodactylus unistrigatus; Taxonomy; Systematics; New species Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1981 Two new species of Eleutherodactylus from western Colombia (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 697 1-12 Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1981 The systematic status of Amblyphrynus ingeri (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) with the description of an allied species in western Colombia Caldasia 13 313-332 Amphibia, Anura, Amblyphrynus ingeri, Colombia Journal Article Lynch, J. 1982 Two new species of poison-dart frogs (Colostethus) from Colombia Herpetologica 38 3 366-374 Amphibia, salientia, Dendrobatidae, altitude, relationships, morphology, descriptions, edwardsi, ruizi, tadpoles Journal Article Lynch, J. D.;Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. 1982 A new genus and species of poison-dart frog (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) from the Andes of Northern Colombia Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 3 557-562 Amphibia, Colombia, Atopophrynus syntomopus, toe webbing, morphology, description Journal Article Lynch, J. D. 1982 Relationships of the frogs of the genus Ceratophrys (Leptodactylidae) and their bearing on hypothesis of Pleistocene forest refugia in South America and punctuated equilibria Systematic Zoology 31 2 166-179 systematics, cladistics, Amphibia, Anura Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1982 Two new species of poison-dart frogs (Colostethus) from Colombia Herpetologica 38 366-374 Amphibia, Anura, Colostethus edwardsi, Colostethus ruizi, Troglodytic, cave dwelling, Colombia Journal Article Lynch, J. F.;Wake, D. B.;Yang, S. Y. 1983 Genic and morphological differentiation in Mexican Pseudeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with a description of a new species Copeia 4 884-894 Amphibia, Caudata, salamander, Psuedoeurycea longicauda, morphology, electrophoresis, systematics Journal Article Lynch, J. D.;Myers, C. W. 1983 Frogs of the Fitzingeri group of Eleutherodactylus in eastern Panama and Chocoan South America (Leptodactylidae) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 175 5 481-572 taxonomy, morphology, coloration, vocalization, species accounts, new species, descriptions, distributions Journal Article Lynch, John D.;Myers, Charles W. 1983 Frogs of the fitzingeri group of Eleutherodactylus in eastern Panama and Chocoan South America (Leptodactylidae) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 175 5 481-572 Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri Group Journal Article Lynch, Wayne 1983 Great balls of snakes Natural History 92 4 64-69 thamnophis sirtalis Journal Article Lynch, J. D.;Ruiz, P. M.;Rueda., J. V. 1983 Notes on the distribution and reproductive biology of Centrolene geckoideum Jimenez De la Espada in Colombia and Ecuador (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 18 239-244 Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1984 New frogs (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) from cloud forest of the northern Cordillera Oriental, Columbia Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 60 1-19 sp. nov. acutirostris bacchus grandiceps lutitus merostictus miyatai spilogaster Journal Article Lynch, K. 1984 Growth and metamorphosis of the rectus abdominis muscle in Rana pipiens Journal of Morphology 182 317-337 Journal Article Lysenko, Steve;Gills, J. E. 1980 The effect of ingestive status on the thermoregulatory behavior of Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis and Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis Journal of Herpetology 14 2 155-159 Lampropeltis getulus getula triangulum Journal Article Lysenko, Steve;Gillis, J. E. 1980 The effect of ingestive status on the thermoregulatory behavior of Thamnophis sirtalissirtalisand Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis Journal of Herpetology 14 2 155-160 garter snakes Journal Article Macgregor, H. C.;Pino., E. M. Del 1982 Ribosomal gene amplification in multinucleate oocytes of the egg brooding hylid frog Flectonotus pygmaeus Chromosoma 85 475-488 Journal Article Machado, Jesus Carlos 1982 Homenagem póstuma Alphonse Richard Hoge (1912-1982): Eminente Herpetólogo Brasileiro Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 1-12 Journal Article Mackay-Sim, A.;Shaman, P.;Moulton, D. G. 1982 Topographic coding of olfactory quality: odorant-specific patterns of epithelial responsivity in the salamander J Neurophysiol 48 2 584-96 Ambystoma/physiology; Animal; Comparative Study; Electrophysiology; Female; Male; *Odors; Olfactory Mucosa/*physiology; Smell/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. Electrophysiological recordings were made on the ventral olfactory epithelium of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum in order to investigate whether individual odorants can elicit unique patterns of receptor neuron responses. 2. Slow transepithelial voltage transients, Veog(-), were recorded from 30 sites on each epithelium. For each odorant a topographic pattern was derived from the Veog(-) amplitudes across the 30 recording sites. 3. Nine odorants were tested, each in seven animals, and topographic patterns of Veog(-) amplitudes were drawn for each animal. Due to the morphological variability among animals, the electrode sites for each animal were assigned to six epithelial regions for which responses were then compared by analysis of variance. 4. Odorant-specific regional differences in responsivity were observed. The odorants can be grouped according to the similarity of the topographic distributions of responses elicited by them. We observed that no two odorants elicited exactly the same response patterns. This suggests that olfactory receptor neurons with similar responses are grouped together in the same region of the epithelium. 5. Dramatic differences in responsivity among the various epithelial regions, irrespective of the test odorant, were also noted. This observation may be due to regional differences in receptor neuron density or overall sensitivity. 6. It is concluded that differences between the topographic distributions of receptor cell responses, elicited by the nine test odorants, permits these responses to be discriminated as unique patterns of information at the olfactory bulb. Journal Article Mackay-Sim, A.;Nathan, M. H. 1984 The projection from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb in the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum Anat Embryol 170 1 93-7 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Autoradiography; Epithelium/physiology; Leucine/diagnostic use; Olfactory Bulb/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Synaptic Transmission; Tritium/diagnostic use Odor quality may be represented as a "topographic" code of responses of receptor cells throughout the olfactory epithelium, with this code conveyed to the central nervous system by a topographic projection from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb. There is good evidence for topographic differences in odor-induced receptor cell activity in the tiger salamander but there is no evidence for a topographic epithelium-to-bulb projection in this species. In the present study 3H- leucine autoradiography was used to trace the projections of olfactory receptor neurons in the tiger salamander. Thirteen animals received small injections of tritiated leucine into different regions of the dorsal or the ventral olfactory epithelium, or into the ventrolateral, "vomeronasal organ". The results show that the anterior-to-posterior axes in the dorsal and ventral epithelia are represented along the ventral-to-dorsal axis in the rostral end of the olfactory bulb. The "vomeronasal organ" projects to the caudal end of the bulb. We conclude that the central projection of the olfactory epithelium in the tiger salamander is topographically organised only along the antero-posterior axis and not the medio-lateral axis. Thus epithelial receptor cell activity along the anteroposterior axis would be represented in the glomerular layer of the bulb by activity along its ventro-dorsal axis. Journal Article Mackay-Sim, A.;Patel, U. 1984 Regional differences in cell density and cell genesis in the olfactory epithelium of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum Exp Brain Res 57 1 99-106 Ambystoma; Animal; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Olfactory Mucosa/*cytology/physiology; Receptors, Sensory/physiology; Smell/physiology The olfactory epithelium undergoes continuous regeneration. The present quantitative study uses tritiated thymidine autoradiography to investigate regional differences in the rate of olfactory epithelial cell genesis in the tiger salamander. There was a significant gradient in the incorporation of thymidine from the posterior to the anterior in the nasal cavity: the posterior epithelium underwent cell genesis much faster than the anterior. Additionally, the posterior epithelium was thinner and contained fewer cells than the anterior, although the proportions of receptor, supporting and basal cells remained about the same throughout the epithelium. After 5 or 20 days most of the labelled cells were found in the basal cell layer, although there were a few labelled supporting cells. This confirms observations in other species that there are two populations of dividing cells in the olfactory epithelium: the basal cells which give rise to receptor cells, and the supporting cells. The gradients in epithelial thickness, receptor cells, and the rate of cell genesis parallel a gradient in responsiveness to odorants observed in electrophysiological studies (Mackay-Sim et al. 1982; Mackay-Sim and Shaman 1984). The significance of these anatomical and physiological gradients is presently unclear. Journal Article Mackay-Sim, A.;Shaman, P. 1984 Topographic coding of odorant quality is maintained at different concentrations in the salamander olfactory epithelium Brain Res 297 2 207-16 Ambystoma; Animal; Brain Mapping; Chemoreceptors/physiology; Discrimination Learning/*physiology; Epithelium/physiology; Evoked Potentials; Female; Male; Olfactory Bulb/*physiology; Olfactory Mucosa/*innervation; Olfactory Nerve/physiology; Olfactory Pathways/physiology; Sensory Thresholds; Smell/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. In a recent study in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, were demonstrated topographic patterns of responsivity across the olfactory epithelium which were characteristic for each odorant. The present study was initiated to investigate whether these patterns remain constant when odorant concentration is varied. Odorant-induced electro- olfactograms were recorded from at least 12 sites on each epithelium. The odorants used were pinene, amyl acetate and propanol. Each epithelium was tested with one odorant, delivered at 3 concentrations. For comparison between animals, the epithelia were divided into 3 regions with at least 4 recording sites per region. An analysis of variance model was used to study odorants, concentrations, regions and animals. Odorant-induced regional patterns in responsivity were similar across all concentrations. In particular, the region of highest responsivity at one concentration was the region of highest responsivity at all concentrations. It is concluded that topographic patterns of receptor cell responses may reflect an underlying genetic component in the distribution of receptor cells. This distribution is related to two aspects of receptor cell responses: responsivity to particular odorants (Fig. 4) and general responsivity to all odorants (Fig. 5). Book Maclean, William P. 1982 Reptiles and Amphibians of the Virgin Islands London and Basingstoke Macmillan Education Limited vii + 54 Journal Article MacLeish, P. R.;Schwartz, E. A.;Tachibana, M. 1984 Control of the generator current in solitary rods of the Ambystoma tigrinum retina J Physiol (Lond) 348 645-64 Ambystoma; Animal; Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology; Cyclic GMP/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology; Electric Conductivity; Ion Channels/physiology; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Photoreceptors/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology; Protons; Rod Outer Segments/drug effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors THe current suppressed by light, the generator current, was studied in solitary salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) rod photoreceptors with the single-micropipette voltage-clamp technique. The effects of Ca, cyclic GMP, and voltage were measured while voltage- and Ca-activated currents of the inner segment were blocked with Co, Cs, and TEA (tetraethylammonium). The generator current was increased more than 5- fold by lowering the external Ca concentration from 1.5 mM to 10 microM. The generator current could be decreased approximately 1/2 by injecting Ca into an outer segment. Injection of EGTA quickly increased the generator current approximately 2-fold. After injection ceased, the increase was quickly reversed. The generator current could be increased more than 5-fold by injecting cyclic GMP or 8Br-cyclic GMP. Injection of protons, the pH buffer bicine (N,N-bis[2-hydroxyethyl]glycine), or GMP did not produce a change in the generator current. The current- voltage curve for the generator current was influenced by external Co: in 3 mM-Co the current-voltage curve had a negative resistance between - 45 and -90 mV; in 0.1 mM-Co the current-voltage curve paralleled the voltage axis between -45 and -90 mV. The difference is attributed to a voltage-dependent block by Co. Susceptibility to the blocking action of Co was reduced by lowering internal or external Ca concentration, or by injecting cyclic GMP. When rods were bathed in a medium containing 7- 100 microM-Ca, a step depolarization produced a time-dependent decline in current. Because the reversal potential remained constant, the decline is attributed to an inactivation. The extent of inactivation was reduced by increasing the concentration of external Ca or injecting cyclic GMP. Journal Article MacMahon, Charles W. FowlerJames a. 1982 Selective extinction and speciation: their influence on the structure and functioning of communities and ecosystems American Naturalist 119 4 480-498 Journal Article MacNally, Ralph C. 1981 On the reproductive energetics of chorusing males: Energy depletion, restoration and growth in two sympatric species of Ranidella (Anura) Oecologia 51 181-188 Anura, Myobatrachidae, Ranidella, reproduction, energetics, male reproductive activity, calling, intrasexual competition, Australia, 204 Journal Article Macredie, Grant 1983/1984 The lizard fauna of Castle Rock, Coromandel, New Zealand Herpetofauna 15 1-2 37-40 Hoplodactylus maculatus; Hoplodactylus pacificus; Cyclodina alani; Cyclodina whitakeri; Leiolopisma moco Journal Article Madany, Michael H.;west, Neil E. 1983 Livestock grazing-fire regime interactions within montane forests of Zion National Park, Utah Ecology 64 4 661-667 history grazing mesas savanna Utah Journal Article Maderson, P. F. A. 1984 The squmate epidermis: new light has been shed Zoological Symposium 52 111-126 squamate, epidermis, shed, environmental factors, humidity Book Section Maderson, Paul F. A. 1984 The squamate epidermis: new light has been shed Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 111-126 Journal Article Madsen, T. 1983 Growth rates, maturation and sexual size dimorphism in a population of grass snakes, Natrix natrix, in southern Sweden Oikos 40 277-282 Reptiles, snakes, growth, sexual dimorphism, body size, diet Journal Article Madsen, Thomas 1984 Movements, home range size and habitat use of radio-tracked grass snakes (Natrix natrix) in Southern Sweden Copeia 1984 3 707-713 Journal Article Magnusson, W. E. 1980 Habitat requires for nesting by Crocodylus porosus (Reptilia: Crocodilidae) in northern Australia Aust. J. Wildl. Res. 7 149-156 reptiles, reproduction, eggs, vegetation Journal Article Magnusson, W. E. 1980 Hatching and creche formation by Crocodylus porosus Copeia 1980 2 359-362 reptiles, reproduction, behavior Report Magnusson, W.E. 1980 Habitat separation of Amazonian crocodilians Journal Article Magnusson, W.E.;Taylor, J.A 1980 A description of developmental stages in Crocodylus porosus, for use in aging eggs in the field Aust. Wildl. Res. 7 3 479-485 CPR, embryology, techniques, Australia Journal Article Magnusson, W.E.;Grigg, G.C.;Taylor, J.A. 1980 An aerial survey of potential nesting areas Crocodylus porosus on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula Aust. Wildl. Res. 7 3 465-478 CPR, nest, habitat, Australia Journal Article Magnusson, W.E. 1980 Hatching and creche formation in Crocodylus porosus Copeia 1980 2 359-362 CPR, vocal, parental care, behavior, Australia Journal Article Magnusson, W.E. 1980 Habitat required for nesting by Crocodylus porosus (Reptilia: Crocodilidae) in northern Australia Aust. Wildl. Res. 7 1 149-156 CPR, nest, habitat, Australia Journal Article Magnusson, W.E.;Taylor, J.A 1981 Growth of juvenile Crocodylus porosus as effected by season of hatching J. Herpetol. 15 2 242-245 CPR, growth, Australia Journal Article Magnusson, W.E. 1981 Suitability of two habitats in northern Australia for the release of hatchling Crocodylus porosus from artificial nests Aust. Wildl. Res. 8 1 199-202 CPR, habitat, Australia Conference Proceedings Magnusson, W. E. 1982 Biological aspects of the conservation of Amazonian crocodilians in Brasil Conference Proceedings Magnusson, W. E. 1982 Techniques of surveying for crodilians Journal Article Magnusson, W.E. 1982 Mortality of eggs of the crocodile Crocodylus porosus in northern Australia J. Herpetol. 16 121-130 CPR, ecology, demography, reproduction, Australia Book Section Magnusson, W.E. 1982 Techniques of surveying for crocodilians Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 389-403 Book Section Magnusson, W.E. 1982 Biological aspects of the conservation of Amazonian crocodilians Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 108-116 Journal Article Magnusson, W.E.;Taylor, J.A 1982 Wallows of Crocodylus porosus as dry season refuges in swamps Copeia 1982 2 478-480 CPR, ecological role, Australia Journal Article Magnusson, W. E.;Rebelo, G. H. 1983 Brazilian crocodiles: the problems of conservation in a multispecies system Zimbabwe Science News 17 3 56-57 reptiles, Journal Article Magnusson, W.E. 1983 Size estimates of crocodilians J. Herpetol. 17 1 86-88 CCR, MN, PAL, size, techniques Journal Article Magnusson, William E.;Lima, Albertina P. 1984 Perennial communal nesting by Kentropyx calcaratus Journal of Herpetology 18 1 73-75 Journal Article Magnusson, W.E. 1984 Mortality of eggs of the crocodile Crocodylus porosus in northern Australia J. Herpetol. 16 121-130 CPR, embryology, reproduction, demography, Australia Journal Article Magnusson, W.E. 1984 Economics, developing countries, and the captive propagation of crocodilians Wildl. Soc. Bull. 12 194-197 utilization, farming, Journal Article Mahendra, Beni Charan 1984 Handbook of the Snakes of India, Ceylon, Burma, Bangladesh, and Pakistan The Annals of Zoology 22 xvi + 1-412 Snakes; Indian subcontinent Journal Article Maier, P. F. 1980 Treatment of a green iguana (Iguana iguana), suffering from ancylostomiasis Behandlung eines an Ancylostomiasis erkrankten grünen Leguans (Iguana iguana) D. Zool. Garten N.f. 1980 29-32 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana,Iguana iguana, infection, helminth, Ancylostoma, therapy echsen,vet,paras Fernl x Journal Article Maier, C. E.;McQuarrie, I. G.;Singer, M. 1984 A nerve-conditioning lesion accelerates limb regeneration in the newt J Exp Zool 232 2 181-6 Amputation; Animal; Axons/physiology; Brachial Plexus/*physiology; Forelimb/*physiology; Nerve Crush; Nerve Regeneration; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; *Regeneration; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. A nerve-conditioning lesion induced sustained acceleration of limb regeneration. Newt limb nerves were subjected to a conditioning lesion by unilateral axotomy at the elbow 2 weeks prior to amputating both limbs above the elbows. Limbs on the side that had received a conditioning lesion began the regeneration process 3-4 days earlier than contralateral controls and this difference was observed up to recognizable digit formation. Limb buds on the conditioned sides had a twofold greater axonal density than contralateral counterparts at 2 weeks after amputation. Since limb bud formation is dependent on a sufficient quantity of axonal regrowth, accelerated limb regeneration is apparently due to accelerated reinnervation. Journal Article Maier, C. E.;Grimm, R. A.;Singer, M. 1984 Neurotrophic and neuronotrophic effects in the regenerating newt limb bud after electrical stimulation of brachiospinal nerves Brain Res 301 2 363-9 Animal; Axons/*physiology; Electric Stimulation; Forelimb/*innervation; *Nerve Regeneration; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism; Notophthalmus viridescens; Spinal Cord/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Synaptic Transmission An earlier work demonstrated that electrical stimulation of newt brachiospinal nerves produces a 20% increase in protein synthesis in the regenerating limb bud at 6 h post-stimulation. The present study shows that if stimulation of nerve cell bodies is prevented by placing procaine between the cell bodies and the stimulating electrode, there is no increase in limb bud protein synthesis compared to the non- stimulated, contralateral control limb bud. Similarly, if colchicine is applied to the brachiospinal nerves at the site of and prior to stimulation, there is no increase in limb bud protein synthesis after stimulation. Colchicine applied to brachiospinal nerves in the absence of stimulation results in a reduction of limb bud protein synthesis that is of the same magnitude as the increase seen with stimulation. The results suggest that the neurotrophic increase in limb bud protein synthesis after stimulation is under the control of the cell body and that this control is mediated by changes in fast axonal transport. A neuronotrophic increase in axonal density in the stimulated side limb bud is seen at the same time as the increase in protein synthesis after stimulation. Journal Article Maigret, J. 1983 R\'epartition des tortues de mer sur les c\^otes ouest Africaines Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. 28 22-34 Journal Article Mak, P.;Callard, I. P.;Callard, G. V. 1983 Characterization of an estrogen receptor in the testis of the urodele amphibian Necturus maculosus Biol Reprod 28 2 261-70 Animal; Cell Nucleus/analysis; Cytosol/analysis; Estradiol/metabolism; Male; Necturus/*metabolism; Necturus maculosus/*metabolism; Receptors, Estrogen/*analysis/metabolism; Seasons; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Testis/*analysis Journal Article Malaret, Luis;Fitch, Henry S. 1984 Effects of overfeeding and underfeeding on reproduction in four species of reptiles Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 77-84 Journal Article Malvin, G. M.;Webb, R. C. 1984 A comparative study of potassium-induced relaxation in vascular smooth muscle of tiger salamanders and rats Am J Physiol 247 1 Pt 2 R100-5 Animal; Aorta/drug effects; Arteries/drug effects; Comparative Study; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Channels/metabolism; Male; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects; Muscle Relaxation/*drug effects; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects; Norepinephrine/pharmacology; Ouabain/pharmacology; Potassium/metabolism/*pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tail/blood supply; Temperature; Urodela This study compares potassium-induced relaxation in vascular tissue of an amphibian (Ambystoma tigrinum) and a mammal (rat). Aortas (salamanders) and tail arteries (rats) were cut into helical strips for isometric force recording. After norepinephrine-induced contraction in potassium-free solution, arteries relaxed in response to added potassium (1-20 mmol/l). Potassium-induced relaxation was greater in rat tail arteries than in salamander aortas. Half-maximal relaxation occurred at a potassium concentration of approximately 3 mmol/l in both species. Ouabain inhibited potassium-induced relaxation; salamanders were more sensitive to the glycoside than rats. Potassium-induced relaxation decreased as the temperature of the bathing medium was lowered; half-maximal inhibition occurred at 19 and 29 degrees C for salamander aortas and rat tail arteries, respectively. Potassium- induced relaxation also varied with the interval in potassium-free solution, the hydrogen ion concentration (rats only), and the magnitude of norepinephrine-induced contraction. It appears that the cellular mechanism causing potassium-induced relaxation is similar in blood vessels of salamanders and rats. The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that stimulated electrogenic sodium transport produced membrane hyperpolarization and relaxation in vascular smooth muscle. Journal Article Management, Zimbabwe National Parks and Wildlife 1982 National parks policy-Conservation and management of crocodilians in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 214-215 (Under Loveridge) CNL, management, conservation, utilization, farming, Africa Conference Proceedings Maness, S.J. 1980 Dry season biology, density and feeding strategies in Caiman crocodilus (Abstract) Book Section Maness, S.J. 1982 Status of Crocodylus acutus, Caiman crocodilus fuscus, and Caiman crocodilus crocodilus in Venezuela Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 117-120 Book Section Manley, Geoffrey A. 1981 A review of the auditory physiology of the reptiles Autrum, H.;Ottoson, D.;Perl, E. and Schmidt, R.F. Progress in Sensory Physiology 2 Berlin Springer-Verlag 49-134 Journal Article Manski, W.;Malinowski, K. 1980 Molecular evolution and subunit structure of cattle lens alpha crystallin J Mol Evol 15 3 219-30 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Anura; Carp; Cattle; Chemistry; Chickens; Crystallins/*genetics; Epitopes/*analysis; *Evolution; Immunosorbent Techniques; Lampreys; Macromolecular Systems; Sharks; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turtles The present studies were based on the premise that any common determinants in homologous proteins must have originated with the common ancestor of all of the taxonomic groups in which that determinant occurs. Cross-reacting antigenic determinants of lens alpha crystallin various classes of modern vertebrates were used to trace their evolutionary relationships. For quantitation of evolutionarily distinct determinants, equimolar amounts of alpha crystallin or its subunits, in either monomeric or reaggregated form, were bound to a matrix, then saturated with 125I-labeled Fab fragments of anti-cattle alpha crystallin antibodies having phylogenetically restricted specificities. This quantitative procedure has the important advantage of independence from variation in antibody responses to different determinants of the same antigenic molecule. The procedure is not impaired by steric hindrance. Both the SH-containing and SH-free subunits of cattle lens alpha crystallin were found to contain common antigenic determinants with the cyclostomata alpha crystallin. Such determinants originatd in evolution with the first vertebrates, the primitive agnatha. Antigenic determinants transferred from ancestral aquatic and land vertebrates to the mammals were found to constitute 93% of all determinants reactive in the monomeric SH-free subunits of cattle alpha crystallin. These determinants constitute only 76.5% of all determinants which are reactive in the SH-containing subunits. The antigenic determinants on both types of subunits were all found to be different. These findings indicate that evolutionary changes must have occurred more slowly in SH-free subunits than in SH-containing subunits. Significant decreases or increases were found in the content of various evolutionarily distinct determinants reactive in the reaggregated subunits as compared to the ones reactive in monomeric subunits. These differences can result from the formation of new conformational antigenic determinants during aggregation as well as from the burial or exposure of other determinants after aggregation. Different amounts of evolutionarily distinct antigenic determinants were found to be reactive in the molecules dissociated into subunits than in the intact molecules one of the reasons being that the intact molecules contain phylogenetically distinct determinants which depend on the quaternary structure of the protein molecule. The data obtained indicate that the quaternary structure of cattle alpha crystallin has, to a large degree, remained unchanged since the origin of vertebrates. Journal Article Mansukhani, M. R.;Sarkar, A. K. 1981 Notes on some amphibian collections from Tripura, India Rec. zool. Surv. India 79 267-273 Book Mao, Shou-Hsian;Chen, Been-Yuan 1980 Sea Snakes of Taiwan: A Natural History of Sea Snakes Taipei, Taiwan National Science Council xi + 64 Journal Article Mao, Shou-Hsian;Chen, Been-Yuan 1982 Serological relationships of turtles and evolutionary implications Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 71B 173-179 Journal Article Mao, Shou-Hsian;Chen, Been-Yuan;Yin, Fon-Yi;Gou, Yaw-Wen 1983 Immunotaxonomic relationships of sea snakes to terrestrial elapids Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 74A 869-872 hydrophis laticauda elapidae evolution phylogeny Journal Article Marcellini, D.L.;Davis, S.W. 1982 Effects of handling on reptile egg hatching Herpetological Review 13 2 43-44 conservation Book Marcellini, Dale L. 1983 6th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD Zoological Consortium, Inc. viii, 349 p. Book Section Marcus, Leonard C. 1980 Bacterial infections in reptiles Murphy, James B. and Collins, Joseph T. Reproductive Biology and Diseases of captive Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 211-221 Book Marcus, Leonard C. 1981 Veterinary Biology and Medicine of Captive Amphibians and Reptiles Philadelphia Lee & Febiger xii, 240 Book Marcus, L.C. 1981 Veterinary biology and medicine of captive amphibians and reptiles Lea and Febiger 1 239 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, Amphibia, anura, caudata, pathology, survey Journal Article Marcus, L. C. 1983 Amphibia and reptiles at home, in the laboratory and in the zoo Amphibien und Reptilien in Heim, Labor und Zoo Stuttgart (Enke) Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, amphibia, anura, urodela, genaral, management, BOOK vet,vit PF x Journal Article MARCUS, L. C. 1983 Amphibien und Reptilien in Heim, Labor und Zoo Stuttgart (Enke Verlag) vet,vit PF x Journal Article Margaritoulis, D. 1980 Nesting of the sea turtles Caretta caretta on Zakynthos island Nature, Bull. Hellenic Soc. Prot. Nature 22 41-43 Journal Article Margaritoulis, D. 1982 Observations on loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta activity during three nesting seasons (1977-1979) in Zakynthos, Greece Biol. Conserv. 24 193-204 Book Section Margaritoulis, D. 1983 The inter-nesting interval of Zakynthos loggerheads N.S. Margaris, M. Arianoutsou-Faraggitaki, R.J. Reiter Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments New York Plenum Press 135-144 Journal Article Marian, M. P.;K. Sampath, A. R. C. Nirmala;Pandian., T. J. 1980 Behavioural response of Rana cyanophylictis tadpole exposed to changes in dissolved oxygen concentration Physiology and Behavior 25 35-38 Journal Article Marinkelle, C.J. 1981 Oswaldofilaria medemi nsp (Nematoda: Filarioidea), from the smoothfronted caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus from Colombia Rev. Biol. Trop. 29 1 5-10 PAL, PT, disease, parasites, South America A filarial worm, Oswaldofilaria medemi n. sp., obtained from the thoracic wall of an adult colombian caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1801) is described. The new filaria differs from all other species of the genus by the long oesophagus and by differences in size and shape of the spiculae in the male. Microfilariae could not be found in the blood of six P. trigonatus. Journal Article Marino, P. 1984 Synopsis of information on sea turtles in the eastern Mediterranean area Biol. Gallo-helenica 11 19-25 Journal Article Marinos, P. 1981 On the distribution of sea turtles in Greek waters Mar. Turtle Newsl. 19 13-14 Journal Article Markwell, Kevin 1983/1984 The artifical incubation of lace monitor (Varanus varius) eggs Herpetofauna 15 1-2 16-17 Varanus varius Journal Article Marlow, R. W.;Patton, J. L. 1981 Biochemical relationships of the Galapagos giant tortoises (Geochelone elephantopus) Journal of Zoology, London 195 413-422 Reptiles, turtles, systematics, biogeography, evolution, distribution, morphology Journal Article Marlow, R. W.;Patton, J. L. 1981 Biochemical relationships of the Galapagos giant tortoise (Geochelone elephantopus) Journal of Zoology, London 195 3 413-422 Reptiles, turtles, systematics, biogeography, evolution, distribution, morphology Journal Article Marlow, Ronald William;Patton, James L. 1981 Biochemical relationships of the Galápagos giant tortoises (Geochelone elephantopus) Journal of Zoology, London 195 413-422 Journal Article Marlow, R. W.;Tollestrup, K. 1982 Mining and exploitation of natural mineral deposits by the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii Animal Behaviour 30 2 475-478 Reptiles, turtles, California, calcium, Journal Article Marlow, Ronald William 1982 Is time a limiting resource for Gopherus agassizi? Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 133 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Marlow, R.;W;and, K.;Tollestrup 1982 Mining and exploitation of natural mineral deposits by the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii Anim. Behav. 1982 475 475-478 testu,oeko,namerika,vit PF x Journal Article Marlow, R.W.;Tollestrup, K. 1982 Mining and exploitation of natural mineral deposits by the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii Anim. Behav. 30 2 475-478 Journal Article Marlow, Ronald William;Tollestrup, Kristine 1982 Mining and the exploitation of natural mineral deposits by the Desert Tortoise, Gopherus agassizii Animal Behaviour 30 475-478, 1 plate Journal Article Marquez, M.R.;Van Dissel, H.G. 1982 A method for evaluating the number of massed nesting olive ridley sea turtles, Lepidochelys olivacea, during an arribazon, with comments on arribazon behaviour Netherlands Journal of Zoology 32 3 419-425 ridley Journal Article Marshall, E.;Grigg., G. C. 1980 Lack of metabolic acclimation to different thermal histories by tadpoles of Limnodynastes peroni (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Physiological Zoology 53 1-7 Journal Article Marshall, E.;Grigg., G. C. 1980 Acclimation of CTM, LD50, and rapid loss of acclimation of thermal preferendum in tadpoles of Limnodynastes peronii (Anura: Myobatrachidae) Australian Zoologist 20 447-455 Journal Article Marshall, G. A.;Amborski, R. L.;D. D. Culley, Jr. 1980 Calcium and pH requirements in the culture of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) larvae Proc. World Maricult. Soc. 11 445-453 Book Martin, Angus A.;Littlejohn, Murray J. 1982 Tasmanian Amphibians Hobart University of Tasmania 52 Book Martin, Angus A.;Littlejohn, Murray J. 1982 Tasmanian Amphibians Hobart University of Tasmania 52 p. Journal Article Martin, D. L. 1984 An instance of sexual defense in the cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus Copeia 1984 3 772-774 sexual defense, cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus, sexual interference Book Martof, Bernard S.;Palmer, William M.;Bailey, Joseph R.;Harrison, Julian R., III 1980 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press 264 Book Martof, Bernard S.;Palmer, William M.;Bailey, Joseph R.;Harrison, Julian R., III 1980 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press 264 p. Journal Article Marx, H.;Rabb, G. B.;Arnold, S. J. 1982 Pythonodipsas and Spalerosophis, colubrid snake genera convergent to the vipers Copeia 1982 3 553-561 reptiles, morphology, evolution Journal Article Marx, Hymen;Rabb, George B.;Arnold, Steven J. 1982 Pythonodipsas and Spalerosophis, Colubrid snake genera convergent to the vipers Copeia 1982 3 553-561 Journal Article Marx, Jean L. 1984 The riddle of development Science 226 1406-1408 Xenopus Journal Article Maryan, Bradford 1983/1984 Unusual defensive behaviour by Delma australis in captivity and in the wild Herpetofauna 15 1-2 51 Delma australis; Defensive behavior Journal Article Maryan, Bradford 1983/1984 The occurance of the Childrens python (Liasis childreni) on Dirk Hartog Island, W.A. Herpetofauna 15 1-2 48 Liasis childreni Journal Article Maryan, Bradford 1984/1985 Delma grayii Smith in an urban area near Perth, Western Australia Herpetofauna 16 1-2 29 Delma grayii Book Mash, Robert 1983 How to Keep Dinosaurs London André Deutsch 72 Journal Article Mason, J. R.;Stevens, D. A. 1981 Discrimination and generalization among reagent grade odorants by tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) Physiol Behav 26 4 647-53 Acetates/pharmacology; Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Butanols/pharmacology; Conditioning, Classical/drug effects; *Discrimination (Psychology); Male; *Odors; Olfactory Bulb/surgery Journal Article Mason, J. R.;Morton, T. H. 1982 Temporary and selective anosmia in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) caused by chemical treatment of the olfactory epithelium Physiol Behav 29 4 709-14 Acetoacetates/pharmacology; Ambystoma; Animal; Binding Sites/*drug effects; Butanols/pharmacology; Cyclohexanes/*pharmacology; Cyclohexanones/*pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Olfactory Mucosa/*innervation; Smell/*drug effects; Sulfides/pharmacology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) were trained to respond to two dissimilar odorants (i.e., cyclohexanone, dimethyl disulfide) but not to a third odorant (n-butanol). When the training criterion was met, the animals were anesthetized and given nasal lavages of saline or odorants in saline. Lavage with cyclohexanone decreased responding to cyclohexanone but not dimethyl disulfide, and vice-versa, in later behavioral tests. Likewise, ethyl acetoacetate lavage produced selective response decrements to cyclohexanone. Lavage with n-butanol had no effect on responding to presentations of either cyclohexanone or dimethyl disulfide. The effects of lavage increased with increasing odorant concentration. Thus, lavage with 0.05 M cyclohexanone or ethyl acetoacetate produced more persistent response decrements than lavage with 0.01 M concentrations of either odorant. Such results are consistent with several testable interpretations, including the possibility the response decrements could reflect the nature of odorant- receptor interactions. Journal Article Masukawa, L. M.;Kauer, J. S.;Shepherd, G. M. 1983 Intracellular recordings from two cell types in an in vitro preparation of the salamander olfactory epithelium Neurosci Lett 35 1 59-64 Action Potentials; Animal; Comparative Study; Epithelium/cytology/physiology; In Vitro; Intracellular Membranes/*physiology; Neurons/*classification/physiology; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela/*physiology Two electrophysiologically distinct cell types were found with intracellular recordings for the first time in an in vitro preparation of the olfactory epithelium of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Intracellular recordings showed that Type I cells did not discharge action potentials but had high resting membrane potentials (-50 to -104 mV) and relatively low input resistances. Type II cells had resting membrane potentials of -24 to -52 mV, high input resistances, and discharged upon penetration and to depolarizing current steps. The discharge pattern of Type II cells showed the following characteristics: (1) decreased spike latency and increased discharge frequency with increasing current step intensity; (2) relatively slowly adapting spike trains; and (3) varying spike amplitude during repetitive discharges. The superficial location in the epithelium of the Type I cells implies that they may be sustentacular cells with glial-like electrophysiological properties. The Type II cells are presumably olfactory receptor cells, based on the characteristics of their spike discharge to depolarizing current and their intermediate location within the olfactory epithelium. Journal Article Mateo, M.R.;Roberts, E.D.;Enright, F.M. 1984 Inflammation induced by subcutaneous turpentine inoculation of young American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Am. J. vet. Res. 45 9 1870-1875 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, pathology, inflammation, turpentine Reprint Endnote 95/184 Journal Article Mateo, M.R.;Roberts, E.D.;Enright, F.M. 1984 Morphologic, cytochemical, and functional studies of peripheral blood cells of young healthy American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Am. J. vet. Res. 45 5 10461053 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, blood, values, erythrocytes, morphology, cytochemistry Reprint Endnote 95/183 Journal Article Mathew, P. George 1984 Malayalam names of some common snakes in Kerala Hamadryad 9 2 4 Journal Article Mathew, P. George 1984 Survey of the frogs at a location in North Trivandrum District Hamadryad 9 1 22-24 Journal Article Matsui, Masafumi;Kokuryô, Yasuhiro 1984 Die fortpflanzungsstrategie weiblicher Japanischer Teichfrösche Rana porosa brevipoda Ito, 1941 in Kyoto, Japan Salamandra 20 4 233-247 Journal Article Matsumura, Y.;Cohen, B.;Guggino, W. B.;Giebisch, G. 1984 Electrical effects of potassium and bicarbonate on proximal tubule cells of Necturus J Membr Biol 79 2 145-52 Animal; Barium/pharmacology; Bicarbonates/*pharmacology; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Fluid/analysis; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*drug effects/physiology; Male; Membrane Potentials; Necturus/*metabolism; Necturus maculosus/*metabolism; Potassium/*pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; SITS/pharmacology The effects of stepwise concentration changes of K+ and HCO3- in the basolateral solution on the basolateral membrane potential (Vbl) of proximal tubule cells of the doubly-perfused Necturus kidney were examined using conventional microelectrodes. Apparent transference numbers were calculated from changes in Vb1 after alterations in external K+ concentration from 1.0 to 2.5 mM (tK, 1.0-2.5), 2.5 to 10, and in external HCO3- concentration (at constant pH) from 5 to 10 mM (tHCO3, 5-10), 10 to 20, or 10 to 50. tK, 2.5-10 was 0.38 +/- 0.02 under control conditions but was sharply reduced to 0.08 +/- 0.03 (P greater than 0.001) by 4 mM Ba++. This concentration of Ba++ reduced Vb1 by 9 +/- 1 mV (at 2.5 external K+). Perfusion with SITS (5 X 10(- 4)M) for 1 hr hyperpolarized Vb1 by 10 +/- 3 mV and increased tK, 2.5- 10 significantly to 0.52 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.001). Ba++ application in the presence of SITS depolarized Vb1 by 22 +/- 3 mV. In control conditions tHCO3, 10-50 was 0.63 +/- 0.05 and was increased to 0.89 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.01) by Ba++ but was decreased to 0.14 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.001) by SITS. In the absence of apical and basolateral chloride, the response of Vb1 to bicarbonate was diminished but still present (tHO3, 10-20 was 0.35 +/- 0.03). Intracellular pH, measured with liquid ion-exchange microelectrodes, increased from 7.42 +/- 0.19 to 7.57 +/- 0.17 (P less than 0.02) when basolateral bicarbonate was increased from 10 to 20 mM at constant pH. These data show that the effects of bicarbonate on Vb1 are largely independent of effects on the K+ conductance and that there is a significant current-carrying bicarbonate pathway in the basolateral membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Matsumura, Y.;Cohen, B.;Guggino, W. B.;Giebisch, G. 1984 Regulation of the basolateral potassium conductance of the Necturus proximal tubule J Membr Biol 79 2 153-61 Animal; Female; Ion Channels/drug effects; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism/*physiology; Male; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects; Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism; Necturus/*physiology; Necturus maculosus/*physiology; Ouabain/pharmacology; Potassium/metabolism/*pharmacology; Sodium/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Two methods, the measurement of the response of the basolateral membrane potential (Vbl) of proximal tubule cells of Necturus to step changes in basolateral K+ concentration, and cellular cable analysis, were used to assess the changes in basolateral potassium conductance (GK) caused by a variety of maneuvers. The effects of some of these maneuvers on intracellular K+ activity (aiK) were also evaluated using double-barreled ion-selective electrodes. Perfusion with 0 mM K+ basolateral solution for 15 min followed by 45 min of 1 mM K+ solution resulted in a fall in basolateral potassium (apparent) transference number (tK), Vbl and aiK. Results of cable analysis showed that total basolateral resistance, Rb, rose. The electrophysiological effects of additional manipulations, known to inhibit net sodium reabsorption across the proximal tubular epithelium of Necturus, were also investigated. Ouabain caused a fall in tK accompanied by large decreases in aiK and Vbl. Lowering luminal sodium caused a fall in tK and a small reduction in Vbl. Selective reduction of peritubular sodium, a maneuver that has been shown to block sodium transport from lumen to peritubular fluid, also resulted in a significant decrease in tK. These results suggest that GK varies directly with rate of transport of the sodium pump, irrespective of the mechanism of change in pump turnover. Journal Article Mattison, Chris 1980 De Balearenhagedis, Podarcis lilfordi op Menorca Lacerta 38 7 59-61 Book Mattison, Chris 1983 The Care of Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity London Blandford Press 304 Journal Article Matz, G.;Vanderhaege, M. 1980 BLV Terrariumguide BLV Terrarienführer Blv Verlag echsen,serp,testu,syst,oeko,zucht,vet,vit,tech PF x Book Matz, G.;Vanderhaege, M. 1980 BLV Terrarienführer München BLV Verlagsgesellschaft 360 p. Journal Article Matz, G.;Matz, J.;Vanderhaege, M. 1982 Les boides ou serpentes constricteurs. 8. Reproduction de deux Boines: Epicrates e. maurus Gray et Acrantophis dumerili Jan Extrait de Aquarama 16 49-51 Reptiles, boids, snakes, reproduction, Book Section Matz, Gilbert 1983 Tumeurs spontanees et experimentales observees chez Triturus alpestris (Laurenti) (Salamandridae) Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 129-133 Journal Article Matz, Gilbert 1984 La reproduction des reptiles et les facteurs de son induction Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 33-68 Journal Article Maunder, J. E. 1983 Amphibians of the province of Newfoundland Canadian Field Naturalist 97 1 33-46 Journal Article Maunsbach, A. B.;Boulpaep, E. L. 1980 Hydrostatic pressure changes related to paracellular shunt ultrastructure in proximal tubule Kidney Int 17 6 732-48 Animal; Extracellular Space/*physiology; Female; Human; *Hydrostatic Pressure; Intercellular Junctions/*ultrastructure; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*ultrastructure; Male; Necturus/*anatomy & histology; Necturus maculosus/*anatomy & histology; *Pressure We examined the effets of changes in hydrostatic pressures on the ultrastructural geometry of the lateral intercellular space and tight junctions in proximal tubules of contrtol (C) and volume-expanded (VE) Necturus kidney. The following groups of tubules were studied: (1) C, free-flow pressure, (2) C, stopped-flow, high-luminal pressure, (3) C, stopped-flow, low-luminal pressure, (4) VE, free-flow pressure, and (5) VE, stopped-flow, high-luminal pressure. Intratubular and peritubular capillary pressures were monitored before and during standardized perfusion-fixation for electron microscopy, and complete cross-sections of all sampled tubules were subjected to morphometric analysis. Average lateral intercellular space widths decreased significantly in C and VE stopped-flow tubules with high-luminal pressures but widened greatly in C stopped-flow tubules with low-luminal pressures. The length or width of the tight junctions did not change between the five experimental conditions. The ultrastructural changes correlate with the applied transepithelial pressure gradients rather than with transepithelial volume fluxes. The narrowing of lateral intercellular spaces in high pressure tubules correlate with the previously described increase in electrical resistance expressed per unit length tubule indicating that in these conditions part of the paracellular resistance is located in the free interspaces. The geometry of the lateral intercellular space in the proximal tubule of Necturus favors models of near-isotonic transport that do not depend on long and narrow interspaces. Journal Article Maunsbach, A. B.;Boulpaep, E. L. 1984 Quantitative ultrastructure and functional correlates in proximal tubule of Ambystoma and Necturus Am J Physiol 246 5 Pt 2 F710-24 Ambystoma/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Animal; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure; Epithelium/ultrastructure; Female; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiology/*ultrastructure; Mitochondria/ultrastructure; Necturus/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The functional properties of the proximal tubule in the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum have been well characterized but its ultrastructure has not been examined. We therefore analyzed the qualitative and quantitative ultrastructure of the proximal tubule in this species as a basis for structure-function correlations. In addition, a comparative study between species was performed between Ambystoma and Necturus. In Ambystoma the basal cell membrane but not the lateral cell membrane has a highly elaborate organization and is greatly amplified at the basal cell surface. Therefore, the bulk of the basolateral membrane does not face the lateral intercellular space but faces a basal extracellular labyrinth immediately adjacent to the peritubular space. We suggest that this intraepithelial compartment may serve as a site for solute- solvent interactions. The morphometric comparative analysis provides quantitative estimates of tubule dimensions, volume of cells and extracellular channels, areas of luminal, lateral, and basal cell membranes as well as averaged dimensions of the lateral intercellular spaces. Structure-function correlations show that when certain functional parameters are normalized on the basis of ultrastructural rather than epithelial dimensions the interspecies variability decreases. Journal Article Mautz, William J. 1980 factors influencing evaporative water loss in lizards Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 439-437 xantusia vigilis henshawi klauberina riversiana lepidophyma gageae smithii Journal Article Mautz, William J. 1980 Factors influencing evaporative water loss in lizards Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 429-437 Xantusia vigilis henshawi klauberina riversiana Lepidophyma gageae smithii Book Section Mautz, William J. 1982 Patterns of evaporative water loss Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 443-481 Book Section Mautz, William J. 1982 Use of cave resources by a lizard community Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 129-134 anolis taylori phyllodactylus lanei lepidophyma Journal Article Mautz, William J. 1982 Observations on an oviposition site of the side blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana Journal of Herpetology 16 331-332 Journal Article Maxon, Linda R.;Heyer, W. Ronald 1982 Leptodactylid frogs and the Brasilian shield: an old and continuing adaptive relationship Biotropica 14 1 10-15 Journal Article Maxson, Linda;Heyer, W. R.;Maxson, R. D. 1981 Phylogenetic relationships of the Brasilian leptodactylid frog genera Craspedoglossa, Cycloramphus and Zachaenus Experientia 37 144-145 Journal Article Maxson, L. R.;Wake, D. B. 1981 Albumin evolution and its phylogenetic implications in the plethodontid salamander genera Pseudoeurycea and Chiropterotriton Herpetologica 37 2 109-117 amphibians, phylogeny, relationships, Journal Article Maxson, L. R.;Heyer, W. R.;Maxson, R. D. 1981 Phylogenetic relationships of the Brasilian leptodactylid frog genera Craspedoglossa, Cycloramphus and Zachaenus Experientia 37 144-145 amphibians, albumin, immunological, Journal Article Maxson, Linda R.;Song, Ai-ran;Lopata, Randee 1981 Phylogentic relationships mong North American toads, genus Bufo Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 9 4 347-350 microscaphis cognatus boreas woodhousii Journal Article Maxson, Linda R. 1981 Albumin evolution and its phylogenetic implications in African toads of the genus Bufo Herpetologica 37 96-104 Amphibia, anura, bufonidae, africa, systematics, phylogeny, genetic distances, electrophoresis, Journal Article Maxson, Linda;Heyer, W. Ronald 1982 Leptodacylid frogs and the Brasilian Shield: An old and continuing adaptive relationship Biotropica 14 1 10-15 Journal Article Maxson, L. R.;Heyer, W. R. 1982 Leptodactylid frogs and the Brasilian shield: an old and continuing adaptive relationship Biotropica 14 1 10-15 amphibians, relationships, micro-complement fixation, divergence, mesozoic Journal Article Maxson, Linda R.;Tyler, Micheal J.;Maxson, Richard D. 1982 Phylogenetic relationships of Cyclorana and Litoria aurea species-group (Anura : Hylidae): a molecular perspective Australian Journal of Zoology 30 643-51 Amphibia, anura, hylidae, systematics, phylogeny, genetic distances, electrophoresis, cyclorana, litoria Journal Article Maxson, L. R.;Roberts, J. D. 1984 Albumin and Australian frogs: molecular data a challenge to speciation model Science 225 957-958 amphibians, molecular systematics, relationships Journal Article Maxson, Linda. R. 1984 Molecular probes of phylogeny and biogeography in toads of the widespread genusBufo Molecualr Biology and Evolution 1 345-356 Amphibia, anura, bufonidae, biogeography, systematics, electrophoresis, albumin evolution, phylogeny Journal Article Mayne, W. Wilson 1983 A record antidote? Hamadryad 8 3 6-7 Book Mayr, Ernst 1982 The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, evolution and Inheritance Cambridge, MA Belknap Press xiv, 974 Thesis Mazzotti, F.J. 1983 The ecology of Crocodylus acutus in Florida A thesis in Ecology 161 Journal Article Mazzotti, Frank J.;Dunson, William A. 1984 Adaptations of Crocodylus acutus and Alligator for life in saline water Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 79A 4 641-646 Journal Article McAllister, W.;Channing, A. 1983 Comparison of toe pads of some southern African climbing frogs South African Journal of Zoology 18 110-114 scanning electron microscope, morphology Book Section McBee, Richard H.;McBee, Virginia H. 1982 The hindgut fermentation in the green iguana, Iguana iguana Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 77-83 Journal Article McCoid, M. J.;Fritts, T. H. 1980 Notes on the diet of a feral population of Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) in Southern California Southwestern Naturalist 25 2 257-282 amphibians, frogs, introduction Journal Article McCoid, Michael J.;Fritts, Thomas H. 1980 Observations of feral populations of Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) in Southern California Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 79 2 82-86 Journal Article McCoid, M. J.;Dixon, J. R. 1981 Notes on Mexican Rhadinaea (Serpentes: Colubridae) Southwestern Naturalist 26 4 436-437 reptiles, snakes, Mexico, color, pattern Journal Article McCoid, Michael J.;Dixon, James R. 1981 Notes on Mexican Rhadinaea (Serpentes: Colubridae) Southwestern Naturalist 26 4 436-437 Arizona elegans arenicola Journal Article McCormick, C. A. 1982 The organization of the octavolateralis area in actinopterygian fishes:a new interpretation Journal of Morphology 171 159-181 Book McCoy, Michael 1980 Reptiles of the Solomon Islands Wau, Papua New Guinea Wau Ecology Institute 80 Book McCoy, C. J. 1980 Identification Guide to Pennsylvania Snakes Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie Museum of Natural History 12 Book McCoy, Michael 1980 Reptiles of the Solomon Islands Wau, Papua New Guinea Wau Ecology Institute vi, 80 p., 20 plates Journal Article McCoy, C. J. 1981 Amphibians and reptiles Carnegie Magazine 55 25-33 Book Section McCoy, C. J. 1982 Reptilia Hurlbert, S. H. and Villalobos-Figueroa, A. Aquatic biota of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies San Diego, CA San Diego State University 515-520 reptiles, aquatic, water Journal Article McCoy, C. J.;Censky, E. J. 1982 Herpetological type-specimens in Carneige Museum of Natural History: supplement Annals of Carnegie Museum 51 15 317-330 reptiles, amphibians, Journal Article McCoy, C. J. 1982 Amphibians and reptiles in Pennsylvania Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication 6 1-91 Journal Article McCoy, C. J.;Censky, Ellen J. 1982 Herpetological type-specimens in Carnegie Museum of Natural History: Supplement Annals of Carnegie Museum 51 15 317-330 Type-specimens Book McCoy, C. J. 1982 Amphibians and Reptiles in Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie Museum of Natural History 91 Journal Article McCoy, C. J.;Vogt, R. C.;Censky, E. J. 1983 Temperature-controlled sex determination in the sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Journal of Herpetology 17 4 404-406 reptiles, incubation, thermal, Journal Article McCoy, C. J. 1984 Ecological and zoogeographic relationships of amphibians and reptiles of the Cuatro Cienegas Basin Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 19 49-59 habitat Journal Article McCraine, J. R. 1980 Crotalus adamanteus Beauvois Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Catalogue of American Amhibians and Reptiles 252.1-252.2 natural history, Crotalus adamanteus Beavois, Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Journal Article McCraine, J. R. 1983 Nerodia taxispilota (Holbrook) brown water snake Catalogue of American Amphibianss and Reptiles 331.1-331.2 natural history, Nerodia taxispilota, brown water snake, Journal Article McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David;Porras, Louis 1980 A new species of Leptodactylus from the cloud forests of Honduras Journal of Herpetology 14 4 361-367 Honduras; Leptodactylus silvanimbus sp. nov Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1980 Crotalus adamanteus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 252 1-2 Journal Article McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David;Porras, Louis 1980 A New species of Leptodactylus from the Cloud Forests of Honduras Journal of Herpetology 14 4 361-368 holotype Journal Article McCranie, James R.;Roux-Esteve, R. 1980 The lectotype of Spilotes melanurus Dumeril, Bibron, and Dumeril Journal of Herpetology 14 2 200 taxonomy Journal Article McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David 1981 A new hylid frog of the genus Plectrohyla from a cloud forest in Honduras Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 92 1-7 Plectrohyla dasypus sp. nov.; New species; Honduras Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1981 Crotalus pricei Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 266 1-2 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1981 Drymarchon, D. corias Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 267 1-4 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1981 Crotalus basiliscus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 283 1-2 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1983 Nerodia taxispilota Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 331 1-2 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1983 Crotalus pusillus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 313 1-2 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1984 Crotalus vegrandis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 350 1-2 Journal Article McCrystal, Hugh K.;Dixon, James Ray 1983 Eggs and young of Schott's whipsnake, Masticophis taeniatus schotti Texas Journal of Science 35 2 161-163 Journal Article McCrystal, H. K.;Dean, R. H.;Dixon, J. R. 1984 Lampropeltis triangulum annulata (Mexican milk snake). Size Herp Review 15 1 19 reptiles, body size Journal Article McCrystal, Hugh K.;dean, Robert H.;Dixon, James R. 1984 Lampropeltis triangulum annulata (Mexican Milk Snake). Size Herpetological Review 15 1 19 Journal Article McDaniel, V. Rick;Karges, John P. 1983 Farancia abacura Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 314 1-2 Journal Article McDaniel, V. R.;Karges, J. P. 1983 Farancia abacura (holbrook) mud snake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 314.1-314.2 natural history, Farancia abacura, mud snake Journal Article McDevitt, D. S.;Yamada, T. 1980 Crystallin expression in the TVI cell line Differentiation 16 2 125-8 Animal; Cell Line; Crystallins/*biosynthesis; Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Immunoelectrophoresis; Iris/*metabolism; Salamandridae; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The TVI cell line, derived from dorsal iris cells of adult newts (notophthalmus viridescens), was investigated for the presence of crystallins. Since there is reason to believe that iris epithelial cells are the main sources of this cell line and since iris epithelial cells are known to convert into lens cells in primary cultures, it is possible that TVI cells also possess the capacity to synthesize crystallins, those proteins characteristic of lens cells. It is also possible, however, that the large number of passages gone through by TVI cells in the past has eliminated such differentiated synthetic capacity expressed in earlier generations. Our immunoelectrophoresis studies reveal the presence of small amounts of alpha and beta crystallins, and the absence of gamma crystallins in TVI cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence observations demonstrate that a small number of cells comparable to lens epithelial cells in crystallin composition and morphology are present in TVI cultures. In view of the fact that in the amphibian lens, epithelial cells which retain proliferative activity accumulate alpha and beta crystallins but not gamma crystallins, while fiber cells which are devoid of proliferative activity accumulate all three classes of crystallins, the present results suggest that the TVI cell line has lost the capacity to maintain lens fiber cells, which are known to be present in primary culture of iris epithelial cells. Journal Article McDevitt, D. S.;Brahma, S. K. 1982 alpha-, beta- and gamma-Crystallins in the regenerating lens of Notophthalmus viridescens Exp Eye Res 34 4 587-94 Animal; Antibodies/analysis; Crystallins/*analysis/immunology; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunoelectrophoresis; Lens, Crystalline/analysis/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Journal Article McDiarmid, R. W.;Foster, M. S. 1981 Breeding habits of the toad Bufo coccifer in Costa Rica, with a description of the tadpole Southwestern Naturalist 26 4 353-363 amphibians, reproduction, behavior Journal Article McDiarmid, R. W.;Savage, J. M. 1984 Taxonomic status of the frog genus Centrolenella Noble (Anura: Centrolenidae) Journal of Herpetology 18 2 213-215 amphibians, morphology Journal Article McDonald, D. G.;Ozog, J. L.;Simons., B. P. 1984 The influence of low pH environments on ion regulation in the larval stages of the anuran amphibian, Rana clamitans Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 2171-2177 Journal Article McDonnell, T. J.;Oberpriller, J. O. 1984 The response of the atrium to direct mechanical wounding in the adult heart of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. An electron-microscopic and autoradiographic study Cell Tissue Res 235 3 583-92 Animal; Autoradiography; Heart Injuries/metabolism/*physiopathology; Microscopy, Electron; Mitotic Index; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thymidine/metabolism; *Wound Healing Wound repair and proliferation were examined in the injured newt atrium with light- and electron-microscopic techniques including autoradiography. Hearts were injured by removing a piece approximately 0.5 mm2 of the atrial wall. The five-day wound was an endothelial and mesothelial-lined blood clot bordered by a 150-micron necrotic zone. Repair progressed from the periphery inward with areas of macrophage activity replaced by fibroblasts and connective tissue. The wound at 25 days consisted of a scar with few myocytes. There was no difference in the proliferative behavior between the right and left atria. Proliferative cells were localized to a 500-micron reactive zone surrounding the wound. The maximum mesothelial cell thymidine-labeling index of 20.5% and mitotic index of 1.4% were seen 5 days after injury. The peak connective tissue cell thymidine-labeling index of 10.2% and mitotic index of 0.4% were seen 10 days after wounding. The peak thymidine-labeling index of 9.8% for myocardial cells was recorded 10 days after injury with a mitotic index of 0.2%. Proliferation returned to control levels by 25 days post-injury. Electron microscopy demonstrated that myocytes engaged in DNA synthesis were indistinguishable from control myocytes. Z-band material was not observed in mitotic myocytes, but myofilaments and junctions were present. Journal Article McEwan, B. 1982 Bone anomalies in the shell of Gopherus polyphemus Fla. Sci. 45 3 189-195 Journal Article McGovern, John 1983/1984 Population of Notechis coronatus (crown snake) at Poison Creek Herpetofauna 15 1-2 49 Notechis coronatus Journal Article McGovern, John 1983/1984 Birth of Notechis coronatus in captivity Herpetofauna 15 1-2 23 Notechis coronatus Journal Article McIndoe, R.;Smith., D. G. 1984 Functional anatomy of the internal gills of the tadpole of Litoria ewingii (Anura, Hylidae) Zoomorphology 104 280-291 Journal Article McKeown, S., Juvik, J.O.,Meier, D.E., 1982 Observations on the reproductive biology of the land tortoises =Geochelone emys= and =Geochelone yniphora= in the Honolulu zoo Zoo Biology 1 223-235 reptilia chelonia cryptodira testudinidae, Geochelone emys, Geochelone yniphora, captivity, reproduction, sexual behavior, nesting behavior NOD-bestandDR Journal Article McKeown, S.;Juvik, J.O.;Meier, D.E. 1982 Observations on the reproductive biology of the land tortoises =Geochelone emys= and =Geochelone yniphora= in the Honolulu zoo Zoo Biology 1 223-235 reptilia chelonia cryptodira testudinidae, Geochelone emys, Geochelone yniphora, captivity, reproduction, sexual behavior, nesting behavior NOD-bestandDR Journal Article McKeown, Sean;Webb, Robert G. 1982 Softshell turtles in Hawaii Journal of Herpetology 16 2 107-111 Journal Article McKeown, S.;Juvik, J.O., Meier, D.E., 1982 Observations on the reproductive biology of the land tortoises =Geochelone emys= and =Geochelone yniphora= in the Honolulu zoo Zoo Biology 1 223-235 reptilia chelonia cryptodira testudinidae, Geochelone emys, Geochelone yniphora, captivity, reproduction, sexual behavior, nesting behavior NOD-bestand DR Journal Article McKeown, Sean 1984 Management and propagation of the lizard genus Phelsuma Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 149-161 Journal Article McLachlan, Athol 1981 Interactions between insect larvae and tadpoles in tropical rain pools Ecological Entomology 6 175-182 Anura, Ranidae, Ptychadena anchietae, tadpoles, rain pool, tropics, insect larvae sympatry, Chironomus imicola, Africa, 281 Journal Article McLachlan, G. R. 1981 Taxonomy of Agama hispida (Sauria: Agamidae) in Southern Africa Cimbebasia 5 6 219-227 Agama hispida; Southern Africa; Agama etoshae n. sp.; New species; Distribution; Key Journal Article McLachlan, A. 1981 Food sources and foraging tactics in tropical rain pools Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 71 265-277 Journal Article McLaughlin, Hooley M. G.;Liversage, Richard Albert;Rathbone, Michel P.;McLaughlin, Danielle S. 1982 Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in regenerating adult newt forelimbs following anaesthetization canadian journal of Zoology 60 5 976-983 Journal Article McLaughlin, H. M.;Rathbone, M. P.;Liversage, R. A.;McLaughlin, D. S. 1983 Levels of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in regenerating forelimbs of adult newts following denervation J Exp Zool 225 2 175-85 Animal; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism; *Denervation; Extremities/innervation/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors The effect of short-term denervation (0, 12, 24, and 72 hours) on the levels of cyclic 3'5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic 3'5'- adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in adult newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) forelimbs at 15, 22, and 35 days of regeneration was investigated. Regenerate blastema and stump cyclic nucleotide levels were compared with those of the contralateral intact forelimb and hindlimb, with levels in the normally regenerating blastema, and with levels measured in the forelimbs of intact, nonoperated animals. Variations in cyclic nucleotide levels occurred according to regeneration stage and tissue type. Changes in level were noted immediately upon denervation and subsequently at other sample times in all regenerate and control series. Parallel fluctuations occurred in regenerate stump and contralateral intact forelimbs. Our results from nonamputated denervated and sham-denervated animals indicate that short- term, denervation-associated cyclic nucleotide fluctuations cannot be attributed solely to the loss of innervation. Journal Article McMillan, M. A.;Semlitsch, R. D. 1980 Prey of the dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata, in South Carolina Journal of Herpetology 14 4 424-426 amphibians, diet, food, Journal Article McMillan, Michael A.;Semlitsch, Raymond D. 1980 Prey of the dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata in South Carolina Journal of Herpetology 14 424-426 Field 3-412, Rainbow Bay Conference Proceedings McNease, L.;Joanen, T 1981 Nutrition of alligators 15-28 Journal Article McPherson, R. J.;Marion, K. R. 1981 The reproductive biology of female Sternotherus odoratus in an Alabama population Journal of Herpetology 15 4 389-396 reptiles, turtles, reproduction, eggs, clutch size, sexual maturity, Journal Article McPherson, R. J.;Marion, K. R. 1981 Seasonal testicular cycle of the stinkpot turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) in central Alabama Herpetologica 37 1 33-40 reptiles, cycle, histology, spermatogenesis Journal Article McPherson, R. J.;Marion, K. R. 1982 Seasonal changes of total lipids in the turtle Sternotherus odoratus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 71A 93-98 reptiles, fat, cycle, energy Journal Article McRae, W.A.;J.L. Landers, G.D. Cleveland 1981 Sexual dimorphism in the gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus Herpetologica 37 1 46-52 Journal Article McSherry, J.M. 1981 The return of the gator Louisiana's management success story La. Conserv. 33 3 4-7 AM, management, conservation, LA Journal Article McSherry, J.M. 1981 The gator man of Bayou Blue La. Conserv. 33 3 8-9 AM, utilization, LA Journal Article McVey, Margaret E.;Zahary, Robert G.;Perry, Diane;MacDougal, John 1981 Territoriality and homing behavior in the poison dart frog (Dendrobates pumilio) Copeia 1 1-8 territoriality, homing behavior, poison dart frog, Dendrobates pumilio Journal Article Mead, J. I.;Thompson, R. S.;Devender, T. R. Van 1982 Late Wisconsinan and Holocene fauna from Smith Creek Canyon, Snake, Ridge, Nevada Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 20 1 1-26 fossils, amphibians, lizards, snakes, Journal Article Mead, J. I.;Roth, E. L.;Devender, T. R. Van;Steadman, D. W. 1984 The late Wisconsinan vertebrate fauna from Deadman Cave, southern Arizona Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 20 14 247-276 fossils, amphibians, lizards, snakes, Bufo woodhousei, Callisaurus draconoides, Phrynosoma, Gyalopium, Journal Article Mead, Jim L.;Roth, Edward L.;Van Devender, Thomas R.;Steadmen, David W. 1984 The late Wisconsinan vertebrate fauna from Deadman Cave, Southern Arizona Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 20 14 247-276 bufo woodhousii callisaurus draconoides phrynosoma modestum gyalopium canum Book Section Means, D. Bruce;Campbell, Howard W. 1982 Effects of prescribed burning on amphibians and reptiles Wood, G.W. Prescribed fire and wildlife in southern forests Georgetown, SC Belle W. Baruch Forest Science Inst. 89-97 fire habitat mortality endangered species Journal Article Means, D.B. 1982 Responses to winter burrow flooding of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus Daudin) Herpetologica 38 4 521-525 Journal Article Mecham, John S. 1980 Eumeces multivirgatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 241 1-2 Journal Article Mecham, John S. 1983 Nerodia harteri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 330 1-2 Conference Proceedings Medem, F. 1980 The breeding biology of the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger)-What we don't know Conference Proceedings Medem, F. 1980 The breeding biology of the Black caiman, Melanosuchus niger What we don't know (Abstract) Journal Article Medem, F. 1980 The first case of reproduction in captivity for the crocodilian genus Paleosuchus MS PAL, captive breeding, nest, reproduction, courtship, behavior, visual, vocal, parental care, morphology, South America Journal Article Medem, F. 1980 Status of crocodilians in Colombia, with notes on Venezuela and Peru Traffic (Int.) Bull. 2 5-6 55 CCR, CA, PAL, MN, CI, conservation, South America Journal Article Medem, F. 1980 Sanctioned exportation of caiman hides from Colombia Traffic (Int.) Bull. 2 9-10 95-96 CCR, utilization, conservation, South America Journal Article Medem, F. 1980 Caimans and crocodiles, a tale of destruction Oryx 18 390-391 CCR, CI, CA, conservation, utilization, South America Conference Proceedings Medem, F. 1980 Some aspects of the breeding biology of the crocodilian genus Paleosuchus in Colombia (Abstract) Book Medem, Federico 1981 Los Crocodylia de Sur America Volumen 1: Los Crocodylia de Colombia Bogotá Colciencias 354 + 3 folding maps Journal Article Medem, F. 1981 Some aspects of the breeding biology of the crocodilian genus Paleosuchus in Colombia MS PAL, reproduction, nest, parental care, morphology, South America Book Medem, F. 1981 Los Crocodylia de Sur America, vol 1 Los Crocodylia de Colombia Bogata, Colombia Ed. Carrera 7a Ltd. CCR, CL, MN, PAL, CA, CI, anatomy, morphology, distribution, reproduction, behavior, utilization, conservation, South America 354 Pp. Journal Article Medem, F. 1981 Horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) as ectoparasites on caimans (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in eastern Colombia Cespedesia 10 37-38 123-147 CCR, parasites, South America Book Medem, Frderico 1981-1983 Los Crocodylia de Sur America Volumen 1 & II Bogota, Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia 354 + 4 foldout maps & 270 + 13 foldout maps Crocodilia; South America Book Section Medem, F. 1982 Sanctioned exportation of caiman hides from Colombia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 121-126 Journal Article Medem, F. 1982 Caiman trade a "tradition" Traffic (USA) 4 3-4 4-5 CCR, MN, utilization, South America Book Medem, Frderico 1983 Los Crocodylia de Sur America Volumen II Bogota, Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia 270 + 13 foldout maps Crocodilia; South America Book Medem, F. 1983 Los Crocodylia de Sur America Vol II Bogota,Colombia Ed.Carerra 7a Ltd. CCR, PAL, CA, CI, MN, CL, distribution, reproduction, anatomy, morphology, ecology, behavior, general, South America 270 Pp. Journal Article Medica, P. A.;Bury, R. B.;Luckenbach, R. A. 1980 Drinking and construction of water catchments by the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in the mojave desert Herpetologica 36 4 301-304 reptiles, turtles, rain, water, digging, behavior, Journal Article Medica, P. A. 1980 Locality records of Rhinocheilus lecontei in the United States and Mexico Herp Review 11 2 42 reptiles, snakes Journal Article Medica, P.A.;R.B. Bury, R.A. Luckenbach 1980 Drinking and construction of water catchments by the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii in the Mojave desert, California Herpetologica 36 4 301-304 Journal Article Medica, P.A.;Bury, R.B.;Luckenbach, R.A. 1980 Drinking and construction of water catchments by the Desert Tortoise, Copherus agassizii, in the Mojave Desert Herpetologica 301-304, 1 plate Journal Article Medica, Philip A.;Lyons, Craig L.;Turner, Frederick B. 1982 A comparison of 1981 populations of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizi) in grazed and ungrazed areas in Ivanpah Valley, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 99-124 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Medica, P. A.;Turner, F. B. 1984 Natural longevity of lizards in southern Nevada Herp Review 15 2 34-35 age, reptiles, Edited Book Medvedev, l. N. 1983 fauna and ecology of the animals of Vietnam Moscow Nauka 208 p. Journal Article Meek, R. 1984 Thermoregulatory behaviour in a population of Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) in southern Yugoslavia Brit. J. Herpetol. 6 387-390 Reptilia, testudines, Testudo hermanni, physiology, thermoregulation Book Mehrtens, John M. 1984 Turtles Neptune City, NJ TFH 79, 3 foldout posters Journal Article MEIER, J.E. 1982 Surgical repair of a ventral abdominal hernia in Madagascan tomato frog ( Dyscophus antngili) Zoo An. Med. 13 123-124 Amphibia, anura, Madagascan tomato frog, pathology, hernia, surgery 270390 MDL DGB Rept 97 Journal Article Melgarejo, Aníbal R. 1980 Comportamiento depredador de Sibynomorphus turgidus (Cope) (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) Res. Jorn. C. Nat. Montevideo 1 127-128 Journal Article MENARD, M. 1984 External application of antibiotic to improve survival of adult laboratory frogs Lab. Anim. Sci. 34 94-96 Amphibia, anura, infection, therapy, percutaneous, bath R. pipiens, R. clamitans and R. temporaria: especially during red-leg endemics the following antibiotics were used: Tetracycline HCl (10 mg/l), Chloramphenicol (10 mg/l), Nalidixic acid (10 mg/l) (these three were less affective than the next: Gentamicin sulfate (8 mg/l), Nitrofurantoine (50 mg/l) and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (20, 80 mg/l). Alle medicaments were given as a permanent bath during 7 days. During therapy NaCl was added in a concentration of 0.15 %, after therapy, the concentration of NaCl was increased to 0.5% over a period of 7 days. Thereafter the animals were permanently kept in 1.5 % NaCl. Journal Article Mendonca, M.T. 1981 Comparative growth rates of wild immature Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta in Florida Journal of Herpetology 15 4 447-451 green; loggerhead Journal Article Meneghel, Melitta D.;Melgarejo, Aníbal R. 1980 El genero Sibynomorphus Fitzinger (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) en la Rep. O. del Uruguay Res. Jorn. C. Nat. Montevideo 1 91-92 Book Mengden, Gregory A. 1982 Chromosomal Evolution and the Phylogeny of Elapid Snakes Australian National University Ph.D. Dissertation xii, 219 Journal Article Mengden, Gregory A. 1983 The taxonomy of Australian elapid snakes: A review Records of the Australian Museum 35 5 195-222 classification taxonomy Journal Article Menke, M. E.;Claussen., D. L. 1982 Thermal acclimation and hardening in tadpoles of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Journal of Thermal Biology 7 215-219 Journal Article Menzies, James I.;Tyler, MIchael J.;Zweifel, Richard G. 1980 Cophixalus Boettger, 1892 (Amphibia, Salientia): proposed designation of type species under the plenary powers Z.N.(S.) 2298 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 36 4 231-235 Journal Article Merchant-Larios, H.;Villalpando., I. 1981 Ultrastructural events during early gonadal development in Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis Anatomical Record 199 349-360 Journal Article Merker, G. P. 1984 Energy utilization by free-ranging Sceloporus virgatus lizards Ecology 65 2 575-581 reptiles, metabolism, doubly labled water, feeding, foraging, growth, sex, water Journal Article Merker, Gerold P.;Nagy, Kenneth A. 1984 Energy utilization by free-ranging Sceloporus virgatus lizards Ecology 65 2 575-581 activity metabolism doubly labeled water energy budget feeding rate metabolic foraging cost efficiency Journal Article Merritt, R. B.;Kroon, W. H.;Wienski, D. A.;Vincent, K. A. 1984 Genetic structure of natural populations of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Biochem Genet 22 7-8 669-86 *Alleles; Animal; *Gene Frequency; Heterozygote; Isoenzymes/*genetics; Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes/genetics/metabolism; Peptide Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism; *Polymorphism (Genetics); Salamandridae/*genetics; Substrate Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Genetic variation is described at 15 loci in 2 neotenic and 12 nonneotenic populations of red-spotted newts. Though high levels of genetic similarity (I = 0.990) were found among all populations, allele frequencies at six of the eight most polymorphic loci show significant heterogeneity across populations. Change in allele frequencies at two of these loci (Pep-2 and Ldh-1) is significantly correlated with latitude. Interspecific homologies are established for newt peptidases based on substrate specificities and lactate dehydrogenases based on tissue distribution, thermal stability, and kinetic properties. Nonneotenic populations are highly variable (H = 0.157) and neotenic populations are only slightly, but significantly, less variable (H = 0.120). The high levels of heterozygosity detected in nonneotenic populations may result from large effective population size and/or environmental heterogeneity. The unexpectedly high heterozygosity values obtained for the neotenic populations may indicate adult dispersal or the presence of some previously undetected red efts at these localities. In any case, a major change in life history has apparently had little effect on the genetic structure of these populations. Journal Article Mescher, A. L.;Loh, J. J. 1981 Newt forelimb regeneration blastemas in vitro: cellular response to explanation and effects of various growth-promoting substances J Exp Zool 216 2 235-45 Animal; Cell Differentiation/drug effects; DNA/*biosynthesis; Forelimb/drug effects/*physiology; Growth Substances/*pharmacology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration/drug effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tissue Culture Macromolecular synthesis was studied in cultured newt forelimb blastemas. Late bud stage blastemas were explanted into organ culture and thus denervated. When the response of the blastemas to explantation was examined, it was found that a peak in 3H-leucine incorporation occurred at 2 hr of incubation, and a similar peak in 3H-thymidine incorporation occurred at 3-4 hr. After these initial increases, both parameters declined to levels lower than those determined at the time of explantation. The peaks in macromolecular synthesis reported here in vitro are similar to those observed in blastemas in vivo after denervation (Singer, '74). In the second part of the study, the ability of various growth-promoting substances to stimulate DNA synthesis in cultured blastemas was investigated. Increasing concentrations of fetal bovine serum caused increased levels of 3H-thymidine incorporation, with maximal stimulation at 30% serum. Newt brain extract (NBVE) was as effective as additional serum, with optimal stimulation at 100 micrograms total NBE protein per ml culture medium. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), derived from brain tissue, at a concentration of 10 ng/ml was as effective as both 30% serum and the optimal concentration of NBE. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) produced a maximal effect at 1 ng/ml. Neither nerve growth factor nor the platelet-derived growth factor were stimulatory. Bovine insulin was highly active in stimulating DNA synthesis at concentrations from 1-10 micrograms/ml. The requirement of nerves for blastemal development, as well as the possible roles of the various growth-promoting substances in this process, are discussed. Journal Article Mescher, A. L.;Munaim, S. I. 1984 "Trophic" effect of transferrin on amphibian limb regeneration blastemas J Exp Zool 230 3 485-90 Animal; Cell Division/drug effects; Comparative Study; DNA/biosynthesis; Extremities/*physiology; Iron/pharmacology; Mitotic Index; Notophthalmus viridescens; Organ Culture; Regeneration/*drug effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Transferrin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology/physiology In light of the recent demonstration that one "neurotrophic factor" of peripheral nerves is the iron-transport glycoprotein transferrin, we tested the effects of heterologous transferrin on cellular events in cultured newt forelimb blastemas. Addition of transferrin to medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum resulted in DNA labeling and mitotic activity approximately twice as high as that of blastemas cultured in medium with 1% serum alone. Blastemas maintained for 24 hr in medium with 1% serum were stimulated to increased levels of DNA synthesis by the addition of transferrin, and this response was dose-dependent. Varying the concentrations of iron and transferrin in the medium gave results indicating that the glycoprotein's trophic effect is due to its ability to furnish iron to the cells in an appropriate manner. Results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that blastema cell proliferation is promoted by transferrin or transferrin-like factors released from nerves. Journal Article Messel, H. and Vorlicek, G.C. 1980 Survey techniques and analysis for populations of C porosus in tidal river systems MS CPR, distribution, demography, techniques, Australia Journal Article Messel, H. and Stephens, D.R. 1980 Drug immobilization of crocodiles J. Wildl. Manage. 44 1 295-296 CPR, immobilization Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1980 Tidal waterways of Van Diemen Gulf Monograph 14 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 104 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J.;Johnson, A. 1980 Tidal waterways on the south-western coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria Monograph 12 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 84 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1980 Tidal waterways of Arnhem Bay Monograph 11 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 131 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1980 Tidal waterways of Buckingham and Ulundurwi Bays Monograph 10 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 92 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1980 Tidal waterways of Castlereagh Bay and Hutchinson and Cadell Straits Monograph 9 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 131 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J.;johnson, A. 1980 Tidal systems on the southeastern coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria Monograph 13 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 87 Book Section Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1980 The status and dynamics of Crocodylus porosus populations in the tidal waterways of northern Australia Martin, Banks & Proc. Melbourne Herp Symposium CPR, distribution, demography, Australia Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1981 The Blyth-Cadell river system study and the status of Crocodylus porosus in tidal waterways of northern Australia Monograph 1 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 461 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Elliott, M.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1981 Darwin and Bynoe Harbours and their tidal waterways Monograph 17 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 92 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J.;Curtis, H.S.;Roff, C.R.R.;Weaver, C.M.;Johnson, A. 1981 Surveys of tidal waterways on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia and their crocodile populations Monograph 16 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 115 Book Section Messel, H. 1981 The crocodile program in Northern Australia Population surveys and numbers A study of Crocodylus porosus in Northern Australia. CPR, distribution, ecology, demography, movement, morphology, techniques, Australia Book Messel, H.;Green, W.J.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G. 1982 Work maps of tidal waterways of northern Australia Monograph 15 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 368 Book Section Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Wells, A.G.;Green, W.J. 1982 The status and dynamics of Crocodylus porosus populations in the tidal waterways of northern Australia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 127-173 Book Section Messel, H.;vorlicek, G.C. 1984 A review of the growth of Crocodylus porosus in northern Australia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 171-215 Book Section Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Green, W.J.;Onley, I.C. 1984 The continuing and mysterious disappearance of a major fraction of sub-adult Crocodylus porosus from tidal waterways in northern Australia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 33-83 Book Messel, H.;Vorlicek, G.C.;Green, W.J.;Onley, I.C. 1984 Population dynamics of Crocodylus porosus and status, management and recovery Update 1979-1983 Monograph 18 Oxford, England and Sydney, Australia Pergamon Press Ltd. 308 Journal Article Mette, S. A.;Ruben, L. N. 1980 Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid effects in two amphibian model systems Cell Immunol 53 2 298-306 Animal; Antigens; Binding Sites; Ficoll/immunology; Horses; Kinetics; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology; *Models, Biological; Nitrobenzenes/*pharmacology; Notophthalmus viridescens; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thymectomy; Trinitrobenzenes/immunology; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid/*pharmacology; Xenopus laevis Journal Article Mettler, F.;Palmer, D.;Rübel, A.;Isenbügel, E. 1982 Gehäuft auftretende Fälle von Parakeratosen mit Epithelablösung der Landschildkröten Verh. Ber. Xxiv. Int. Symp. Erkrankungen Zootiere Veszprem vit,vet,testu Fernl x Journal Article Mettler, F.;D;Palmer, A.;RÅbel, und E.;IsenbÅgel 1982 GehÑuft auftretende FÑlle von Parakeratosen mit Epithelablîsung der Landschildkrîten Verh. Ber. Xxiv. Int. Symp. Erkrankungen Zootiere Veszprem vit,vet,testu Fernl x Journal Article Mettler, F.;Palmer, .;Rübel, A.;Isenbügel, E 1982 Gehäuft auftretende Fälle von Parakeratosen mit Epithelablösung der Landschildkröten Verh. Ber. Xxiv. Int. Symp. Erkrankungen Zootiere Veszprem vit,vet,testu Fernl x Journal Article Meylan, Peter A. 1982 The squamate reptiles of the Inglis IA fauna (Irvingtonian: Citrus County, Florida) Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 27 3 1-85 Journal Article Meylan, Peter A. 1984 Evolutionary relationships of recent trionychid turtles: evidence from shell morphology Studia Geologica Salmanticensia, Volumen Especial: Studia Palaeocheloniologica 1 169-188 Journal Article Milke, K.J. 1982 Parasites in turtles Vet.Med. Diss. 552 Parasites, turtles,Flubenol, Panacur, Rintal 260490 MDL DGB Rept. 101 Journal Article Milke, K.J. 1982 Parasites by turtles Vet.Med. Diss. 552 Parasites, turtles,Flubenol, Panacur, Rintal 260490 MDL DGB Rept. 101 Journal Article Milke K.J. 1982 Parasites by turtles Vet.Med. Diss. 552 Parasites, turtles,Flubenol, Panacur, Rintal 260490 MDL DGB Rept. 101 Journal Article Miller, K.;Hutchison, V. H. 1980 Aerobic and anaerobic scope for activity in the giant toad, Bufo marinus Physiological Zoology 53 2 170-175 amphibians, oxygen consumption, lactate, energetics, metabolism Journal Article Miller, Harry 1980 Madras diary Hamadryad 5 3 9-10 Journal Article Miller, Malcolm R. 1980 The cochlear nuclei of snakes Journal of Comparative Neurology 192 717-736 Journal Article Miller, Donald;Young, Robert 1981 Checklist of the reptiles and amphibians of the Grand canyon Area Journal Article Miller, Malcolm R. 1981 Scanning electron microscope stidies of the auditory papillae of some Iguanid lizards American Journal of Anatomy 162 55-72 Book Miller, Donald;Young, Robert 1981 Checklist of the reptiles and amphibians of the Grand canyon Area Book Section Miller, J.D.;Limpus, C.J. 1981 Incubation period and sexual differentiation in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas L. Banks, L.B. and A.A. Martin Proceedings of the Melbourne Herpetological Symposium Zoological Board of Victoria 66-73 green/sex ratio Book Miller, Donald M. ;Young, Robert A.;Gatlin, Thomas W.;Richardson, John A. 1982 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Grand Canyon National Park Arizona Grand Canyon Natural History Association vii + 144 Book Miller, Donald M.;Young, Robert A.;Gatlin, Thomas W.;Richardson, John A. 1982 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Grand Canyon Grand Canyon Natural History Association viii, 144 Journal Article Millichamp, N. J. 1981 Nutritional diseases in reptiles In: Coborn Reptilia, sauria, testudines, pathology, food, feeding, deficiency, survey vet,vit,testu,serp,echsen,kroko PF x Journal Article Millichamp, N.J. e.a. 1983 Egg retention in snakes javma 183 11 1213-1218 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, egg, retention, therapy 210390 MDL DGB Rept 35 Journal Article Millichamp, N. J.;Jacobson, E. R.;Wolf, E. D. 1983 Diseases of the eye and ocular adnexae in reptiles J Am Vet Med Assoc 183 11 1205-12 Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology; Animal; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis/veterinary; Case Report; Eye/abnormalities/anatomy & histology; Eye Abnormalities; Eye Diseases/diagnosis/*veterinary; Lizards/anatomy & histology; Mycoses/diagnosis/veterinary; Parasitic Diseases/diagnosis/veterinary; *Reptiles/anatomy & histology; Snakes/anatomy & histology; Turtles/anatomy & histology; Virus Diseases/diagnosis/veterinary Report Minden, R. L. 1980 Investigations of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on the Beaver Dam Slope, Washington County, Utah 1-43 Book Section Minnich, John E. 1982 The use of water Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 325-395 Journal Article Minnich, J.;E;and, V.;H.;Shoemaker 1982 Diet, behavior and water turnover in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis Am. Midl. Nat. 1982 496 496-509 echsen,oeko,namerika,physiol,vit PF x Journal Article Minton, Sherman A. 1980 Thamnophis butleri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 258 1-2 Book Minton, Sherman A.;Minton, Madge Rutherford 1980 Venomous Reptiles, Revised Edition New York Charles Scribner's Sons xii + 308 + 16 plates Venomous snakes Book Minton, Sherman A.;Minton, Madge Rutherford 1980 Venomous Reptiles, Revised Edition New York Charles Scribner's Sons xii, 308 p., 16 plates Journal Article Minton, Sherman A., Jr.;Minton, Madge Rutherford 1981 Toxicity of some Australian snake venoms for potential prey species of reptiles and amphibians Toxicon 19 6 749-755 pseudonaja textilis pseudechis porphyriacus notechis scutatus austrelaps superbus acanthophis antarcticus Journal Article Minton, Sherman A. 1983 Sistrurus catenatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 332 1-2 Journal Article Minton, Madge Rutherford 1983 Snake people of Sind Animal Kingdom 86 1 40-46 Journal Article Minton, S. A.;Weinstein, S. A. 1984 Protease activity and lethal toxicity of venoms from some little known rattlesnakes Toxicon 22 5 828-30 Animal; Crotalid Venoms/*analysis/toxicity; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Peptide Hydrolases/*analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Information on yield, lethality, and protease activity is given for venoms of Crotalus exul, C. p. pricei, C. pusillus, C. w. willardi and Sistrurus ravus. Lethal toxicity of C. tigris venom (LD50 i.v. 0.056 mg/kg; s.c. 0.21 mg/kg) is the highest known for any rattlesnake venom. The lethal potency of C. pricei venom is high by i.v. but not by s.c. injection. Both these venoms lack protease activity. C. pusillus venom is lowest in lethality. Journal Article Minton, Sherman A., Jr ca. 1980 Beware: nonpoisonous snakes 56-61 Journal Article Miragall, F. 1983 Evidence for orthogonal arrays of particles in the plasma membranes of olfactory and vomeronasal sensory neurons of vertebrates J Neurocytol 12 4 567-76 Ambystoma; Animal; Axons/ultrastructure; Dendrites/ultrastructure; Freeze Fracturing; Inclusion Bodies/*ultrastructure; Male; Nasal Mucosa/*innervation; Nasal Septum/*innervation; Neurons/ultrastructure; Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology; Olfactory Mucosa/*innervation; Olfactory Pathways/anatomy & histology; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Synaptic Membranes/*ultrastructure Plasma membranes of sensory neurons from the olfactory and vomeronasal neuroepithelia of the male rat and olfactory neuroepithelium of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) have been examined, using the freeze-fracture technique, for the presence and morphology of orthogonal arrays of particles (OAP). Numerous OAP were scattered on the P-face of plasma membranes of the dendrites and cell bodies from rat vomeronasal sensory neurons. The OAP were 720 +/- 200 nm2 in area and they consisted of 4 to 20 particles whose centre-to-centre distance was about 7 nm. On the E-face, complementary orthogonal arrays of pits were observed. No OAP were detected in the olfactory sensory neurons of the rat. In the dendritic and perikaryal plasma membranes of the tiger salamander olfactory sensory neurons, OAP 2230 +/- 970 nm2 in area were observed on the P-face. The OAP consisted of 12 to 36 particles. The centre-to-centre distance of the particles was about 7 nm. In the olfactory receptor cell plasma membranes of this species, OAP formed complexes of 2 to 28 individual OAP, the longitudinal axes of which were usually arranged in parallel. Complementary complexes of orthogonal arrays of pits were observed on the E-face. Book Mirtschin, Peter;Davis, Richard 1983 Dangerous Snakes of Australia (Revised Edition) Adelaide Rigby Publishers 208 Journal Article Mishra, S. B. 1983 Observations on the nesting behaviour of the Ganges roofed turtle, Kachuga dhongoka in the National Chambal Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh Hamadryad 8 3 13 Kachuga dhongka Journal Article Mishra, P. K.;Dash, M. C. 1984 Metamorphosis of Polypedates maculatus(Gray, 1830): An analysis of crowding effect Alytes 3 4 163-172 Journal Article Misra, P. K.;Dash., M. C. 1984 Larval growth and development of a tree frog, Rhacophorus maculatus Gray Tropical Ecology 25 203-207 Journal Article Mitchell, J. C.;Hedges, S. B. 1980 Ambystoma mabeei Bishop (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) an addition to the salamander fauna of Virginia Brimleyana 3 119-121 amphibians, distribution Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C. 1981 A bibliography of Virginia amphibians and reptiles Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1981 50 1-51 Journal Article Mitchell, G. S.;Gleeson, T. T.;Bennett, A. F. 1981 Pulmonary oxygen transport during activity in lizards Respiration Physiology 43 365-375 Journal Article Mitchell, J. C. 1981 Notes on male combat in two Virginia snakes, Agkistrodon contortrix and Elaphe obsoleta Catesbeinana 1 1 7-9 male combat, snakes, Agkistrodon contortrix, elaphe obsoleta, copperhead, rat snake Journal Article Mitchell, J. C.;Pague, C. A.;Early, D. L. 1982 Elaphe obsoleta (black rat snake). Autophagy Herp Review 13 2 47 reptiles, snakes Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C. 1982 Farancia erytrogramma Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 293 1-2 Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C. 1982 Farancia Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 292 1-2 Journal Article Mitchell, J. C. 1982 Francia erytrogramma Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 293.1-293.2 reptiles, amphibians Journal Article Mitchell, J. C. 1982 Farancia Gray, Mud and rainbow snakes Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 292.1-292.2 natural history, Farancia gray, mud and rainbow snakes Journal Article Mitchell, J. C. 1982 Museum and literature records for the rainbow snake (Farancia erythrogramma Palisot de Beauvois) Herpetological Review 13 1 26 distribution, Farancia erythrogramma, rainbow snake Journal Article Mitchell, J. C. 1982 Farancia erytrogramma Palisot de Beauvois rainbow snake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 293.1-293.2 systematics, distribution, morphology, natural history, Farancia erytrogramma Journal Article Mitchell, J. C. 1982 Farancia Gray mud and rainbow snakes Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 292.1-292.2 morphology, distribution, paleontology, natural history, Farancia abacura, F. erytrogramma Journal Article Mitchell, J. C. 1983 Population ecology and demography of the freshwater turtles Chrysemys picta and Sternotherus odoratus Dissertation Abstracts International 43 9 reptiles, Journal Article Mitchell, S. L.;Altig., R. 1983 The feeding ecology of Sooglossus gardineri Journal of Herpetology 17 281-282 Journal Article Mitchell, J. C.;Zug, G. R. 1984 Spermatogenic cycle of Nerodia taxispilota (Serpentes: Colubridae) in south central Virginia Herpetologica 40 2 200-204 reptiles, snakes, reproduction, sexual maturity, sperm storage Journal Article Mittermeier, R. A.;Medem, F.;Rhodin, A. G. J. 1980 Vernacular names of South American turtles SSAR 9 1-44 reptiles, nomenclature Book Mittermeier, Russell A.;Medem, Federico;Rhodin, Anders G. 1980 Vernacular names of South American turtles Oxford, OH SSAR 44 South America; Turtles Journal Article Mittermeier, Russell A. 1984 Ancient Giants of the River Focus November/December 3 Podocnemis expansa Journal Article Mittwoch, U.;Mahadevaiah, S. 1980 Additional growth - A link between mammalian testes, avian ovaries, gonadal asymmetry in hermaphrodites and the expression of H-Y antigen Growth 44 287-300 sex ratio Journal Article Miyamoto, Michael M.;Cane, James H. 1980 Notes on the reproductive behavior of a Costa Rican population of Hyla ebracata Copeia 1980 4 928-930 Journal Article Miyamoto, Michael M.;Cane, James H. 1980 Behavioral observations of noncalling males in Costa Rican Hyla ebraccata Biotropica 12 3 225-227 Journal Article Miyamoto, M. M. 1982 Vertical habitat use by Eleutherodactylus frogs (Leptodactylidae) at two Costa Rican localities Biotropica 14 2 141-144 habitat use, daily patterns, calling, physiology, Amphibia, Anura Journal Article Miyata, Kenneth 1980 A new species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from the cloud forests of northwestern Ecuador Breviora 458 1-10 Journal Article Miyata, Ken 1980 Notes on the Occurance of Elutherodactylus appendiculatus in Ecuador Journal of Herpetology 14 1 85-86 frog, distribution Journal Article Miyata, Kenneth 1982 A check list of the amphibians and reptiles of Ecuador with a bibliography of Ecuadorian herpetology Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1982 54 1-70 Journal Article Miyata, K. 1982 A Check list of the Amphibians and reptiles of Ecuador with a bibliography of Ecuadorian herpetology Smithsonian Heretological Information Service 54 1-70 Ecuador, amphibians, reptiles, herpetology, checklist, bibliography, literature Journal Article Miyata, K. 1983 Notes on the Phenacosaurus heterodermus in the Sabana de Bogota, Colombia Journal of Herpetology 17 1 102-105 Reptiles, lizards, anoles, body size, body temperature Journal Article Miyata, Kenneth 1983 Notes on the Phenacosaurus heterodermus in the Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia Journal of Herpetology 17 1 102-105 Reptiles, lizards, anoles, body size, body temperature Journal Article Miyomoto, M. M. 1982 Vertical habitat use by Eleutherodactylus frogs (Leptodactylidae) at two Costa Rican localities Biotropica 14 141-144 Amphibia, ecology, habitat use, distribution Journal Article Mohanty, J.B. 1980 Prolapse of the genitals including prolapse of the cloaca in male gharial (Gavialis gangeticusI), a clinical report. Indian Vet. J. 57 347-349 Reptilia, sauria, gharial, Gavialis gangeticusI, pathology, prolapse, genital, cloaca, male Journal Article Mohanty, J.;Tripathy, S.B.;Acharjyo, L.N.;Pradhan, P.C.;Mishra, V. 1980 Prolapse of the genitals including prolapse of cloaca in male gharial (Gavialis gangeticus: a clinical case report Indian Vet. J. 57 4 347-349 GG, disease, India Book Section Mohanty-Hejmadi, P.;Kanungo, J. 1983 Liver tumors in captive Indian bull frog Rana tigerina Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 135-136 Book Section Mok, Wai Yin;Morato de Carvalho, Celso;Ferreira, Luis Carlos;Meirelles, José Wilson s. 1983 Natural mycotic infections in Amazonian Anurans Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 59-65 Book Section Mok, Wai Yin;Ferreira, Luis Carlos;Morato de Carvalho, Celso;Meirelles, José Wilson s. 1983 Generalized opportunistic mycotic infection in a river turtle Podocnemis unifilis (Chelonia: Pelomedusidae) Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 67-72 Conference Proceedings Moler, P.E. 1980 Aspects of the biology of Crocodylus acutus in Florida (Abstract only) Journal Article Molina Borja, Miguel 1981 Etograma del lagarto de Tenerife, Gallotia galloti galloti (Sauria-Lacertidae) Doñana, Acta Vertebrata 8 43-78 Journal Article Moll, Edward R. 1982 Freshwater turtles: the drug trade Hamadryad 7 3 21-22 Journal Article Moll, Edward O. 1983 Turtle survey update (January to April 1983) Hamadryad 8 2 15-17 Journal Article Moll, D. 1983 A proposed origin of nesting location divergence and a shared feeding range in Brazilian green turtle populations Copeia 1983 1 121-125 green Journal Article Monagas, W. R.;R. E. Gatten, Jr. 1983 Behavioural fever in the turtles Terrapene carolina and Chrysemys picta J. Therm. Biol. 8 3 285-288 reptiles, body temperature, thermal selection Journal Article Monayong Ako'o, M. 1981 L'evolution du tube digestif chez la larve de Phrynodon sandersoni Parker (Amphibia, Anura, Phrynobatrachinae) Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun 28 105-115 Journal Article Mongas, W.R.;Jr., R.E. Gatten 1983 Behavioral fever in turtles Terrapene carolina and Chrysemys picta J. Therm. Biol. 8 285-288 Thesis Montague, J.J. 1981 Characteristics of a crocodile population in Papua New Guinea Journal Article Montague, J.J. 1981 His "crop" is crocodiles Int. Wildl 11 2 21-27 CPR, CNV, farming, conservation, Australia Thesis Montague, J.J. 1982 Morphometric, injury, and growth analysis of Crocodylus novaeguineae from the Fly River drainage Journal Article Montague, J.J. 1983 Influence of water level, hunting pressure and habitat type on crocodile abundance in the Fly River drainage, Papua New Guinea Biol. Cons. 26 309-339 CPR, CNV, conservation, utilization, Australia Journal Article Montague, J.J. 1983 A new size record for the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Herpetol. Rev. 14 2 36-37 CPR, size, Australia Journal Article Montague, J.J. 1984 Morphometric analysis of Crocodylus novaeguineae from the Fly River drainage, Papua New Guinea Aust. Wildl. Res. 11 395-414 CNV, morphology, Australia Journal Article Montague, J.J. 1984 Abnormalities and injuries in New Guinea freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus novaeguineae) J. Herpetol. 18 201-204 CNV, disease, Australia Journal Article Montgomery, N.;K. V. Fite, M. Taylor;Bengston., L. 1982 Neural correlates of optokinetic nystagmus in the mesencephalon of Rana pipiens: a functional analysis Brain Behav. Evol. 21 137-150 Journal Article Montilla, F. S. 1980 Una nueva especie del genero Crotalus (Serpentes, Crotalidae, Crotalinae) del sur estado Guarico, Venezuela Memorias Cientificas de Ofidiologia 5 1-12 Reptiles, snakes, species description, distribution, morphology, specimens Journal Article Montilla, F. Sandner 1982 Serpientes Crotalinae de Venezuela Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 193-194 Journal Article Moody, S.;Rocek, Z. 1980 Chamaeleo caroliquarti (Chamealeonidae, Sauria): a new species from the Lower Miocene of central Europe. Vestnik Ustredniho ustavu geologickeho 55 2 85-92 Reptiles, lizards, fossil, species description, Europe, morphology Thesis Moody, Scott Michael 1980 Phylogenetic and Historical Biogeography Relationships of the Genera in the Family Agamidae (Reptilia: Lacertilia) Report Moody, M.W. and Coreil, P.D. 1981 Alligators: Harvesting and processing Journal Article Moore, T. E.;Nussbaum, R. A. 1983 Caeciliidae in amphibia and insecta (Psocoptera): proposals to remove the homonymy.z.n.(s.)2333 Bull. Zool. Nom. 40 2 124-128 nomenclature Journal Article Moore, F. L.;Miller., L. J. 1984 Stress-induced inhibition of sexual behavior: corticosterone inhibits courtship behaviors of a male amphibian (Taricha granulosa) Hormones and Behavior 18 400-410 Journal Article Moore (ed.), John A. 1984 Science as a way of knowing-Evolutionary Biology American Zoologist 24 2 419-534 Journal Article Mora, J M;and Robinson, D C 1982 Discovery of a blind olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) nesting at Playa Ostional, Costa Rica 30 2 178-179 ridley Journal Article Morafka, David;Aguirre, Gustavo;Recht, Michael;Adest, Gary 1980 Activity population structure and thermoregulation of Bolson tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 141-142 Gopherus flavomarginatus Book Section Morafka, D.J.;G.A. Adest, G. Aguirre, M. Recht 1981 The ecology of the Bolson tortoise, Gopherus flavomarginatus R. Barbault, G. Halffter Ecology of the Chihuahuan Desert. Organisation of some vertebrate communities Instituto de Ecologia 35-78 Journal Article Morafka, D.J. 1982 The autecology of the endangered Mexican Bolson Tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus): A program for conservation, husbandry and management Newspaper Article Moran, J. 1984 The hunt, the hunters pp. 6A-7A Book Section Morato de Carvalho, Celso;Py-Daniel, Victor;Magnusson, William E. 1983 Tupinambis teguixin (L.) (Sauria: Teiidae) parasitized by Amblyomma dissimile (Acarina: Ixodidae) and Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 77-78 Journal Article MORAVEC, F.;COSGROVE, G.E. 1982 Pseudocapillaroides xenopi from the epidermis of the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis Daud. Rev. Zool. Afr. 96 129-137 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, infection, helminth, Capillaria, Journal Article Morere, Jean-Jacques 1982 Presentation de la Societe Batrachologique de France. [Presentation of the Batrachological Society of France] Alytes 1 4 71-74 Journal Article Morere, Jean-Jacques 1983 Note a propos du pelobate burn (Pelobates fuscus) dans l'Allier. [Note with regard to a brown pelobatid (Pelobates fuscus) from Allier] Alytes 2 4 171 rana esculenta Journal Article Morere, Jean-Jacques 1983 Des rainetts, des pompiers et un comedien. [The treefrogs, the firemen and a comedian] Alytes 2 1 27-28 conservation removal Journal Article Morgan-Davies, A.M. 1980 Translocating crocodiles Oryx 15 4 371-373 CNL, techniques, conservation, Africa Book Mori, Max 1982 Japans Schlangen Vol. I Tokyo Igaku-Shoin 80 Journal Article Mori, A.;Amano, M.;Ota, H. 1984 Notes on some lizards found in Aragusukujima Island of the Yaeyama Group, Ryukyu Archipelago Biological Magazine of Okinawa 22 117-118 Book Mori, Max 1984 Japans Schlangen Vol. II Tokyo Igaku-Shoin 102 Journal Article Morin, P. J. 1981 Predatory salamanders reverse the outcome of competition among three species of anuran tadpoles Science 212 1284-1286 amphibians, frogs, Journal Article Morin, P. J. 1983 Predation, competition, and the composition of larval anuran guilds Ecological Monographs 53 2 119-138 Caudata, salamanders, larvae, Ambystoma, Bufo, Hyla, Notophthalmus, Rana, Scaphiopus, community, competition, diversity, temporary ponds, predation, Amphibia Journal Article Morin, Peter J.;Wilbur, Henry M.;Harris, Reid N. 1983 Salamander predation and the structure of experimental communities: Responses of Notophthalmus and microcrustacea Ecology 64 6 1430-1436 competition life history North Carolina notophthalmus viridescens pond predation zooplacton Journal Article Morin, P. J. 1983 Competitive and predatory interactions in natural and experimental populations of Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis and Ambystoma tigrinum Copeia 1983 628-639 Journal Article Morin, P. J.;Wilbur, H. M.;Harris., R. N. 1983 Salamander predation and the structure of experimental communities: responses of Notophthalmus and microcrustacea Ecology 64 1430-1436 Book Morisi, Angelo 1983 Guida agli Anfibi e Rettili della provincia de Cuneo Alba Museo Civico F. Eusebio 64 Journal Article Morisson, D.A.;Gallagher, K.J. 1983 Possible use of water turnover rates to estimate foodintake in lizards Brit. J. Herpetol 6 407-409 Reptilia, sauria, food, feeding, hydration, water, relationship Journal Article Moritz, C. 1983 Parthenogenesis in the endemic Australian lizard Heteronotia binoei (Gekkonidae) Science 220 735-737 reptiles, chromosomes, variation, reproduction, evolution Journal Article Morley, T. P.;Morley, P. T. 1983/1984 An inventory of the reptiles of Danggali Conservation Park Herpetofauna 15 1-2 32-36 Journal Article Morreale, Stephen J.;Ruiz, Georgita J.;Spotila, James R.;Standora, Edward A. 1982 Temperature-dependent sex determination: current practices threaten conservation of sea turtles Science 216 1245-1247 Journal Article Morreale, S. J.;Gibbons, J. W.;Congdon, J. D. 1984 Significance of activity and movement in the yellow-bellied slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 1038-1042 reptiles, South Carolina, reproductive strategies, Journal Article Morris, K. A.;Packard, G. C.;Boardman, T. J.;Paukstis, G. L.;Packard, M. J. 1983 Effect of the hydric environment on growth of embryonic snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) Herpetologica 39 3 272-285 reptiles, development, water, eggs, metabolism, Journal Article Morris, M. A.;Brandon, R. A. 1984 Gynogenesis and hybridization between Ambystoma platineum and Ambystoma texanum in Illinois Copeia 2 324-327 Journal Article Morris, M. A. 1984 Comparison of erythrocyte sizes in Ambystoma texanum, A. laterale and A. jeffersonianum Journal Of Herpetology 18 2 197-198 Journal Article Morris, M. A.;Brandon., R. A. 1984 Gynogenesis and hybridization between Ambystoma platineum and Ambystoma texanum in Illinois Copeia 1984 324-337 Journal Article Morten, Ryg; 1984 Effects of nutrition on seasonal changes in testosterone levels in young male reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) Comp.Biochem.Physiol.A.Comp.Physiol 77 4 619-621 hormones/mammals/nutrition/physiology Journal Article Mortimer, J. A.;Carr, A. 1984 Reproductive ecology and behavior of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) at Ascension Island National Geographic Society Research Reports 17 257-270 green Journal Article Mortimore, Craig 1983 State Report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 16-18 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Mortimore, Craig 1984 State Report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 17-23 Journal Article Morzlock, F. V. 1980 Increased activities of acid protease and acid phosphatase in denervated forelimb regenerates of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Growth 44 2 123-32 Acid Phosphatase/*metabolism; Animal; Atrophy/enzymology; Denervation; Forelimb/pathology/*physiology; Kinetics; Notophthalmus viridescens; Peptide Peptidohydrolases/*metabolism; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Early bud and palette limb regenerates of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, were compared with respect to the effect of denervation on the activities of some of their hydrolases in order to determine if these enzymes contribute to the atrophy of denervated regenerates. Results show that denervation increased total activities of acid protease and acid phosphatase by 77-89% and 41-45% respectively at both stages examined. Both membrane-bound and soluble enzymatic forms contributed to the observed increase in the total activity of each hydrolase. Furthermore, the actual levels of each enzyme attained at the two stages following denervation were quite similar to each other. Since each hydrolase responded to denervation in a similar way at both stages examined, it was concluded that resorption of denervated limb regenerates is not primarily due to the increased activity of hydrolases. Denervated early bud regenerates, which are almost completely resorbed following nerve withdrawal, would be expected to show greater levels of hydrolytic activity than denervated palette regenerates, which exhibit only a partial resorption following the same operation. Journal Article Mou, Y. P.;Risch, J. P.;Lue, K. Y. 1983 Rhacophorus prasinatus, a new tree frog from Taiwan, China (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae) Alytes 2 4 154-162 new species, morphology, sexual dimorphism Journal Article Mou, Y.-P.;Risch, J.-P.;Lue, K. Y. 1983 Rhacophorus prasinatus, a new tree frog from Taiwan, China (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae) Alytes 2 4 154-162 amphibians, frogs, species description, Journal Article Mou, Yung-Ping;Risch, Jean-Paul;Lue, Kuang Yang 1983 Rhacophorus prasinatus, A new tree frog from Taiwan, China (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae) Alytes 2 4 154-162 viridis owstonisp. nov. new species taipeianus moltrechti Journal Article Mould, E. D.;Sever., D. M. 1984 Body size and lipid content of Ambystoma tigrinum during larval ontogeny Herpetologica 40 176-181 Journal Article Mount, R. H. 1981 The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), as a possible serious predator on some native southeastern vertebrates: direct observations and subjective impressions Journal of Alabama Academy Sciences 52 2 71-78 reptiles, Journal Article Mount, R. H.;Trauth, S. E.;Mason, W. H. 1981 Predation by the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on eggs of the lizard Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Squamata: Teiidae) Journal of Alabama Academy Sciences 52 2 66-70 reptiles, lizards, Journal Article Moutou, François 1984 Cuisses de grenouilles: l'aspect hygienique. [Frog legs: sanitary implications Alytes 3 2 49-55 Journal Article Mrosovsky, N. 1980 Thermal biology of sea turtles American Zoologist 20 531-547 sex ratio; thermal biology; tsd Journal Article Mrosovsky, N.;Yntema, C.L. 1980 Temperature dependence of sexual differentiation in sea turtles: implications for conservation practices Biological Conservation 18 271-180 tsd; sex ratio; turtles; conservation; lab studies Journal Article Mrosovsky, N. 1982 Sex ratio bias in hatchling sea turtles from artificially incubated eggs Biological Conservation 23 309-314 green; sex ratio; conservation Book Mrosovsky, N. 1983 Conserving Sea Turtles London British Herpetological Society viii + 176 Journal Article Mrosovsky, N. 1983 Ecology and nest-site selection of leatherback turtles Biological Conservation 26 47-56 leatherback; conservation Journal Article Mrosovsky, N.;Hopkins-Murphy, S. R.;Richardson, J. I. 1984 Sex ratio of sea turtles: seasonal changes Science 225 739-740 reptiles, Caretta, South Carolina, Georgia, demography, conservation Journal Article Mrosovsky, N.;Dutton, P.H.;Whitmore, C.P. 1984 Sex ratios of two species of sea turtle nesting in Suriname Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 11 2227-2239 leatherback; green; sex ratio; Suriname Journal Article Mrosovsky, N.;Hopkins-Murphy, S. R.;Richardson, J.I. 1984 Sex ratio of sea turtles: seasonal changes Science 225 739-741 sex ratio; loggerhead Journal Article Mudde, P. M. 1980 Basiliscus vittatus in een terrarium Lacerta 38 7 66-68 Journal Article Mudry, K. M.;Capranica., R. R. 1980 Evoked auditory activity within the telencephalon of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) Brain Research 182 303-311 Journal Article Mukherji, Aparna 1983 Mythological snakes Hamadryad 8 2 9-10 Journal Article Mukherji, Revati 1984 Irula snake-catchers co-operative Hamadryad 9 1 21 Journal Article Mulder, John B;J, Hauser Jeanie; 1984 A device for anesthesia and restraint of snakes. Vet.Med.Small.Anim.Clin 79 7 936-937 Journal Article Mullen, G. R.;Trauth, S. E.;Sellars, J. C. 1984 Association of a miltogrammine fly, Eumacronychia nigricornis Allen (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with the brood burrows of Sceloporus undulatus (Latrielle)(Reptilia: Lacertillia) J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 19 1 1-6 insects, reptiles, reproduction, predation, eggs, parasitism Book Section Muneoka, Ken;Bryant, Susan 1984 Regeneration and development of vertebrate appendages Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 177-196 Journal Article Munger, James C. 1984 Optimal foraging? Patch use by horned lizards (Iguanidae: Phrynosoma) American Naturalist 123 5 654-680 Journal Article Munger, James C. 1984 Long-term yeild from harvester ant colonies: implications for horned lizard foraging strategy Ecology 65 4 1077-1086 Journal Article Murphy, R. W.;Ottley, J. R. 1980 A genetic evaluation of the leafnose snake, Phyllorhynchus arenicolus Journal of Herpetology 14 3 263-268 reptiles, snakes, Mexico, electrophoresis, distance Edited Book Murphy, James B.;Collins, Joseph T. 1980 Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Athens, OH SSAR x + 277 Edited Book Murphy, J.B. and Collins, J.T. 1980 Reproductive biology and diseases of captive reptiles Lawrence, Kansas No. 1 captive breeding, disease, reproduction Journal Article Murphy, James B.;Barker, David G. 1980 Courtship and copulation of the Otooman viper (Vipera xanthina) with special reference to use of the hemipenes Herpetologica 36 2 165-170 Journal Article Murphy, Robert W.;Papenfuss, Theodore J. 1980 Biochemical variation of Phyllodactylus unctus and P. paucituberculatus Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 8 97-100 Journal Article Murphy, Robert W.;Ottley, John R. 1980 A Genetic Evaluation of the Leafnose Snake, Phyllorhyncus arenicolus Journal of Herpetology 14 3 263-268 chromosomes Journal Article Murphy, P.A. 1981 Celestial compass orientation in juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Copeia 1981 3 638-645 AM, movement, behavior, sense, Journal Article Murphy, T. M. 1981 The population status of the american alligator on the Savannah River Plant, South Carolina Savannah River National Environmental National Environmental Research Park SRO-NERP-4 1-20 Savannah River Site, SREL, NERP Journal Article Murphy, M. L.;Hall., J. D. 1981 Varied effects of clear-cut logging on predators and their habitat in small streams of the Cascade Mountains, Oregon. Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38 137-145 Journal Article Murphy, R. W. 1982 The genetic relationships and biogeography of the Baja California herpetofauna Dissertation Abstracts International 43 4 Journal Article Murphy, R. W. 1983 Paleobiology and genetic differentiation of the Baja California herpetofauna Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 137 1-21 fossils, paleogeography, divergence, peninsula, Journal Article Murphy, Robert W. 1983 Paleobiology and genetic differentiation of the Baja California Herpetofauna Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 137 iv + 1-48 Baja California Journal Article Murphy, J.;B;and, J.;T.;Collins 1983 A review of the diseases and treatments of captive turtles Ams Publishing testu,vet,bakt,virus,proto,paras,vit WI x Journal Article Murphy, T.;Wilkinson, P.;Coker, J.;Hudson, M. 1983 The alligator trip snare: a live capture method South Carolina Wildlife & Marine Resources Department AM, techniques, SC Journal Article Murphy, R. W.;Ottley, J. R. 1984 Distribution of amphibians and reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California Annals of Carnegie Museum 53 8 207-230 range, taxonomy Journal Article Murphy, James B.;Mitchell, Lyndon A. 1984 Miscellaneous notes on the reproductive biology of reptiles. 6. Thirteen varieties of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Crotalidae) Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 199-214 Journal Article Murphy, Robert W.;Ottley, John R. 1984 Distribution of amphibians and reptiles on Islands in the Gulf of California Annals of Carnegie Museum 53 8 207-230 Gulf of California; Mexico; Distribution Journal Article Murphy, R. W.;McCollum, F. C.;Gorman, G. C.;Thomas, R. 1984 Genetics of hybridizing populations of Puerto Rican Sphaerodactylus Journal of Herpetology 18 2 93-105 genetics, hybridization, geckos Journal Article Mushinsky, H. R.;Hebrard, J. J.;Vodopich, D. S. 1982 Ontogeny of water snake foraging ecology Ecology 63 6 1624-1629 reptiles, predator-prey interactions, sexual dimorphism, Journal Article Musters, C. J. M. 1983 Taxonomy of the genus Draco L. (Agamidae, Lacertilia, Reptilia) Zoologische Verhandelingen 199 1-120 + 4 plates (3 in color) Key; Draco; taxonomy; Phylogeny; Zoogeography Journal Article Myers, Charles W.;Daly, John W. 1980 Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes, a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins American Museum Novitates 2692 1-23 Dendrobates bombetes Journal Article Myers, Charles, W.;Daly, John W. 1980 Taxonomy and ecology of Dendrobates bombetes a new Andean poison frog with new skin toxins American Museum Novitates 2692 23 amphibia, anura, Dendrobates, dart-poison, Andean, South American herps, Myers Journal Article Myers, Charles W.;Campbell, Jonathan A. 1981 A new genus and species of colubrid snake from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, Mexico American Museum Novitates 2708 1-20 rhadinophanes monticola rhadinaea coniophanes tantalophis Journal Article Myers, C. W. 1982 Blunt-headed vine snakes (Imatodes) in Panama, including a new species and other revisionary notes Novitates, American Museum of Natural History 2738 June 30 1-50 reptiles, new species, phantasma, description, distribution, habitat, behavior, morphology, comparative Journal Article Myers, C. W. 1982 Spotted poison frogs: Descriptions of three new Dendrobates from western Amazonia, and resurrection of a lost species from "Chiriqui" Novitates, American Museum of Natural History 2721 January 27 1-23 new species, Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobates maculatus, auratus, vanzolinii, captivus, mysteriosus, descriptions, morphology, sympatry, Dendrobatidae Journal Article Myers, C. W.;Duellman, W. E. 1982 A new species of Hyla from Cerro Colorado, and other tree frog records and geographical notes from western Panama American Museum Novitates 2752 1-32 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, color, tadpoles, relationships Journal Article Myers, Charles W. 1982 Blunt-headed vine snakes (Imantodes) in Panama, Including a new species and other revisionary notes American Museum Novitates 2738 1-50 Imantodes Journal Article Myers, Charles W. 1982 Spotted poison frogs: Descriptions of three new Dendrobates from western Amazonia, and resurrection of a lost species from "Chiriqui" American Museum Novitates 2721 1-23 Dendrobates Journal Article Myers, Charles, W. 1982 Spotted poison frogs: Description of Three new Dendrobates from Western Amazonia, and resurrection of a lost species from "Chiriqui". American Museum Novitates 2721 23 amphibia, anura, Dendrobates, dart-poison, Myers Journal Article Myers, Charles W.;Daly, John W. 1983 Dart-poison frogs Scientific American 248 2 120-133 dendrobates pumilo Journal Article Myers, Charles, W.;Daly, John W. 1983 Dart-Poison Frogs Scientific American 248 120-133 Amphibia, Anura, Frog, Dendrobates, Dart-Poison arrow, Phyllobates, South American Herps, Columbia Journal Article Myers, C. W.;Daly, J. W.;Martinez, V. 1984 An arboreal poison frog (Dendrobates) from western Panama Novitates, American Museum of Natural History 2783 April 26 1-20 Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobates arboreus, description, morphology, tadpole, alkaloids, toxicity, distribution, vocalization, calling, systematics Journal Article Myers, Charles W. 1984 An arboreal poison frog (Dendrobates) from Western Panama American Museum Novitates 2783 1-20 Dendrobates Journal Article Myers, Charles W. 1984 Subcircular pupil shape in the snake Tantalophis (Colubridae) Copeia 1984 1 215-216 Journal Article Myers, Charles, W.;Daly, John W.;Martinez, Victor 1984 An Arboreal Poison Frog (Dendrobates) From Western Panama American Museum Novitates 2783 1-20 amphibia, anura, Dendrobates, dart-poison, Panama, Central American herps, Myers Journal Article Nagai, C. 1984 [An anatomical study of the teeth of Varanus gouldii] Shigaku 71 6 917-30 Book Section Nagy, Kenneth A. 1982 Field studies of water relations Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 483-501 Book Section Nagy, Kenneth A. 1982 Energy requirements of free-living iguanid lizards Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 49-59 Book Section Nagy, K. A. 1983 Ecological energetics Huey, R. B. and Pianka, E. R. and Schoener, T. W. Lizard Ecology: Studies of a model organism Cambridge, Mass Harvard Univ. Press 24-54 lizards, reptiles, metabolism, Journal Article Nagy, K. A.;Shoemaker, V. H. 1984 Field energetics and food consumption of the Galapagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus Physiological Zoology 57 3 281-290 reptiles, lizards, metabolism, doubly labled water, energy, foraging Journal Article Nagy, Kenneth A.;Huey, Raymond B.;Bennett, Albert F. 1984 Field energetics and foraging mode of Kalahari lacertid lizards Ecology 65 2 588-596 activity cost cost benefit analysis doubly labeled water eremias field metabolic rate desert production Journal Article Naito, I. 1984 The development of glomerular capillary tufts of the bullfrog kidney from a straight interstitial vessel to an anastomosed capillary network. A scanning electron microscopic study of vascular casts. Arch. Histol. Japonica 47 441-456 Journal Article Nakata, K.;Sokabe, M.;Suzuki., R. 1982 A model for the crowding effect in the growth of tadpoles Biol. Cybern. 42 169-176 Journal Article Nakatsuji, N.;Gould, A. C.;Johnson, K. E. 1982 Movement and guidance of migrating mesodermal cells in Ambystoma maculatum gastrulae J Cell Sci 56 207-22 Ambystoma/*embryology; Animal; *Cell Movement; Ectoderm/cytology; Extracellular Space/*physiology; Gastrula/cytology; Mesoderm/*physiology; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Morphogenesis; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. A scanning electron microscopic study in early gastrulae of Ambystoma maculatum showed that migrating presumptive mesodermal cells were strongly oriented toward the animal pole. They had lamellipodia and filopodia at their leading edges, and rounded or tapering, tail-like, trailing edges. Of the cells whose polarization could be determined unequivocally, 81% appeared to be directed in a quadrant toward the animal pole, and 93% were directed to some extent away from the blastopore. This strong orientation suggests that specific mechanisms direct cell movement, in addition to the non-specific dispersive mechanism of the contact inhibition of cell movement. There is a network of fine extracellular fibrils that covers the inner surface of the ectodermal layer. Filopodia of the migrating cells frequently attach to and appear to follow the fibrils, suggesting that the fibrils serve as a guiding substratum for cell attachment and movement. There are areas where the fibrils are apparently aligned along the blastopore- animal pole axis, and a preliminary statistical analysis using micrographs at high magnification showed a significant alignment parallel to the blastopore-animal pole axis. This fibril alignment could cause the strong orientation of the mesodermal cells by means of contact guidance. Journal Article Nakatsuji, N.;Johnson, K. E. 1983 Comparative study of extracellular fibrils on the ectodermal layer in gastrulae of five amphibian species J Cell Sci 59 61-70 Ambystoma; Animal; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure; Cell Movement; Comparative Study; Ectoderm/*ultrastructure; Gastrula/*ultrastructure; Mesoderm/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Rana pipiens; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela; Xenopus laevis Previous studies have shown the presence of a network of extracellular fibrils on the inner surface of the ectodermal layer of the Ambystoma maculatum gastrulae. The alignment of the network along the blastopore- animal pole axis has suggested that the network of fibrils guides the migrating mesodermal cells in gastrulae by contact guidance. We have also shown that these fibrils can be deposited on substrata by explanted embryonic fragments and that substrata conditioned in this manner support directed cell migration. In this study, we found that the appearance of the fibrils in the embryos coincides with the start of cell migration towards the animal pole. Gastrulae of three urodele species examined (A. maculatum, A. mexicanum and Cynops pyrrhogaster) have similar dense networks of fibrils. Xenopus laevis gastrulae also have similar fibrils but fewer fibrils compared to urodele embryos. Rana pipiens gastrulae have very few extracellular fibrils. The scarcity of the fibrils in anuran species may be related to the differences in arrangement of mesodermal cells during migration. Journal Article Nakatsuji, N.;Johnson, K. E. 1983 Conditioning of a culture substratum by the ectodermal layer promotes attachment and oriented locomotion by amphibian gastrula mesodermal cells J Cell Sci 59 43-60 Ambystoma; Animal; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Ectoderm/*ultrastructure; Gastrula/*ultrastructure; Mesoderm/*ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Xenopus laevis We have found that ectodermal fragments of Ambystoma maculatum gastrulae deposit immense numbers of 0.1 micron diameter extracellular fibrils on plastic coverslips. When migrating mesodermal cells from A. maculatum gastrulae are seeded on such conditioned plastic substrata, they attach and begin migrating after 15-30 min in vitro. We did a detailed analysis of the relationship between fibril orientation and cell migration using time-lapse cinemicrography, scanning electron microscopy, and a microcomputer with a graphics tablet and morphometric program. We found that cells move in directions closely related to the orientation of fibrils. Usually fibrils are oriented in dense arrays with a predominance of fibrils running parallel to the blastopore- animal pole axis of the explant, and cells move preferentially along lines parallel to the blastopore-animal pole axis. When fibrils are unaligned, cells move at random. We have also shown that cells move with a slightly stronger tendency towards the animal pole direction. These results are discussed concerning the mechanism of specific cell migration during amphibian gastrulation. Journal Article Narins, P. M. 1982 Effects of masking noise on evoked calling in the Puerto Rican coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Journal of Comparative Physiology B 147 439-446 ampibians, vocal, sound Journal Article Narins, P. M.;Hurley, D. D. 1982 The relationship between call intensity and function in the Puerto Rican coqui (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Herpetologica 38 2 287-295 amphibians, calls, vocal, sound, radiation pattern Journal Article Narins, P. M. 1982 Behavioral refractory period in neotropical treefrogs Journal of Comparative Physiology B 148 337-344 amphibians, sound, vocal Journal Article Narins, P., M. 1983 Synchronous vocal response mediated by the amphibian papilla in a neotropical treefrog: Behavioral evidence Journal of Experimental Biology 105 95-105 auditory system Eleutherodactylus coqui acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, calls-timing, Leptodactylidae, neuroethology, playback, sexual selection, Journal Article Natarajan, K.;Muthukkaruppan, V.R. 1984 Immunoglobulin classes in the garden lizard, Calotes versicolor Devel. Comp. Immunol. 8 845-854 Reptilia, sauria, garden lizard, Calotes versicolor, physiology, immunology, immunoglobulin Journal Article Nation, J. L. 1983 A new method using hexamethyldisilazane for preparation of soft insect tissues for scanning electron microscopy Stain Tech. 58 347-351 Book National Research Council 1983 (1985) Managing Tropical Animal Resources: Crocodiles as a Resource for the Tropics Washinton, DC National Academy Press x, 59 Journal Article Naulleau, G. 1980 Les lézards de France Revue Française d'Aquariologie 7 3 65-96 Journal Article Naulleau, G.;Saint-Girons, H. 1981 Poids des nouveau-nes et reproduction de Vipera aspis (Reptilia: Viperidae), dans des conditions naturalles at artificielles Amphibia-Reptilia 41 1-12 reptiles, Book Section Naulleau, Guy 1983 Teratologie chez Natrix natrix et Vipera aspis Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 245-249 Journal Article Naulleau, Guy 1983 The effects of temperature on digestion in Vipera aspis Journal of Herpetology 17 2 166-170 dependency, temperature, feeding, vipers Journal Article Naulleau, Guy;Detrait, Jacques 1984 Incidence de l'elevage en captivite sur la fonction venimeuse chez Vipera aspis et Vipera ammodytes Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 219-236 Journal Article Naulleau, G. 1984 Les Serpents de France Revue Française d'Aquariologie 11 3/4 1-56 Journal Article Naylor, B. G.;Nussbaum, R. A. 1980 The trunk musculature of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Journal of Morphology 166 259-273 amphibians, muscles, comparative, Journal Article Neary, T. J.;Northcutt., R. G. 1983 Nuclear organization of the bullfrog diencephalon Journal of Comparative Neurology 213 262-278 Journal Article Neck, R. W. 1980 Geographic distribution. Caudata. Ambystoma texanum Herpetological Review 11 2 36 Book Section Needham, J. R. 1983 The laboratory diagnosis of baterial disease in reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 41-43 Journal Article Nei, Masatoshi;Tajima, Fumio;Tateno, Yoshio 1983 Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. II. Gene frequency data J. Mol. Evol. 19 153-170 Journal Article Neufeld, D. A. 1982 Formation of prechondrogenic mesenchymal cell aggregates in the regenerating newt limb Dev Biol 93 1 36-42 Animal; Cell Aggregation; Cell Count; Forelimb/cytology/*physiology; Mesoderm/*cytology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Nevo, E.;Yang, S. Y. 1982 Genetic diversity and ecological relationships of marsh frog populations in Israel Theoretical Applied Genetics 63 319-330 Amphibia, Anura, Systematics, evolution, population genetics, statistics, genetic variation, Israel Journal Article NEWCOME, C.E.;ANVER, M.R.;SIMMONS, J.L.;WILCKE, B.W.;NACE, G.W. 1982 Spontaneous and experimental infections of Xenopus laevis with Chlamydia psittaci. Lab. Anim. Sci. 32 680-687 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, infection, bacteria, Chlamydia psittaci Edited Book Newman, D. G. 1980 New Zealand Herpetology Wellington New Zealand Wildlife Service 2 495 Journal Article Newman, Eric A. 1982 The infrared "vision" of snakes Scientific American 246 3 116-127 heat sensing pits loreal pits Journal Article Newman, D. B.;Cruce, W. L. 1982 The organization of the reptilian formation: a comparative study using Nissl and Golgi techniques J Morphol 173 3 325-49 Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology; Anatomy, Comparative; Animal; Brain Stem/*anatomy & histology; Comparative Study; Dendrites/ultrastructure; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure; Lizards/anatomy & histology; Neurons/ultrastructure; Nissl Bodies/ultrastructure; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology; Reticular Formation/*anatomy & histology/cytology; Snakes/anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turtles/anatomy & histology The brainstem reticular formation has been studied in 16 genera representing 11 families of reptiles. Measurements of Nissl-stained reticular neurons revealed that they are distributed along a continuum, ranging in length from 10 micrometer to 95 micrometer. Reticular neurons in crocodilians and snakes tend to be larger than those found in lizards and turtles. Golgi studies revealed that reticular neurons possess long, rectilinear, sparsely branching dendrites. Small reticular neurons (less than 31 micrometers length) possess fusiform or triangular somata which bear two or three primary dendrites. These dendrites have a somewhat simpler ramification pattern when compared with those of large reticular neurons ( greater than 30 micrometers length). Large reticular neurons generally possess perikarya which are triangular or polygonal in shape. The somata of large reticular neurons bear an average of four primary dendrites. The dendrites of reptilian reticular neurons ramify predominantly in the transverse plane and are devoid of spines or excrescences. The dendritic ramification patterns observed in the various repitilian reticular nuclei were correlated with known input and output connections of these nuclei. Nissl and golgi techniques were used to divide the reticular formation into seven nuclei. A nucleus reticularis inferior (RI) is found in the myelencephalon, a reticularis medius (RM) in the caudal two-thirds of the metencephalon, and a reticularis superior (RS) in the rostral metencephalon and caudal mesencephalon. Reticularis inferior can be subdivided into a dorsal portion (RID) and a ventral portion (RIV). All reptilian groups possess RID and RM but RIV is lacking in turtles. Reticularis superior can be subdivided into a large-celled lateral portion (RSL) and a small-celled medial portion (RSM). All reptilian groups possess RSM and RSL, but RSL is quite variable in appearance, being best developed in snakes and crocodilians. The myelencephalic raphe nucleus is also quite variable in its morphology among the different reptilian families. A seventh reticular nucleus, reticularis ventrolateralis (RVL), is found only in snakes and in teiid lizards. It was noted that the reticular formation is simpler (fewer numbers of nuclei) in the representative of older reptilian lineages and more complex (greater numbers of nuclei) in the more modern lineages. Certain reticular nuclei are present or more extensive in those families which have prominent axial musculature. Journal Article Newman, D. B.;Cruce, W. L.;Bruce, L. L. 1983 The sources of supraspinal afferents to the spinal cord in a variety of limbed reptiles I Reticulospinal systems J Comp Neurol 215 1 17-32 Afferent Pathways/anatomy & histology; Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Brain Stem/*anatomy & histology; Dendrites/ultrastructure; Dominance, Cerebral/physiology; Lizards; Locus Coeruleus/anatomy & histology; Neurons/ultrastructure; Raphe Nuclei/anatomy & histology; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology; Reticular Formation/*anatomy & histology; Spinal Cord/*anatomy & histology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Trigeminal Nuclei/anatomy & histology; Turtles Horseradish peroxidase was injected into various levels of the spinal cord of turtles (Pseudemys and Chrysemys), lizards (Tupinambis, Iquana, Gekko, Sauromelus, and Gerrhonotus), and a crocodilian (Caiman). The results suggest that brainstem reticulospinal projections in limbed reptiles rival mammalian reticulospinal systems in complexity. The reptilian myelencephalic reticular formation can be divided into four distinct reticulospinal nuclei. Reticularis inferior pars dorsalis (RID) contains multipolar neurons which project bilaterally to the spinal cord. Reticularis inferior pars ventralis (RIV), which is only found in lizards and crocodilians, contains fusiform neurons with horizontally running dendrites and it projects ipsilaterally to the spinal cord. Reticularis ventrolateralis (RVL), which is found only in field lizards, contains triangular neurons whose dendrites parallel the ventrolateral edge of the brainstem and it projects ipsilaterally to the spinal cord. The myelencephalic raphe (RaI) varies considerably. RaI of turtles contains large reticulospinal neurons which form a continuous population with more laterally situated RID cells. RaI of lizards contains a few small reticulospinal neurons. RaI of the crocodilian Caiman contains giant reticulospinal neurons with laterally directed dendrites. The caudal metencephalic reticular formation of reptiles can be divided into two distinct reticulospinal nuclei. Reticularis medius (RM) contains large neurons with long, ventrally directed dendrites; it projects ipsilaterally to the spinal cord. Reticularis medius pars lateralis (RML) contains small neurons with laterally directed dendrites; it projects contralaterally to the spinal cord. The rostral mesencephalic and caudal mesencephalic reticular formation of reptiles can be divided into three distinct reticulospinal nuclei. Reticularis superior pars medialis (RSM) consists mostly of small, spindle-shaped neurons which project bilaterally to the spinal cord. In the lizard Tupinambis, however, large multipolar, ipsilaterally projecting neurons are occasionally seen in RSM. Reticularis superior pars lateralis (RSL) contains large, ipsilaterally projecting neurons with long, ventrolaterally directed dendrites. SRL in lizards can be divided into a dorsomedial portion, which projects ipsilaterally to the spinal cord, and a ventrolateral portion which projects contralaterally. The locus ceruleus-subceruleus field (LC-SC) contains small spindle-shaped neurons which project bilaterally to the spinal cord. Labelled reticulospinal neurons were also observed in the rostral metencephalic raphe (RaS) of the turtle brainstem. These cells are small, spindle-shaped neurons which resemble the small cells of the adjacent RSM field. Journal Article Nichols, James D.;Chabreck, Robert H. 1980 On variability of alligator sex ratios American Naturalist 116 1 125-137 Journal Article Nichols, J.D.;Chabreck, R.H 1980 On the variability of alligator sex ratios Am. Nat. 116 1 125-137 AM, genetics, demography, reproduction, age, size, management, LA Journal Article Nicholson, Lori;Westermeier, John F.;O'Farrell, Michael J. 1980 Tortoise populations on the second community of California City Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 165-173 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Nicholson, Lori 1980 Field trip: Chuckwalla Bench, Riverside County, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 10-11 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Nicholson, Lori;O'Farrell, Michael J.;Westermeier, John F. 1980 Impact of military activities on the desert tortoise at the Mojave "B" ranges Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 109-116 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Nicholson, Lori;Humphreys, Ken 1981 Sheep grazing at the Kramer study plot, San Bernardino County, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 163-194 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Nickerson, M. A. 1980 Return of captive Ozark hellbenders, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi, to site of capture. Copeia 1980 536-537 Journal Article Nicol, E. B. 1984 Parasites in Cuora galbinifrons and Cyclemys mouhoti Notes from Noah 12 3 5-7 testu,zucht,vet,paras,proto Wunsch x Journal Article Nicol, E. B. 1984 Parasites in Cuora albinifrons and Cyclemys mouhoti Notes from Noah 12 3 5-7 testu,zucht,vet,paras,proto Wunsch x Journal Article Nietfeldt, Joseph W.;Jones, Steven M.;Droge, Dale L. 1980 Rate of Thermal Acclimation in larval Ambystoma tigrinum Journal of Herpetology 14 3 209-212 Thermoregulatory behavior Journal Article Nietfeldt, J. W.;S. M. Jones, D. L. Droge;Ballinger., R. E. 1980 Rate of thermal acclimation in larval Ambystoma tigrinum Journal of Herpetology 14 209-211 Journal Article Nietschmann, B. 1981 Following the underwater trail of a vanishing species - the hawksbill turtle National Geographic Society Research Reports 13 459-480 hawksbill; conservation Journal Article Nietzke, G. 1984 Fortpflanzung und Zucht der Terrarientiere Landbuch Verlag testu,echsen,serp,lurch,zucht,vet,vit,oeko,repro PF x Journal Article Nikundiwe, A. M.;Nieuwenhuys., R. 1983 The cell masses in the brainstem of the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis: a topographical and topological analysis Journal of Comparative Neurology 213 199-219 Journal Article Nilson, G. 1981 Ovarian cycle and reproductive dynamics in the female adder, Vipera berus (Reptilia, Viperidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2 63-82 Reptiles, snakes, reproduction, lipids, clutch, eggs, follicles, Journal Article Nilson, Göran;Andrén, Claes 1981 The Moor frog, Rana arvalis Nilsson (Amphibia: Ranidae) on the Baltic Island Gotland, a case of microevolution Amphibia-Reptilia 1 3/4 347-351 Journal Article Nilson, G.;Andren, C. 1982 Function of renal sex secretion and male hierarchy in the adder, Vipera berus during reproduction Hormones and Behavior 16 404-413 reptiles, snakes, reproduction, hormones Journal Article Nilson, Göran;Andrén, Claes 1984 A taxonomic account of the Iranian ratsnakes of the Elaphe longissima species-group Amphibia-Reptilia 5 157-171 hohenackeri persica Journal Article Nilson, Göran;Andrén, Claes 1984 Systematics of the Vipera xanthina complex (Reptilia: viperidae) II. An overlooked viper within the xanthina species-group in Iran Bonn. zool. Beitr. 35 1-3 175-184 Vipera wagneri sp. nov. Journal Article Nishioka, M.;Ohtani, H.;Sumida, M. 1980 Detection of chromosomes bearing the loci for seven kinds of proteins in Japanese pond frogs Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 4 127-184 Journal Article Nishioka, M.;Ueda, H.;Sumida, M. 1981 Genetic variation of five enzymes in Japanese pond frogs Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 107-153 Journal Article Nishioka, M.;Okumoto, H.;Kondo, Y. 1981 Effects of ultraviolet rays on the sperm of Rana japonica I. Production of gynogenetic haploids Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 47-67 Journal Article Nishioka, M.;Tanaka, K. 1981 Effects of ultraviolet rays on the sperm of Rana japonica II. Chromosome aberrations induced by UV-irradiation Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 69-87 Journal Article Nishioka, M.;Ueda, H.;Sumida, M. 1981 Enzymes of Rana nigromaculata, Rana brevipoda, reciprocal hybrids and auto- and allotriploids Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 89-105 Journal Article Noland, R.;Ultsch, G. R. 1981 The roles of temperature and dissolved oxygen in microhabitat selection by the tadpoles of a frog (Rana pipiens) and a toad (Bufo terrestrias) Copeia 3 645-652 Amphibia, Anura, larvae, Ranidae, Bufonidae Journal Article Noland, R.;Ultsch., G. R. 1981 The roles of temperature and dissolved oxygen in microhabitat selection by the tadpoles of a frog (Rana pipiens) and a toad (Bufo terrestris) Copeia 1981 645-652 Journal Article Nordlander, R. H.;Singer, J. F.;Singer., M. 1981 An ultrastructural examination of early ventral root formation in Amphibia Journal of Comparative Neurology 199 535-551 Journal Article Nordlander, R. H.;Singer., M. 1982 Spaces precede axons in Xenopus embryonic spinal cord Exp. Neurol. 75 221-228 Journal Article Nordlander, R. H.;Singer., M. 1982 Morphology and position of growth cones in the developing Xenopus spinal cord Develop. Brain. Res. 4 181-193 Journal Article Nordlander, R. H. 1984 Developing descending neurons of the early Xenopus tail spinal cord in the caudal spinal cord of early Xenopus Journal of Comparative Neurology 228 117-128 Book Section Norman, David B. 1984 On the cranial morphology and evolution of ornithopod dinosaurs Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 521-547 Journal Article Norman, Richard A.;Perlman, Ido;Kolb, Helga;Daly, Scott J. 1984 Direct excitatory interactions between cones of different spectral types in the turtle retina Science 224 625-627 Journal Article Norris, D. O.;Duvall, D. 1981 Hormone-induced ovulation in Ambystoma tigrinum: influence of prolactin and thyroxine J Exp Zool 216 1 175-80 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Female; Gonadotropins, Chorionic/metabolism; Hypophysectomy; In Vitro; LH/metabolism; Oocytes/drug effects; Ovary/*drug effects/metabolism; Ovulation/*drug effects; Prolactin/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Thyroxine/pharmacology; Tissue Culture Treatment of hypophysectomized or intact neotenic tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum) with ovine prolactin (PRL) increased sensitivity of the ovary to the ovulation-inducing hormones, human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone (LH). Effects of pretreatment in vivo with PRL or thyroxine (T4) on the responsiveness of ovarian fragments in vitro to ovulation-inducing agents, LH, or progesterone (PROG) in the presence or absence of PRL were observed. In November (prior to normal spawning occurring from January through May) in vivo and in vitro treatment with PRL increased the number of oocytes producing polar bodies and the number of eggs ovulated in vitro. In April addition of PRL in vitro increased polar body formation and ovulations in response to LH or PROG, but in vivo pretreatment with PRL had no effect. Pretreatment in vivo with T4 blocked the in vitro enhancement observed with PRL. Thus, endogenous PRL may play a role in the development of ovarian sensitivity to ovulatory hormones at the level of the oocyte, and T4 may inhibit this action. Journal Article Norris, D. O.;Gern, W. A.;Greendale, K. 1981 Diurnal and seasonal variations in thyroid function of neotenic tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) Gen Comp Endocrinol 45 1 134-7 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; *Circadian Rhythm/drug effects; Female; Male; *Periodicity/drug effects; Seasons; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thyroid Gland/drug effects/*physiology; Thyrotropin/pharmacology; Thyroxine/blood; Triiodothyronine/blood Journal Article Northcutt, R. G. 1981 Evolution of the telencephalon in nonmammals Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4 301-350 Journal Article Nouira, S.;Mou, Y.-P. 1982 Regime alimentaire d'un Lacertidae Eremias olivieri (Audouin) des iles Kerkennah en Tunisie Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie) 36 621-631 reptiles, lizards, environment, Journal Article Nouira, S.;Maury, M. E.;Castanet, J.;Barbault, R. 1982 Determination squelettochronologique de l'Age dans une population de Cophosaurus texanus (Sauria, Iguanidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 3 213-219 reptiles, lizards, age, Mexico, skeletal, clutch, reproduction Journal Article Nowicki, Stephen;Aneshansley, Daniel J.;Eisner, Thomas 1983 Predatory capture of toads by fly larvae Science 222 515-516 Amphibia, anura, Scaphiopus multiplicatus, Spea multiplicatus, Tabanus punctifer, horsefly, feeding habits, Book Nöllert, Andreas 1984 Die Knoblauchkröte, Pelobates fuscus Wittenberg A. Ziemsen 103 Journal Article Nuitja, I.N.S.;Lazell, J.D. 1982 Marine turtle nesting in Indonesia Copeia 1982 3 708-710 leatherback; green; hawksbill Journal Article Nunes, V. S. 1984 Ciclo de actividade e utilização do habitat por Gonatodes humeralis (Sauria, Gekkonidae) em Manaus, Amazonas Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 35 13 147-152 reptiles, activity, lizards, habitat, cycle, Brazil, tropical Journal Article Nunez, H.;Yanez, J. L. 1984 Colas de largartijas de genero Liolaemus: autotomia e influencia en la predacion Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 19 1 1-8 Reptiles, lizards, caudal autotomy, predation, tail loss, regeneration, Chile Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1980 Phylogenetic implications of amplectic behavior in sooglossid frogs Herpetologica 36 1 1-5 amphibians, relationships, seychelles Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1980 Cytotaxonomy of the Seychelles tree frog, Megalixalus seychellensis (Dumeril and Bibron)(Amphibia: Hyperoliidae) Experientia 36 400-401 chromosomes, amphibians, Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1980 The Brahminy blind snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus) in the Seychelles archipelago: distribution, variation, and further evidence for parthenogenesis Herpetologica 36 3 215-221 reptiles, reproduction, insular, Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A. 1980 Cytotaxonomy of the Seychelles tree frog, Megalixalus seychellensis (Duméril and Bibron) (Amphibia: Hyperoliidae) Experientia 36 400-401 Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A.;Treisman, G. 1981 Cytotaxonomy of Ichthyophis glutinosus and I. kohtaoensis, two primitive caecilians from southeast Asia Journal of Herpetology 15 1 109-113 amphibians, relationships, chromosomes Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1981 Scolecomorphus lamottei, a new caecilian from west Africa (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Scolecomorphidae) Copeia 1981 2 265-269 amphibians, species description, morphology, dentition Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1981 Seasonal shifts in clutch size and egg size in the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana Baird and Girard Oecologia (Berl.) 49 8-13 reptiles, lizards, cycle, reproduction, variation, Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1981 Taricha torosa Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 273 1-4 Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1981 Taricha granulosa Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 272 1-4 Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1981 Taricha Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 271 1-2 Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A.;Naylor, B. G. 1982 Variation in the trunk musculature of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Journal of Zoology, London 198 383-398 muscles, morphology, comparative, vertebrae Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A.;Jaslow, A.;Watson, J. 1982 Vocalization in frogs of the family Sooglossidae Journal of Herpetology 16 3 198-204 amphibians, sound Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1982 Heterotopic bones in the hindlimb of frogs of the families pipidae, ranidae and sooglossidae Herpetologica 38 2 312-320 amphibians, skeletal, Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A. 1982 Heterotopic bones in the hindlimbs of frogs of the families Pipidae, Ranidae, and Sooglossidae Herpetologica 38 2 312-320 Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1982 Partitioning of the salamandrid genus Tylototriton Anderson (Amphibia: Caudata) with a description of a new genus Herpetologica 38 2 320-332 Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1983 The evolution of a unique dual jaw-closing mechanism in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) and its bearing on caecilian ancestry Journal of Zoology, London 199 545-554 amphibians, functional morphology, Journal Article Nussbaum, R. A. 1983 Book review: Herpetology of Africa: a checklist and bibliography of the orders amphisbaenia, sauria and serpentes Copeia 1983 2 574-575 Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A. 1983 Dicamptodon copei Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 334 1-2 Book Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr;Storm, Robert M. 1983 Amphibians & Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest Moscow University of Idaho Press 332 Book Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr;Storm, Robert M. 1983 Amphibians & Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest Moscow University of Idaho Press 332 p. Journal Article Nyazema, N. Z. 1984 Crocodile bile, a poison: myth or reality? Cent Afr J Med 30 6 102-3 *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Bile; Female; Male; *Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Papio; Poisoning/*etiology; *Reptiles; Zimbabwe Journal Article O'Connell, B.;Chiszar, D.;Smith, H. M. 1981 Effect of poststrike disturbance on strike-induced chemosensory searching in the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus v. viridis) Behavioral and neural biology 32 343-349 Journal Article O'connell, B.;Chrizar, D.;Smith, M. M. 1981 Poststrike behavior in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) feeding on fish and mice Bulletin of the Philadelphia Herpetological Society 29 2-7 behavior, cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus, feeding Journal Article O'Connell, B.;Chiszar, D.;Smith, H. M. 1982 Single vs multiple predatory strikes by prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) Bull. Mary. Herp. Soc. 18 1 1-6 Journal Article O'Connell, B., Greenlee, R.,Bacon, J.,Chiszar, D., 1982 Strike-induced chemosensory searching in old world vipers and new world pit vipers at San Diego zoo Zoo Biology 1 287-294 reptilia squamata serpentes viperidae crotalinae, Crotalus unicolor, Crotalus vegrandis, Vipera russelli, captivity, behavior, feeding behavior NOD-bestandDR Journal Article O'Connell, B.Greenlee, R.Bacon, J.Chiszar, D. 1982 Strike-induced chemosensory searching in old world vipers and new world pit vipers at San Diego zoo Zoo Biology 1 287-294 reptilia squamata serpentes viperidae crotalinae, Crotalus unicolor, Crotalus vegrandis, Vipera russelli, captivity, behavior, feeding behavior NOD-bestandDR Journal Article O'Hara, Richard K.;Blaustein, Andrew R. 1981 An investigation of sibling recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles Animal Behaviour 29 4 1121-1126 Anura, Ranidae, Rana cascadae, tadpoles, sibling recognition, kin selection, lab experiments, mixed rearing, USA, Oregon, 371 Journal Article O'Hara, R. K.;Blaustein., A. R. 1981 An investigation of sibling recognition in Rana cascadae tadpoles Animal Behaviour 29 1121-1126 Journal Article O'Hara, Richard K.;Blaustein, Andrew R. 1982 Kin preference behavior in Bufo boreas tadpoles Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 11 43-49 Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo boreas, tadpoles, sibling reconition, kin selection, interspecies interactions, learned behavior, schooling, aggregation behavior, USA, Oregon, 369 Journal Article O'Hara, R. K.;Blaustein., A. R. 1982 Kin preference behavior in Bufo boreas tadpoles Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 11 43-49 Journal Article O'Rourke K.I. e.a. 1981 Gluteraldehyde coagulation test for detection of hypogammaglobulinemia in neonatal nondomestic ruminants javma 179 no 11 1144-1146 040490 MDL DGB Zoogd div 5 Thesis Obbard, M. E. 1983 Population ecology of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, in north-central Ontario Journal Article Obradovic, J. 1983 Decalcification of the carapace in terrapins Panzererweichung bei Wasserschildkröten Datz 36 6 224-226 Reptilia, testudines, Trachemys, carapace, decalsification, osteodystrophia, ricketts, testu,vet,vit PF x Journal Article Obst, F. J. 1980 Schildkröten At Ratgeber Reihe Reptilia,testudines anatomy, systematics, propagation, technique, food, vitamin testu,zucht,syst,vit,tech WP x Book Obst, Fritz J.;Richter, Klaus;Jacob, Udo 1984 Lexikon der Terraristik und Herpetologie Leipzig Edition Leipzig 465 Journal Article Obst, F. J;Richter, K.;Jacob, U. 1984 Lexikon der Terraristik und Herpetologie Landbuch Verlag Hannover Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, nomenclature, anatomy, physiology, HANDBOOK testu,serp,echsen,kroko,lurch,zucht,tech,vit,syst WI x Journal Article Obst, F.;J;K;Richter, und U.;Jacob 1984 Lexikon der Terraristik und Herpetologie Landbuch Verlag Hannover 1984 testu,serp,echsen,kroko,lurch,zucht,tech,vit,syst WI x Book Obst, Fritz Jürgen;Richter, Klaus;Jacob, Udo 1984 Lexikon der Terraristik und Herpetologie Hannover Landbuch-Verlag 466 p. Journal Article Odavic, R.;Blom, J.;Beck, E. A.;Bucher, U. 1980 Cryoprotection of human bone marrow committed stem cells (CFU-c) by dextran, glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide Experientia 36 9 1122-4 Animal; Aromatase/metabolism; Cytochrome P-450/metabolism; Estrogens/*biosynthesis; Human; Leydig Cells/*metabolism; Male; Necturus maculosus; Steroid 17 alpha-Monooxygenase/metabolism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Testis/*metabolism/ultrastructure Dextran, glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), alone or in combination, were used for cryoprotection of human bone marrow cells. The viability of cryopreserved cells was assessed by culture of myelopoiesis-committed stem cells (CFU-c) in vitro. A significantly better protection against freezing injury was obtained by 9% dextran in combination with 3 or 5% DMSO, and also with 5 or 10% DMSO alone, than with either 15% glycerol or 9% dextran with 1% DMSO. Journal Article Odendaal, F. J.;Bull, C. M.;Nias., R. C. 1982 Habitat selection in tadpoles of Ranidella signifera and R. riparia (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Oecologia 52 411-414 Journal Article Odendaal, F. J.;Bull., C. M. 1983 Water movements, tadpole competition and limits to the distribution of the frogs Ranidella riparia and R. signifera. Oecologia 57 361-367 Journal Article Ohtani, O.;Naito., I. 1980 Renal microcirculation of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. A scanning electron microscope study of vascular casts. Arch. Histol. Japonica 43 319-330 Journal Article Okada, Y. 1984 [An anatomical study of the teeth of Varanus selebes] Shigaku 71 6 931-44 Journal Article Okumoto, H 1980 Studies on meioses in male hybrids and triploids in the Rana nigromaculata group I. Interspecific hybrids between Rana nigromaculata and Rana brevipoda Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 4 201-216 Journal Article Oldham, Jonathan C.;Smith, Hobart M. 1983 Relationships among Iguanine lizards (Sauria: Iguanidae) as suggested by appendicular myology Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 19 3 73-82 Journal Article Olioso, Georges 1983 Contribution a l'etude des amphibiens de Vancluse. [Results of a study on the amphibians of Vaucluse] Alytes 2 2 30-44 bufo calamita pelodytes punctatus rana triturus cristatus bombina variegata distribution Journal Article Onderstall, David 1984 Descriptions of two new subspecies of Afroedura pondolia (Hewitt) and a discussion of species groups within the genus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Annals of the Transvaal Museum 33 30 497-509 Afroedura pondolia haackei n. ssp.; Afroedura pondolia major n. ssp. Journal Article Ondrias, M. R.;Carson, S. D.;Wood, S. C.;Shelnutt, J. A. 1984 A resonance Raman study of Ambystoma tigrinum hemoglobins: evidence for intraspecies hemepocket variations Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 79 4 637-42 Aging; Ambystoma/*growth & development; Animal; Comparative Study; Hemoglobin A/metabolism; Hemoglobins/*metabolism; Human; Larva; Species Specificity; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Using resonance Raman difference spectroscopy, the Raman-active vibrational modes of hemoglobins from adult, neotenic, and larval forms of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum have been compared to each other and to human hemoglobin. The local heme environment of the adult and neotenic proteins were identical and differed from that of the larval protein. Differences were observed in modes sensitive to porphyrin pi electron density and axial ligation. Systematic differences were also observed between human and adult salamander hemoglobins particularly in modes sensitive to the heme vinyl environment. The relationship between these environmental differences, oxygen binding affinity, and the effects of allosteric modulators are discussed. Book Section Onions, J.T.V. 1982 Crocodile Farm Project, Edward River, Cape York, Queensland, Australia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 322-327 Journal Article Oostveen, Herman 1980 Phelsuma's: steeds kleine wonderen Lacerta 38 10-11 98-101 Journal Article Orange, P. 1983/1984 Observations on the mating of the bardick, Notechis curtas, in captivity Herpetofauna 15 1-2 24-25 Notechis curtas Journal Article Orange, P. 1984/1985 An alternative method for recording the scalation of snakes Herpetofauna 16 1-2 54-55 Journal Article Ortega, A.;Maury, E.;Barbault, R. 1982 Spatial organization and habit partitioning in a mountain lizard community of Mexico Acta OEcologica 3 3 323-330 reptiles, lizards, Sceloporus, communtiy, habitat partitioning, substrate selection, microhabitat, phylogeny, relationships, cladogram Journal Article Ortiz, J. C. 1980 Revision taxonomica del genero Tropidurus en Chile Reunion Iberoamer. Zool. Vert. 355-377 reptiles, taxonomy, relationships, species description, morphology Journal Article Ortiz, J. C. 1980 Le statut taxinomique de Lophryus araucanus Lesson, 1831 (Sauria, Iguanidae) Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris 2 2 599-601 reptiles, lizards, taxonomy Journal Article Ortiz, J. C. 1980 Estudios comparativos de algunas poblaciones de Tropidurus de la costa Chilena Anales del museo de historia natural 13 267-279 reptiles, lizards, comparative, morphometric, taxonomy Journal Article Ortiz, J. C. 1981 Estudios multivariado de las especies de Liolaemus del grupo nigromaculatus (Squamata-Iguanidae) Anales del museo de historia natural 14 247-265 reptiles, lizards, comparative, morphometric, taxonomy Journal Article Ortiz, J. C.;Guillaume, C. P. 1984 Primer estudio del polimorfismo genetico en algunas especies de Liolaemus (Squamata, Iguanidae) de Chile Reunion Iberoamer. Cons. Zool. Vert. 47-58 reptiles, genetics, polymorphism, electrophoresis Book Section Osborn, J. W. 1984 From reptile to mammal: evolutionary considerations of the dentition with emphasis on tooth attachment Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 549-574 Book Section Osorio, S.R.;Bury, R.B. 1982 Ecology and status of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) on Tiburon Island, Sonora Bury, R.B. North American tortoises: conservation and ecology Washington DC US Dept. of Interior, Fish & Wildlife Service 39-50 Journal Article Otsuka, S. 1984 [A histological study of the Varanus selebes tongue] Shigaku 71 5 805-13 Journal Article Ott, M. E.;Heisler, N.;Ultsch., G. R. 1980 A re-evaluation of the relationship between temperature and the critical oxygen tension in freshwater fishes Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 337-340 Journal Article Ottis, K.;Gerbig, T. 1982 Egg-binding in testudines,: diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis (Germ.) Legenot bei Landschildkröten: Diagnose, Therapie und Prophylaxe Tierärztl. Praxis 1982 257-260 Reptilia, testudines, egg binding, diagnosis, prevention, therapy Journal Article Ottley, J. R.;Murphy, R. W.;Smith, G. V. 1980 The taxonomic status of the rosy boa Lichanura roseofusca (Serpentes: Boidae) Great Basin Naturalist 40 1 59-62 reptiles, snakes, Journal Article Owens, D. W. 1980 The comparative reproductive physiology of sea turtles American Zoologist 20 549-563 physiology; green; olive ridley Journal Article Owens, David W.;Grassman, Mark A.;Hendrickson, John R. 1982 The imprinting hypothesis and sea turtle reproduction Herpetologica 38 1 124-135 Journal Article Pacala, S.;Roughgarden, J. 1982 Resource partitioning and interspecific competition in two-species insular Anolis lizard communities Science 217 444-446 reptiles, lizards, populations, competition, gingivinus, wattsi, Journal Article Pacala, Stephen;Roughgarden, Jonathan 1982 Resource partitioning and interspecific competition in two two-species insular Anolis communities Science 217 444-446 Journal Article Pacala, S.;Roughgarden, J. 1984 Control of arthropod abundance by Anolis lizards on St. Eustatius (Neth. Antilles) Oecologia (Berl.) 64 160-162 Reptiles, lizards, insects, feeding, Caribbean,West Indies Journal Article Packard, M. J.;Packard, G. C.;Boardman, T. J. 1980 Water balance of the eggs of a desert lizard (Callisaurus draconoides) Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 11 2051-2058 reptiles, development, hatching success Journal Article Packard, Gary C.;Taigen, Theodore L.;Packard, Mary J.;Boardman, Thomas J. 1980 Water relations of pliable-shelled eggs of comon snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 8 1404-1411 Conference Proceedings Packard, G.C.;Packard, M.J. 1980 The crocodilian egg: physiology and its relation to successful incubation Journal Article Packard, G. C.;Packard, M. J.;Boardman, T. J. 1981 Patterns and possible significance of water exchange by flexible-shelled eggs of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) Physiological Zoology 54 1 165-178 reptiles, development, growth, metabolism, Journal Article Packard, G. C.;Packard, M. J.;Boardman, T. J.;Ashen, M. D. 1981 Possible adaptive value of water exchanges in flexible-shelled eggs of turtles Science 213 471-473 reptiles, water, moisture, development, Journal Article Packard, Gary C.;Taigen, Theodore L.;Packard, Mary J.;Boardman, Thomas J. 1981 Changes in mass of eggs of softshell turtles (Trionyx spiniferus) incubated under hydric conditions simulating those of natural nests Journal of Zoology, London 193 81-90 Journal Article Packard, M. J.;Packard, G. C.;Boardman, T. J. 1982 Structure of eggshells and water relations of reptilian eggs Herpetologica 38 1 136-155 reptiles, water, moisture, development, Journal Article Packard, G. C.;Packard, M. J. 1983 Patterns of nitrogen excretion by embryonic softshell turtles (Trionyx spiniferous) developing in cleidoic eggs Science 221 1049-1050 reptiles, waste, apalone Journal Article Packard, G. C.;Packard, M. J.;Boardman, T. J.;Morris, K. A.;Shuman, R. D. 1983 Influence of water exchanges by flexible-shelled eggs of painted turtles Chrysemys picta on metabolism and growth of embryos Physiological Zoology 56 2 217-230 reptiles, development, eggs, Journal Article Packard, G.;al., et 1983 Influence of water exchanges by flexible-shelled eggs of Painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, on metabolism and growth of embryos Physiol. Zool 56 217-230 Reptilia, testudines, Painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, physiology, propagation, egg, water exchange, embryo Journal Article Packard, G.;al.;et 1983 Influence of water exchanges by flexible-shelled eggs of Painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, on metabolism and growth of embryos Physiol. Zool 56 217-230 Reptilia, testudines, Painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, physiology, propagation, egg, water exchange, embryo Journal Article Packard, Gary C.;Packard, Mary J. 1983 Patterns of nitrogen excretion by embryonic softshell turtles (Trionyx spiniferus) developing in cleidoic eggs Science 221 4615 1049-1050 Journal Article Packard, G. C.;Packard, M. J.;Boardman, T. J. 1984 Influence of hydration of the environment on the pattern of nitrogen excretion by embryonic snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) Journal of Experimental Biology 108 195-204 reptiles, water, development, incubation, Journal Article Packard, M. J.;Hirsch, K. F.;Iverson, J. B. 1984 Structure of shells from eggs of kinosternid turtles Journal of Morphology 181 9-20 morphology, reptiles, Journal Article Packard, M. J.;Short, T.M.;Packard, G.C.;Gorell, T.A. 1984 Sources of calcium for embryonic development in eggs of the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina J. Exp. Zool. 1984 81 81-87 Reptilia, testudines, snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina, propagation, breeding, egg, embryo, calcium testu,vit,develop,physiol PF x Journal Article Packard, M. J.;Packard, G. C.;Gutzke, W. H. 1984 Calcium metabolism in embryos of the oviparous snake Coluber constrictor J Exp Biol 110 99-112 Animal; Calcium/*metabolism; Egg Shell/metabolism; Egg Yolk/metabolism; Female; Snakes/*embryology/growth & development; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Water/metabolism; Water-Electrolyte Balance Total calcium in embryos of an oviparous, colubrid snake (Coluber constrictor L.) rises rapidly during the last half of incubation as the embryos increase in size. Although most of this calcium is drawn from stores in the yolk, hatchlings contain more calcium than was present in yolk of eggs at oviposition. Because shells from eggs incubated to hatching contain less calcium than do shells from freshly-laid eggs, the extra calcium appears to be drawn from the eggshell. Indeed, approximately 20% of the calcium required for development in this snake is obtained from the eggshell, with the remainder coming from the yolk. Thus, embryos of oviparous snakes, like embryonic chelonians, crocodilians and birds, withdraw calcium from their eggshells and do not rely exclusively on calcium supplied in their yolk for support of growth and development. Journal Article Packard, G.C.;Packard, M.J.;Boardman, T.J. 1984 Effects of the hydric environment on metabolism of embryonic snapping turtles do not result from altered patterns of sexual differentiation Copeia 84 2 547-550 Chelydra serpentina,Reptilia Journal Article Padian, K.;Olsen, P.E. 1984 The fossil trackway Pteraichnus: not pterosaurian, but crocodilian J. Paleontol 58 1 178-184 fossil, locomotion, Journal Article Pages, Jean-Marc 1984 Ecologie des amphibiens du sud-ouest de la Montagne Noire. [Ecology of the amphibians of southwestern part of Montagne Noire] Alytes 3 2 56-69 France salamandra triturus helveticus marmoratus bufo calamita alytes obstetricans pelodytes punctatus hyla meridionalis rana temporaria dalmatina esculenta cristatus Journal Article Paillette, Madeleine;Breuil, Michel 1983 Appel aux preneurs de sons pour l'etude des chants d'amphibiens. [Recordings of calls for the study of choruses of amphibians] Alytes 2 2 66-67 Journal Article Pakenham, R. H. W. 1983 The reptiles and amphibians of Zanzibar and Pemba Islands (with a note on freshwater fishes) Journal of the East African Natural History Society and National Museum 177 1-40 Journal Article Pakenham, R. H. W. 1983 The reptiles and amphibians of Zanzibar and Pemba Islands Journal of the East African Natural History Society and National Museum 177 1-40 Book Palmer, Joan 1983 Reptiles & Amphibians: Poole Blanford Press 94 p. Journal Article Palmer, D. G.;Rübel, A.;Mettler, F.;Völker, L. 1984 Experimentally provoked skin lesions in testudines by high parenteral dosing of Vitamin A. Experimentell erzeugte Hautveränderungen bei Landschildkröten durch hohe parenterale Gaben von Vitamin A Zbl. Vet. Med. A 31 625-633 Reptilia, testudines, Testudo, pathology, intoxivation, vitamin A Journal Article Pan, M. D.;Mao, Q. 1984 [Isolation and identification of wubangziside A and B from Polygala caudata Rehd et Wils] Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao 19 12 899-903 Journal Article Pang, P. K. 1981 Pituitary and prolactin influences on calcium regulation in the mud puppy, Necturus maculosus Gen Comp Endocrinol 44 4 524-9 Adaptation, Physiological/drug effects; Animal; Calcium/*blood/pharmacology; Fresh Water; *Hypophysectomy; Male; Necturus maculosus; Prolactin/*pharmacology; Sodium/blood; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology; Solutions; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Journal Article Panje, W. R.;Ganion, L. R.;Kessel, R. G. 1980 Electrophoretic and kinetic studies on lactate dehydrogenase during oogenesis in Necturus maculosus Acta Embryol Morphol Exp 1 2 103-18 Animal; Electrophoresis; Female; Kinetics; Lactate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism; Necturus/*embryology; Necturus maculosus/*embryology; *Oogenesis Journal Article Papenfuss, Theodore J. 1982 The ecology and systematics of the Amphisbaenian genus Bipes Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 136 iv, 1-42 Journal Article Papenfuss, Theodore J. 1982 The ecology and systematics of the amphisbaenian genus Bipes Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 136 1-42 Bipes Journal Article Papenfuss, T. J.;Wake, D. B.;Adler, K. 1983 Salamanders of the genus Bolitoglossa from the Sierra Madre del Sur of southern Mexico Journal of Herpetology 17 4 295-307 Amphibia, Caudata, macrinii, morphology, electrophoresis Journal Article Pappas, Nicholas G. 1983 Sea Turtles Sierra 1983 Sept./Oct. 55-58 Book Parent, Georges H. 1982 Bibliographie de l'Herpetofaune Française Paris Secretariat de la Faune et de la Flore 431 p. Journal Article Parker, W. S.;Brown, W. S. 1980 Comparative ecology of two colubrid snakes, Masticophis t. taeniatus and Pitophis melanoleucus deserticola, in northern Utah Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 7 1-104 reptiles, hibernation, thermoregulation, temperature, activity, movement, reproduction, lipids, growth, demography, predation, diet, behavior Book Parker, William S.;Brown, William S. 1980 Comparative ecology of two Colubrid snakes, Masticophis T. Taeniatus and Pituophis Melanoleucus Deserticola, in Northern Utah Milwaukee Milwaukee Public Museum vii + 104 Book Parker, William S.;Brown, William S. 1980 Comparative Ecology of Two Colubrid Snakes, Masticophis t. taeniatus and Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola, in Northern Utah Milwaukee Public Museum viii + 104 Journal Article Parker, William S. 1982 Sceloporus magister Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 290 1-4 Journal Article Parker, William S. 1982 Masticophis taeniatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 304 1-4 Journal Article Parker, William S. 1984 Immigration and dispersal of slider turtles Pseydemys scripta in Mississippi farm ponds American Midland Naturalist 112 2 280-293 Journal Article Parmenter, Robert R. 1980 Effects of food availability and water temperature on the feeding ecology of pond sliders (Chrysemys s. scripta) Copeia 1980 503-514 Par Pond, Pond C, Loyal's Lair, Gus' Swamp, Susan's Swamp, Hot Dam Journal Article Parmenter, R. R. 1981 Digestive turnover rates in freshwater turtles: the influence of temperature and body size Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 70A 235-238 Reptiles, turtles, digestion, turnover, temperature, size, thermal effects, Chelydra, Sternotherus, Pseudemys scripta, Journal Article Parmenter, R. R. 1981 Digestive turnover rates in freshwater turtles: The influence of temperature and body size Comp. Biochem Physiol. A 1981 235 235-238 vet,vit,testu,physiol PF x Journal Article Parmenter, C J 1983 Reproductive migration in the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) 1983 271-273 hawksbill Book Parrish, Henry M. 1980 Poisonous Snakebites in the United States New York Vantage Press xiv, 469 p., 4 plates Journal Article Partridge, B. L.;Pitcher., T. J. 1980 The sensory basis of fish schools: relative roles of lateral line and vision Journal of Comparative Physiology 135A 315-325 Journal Article Partridge, B. L. 1982 The structure and function of fish schools Scientific American 246 114-123 Journal Article Parzefall, J.;Durand, P.;Richard., B. 1980 Chemical communication in Necturus maculosus and its cave-dwelling relative Proteus anguinus (Proteidae, Urodela). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 53 133-138 Book Section Pasteur, G. 1982 Speciation and transspecific evolution Barigozzi, C. Mechanisms of speciation NY, NY Alan R. Liss 513-538 reptiles, time, genetics, ancestors Journal Article Patten, Robbin B.;Banta, Benjamin H. 1980 A rattlesnake, Crotalus ruber, feeds on a road-killed animal Journal of Herpetology 14 1 111 road-kill, diet Book Section Patterson, R. 1982 The distribution of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Bury, R.B. North American tortoises: conservation and ecology Washington DC US Dept. of Interior, Fish and Wildife Service 51-56 Journal Article Patterson, Geoffrey B. 1983/1984 Record of the skink Leiolopisma acrinasum Hardy from a boulder beach on Resolution Island, New Zealand Herpetofauna 15 1-2 13 Leiolopisma acrinasum Journal Article Patton, James L. 1984 Biochemical genetics of the Galápagos giant tortoises National Geographic Society Research Reports 17 701-709 Journal Article Paukstis, G.L.;Gutzke, W.H.N.;Packard, G.C. 1984 Effects of substrate water potential and fluctuating temperatures on sex ratios of hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) Can. J. Zool. 62 1491-1494 Sex ratio,Hydric,Reptilia Journal Article Pauler, I. 1980 Life, feeding and breeding Geoemyda pulcherrima manni. Lebensweise, Ernährung und Nachzucht von Geoemyda pulcherrima manni Datz 33 3 103-107 Reptilia, testudines, Geoemyda pulcherrima manni, keeping, breeding, feeding testu,zucht,vit,tech PF x Edited Book Pearn, John 1981 Animal Toxins & Man: Human poisoning by toxic Australian venomous creatures Brisbane Health Education and Information, Queensland Health Department viii, 134 p. Journal Article Pearson, Anita;Wurst, Gloria;Cadle, John E. 1983 Ontogeny and immunocytochemical differentiation of the pituitary gland in a sea turtle, Caretta caretta Anatomy and Embryology 167 13-37 Journal Article Pearson, Anita K.;Wurst, Gloria Z.;Cadle, John E. 1983 Ontogeny and immunocytochemical differentiation of the pituitary gland in a sea turtle, Caretta caretta Anatomy and Embryology 167 13-37 Journal Article Pefaur, J. E.;Duellman, W. E. 1980 Community structure in high Andean herpetofaunas Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 83 2 45-65 reptiles, amphibians, divrsity, niche, overlar, breadth, density Journal Article Pefaur, J. E. 1982 Checklist and biolography of the Venezuelan herpetofauna Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 89 1-54 checklist, amphibians, reptiles, Venezuela, bibliography, literature Journal Article Peixoto, O. L.;Cruz, C. A. G. Da 1980 Observacoes sobre a larva de Proceratophrys appendiculata (Gunther, 1873) (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 40 3 491-493 larvae, tadpole, comparative, morphology, description Journal Article Peixoto, O. L. 1981 Notas sobre o girino de Crossodactylodes pintoi Cochran (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 2 339-341 larvae, tadpoles, comparative, Amphibia, Anura, morphology, description Journal Article Peixoto, O. L. 1981 Nova especie de Hyla da Serra dos Orgaos, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 3 515-520 tadpoles, new species, Brasil, carvalhoi, circumdata, color pattern, descriptions, morphology Journal Article Peixoto, O. L.;Izecksohn, E.;Cruz, C. A. G. da 1981 Notas sobre o girino de Proceratophrys laticeps Izecksohn and Peixoto (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 41 3 553-555 tadpole, morphology, description, habitat, color pattern Journal Article Peixoto, O. L. 1982 Duas novas especies de Crossodactylodes de Santa Tereza, Estado do Espirito Santo, Brasil. (Amphibia, Anura, Leoptodactylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 42 3 619-626 descriptions, frogs, bromeliads, tadpole, development, new species, Crossodactylodes bokermanni, izecksohni, sexual dimorphism, comparative, morphology Journal Article Peixoto, O. L. 1982 Observaçes sobre a larva de Pleurodema diplolistris (Peters, 1870)(Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Revista Brasileira Biologia 42 631-633 Journal Article Peixoto, O. L.;Cruz., C. A. G. Da 1983 Girinos de espécies de Hyla do grupo Albomarginata do Sueste Brasileiro (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Arq. Univ. Fed. Rural Rio de Janeiro 6 155-163 Journal Article Peixoto, O. L.;Cruz, C. A. G. Da;Izecksohn, E.;Silva, S. P. Carvalho e 1984 Notes on the tadpole of Proceratophrys precrenulata (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Arq. Univ. Fed. Rio de Janeiro 7 1 83-86 taxonomy, larvae, morphology, comparative, description Journal Article Perez-Beato, O. 1982 Algunos indicadores en el desarollo de Anolis porcatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) Ciencias Biologicas 7 127-129 Reptiles, lizards, anoles, Cuba, morphology Journal Article Perez-Beato, O.;Alvarez, V. B. 1982 Estudio electroforetico de las proteinas del plasma en do especies de Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae) Poeyana 242 1-7 Reptiles, lizards, Anolis equestris, porcatus, electrophoresis, proteins, blood plasma, Journal Article Perez-Beato, O.;Alvarez, V. B. 1984 Indice cefalico y patron de placa mental: dos elementos fenotipicos en la diferenciacion de Anolis porcatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) en el occidente de Cuba Poeyana 262 1-8 Reptiles, lizards, brain, cranial, phenotypes, morphology, relationships, taxonomy Journal Article Perez-Higaredo, G. 1980 Notes on nesting of Crocodylus moreleti in southern Veracruz, Mexico Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 16 2 52-53 CM, nest, Mexico Book Perkins, Kenneth W.;Franks, Richard L.;Whitten, Richard H. 1981 Reptiles and Amphibians: Care and Culture Burlington, NC Carolina Biological Supply 32 Journal Article Pernetta, J.C.;Burgin, S. 1980 Census of crocodile populations and their exploitation in the Purari area Purari River (Wabo) hydroelec. scheme envir. stud. 14 1-44 CNV, CPR, distribution, utilization, Australia Journal Article Perrill, S. A. 1980 Social communication in Eumeces inexpectatus Journal of Herpetology 14 2 129-135 Reptiles, lizards, behavior, cloaca, display, mating, reproduction Journal Article Perrill, Stephen A.;Gerhardt, H. Carl;Daniel, Richard E. 1982 Mating strategy shifts in male treefrogs (Hyla cinerea): an experimental study Animal Behaviour 30 43-48 Hyla cinerea, Anuran communication, amphibia, speciation, sexual selection, satellite males Journal Article Perrill, S. A.;Daniel., R. E. 1983 Multiple egg clutches in Hyla regilla, H. cinerea, and H. gratiosa. Copeia 1983 513-516 Journal Article Perrin, P. 1984 Coding strategy differences between constant and variable segments of immunoglobulin genes Nucleic Acids Res 12 13 5515-27 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Chickens; Codon; Comparative Study; *Genes, Structural; Human; Immunoglobulin Constant Region/*genetics; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics; Immunoglobulins/*genetics; Mice; Rabbits; Rats; RNA, Messenger/genetics; Species Specificity; Variation (Genetics) Vertebrate immunoglobulin (Ig) mRNAs reveal intraspecies variation in codon usage distinct from that seen with yeast or bacterial genes. Comparison of all available Ig gene sequences shows that %(G + C) in codon position III is consistently lower in variable (V) segments than in constant (C) segments. I find an even lower %(G + C) in the hypervariable domains of V segments. This analysis suggests that base substitution in Ig genes correlates positively with local A + T content. Journal Article Perry, G.;Werner, Y. L. 1981 Food of Ptyodactylus hasselquistii guttatus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) at two locations in Israel, in summer Israel Journal of Zoology 30 98 reptiles, diet Book Perry, Steven F. 1983 Reptilian Lungs: Functional Anatomy and Evolution Berlin Springer-Verlag viii, 81 p Journal Article Perry, Gad 1984 Guide to the turtles of Israel Hardun 2 14-21;67 Testudo; Mauremys; Trionyx; Dermochelys; Caretta; Chelonia; Eretmochelys; Israel Journal Article Perutz, M.F.;Bauer, C.;Gros, G.;Leclercq, F.;Vandecasserie, C.;Schnek, A. G.;Braunitzer, G.;Friday, A. E.;Joysey, K. A. 1981 Allosteric regulation of crocodilian haemoglobin Nature 291 5817 682-684 physiology, biochemistry, Conference Proceedings Peters, L. 1982 Methyl mercury and PCB in the alligator: Public health implications, environmental monitoring and pathological effects 12-13 Journal Article Peters, J.A. 1984 The box turtle as a host for dipterous parasites Am. Midland Naturalist 40 2 472-474 Reptilia, testudines, box turtle,Terrapene carolina, infection, myiasis Journal Article Peterson, J. A.;Williams, E. E. 1981 A case history in retrodgrade evolution: the onca lineage in anoline lizards. II. Subdigital fine structure Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 149 4 215-268 reptiles, morphology, lamellae Journal Article Peterson, J. A.;Williams, Ernest E. 1981 A case history in retrograde evolution: the onca lineage in Anoline lizards. II. Subdigital fine structure Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 149 4 215-268 Book Peterson, Roger Tory;Peterson, Virginia Marie 1981 The Audubon Society Baby Elephant Folio, Audubon's Birds of America New York Abbeville Press ca. 1000 (unnummbered) Journal Article Peterson, J. A.;Benson, J. A.;Ngai, M.;Morin, J.;Ow, C. 1982 Scaling in tensile "skeletons": structures with scale-independent length dimensions Science 217 1267-1270 reptiles, morphology, allometry, Journal Article Peterson, J. A. 1984 The microstructure of the scale surface in iguanid lizards Journal of Herpetology 18 4 437-467 reptiles, morphology, scales, comparative, Journal Article Petokas, Peter J.;Alexander, Maurice M. 1980 The Nesting of Chelydra serpentina in Northern New York Journal of Herpetology 14 3 239-244 snapping turtle Journal Article Petranka, J. W.;Petranka., J. G. 1980 Selected aspects of the larval ecology of the marbled salamander Ambystoma opacum in the southern portion of its range American Midland Naturalist 104 352-363 Journal Article Petranka, J. W.;Petranka., J. G. 1981 On the evolution of nest site selection in the marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum. Copeia 1981 387-391 Journal Article Petranka, J. W.;Just, J. J.;Crawford, E. C. 1982 Hatching of amphibian embryos: the physiological trigger Science 217 257-259 amphibians, reproduction, development Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1982 Courtship behavior of the small-mouthed salamander (Ambystoma texanum) in central Kentucky Herpetologica 38 2 333-336 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1982 Geographic variation in the mode of reproduction and larval characteristics of the small-mouthed salamander (Ambystoma texanum) in the east-central United States Herpetologica 38 4 475-485 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1983 Fish predation: a factor affecting the spatial distribution of a stream-breeding salamander Copeia 3 624-628 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1983 Fish predation: a factor affecting the spatial distribution of a stream-dwelling salamander Copeia 1983 624-628 Journal Article Petranka, J. W.;Just, J. J.;Crawford., E. C. 1983 Hatching of amphibian embryos; the physiological trigger Science 217 257-259 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1984 Breeding migrations, breeding season, clutch size, and oviposition of stream-breeding Ambystoma texanum Journal Of Herpetology 18 2 106-112 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1984 Incubation, larval growth and embryonic and larval survivorship of smallmouth salamanders (Ambystoma texanum) in streams Copeia 4 862-868 Journal Article Petranka, James W. 1984 Sources of interpopulational variation in growth responses of larval salamanders Ecology 65 6 1857-1865 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1984 Incubation, larval growth, and embryonic and larval survivorship of smallmouth salamanders (Ambystoma texanum) in streams. Copeia 1984 862-868 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1984 Ontogeny of the diet and feeding behavior of Eurycea bislineata larvae Journal of Herpetology 18 48-55 Journal Article Petranka, J. W. 1984 Breeding migrations, breeding season, clutch size, and oviposition of stream-breeding Ambystoma texanum. Journal of Herpetology 18 106-112 Journal Article Pettigrew, A. G. 1981 Brainstem afferents to the torus semicircularis of the Queensland cane toad (Bufo marinus) Journal of Comparative Neurology 202 59-68 Book Petzold, Hans-Günter 1984 Die Anakondas Magdeburg Spektrum Akademischer verlag 142 Eumeces; South America Book Petzold, Hans-Günter 1984 (1995) Die Anakondas Magdeburg Spektrum Akademischer verlag 142 Eumeces; South America Book Petzold, Hans-Günter 1984 [1995] Die Anakondas Magdeburg Spektrum Akademischer verlag 142 Eumeces; South America Journal Article Péfaur, Jaime E.;Duellman, William E. 1980 Community structure in high Andean herpetofaunas Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 83 2 45-65 Journal Article Péfaur, Jaime E.;Pascual, Amelia de 1982 Aspectos biogeograficos de las comunidades de anfibios y saurios de los Andes Venezolanos Actas 8vo Congreso Latinoamericano de Zoologia (Octobre 1980, Merida, Venezuela) 1982 229-261 Journal Article Pérez-Beato, Octavio;Berovides, Vincente 1982 Estudio elecroforético de las proteínas del plasma en dos especies de Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae) Poeyana 242 1-7 Journal Article Pérez-Beato, Octavio;Berovides-Alvarez, Vincente 1984 Indice cefálico y patrón de placa mental: dos elementos fenotípicos en la diferenciación de Anolis porcatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) en el occidente de Cuba Poeyana 262 1-8 Journal Article Pérez-Higareda, Gonzalo 1980 Albinism in Corytophanes hernandezi (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 16 3 97-98 Journal Article Pfeiffer, C. 1980 Foods for tortoises Chelonologica 1 1 5-13 Reptilia, testudines, food, feeding vit,testu Fernl x Journal Article Pianka, E. R. 1980 Guild structure in desert lizards Oikos 35 201 reptiles, niche, organization, guilds Journal Article Pianka, Eric R. 1982 Observations on the ecology of Varanus in the Great Victorian Desert Western Australian Naturalist 15 37-44 Book Section Picard, J. J.;Pays, A.;Afifi, A.;Anizet, M. P.;Querinjean, P. 1983 A transplantable malignant adenocarcinoma induced in Xenopus borealis (Parker) by a cell line transformed by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 177-179 Journal Article Pickersgill, M. 1984 Three new Afrixalus (Anura: Hyperoliidae) from south-eastern Africa Durban Mus. Novitates 13 207-220 Journal Article Pickwell, George V.;Culotta, Wendy A. 1980 Pelamis, P. platurus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 255 1-4 Journal Article Pickwell, G. V.;Culotta, W. A. 1980 Pelamis daulin pelagic or yellow-bellied sea snake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 255.1-255.4 yellow-bellied sea snake, reptiles Journal Article Pickwell, G. V.;Bezy, R. L.;Fitch, J. E. 1983 Northern occurrences of the sea snake, Pelamis platurus, in the eastern Pacific, with a record of predation on the species Calif. Fish and Game 69 3 172-177 reptiles, snakes, California, distribution, locality Journal Article Pieau, C.;Dorizzi, M. 1981 Determination of temperature sensitive stages for sexual differentiation of the gonads in embryos of the turtle, Emys obicularis Journal of Morphology 170 373-382 tsd Book Section Pieau, Claude 1983 Developpement somatique et inversion sexuelle sous l'action de la temperature chez les embryons de reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 233-238 Journal Article Pieau, Claude;Fretey, Jacques;Rimblot, Frédérique;Lescure, Jean 1984 Influence de la temperature d'incubation des ¦ufs sur la differentiation sexuelle des tortues Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 277-296 Journal Article Pieau, Claude;Fretey, Jacques;Rimblot, Frédérique;Lescure, Jean 1984 Influence de la temperature d'incubation des Žufs sur la differentiation sexuelle des tortues Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 277-296 Book Pienaar, U. de V.;Haacke, W. D.;Jacobsen, N. H. G. 1983 The Reptiles of the Kruger National Park Pretoria Sigma Press 236 Journal Article Pierce, B. A.;Smith, H. M. 1980 On the use of the term paedomorphosis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 81-82 Journal Article Pierce, Benjamin A.;Mitton, Jeffry B. 1980 The relationship between genome size and genetic variation American Naturalist 116 6 850-861 Journal Article Pierce, Benjamin A.;Smith, Hobart M. 1980 On the use of the term Paedomorphosis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 81 terms, larvae Journal Article Pierce, B. A.;Mitton, J. B.;Rose., F. L. 1981 Allozyme variation among large, small and cannibal morphs of the tiger salamander inhabiting the Llano Estacado of west Texas. Copeia 1981 590-595 Journal Article Pierce, B. A.;Mitton, J. B. 1982 Allozyme heterozygosity and growth in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum J Hered 73 4 250-3 Ambystoma/growth & development/*genetics; Animal; Heterozygote; Isoenzymes/*genetics; Larva; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Statistically significant, positive correlations were found between individual heterozygosity at seven protein polymorphisms and size in five natural populations of tiger salamanders. When these same populations were sampled later in the same year, the positive associations between heterozygosity and size were no longer evident. A pair mating was conducted in the laboratory, and offspring were distributed randomly to four replicate populations maintained in the laboratory. In two to these four replicates, a significant, positive association between protein heterozygosity and size was observed. The laboratory results suggest that the associations seen in natural populations are due to associations between protein heterozygosity and growth rate early in the larval period. Journal Article Pierce, B. A.;J. B. Mitton, L. Jacobson;Rose., F. L. 1983 Head shape and size in cannibal and noncannibal larvae of the tiger salamander from west Texas Copeia 1983 1006-1012 Journal Article Pierce, B. A.;Hoskins, J. B.;Epstein., E. 1984 Acid tolerance in Connecticut wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) Journal of Herpetology 18 159-167 Journal Article Piiper, J. 1982 Respiratory gas exchange at lungs, gill and tissues: mechanisms and adjustments Journal of Experimental Biology 100 5-22 Journal Article Pilorge, T.;Barbault, R. 1981 la viviparite chez les lezards: evolution et adaptation Acta OEcologia 2 4 387-397 reptiles, lizards, viviparity, evolution, adaptation, strategies, reproduction, Sceloporus, geographic distribution, Journal Article Pilorge, T. 1981 Structure et dynamique d'une population du lezard vivipare: signification adaptative de la viviparite chez les lezards Ecole normale superieure publications du laboratoire de zoologie 18 1-152 reptiles, reproduction, adaptation, demography, density, activity, Journal Article Pilorge, T.;Castanet, J. 1981 Determination de l'age dans une population naturelle du lezard vivipare (Lacerta vivipara Jacquin 1787) Acta ecologica 2 1 3-16 reptiles, lizards, mark-recapture, age, body size, Journal Article Pilorge, T. 1982 Regime alimentaire de Lacerta vivipara et Rana temporaria dans deux populations sympatriques du Puy-de-Dome Amphibia-Reptilia 3 27-31 reptiles, amphibians, diet, food, competition, Journal Article Pilorge, T. 1982 Ration alimentaire et bilan energetique individual dans une population de montagne de Lacerta vivipara Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 8 1945-1950 reptiles, lizards, energetics, diet, food Journal Article Pilorge, T. 1982 Strategie adaptative d'une population de montagne de Lacerta vivipara Oikos 39 206-212 reptiles, adaptation, France, reproduction, variation Journal Article Pilorge, T.;Xavier, F.;Barbault, R. 1983 Variations in litter size and reproductive effort within and between some populations of Lacerta vivipara Holarctic Ecology 6 381-386 reptiles, comparative, demography Journal Article Pinder, A.;Burggren., W. 1983 Respiration during chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia in larval and adult bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) Journal of Experimental Biology 105 205-213 Book Pinney, Roy 1981 The Snake Book: Habitat, Collecting, Care, and Feeding Garden City, NY Doubleday viii + 248 Journal Article Pintar, Manfred 1982 Wachstum von Braunfröschen im Freiland (Amphibia: Salientia: Ranidae) Salamandra 18 3/4 338-341 Journal Article Pintar, Manfred 1984 Der einfluss Verschiedener Wetterlagen auf Anurenfänge in den Danau-auen Oberhalb Wiens (Stockerau) [Influence of various western conditions on frog catches on the alluvial plain of the Danube River near Vienna (Stockrau)] Folia Zoologica 33 2 159-166 Journal Article Pintar, Manfred 1984 Zur Bionomie von Anuren aus Lebensräumen der Donau-auen Oberhalb Wiens (Stockerau) [On the bionomics of frogs (Anura) from the Alluvial plain of the Danube River in the environs of Vienna (Stockerau) Folia Zoologica 33 263-276 Journal Article Pintar, Manfred 1984 Zur bionomie von Anuren aus Lebensräumen der Donau-Auen oberhalb Wiens (Stockerau) [On the bionomics of frogs (Anura) from the alluvial plain of the Danube River in the environs of Vienna (Stockerau) Folia Zoologica 33 3 263-276 Journal Article Pinto, L. H.;Brown, J. E. 1984 Pressure injection of 3',5'-cyclic GMP into solitary rod photoreceptors of the tiger salamander Brain Res 304 1 197-200 Ambystoma; Animal; Cyclic GMP/*pharmacology; Ion Channels/*drug effects; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Photoreceptors/*drug effects; Rod Outer Segments/*drug effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The outer segments of solitary rods of large neotenic Ambystoma tigrinum were impaled with double-barrel micropipettes. One barrel was used to record membrane voltage and the other barrel was used both to pass voltage-clamp current and to pressure-inject cyclic GMP. Injections of cyclic GMP induced inward currents in normal cells that were bathed in Ringer's solution and studied at the dark, resting voltage. These cyclic GMP-induced currents reversed sign for voltages 25-40 mV more positive than the dark, resting voltage; however, light- induced currents did not reverse sign for voltages as depolarized as 55 mV more positive than the dark, resting voltage. The responses to light became slow and very prolonged in cells that had been injected with large amounts of cyclic GMP. In these over-injected cells, both light- induced and cyclic GMP-induced currents increased in amplitude but did not reverse sign, for voltages 35-45 mV more positive than the dark, resting voltage. We conclude that light causes the simultaneous change in concentration of an intracellular messenger for excitation in addition to cyclic GMP, or that a change in the cytosolic concentration of cyclic GMP is not a step in the excitatory process. Book Pisani, George R.;Dinardo, Joseph 1983 Recent Herpetological Literature No. 1 Athens, OH SSAR ii, 1-66 Book Pisani, George R.;Dinardo, Joseph 1984 Recent Herpetological Literature No. 2 Athens, OH SSAR vi + 38 Journal Article Pitkin, R. B. 1983 Annual cycle of body size and blood parameters of the aquatic adult red- spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens J Exp Zool 226 3 373-7 Animal; Body Weight; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins/analysis; Male; Periodicity; Salamandridae/anatomy & histology/*blood A minimum of 20 aquatic, adult Notophthalmus viridescens were captured approximately every other month during 1980 in order to investigate seasonal changes in body size and blood parameters. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin, sex, weight, snout-to- tail length, snout-to-vent length, and the presence of trypanosomes on blood smears were determined. Environmental variables measured included temperature (range 5-26 degrees C), oxygen concentration (range 5.7- 12.2 mg/L), and pH (range 6.5-7.5) of water at the pond's edge. Three anemic specimens (less than 0.03 gHb/100 ml blood) were found. The only significant (P less than 0.05) seasonal effects were that the mean hematocrit of the July sample was greater than that of the March sample and the incidence of trypanosome infection of the March collected newts was lower than those collected in May, July, and August. Significant (P less than 0.01) linear relationships were found within the body size and blood parameters but not between them. Females had significantly (P = 0.000) higher hematocrits than males. The hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit did not correlate with the assumed seasonal oxygen demands of the newt. Journal Article Plasa, Lutz 1981 Untersuchungen zur Ökologie, Taxonomie und Verbreitung Salamandra salamandra Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein e.V., Bericht N.F. 5 39-62 Journal Article Plassman, W. 1980 Central neuronal pathways in the lateral line system of Xenopus laevis Journal of Comparative Physiology 136 203-213 Journal Article Platt, J. E.;LiCause, M. J. 1980 Effects of oxytocin in larval Ambystoma tigrinum: acceleration of induced metamorphosis and inhibiton of the antimetamorphic action of prolactin Gen Comp Endocrinol 41 1 84-91 Ambystoma/*growth & development; Animal; Body Weight/drug effects; Gills/growth & development; Metamorphosis, Biological/*drug effects; Oxytocin/*pharmacology; Prolactin/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology; Tail/growth & development; Thyroxine; Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects Journal Article Platt, J. E.;Hill, P. L. 1982 Inhibition of the antimetamorphic action of prolactin in larval Ambystoma tigrinum by lysine vasopressin, arginine vasotocin, and aldosterone Gen Comp Endocrinol 48 3 355-61 Aldosterone/*pharmacology; Ambystoma/*growth & development; Animal; Body Weight/drug effects; Gills/physiology; Larva/growth & development; Lypressin/*pharmacology; Metamorphosis, Biological/*drug effects; Prolactin/*pharmacology; Tail/physiology; Thyroxine/pharmacology; Vasotocin/*pharmacology Journal Article Platt, Dwight R. 1983 Heterodon Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 315 1-2 Journal Article Platz, J. E.;Frost, J. S. 1984 Rana yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens Complex) Copeia 1984 4 940-948 Amphibians, frogs, species description, Arizona, Mexico, distribution, locality, specimens, Journal Article Platz, J. E.;Frost, J. S. 1984 Rana yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) Copeia 1984 4 940-948 onca fisheri Journal Article Platz, James E.;Mecham, John S. 1984 Rana chiricahuensis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 347 1-2 Book Section Plotkin, M.J.;Medem, F.;Mittermeier, R.A.;Constable, I.D. 1983 Distribution and conservation of the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) Miyata, Rhodin & Adv. in Herpet. & Evol. Biol. 695-705 MN, distribution, conservation, ecological role, South America Journal Article Plummer, Michael V. 1980 Ventral scute anomalies in a population of Opheodrys aestivus Journal of Herpetology 14 2 199 ventral scales Journal Article Plummer, M. V. 1981 Communal nesting of Opheodrys aestivus in the laboratory Copeia 1981 1 243-246 reptiles, snakes, reproduction, behavior Journal Article Plummer, Michael V. 1981 Habitat utilization, diet and movements of a temperate arboreal snake (Opheodrys aestivus) Journal of Herpetology 15 4 425-432 Journal Article Plummer, M.;V;and, D.;B.;Farrar 1981 Sexual dietary differences in a population of Trionyx muticus J. Herpetol. 1981 175 175-179 testu,oeko,vit Senck n Journal Article Polis, G. A. 1984 Age structure component of niche width and intraspecific resource partitioning: can age groups function as ecological species? American Naturalist 123 541-564 Journal Article Pond, C.M.;Mattacks, C.A. 1984 Anatomical organization of adipose tissue in chelonians Brit. J. Herpetol. 6 402-404 Reptilia, testudines, anatomy, adipose tissue, fat Conference Proceedings Pooley, A.C. 1980 Reproductive biology of Crocodylus niloticus (Abstract only) Journal Article Pooley, A.C. 1980 The decline of crocodiles in Africa Traffic (Int.) Bull. 11 9-10 93-94 CNL, OT, CC, conservation, Africa Journal Article Pooley, A. C. 1981 Disappearing African crocodiles Oryx 16 38-40 reptiles, conservation, Book Pooley, Tony 1982 The Tony Pooley Guide to the Nile Crocodile and other African Crocodiles Cape town John Visser Book Pooley, Tony 1982 Discoveries of a Crocodile Man London Collins 213, 12 plates Book Section Pooley, A.C. 1982 The status of African crocodiles in 1980 Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 174-228 Book Pooley, A.C. 1982 Discoveries of a crocodile man London Williams Collins Sons & Co.LTD CNL, reproduction, behavior, agonistic, courtship, parental care, farming, food, nest, Africa 213 Pp. Book Pooley, Tony 1982 Discoveries of a Crocodile Man London Collins 213 p., 12 plates Journal Article Pope, Mary H.;Highton, Richard 1980 Geographic Genetic Variation in the Sacramento Mountain Salamander, Aneides hardii Journal of Herpetology 14 4 343-326 chromosomes Book Pope, Clifford H. 1981 The Giant Snakes New York Alfred A. Knopf 290 Journal Article Porras, Louis;McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David 1981 The systematics and distribution of the hognose viper Bothrops nasuta Bocourt (Serpentes: Viperidae) Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 22 85-107 Journal Article Potel, M. J.;Wassersug., R. J. 1981 Computer tools for the analysis of schooling Environ. Biol. Fish. 6 15-19 Report Potter, F.E., Jr. 1981 Status of the American alligator in Texas Journal Article Potter, F. E.;Sweet, S. S. 1981 Generic boundaries in Texas cave salamanders, and a redescription of Typhlomolge robusta (Amphibia: Plethodontidae). Copeia 1981 64-75 Journal Article Pough, F. Harvey 1980 The advantages of ectothermy for tetrapods American Naturalist 115 1 92-112 Journal Article Pough, F. H.;Taigen, T. L.;Stewart, M. M.;Brussard, P. F. 1983 Behavioral modification of evaporative water loss by a Puerto Rican frog Ecology 64 2 244-252 amphibians, Eleuthrodactylus, activity, metabolism, dehydration, water relations Journal Article Pough, F. H. 1983 Book Review: Lizard ecology. Studies of a model organism Science 222 610-611 Journal Article Pough, F. Harvey;Groves, John D. 1983 Specializations of the body form and food habitats of snakes American Zoologist 23 443-454 Journal Article Pough, F. Harvey 1983 Feeding mechanisms, body size, and the ecology and evolution of snakes: Introduction to the symposium American Zoologist 23 339-342 Journal Article Pough, F. Harvey;Groves, John D. 1983 Specializations of the body form and food habits of snakes American Zoologist 23 443-454 Journal Article Pough, F. Harvey 1983 Feeding mechanisms, body size, and the ecology and evolution of snakes. Introduction to the Symposium American Zoologist 23 339-342 Journal Article Pough, F. Harvey 1983 Adaptive radiation within a highly specialized system: the diversity of feeding mechanisms of snakes American Zoologist 23 2 337-460 Journal Article Pough, F. H.;Groves, J. D. 1983 Specializations of the body and food habits of snakes American Zoologist 23 443-454 vipers, viperidae, feeding, morphology Journal Article Pough, F. H.;R. E. Gatten, Jr. 1984 The use of anaerobic metabolism by frogs in a breeding chorus Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 78A 2 337-340 Amphibia, Anura, Hyla crucifer, spring peepers, lactate, energetics, calling, vocalization, Hylidae Journal Article Pough, F. H.;Kamel, S. 1984 Post-metamorphic change in activity metabolism of anurans in relation to life history Oecologia (Berl.) 65 138-144 amphibians, development, tadpoles, dispersal, Journal Article Pough, F. H.;Lillywhite, H. B. 1984 Blood volume and blood oxygen capacity of sea snakes Physiological Zoology 57 1 32-39 reptiles, hematocrit, physiology Journal Article Pough, F. Harvey;Gatten, Robert E., Jr. 1984 The use of anaerobic metabolism by frogs in a breeding chorus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 78A 2 337-340 Journal Article Pough, F. H.;Kamel., S. 1984 Post-metamorphic change in activity metabolism of anurans in relation to life history Oecologia 65 138-144 Journal Article Powders, Vernon N.;Cate, Ray 1980 Food of the Dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitatus in Georgia Journal of Herpetology 14 1 82 feeding, salamander Journal Article Powell, R.;Parmerlee, J. 1981 Eine bisher unbeschriebene Farbvariante bei Lampropeltis triangulum blanchardi (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) Salamandra 17 83-86 reptilia, serpentes, colubridae Journal Article Powell, Robert;Parmerlee, John 1981 Eine bisher unbeschriebene farbvariante bei Lampropeltis triangulum blanchardi (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) Salamandra 17 1/2 83-86 coloration pattern Journal Article Powell, R.;Bromeier, K. P.;Laposha, N. A.;Parmerlee, J. S.;Miller, B. 1982 Maximum sizes of Amphibians and Reptiles from Missouri Transactions, Missouri Academy of Science 16 99-106 maximum sizes, Missouri, amphibians, reptiles Journal Article Powell, R.;Little, L. W. 1984 Eine Wohngemeinschaft von Physalaemus pustulosus (Cope, 1864) (Salientia: Leptodactylidae) mit einer bodenbewohnenden Vogelspinne Salamandra 20 273-274 Physalaemus pustulosus, Salientia, Leptodactylidae Journal Article Powell, G. L.;Russell, A. P. 1984 The diet of the eastern short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre) in Alberta and its relationship to sexual size dimorphism Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 3 428-440 reptiles, lizards, food, body size, Canada, Journal Article Prado-Franceschi, J;DQ, Tavares;R, Hertel;A, Lobo de Ara'ujo; 1981 Effects of convulxin; a toxin from rattlesnake venom; on platelets and leukocytes of anesthetized rabbits. Toxicon 19 5 661-666 Journal Article Pregill, G. 1981 Cranial morphology and the evolution of West Indian toads (Salienta: Bufonidae): Resurrection of the genus Peltophryne Fitzinger Copeia 1981 2 273-285 Amphibians, frogs, morphology, ossification, Antilles, skull, relationships, taxonomy, specimens Journal Article Pregill, Gregory 1981 Late Pleistocene herpetofaunas from Puerto Rico University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 71 iv, 1-72 Journal Article Pregill, Gregory 1981 Cranial morphology and the evolution of West Indian toads (Salientia: Bufonidae): Resurrection of the genus Peltophryne Fitzinger Copeia 1981 273-285 Amphibia, anura, bufonidae, peltophryne, Dominican Republica, systematics, relationship Journal Article Pregill, Gregory K.;Berrian, James E. 1984 Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the San Diego Natural History Museum Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 20 10 151-164 Journal Article Presch, W. 1980 Evolutionary history of the South American microteiid lizards (Teiidae: Gymnophthalminae) Copeia 1980 1 36-56 reptiles, lizards, systematics, phylogeny, distribution, Gymnophthalmidae, Tropical, South America, Central America Journal Article Presch, W. 1983 The lizard family Teiidae: is it a monophyletic group Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 77 189-197 reptiles, lizards, systematics, phylogeny, gymnophthalmidae, distribution Journal Article Prescott C.W. 1981 Fenbendazole in the treatment of intestinal parasites of circus lions and tigers Veterinary Record 109 15-16 170490 MDL DGB Katacht. 59 Book Section Presley, R. 1984 Lizards, mammals and the primitive tetrapod tympanic membrane Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 127-152 Journal Article Price, Andrew Hoyt 1980 Crotalus molossus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 242 1-2 Journal Article Price, R. L.;St John, T. 1980 Helminth parasites of the small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum Matthes, 1855 from Williamson County, Illinois Proceedings Of The Helminthological Society Of Washington 47 2 273-274 Journal Article Price, Andrew H.;LaPointe, Joseph L. 1981 Structure-functional aspects of the scent gland in Lampropeltis getulus splendida Copeia 1981 1 138-146 getula floridana behavior Journal Article Price, Andrew Hoyt 1982 Crotalus scutulatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 291 1-2 Journal Article Price, Robert M. 1982 Dorsal snake scale microdermatoglyphics: ecological indicator or taxonomic tool Journal of Herpetology 16 3 294-306 lampropeltis calligaster Journal Article Price, Roy 1984 State Report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 24-29 Journal Article Price, Edaward O. 1984 Behavioral aspects of animal domestication Quarterly Review of Biology 59 1 1-32 genetics evolution captivity Journal Article Prieto, A. S. 1980 Notes on parasites of the tropical lizard Tropidurus hispidus Journal of Herpetology 14 2 190 parasites Journal Article Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1980 Dermochelys coriacea Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 238 1-4 Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 Preliminary information on joint Mexico / U.S. program for conservation of Kemp's ridley at Rancho Nuevo, 1980 Chelonologica 1 3 132 Book Section Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 Recovered sea turtle populations and U.S. recovery team effort Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Smithsonian Inst. 503-511 Book Section Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 Marine turtles of the South Pacific Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Smithsonian Inst. 253-262 Book Section Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 Marine turtles of Micronesia Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Smithsonian Inst. 263-274 Book Pritchard, P.C.H.;Spring, C.S. 1980 Turtles, men and magic Marine Turtle Project (Wildlife Division, Papua New Guinea) Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 The conservation of sea turtles: practices and problems Amer. Zool. 20 609-617 Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 De zon en de schildpad Chelonologica 1 4 162-168 Book Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 Report on United States / Mexico conservation of Kemp's ridley sea turtle at Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 1980 US Fish & Wildlife Service Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 Record size turtles from Florida and South Amerika Chelonologica 1 3 113-123 Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1980 Life and death in Oaxaca Conference Proceedings Pritchard, P.C.H. 1982 Conservation implications of alligator farming 5-6 Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1982 Turtles of the Spanish Main - summary of knowledge and results of surveys of sea turtles and their nesting beaches in Venezuela Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H.;Stubbs, T.H. 1982 An evaluation of sea turtle populations and survival status on Vieques Island Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1982 Nesting of the leatherback tutle, Dermochelys coriacea. in Pacific Mexico, with a new estimate of the world population status Copeia 1982 4 741-747 leatherback Book Section Pritchard, P.C.H.;Reichart, H. 1983 The National Report for the country of Guyana Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium San Jose, Costa Rica 17-22 July 1983 Book Pritchard, P.C.H. 1983 Manual sobre tecnicas de investigacion y conservacion de las tortugas marinas San Jose, Costa Rica Prepared for the Western Atlantic Turtle Symposium Book Pritchard, Peter C. H.;Trebbau, Pedro 1984 The Turtles of Venezuela Oxford, Ohio Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 414 Book Pritchard, Peter C. H.;Trebbau, Pedro 1984 The Turtles of Venezuela (Patron's edition, two leatherbound volumes in Slipcase, signed & numbered) Oxford, Ohio Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 414 Book Section Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1984 Piscivory in turtles, and evolution of the long-necked Chelidae Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 87-110 Book Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984 Marine turtles in Trinidad and Tobago FAO Book Section Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984 Further thoughts on "Lonesome George" Noticias de Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation 20-23 Book Pritchard, P.C.H.;Trebbau, P. 1984 Turtles of Venezuela SSAR Book Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984 The turtles of Venezuela Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984 Sea turtles in Guadeloupe Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984 Further notes on "Lonesome George" Not. Galapagos 39 20-23 Book Pritchard, Peter C. H.;Trebbau, Pedro 1984 The Turtles of Venezuela Oxford, Ohio Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles x, 404 p., 47 plates, 16 maps, (5) Book Section Pritz, Michael B. 1980 Parallels in the organization of auditory and visual systems in crocodiles Ebbesson, S.O.E. Comparative Neurology of the Telencephalon Plenum 331-342 Journal Article Pritz, Michael B.;Northcutt, R. G. 1980 Anatomical evidence for an ascending somatosensory pathyway to the telencephalon in crocodiles, Caiman crocodilus Experimental Brain Research 40 342-345 Journal Article Pritz, M.B.;Northcutt, R.G. 1980 Anatomical evidence for an ascending somato- sensory pathway to the telencephalon in crocodiles, Caiman crocodilus Exp. Brain Res. 40 342-345 CCR, anatomy, sense, Journal Article Pritz, M. B. 1983 The dorsal column nucleus in a reptile, Caiman crocodilus Neurosci Lett 39 2 119-23 Animal; Axons/physiology; Histocytochemistry; Nerve Degeneration; Nervous System/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology The dorsal column nucleus of Caiman crocodilus was identified by using standard orthograde techniques to trace the degeneration that resulted from dorsal rhizotomies in brachial and lumbar regions. Although the dorsal column nucleus was difficult to locate in Nissl and fiber preparations, it was easily identified in histochemical material because it stained intensely with succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase. Journal Article Prosser, Harry 1984/1985 A note on turtles nesting in New South Wales Herpetofauna 16 1-2 29 Caretta caretta Journal Article Puckett, C.;Franz, R. 1982 The gopher tortoise: a species in decline Chelonian Documentation Center Newsletter 1 3 46-47 Journal Article Pudney, J.;Canick, J. A.;Mak, P.;Callard, G. V. 1983 The differentiation of Leydig cells, steroidogenesis, and the spermatogenetic wave in the testis of Necturus maculosus Gen Comp Endocrinol 50 1 43-66 Androgens/*biosynthesis; Animal; Cell Differentiation; Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure; Estrogens/*biosynthesis; Leydig Cells/ultrastructure; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Seasons; *Spermatogenesis; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Testis/cytology/*physiology The study of seminiferous tubule--Leydig cell interactions in relation to specific germ cell stages during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium is extremely difficult in most mammalian species due to the continual presence of different spermatogenetic stages in the testis from the onset of puberty. The problem is also compounded by the uniform distribution of both seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue throughout the entire testis. This difficulty can be circumvented, however, by studying certain species where there is a topographical distribution of germ cell stages within the testis. The urodele amphibian Necturus maculosus exhibits a breeding cycle during which a longitudinal wave of spermatogenesis occurs along the length of the testis, resulting in a spatial and temporal segregation of differentiating germ cells. Moreover, this topographical pattern of spermatogenesis is also reflected in the degree of development of adjacent Leydig cells. This anatomical arrangement allows distinct testicular regions to be obtained using a dissecting microscope. The isolated zones, containing germ cells and Leydig cells in various stages of development, were analyzed for 17 alpha-hydroxylase, C-17,20- lyase, and aromatase activities (key enzymes for the synthesis of androgens and estrogen), estrogen binding, and cytochrome P-450 content. Functional parameters were then correlated with the morphology of Leydig cells in the various zones observed by both light and electron microscopy. It was found that there existed a distinct correlation between the state of differentiation of the leydig cells, their steroidogenic potential, and the distribution of estrogen receptors. These results in Necturus indicate indicate in this species, at least, the steroidal microenvironment of different germ cell associations may be quite specific. Journal Article Pudney, J.;Callard, G. V. 1984 Organization of interstitial tissue in the testis of the salamander Necturus maculosus (Caudata:Proteidae) J Morphol 181 1 87-95 Animal; Leydig Cells/cytology; Male; Necturus/*anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Testis/*anatomy & histology/cytology In Necturus maculosus the organization of the interstitial tissue varies according to the stage of spermatogenesis. Leydig cells at various stages of differentiation and myoid cells are always present in this tissue. The Leydig cells are undifferentiated at all phases of germ cell activity and only hypertrophy following spermiation and degeneration of Sertoli cells. These Leydig cells are structurally analogous to mammalian Leydig cells. They do not form part of the lamina propria of the seminiferous lobules and hence cannot be referred to as lobule-boundary cells previously described in the urodele testis (Lofts, '74). When the Leydig cells hypertrophy, numerous unmyelinated axons appear in the interstitial tissue. These axons, often devoid of Schwann-cell cytoplasm, occur in close proximity to Leydig cells. Because the levels of both Substance P and neurotensin increased in the testis of Necturus maculosus as Leydig cells differentiated, we concluded that these neural elements may regulate Leydig-cell function locally, through the release of neuropeptides. Journal Article Punzo, F. 1983 Effects of environmental pH and temperature on embryonic survival capacity and metabolic rates in the smallmouth salamander, Ambystoma texanum Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 31 4 467-73 Ambystoma/*embryology/metabolism; Animal; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxygen Consumption; *Temperature Journal Article Punzo, F. 1983 Effects of environmental pH and temperature on embryonic survival capacity and metabolic rates in the smallmouth salamander, Ambystoma texanum. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31 467-473 Journal Article Putnam, R. W.;Gleeson, T. T.;Bennett, A. F. 1980 Histochemical determination of the fiber composition of locomotory muscles in a lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis Journal of Experimental Zoology 214 303-309 reptiles, lizards, locomotion, performance, limbs, muscle fibers types, Journal Article Putnam, Robert W.;Bennett, Albert F. 1981 Thermal dependence of behavioural performance of anuran amphibians Animal Behaviour 29 502-509 Journal Article Putnam, R. W.;Murphy, R. W. 1982 Low metabolic rate in a nocturnal desert lizard, Anarbylus switaki Murphy (Sauria: Gekkonidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 71A 119-123 reptiles, activity, Journal Article Pyburn, William F. 1980 An unusual anuran larva from the Vaupes region of southeastern Colombia Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia. S. Paulo 33 12 231-238 Anura, tadpoles, taxonomy, location, Vaupes region, Columbia, morphology, Yapami larva, 61 Journal Article Pyburn, William F. 1980 The function of eggless capsules and leaf in nests of the frog Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura: Hylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 1 153-167 Journal Article Pyburn, W. F. 1980 An unusual anuran larvae from the Vaupés region of southeastern Colombia Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33 231-238 Journal Article Pyburn, W. F.;Lynch, J. D. 1981 Two little-known species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from the Sierra de la Macerena, Colombia Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 2 404-412 Anura, frogs, descriptions, new species, savagei, frater, vocalization, morphology, calls Journal Article Pyburn, William F. 1981 A new poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the forest of southeastern Colombia Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 1 67-75 Journal Article Pyburn, W.F.;Lynch, J.D. 1981 Two little-known species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from the Sierra de la Macarena, Colombia Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 404-412 Journal Article Pyburn, W. F.;Hall, D. H. 1984 A new stream-inhabiting treefrog (Anura: Hylidae) from southeastern Colombia Herpetologica 40 4 366-372 Amphibia, Hyla hutchinsi, new species, calling, vocalization, tadpoles, morphology Journal Article Pytycz, B.;Bigaj., J. 1983 Amphibian lymphoid organs: a review Folia Biol. (Kraków) 31 225-240 Journal Article Pytycz, B.;Dulak, J.;Pecio., A. 1984 Genetic control of length of larval period in Rana temporaria Folia Biol. (Kraków) 32 155-166 Journal Article Quinn, Hugh R. 1983 Two new subspecies of Lampropeltis triangulum from México Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 86 4 113-135 Journal Article Quinn, D.;Burggren., W. 1983 Lactate production, tissue distribution, and elimination following exhaustive exercise in larval and adult bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana Physiological Zoology 56 597-613 Journal Article Radcliff, Charles W.;Murphy, James B. 1983 Precopulatory and related behaviours in captive crotalids and other reptiles: suggestions for future investigation International Zoo Yearbook 23 163-166 Journal Article Radcliffe, C. W.;Chiszar, D.;Smith, H. M. 1980 Prey-induced caudal movements in Boa constrictor with comments on the evolution of caudal luring Bull. Mary. Herp. Soc. 16 1 19-22 Journal Article Radcliffe, Charles W.;Chiszar, David A. 1980 A Descriptive Analysis of Predatory Behavior in the Yellow Lipped Sea Krait(Laticaudacolubinae Journal of Herpetology 14 4 422-423 sea snakes Journal Article Rafols, J. A.;Getchell, T. V. 1983 Morphological relations between the receptor neurons, sustentacular cells and Schwann cells in the olfactory mucosa of the salamander Anat Rec 206 1 87-101 Animal; Axons/ultrastructure; Olfactory Mucosa/*cytology/ultrastructure; Receptors, Sensory/*cytology/ultrastructure; Schwann Cells/*cytology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela/*anatomy & histology The morphological characteristics of olfactory receptor neurons and their relations to the sustentacular cells and to the sheath cells of Schwann in the olfactory mucosa of the salamander (Ambystoma maculatum et tigrinum) were studied using a modification of the rapid Golgi technique. The bipolar receptor neurons had a fusiform-shaped cell body whose apical pole gave rise to a surface-reaching dendrite and a basal pole which gave rise to an axon. The length and width of the dendrite, although variable, were positively correlated with the relative depth at which the cell body was located in the sensory epithelium. Beyond the initial segment, the axon had a sinuous course prior to its entrance into the lamina propria. Within the lamina propria, the axons were associated with the sheath cells of Schwann to form the olfactory nerve fascicles. The processes of adjacent sheath cells formed an elaborate network of continuous cavities through which the axons coursed. Two morphologically distinct varieties of sustentacular cells, designated types I and II, were found in the sensory epithelium. Both types had a columnar profile consisting of an elongated cell body, a central stalk, and a basilar expansion of the stalk found at the junction of the epithelium with the lamina propria. The central stalk of type I sustentacular cells was unbranched, whereas that of type II cells gave rise to riblike processes from which cytoplasmic veils extended to envelop the cell bodies of receptor neurons. The basilar expansions were found in close apposition to the wall of capillaries or to acinar cells of Bowman's glands located in the most superficial region of the lamina propria. The morphological relationships and possible interdependencies among receptor neurons, the types of sustentacular cells, and the sheath cells are discussed. Journal Article Rage, Jean-Claude 1982 La phylogénie des Lépidosauriens (Reptilia): une approche cladistique C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris 294 563-566 Journal Article Rage, Jean Claude 1984 Serpentes Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology 11 11 xii, 1-80 Journal Article Rage, Jean-Claude 1984 Serpentes Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie/Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology 11 xii, 1-80 Book Rainey, W.E. 1981 Guide to sea turtle visceral anatomy US Department of Commerce 82pp sea turtle Journal Article Rajendran, Albert 1981 Visit to Pirotan Island Hamadryad 6 3 11-12 Journal Article Ralin, Dennis B. 1981 Ecophysiological adaptation in a diploid-tetraploid complex of treefrogs (Hylidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 68A 175-179 hyla chrysoscelis versicolor Journal Article Ramakrishna, N. 1983 News from the Madras Snake park and Madras Crocodile Bank Hamadryad 8 2 11-12 Journal Article Ramer, J. D.;Jenssen, T. A.;Hurst, C. J. 1983 Size-related variation in the advertisement calls of Rana clamitans (Anura: Ranidae), and its effect on conspecific males Copeia 1983 1 141-115 acoustic communication, aggresive call, Amphibia, Anura, competition, playback, Ranidae, Rana clamitans, territoriality, Journal Article Rand, A. S.;Dugan, B. 1980 Iguana egg mortality within the nest Copeia 1980 3 531-534 reproduction, survivorship, reptiles, lizards Conference Proceedings Rand, A.S.;Troyer, K. 1980 Reduced parental care in Crocodilus acutus in Panama: causes and implications (Abstract only) Journal Article Rand, A. Stanley;Ryan, Michael J. 1981 The adaptive significance of a complex vocal repertoire in a neotropical frog Z. Tierpsychol. 57 209-214 Journal Article Rand, A. S. 1982 Clutch and egg size in Brazilian iguanid lizards Herpetologica 38 1 171-178 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, Brazil Book Section Rand, A. Stanley;Greene, Harry W. 1982 Latitude and climate in the phenology of reproduction in the green iguana, Iguana iguana Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 142-149 Journal Article Rand, A. S.;Ryan, M. J.;Troyer, K. 1983 A population explosion in a tropical tree frog: Hyla rufitela on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Biotropica 15 1 72-73 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae Journal Article Rand, A. S.;Dugan, B. 1983 Structure of complex iguana nests Copeia 1983 3 705-711 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, Book Section Rand, A. Stanley 1984 Clutch size in Iguana iguana in central Panama Seigel, R.A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L.;Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics-A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, KS Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 115-122 Journal Article Rao, B. R. 1980 The seasonal variations of helminth parasites of fresh water snake in the Hyderabad district. Comp. Physiol. Ecol. 5 3 207-210 water snakes, parasites, reptiles Journal Article Rao, R. J. 1984 Turtles in the Chambal River Hamadryad 9 2 9-10 Journal Article Raphael, B.L. 1984 Diagnosis and management of renal gout in captive snakes Am. Ass. Zoo Vets Annu. Meet. 53 Reptilia, serpentes, nakes, anorexia, regurgitation, philosophy - theory 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Raphael B.L. 1984 Diagnosis and management of renal gout in captive snakes AAZV 53 Snakes, anorexia, regurgitation, philosiphy - theory 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Rasmussen, Jens Bødtker 1981 The snakes from the rainforest of Usambra Mountains, Tanzania: A checklist and key Salamandra 17 3/4 173-188 Journal Article Rasmussen, Jens Bødtker 1981 The snakes from the rainforest of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: a checklist and key Salamandra 17 3/4 173-188 africa Journal Article Rasmussen, Jens Bødtker 1982 A new record of the rare Opisthotropis praemaxillaris (Serpentes: Colubridae) Amphibia-Reptilia 3 279-280 paratapinophis Journal Article Rasmussen, Jens Bødtker;Howell, Kim M. 1982 The current status of the rare Usambra Mountain forest-viper, Antheris ceratophorus Werner, 1895, including a probable new record of A. nitschei rungweensis Bogert, 1940, and a discussion of its validity (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 3 269-277 Africa Journal Article Rasmussen, Jens B.;Stimpson, Andrew F. 1983 Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 (Reptilia, Serpentes): Proposed conservation under the plenary powers. Z.N.(S.) 2404 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 40 4 209-210 Journal Article Rastogi, R. K.;L. Iela, M. Di Meglio, L. Di Matteo, S. Minucci;Izzo-Vitiello., I. 1983 Initiation and kinetic profiles of spermatogenesis in the frog, Rana esculenta (Amphibia) Journal of Zoology 201 515-525 Journal Article Ratiba, R.;Girard, C.;Gipouloux., J.-D. 1981 Mise en evidence de catécholamines dans la corde dorsale de embryons d'amphibiens anoures. Relations possibles aves l'activité adénylate-cyclasique de cet organe et la migration de cellules germinales primordiales. Arch. Anat. Micros. Morphol. Exp. 70 149-160 Journal Article Raymond, Larry R.;Hardy, Laurence M. 1983 taxonomic status of the Corn Snake, Elaphe guttata (Linnaeus) (Colubridae), in Louisiana and eastern Texas Southwestern Naturalist 28 1 105-107 Journal Article Raynaud, A.;Fretey, J.;Clergue-Gazeau, M. 1980 Structures epitheliales d'existence temporaire, portees par les arcs branchiaux chez les embyrons de tortue Luth (Dermochelys coriacea L.) Bulletin Biologique de la France et de la Belgique 114 1 71-99 leatherback Book Section Raynaud, Albert 1983 Virus de type herpesvirus associe a des papillons cutanes chez Lacerta viridis (Laur.) Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 115-122 Book Section Raynaud, Albert 1983 Teratogenese par l'action des substances chimiques chez les reptiles, avec mension particuliere de l'action de la cytosine-arabinofuranoside chez les embryons de Lacerta viridis (Laur.) Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 251-258 Journal Article RAYNAUD, A. 1983 Virus de type herpesvirus associé à des papillomes cutanés chez Lacerta viridis (LAUR.) C.R. 1er Coll. Int. Pathol. Rept. & Amphib. 29-9 - 2-10, Angers 115-122 Reptilia, sauria, Lacerta viridis, infection, virus, herpes, papilloma, wart vet,virus WI x Journal Article Raynor, A. C.;Bingham, H. G.;Caffee, H. H.;Dell, P. 1983 Alligator bites and related infections J Fla Med Assoc 70 2 107-10 Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Bacterial Infections/*etiology; Bites and Stings/*complications; Case Report; Human; Male; Replantation; *Reptiles; Wrist Injuries/surgery Journal Article Reamer, D. C.;Zoller, W.H. 1980 Widespread occurrence in frog and toads of skin compounds interacting with Ouabain site of Na+, K+-ATPase Science 208 503-504 Journal Article Rebelo, G.H.;Magnusson, W.E 1983 An analysis of the effect of hunting on Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger based on the sizes of confiscated skins Biol. Cons. 26 2 95-104 CCR, MN, utilization, size, conservation, South America Journal Article Reboucas-Spieker, R. 1981 Sobre uma nova especie de Mabuya do nordeste do Brasil (Sauria, Scincidae) Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 34 9 121-123 reptiles, lizards, species description, morphology Journal Article Reboucas-Spieker, R. 1981 Sobre uma nova especie de Mabuya da Amazonia Brasileira (Sauria, Scincidae) Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 34 16 161-163 reptiles, lizards, species description, morphology, distribution, Journal Article Recht, M.A. 1981 A burrow occluding trap for tortoises Gopherus flavomarginatus J. Wildl. Manage. 45 2 557-559 Journal Article Reddy, P.S. 1980 Breeding of crocodiles in Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, Visakhapatnam (AP) Indian Forester 106 12 875 CPL, GG, captive breeding, reproduction, India Journal Article Reformato, L. S.;Kirschenbaum, D. M.;Halpern, M. 1983 Preliminary characterization of response-eliciting components of earthworm extract Pharmacol Biochem Behav 18 2 247-54 Animal; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Discrimination (Psychology)/drug effects; Female; Freeze Drying; Male; Oligochaeta/*physiology; Proteins/analysis; Snakes/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tissue Extracts/analysis/*pharmacology Fifteen garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) reliably spent more time and tongue flicked more frequently at a dish containing earthworm extract than a dish containing distilled water when these were presented simultaneously for two minute intervals. The discriminability of the earthworm extract was directly related to its concentration. Garter snakes with their vomeronasal ducts sutured closed did not respond differentially to earthworm extract and water under these test conditions. Thus their ability to discriminate earthworm extract from water in this bioassay was dependent upon a functional vomeronasal system. Earthworm extract retains its biological activity after boiling at 100 degrees C for 15 minutes and after lyophilization. Its effectiveness is not altered by changes in pH. Snakes continued to respond differentially to extracts with pH 2, 5-6 or 11. Chloroform extractions of the acid, neutral and alkaline earthworm extract yielded activity primarily in the water layer. The small amount of activity in the chloroform layer was removed by use of a drying agent. Bradford dye- binding tests indicated the presence of protein in the active fractions. Book Section Regal, Philip J. 1983 The adaptive zone and behavior of lizards Huey, R.B.;Pianka, E.R. and Schoener, T.W. Lizard Ecology: Studies of a Model Organism Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press 105-118 Journal Article Regalado, P. G. 1984 Estudio sobre la biometria, folidosis, diseno y coloracion de Lacerta schreiberi, Bedriaga, 1878. (Sauria, lacertidae) Alytes 2 25-54 reptiles, lizards, color, biometry, evolution, distribution, Spain, Portugal, morphology Journal Article Regens*burger, J. 1982 Survey on deworming of turtles with Flubenol, Panacur and Rintal Vet. med. dissertation Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy, Flubenol, flubendazol, Panacur, fenbendazol, Rintal, febental 070490 WS DGB Rep 101 Journal Article Regensburger, J. 1982 Survey on deworming of turtles with Flubenol, Panacur and Rintal Vet. med. dissertation Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy, Flubenol, flubendazol, Panacur, fenbendazol, Rintal, febental 070490 WS DGB Rep 101 Thesis Regensburger, J. 1982 Survey on deworming of turtles with Flubenol, Panacur and Rintal 070490 WS DGB Rep 101 Journal Article Regös, J.;Schlüter., A. 1984 Erste Ergebnisse zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Lithodytes lineatus (Schneider, 1799) Salamandra 20 252-261 Journal Article Reh, T. A.;Pitts, E.;Constantine-Paton., M. 1983 The organization of the fibers in the optic nerve of normal and tectum-less Rana pipiens Journal of Comparative Neurology 218 282-296 Journal Article Reichenbach, N. G.;Dalrymple, G. H. 1980 On the criteria and evidence for interspcific competition in snakes Journal of Herpetology 14 4 407-409 Reptiles, snakes, competition, resources, Journal Article Reichenbach, Norman G.;Dalrymple, George H. 1980 On the Criteria and Evidence for Interspecific Competition in Snakes Journal of Herpetology 14 4 409-411 essay Journal Article Reichenbach, Klinke H. H 1983 Match legs in amphibia a symptom of nutritional deficiency. Streichholzbeine bei Amphibien als Zeichen einer Mangelerkrankung Vago Amphibia, anura, dendrobatidae, pathology, SMUD, match legs, deficiency vet,lurch,vit WI x Book Section Reichenbach-Klinke, H. 1983 Physiopathology of amphibians and reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 22 Book Section Reichenbach-Klinke, H. 1983 Streichholzbeine bei Amphibien als Zeichen einer Mangelerkrankung Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 23-24 Journal Article REICHENBACH-KLINKE, H.-H. 1983 Leg damages due to deficiencies in amphibians. Streichholzbeine bei Amphibien als Mangelerkrankung. Proc. Vago, C., Matz, G. (eds). C.R. 1st Int. Colloq. Pathol. Rept. & Amphib. 29.9-2.10 1992, Angers. amphibia, reptilia, growth, development, nutrition, physiology PREX International Database System on Laboratory Animal Science Book Section Reid, R. E. H. 1984 The history of dinosaurian bone, and its possible bearing on dinosaurian physiology Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 629-663 Journal Article Reilly, S. M. 1983 The biology of the high altitude salamander Batrachuperus mustersi from Afghanistan Journal of Herpetology 17 1 1-9 Amphibians, salamanders, elevation, feeding, food, morphology, tail, skeleton, bones, larva, prey, breeding, reproduction, diet, Journal Article Reiner, A.;Brauth, S. E.;Kitt, C. A.;Karten, H. J. 1980 Basal ganglionic pathways to the tectum: studies in reptiles J Comp Neurol 193 2 565-89 Alligators and Crocodiles/*anatomy & histology; Animal; Basal Ganglia/*anatomy & histology; Dominance, Cerebral/physiology; Motor Cortex/anatomy & histology; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology; Substantia Nigra/anatomy & histology; Superior Colliculus/*anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tegmentum Mesencephali/anatomy & histology; Thalamic Nuclei/anatomy & histology; Turtles/*anatomy & histology Relations between the basal ganglia and the tectum were investigated in two different orders of reptiles: turtles (Chrysemys scripta) and crocodilians (Caiman crocodilus). In both species, efferents from the paleostriatal complex, a telencephalic region considered comparable to the mammalian basal ganglia on the basis of topographic, histochemical, and hodological criteria, were found to project to a prominent pretectal cell group called the dorsal nucleus of the posterior commissure (nDCP). Cells within nDCP, in turn, were found to project extensively upon the optic tectum. This paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal pathway is comparable to a previously described paleostriatal-pretectal- tectal channel in birds that involves a relay in the pretectal nucleus, spiriformis lateralis (SpL). Neither the presently described paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal channel of reptiles nor that previously described in birds, however, appears comparable to the superficially similar basal ganglionic-nigral-superior collicular pathway of mammals. Rather, data from the present experiments indicate the existence of a second paleostriatal channel to the tectum, one which does appear comparable to the basal ganglionic-nigral-superior collicular pathway of mammals. This second paleostriatal channel to the tectum, relayed via a tegmental cell group termed the substantia nigra in turtles and the tegmentipedunculopontine complex in caiman, is of much lesser prominence in reptiles than the paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal channel. The present results indicate the existence of at least two separate systems by which the basal ganglia in reptiles can influence the midbrain roof. These two channels, particularly the prominent paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal pathway, may represent major routes by which the basal ganglia influence motor functions in reptiles. Further, although previous research had only indicated the existence of a paleostriatal-pretectal-tectal pathway in birds and a basal ganglionic- nigral-collicular channel in mammals, existing data are consistent with the hypothesis that both presently described pathways in reptiles exist in birds and mammals, though only one of the two may be prominent in mammals. Journal Article Reinert, Howard K.;Cundall, David;Bushar, Lauretta M. 1981 Foraging behavior of the timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus Copeia 1984 4 976-981 Journal Article Reinert, Howard K.;Cundall, David 1982 An improved surgical implantation method for radio-tracking snakes Copeia 1982 3 702-705 radio telemetry Journal Article Reinert, H.K.;al., et 1984 Foraging behavior of the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) Copeia, 4 976-980 Reptilia, serpentes, timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus, physiology, feeding behaviour Journal Article Reinert, H. K.;Cundall, D.;Bushar, L. M. 1984 Foraging behavior of the timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus Copeia 1984 4 976-981 radiotelemetry, timber rattlesnakes, behavior, foraging, body size Journal Article Reinert, Howard K. 1984 Habitat separation between sympatric snake populations Ecology 65 2 478-486 Journal Article Reisz, Robert R. 1981 A diapsid reptile from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas Special Publication of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7 vi, 1-74, 1 plate Journal Article Reitz, C. J.;Goosen, D. J.;Odendaal, M. W.;Visser, L.;Marais, T. J. 1984 Evaluation of the Venom Ex apparatus in the treatment of Egyptian cobra envenomation. A study in rabbits S Afr Med J 66 4 135-8 The Venom Ex cutting and suction apparatus for the initial treatment of snakebite was evaluated. Rabbits were injected with radioactive Egyptian cobra venom, and treatment with the Venom Ex followed. The fluid obtained by suction was analysed. All 8 control animals died within 4 hours; Venom Ex treatment resulted in the recovery of 7 out of 8 rabbits, after double the lethal dose of venom, providing treatment was started early. However, if treatment was delayed or if the dose of venom was high, there was a marked increase in the mortality. The amount of venom extracted was insufficient to account for the recovery of the animals. In one group of rabbits trauma was applied to the injection site without lacerating the skin and without removal of venom. About half of these animals recovered. However, this was less efficient than the Venom Ex treatment. Trauma apparently retards absorption of venom and increases survival. The possible reasons for this novel finding are discussed. Journal Article Rengel, D.;Pisanò., A. 1981 Il differenziamento sessuale della gonade di Phyllomedusa sauvagii Rend. Accad. Sci. Fis. Mat. 48 329-335 Journal Article Repesh, L. A.;Oberpriller, J. C. 1980 Ultrastructural studies on migrating epidermal cells during the wound healing stage of regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Am J Anat 159 2 187-208 Animal; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure; Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure; Epidermis/*cytology; Microscopy, Electron; Notophthalmus viridescens; Pseudopodia/ultrastructure; Ruthenium Red; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Wound Healing The ultrastructure of the epidermal cells which migrate over the wound surface of the amputated limb of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, was observed with transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. In order to aid in the visualization of polyanionic surface materials on the wound epithelium and wound surface with TEM, the basic dye, ruthenium red, was introduced into the fixatives and buffer. Control limbs were processed without ruthenium red. Shortly after amputation, basal cells at the wound margin possessed elongated, flattened profiles with long pseudopodial projections (lamellipodia and filopodia) that appeared to make contact with the fibrin exudate covering the stump tissues. Epidermal cells proximal to the site of amputation were also in a state of mobilization. Large intercellular spaces and a reduction in the number of desmosomes were observed in the migrating cells. Epidermal cell nuclei became characteristically euchromatic with well-developed nucleoli. Microfilaments were seen within the cytoplasm, extending toward the plasma membrane of cellular processes. Phagocytosed material was also present in the migrating cells. By approximately 9 hours post- amputation, wound closure was complete, and the wound epithelium consisted of three to four cell layers of a non-cornified epidermis. Generally, the amount of extracellular material present on the surface and in the enlarged intercellular spaces of migrating epidermal cells remained the same throughout the period of wound closure. A layer of polyanionic material was observed consistently over the fibrin meshwork covering the wound surface with TEM. Journal Article Repesh, L. A.;Furcht, L. T.;Smith, D. 1981 Immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in limb tissues of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens J Histochem Cytochem 29 8 937-45 Animal; Blood Vessels/analysis; Connective Tissue/*analysis; Extremities/*analysis; Fibronectins/*analysis/blood; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Muscles/analysis; Necturus; Nervous System/analysis; Notophthalmus viridescens; Skin/analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. This study describes the immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin, a defined connective tissue and plasma glycoprotein, and its relationship to collagen and reticulin in adult newt limb tissues. We have also isolated the plasma form of fibronectin in a related species, the adult mudpuppy. The insoluble form of fibronectin was detected with immunoperoxidase stain in basement membranes and loose connective tissue. The endoneurium and perineurium of nerve bundles and the connective tissue elements of striated muscle stained heavily for fibronectin. The dermis and blood vessel walls also reached positively with the immunoperoxidase stain. A similar distribution was observed for reticulin with conventional histologic techniques with the exception of the dermis where only trace amounts of the protein were observed. Fibronectin and collagen were codistributed in the tissues studies. Fibronectin appeared to be intercalated among larger collagenous fibers. Collagen and fibronectin form an extracellular connective tissue scaffold that abuts against many types of adherent cells in different tissues. This supports the possible role of fibronectin in cell-matrix interactions and normal cell and tissue organization. Journal Article Resetar, A.R.;Marx, H. 1981 A redescription and generic reallocation of the African colubrid snake Elapocalamus gracilis Boulenger with a discussion of the union of the brille and postocular shield Journal of Herpetology 15 83-89 Journal Article Reuss, L.;Weinman, S. A.;Grady, T. P. 1980 Intracellular K+ activity and its relation to basolateral membrane ion transport in Necturus gallbladder epithelium J Gen Physiol 76 1 33-52 Animal; Biological Transport, Active; Chlorides/metabolism; Gallbladder/*metabolism/physiology; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus/metabolism; Potassium/*metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. A study of the mechanisms of the effects of amphotericin B and ouabain on cell membrane and transepithelial potentials and intracellular K activity (alpha Ki) of Necturus gallbladder epithelium was undertaken with conventional and K-selective intracellular microelectrode techniques. Amphotericin B produced a mucosa-negative change of transepithelial potential (Vms) and depolarization of both apical and basolateral membranes. Rapid fall of alpha Ki was also observed, with the consequent reduction of the K equilibrium potential (EK) across both the apical and the basolateral membrane. It was also shown that, unless the mucosal bathing medium is rapidly exchanged, K accumulates in the unstirred fluid layers near the luminal membrane generating a paracellular K diffusion potential, which contributes to the Vms change. Exposure to ouabain resulted in a slow decrease of alpha Ki and slow depolarization of both cell membranes. Cell membrane potentials and alpha Ki could be partially restored by a brief (3-4 min) mucosal substitution of K for Na. Under all experimental conditions (control, amphotericin B, and ouabain), EK at the basolateral membrane was larger than the basolateral membrane equivalent emf (Eb). Therefore, the K chemical potential difference appears to account for Eb and the magnitude of the cell membrane potentials, without the need to postulate an electrogenic Na pump. Comparison of the rate of Na transport across the tissue with the electrodiffusional K flux across the basolateral membrane indicates that maintenance of a steady-state alpha Ki cannot be explained by a simple Na,K pump-K leak model. It is suggested that either a NaCl pump operates in parallel with the Na,K pump, or that a KCl downhill neutral extrusion mechanism exists in addition to the electrodiffusional K pathway. Journal Article Rewcastle, S. C. 1980 Form and function in lacertilian knee and metatarsal joints; a contribution to the analysis of sprawling locomotion Journal of Zoology, London 191 147-170 Reptiles, lizards, knees, anatomy, locomotion, performance, movement, limb, geometry ugh Journal Article Reyer, R. W. 1980 DNA replication in lens vesicles of Ambystoma maculatum embryos implanted into ocular or extra-ocular sites of host larvae Exp Eye Res 31 4 451-62 Ambystoma/*embryology; Animal; Autoradiography; *DNA Replication; Eye; Larva; Lens, Crystalline/*embryology/metabolism/transplantation; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thymidine/metabolism; Transplantation, Homologous Journal Article Reyer, R. W. 1982 Dedifferentiation of iris epithelium during lens regeneration in newt larvae Am J Anat 163 1 1-23 Animal; Epithelium/physiology/ultrastructure; Iris/*ultrastructure; Larva/physiology; Lens, Crystalline/*physiology/surgery; Notophthalmus viridescens/anatomy & histology/physiology; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Early stages in lens regeneration from the pigmented epithelium of the dorsal iris were studied in larval Notophthalmus viridescens by means of transmission electron microscopy. Normal iris epithelium is composed of two layers of low cuboidal cells. packed with melanosomes and surrounded by a basal lamina. Scattered desmosomes attach adjacent cells. Following lens removal, the intercellular spaces enlarge and the epithelial cells increase in size. Some irregular microvilli from these cells extent into the intercellular spaces. Macrophages invade the iris epithelium and phagocytize melanosomes discharged from the pigmented cells. These invading macrophages have numerous microprojections and are often separated from the surface by a very thin layer of iris epithelial cell cytoplasm. In the iris cells, nucleoli become more prominent and granular, polyribosomes increase greatly in number, melanosomes gradually disappear, mitochondria become more numerous, and mitotic activity is greatly augmented. Fine cell processes of adjacent interdigitate near the external surface, where numerous micropinocytotic vesicles can be seen. Over the external surface, the basal lamina may be disrupted or duplicated in places where pseudopodia project from iris cells or a macrophage has entered an intercellular space. It is lacking on the lumenal surface. Sloughed membranes are often found in these intercellular spaces. Journal Article Reyer, R. W. 1982 Lens regeneration from the pupillary margin of the eyecup in newt embryos Am J Anat 163 1 25-45 Animal; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*ultrastructure; Epithelium/ultrastructure; Eye/*ultrastructure; Iris/ultrastructure; Lens, Crystalline/*physiology/surgery; Notophthalmus viridescens/anatomy & histology/physiology; *Pupil; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Early stages in lens regeneration from the dorsal margin of the pupil, following removal of the young lens from the embryonic eyecup, were studied with transmission electron microscopy in Notophthalmus viridescens. At the stage of operation, the eyecup cells have an undifferentiated, embryonic appearance with numerous free ribosomes and scattered mitochondria. In normal embryonic eyes containing a lens, the iris epithelium differentiates from the edge of the optic cup by growth and flattening of the cells to form a two-layered cuboidal epithelium. There is extensive melanogenesis in both inner and outer layers. In lentectomized eyes, this flattening does not occur and melanogenesis takes place mainly in the outer layer of epithelium. Mitoses are abundant and a vesicle of unpigmented columnar cells, enclosed by a basal lamina, develops from the dorsal pupillary margin of the eyecup. Macrophages are present and phagocytize some of the melanin but less than during dedifferentiation of pigmented iris epithelium. During this regeneration of a lens vesicle, there is an increase in the number of polyribosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria in preparation for synthesis of the lens proteins. Micropinocytosis occurs at the cells surfaces. Journal Article Reynolds, Samuel L.;Seidel, Michael E. 1982 Sternotherus odoratus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 287 1-4 Book Section Reynolds, Robert P.;Scott, Norman J., Jr 1982 Use of a mammalian resource by a Chihuahuan snake community Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 99-118 crotalus atrox molossus scutulatus elaphe subocularis pituophis melanoleucus Journal Article Reynolds, R.P.;Marlow, R.W. 1983 Lonesome George, the Pinta Island tortoise: a case of limited alternatives Not. Galapagos 37 14-17 Journal Article Reynolds, R. P. 1984 Records of the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, from the Galapagos Islands Copeia 1984 3 786-789 Reptiles, snakes, Ecuador, occurrence, distribution, dispersal Journal Article Reynolds, Robert P.;Pickwell, George V. 1984 Records of the yellow-bellied sea snake, Pelamis platurus, from the Galápagos Islands Copeia 1984 3 786-789 Book Section Reza Khan, M.A. 1982 Present status and distribution of the crocodiles and gharial of Bangladesh Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 229-236 Journal Article Reznick, D.;Sexton, O. J.;Mantis, C. 1981 Initial prey preferences in the lizard Sceloporus malachiticus Copeia 1981 3 681-686 reptiles, lizards, diet, behavior, Journal Article Rheinlander, J.;Walkowiak, W.;Gerhardt, H. C. 1981 Directional hearing in the green treefrog: A variable mechanism? Naturwissenschaften 65 430-431 Hyla cinerea, Anuran communication, amphibia, speciation, sexual selection, Journal Article Rhoda, G.H. 1984 Movements of juvenile American crocodiles in Gatun Lake, Panama Herpetologica 40 444-451 CA, movement, Journal Article Rhodin, A.G.J.;Schoelkopf, R.C. 1982 Reproductive data on a female leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, stranded in New Jersey Copeia 1982 1 181-183 leatherback Book Section Rhodin, A. G. J.;Mittermeier, R. A. 1983 Description of Phrynops williamsi, a n ew species of chelid turtle of the South American P. geoffroannus complex Rhodin, A. G. J. and Miyata, K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology. Essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge, MA Museum of Comparative Zoology 58-73 reptiles, turtles, description, morphology, distribution, Brazil, Uruguay Edited Book Rhodin, Anders G. J.;Miyata, Kenneth 1983 Advances in Herpetology and Evolutionary Biology: Essays in Honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge, MA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology xx + 725 Journal Article Rhodin, A.G.J.;P.C.H. Pritchard, R.P. Reynolds 1983 Statusrapport for Galapagos jatteskoldpaddor, Geochelone elephantopus, med anmarkningar om G. e. ephippium pa Duncan Snoken 13 3 67-72 Journal Article Rhodin, A.G.J. 1983 Statusrapport for Galapagos jatteskoldpaddor Geochelone elephantopus, med anmarkningar on G. e. ephippium pa Duncan Snoken-Nat. Swedish Herpetol. Assoc. 13 3 67-72 Journal Article Rhodin, A. G. J.;Mittermeier, R. A.;McMorris, J. R. 1984 Platemys macrocephala, a new species of chelid turtle from central Bolivia and the pantanal region of Brazil Herpetologica 40 1 38-46 description, morphology, distribution, Journal Article Rhodin, A.G.J.;P.C.H. Pritchard, R.A. Mittermeier 1984 The incidence of spinal deformities in marine turtles, with notes on the prevalence of kyphosis in Indonesian Chelonia mydas British J. Herp. 6 369-373 Journal Article Rhodin, Anders G. J.;da Rocha e Silva, Roberto;Mittermeier, Russell A. 1984 Distribution of the South American chelid turtles Platyemys radiolata and P. spixii Copeia 1984 3 780-786 Journal Article Rhoten, W. B. 1984 Immunocytochemical localization of four hormones in the pancreas of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis Anat Rec 208 2 233-42 Animal; Colloids; Cytoplasmic Granules/analysis; Female; Glucagon/*isolation & purification; Gold; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Insulin/*isolation & purification; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Pancreas/*analysis; Pancreatic Polypeptide/*isolation & purification; Snakes/*metabolism; Somatostatin/*isolation & purification; Staphylococcal Protein A; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were localized in the pancreas of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, by light and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) immunocytochemistry. Colloidal gold-protein A was used for TEM localization and the peroxidase--antiperoxidase complex technique was used for light microscopy. The glucagon-containing A cells and the insulin-positive B cells were the most numerous cell types. The somatostatin-containing D cells made up about 15% of the endocrine cells. PP-positive F cells were a minor cell type. The only topographic arrangement of the cells within the endocrine-rich areas that was apparent was the peripheral localization of the D and F cells. Cells of a specific cell type were sometimes grouped together. At the electron microscopic (EM) level, the gold particles (indicating the presence of hormone) were localized nearly exclusively over the secretory granules of the reactive cells. The alpha-granules were the largest found and were predominantly electron dense with a moderately electron-dense periphery. PP-containing granules were the smallest. The somatostatin- reactive delta-granules were round and moderately electron opaque. The beta-granules were heterogeneous in appearance. The morphognomy of the secretory granules of the major endocrine cell types is qualitatively similar to that of mammals. Whether or not the quantitative and/or associative differences contribute to the marked metabolic differences between reptiles and mammals, remains to be determined. Book Section Rich, C. 1984 Why a turtle girdle AAZPA Reg. Conf. Proc. 425-432 Journal Article Ricklefs, Robert E.;Cochran, Donald;Pianka, Eric R. 1981 A morphological analysis of the structure of communities of lizards in desert habitats Ecology 62 6 1474-1783 Journal Article Ricqles, A. de 1984 Remarques systematiques et methodologiques pour servir a l'etude de la famille des captorhinides (Reptilia, Cotylosauria, Captorhinomrpha Annals de Paleontologie 70 1 1-39 evolution, Captorhinidae, systematics, cladistics, Reptiles, lizards Book Rieppel, Olivier 1980 The Phylogeny of Anguinomorph Lizards Boston Birkhäuser Verlag 86 Journal Article Rieppel, Oliver 1980 The perilymphatic system of the skull of Typhlops and Acrocordus, with comments on the origin of snakes Journal of Herpetology 14 1 105 blind snake, skleleton Journal Article Rieppel, Olivier 1980 The phylogeny of Anguimorph Lizards Mémoires de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles 94 1-86 Shinisaurus crocodilurus; Xenosaurus grandis; Anniella pulchra; Heloderma; Varanus; Lanthanotus Journal Article Rieppel, Olivier 1980 The trigeminal jaw adductor musculature of Tupinambis, with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the Teiidae (Reptilia, Lacertilia) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 1 1-29 Journal Article Rieppel, O. 1982 The phylogenetic relationships of the genus Acontophiops Sternfeld (Sauria: Scincidae), with a note on mosaic evolution Annals of the Transvaal Museum 33 12 241-257 Book Section Rieppel, Oliver 1984 Miniaturization of the lizard skull: its function and evolutionary implications Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 503-520 Journal Article Risch, Jean-Paul;Romer, John D. 1980 Origin and Taxonomic Status of the Salamander Cynops shataukokensis Journal of Herpetology 14 4 337-342 systematics, phylogeny Journal Article Risch, Jean-Paul 1983 Cynops orphicus, a new salamander from Guangdong Province, South China (Amphibia, Caudata, Salamandridae) Alytes 2 2 42-52 sp. nov. new species orientalis cyanurus Journal Article Risch, Jean-Paul 1984 Breve diagnose de Paradactylodon, genre nouveau d'urodele de l'Iran (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae). [Brief diagnosis of Paradactylodon, a new genus of salamander from Iran (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae) Alytes 3 1 44-46 batrachuperus gorganensis onychodactylus Journal Article Rissing, Steven W. 1981 Prey preferences in the desert horned lizard: influece of prey foraging method and aggressive behavior Ecology 62 4 1031-1040 Journal Article Rivero, J. A. 1984 Una nueva especie de Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Cabezon de Antioquia, Colombia Caribbean Journal of Science 20 3-4 101-103 Eleutherodactylus sernai, Anura, description, new species, morphology Journal Article Rivero, J. A. 1984 Sobre las relaciones y el origen de los Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) Andinos de Venezuela Caribbean Journal of Science 20 3-4 139-144 Anura, frog, relationships, evolution, phylogeny, systematics Journal Article Rivero, J. A. 1984 Una nueva especie de Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) cabezon de Antioquia, Colombia Caribbean Journal of Science 20 101-103 Amphibia, Anura, Eleutherodactylus sernai, Colombia Book Robb, Joan 1980 New Zealand Amphibians and Reptiles Auckland Collins 128 + 32 plates Journal Article Roberts, Johnna B.;Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1980 Lipid barrier to water exchange in reptile epidermis Science 207 1077-1079 Book Roberts, Mervin F. 1980 Turtles Neptune, NJ TFH 93 Journal Article Roberts, J. D. 1981 Terrestrial breeding in the Australian Leptodactylid frog Myobatrachus gouldii (Gray) Australian Wildlife Research 8 451-462 Journal Article Roberts, J. D. 1981 Terrestrial breeding in the Australian leptodactylid frog Myobatrachus gouldii (Gray) Australian Wildlife Research 8 451-462 Journal Article Roberts, Norman C. 1982 A preliminary report on the status of chelydidrae, trioncychidae, and testididae in the region of Baja California, Mexico Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 154-161 gopherus agassizii trionyx apalone spiniferus spinifera clemmys marmorata chrysemys scripta trachemys Journal Article Roberts, A.;Clarke., J. D. W. 1982 The neuroanatomy of an amphibian embryo spinal cord Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 296B 195-212 Journal Article Roberts, Johnna B.;Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1983 Lipids and the permeability of epidermis from snakes Journal of Experimental Zoology 228 1-9 Journal Article Roberts, A.;Taylor., J. S. H. 1983 A study of the growth cones of developing embryonic sensory neurites Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 75 31-47 Journal Article Roberts, Bryan 1983/1984 Predation of the Mediterranean beetle Blaps polychresta by the western bluetongue lizard Tiliqua occipitalis Herpetofauna 15 1-2 50 Tiliqua occipitalis Journal Article Roberts, J. D. 1984 Terrestrial egg deposition and direct development in Arenophryne rotunda Tyler, a Myobatrachid frog from Coastal Sand Dunes and Shark Bay, W.A. Australian Wildlife Research 11 191-200 Journal Article Roberts, J. D. 1984 Terrestrial egg deposition and direct development in Arenophryne rotunda Tyler: a myobatrachid frog from coastal sand dunes at Shark Bay, Western Australia Australian Wildlife Research 11 191-200 Journal Article Roberts, J. D.;Maxson, Linda R. ca. 1988 Speciation processes in Southwestern Australian anurans: a critique Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 140 1 295-307 Journal Article Robinson, Denise E.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1982 American Midland Naturalist Food hoarding behavior in the short-tailed shrew Blarina brecicauda 108 2 369-375 Journal Article Robinson, Denise E.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr 1982 Food hoarding behavior in the short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda American Midland Naturalist 108 2 369-375 Journal Article Robinson, Mary E.;Scadding, S. R. 1983 The effect of ph on tricaine methanesulfonate induced anaesthesia of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens Can. J. Zool 61 3 531-533 Amphibia, urodeles, newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, anaesthesia, tricaine methanesulfonate, MS 222, pH Journal Article Robison, Roland 1982 Bureau of Land Management report - Utah: Management for the desert tortoise in Utah Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 78-80 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Rocek, Z. 1980 A contribution to the systematics of european ranid frogs (Amphibia, Ranidae) on the basis of the incrassatio frontoparietalis Vest. Cs. Spolec. Zool. 44 219-229 Amphibia, anura, osteology, morphology, cranial morphology, systematics, phylogenetics, character, relationship, europe, ranidae, raninae Journal Article Rocek, Zbynek 1981 Cranial anatomy of frogs of the family Pelobatidae Stannius, 1856, with outlines of their phylogeny and systematics Acta Universitatis Carolinae- Biologica 1980 1-164 Amphibia, Anura, Pelobates fuscus, Pelobates fuscus insubricus, Pelobates cultripes, Pelobates varaldii, Pelobates syriacus syriacus, Pelobates syriacus balcanicus, Pelobates syriacus boettgeri, Eusthenopteron, Eopelobates leptocolaptus, Macropelobates osborni, Eopelobates bayeri, cranium, morphology, chondrocranial development, osteology, tadpole, systematics, phylogenetics, skull Journal Article Rodrigues, M. T. 1980 Descrição de uma nova especie de Gonatodes da Amazonia (Sauria, Gekkonidae) Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 33 21 309-314 reptiles, lizards, species description, palm, morphology, tapajonicus, tropical Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1980 Descrição de uma nova espécie de Gonatodes da Amazônia (Sauria, Gekkonidae) Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33 21 309-314, 1 plate Gonatodes tapajonicus n. sp. Journal Article Rodrigues, M. T. 1981 Uma nova especie de Tropidurus do Brasil (Sauria, Iguanidae) Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 34 13 145-149 reptiles, lizards, species description, nanuzae, saxicolous, elevation, morphology, Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1981 Uma nova espécie de Tropidurus do Brasil (Sauria, Iguanidae) Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 34 13 145-149 Tropidurus nanuzae sp. nov. Journal Article Rodrigues, H. de Oliveira;Arnaldo Maldonado, Jr. 1982 Ocorrencia de Dero (Allodero) lutzi (Michaelsen, 1926) em Bufo crucifer Weid, 1821 no estado do Rio de Janeiro (Oligochaeta, Naididae) Atlas of the Society of Biology Rio de Janeiro 23 13-15 Oligochaeta, Amphibia, Squamata, Brasil, South America Journal Article Rodrigues, M. T. 1984 Sobre Platynotus Wagler, 1830, pre-ocupado, substitudo por Tapinurus Amaral, 1933, com a descricao de uma nova especie (Sauria, Iguanidae) Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 35 29 367-373 reptiles, lizards, morphology, color, distribution, description, pinima Journal Article Rodrigues, M. T. 1984 Uma nova especie Brasileira de Tropidurus com crista dorsal (Sauria, Iguanidae) Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 35 16 169-175 reptiles, lizards, amathites, Bahia, morphology, distribution, color, distribution Journal Article Rodrigues, M. T. 1984 Nothobachia ablephara: novo genero e especie do nordeste do Brasil (Sauria, Teiidae) Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 35 28 361-366 reptiles, lizards, species, description, distribution, morphology, gymnophthalmidae, Brazil, Pernambuco Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1984 Uma nova espécie Brasileira de Tropidurus com crista dorsal (Sauria, Iguanidae) Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 35 16 169-175 Tropidurus amathites sp. nov. Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1984 Nothobachia ablephara novo gênero e espécie do nordeste do Brasil (Sauria, Teiidae) Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 35 28 361-366 Nothobachia gen. nov. Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1984 Sobre Platynotus wagler, 1830, pré-ocupado, substituido por Tapinurus Amaral, 1933, com a descrição de uma nova espécie (Sauria, Iguanidae) Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 35 29 367-373 Tapinurus pinima sp. nov. Journal Article Rodriguez, G.A. 1984 Bat predation by the Puerto Rican boa, Epicrates inornatus Copeia 1 219-220 Reptilia, serpentes, Puerto Rican boa, Epicrates inornatus, physiology, food, bat Reprint Vet path. spec. anim 85/86 Journal Article Rodriguez, E. M.;Oksche, A.;Hein, S.;Rodriguez, S.;Yulis, R. 1984 Spatial and structural interrelationships between secretory cells of the subcommissural organ and blood vessels An immunocytochemical study Cell Tissue Res 237 3 443-9 Animal; Antigens/analysis; Bufo arenarum; Capillaries/cytology; Comparative Study; Ducks; Female; Fetus; Human; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Infant, Newborn; Mammals; Neurosecretory Systems/*cytology; Pregnancy; Reptiles; Species Specificity; Subcommissural Organ/blood supply/*cytology/secretion; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't In 76 specimens (amphibians, reptilians, mammals) belonging to 25 different vertebrate species, the region of the subcommissural organ (SCO) was investigated with the use of a primary antiserum raised against an extract of bovine Reissner's fiber + the immunoperoxidase procedure according to Sternberger et al. (1970). In the SCO of a toad (Bufo arenarum) and several species of reptiles (lacertilians, ophidians, crocodilians), the ependymal cells were the only type of secretory cell displaying vascular contacts, whereas in mammals ependymal and hypendymal cells established intimate spatial contacts with blood vessels. In Bufo arenarum, but especially in the reptilian species examined, the ependymo-vascular relationship was exerted by a population of ependymal cells having a rather constant location within the SCO and projecting to capillaries that showed a remarkably constant pattern of anatomical distribution. In the SCO of mammals the modality and degree of the structural relationships between secretory cells and blood vessels varied greatly from species to species. In the SCO of the armadillo and dog the secretory tissue was organized as a thick, highly vascularized layer with most of the cells oriented toward the capillaries. A rather opposite situation was found in the SCO of New- and Old-World monkeys, where vascular contacts were restricted to a few ependymal cells. Journal Article Rodriguez Bayona, L.O. , M.K. Rylander 1984 Notes on the biology of the tortoise Geochelone denticulata L. in Peru Amphibia-Reptilia 5 3-4 323-327 Journal Article Rodríguez-Jiménez, A. J. 1984 Fenología del sapo partero ibérico (Alytes cisternasii Boscá. 1879) Alytes 2 9-23 Alytes cisternasii, Male Parental Care, Anura, Discoglossidae Journal Article Roek, Z. 1981 (1980). Cranial anatomy of frogs of the family Pelobatidae Stannius, 1856, with outlines of their phylogeny and systematics Acta Univ. Carolinae Biol. 1980 1-164 Book Section Roeper, N.;Hemley, G. 1984 Crocodile and alligator trade by the United States 1981 Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 122-147 Journal Article Rogers, E. P.;Windsor, R. S. 1982 Gastric impaction in captive crocodiles (Crocodilus niloticus) J S Afr Vet Assoc 53 4 254 *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Case Report; Diet/*adverse effects; Guinea Pigs; Intestinal Obstruction/etiology/*veterinary; *Reptiles Five crocodiles kept in captivity for more than 4 years died within a period of 4 days. A post mortem examination of one showed that it had died from gastric impaction which had resulted from the feeding of guinea pigs. It was thought that the high ratio of hair to flesh in guinea pigs together with daily feeding cause the impaction. Journal Article Rollman-Dinsmore, C.;Bryant, S. V. 1982 Pattern regulation between hind- and forelimbs after blastema exchanges and skin grafts in Notophthalmus viridescens J Exp Zool 223 1 51-6 Amputation; Animal; Female; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Laterality; Male; *Regeneration; Salamandridae; Skin/*transplantation; *Skin Transplantation; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Experiments were performed to ascertain whether cells from the forelimb and the hindlimb of newts share a common pattern-regulating mechanism during regeneration. In one series of experiments early digit hindlimb and forelimb blastemas were exchanged either ipsilaterally or contralaterally. In a second experimental series, a strip of forelimb skin was added to a slit in a homologous site on the hindlimb or in a site 180 degrees removed from the position of origin, and vice versa (hindlimb skin into forelimb). After contralateral blastema exchanges, supernumerary limbs developed in addition to the limb of graft origin, whereas after ipsilateral exchanges, a single limb of graft origin regenerated. Limbs in which skin grafts were inserted into homologous sites developed normal regenerates of the host type, while in contrast, limbs with supernumerary digits regenerated from limbs which had received skin grafts in positions 180 degrees opposite to the homologous position. The results of both experiments were dependent on the positional disparity between the graft and host tissues, and they suggest that the forelimb and hindlimb do indeed utilize a common mechanism for pattern regulation. Book Roman, Benigno 1980 Serpents de Haute-Volta Haute-Volta C. N. R. S. T. Ouagadougou 129 + 1 map Journal Article Rook, P.J. 1983 Match-legs in frogs Streichholzbeinchen bij de kikker Review. Vet. Faculty Utrecht Amphibia, anura, Dendrobatidae, match legs, Muscular underdevelopment Journal Article Roper, S. 1983 Regenerative impulses in taste cells Science 220 4603 1311-2 Action Potentials/drug effects; Animal; Calcium/physiology; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus; Sodium/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste Buds/drug effects/*physiology; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology Taste cells and nongustatory epithelial cells in the isolated lingual mucosa from the mud puppy Necturus maculosus were impaled with microelectrodes. The taste cells, but not surrounding epithelial cells, were electrically excitable when directly stimulated with current passed through the recording electrode. Action potentials produced by taste cells had both a sodium and a calcium component. Journal Article Rose, B. 1981 Factors affecting activity in Sceloporus virgatus Ecology 62 3 706-716 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, survival, territoriality Journal Article Rose, B. 1982 Lizard home ranges: methodology and functions Journal of Herpetology 16 3 253-269 reptiles, distribution, comparative Journal Article Rose, B. 1982 Food intake and reproduction in Anolis acutus Copeia 1982 2 322-330 reptiles, lizards, diet, energy, St. Croix, lipids Journal Article Rose, M. J. 1982 Antagonistic pleiotropy, dominance and genetic variation Heredity 48 63-78 Journal Article Rose, Gary;Capranica, Robert R. 1983 Temporal selectivity in the central auditory system of the leopard frog Science 219 1087-1089 Journal Article Rose, B. 1984 Consequences for fecundity and survival of temporal and spatial variation in aridity: a test of life history models NSF Proposal reptiles, lizards, anolis, reproduction, environment, mark-recapture, survival, Book Section Rose, M. 1984 Crocodile management and husbandry in Papua New Guinea Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 148-164 Journal Article Rosen, D.;Forey, P. L.;Gardiner, B. G.;Patterson, C. 1981 Lungfishes, tetrapods, paleontology, and plesiomorphy Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 167 161-275 Tetrapods, evolution, phylogeny, systematics, amphibians, fishes, ancestors, monophyly, paraphyly Journal Article Rosen, D. E.;P. L. Forey, B. G. Gardiner;Patterson., C. 1981 Lungfishes, tetrapods, paleontology, and plesiomorphology Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 167 163-275 Journal Article Rosenberg, H. I.;Russell, A. P. 1980 Structural and functional aspects of tail squirting: A unique defense mechanism of Diplodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 5 865-881 behavior, liazrds Journal Article Rosenberg, Herbert I.;Russell, Anthony P. 1980 Structural and functional aspects of tail squirting: a unique defense mechanismofDiplodactylus (Reptilia:Gekkonidae) Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 865-881 defense, lizard Journal Article Ross, C.A. 1981 Crocodile in peril Tigerpaper 8 4 19 CNV, conservation, Asia Journal Article Ross, Charles A.;Crumly, Charles R. 1982 A range extension of Geochelone elongata Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 72 2 429-430 Geochelone elongata Journal Article Ross, C.A.;Alcala, A.C. 1983 Distribution and status of the Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) Philipp. J. Biol. (Kalikasan) 12 1-2 169-173 CNV, distribution, conservation, Asia Report Ross, C.A. 1983 Smithsonian Institution/World Wildlife Fund Philippine Crocodile Project, final report Book Section Ross, F.D. and Mayer, G.C. 1983 On the dorsal armor of the Crocodilia Miyata, Rhodin & Adv. in Herpet. & Evol. Biol. 305-331 CROC, anatomy, morphology, fossil Book Ross, Richard;Marzec, Gerald 1984 The Bacterial Diseases of Reptiles: Their Epidemiology, Control, Diagnosis and Treatment Stanford, CA Institute for Herpetological Research 115 + 8 plates Book Section Ross, C.A. 1984 Crocodiles in the Republic of the Philippines Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 84-90 Journal Article Ross, M. D.;Pote, K. G. 1984 Some properties of otoconia Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 304 1121 445-52 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Birds; Comparative Study; Fishes; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Otolithic Membrane/*ultrastructure; Rats; Saccule and Utricle/*ultrastructure; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turtles Otoconia are dynamic mineral deposits present in the gravity receptors of most vertebrates; fishes often have a single large mass called an otolith instead. Otoconia generally have the appearance of single crystals but contain organic and inorganic components, the mineral being almost exclusively a polymorph of calcium carbonate. The two phases are closely interrelated structurally. Ultra-high resolution transmission electron microscopy of rat otoconia showed them to be mosaic biominerals. The crystallites were 50-100 nm in diameter, had some rounded edges, and were highly ordered into laminae. This suggests that crystallite seeding and growth is organic matrix mediated. Crystallite asymmetry may also indicate piezoelectricity. A further finding of similarities in electron beam diffraction patterns obtained from some frog and rat otoconia could mean that the calcite of mammalian units mimics aragonite. A comparative study showed that turtles, which are close to the stem line for mammals, had calcite-type otoconia in the utricle. Alligators, which share a common ancestry with birds, had this type otoconium in all three gravity receptors, although saccular otoconia had a variety of forms. The nature of the mineral is unknown. The biochemical composition of the organic otoconial material is under study, to learn how mineral deposition is regulated. Proteins of rat otoconial complexes ranged between ca. 16500 and over 100000 Da in molecular mass and were similar in saccular and utricular otoconial complexes. Our new analysis of the amino acid composition of the complexes by high performance liquid chromatography showed the complexes to be high in the acidic and low in the basic amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Ross, J.P. 1984 Adult sex ratio in the green sea turtle Copiea 1984 3 774-776 sex ratio/green Book Ross, Richard;Marzec, Gerald 1984 (1990) The Bacterial Diseases of Reptiles: Their Epidemiology, Control, Diagnosis and Treatment Stanford, CA Institute for Herpetological Research 117 + 8 plates Journal Article Rosskopf, Walter J., Jr 1980 Normal values for hemogram and serum chemistry in the California desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 100-101 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Rosskopf, W. J. 1980 Normal values for hemogram and serum chemistry in the California desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii Proc. Desert Tortoise Counc testu,physiol,chem,vet PF x Journal Article Rosskopf, Walter J., Jr.;Howard, Edwin;Gendron, A. P.;Walder, Emily;Britt, James O., Jr 1981 Mortality studies on Gopherus agassizi and Gopherus berlandieri tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 108-112 Gopherus agassizii Conference Proceedings Rosskopf, W.J.;Howard, E.;Gendron, A.P. ;Walder, E.;Britt, J.O. 1981 Mortality studies on Gopherus agassizii and Gopherus berlandieri tortoises 1 Journal Article Rosskopf, W.;J;and, R.;W.;Woerpel 1982 The use of hematologic testing in diagnostic medicine: An introduction Chelonian Documentation Center Newsletter 1 2 30-34 testu,vet,chem Fernl x Journal Article Rosskopf, W. J.;Woerpel, R.W.;Fudge, A;Pitts, B.J.;Whittaker, D. 1982 Venipuncture sites in snakes Vet. Med. small Anim. Clin. 1982 820-821 Reptilia, serpentes, snake, technique, venipuncture, blood, collecting vet,serp,meth WI x Journal Article Rosskopf, W. J. 1982 Normal hemogram and blood chemistry values for California desert tortoises Vet. Med. small Anim. Clin. 1982 1376-1378 Reptilia, testudines, California desert tortoise, blood, values, chemistry Journal Article Rosskopf, W.J.;R.W., Woerpel;S., Yanoff 1982 Severe shell deformity caused by a deficinet diet in a californian desert tortoise VET.MED.&.SMALL.ANIM.CLIN 77 4 593-594 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, nutrition, disease, osteodystrophia, deficiency Journal Article Rosskopf, J.W., Jr., A.P. Gendron 1982 Granulocytic (Myeloblastic) Leukemia in a Texas tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri) Chelonian Documentation Centre Newsletter 1 3 40-42 Journal Article Rosskopf, W.J.;R.W.;Woerpel;S.;Yanoff 1982 Severe shell deformity caused by a deficinet diet in a californian desert tortoise VET.MED.&.SMALL.ANIM.CLIN 77 4 593-594 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, nutrition, disease, osteodystrophia, deficiency Journal Article Rosskopf, Walter J., Jr;Woerpel, Richard W.;Pitts, Bonnie J.;Rosskopf, Georgia A. 1983 Abdominal surgey in turtles and tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 126-130 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Rosskopf, W.;J;and, R.;W.;Woerpel 1983 Response to medical treatment in a critically ill Texas tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 1983 95 95-99 testu,vet,chem PF x Journal Article Rosskopf W.J. e.a. 1983 Diagnostic techniques and therapy used in clinical practice with psittacine birds AAZV 24-27 126-133 bacteriology,antibiotic sensitivity testing,/fungal and yeast problems, mycoplasma sp. problems 160590 MDL DGB papegaaien 60 Journal Article Rossman, D. A.;Erwin, R. L. 1980 Geographic variation in the snake Storeria occipitomaculata (Storer)(Serpentes: Colubridae) in Southeastern United States Brimleyana 4 95-102 taxonomy, reptiles, relationships Journal Article Rossman, Charles E. 1980 Ontogenetic changes in skull proportions of the diamondback water snake, Nerodia rhombifera Herpetologica 36 1 42-46 Journal Article Rossman, N. J.;Rossman, D. A.;Keith, N. K. 1982 Comparative visceral topography of the new world snake tribe Thamnophiini (Colubridae, Natricinae) Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 23 2 123-164 taxonomy, reptiles, relationships, morphology, anatomy Journal Article Rossman, Nita J.;Rossman, Douglas A.;Keith, Nancy K. 1983 Comparative visceral topography of the New World snake tribe Thamnophiini (Colubridae, Natricinae) Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 23 2 123-164 Journal Article Roth, J.J.;Gern, W.A.;Roth, E.C.;Ralph, C.L.;Jacobson, E. 1980 Nonpineal melatonin in the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Science 210 4469 548-550 AM, biochemistry, physiology, All living and most fossil representatives of the reptilian subclass Archosauria lack pineal bodies. Arrhythmic, low-level, nonpineal melatonin is present, however, in the blood of Alligator mississippiensis. Although pineal bodies have been implicated in circadian phenomena, these results suggest that arrhytmic melatonin in alligators may not be involved incircadian events and indicate that the pineal is not the only source of the hormone melatonin. The evolutionary loss of the pineal in Archosauria occurred during the Mesozoic, and era noted for its seasonal stability. Arrhythmic melatonin titers inalligators and pineal loss in alligators and other archosaurs may be related to Mesozoic seasonal stability. Journal Article Roth, Jan J.;Gern, William A.;Roth, E. Carol;Ralph, Charles L.;Jacobson, Elliott R. 1980 Nonpineal melatonin in the Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Science 210 469 548-550 Journal Article Roth, Gerhard;Wake, David B.;Wake, Marvalee H.;Rettig, Georg 1984 Distribution of accessory and hypoglossal nerves in the hindbrain and spinal cord of lungless salamanders, family Plethodontidae Neuroscience Letters 44 53-57 Journal Article Rothfuchs, G. 1982 Forced feeding in snakes by catheter and egg (germ.) Die Zwangsernährung bei Schlangen mittels Sonde und Hühnerei Herpetofauna 4 21 31-34 Reptilia, serpentes, nutrition, force feeding, technique vet,vit,serp WI x Journal Article Rouppert, Roger 1984 La fête de la grenouille de Sierck-les-Bains (Moselle). [The feast of the frogs in Sierck-les Bains (Moselle)] Alytes 3 4 139-141 frog legs amphibian decline france Journal Article Roux-Esteve, Rolande 1982 Les spécimens-types du genre, Micrurus (Elapidae) conservés au Muséum National d'histoire naturelle de Paris Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 79-94 Journal Article Roux-Estève, Rolande 1980 Une nouvelle espèce de Typhlopidae (Serpentes) du Centre-est de madagascar: Typhlops domerguei Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris 2 1 321-323 Typhlops domerguei n. sp. Journal Article Rowlands, R. P. V. 1983/1984 Notes on mityes of the family Uropodidae using a skink as a means of dispersal Herpetofauna 15 1-2 26 Cyclodina aenea; Mites Journal Article Rowley, Frank 1981 State Report - Utah Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 94-95 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Rowley, Frank 1983 State Report - Utah Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 40-41 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Rowley, Frank 1984 State Report - Utah Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 32-33 Journal Article Roze, Janis A. 1982 New World Coral snakes (Elapidae): A taxonomic and Biological Summary Memórias do Instito Butantan 46 305-338 Journal Article Roze, Janis A. 1982 New World coral snakes (Elapidae): A taxonomic and biological summary Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 305-338 Journal Article Roze, Janis A.;Tilger, Grace M. 1983 Micrurus fulvius Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 316 1-4 Journal Article Ruben, L. N.;Rieschel, G. E. 1981 Hapten-specific, carrier dependent cells in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Dev Comp Immunol 5 3 513-8 Animal; Antibody-Producing Cells/immunology; B-Lymphocytes/immunology; Carrier Proteins/*immunology; *Haptens; Horses; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology; Mice; Salamandridae/*immunology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Trinitrobenzenes/immunology Journal Article Ruben, L. N.;Stack, J. 1982 Limitations in response capacity of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, to soluble and particulate antigens Dev Comp Immunol 6 3 491-8 Animal; Antibody-Producing Cells/drug effects/*immunology; Antigens/administration & dosage/classification/*immunology; Dextrans/immunology; Erythrocytes/immunology; Graphite/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Hemocyanin/administration & dosage/immunology; Horses; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology; Notophthalmus viridescens/*immunology; Phagocytosis; Salamandridae/*immunology; Solubility; Spleen/cytology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Trinitrobenzenes/immunology We have investigated the cellular basis of the failure of primitive extant vertebrates, e.g. Notophthalmus viridescens, the American common newt, to respond to soluble thymus-dependent (TD) antigens, e.g. keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). We have found that KLH can be used to prime for amplification of a response to hapten, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) when it is conjugated to KLH, only if both the unconjugated and conjugated KLH are adsorbed onto bentonite particles. The response is monitored in terms of antigen binding cells in the spleen. Moreover, prior injection of colloidal carbon, which is actively engulfed by phagocytes throughout the body, will prevent the response from taking place. Injection of colloidal carbon diminished responses to heterologous erythrocytes and to soluble or bentonite-coated 2,4- dinitrophenylated (DNP) dextran. Comparable colloidal carbon treatment did not reduce response levels to either soluble or bentonite adsorbed TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli. We suggest that the limitation in response capacity to soluble TD antigens may be associated with regulatory phagocytes. Moreover, the phagocytic cells of this primitive vertebrate appear to mediate responses to naturally particulate TD antigens and certain thymus-independent (TI) carriers, e.g. dextran, but not to LPS. Journal Article Ruben, J. A.;Geddes, C. 1983 Some morphological correlates of striking in snakes Copeia 1983 1 221-225 Reptiles, snakes, morphology, comparative, muscles, fang length, functional Journal Article Ruben, John A. 1983 Mineralization and excercise physiology of snakes American Zoologist 23 377-381 Journal Article Ruben, John A. 1983 Mineralized tissues and exercise physiology of snakes American Zoologist 23 377-381 Journal Article Ruben, L. N. 1983 Hapten, carrier recognition and response by immunocytes of the primitive vertebrate, Notophthalmus viridescens Immunol Lett 6 1 25-7 Animal; Antibody Formation; Carrier Proteins/immunology; Erythrocytes/*immunology; Haptens/immunology; Nitrobenzenes/*immunology; Notophthalmus viridescens/*immunology; Salamandridae/*immunology; Spleen/cytology/*immunology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Trinitrobenzenes/*immunology These experiments were designed to test whether newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) immunocytes are able to recognize the hapten, 2,4,6- trinitrophenyl (TNP), separately from a heterologous erythrocyte (RBC) carrier. While a single priming injection with an erythrocyte species which is unrelated to the carrier of the TNP fails to stimulate amplification of the anti-TNP response, sequential (2X) priming provides about 50% as much amplification as a single priming injection of RBC homologous with the carrier. The anti-carrier response is not increased by sequential priming with the unrelated RBC. Moreover, sequential priming with RBC homologous with the carrier species initiates a suppression of the anti-hapten response without affecting anti-carrier activity levels. Thus the recognition and regulation of responses to a hapten and its carrier may be unlinked in this species. Journal Article Ruben, L. N. 1983 IgM memory: long lived hapten-specific memory in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Immunology 48 2 385-92 Animal; Carbon/pharmacology; Cyclosporins/pharmacology; Erythrocytes/immunology; Haptens/*immunology; IgM/*biosynthesis; *Immunologic Memory/drug effects; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology; Notophthalmus viridescens; Spleen/immunology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Trinitrobenzenes/immunology Journal Article Rubin, D. I.;Mendell., L. M. 1980 Location of motoneurons supplying individual muscles in normal and grafted supernumerary limbs of Xenopus laevis Journal of Comparative Neurology 192 703-715 Book Section Ruby, D. E. 1981 Phenotypic correlates of male reproductive success in the lizard, Sceloporus jarrovi Tinkle, R. D. Alexander and D. W. Natural selection and social behavior New York Chiron Press 96-107 Reptiles, lizards, phenotypes, reproduction, montane, cycles, Arizona, altitude, evolution, mating success, morphology Journal Article Ruby, D. E.;Dunham, A. E. 1984 A population analysis of the ovoviviparous lizard Sceloporus jarrovi in the Pinaleno mountains of southeastern Arizona Herpetologica 40 4 425-436 reptiles, population density, demography, growth Journal Article Ruckdeschel, C.;Zug, G. R. 1982 Mortality of sea turtles Caretta caretta in coastal waters of Georgia Biological Conservation 22 5-9 reptiles, turtles, conservation, Journal Article Ruckel, S.W.;Steele, G.W. 1984 Alligator nesting ecology in two habitats in southern Georgia Ann. Conf. Southeast Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agen. 38 212-221 AM, nest, habitat, GA Journal Article Rucknagel, K. P.;Reischl, E.;Braunitzer, G. 1984 [Hemoglobins of reptiles. Expression of alpha-D-genes in the turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii and Phrynops hilarii (Testudines)] Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 365 10 1163-71 The hemoglobins of two turtles (Testudines)--Chrysemys picta bellii (suborder Cryptodira) and Phrynops hilarii (suborder Pleurodira)--were investigated. In both specimens we found two hemoglobin components with two distinct alpha-chains. The alpha-chains of the component HbD of Chrysemys picta bellii and of the component CII of Phyrynops hilarii belong to the alpha D-type, which has so far been reported to occur only in birds. The complete amino-acid sequences of both alpha D-chains are presented. Our further investigations on hemoglobins of other reptiles (Crocodilia, Lacertilia, Serpentes) did not give any evidence for the expression of alpha D-globin genes in the species examined. These findings are discussed with especial reference to the physiology of respiration. It is supposed that alpha D-genes were of certain significance in earlier times. There are findings suggesting that alpha D-genes are embryonic genes with persistent expression in many adult birds and turtles. Journal Article Rudloe, Jack 1982 Master of the lake Audubon 84 4 5-9 alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Rudolf, J. C.;Skuk, G.;Gudynas, E. 1983 El arribo ed culebas del genero Helicops Wagler, Transportadas por camalotes, a las costas de Uruguay Resumos 25 47-48 reptiles, snakes, distribution, introduction Journal Article Rueda, J. V.;Lynch, J. D. 1983 Una nueva especie de Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) para la Cordellera Oriental de Colombia Lozania, Acta Zoologica Colombiana 42 November 30 1-6 new species, Amphibia, bicolor, description, Anura, frog Journal Article Ruibal, R.;Shoemaker, V. 1984 Osteoderms in anurans Journal of Herpetology 18 3 313-328 Amphibia, Anura, dermal ossifications, dermis, evolution Journal Article Ruibal, Rodolfo;Shoemaker, Vaughan 1984 Osteoderms in Anurans Journal of Herpetology 18 313-328 Amphibia, anura, skin, osteoderms, Phyllomedusa bicolor, phyllomedusa vaillanti, Gastrotheca weilandii, Megophrys nasuta, Hylactophryne augusti, Lepidobatrachus, Ceratophrys, Brachycephalus Journal Article Ruiz, J.M.;E. Arteaga, J. Martinez, E.M. Rubio, J.M. Torres 1980 Cutaneous and renal geotrichosis in a giant tortoise (Geochelone elephantopus) Sabourandia 18 1 51-59 Journal Article Ruiz Garcia, Fernando N. 1980 La larva de Bufo longinasus (Stejneger) (Amphibia: Bufonidae) en el laboratorio Poeyana 207 1-8 Journal Article Ruiz Garcia, F. N. 1980 La larva de Bufo longinasus (Stejneger)(Amphibia: Bufonidae) en el laboratorio Poeyana 207 1-8 Journal Article Ruiz-C., P. M.;Lynch, J. D. 1982 Dos nuevas especies de Hyla (Amphibia: Anura) de Colombia, con aportes al conocimiento de Hyla bogotensis Caldasia 13 64 647-669 new species, frog, tadpoles, larvae, piceigularis, morphology, sarampiona, description Journal Article Rummler, G. ;Covian, M.R. 1982 Variations in the ingestive behaviour of the tortoise Geochelone carbonaria on a protein- or carbohydrate-rich diet with relation to seasonal influence and sectioning of olfactory nerves Brazilian J. Med. Biol. Res. 15 2/3 201 (abstract) Reptilia, testudines, Geochelone carbonaria, nutrition, digestion, Journal Article Rummler, G.;Covian, M.R. 1984 Effects of olfactory differation on the heart rate of tortoises Brazilian J. Med.Biol. Res. 16 5-6 472 Journal Article Ruppert, R. M. 1980 Comparative assimilation effeciencies of two lizards Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 491-496 Reptiles, lizards, Crotaphytus, Sauromalus, food, digestion, herbivory, body mass, ecology Journal Article Ruppert, Ron M. 1980 Comparative assimilation efficiencies of two lizards Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 491-496 crotaphytus collaris sauromalus obesus Journal Article Rush, M. S.;Royal, S. M.;Fleharty, E. D. 1982 New county records and habitat preferences of amphibians and reptiles from the Sandsage Prairie of Finney County, Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 85 165 habitat, amphibians, reptiles Journal Article Russell, Anthony P. 1980 Underwoodisaurus Wermuth*1965, a Junior Synonym of Phylluris Schinz*1822 Journal of Herpetology 14 4 415-416 terminology Journal Article Russell, Anthony P. 1980 Underwoodisaurus Wermuth 1965, a junior synonym of Phyllurus Schinz 1822 Journal of Herpetology 14 4 415-416 Journal Article Russell, A. P.;Rosenberg, H. I. 1981 Self-grooming in Diplodactylus spinigerus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), with a brief review of such behavior in reptiles Canadian Journal of Zoology 59 3 564-566 behavior, liazrds, Journal Article Russell, Anthony P.;Rosenberg, Herbert I. 1981 Self-grooming in Diplodactylus spinigerus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), with a brief review of such behaviour in reptiles Canadian Journal of Zoology 59 3 564-566 Journal Article Russell, L. D.;Brandon, R. A.;Zalisko, E. J.;Martan, J. 1981 Spermatophores of the salamander Ambystoma texanum Tissue Cell 13 3 609-21 Ambystoma; Animal; Lipids/analysis; Male; Proteins/analysis; RNA/analysis; Spermatogonia/*cytology/ultrastructure; Spermatozoa/*cytology; Staining Living spermatozoa were observed in freshly deposited spermatophores and in fluid from vasa deferentia. In the distal, but not proximal, vas deferens spermatozoa moved together in whorls with heads and tails in alignment. Around the entire periphery of the spermatophore cap, similar slowly undulating groups of spermatozoa had their heads aligned and directed outward. Over time, some individual spermatozoa left the cap of the spermatophore and moved into the surrounding water (cap deterioration). Microscopical observations were made on spermatophore squashes and paraffin sections of spermatophores and vasa deferentia. Spermatozoa around the periphery of the cap were underlain by a PAS- positive membrane-like material. Cytoplasmic droplets, which were attached to spermatozoan necks in the vas deferens, were accumulated in the center of the spermatophore cap deep to the PAS-positive membrane. Spermatophore stalks were strongly PAS and Alcian blue positive and showed positive reaction for RNA. Tests for lipids and proteins were negative in the whole spermatophore. Electron microscopic observations showed the stalk of the spermatophore to be composed of rounded 'balls' of fibrous material. At the juncture of the stalk and cap a less dense fibrous material impacted the stalk enclosing many sperm tails and some heads and, although no attachment devices were visualized, the sperm were closely apposed to this material as was the spermatophore stalk. This finely filamentous material encircled the cap and was more prominent in some regions than others. The PAS-positive material detected with the light microscope was also observed with the electron microscope. It was circumferentially oriented and was composed of 200 A packed filamentous densities. Sperm heads and tails were found lying external to the membrane, whereas only tails and cytoplasmic droplets occupied the core of the spermatophore. Cytoplasmic droplets were usually free of the sperm tail and contained membranous sacs and two types of nuage material. Journal Article Russell, L. D.;R. A. Brandon, E. J. Zalisko;Martan., J. 1981 Spermatophores of the salamander Ambystoma texanum Tissue & Cell 13 609-621 Journal Article Russell, Findlay E.;Bogert, Charles M. 1981 Gila monster: its biology, venom and bite: a review Toxicon 19 3 341-359 Journal Article Russell, Findlay E.;Bogert, Charles M. 1981 Gila monster: Its biology, venom and bite - A review Toxicon 19 3 341-359 Journal Article Russell, Dale A. 1982 The mass extinctions of the Late Mesozoic Scientific American 246 1 58-65 Book Russell, Findlay E. 1983 Snake Venom Poisoning Great Neck, NY Scholium International 562 Venomous snakes; Snakebite Book Section Russell, Findlay E. 1984 Snake venoms Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 469-480 Journal Article Rüedi, D.;Heldstab, A.;Völlm, J;Iff, U. 1981 New methods of sex determination in chelonians. Neue Methoden zur Geschlechtsbestimmung bei Schildkröten Tierärztl. Praxis 1981 265-271 Reptilia, testudines, physiology, sex determination, estrogens testu,zucht,vet Fernl x Journal Article Ryan, Michael 1980 Female mate choice in a neotropical frog Science 209 523-525 Anura, Leptodactylidae, Physalaemus pustulosus, female mate choice, calling, playback experiments, C. America, Panama, 252 Journal Article Ryan, Michael J. 1980 The reproductive behavior of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) Copeia 1980 1 108-114 Journal Article Ryan, Michael J. 1980 Female mate choice in a neotropical frog Science 209 523-525 Journal Article Ryan, Michael J.;Tuttle, Melin D.;Taft, Lucinda K. 1981 Cost and benefits of frog chorusing behavior Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8 273-278 Anura, Leptodactylidae, Physalaemus pustulosus, calling, predation rates, predation risk, reproductive strategies, chorus size, C. America, Panama, 111 Journal Article Ryan, Michael;Bartholomew, George A.;Rand, A. Stanley 1981 Energetics of reproduction in a neotropical frog, Physalaemus pustulosus Ecology 64 6 1456-1462 Anura, Leptodactylidae, Physalaemus pustulosus, aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, predation risks, reproductive behavior, reproductive energetics, C. America, Panama, 110 Journal Article Ryan, M.J.;Whitney, G.D. 1981 Malignant Chromatophoroma in a gopher snake. Vet. path. 18 827-829 Reptilia, serpentes, gopher snake, pathology, tumor, chromatophoroma Journal Article Ryan, Michael J.;Tuttle, Merlin D.;Taft, Lucinda K. 1981 The costs and benefits of frog chorusing behavior Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8 273-278 mating Book Section Ryan, Michael J. 1982 Variation in Iguanine social organization: mating systems in chuckwallas (Sauromalus) Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 380-390 Journal Article Ryan, M. J.;Tuttle, M. D.;Rand, A. S. 1982 Bat predation and sexual advertisement in a neotropical anura American Naturalist 119 136-139 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, evolution, Leptodactylidae, natural selection, phonotaxis, predation, sexual selection, Journal Article Ryan, M. J. 1983 Sexual selection and communication in a neotropical frog, Physalaemus pustulosus Evolution 37 2 261-272 Amphibia, Anura, reproduction, mating, female choice, calling, vocalization, mate choice Journal Article Ryan, Michael;Bartholomew, George A.;Rand, A. Stanley 1983 Energetics of reproduction in a neotropical frog, Physalaemus pustulosus Ecology 64 6 1456-1462 Anura, Leptodactylidae, Physalaemus pustulosus, aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism, predation risks, reproductive behavior, reproductive energetics, C. America, Panama, 110 Journal Article Ryan, Michael J.;Bartholomew, George A.;Rand, Stanley A. 1983 Energetics of reproduction in a neotropical frog Physalaemus pustulosus Ecology 64 6 1456-1462 Physalaemus pustulosus, Leptodactylidae, Amphibia, Anura, energetics, Journal Article Ryer, K. A. 1983 Urinary calculi in a green iguana Vet. Med. small Anim. Clin. 78 4 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana, pathology, stone, urinary bladder echsen,chem,vet Fernl x Journal Article Ryuzaki, M 1981 Studies on lipids in anurans I. Changes in the composition of four kinds of lipids during development in Rana nigromaculata Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 167-183 Journal Article Ryuzaki, M 1981 Studies on lipids in anurans II. Positional distribution of fatty acids in phosphatidyl choline during early development in Rana nigromaculata and Bufo japonicus Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 5 185-193 Book Ryzhikov, K. M.;Sharpilo, V. P.;Shevchenko, N. N. 1980 Helminths of the Amphibians of the USSR's fauna Moscow Nauka 278 Journal Article Saad, A.H.;al., et 1984 Effect of hydrocortisone on immune system of the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus. II. Different action on T and B lymphocytes Devel. & Comp. Immunol. 8 835-844 Reptilia, sauria, Calcides ocellatus, pathology, stress, immune system, cortisone Journal Article Sabath, Michael D. 1981 Gekkonid lizards of Guam, Mariana Islands: reproduction and habitat preference Journal of Herpetology 15 1 71-75 Journal Article Sabnis, J. H.;Kuthe., K. S. M. 1980 Observations on food and growth of Bufo melanostictus tadpole Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77 21-25 Book Section Sachsse, Walter 1983 Pathological conditions typical for Chelonians Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 55-58 Book Section Sachsse, Walter 1983 Inheritance and environment as causes for teratogenesis in amphibians and reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 197-205 Journal Article Sachsse, W. 1983 Inheritance and environment as causes for teratogenesis in amphibians and reptiles In: Vago vet,zucht WI x Journal Article Sachsse, W. 1983 Pathological conditions typical for chelonians In: Vago testu,vet WI x Journal Article Sachsse, Walter 1984 Long term studies of the reproduction of Malaclemys terrapin centrata Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 297-308 Journal Article Sackin, H.;Boulpaep, E. L. 1981 Isolated perfused salamander proximal tubule. II. Monovalent ion replacement and rheogenic transport Am J Physiol 241 5 F540-55 Animal; Biological Transport, Active; Cations, Monovalent; Chlorides/pharmacology; Cyclamates/pharmacology; Epithelium/physiology; In Vitro; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*physiology; Kinetics; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Models, Biological; Perfusion; Potassium/metabolism; Sodium/pharmacology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Thermodynamics; Urodela/*physiology Early proximal tubules of the salamander kidney (Ambystoma tigrinum) were isolated and perfused in vitro. Transepithelial and basolateral electrical potential differences, transepithelial resistances, and intracellular ionic activities were measured during removal of Na+, K+, or Cl- from the lumen, the bath, or both lumen and bath. The effects of these external ionic replacements are interpreted in terms of an equivalent circuit that represents the renal epithelium as a network of passive ionic resistances, ionic diffusion potentials, and active transport current sources. Results indicate that rheogenic transport across the basolateral membrane is substantially diminished by removal of Na+ from either lumen or bath or by removal of K+ from the bath. On the other hand, bilateral chloride removal produces an increase in transepithelial resistance but almost no change in the calculated rate of basolateral rheogenic transport. This suggests that the source of the basolateral rheogenic ion flux ia a Na-K-ATPae that actively transports an excess of outward Na+ over inward K+. Journal Article Sackin, H.;Boulpaep, E. L. 1981 Isolated perfused salamander proximal tubule: methods, electrophysiology, and transport Am J Physiol 241 1 F39-52 Ambystoma; Animal; Biological Transport; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Female; In Vitro; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*physiology; Larva/physiology; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Perfusion; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Techniques are presented for the isolation and perfusion of renal proximal tubules from the neotenic salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. Methods are described for a determination of normal values for fluid transport and electrophysiological parameters. Stable cellular microelectrode recordings are reported that constitute the first intracellular measurements in an isolated perfused tubule preparation. With identical solutions in lumen and bath, fluid reabsorption averaged 0.28 nl.min-1.mm-1, transepithelial potential difference averaged -4.5 mV, transepithelial resistance was 52.1 omega.cm2, and the transepithelial chloride-to-sodium transference number ratio was 3.4. The basolateral cell membrane potential difference averaged -59.6 mV, and the ratio of apical-to-basolateral cell membrane resistance was between 3.9 and 5. Viability of the isolated perfused salamander proximal tubule preparation is demonstrated by a detailed comparison of the present data with results of in vivo micropuncture experiments on both Necturus and intact Ambystoma kidneys. In addition to being an advantageous preparation for long-term intracellular recordings, the Ambystoma kidney is unique in that proximal tubules can be studied both in isolation and by conventional micropuncture. Journal Article Sadler, Ross A. 1984 A new Australian scincid lizard, Menetia concinna, from the Alligator Rivers region, Northern Territory Records of the Australian Museum 36 2 45-50 nov. sp. taxonomy maini greyi alanae key Journal Article Sadlier, R. A. 1984 A new Australian scincid lizard, Menetia concinna, from the Alligator Rivers region, Northern Territory Records of the Australian Museum 36 45-49 repiles, description, morphology, taxonomy, distribution, habitats Journal Article Sage, R. D.;Prager, E. M.;Wake, D. B. 1982 A creatceous divergence time between pelobatid frogs (Pelobates and Scaphiopus): immunological studiesof serum albumin Journal of Zoology, London 198 481-494 amphibian, relationships, evolution, biogeography, Journal Article Sage, Richard D.;Prager, Ellen M.;Wake, David B. 1982 A Cretaceous divergence time between pelobatid frogs (Pelobates and Scaphiopus): immunological studies of serum albumin Journal of Zoology, London 198 481-494 Journal Article Sage, R.;Praeger, E. M.;Wake, D. B. 1982 A Cretaceous divergence time between pelobatid frogs (Pelobates and Scaphiopus): Immunological studies of serum albumin Journal of Zoology, London 198 481-494 Amphibia, Anura, Pelobates, Scaphiopus, Genetic variation, technique, electrophoresis, statistics, immunology Journal Article Saha, S. G. 1981 Snakebite data from West Bengal Hamadryad 6 3 3-4 Snakebite Journal Article Saha, Bikash Kanti 1982 Striped keelback hatchling size Hamadryad 7 3 15 Amphiesma stolata Journal Article Saha, Bikash K. 1982 snakes of the Sunderbans (24 paraganas, West Bengal) Hamadryad 7 2 1 Journal Article Saha, S. G. 1983 Statistics of Shu Las' snake service in 1981 Hamadryad 8 1 15 Journal Article Saha, S. K. 1983 Snake worship and rain gods Hamadryad 8 2 5 Journal Article Saha, B. K. 1983 More on common and banded kraits in West Bengal Hamadryad 8 2 4-5 Bungarus caeruleus; Bungarus fasciatus Journal Article Saha, S. G. 1983 An interesting snakebite case report Hamadryad 8 3 7-8 Journal Article Saha, B. K. 1983 Python eats Mango Hamadryad 8 3 10 Journal Article Saha, Bikash Kanti 1983 Bengal myths about lizards Hamadryad 8 1 19 Journal Article Saha, S. G. 1983 Notes on snakebite in West Bengal Hamadryad 8 1 25-27 Snakebite Journal Article Saha, B. K. 1983 Notes on the dog-faced watersnake Hamadryad 8 2 4 Cerberus Journal Article Saha, Santi Gopal 1984 Effect of betnesol injection in poisonous snake bite cases Hamadryad 9 1 12 Snakebite Journal Article Saha, B. K. 1984 A step toward snake conservation: The "Lokbihnan Prasan Samity" in West Bengal Hamadryad 9 1 11 Journal Article Saha, B. K. 1984 Frog legs - a cottage industry Hamadryad 9 1 22 Journal Article Saha, S. G. 1984 Snakebite Hamadryad 9 1 14-18 Snakebite Journal Article Saha, S. G. 1984 A pathetic case report Hamadryad 9 1 12-13 Snakebite Journal Article Saha, Bikash Kanti 1984 Spiny-tailed lizard oil Hamadryad 9 2 19 Journal Article Saha, B. K. 1984 Notes from B. K. Saha Hamadryad 9 3 4-6 Journal Article Saha, S. G. 1984 Snakebite notes Hamadryad 9 3 6 Snakebite Journal Article Saidapur, S. K. 1983 Patterns of testicular activity in Indian amphibians Indian Rev. Life Sci. 3 157-184 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert 1980 Thermoregulation in reptiles with special reference to the tuatara and its ecophysiology Tuatara 24 2 59-80 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert;Bradshaw, S. Donald 1981 Donnés histophysiologiques sur l'hypophyse de Tiliqua rugosa (Reptilia: Scincidae) et notamment la signification fonctionelle des cellules gamma [Histophysiology of the pars distalis of Tiliqua rugosa (Reptilia: Scincidae) and the role of the gamma cells] Archives d'Anatomie Microscopique et de Morphologie Expeerimentale 70 2 129-140 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert 1981 Quelques observations sur la dispersion des nouveau-nés chez Vipera berus et Vipera aspis dans le bocage atlantique (reptilia: Viperidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 2 269-272 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert;Naulleau, Guy 1981 Poids des nouveau-nes et strategies reproductrices des vipers Europeennes Rev. Ecol. (Terre et Vie) 35 597-616 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert;Rice, G. E.;Bradshaw, S. D. 1981 Histologie comparée et ultrastructure de la glande nasale externe de quelques Varanidae (Reptilia: Lacertilia) Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, paris 13 3 15-21 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert;Bradshaw, S. Donald 1981 Preliminary observations of behavioural thermoregulation in an elapid snake, the dugite, Pseudonaja affinis Gunther Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 64 1 13-16 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert 1982 Histologie comparée des glandes orbitaires des Lépidosauriens [Comparative histology of the oribital glands of Lepidosauria] Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, Paris 4 171-191 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert 1982 Remarques générales sur la biogéographie des reptiles Méditerranéens P. Cent. pir. Biol. exp. 13 111-115 Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert 1983 Régime et rations alimentaires des serpents Bulletin de la société Zoologique de France 108 3 431-437 Journal Article Saint-Girons, H.;Bell, B. D.;Newman, D. G. 1980 Observations on the activity and thermoregulation of the tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus (Reptilia: Rhynchocephalia), on Stephens Island New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 551-586 reptiles, activity, thermal, temperature, Journal Article Saint-Girons, H. 1980 Biogeographie et evolution des viperes europeennes C. R. Soc. Biogeogr. 496 146-172 reptiles, biogeography, snakes, evolution, europe Journal Article Saint-Girons, H. 1980 Thermoregulation in reptiles with special reference to the tuatara and its ecophysiology Tuatara 24 2 59-80 temperature, thermal, snakes Journal Article Saint-Girons, H. 1980 Modifications selectives du regime des viperes (Reptilia: Viperidae) lors de la croissance Amphibia-Reptilia 1 127-136 reptiles, snakes, diet, food, lizards, Journal Article Saint-Girons, H. 1981 Quelques observations sur la dispersion des nouveau-nes chez Vipera berus et Vipera aspis dans le bocage atlantique (Reptilia: Viperidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 2 269-272 reptiles, snakes, movement, dispersal, Journal Article Saint-Girons, H.;Naulleau, G. 1981 Poids des nouveau-nes et strategies reproductrices des viperes europeennes Rev. Ecol. (Terre et Vie) 35 597-616 reptiles, reproduction, snakes, Journal Article Saint-Girons, H. 1981 Cycle annuel et survie de quelques viperes d'europe: influence des temperatures exceptionnellement elevees de l'annee 1976 Vit et Milieu 31 1 59-64 reptiles, snakes, cycle, activity, survivorship Journal Article Saint-Girons, H. 1982 Reproductive cycles of male snakes and their relationships with climate and female reproductive cycles Herpetologica 38 1 5-16 reptiles, Journal Article Saint-Girons, H. 1984 Les cycles sexuels des lezards males et leurs rapports avec le climat et les cycles reproducteurs des femelles Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris 6 221-243 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, climate, Journal Article Sajdak, Richard A.;Nickerson, Max A.;Henderson, Robert W.;Mofett, Mark W. 1980 Notes on the movements of Basiliscus plumifrons (Sauria: Iguanidae) in Costa Rica Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 36 1-8 Journal Article Salvador, Alfredo 1980 Interaction between the Baelearic lizard (Podacris lilfordi) and Eleonora's Falcon(Falcoeleonorae) Journal of Herpetology 14 1 101 interspecific, bird Journal Article Salvador, Alfredo 1982 A revision of the lizards of the genus Acanthodactylus (Sauria: Lacertidae) Bonner Zoologische Monographien 16 1-167 Systematics; Key; Acanthodactylus; Acanthodactylus yemenicus n. sp.; New species; Acanthodactylus busacki n. sp. Journal Article Salzburg, Mark A. 1984 Anolis sagrei and Anolis cristatellus in southern Florida: a case study in interspecific competition Ecology 65 1 14-19 Journal Article Samallow, P. B. 1980 Selective mortality and reproduction in a natural population of Bufo boreas boreas Evolution 37 646-649 Journal Article Samour, H. J.;Risley, D.;March, T.;Savage, B.;Nieva, O.;Jones, M. 1984 Blood sampling techniques in reptiles Vet. Rec. 1984 472-476 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, technique, blood, sampling Dept. Special anim dis 85/89 210390 MDL DGB Rept 79 Journal Article Sampedro Marin, A.;Alvarez, V. Berovides;Fundora, O. Torres 1982 Habitos alimentarios y actividad de Bufo peltocephalus Tschudi (Amphibia: Bufonidae) en el Jardin Botanico de Cienfuegos Poeyana 233 1-14 amphibians, activity, behavior, habitat, diet Journal Article Sampedro Marín, Alcides;Berovides Alvarez, Vincente 1982 Ecología reproductiva del sapo común (Bufo peltacephalus) Reporte de Investigación del Instituto de Zoología 1986 3 1-10 Journal Article Sampedro Marín, Alcides;Berovides Alvarez, Vincente;Torres Fundora, Orlando 1982 Hábitos alimentarios y actividad de Bufo peltocephalus Tschudi (Amphibia: Bufonidae) en el Jardín Botánico de Cienfuegos Poeyana 233 1-14 Journal Article Sampedro Martín, Alcides;Berovides Alvarez, Vincente;Rodríguez Schettino, Lourdes 1982 Algunos aspectos ecológicos sobre dos especies cubanas del género Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae) Ciencias Biológicas 7 87-103, pls. X, XI Journal Article Sanders, J. Stephen;Jacob, James S. 1981 Thermal ecology of the copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) Herpetologica 37 4 264-270 temperature, thermoregulation, ontogenic, gestation Journal Article Sanders, Albert E. 1984 Rana heckscheri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 348 1-2 Journal Article Sandner Montilla, F. 1980 Una nueva especie del genero Crotalus (Serpentes, Crotalidae, Crotalinae) del sur del estado Guarico, Venezuela Memorias Cienticicas de Ofidiologia 5 1-12 Crotalus pifanorum sp. nov. Journal Article Santa Rosa, Carlos Almeida;Hyakutake, Saburô;Biasi, Pérsio de;Belluomini, Hélio Emerson;Kawarabayashi, Massami;Godano, Antonella 1980 Contribuição ao estudo epidemiológico das leptospiroses em serpentes do Brasil. II. Levantamento sorológico em Crotalus durissus terrificus Laurenti, 1768 (Viperidae: Crotalinae) - Cascavel Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz 40 1 9-13 Book Santos, Eurico 1981 Anfíbios e Répteis do Brasil Belo Horizonte Itatiaia Limitada 267 + 16 plates Journal Article Santos-Pinto, F.N.;J. Tarasantchi, M.A. Griggio, A.K. Russo 1982 Effects of temperature acclimation on energy metabolism and cloacal temperature in turtles (Geochelone carbonaria) Revista Bras. Pesq. Med. Biol. 14 4-5 318 Journal Article Sanyal, Pranabes 1984 Saving the ridley turtle in Sunderbuns - India Hamadryad 9 3 21-23 Lepidochelys olivacea Journal Article Sargent, Thomas D.;Dawid, Igor B. 1983 Differential gene expression in the gastrula of Xenopus laevis Science 222 135-139 Journal Article Sarkar, A. K. 1984 Ecological studies on the amphibians of Gujarat Bull. zool. Surv. India 6 1-3 87-93 Journal Article Sarthy, P. V.;Lam, D. M. 1983 Retinal regeneration in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens: appearance of neurotransmitter synthesis and the electroretinogram Brain Res 282 2 99-105 Animal; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism; DNA/biosynthesis; Electroretinography; Eye Proteins/biosynthesis; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism; Neurotransmitters/*biosynthesis; Notophthalmus viridescens/physiology; *Regeneration; Retina/*physiology; RNA/biosynthesis; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The removal or destruction of retina in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, leads to the formation of a new functional retina by metaplasia of the pigment epithelium. In order to understand the physiological and biochemical changes that occur during regeneration, we have examined the time-course of appearance and maturation of the electroretinogram (ERG) and correlated it with the synthesis of the neurotransmitters, acetylcholine (ACh) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In addition, we have also determined the pattern of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in the regenerating retina. Our experimental results show that: (1) the major peaks of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis occur at different times during regeneration and that the synthesis of RNA precedes that of DNA which is followed by the protein; (2) synthesis and accumulation of ACh and GABA is lost by the fifth day following ocular devascularization and it reappears by day 23-24. ACh and GABA syntheses continue to increase until they attain plateau around day 35; (3) the appearance of choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase activities parallel ACh and GABA synthesis; and (4) transmitter synthesis precedes development of the ERG. The first light evoked response is seen around day 29 by which time the transmitter synthesis is well advanced. Journal Article Sasaki, H.;Mannen., H. 1981 Morphological analysis of astrocytes in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) spinal cord with special reference to the site of attachment of their processes Journal of Comparative Neurology 198 13-35 Journal Article Sassenburg, L. 1983 Contribution to the physiology and pathology of reproduction of reptiles kept in captivity, from the point of view of the veterrinary practitioner. Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie der Fortpflanzung in Gefangenschaft gehaltener Reptilien aus Sicht des praktisch tätigen Tierarztes Vet. Med. Diss. Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, propagation, physiology, pathology, therapy zucht, vet, physiol, repro PF,WI x Journal Article Sassenburg, L. 1984 Contributions to the recognition and elimination of interfering factors in the reproduction of reptiles. (Germ.) Beiträge zur Erkennung und Ausschaltung von Störfaktoren bei der Reproduktion von Reptilien. Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 26 165-182 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, pathology, reproduction, propagation Journal Article Satel, S. L.;Wassersug., R. J. 1981 On the relative sizes of buccal floor depressor and elevator musculature in tadpoles Copeia 1981 129-137 Journal Article Satell, S. L.;Wassersug, R. J. 1981 On the relative sizes of buccal floor depressor and elevator musculature in tadpoles Copeia 1 129-137 Amphibia, feeding, anatomy, Anura, larvae Journal Article Sattler, P. W. 1980 Genetic relationships among selected species of North American Scaphiopus Copeia 1980 605-610 Amphibia, Anura, Scaphiopus, genetic variation, systematics, phylogenetics Journal Article Sauer, H.;Sauer, D. 1981 [Immunological alterations following thermic injury ] Allerg Immunol 27 3 139-44 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Antibody Formation; B-Lymphocytes/immunology; Burns/*immunology/mortality/therapy; Dogs; Gamma-Globulins/therapeutic use; Human; Immunity, Active; Immunity, Cellular; Immunization, Passive; Lymphocyte Transformation; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology; Rabbits; Rats; Skin/immunology; T-Lymphocytes/immunology; Toxins/immunology/therapeutic use Journal Article Saunders, G. 1983 Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a circus elephant. J. Am.Vet.Med.Assoc 183 11 1311-1312 Mammalia, proboscidae, elephant, infection, bacteria, tuberculosis 190490 MDL DGB Olif. 14 Book Savage, J. M. 1980 A preliminary handlist of the herpetofauna of Costa Rica Los Angeles, CA Allan Hancock Foundation 1-21 species list Journal Article Savage, J. M.;DeWeese, J. E. 1980 The status of the Central American leptodactylid frogs Eleutherodactylus melanostictus (Cope) and Eleutherodactylus platyrhynchus (Gunther) Proceeding of the California Academy of Sciences 93 4 928-942 Amphibia, Anura, morphology, osteology, genetics, chromosomes, taxonomy, populations, distribution Journal Article Savage, J. M. 1980 A new frog of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) from the Monteverde Forest Preserve, Costa Rica Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 79 1 13-19 new species, Amphibia, Anura, description, cuaquero, morphology, distribution Book Savage, Jay M. 1980 A Handlist with Preliminary Keys to the Herpetofauna of Costa Rica Los Angeles Allan Hancock Foundation 111 Costa Rica; Key Journal Article Savage, Jay M. 1980 A synopsis of the larvae of Costa Rican frogs and toads Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 79 2 45-54 Journal Article Savage, J. M. 1980 The tadpole of the Costa Rican fringe-limbed tree-frog, Hyla fimbrimembra Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 1177-1183 Book Savage, Jay M. 1980 A Preliminary Handlist of the Herpetofauna of Costa Rica Los Angeles Allan Hancock Foudation 21 Journal Article Savage, J. M. 1981 The tadpole of the Costa Rican fring-limbed tree-frog, Hyla fimbrimembra Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 4 1177-1183 amphibians, frogs, description, Journal Article Savage, Jay M. 1981 A new species of the secretive colubrid snake genus Geophis from Costa Rica Copeia 1981 3 549-553 Geophis downsi n. sp.; New species; Costa Rica; Key Journal Article Savage, Jay M.;DeWeese, James E. 1981 The status of the Central American leptodactylid frogs Eleutherodactylus melanostictus (Cope) and Eleutherodactylus platyrhynchus (Günther) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 4 928-942 Journal Article Savage, Jay M. 1981 The systematic status of Central American frogs confused with Eleutherodactylus cruentus Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 2 413-420 Journal Article Savage, Jay M. 1981 The tadpole of the Costa Rican fringe-limbed tree-frog Hyla fimbrimembra Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93 4 1177-1183 Journal Article Savage, J. M. 1982 The enigma of the Central American herpetofauna: dispersals or vicariance Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 69 464-547 reptiles, amphibians, distribution, Journal Article Savage, J. M. 1984 A new species of montane rain frog, genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylus), from Gerrerro Mexico Amphibia-Reptilia 5 253-260 uno, description, Leptodactylidae, Amphibia, Anura, morphology Journal Article Savitsky, Alan H. 1983 Coadapted character complexes among snakes: fossoriality, piscivory, and durophagy American Zoologist 23 397-409 Journal Article Savitzky, Alan H. 1980 The role of venom delivery strategies in snake evolution Evolution 34 6 1194-1204 opisthoglyphs Journal Article Savitzky, Alan H. 1981 Hinged teeth in snakes: an adaptation for swallowing hard-bodied prey Science 212 346-349 reptiles, comparative, evolution, feeding Journal Article Sazaki, Marc 1981 Electric energy development in California and protection of the desert tortoise: Can both goals be met? Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 59-61 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sazima, I.;Bokermann, W. C. A. 1981 Anfibios da Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais, Brasil. 5. Hylodes otavioi sp. n. (Anura, Leptodactylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 42 4 767-771 new species, Amphibia, frog, vocalization, descriptions, habitat, comparative, tadpole, Brazil Journal Article Sazima, I.;Bokermann., W. C. A. 1982 Anfíbios da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil 5: Hylodes otavioi sp. n. (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 42 767-771 Journal Article Sánchez-Herrera, Oscar;López-Forment C., William 1980 The lizard Abronia deppei (Sauria: Anguidae) in the State of Mexico, with the restriction of its type locality Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 16 3 83-87 Journal Article Sánchez-Herrera, Oscar;Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1981 Another suggested case of ophidian deceptive mimicry Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 84 3 121-127 Journal Article Scadding, S. R. 1982 Can differences in limb regeneration ability between amphibian species be explained by differences in quantity of innervation Journal Of Experimental Zoology 219 1 81-85 Journal Article Scadding, S. R. 1983 Can differences in limb regeneration ability between individuals within certain amphibian species be explained by differences in the quantity of innervation? J Exp Zool 226 1 75-80 Age Factors; Amphibia/*physiology; Animal; Extremities/innervation/*physiology; Larva; *Regeneration; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't In some species of amphibians, the regenerative response to limb amputation is not uniform. For example, regenerative ability varies from one individual to another within the species Xenopus laevis, Ambystoma maculatum, and Amphiuma tridactylum. In many species, limb regenerative ability declines with increasing age. The objective of this investigation was to determine if this variation in regenerative ability can be explained by variation in the quantity of innervation. In each of the above-named species, limbs were amputated and allowed to regenerate. The quantity of innervation (percentage of cross-sectional area of amputated surface occupied by nerves) was measured in the amputated part of the limb as close as possible to the amputation surface. The presence, rate, or extent of limb regeneration in that specific limb was then compared to the quantity of innervation at the amputation surface. The results indicated that there was no correlation between innervation and the rate or extent of regeneration in Xenopus laevis or Ambystoma maculatum. On the other hand, in Amphiuma tridactylum, those limbs that regenerated were the ones that had the highest levels of innervation. In Ambystoma maculatum, the quantity of innervation was measured at five different stages, from early larvae to mature adult. The results showed that the quantity of innervation was highest during the larval period, reaching a maximum at the late larval stage before declining greatly to the adult level. It appears that the decline in regenerative ability in the adult cannot be attributed solely to a reduction in innervation to below the threshold level. Journal Article Scanlan, Brian E.;Maxon, Linda R.;Duellman, William E. 1980 Albumin evolution in marsupial frogs (Hylidae: Gastrotheca) Evolution 34 222-229 Amphibia, anura, hylidae, Amphignathodontinae, Cryptobatrachus, Glectonotus, Fritziana, Gastrotheca, Stefania, Hemiphractus, Andes, Venezuela, Aargentina, Brasil, Gastrotheca excubitor, Gastrotheca galeata, Gastrotheca ochoai, Gastrotheca ovifera, Gastrotheca cavia, Gastrotheca marsupiata, Gastrotheca riobambae, Gastrotheca weinlandii, Gastrotheca orophylax, Gastrotheca peruana, Gastrotheca aureomaculata, Gastrotheca monticola, Gastrotheca plumbea, Gastrotheca argenteovirens, Cryptobatrachus boulengeri, Glectonotus pygmaeus, Stefania scalae, immunological distances, molecular evolution, morphological evolution, evolution Journal Article Scanlon, J. D. 1984/1985 Herpetological records from northern N.S.W. Herpetofauna 16 1-2 38-39 Journal Article Schafer, W.;Braunitzer, G.;Stangl, A. 1981 [Direct allosteric interaction of oxygen and bicarbonate: N-acetyl- alanyl-seryl-phenylalanine, N-terminal sequence of the beta-chains of the haemoglobins of Nil crocodile (Crocodylusniloticus) and Mississippi crocodile (Alligator mississippiensis) (author's transl)] Z Naturforsch [c] 36 9-10 902-3 Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Bicarbonates/*pharmacology; Comparative Study; English Abstract; Hemoglobins/*metabolism; Oxyhemoglobins/*metabolism; Reptiles/*blood; Species Specificity; Spectrum Analysis, Mass To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the direct allosteric exchange of oxygen and hydrogen carbonate in the hemoglobins of crocodiles, the N-terminal sequence of the beta-chains of the crocodiles of the Nile (Crocodylus niloticus) and of the Mississippi (Alligator mississippiensis) was studied. The N-terminal end of the peptide is blocked. By mass spectrometry the N-terminal sequences of both species were found to be N-acetyl-alanyl-seryl-phenylalanine. These data explain the absence of hemoglobinphosphate interaction, the data are in good agreement with the stereochemistry postulated for allosteric exchange of oxygen and hydrogen carbonate in crocodilian hemoglobins. Thesis Schafer, S.F. 1982 The social behavior of the galapagos tortoise, Geochelone elephantopus Journal Article Schafer, S.F.;Krekorian, C.O. 1983 Agonistic behavior of the galapagos tortoise, Geochelone elephantopus, with emphasis on its relationship to saddle-backed shell shape Hepetologica 39 4 448-456 Journal Article Schall, Jos J. 1981 Parthenogenetic lizards: r-selected reproductive characteristics? American Naturalist 117 212-216 cnemidophorus Journal Article Schall, Jos. J.;Bennett, Albert F.;Putnam, Robert W. 1982 Lizards infected with Malaria: physiological and behavioral consequences Science 217 1057-1058 Journal Article Schall, J. J. 1983 Small clutch size in a tropical whiptail lizard (Cnemidophorus arubensis) Journal of Herpetology 17 4 406-408 reptiles, reproduction, eggs, Journal Article Schaller, G.B.;Crawshaw, P.G., Jr. 1982 Fishing behavior of Paraguayan caiman (Caiman crocodilus) Copeia 1982 1 66-72 CCR, food, behavior, South America Journal Article Schiøtz, Arne 1982 Two new Hyperolius (Anura) from Tanzania Steenstrupia 8 12 269-276 Hyperolius tanneri n. sp.; Hyperolius viridiflavus reesi n. ssp. Journal Article Schleich, H.H. 1984 Merkmalsausbildungen an Landschildkr\"oten in Nordost Libyen (Testudines: Testudinidae). [On characteristics of northeast Libyan tortoises] Herpetozoa 1 97-108 Journal Article Schlicter, L. 1981 Low pH affects on fertilization and development of Rana pipiens eggs Canadian Journal of Zoology 59 1693-1699 Journal Article Schluter, A.;Regos, Janos 1981 Lithodytes lineatus (Schneider, 1799) (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) as a dweller in nests of the leaf cutting ant Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Attini) Amphibia-Reptilia 2 117-121 frog,foraging Journal Article Schmid, William D. 1982 Survival of frogs in low temperatures Science 215 697-398 Journal Article SCHMIDT, H. 1980 Molchpest als Souvenir von der Terra typica Herpetofauna 2 7 6-11 Amphibia, urodeles, infection, bacteria, ulcerations vet,lurch,sweuropa PF x Journal Article Schmidt, R.E.;Fletcher, K.C. 1983 Non-O-group-1 vibriocholerae infection in a desert tortoise Gopherus berlandieri J. Wildl. Dis. 19 4 358-359 Journal Article Schneider, Paul B. 1980 A comparison of three methods of populations analysis of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 156-162 Gopherus agassizii surveys density estimates Journal Article Schneider, Paul B. 1981 A report on desert tortoise distribution and relative abundance in six selected areas in southern Nevada [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 93 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Schneider, Paul B.;Turner, Robert J.;Bohuski, Karen E. 1982 Distribution and relative density of desert tortoises at six selected sites in Southern Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 36-50 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Schneider, Hans;Nevo, Eviatar;Heth, Giora;Simson, Shimon;Brzoska, Josef 1984 Auditory discrimination tests of female near eastern tree frogs and reevaluation of the systematic position Zool. Anz. Jena 213 5/6 306-312 Hyla arborea savignyi, Anuran communication, Amphibia, Hyla arborea, Hyla savigny Journal Article Schneider, H.;Sofianidou, T. S.;Kyriakopoulou-Sklavounou, P. 1984 Bioacoustic and morphometric studies in water frogs (genus Rana) of Lake Ioannina in Greece, and description of a new species (Anura, Amphibia). Z. zool.Syst.Evolut.-forsch. 22 349-366 Amphibia, anuran communication, Ranidae, Rana lessonae, R. ridibunda, R. epeirotica, R. esculenta Journal Article Schochat, San;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1981 Comparative immunological study of albumins of Anolis lizards of the Caribbean Islands Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 68A 67-73 Journal Article Schoener, T. W.;Schoener, A. 1980 Ecological and demographic correlates of injury rates in some Bahamian Anolis lizards Copeia 1980 4 839-850 reptiles, tail loss, autotomy, age, comparative Journal Article Schoener, T. W.;Slade, J. B.;Stinson, C. H. 1982 Diet and sexual dimorphism in the very catholic lizard genus, Leiocephalus of the Bahamas Oecologia (Berl.) 53 160-169 reptiles, body size, food, prey Journal Article Schoener, T. W.;Schoener, A. 1982 The ecological correlates of survival in some Bahamian Anolis lizards Oikos 39 1-16 reptiles, lizards, Bahamas, Journal Article Schotte, O. E.;Sicard, R. E. 1982 Cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia and suppression of limb regeneration in the adult newt, notophthalmus viridescens J Exp Zool 222 2 199-202 Animal; Cyclophosphamide/*pharmacology; Extremities/physiology; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia/*chemically induced; Regeneration/*drug effects; Salamandridae; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan), a clinical immunosuppressant, produced a marked, persistent leukopenia (greater than 40% reduction) in adult newts in contrast to a transient, milder leukopenia accompanying amputations without cytoxan treatments. In addition, cytoxan suppressed the formation of regeneration blastemata initially: however, blastema formation occurred if a second amputation was performed two or more weeks following the cessation of cytoxan treatments. The failure of the leukopenias of these latter cases to be corrected suggests that although a cytoxan-induced leukopenia is correlated with the absence of forelimb regeneration, this leukopenia is not, of itself, a sufficient condition to inhibit regeneration. Journal Article Schrag, J. A.;Cameron, J. A. 1983 Regeneration of adult newt skeletal muscle tissue in vitro J Embryol Exp Morphol 77 255-71 Animal; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Forelimb; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles/*physiology/ultrastructure; Myofibrils/ultrastructure; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors; Tissue Culture Explants and cells of forelimb muscle from adult Notophthalmus viridescens were cultured for periods up to 160 days in MEM-based medium supplemented with serum, hormones, and antibiotics. Explants which were not minced prior to culture contained muscle fibres with healthy myonuclei and no evidence of dedifferentiation after four weeks. Explants which were minced prior to culture contained degenerated muscle fibres after 1 day and no evidence of dedifferentiation after four weeks. Mononucleated cells from both minced and non-minced explants proliferated. Cell proliferation and myotube formation was greater in the minced muscle cultures. Proliferation and fusion of myoblasts and subsequent formation of myofibrils were observed on the plate in primary cultures. Secondarily transferred cells proliferated and fused into myotubes. Although adult newt muscle does not contain satellite cells, myogenesis in this amphibian followed the same course as all other vertebrate skeletal muscle: proliferation of mononucleated myogenic cells, fusion of the myoblasts to form syncytia, and eventual accumulation of myofibrils. The ultimate source of the myogenic cells was not identified; however, the absence of dedifferentiation of the mature fibres and the occurrence of myogenesis in cultures of minced muscle explants demonstrated that the regenerated muscle developed from a population of mononucleated cells whose origin did not depend upon dedifferentiation of intact fibres. Journal Article Schubauer, J. P.;Parmenter, R. R. 1981 Winter feeding by aquatic turtles in a southeastern reservoir Journal of Herpetology 15 4 444-447 South Carolina, reptiles, turtles, feeding, food, temperature, season Journal Article Schubauer, Joseph P.;Parmenter, Robert R. 1981 Winter feeding by aquatic turtles in a Southeastern reservoir Journal of Herpetology 15 444-447 Journal Article Schubauer, Joseph P. 1981 A reliable radio-telemetry tracking system suitable for studies of chelonians Journal of Herpetology 15 117-120 Journal Article Schuett, G. W. 1982 A copperhead (Agkistrodon contotrix) brood produced from autumn copulations Copeia 1982 3 700-702 reptiles, snakes, reproduction, sperm storage, fall, eggs, clutch Journal Article Schuett, Gordon W. 1982 A copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) brood produced from Autum copulations Copeia 1982 3 700-702 Book Schulte, Rainer 1980 Frösche und Kröten Stuttgart Ulmer 240 Journal Article SCHULTE, R. 1980 Remarks concerning frog-diseases, especially in dendrobatids. Bemerkungen zu Froschkrankheiten speziell bei Dendrobatiden. Herpetofauna 2 5 15-17 Amphibia, anura, dendrobates, diseases, SMUD, Pseudomonas, vet,zucht,lurch PF x, Reprint Endnote 93/267,Vet. pathol. 83/36 Journal Article SCHULTE, R. 1980 Frogs and toads Frösche und Kröten E. Ulmer, Stuttgart Reptilia, serpentes, rock rattlesnake, infection, Paramyxo-like Journal Article Schultze, Hans-Peter;Trueb, Linda 1981 Book review: Basic Structure and Evolution of Vertebrates Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 1 3-4 389-397 Journal Article Schwab, D. 1982 A list of amphibians and reptiles of the Great Swamp of New Jersey with special attention to State threatened and endangered species Bulletin Of The Chicago Herpetological Society 17 3 69-76 Journal Article Schwaner, Terry D. 1980 Reproductive biology of lizards on the American Samoan Islands Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 86 1-53 Samoan Islands; Emoia nigra; Emoia samoense; Emoia cyanura; Emoia lawesii; Emoia adspersa; Cryptoblepharis boutonii; Lipinia noctua; Gehyra oceanica; Hemidactylus frenatus; Peropus mutilatus; Cyrtodactylus pelagicus; Leptodactylus lugubris; Reproductive biology Journal Article Schwaner, Terry D.;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1981 Immunodiffusion evidence for the relationships of Papuan boids Journal of Herpetology 15 2 250-253 systematics, Charina Journal Article Schwaner, Terry D.;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1982 Comparative immunodiffusion survey of snake transferrins focused on the relationships of the natricines Copeia 1982 3 541-549 Lampropeltis getulus getula Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1980 Two new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Hispaniola Annals of Carnegie Museum 49 6 103-112 Hispaniola; Eleutherodactylus lucioi n. sp.; Eleutherodactylus rhodesi n. sp.; New Species Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1980 Eleutherodactylus bakeri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 247 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1980 Eleutherodactylus auriculatoides Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 246 1-2 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1980 Variation in Hispaniolan Anolis whitemani Williams Journal of Herpetology 14 4 399-406 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Graham, Eugene D., Jr. 1980 The shrevei group of Hispaniolan Sphaerodactylus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) Tulane Studies in Zoology 22 1 1-15 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Inchaustegui, Sixto J. 1980 The endemic Hispaniolan lizard genus Chamaellinorops Journal of Herpetology 14 1 51-56 lizard Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1980 Variation in Hispaniolan Anois whitemani Williams Journal of Herpetology 14 4 399-406 anoles Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Inchaustegui, Sixto J. 1980 The endemic Hispaniolan lizard genus Chamaelinorops Journal of Herpetology 14 1 51-56 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1981 Variation in Hispaniolan Anolis olssoni Schmidt (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae) Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 47 1-21 Anolis olssoni Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Garrido, Orlando H. 1981 A review of the Cuban members of the genus Arrhyton (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 50 7 207-230 Cuba; Taxonomy; New species; Arrhyton vittatum; Arrhyton landoi; Arrhyton ainictum n. sp.; Arrhyton dolichura; Arrhyton tanyplectum n. sp.; Arrhyton taeniatum Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1981 Eleutherodactylus brevirostris Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 259 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1981 Eleutherodactylus counouspeus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 260 1-2 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Garrido, Orlando H. 1981 Las salamanquitas cubanas del género Sphaerodactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) 1. El grupo copei Poeyana 230 1-27 Journal Article Schwartz, S. 1981 Twilight of the dinosaurs Conservationist 36 2 30-34 conservation, Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1982 Eleutherodactylus flavescens Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 296 1-2 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1982 Eleutherodactylus fowleri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 297 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1982 Eleutherodactylus eunaster Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 285 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1982 Eleutherodactylus darlingtoni Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 284 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Henderson, Robert W. 1982 Anolis cybotes (Reptilia, Iguanidae): the Eastern Hispaniolan populations Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 49 1-8 Journal Article Schwartz, A.;Thomas, R. 1983 The Difficilis complex of Sphaerodactylus (Sauria, Gekkonidae) of Hispaniola Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 22 1-60 Reptiles, lizards, systematic accounts, ecology, geographic relationships, taxonomy, morphology, distribution Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Thomas, Richard 1983 The difficilis complex of Sphaerodactylus (Sauria, Gekkonidae) of Hispaniola Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 22 1-60 Sphaerodactylus difficilis complex; Hispaniola; systematics Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1983 Eleutherodactylus furcyensis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 309 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1983 Eleutherodactylus glanduliferoides Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 322 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1983 Eleutherodactylus glandulifer Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 310 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1983 Eleutherodactylus heminota Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 336 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1983 Eleutherodactylus haitianus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 335 1-2 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1983 Eleutherodactylus glaphycompus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 323 1 Journal Article Schwartz, J. J.;Wells., K. D. 1983 An experimental study of acoustic interference between two species of neotropical treefrogs Animal Behaviour 31 181-190 Journal Article Schwartz, J. J.;Wells, K. D. 1983 An experimental study of acoustic interference between two species of neotropical treefrogs. Animal Behaviour 31 181-190 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Hyla ebraccata, Hyla microcephala, acoustic communication, aggresive call, calls-timing, competition, playback, Journal Article Schwartz, J. J.;Wells, K. D. 1983 The influence of background noise on the behaviour of a neotropical treefrog, Hyla ebraccata Herpetologica 39 121-129 Hyla ebraccata acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, calls-timing, competition, Hylidae, phonotaxis, playback, sexual selection, Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Henderson, Robert W. 1984 Uromacer Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 355 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert 1984 Eleutherodactylus hypostenor Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 346 1 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Henderson, Robert W. 1984 Uromacer oxyrhynchus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 358 1-2 Journal Article Schwartz, Albert;Henderson, Robert W. 1984 Uromacer catesbyi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 356 1-2 Journal Article Schwartz, Elizabeth R.;Schwartz, Charles W.;Kiester, A. Ross 1984 The three-toed box turtle in Central Missouri, Part II: a nineteen-year study of home range, movements and population Missouri Department of Conservation Terrestrial Series 12 1-29 Journal Article Schwartz, Joshua J.;Wells, Kentwood D. 1984 Interspecific acoustic interactions of the neotropical treefrog Hyla ebraccata Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 14 211-224 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, Hyla ebraccata, Hylidae, calls-timing, competition, playback, sexual selection, Journal Article Schwenk, K.;Sessions, S. K.;Seale, D. M. Peccinini 1982 Karyotypes of the basiliscine lizards Corytophanes cristatus and Corytophanes hernandesii, with comments on the relationship between chromosomal and morphological evolution in lizards Herpetologica 38 4 493-501 Reptiles, lizards, karyotype, chromosomes, morphology, evolution, Honduras, Mexico Journal Article Schwenk, Kurt;Sessions, Stanley K.;Peccinini Seale, Denise M. 1982 Karyotypes of the Basiliscine lizards Corytophanes cristatus and Corytophanes hernandesii, with comments on the relationship between chromosomal and morphological evolution in lizards Herpetologica 38 4 493-501 Journal Article Scott, J. R.;Tracy, C. R.;Pettus, D. 1982 A biophysical analysis of daily and seasonal utilization of climate space by a montane snake Ecology 63 2 482-493 reptiles, model, energy budget, energetics, Thamnophis elegans, thermal biology, thermoregulation Book Section Scott, Norman J., Jr 1982 The herpetofauna of forest litter plots from Cameroon Africa Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 145-150 Book Section Scott, Norman J., Jr;Campbell, Howard W. 1982 A chronological bibliography, the history and status of studies of herpetological communities, and suggestions for future research Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 221-239 Journal Article Scott, J. R.;R., Tracy. C.;Pettus, D. 1982 A biophysical analysis of daily and seasonal utilization of climate space by a montane snake Ecology 63 2 482-493 biophysical model, climate space, energy budget, Thamnophis elegans, thermal biology, thermoregulation Edited Book Scott, Norman J., Jr 1982 Herpetological Communities Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service 13 239 Ecology; Community ecology; Communities Journal Article Scott, N. J.;McDiarmid, R. W. 1984 Trimorphodon biscutatus (Dumeril, Bibron, and Dumeril) western lyre snake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 353 1-4 reptiles, account, distribution Journal Article Scott, N. J.;McDiarmid, R. W. 1984 Trimorphodon tau Cope Mexican lyre snake Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 354 1-2 reptiles, account, distribution Journal Article Scott, N. J.;McDiarmid, R. W. 1984 Trimorphodon Cope lyre snakes Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 352 1-2 reptiles, account, distribution Journal Article Scott, Norman J., Jr;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1984 Trimorphodon biscutatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 353 1-4 Journal Article Scott, Norman J., Jr;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1984 Trimorphodon tau Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 354 1-2 Journal Article Scott, Norman J., Jr;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1984 Trimorphodon Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 352 1-2 Journal Article Scott, L. M. 1984 Snakebite by a pigmy rattlesnake J Emerg Nurs 10 4 187-9 Journal Article Scott, Michelle P. 1984 Agonistic and courtship displays of male Anolis sagrei Breviora 479 1-22 Journal Article Scribner, K. T.;Smith, M. H.;Gibbons, J. W. 1984 Genetic divergence among local populations of the yellow-bellied slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) Herpetologica 40 4 382-387 reptiles, trachemys, alleles, heterozygosity, demography, Journal Article Scribner, Kim T.;Smith, Michael H.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1984 Genetic differentiation among local populations of the yellow-bellied slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) Herpetologica 40 382-387 reptilia, testudines, emydidae, pseudemys, populations, demography, electrophoresis, Savannah River, Ellenton Bay, Carolina bay, Steed Pond, Steel Creek Journal Article Scudder, Kent M.;Stewart, Nancy J.;Smith, Hobart M. 1980 Response of neonate water snakes (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) to conspecific chemical cues Journal of Herpetology 14 2 196-198 baby snakes, chemical cues Journal Article Seale, D. B. 1980 Influence of amphibian larvae on primary production, nutrient flux, and competition in a pond ecosystem Ecology 61 6 1531-1550 Amphibia, Ambystoma, Bufo, Anabaena, Rana, Anura, phytoplankton, primary production, feeding, tadpole, community, ecology Journal Article Seale, D. B.;Beckvar, N. 1980 The comparative ability of anuran larvae (genera: Hyla, Bufo and Rana) to ingest suspended blue-green algae Copeia 3 495-503 Amphibia, Anura, tadpole, filtering, ingestion, comparative, Hylidae, Bufonidae, Ranidae Journal Article Seale, D. B.;Beckvar., N. 1980 The comparative ability of anuran larvae (genera: Hyla, Bufo, and Rana) to ingest suspended blue-green algae. Copeia 1980 495-503 Journal Article Seale, D. B. 1980 Influence of amphibian larvae on primary production, nutrient flux, and competition in a pond ecosystem. Ecology 61 1531-1550 Journal Article Seale, D. B.;Beckvar., N. 1980 The comparative ability of anuran larvae (genera: Hyla, Bufo, and Rana) to ingest suspended blue-green algae Copeia 1980 495-503 Journal Article Seale, D. B. 1982 Obligate and facultative suspension feeding in anuran larvae: Feeding regulation in Xenopus and Rana The Biological Bulletin 162 2 214-231 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles Journal Article Seale, D. B.;Hoff, K.;Wassersug, R. 1982 Xenopus laevis larvae (Amphibia, Anura) as model suspension feeders Hydrobiologia 87 161-169 frog, tadpoles, feeding, filtering, ingestion Journal Article Seale, Dianne B. 1982 Physical factors influencing oviposition by the woodfrog, Rana sylvatica, in Pennsylvania Copeia 1982 3 627-635 Journal Article Seale, D. B. 1982 Physical factors influencing oviposition by the woodfrog, Rana sylvatica, in Pennsylvania. Copeia 1982 627-635 Journal Article Seale, D. B. 1982 Obligate and facultative suspension feeding in anuran larvae: feeding regulation in Xenopus and Rana Biological Bulletin 162 214-231 Journal Article Seale, D. B.;Hoff, K.;Wassersug., R. 1982 Xenopus laevis larvae (Amphibia, Anura) as model suspension feeders Hydrobiologia 87 161-169 Journal Article Secor, S. M.;Carpenter, C. C. 1984 Distribution maps of Oklahoma reptiles Oklahoma Herp. Society Special Pub. 3 1-57 reptiles, distribution, geographic range Journal Article Secor, Stephen M.;Carpenter, Charles C. 1984 Distribution maps of Oklahoma Reptiles Oklahoma Herpetological Society Special Publication 3 57 Journal Article Seib, Robert L. 1980 Baja California: A peninsula for rodents but not for reptiles American Naturalist 115 613-620 Journal Article Seib, Robert L. 1980 Human envenomation from the bite of an aglyphous false coral snake, Pliocercus elapoides (Serpentes: Colubridae) Toxicon 18 399-401 Journal Article Seib, R. L. 1981 Size and shape in a neotropical burrowing colubrid snake, Geophis nasalis, and its prey American Zoologist 21 4 933 reptiles, diet, predation, food, Journal Article Seib, R. L. 1984 Prey use in three syntopic neotropical racers Journal of Herpetology 18 4 412-420 reptiles, diet, predation, food, Mexico, Journal Article Seib, Robert 1984 Prey use in three syntopic neotropical racers Journal of Herpetology 18 4 412-420 Journal Article Seidel, M. E. 1980 Interspecific comparisons of blood protein and urea concentrations in musk turtles (Sternotherus) with notes on fasting in Sternotherus odoratus J. Herpetol. 14 167-170 Reptilia, testudines, Sternotherus odoratus, blood, values, fasting testu,syst,chem,vet Fernl x Journal Article Seidel, Michael E.;Reynolds, Samuel L. 1980 Aspects of evaporative water loss in the mud turtlesKinosternon hirtipes and Kinosternon flavescens Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 593-598 Journal Article Seidel, Michael E. 1980 Interspecific comparisons of blood protein and urea concentrations in Muskturtles(Sternotherus) with notes on fasting in Sternotherus odoratus Journal of Herpetology 14 2 167-170 stink pot Journal Article Seidel, M. E.;Reynolds, S. L.;Lucchino, R. V. 1981 Phylogenetic relationships among musk turtles (Genus Sternotherus) and genic variation in Sternotherus odoratus) Herpetologica 37 3 161-165 Reptiles, turtles, systematics, phylogeny, electrophoresis, enzymes, genetics Journal Article Seidel, M.E.;S.L. Reynolds, R.V. Lucchino 1981 Phylogenetic relationships among musk turtles (Genus Sternotherus) and genic variation in Sternotherus odoratus Herpetologica 37 3 161-165 Sternotherus odoratus Journal Article Seigel, R. A. 1980 Courtship and mating behavior of the diamondback terrapin Malaclemys terrapin tequesta Journal of Herpetology 14 4 420-421 reptiles, reproduction, Journal Article Seigel, R. A. 1980 Predation by racoons on diamondback terrapins, Malaclemys terrapin tequesta Journal of Herpetology 14 1 87-89 reptiles, reproduction, nest, eggs Journal Article Seigel, R. A. 1980 Nesting habits of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) on the Atlantic Coast of Florida Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 83 4 239-246 reptiles, behavior, reproduction, Journal Article Seigel, Richard A. 1980 Courtship and Mating Behavior of the Diamondback Terrapin, Malaclemys terrapin tequesta Journal of Herpetology 14 4 420-421 reproduction, turtles Journal Article Seigel, R. A. 1982 Book Review: Rare and endangered biota of Florida: volume three: amphibians and reptiles Herp Review13 1 21 Journal Article Seigel, R. A. 1983 Natural survival of eggs and tadpoles of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica Copeia 1983 4 1096-1098 amphibians, reproduction, survivorship, mortality Journal Article Seigel, R. A. 1983 Occurrence and effects of barnacle infestations on diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) American Midland Naturalist 109 1 34-39 reptiles, reproduction Journal Article Seigel, R. A. 1983 Natural survival of eggs and tadpoles of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Copeia 1983 1096-1098 Journal Article Seigel, R. A.;Fitch, H. S. 1984 Ecoloigcal patterns of relative clutch mass in snakes Oecologia (Berl.) 61 293-301 reptiles, reproduction, eggs, comparative, Book Section Seigel, Richard A. 1984 Parameters of two populations of diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) on the Atlantic Coast of Florida Seigel, R.A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L.;Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics-A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, KS Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 77-87 Edited Book Seigel, Richard A.;Hunt, Lawrence E.;Knight, James L.;Malaret, Luis;Zuschlag, Nancy L. 1984 Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics: A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence University of Kansas viii + 278 Journal Article Seigel, Richard A.;Fitch, Henry S. 1984 Ecological patterns of relative clutch mass in snakes Oecologia 61 293-301 Edited Book Seigel, Richard A.;Hunt, Lawrence E.;Knight, James L.;Malaret, Luis;Zuschlag, Nancy L. 1984 Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics: A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence University of Kansas v + 278 Journal Article Seijas, Andres Eloy;Ramos, Santiago 1980 Caracteristicas de la dieta de la baba (Caiman crocodilus) durante la estacion seca en las sabanas moduladas del estado Apure, Venezuela Acta Biol. Venez. 10 4 373-389 Journal Article Seijas, A.E.;Ramos, S. 1980 Caracteristicas de la dieta de la baba (Caiman crocodilus) durante la estacion seca en las sabanas moduladas del Estabo Apure, Venezuela Acta biol. Venez. 10 373-389 CCR, food, South America Journal Article Sellers, J.C.;et al. 1980 A method of caudal blood collection in snakes J. Herpetol. 14 183-185 Reptilia, serpentes, anatomy, blood, collection Journal Article Sellers, J.C.;Trauth, S.E.;Wit, L.C. 1980 A method of caudal blood collection in lizards Journal of Herpetology 14 2 185-187 Reptilia, serpentes, anatomy, blood, collection Reprint Endnote 95/73 Journal Article Sellers, J.C. et al. 1980 A method of caudal blood collection in snakes J. Herpetol. 14 183-185 Reptilia, serpentes, anatomy, blood, collection Journal Article Sellers, Jeffrey C.;Trauth, Stanley;Wit, Lawrence C. 1980 A Method of caudal blood collection in lizards Journal of Herpetology 14 2 185-186 blood, collecting Journal Article Semiltsch, R. D. 1983 Burrowing ability and behavior of salamanders of the genus Ambystoma Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 616-620 fossorial behavior Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1980 Growth and metamorphosis of larval dwarf salamanders (Eurycea quadridigitata) Herpetologica 36 2 138-140 amphibians, development, body size, geographic variation, Journal Article Semlitsch, Raymond D. 1980 Geographic and local variation in population parameters of the slimy salamander Plethodon glutinosus Herpetologica 36 6-16 amphibia, caudata, plethodontidae, plethodon, density, growth, population structure, life history, survivorship Journal Article Semlitsch, Raymond D.;McMillan, Michael A. 1980 Breeding migrations, population size structure, and reproduction of the dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata, in South Carolina Brimleyana 3 97-105 Field 3-412, Rainbow Bay, Ellenton Bay, Carolina bays Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D.;McMillan., M. A. 1980 Breeding migrations, population size structure, and reproduction of the dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata, in South Carolina Brimleyana 3 97-105 Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1981 Effects of implanted tantalum-182 wire tags on the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum Copeia 1981 3 735-737 amphibians, method, tracking Journal Article Semlitsch, Raymond D.;Brown, Kent L.;Caldwell, Janalee P. 1981 Habitat utilization, seasonal activity, and population size structure of the southeastern crowned snake Tantilla coronata Herpetologica 37 1 40-46 Colubridae; Tantilla coronata; activity; habitat; life history; size structure; rainfall; temperature; sex ratio Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1981 Terrestrial activity and summer home range of the mole salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) Canadian Journal of Zoology 59 315-322 activity, home range, mole salamander, habitat use Journal Article Semlitsch, Raymond D.;Brown, Kent L.;Caldwell, Janalee P. 1981 Habitat utilization, seasonal activity, and population size structure of the southeastern crowned snake (Tantilla coronata) Herpetologica 37 40-46 Rainbow Bay, reptilia, serpentes, colubridae, tantilla, activity, habitat, life history, size structure, rainfall, temperature, sex ratio, Sun Bay, Carolina bay Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1981 Effects of implanted tantalum 182 tags on the mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum Copeia 1981 3 735-737 technique, slamander, radioactive Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D.;Caldwell, J. P. 1982 Effects of density on growth, metamorphosis, and survivorship in tadpoles of Scaphiopus holbrooki Ecology 63 4 905-911 amphibians, density, dispersability, growth, metamorphosis, Journal Article Semlitsch, Raymod D.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1982 Body size dimorphism and sexual selection in two species of water snakes Copeia 1982 4 974-976 Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D.;Caldwell., J. P. 1982 Effects of density on growth, metamorphosis, and survivorship in tadpoles of Scaphiopus holbrooki. Ecology 63 905-911 Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D.;Caldwell., J. P. 1982 Effects of density on growth, metamorphosis, and survivorship in tadpoles of Scaphiopus holbrooki Ecology 63 905-911 Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D.;West, C. A. 1983 Aspects of the life history and ecology of Webster's salamander, Plethodon websteri Copeia 1983 2 339-346 amphibians, development, survival, growth, reproduction, Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1983 Burrowing ability and behavior of salamanders of the genus Ambystoma Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 616-620 amphibians, movement, behavior, activity, performance, Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1983 Terrestrial movements of an eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum Herp Review 14 4 112-113 amphibians, activity, Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1983 Structure and dynamics of two breeding populations of the eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum Copeia 1983 3 608-616 amphibians, age, demographics, movement, reproduction, Journal Article Semlitsch, Raymond D. 1983 Growth and metamorphosis of larval red salamanders (Pseudotriton ruber) on the Coastal Plain of South Carolina Herpetologica 39 1 48-52 amphibia, caudata, plethodontidae, pseudotriton ruber, body size, geographic variation, growth, larval period, metamorphosis, Crystal creek, Sandy creek Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D. 1983 Structure and dynamics of two breeding populations of the eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Copeia 1983 608-616 Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D.;West., C. A. 1983 Aspects of the life history and ecology of Webster's salamander, Plethodon websteri. Copeia 1983 339-346 Journal Article Semlitsch, R. D.;Moran, G. B. 1984 Ecology of the redbelly snake (Storeria occipitomaculata) using mesic habitats in South Carolina American Midland Naturalist 111 1 33-40 reptiles, snakes, cycle, reproduction, life history, body size, michigan, sex ratio Journal Article Serena, Melody 1980 A new technique for capturing Cnemidophorus Journal of Herpetology 14 1 91 racerunners, collecting Journal Article Sessions, Stanley K. 1980 Evidence for a highly differentiated sex chromosome heteromorphism in the salamander Nectrurus maculosus (Rafinesque) Chromosoma 77 157-168 Journal Article Sessions, S. K.;Leon, P. E.;Kezer, J. 1982 Cytogenetics of the Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard): the evolutionary significance of cryptobranchoid karyotypes Chromosoma (Berl.) 86 341-357 Amihibians, salamanders, chromosomes, morphology, China, karyotypes, evolution Journal Article Sessions, Stanley K.;León, Pedro E.;Kezer, James 1982 Cytogenetics of the Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus (Blanchard): the evolutionary significance of cryptobranchoid karyotypes Chromosoma 86 341-357 Journal Article Seufer, H. 1980 Force-feeding in garter snakes Zwangsernährung bei Nattern Herpetofauna 2 7 26-28 Reptilia, serpentes, Natrix, fedding, force-, technique serp,vet WI x Journal Article Sever, David M. 1983 Eurycea junaluska Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 321 1-2 Journal Article Sever, D. M. 1983 Observations on the distribution and reproduction of the salamander Eurycea junaluska in Tennessee Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 58 48-50 Journal Article Sexton, O. J.;Hunt, S. R. 1980 Temperature relationships and movements of snakes (Elaphe obsoleta, Coluber constrictor) in a cave hibernaculum Herpetologica 36 1 20-26 reptiles, snakes, thermal, hibernation, Missouri, gradient Journal Article Sexton, O. J. 1980 Comments on the reproductive cycle of Anolis limifrons (Sauria: Iguanidae) at Turrialba, Costa Rica Caribbean Journal of Science 16 1-4 13-17 reptiles, eggs, moisture, lizards, Journal Article Sexton, O. J.;Marion, K. R. 1981 Experimental analysis of movements by prairie rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis, during hibernation Oecologia (Berl.) 51 37-41 reptiles, activity, Colorado, thermal, temperature Journal Article Sexton, O. J. 1984 Evolution of live-bearing in reptiles National Geographic Proposal reptiles, reproduction, Journal Article Seymour, Roger S.;Dobson, G. P.;Baldwin, J. 1981 Respiratory and cardiovascular physiology of the aquatic snake, Acrochordus arafurae Journal of Comparative Physiology 144 215-227 circulation Journal Article Shaffer, Mark L. 1981 Minimum population sizes for species conservation BioScience 31 2 131-134 conservation Journal Article Shaffer, H. B. 1984 Evolution in a paedomorphic lineage. II. Allometry and form in the Mexican ambystomatid salamander. Evolution 38 1207-1218 Journal Article Shalev, A.;Greenberg, A. H.;Logdberg, L.;Bjorck, L. 1981 beta 2-Microglobulin-like molecules in low vertebrates and invertebrates J Immunol 127 3 1186-91 *beta 2-Microglobulin; Animal; *Beta-Globulins; Crayfish; Cross Reactions; Fishes; Goldfish; Hydra; Lizards; Lobsters; Necturus maculosus; Notophthalmus viridescens; Oligochaeta; Radioimmunoassay; Species Specificity; Xenopus laevis Book Shammakov, S. 1981 Reptiles of the Flat Turkmenistan Ashkhabad Nauka 312 Journal Article Shapiro, A. 1980 Acquisition of 7,100 acres of land on Key Largo is top priority effort to save the endangered American crocodile Fl. Wildl. 34 3 40-41 CA, conservation, FL Journal Article Sharma, R. C. 1982 Studies on the pholidosis and variability in characters showing sexual dimorphism in various species of Indian reptiles Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication Occasional Paper 35 [4], 1-153 Journal Article Shaw, J.F. 1981 There's only one Harry Messelthank goodness Int. Wildl. 11 6 12-15 CPR, miscellaneous, Australia Journal Article Shea, Glenn M.;Wells, R. 1983/1984 New records of a skink and a gecko from western New South Wales Herpetofauna 15 1-2 1-4 Cyclodomorphus branchialis; Diplodactylus elderi; Distribution Journal Article Shea, Glenn M. 1984/1985 Island herpetofaunas in New South Wales: A review Herpetofauna 16 1-2 30-38 Journal Article Sheppard, George P. 1980 Status of the Arizona Beaver Dam Slope population of desert tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 23-32 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sheppard, George Pat 1981 Desert tortoise status report state of Arizona - 1981 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 23-24 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sheppard, George Pat 1981 Desert tortoise population of the Beaver Dam Slope in northwestern Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 25-48 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sheppard, George Pat 1982 1982 field trip to Beaver Dam Slope, Utah, and Hohman study site in Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 5 Journal Article Sheppard, George Pat 1982 Habitat management plans, desert tortoises, and the Arizona Strip District Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 67-69 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sheppard, George Pat 1983 1983 field trip to two tortoise study sites southeast of Yucca, Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 4 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sheppard, George Pat;Cordery, Ted;Castellano, John 1983 Desert tortoise 1983 status report for the Arizona Strip and Phoenix districts, Bureau of Land Management Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 12-13 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sheppard, George P. 1984 Major activities of the Desert Tortoise Council 1983-1984 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 4-5 Book Sherbrooke, W. C. 1981 Horned lizards: unique reptiles of western North America Southwest Parks and Monuments Association 1-48 reptiles, lizards, Phrynosoma, comparative, color, crypsis, distribution, conservation, predation, Book Sherbrooke, Wade C. 1981 Horned Lizards: Unique Reptiles of Western North America Globe, AZ Southwet Parks and Monuments Assoc. 48 Book Sherbrooke, Wade C. 1981 Horned Lizards: Unique Reptiles of Western North America Globe, AZ Southwet Parks and Monuments Assoc. 48 p. Journal Article Sherman, Elizabeth 1980 Ontogenetic change in thermal tolerance of the toad Bufo woodhousii fowleri Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65A 227-230 Journal Article Sherman, Cynthia Kagarise;Morton, Martin L. 1984 The toad that stays on its toes Natural History 93 3 72-78 Journal Article Shields, Timothy A. 1980 A method for determination of population structure and density of the desert tortoise Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 151-155 Gopherus agassizii surveys density estimates Journal Article Shimazaki, H.;Karwoski, C. J.;Proenza, L. M. 1984 Aspartate-induced dissociation of proximal from distal retinal activity in the mudpuppy Vision Res 24 6 587-95 Animal; Aspartic Acid/*pharmacology; Calcium/pharmacology; Electroretinography; Magnesium/pharmacology; Necturus maculosus; Neuroglia/drug effects/physiology; Photic Stimulation; Potassium/analysis; Retina/cytology/*drug effects/physiology; Retinal Ganglion Cells/drug effects/physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The effects of aspartate (Asp) on the ERG and on neuronal, glial, and K+ responses were monitored continuously in the superfused mudpuppy eyecup. Asp induced a time-dependent sequence of events which may be divided into three stages: Stage 1, initially, light-evoked responses throughout the retina are depressed; Stage 2, distal responses (horizontal, bipolar, and K+ responses) return to near pre-drug amplitudes and there is a simultaneous ERG enhancement, but responses in the proximal retina remain suppressed; Stage 3, a second depression of retinal responses leads to a-wave isolation. The dissociation of distal from proximal responses observed during Stage 2 strongly supports the hypothesis that the ERG b-wave results from events arising in the distal retinal network. Journal Article Shindo, T.;Spring, K. R. 1981 Chloride movement across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells J Membr Biol 58 1 35-42 Animal; Cell Membrane/metabolism; Chlorides/*metabolism; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism; Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus; Potassium/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism Electrophysiologic and tracer experiments have shown that Cl- enters Necturus proximal tubule cells from the tubule lumen by a process coupled to the flow of Na+, and that Cl- entry is electrically silent. The mechanism of Cl- exit from the cell across the basolateral membrane has not been directly studied. To evaluate the importance of the movement of Cl- ions across the basolateral membrane, the relative conductance of Cl- to K+ was determined by a new method. Single-barrel ion-selective microelectrodes were used to measure intracellular Cl- and K+ as a function of basolateral membrane PD as it varied normally from tubule to tubule. Basolateral membrane Cl- conductance was about 10% of K+ conductance by this method. A second approach was to voltage clamp the basolateral PD to 20 mV above and below the spontaneous PD, while sensing intracellular Cl- activity with the second barrel of a double-barrel microelectrode. An axial wire electrode in the tubule lumen was used to pass current across the tubular wall and thereby vary the basolateral membrane PD. Cell Cl- activity was virtually unaffected by the PD changes. We conclude that Cl- leaves Necturus proximal tubule cells by a neutral mechanism, possibly coupled to the efflux of Na+ or K+. Journal Article Shine, R. 1980 Ecology of the Australian death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Elapidae): evidence for convergence with the Viperidae Herpetologica 36 4 281-289 reptiles, diet, food, reproduction, body size, oviparity, dimorphism, growth, evolution Journal Article Shine, R. 1980 Comparative ecology of three Australian snake species of the genus Cacophis (Serpentes: Elapidae) Copeia 1980 4 reptiles, reproduction, sexual dimorphism, morphology, diet, food, growth, Journal Article Shine, Richard 1980 "Costs" of reproduction in reptiles Oecologia (Berl.) 46 92-100 Reptiles, costs, reproduction, locomotion, skinks, lizards, speed, viviparous, oviparous, relative clutch mass, basking, behavior Journal Article Shine, Richard 1980 Ecology of eastern Australian whipsnakes of the genus Demansia Journal of Herpetology 14 4 381-389 Australia; Demansia; Ecology Journal Article Shine, Richard 1980 Ecology of the Australian death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Elapidae): evidence for convergence with the viperidae Herpetologica 36 4 281-289 Convernet evolution; Acranthophis antarcticus; Ecology Journal Article Shine, Richard 1980 Reproduction, feeding and growth in the Australian burrowing snake Vermicella annulata J. Herpetol. 14 1 71-77 Lampropeltis Journal Article Shine, Richard 1980 Reproduction, feeding and growth in the Australian burrowing snake, Vermicella annulata Journal of Herpetology 14 1 71-78 burrowing, natural history Journal Article Shine, Richard 1980 Ecology of Eastern Australian Whipsnakes of the Genus Demansia Journal of Herpetology 14 4 381-390 natural history Journal Article Shine, R. 1981 Ecology of Australian elapid snakes of the genera Furina and Glyphodon Journal of Herpetology 15 2 219-224 reptiles, diet, food, reproduction, body size, oviparity, dimorphism, growth Journal Article Shine, R. 1981 Venomous snakes in cold climates: ecology of the Australian genus Drysdalia (Serpentes: Elapidae) Copeia 1981 1 14-25 reptiles, diet, food, reproduction, body size, oviparity, dimorphism, growth, temperature Journal Article Shine, Richard 1981 Venomous snakes in cold climates: Ecology of the Australian genus Drysdalia (Serpentes: Elapidae) Copeia 1981 1 14-25 Drysdalia coronoides; Drysdalia mastersi; Drysdalia rhodogaster; Drysdalia coronata; Australia; Climate Journal Article Shine, Richard;Grigg, Gordon C.;Shine, Terri G.;Harlow, Peter 1981 Mating and male combat in Australian blacksnakes, Pseudechis porphyriacus J. Herpetol. 15 1 101-107 Lampropeltis calligaster mexicana Journal Article Shine, Richard;Grigg, Gordon;Shine, Terri G.;Harlow, Peter 1981 Mating and male combat in Australian blacksnakes, Pseudechis porphyriacus Journal of Herpetology 15 1 101-107 Journal Article Shine, R. 1982 Ecology of the Australian elapid snake Echiopsis curta Journal of Herpetology 16 4 388-393 reptiles, diet, food, reproduction, body size, oviparity, dimorphism, growth Journal Article Shine, R.;Charles, N. 1982 Ecology of the Australian elapid snake Tropidechis carinatus Journal of Herpetology 16 4 383-387 reptiles, reproduction, dimorphism, growth, body size, diet Journal Article Shine, R. 1983 Reptilian viviparity in cold climates: testing the assumptions of an evolutionary hypothesis Oecologia (Berl.) 57 397-405 reptiles, evolution, egg, embryo, reproduction Journal Article Shine, R. 1983 Reptilian reproductive modes: the oviparity-viviparity continuum Herpetologica 39 1 1-8 reptiles, evolution, egg, embryo Journal Article Shine, R.;Covacevich, J. 1983 Ecology of highly venemous snakes: the Australian genus Oxyuranus (Elapidae) Journal of Herpetology 17 1 60-69 reptiles, diet, food, reproduction, body size, oviparity, dimorphism, growth Journal Article Shine, R. 1983 Arboreality in snakes: ecology of the Australian elapid genus Hoplocephalus Copeia 1983 1 198-205 reptiles, behavior, microhabitat, Journal Article Shine, Richard 1983/1984 Book Review: Poisonous Snakes Herpetofauna 15 1-2 22 Book Review Journal Article Shine, R 1984 Reproductive biology and food habits of the Australian Elaphid snakes of the genus Cryptophis J. of Herpetol. 18 33-39 Reptilia, serpentes, elaphe, Cryptophis, physiology, propagation food, feeding Journal Article Shirane, T. 1982 Gonadal differentiation in frogs, Rana japonica and Rana brevipoda, raised from UV irradiated eggs Journal of Experimental Zoology 223 165-173 Journal Article Shochat, Dan;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1981 Comparative immunological study of albumins of Anolis lizards of the Caribbean islands Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 68A 67-73 Journal Article Shoemaker, V. H.;McClanahan., L. L. 1982 Enzymatic correlates and ontogeny of uricotelism in tree frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa Journal of Experimental Zoology 220 163-169 Journal Article Shoemaker, V. H.;Nagy, K. A. 1984 Osmoregulation in the Galapagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus Physiological Zoology 57 3 291-300 reptiles, lizards, water flux, Journal Article Shofner, W. P.;Feng., A. S. 1984 Quantitative light and scanning electron microscopic study of the developing auditory organs in the bullfrog: implications on their functional characteristics Journal of Comparative Neurology 224 141-154 Journal Article Shoop, C.R.;Ruckdeschel, C. 1982 Increasing turtle strandings in the southeast United States: a complicating factor Biological Conservation 23 213-215 loggerhead Conference Proceedings Shotts, E.B., Jr.;Campbell, H.W.;Jacobson, E.;Lee, A.F.;Cardeilhac, P;Joanen, T. 1981 Roundtable discussion on diseases of alligators 73-84 Conference Proceedings Shotts, E.B., Jr. 1981 Bacterial diseases of alligators: An overview 36-41 Journal Article Shy, E. 1980 Changes in acoustic parameters in the course of the mating call of male Hyla arborea savignyi (amphibia: anura) Israel Journal of Zoology 29 141-149 Amphibians, frogs, reproduction, call, acoustics, frequency spectrum, Israel, Journal Article Sicard, R. E. 1983 Blood cells and their role in regeneration. II. Effects of putative immunological manipulations on circulating blood cell counts during regeneration Exp Cell Biol 51 2 109-14 Animal; Antilymphocyte Serum/pharmacology; Blood Cell Count; Blood Cells/*physiology; Cobra Venoms/pharmacology; Comparative Study; Extremities/physiology; Immunity; Leukocytes/physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Spleen/physiology; Splenectomy The participation of leukocytes in regeneration was studied by determining changes in circulating leukocyte counts following putative immunological manipulations. Splenectomy failed to produce leukopenia during regeneration, although a 24-35% reduction in leukocytes occurred in otherwise intact newts. Bovine serum albumin and anti-lymphocyte serum produced initial lympho- and granulocytopenias, but blood counts soon returned to more normal levels. Lymphocytosis followed treatment with cobra venom factor, but marked lymphopenia occurred shortly thereafter. Regeneration occurred in all cases. These data failed to establish a clear correlation between the nature of quantitative changes in circulating leukocyte levels following these treatments and regenerative capacity. Journal Article Siegel, Richard A. 1980 Predation by raccoons on Diamondback Terrpins, Malaclemys terrapin tequesta Journal of Herpetology 14 1 87-88 raccoons, predators Journal Article Sigmund, W. R. 1983 Female preference for Anolis carolinensis males as a function of dewlap color and background coloration Journal of Herpetology 17 2 137-143 Reptiles, lizards, color, throat fan, behavior, discrimination Book Section Silva, G.S. de 1982 The status of sea turtle populations in East Malaysia and the South China Sea Bjorndal, K.A. Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press 327-337 Journal Article Simbotwe, M. P. 1980 Reproductive biology of the skinks Mabuya striata and Mabuya quinquetaeniata in Zambia Herpetologica 36 1 99-104 reptiles, lizards, development, morphology, life history Journal Article Simbotwe, M. P. 1981 Natural selection in the lizard Eumeces obsoletus (Lacertilia: Scincidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 2 143-151 reptiles, lizards, development, morphology Journal Article Simbotwe, M. P. 1983 On spacing patterns and diversity of escape tactics in diurnal geckos (Lygodactylus) in Kafue flats, Zambia Amphibia-Reptilia 4 35-41 reptiles, lizards, activity, body size, behavior Journal Article Simbotwe, M. P. 1983 Comparative ecology of diurnal geckos (Lygodactylus) in Kafue flats, Zambia Afr. J. Ecol. 21 143-153 reptiles, lizards, activity, body size, maturity, Journal Article Simecek, Jirí 1984 Prispevek k etologii skokana zeleného, Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758 [Ein Beitrag zur Ötologii Teichfrosch Rana esculenta Linnaeus, 1758] Fauna Bohemiae Septentrionalis 9 53-54 Journal Article Simmons, P. A.;Getchell, T. V. 1981 Neurogenesis in olfactory epithelium: loss and recovery of transepithelial voltage transients following olfactory nerve section J Neurophysiol 45 3 516-28 Ambystoma; Animal; Epithelium/physiology; Evoked Potentials; Kinetics; *Nerve Regeneration; Odors; Olfactory Mucosa/*innervation; Olfactory Nerve/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. Unilateral olfactory nerve section was performed on the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Physiological recordings and macroscopic observations were made to investigate the physiological correlates of functional recovery in the olfactory epithelium. 2. Slow transepithelial voltage transients, Veog, evoked by several odorous stimuli systematically decreased in amplitude during the initial 7 days and were not recorded at 10 days following nerve section, suggesting retrograde degeneration of receptor neurons. This was true for negative Veog(-), and positive, Veog(+), response components. Responses obtained from the untreated contralateral side of each animal remained similar to nonaxotomized controls. 3. Progressive recovery of the voltage transients was studied at 24, 45, 80, and 100 days following nerve section. At all stages of recovery, the wave form and time course of the responses were characteristic for each stimulus. This suggested that the response properties of the newly differentiated neuronal population were similar to those of the mature population. 4. At 100 days, response amplitudes evoked by all stimuli were similar to control values at all recording sites on the epithelial surface. The simultaneous loss and recovery of positive and negative components of the Veog indicated that the sources of both are dependent on the presence of functionally mature olfactory receptor neurons. 5. Visual inspection indicated that the olfactory nerve was reconstituted and reconnected to the olfactory bulb between 30-60 days following transection. The fact that physiological activity was recorded in the epithelium prior to this event suggests that molecular recognition and sensory transduction are not dependent on connectivity with the olfactory bulb. 6. It is concluded that physiological recovery of the olfactory receptor cell population occurs following axotomy. The time course of recovery was consistent with morphological evidence (see Ref. 57), indicating that newly differentiated receptor neurons are derived from cells in the basal region of the epithelium and replace the population lost through retrograde degeneration. Journal Article Simmons, P. A.;Getchell, T. V. 1981 Physiological activity of newly differentiated olfactory receptor neurons correlated with morphological recovery from olfactory nerve section in the salamander J Neurophysiol 45 3 529-49 Ambystoma; Animal; Cell Differentiation; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium/physiology; *Nerve Regeneration; Neurons/*physiology; Odors; Olfactory Mucosa/*innervation; Olfactory Nerve/*physiology; Physical Stimulation; Receptors, Sensory/*physiology; Structure-Activity Relationship; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. Extracellular unitary recordings were made from the olfactory epithelium of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, at numerous time points following olfactory nerve section. Unitary response properties were correlated with histological examination of the same tissues. 2. At 10 days following nerve section, unitary activity was rarely recorded in all regions of the epithelium. Histological examination indicated that virtually the entire mature olfactory receptor cell population had undergone retrograde degeneration. Transneuronal degeneration was not observed in the olfactory bulb, although the olfactory nerve and glomerular layers were substantially reduced in size. 3. At subsequent times, unitary impulse activity gradually returned, consisting of both spontaneous activity and odor-evoked discharges. Anatomical recovery of the olfactory epithelium preceded that of the olfactory bulb. A positive correlation was found between neuronal differentiation in the olfactory epithelium and the recovery of receptor cell function. 4. Patterns of spontaneous activity, odor specificities, intensity-response functions, and adaptive properties studied in newly differentiated olfactory receptor neurons were indistinguishable from those observed in control units. This indicated that these properties were intrinsic to the receptor neurons. 5. Spontaneously active and responsive units were encountered prior to olfactory nerve connection with the bulb. It is concluded that receptor neurons pass through two phases of functional maturity: the first independent of bulbar contact and the second dependent on presumed synaptic contact with bulbar neurons. Journal Article Simmons, P. A.;Rafols, J. A.;Getchell, T. V. 1981 Ultrastructural changes in olfactory receptor neurons following olfactory nerve section J Comp Neurol 197 2 237-57 Ambystoma; Animal; Axons/ultrastructure; Denervation; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Degeneration; Nerve Regeneration; Neurons/ultrastructure; Olfactory Mucosa/*innervation; Olfactory Nerve/*anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Unilateral olfactory nerve section was performed in the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. An ultrastructural study was performed to investigate the changes occurring during degeneration and replacement of the mature olfactory receptor neurons. Experimental and contralateral control tissues were examined following postoperative survival periods ranging from 12 hours to 90 days. Normal bipolar receptor neurons have a fusiform cell body containing a thin rim of cytoplasm and an ovoid nucleus with a characteristic "checkerboard" chromatin pattern. A single apical dendrite projects to the surface of the epithelium, where numerous cilia extend from its apex into the overlying mucus. A single, unmyelinated, unbranching axon originates at the basal pole of the cell. After nerve section, retrograde degeneration of the mature neurons occurs. Early degenerative changes include pronounced condensation of the nuclear chromatin, increased number of nuclear membrane infoldings, and dilation of the space between the membranes of the nuclear envelope. At a later stage, the cytoplasm of the cell increases in volume and its organelle systems break down, resulting in accumulation of various forms of cell inclusions. Subsequently, proliferation of cells in the basal region of the epithelium occurs. Between 3 week and 2 months following nerve section, these cells differentiate into mature neurons. By 3 months, neurons within the epithelium have resumed their normal ultrastructure. Correlation of the time course of the ultrastructural changes with previously reported neurophysiological studies indicates that neuronal activity of the epithelium is dependent upon the presence of fully differentiated olfactory receptor neurons. Journal Article Simmons, John E. 1982 The destruction of the Amazon jungle: causes and consequences Animal Keepers' Forum 9 9 201-204 Journal Article Simon, Carol A.;Middendorf, George A. 1980 Spacing in juvenile lizards (Sceloporus jarrovi) Copeia 1980 1 141-146 Journal Article Simon, C. A.;Bessinger, B. E. 1981 Paint-marking of lizards: does it affect survivorship? American Zoologist 21 4 1020 reptiles, method Journal Article Simon, C. A.;Gravelle, K.;Bissinger, B. E.;Eiss, I.;Ruibal, R. 1981 The role of chemoreception in the iguanid lizard Sceloporus jarrovi Animal Behaviour 29 46-54 reptiles, sense, tongue flick, reproduction, feeding, behaivor Journal Article Simon, Carol A. 1982 Masters of the tongue flick Natural History 81 9 58-67 Journal Article Simon, Martin P. 1983 The ecology of parental care in a terrestrial breeding frog from New Guinea Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 14 61-67 Anura, Microhylidae, Cophixalus parkeri, parental care, male egg brooding, egg defense, Indioarcapelago, New Guinea, 163 Journal Article Simon, Carol A.;Bissinger, Barbara E. 1983 Paint marking lizards: does the color affect survivorship? Journal of Herpetology 17 2 184-186 Lampropeltis pyromelana food feeding Journal Article Simonetti Z., J.;Ortiz, J. C. 1980 Dominio en Liolaemus kuhlmanni (Reptilia: Iguanidae) Anales del museo de historia natural 13 167-172 reptiles, lizards, home range, body size, dimorphism, Report Singh, L.A.K. 1982 Situation report: India Journal Article Singh, L.A.K.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 The snout of the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) Brit. J. Herp. 6 7 253-258 GG, anatomy, India Journal Article Singh, L.A.K.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 Geographical distribution of the gharial, Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) in Orissa, India Brit. J. Herp. 6 7 259-260 GG, distribution, India Journal Article Singh, L.A.K.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 Congenital defects in the gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin) Brit. J. Herp. 6 6 215-219 GG, disease, India Journal Article Singh, N. P.;Fain, H.;Lewis, L. L.;Paschoa, A. S.;Wrenn, M. E. 1984 Thorium, uranium, and plutonium in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi): A preliminary report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 34-42 Journal Article Singh, S. B.;Lang, C. M. 1984 ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF KILHAM RAT VIRUS INFECTION IN RATS. LAB.ANIM 18 364-370. Mammalia, rodentia, RAT; VIRUS DISEASES, KILHAM RAT VIRUS; TECHNQUES (SEROLOGIC), IMMUNOSORBENT TEST (ELISA). Book Section Singh, L.A.K. 1984 Situation report: India Central Crocodile Breeding and Management Project Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 165-170 Report Singh, L.A.K. 1984 Developments in Crocodilian research and management Journal Article Singh, L.A.K. 1984 The Indian mugger, Crocodylus palustris Lesson (Reptilia, Crocodilia: Observations on the behavior of a female from nature J.Bombay nat.Hist. Soc. 80 3 499-506 CPL, courtship, reproduction, India Journal Article Sites, Jack W., Jr.;Dixon, James R. 1981 A new subspecies of the Iguanid lizard, Sceloporus grammicus, from Northeastern Mexico, with comments on its Evolutionary implications and the status of S. g. disparilis Journal of Herpetology 15 1 59-69 Journal Article Sites, J. W.;Dixon, J. R. 1982 Geographic variation in Sceloporus variabilis, and its relationship to S. teapensis (Sauria: Iguanidae) Copeia 1982 1 14-27 reptiles, lizards, geography, meristic characters, range, cluster, morphology Journal Article Sites, Jack W., Jr;Dixon, James R. 1982 Geographic variation in Sceloporus variabilis, and its relationship to S. teapensis (Sauria: Iguanidae) Copeia 1982 1 14-27 Sceloporus variabilis; Sceloporus teapensis; Geographic variation Journal Article Slaughter, M. M.;Miller, R. F. 1981 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: a new pharmacological tool for retina research Science 211 4478 182-5 Action Potentials/drug effects; Aminobutyric Acids/*pharmacology; Animal; In Vitro; Light; Necturus; Organophosphorus Compounds/*pharmacology; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects; Retina/cytology/*drug effects/physiology/radiation effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Vision/drug effects Information processing in the vertebrate retina occurs in two separate channels known as ON and OFF channels. When intracellular electrophysiological recordings were obtained from the perfused retina- eyecup preparation of the mud-puppy (Necturus maculosus), the addition of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid to the bathing medium blocked all responses in the ON channel but left intact the OFF responses including OFF ganglion cell discharge. 2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid blocks the light response of the ON bipolar cell by mimicking the endogenous photoreceptor transmitter. Book Slavens, Frank L. 1980 Inventory of Live Reptiles and Amphibians in North American Collections, Current January 1, 1980 Seattle, WA Frank L. Slavens xvi + 156 Book Slavens, Frank L. 1982 Inventory of Live Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity Current January 1, 1982 Seattle, WA Frank L. Slavens xv + 197 Book Section Slavkin, Harold C.;Zeichner-David, Margarita;Snead, Malcolm L.;Graham, Edward E.;Samuel, Nelson;Ferguson, Mark W. J. 1984 Amelogenesis in Reptilia: Evolutionary aspects of Enamel gene products Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 275-304 Journal Article Smet, W. H. O. De 1981 The nuclear Feulgen-DNA content of the vertebrates (especially reptiles), as measured by fluorescence cytophotometry, with notes on the cells and their chromosome size. Acta. Zool. Pathol. Antverpiensia 76 119-167 reptiles, feulgen-DMA content, structure Journal Article Smith, H. M.;Smith, R. B. 1980 Sternotherus Gray, 1825, correct spelling; and Pelusios Wagler, 1830, proposed conservation (Reptilia, Testudines) Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 37 2 124-128 Journal Article Smith, H. M. 1980 Geoemyda Gray, 1834, and Rhinoclemmys Fitzinger, 1835 (Reptilia, Testudines): proposed conservation Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 37 4 233-239 Journal Article Smith, H. M.;Chiszar, D.;Smith, R. B. 1980 Rafinesque, 1822, "On the turtles of the United States" (Reptilia, Testudines): proposed suppression by use of the plenary powers Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 37 1 53-56 Journal Article Smith, H. M.;Smith, R. B. 1980 Herrera's forulae are not names. Proposed direction supplementary to direction 32. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 36 4 246-248 Journal Article Smith, A.L.;Anderson, C.R. 1980 Susceptibility of Two Turtle Species to Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus J. of Wildlife Diseases 16 4 651-617 Reptilia, testudines, infection, virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis Journal Article Smith, N.J.H. 1980 Caimans, capybaras, otters, manatees and man in Amazonia Biol. Cons. 19 177-187 CCR, MN, PAL, utilization, conservation, South America Journal Article Smith, J. M. 1980 A new theory of sexual investment Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 7 247-251 sex ratio Journal Article Smith, H. M. 1981 Book review: Handbuch der terrarienkunde Bull. Mary. Herp. Soc. 17 3 120-121 Journal Article Smith, D. C. 1981 Competitive interactions of the striped plateau lizard(Sceloporus virgatus) and the tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) Ecology 62 3 679-687 Reptiles, lizards, competition, Arizona, population dynamics, demography Journal Article Smith, H. M.;Chiszar, D. 1981 An observation on winter emergence Bull. Mary. Herp. Soc. 17 3 107-109 Journal Article Smith, H. M.;Smith, R. B. 1981 Another epiphytic alligator lizard (Abronia) from Mexico Bull. Mary. Herp. Soc. 17 2 51-60 description Journal Article Smith, David C. 1981 Competitive interactions of the striped plateau lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) and the tree lizard (Urosaurus ornatus) Ecology 62 3 679-687 Conference Proceedings Smith, J.;Cardeilhac, P. 1981 Pen design and stocking densities for hatchlings, grow-out and reproduction 10-14 Journal Article Smith, M. H.;Straney, D. O. 1981 Biochemical similarities among Puerto Rican Eleutherodactylus Copeia 1981 2 463-466 Book Section Smith, Charles R. 1982 Food resource partitioning of fossorial Florida reptiles Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 173-178 tantilla relicta eumeces eregius neoseps reynoldsi Book Smith, Rozella B.;Chiszar, David 1982 Fifty Years of Herpetology. Publications of Hobart M. Smith North Bennington John Johnson v + 78 Book Smith, Hobart M.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr 1982 A Guide to Field Identification of Reptiles of North America New York Golden Press 240 Journal Article Smith, G. N., Jr.;Linsenmayer, T. F. 1982 Collagens from the skin and cartilage of the larval salamander Ambystoma tigrinum J Exp Zool 220 2 243-50 Ambystoma; Amino Acids/analysis; Animal; Cartilage/*analysis; Collagen/*analysis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Larva/analysis; Molecular Weight; Skin/*analysis; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The major collagens of larval salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) skin and cartilage were purified and characterized by CM-cellulose chromatography and amino acid analysis of the component alpha chains. The collagens are similar to type I (skin) and type II (cartilage) collagens of birds and mammals. The type I molecule has the chain composition (alpha 1)2 alpha 2, and the type II molecule is an (alpha 1)3 molecule. Both collagens have lower levels of proline hydroxylation than the collagens isolated from homoiotherms, and generally higher serine contents. The type II collagen molecule has about half of its lysine residues hydroxylated, as in cartilage collagens of other species. Cyanogen bromide digestion of the component alpha chains followed by CM-cellulose chromatography or SDS gel electrophoresis of the peptides confirms that each chain is a different gene product and allows identification of the collagens in this species. Similar collagens were isolated from newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) tissues by pepsin extraction and fractional salt precipitation. These data will allow more effective utilization of the regeneration salamander limb for studies of collagen metabolism during regeneration. Journal Article Smith, David C. 1983 Factors controlling tadpole populations of the chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata) on Isle Royale, Michigan Ecology 64 3 501-510 Anura, Hylidae, Pseudacris triseriata, tadpoles, Anax junius, competition, density, growth, predation, predictability, survivorship, USA, Michigan, 73 Journal Article Smith, D.A.;Barker, I.D. 1983 Preliminary observations on the effects of ambient temperatures on cutaneous wound healing in snakes Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 210-211 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, skin, healing Journal Article Smith, D. C. 1983 Factors controlling tadpole populations of the chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata) on Isle Royale, Michigan. Ecology 64 501-510 Journal Article Smith, D.A. 1984 The effect of certain topical medications on healing of cutaneous wounds in snakes AAZV 55 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, trauma, skin, therapy, aerosol, ointment 160590 MDL DGB Journal Article Smith, E. Norbert;Standora, Edward A.;Robertson, Stanley L. 1984 Physiological thermoregulation of mature alligators Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 77A 1 189-193 Report Smithson, P.C. 1981 The range and distribution of the American alligator in North Carolina Journal Article Smits, Allan W. 1980 Winter activity and mortality in juvenile Chuckwallas (Saromalus obesus) Journal of Herpetology 14 1 100 hibernation Journal Article Smits, Allan W.;Crawford, Douglas L. 1984 Emergence of toads to activity: A statistical analysis of contributing cues Copeia 1984 3 696-701 bufo boreas halophilus Journal Article Smits, Allan W. 1984 Activity patterns and thermal biology of the toad Bufo boreas halophilus Copeia 1984 3 689-696 bufo boreas halophilus Journal Article Smolders, J.;Klinke, R. 1982 Quantitative investigation of temperature effects in primary auditory fibers in Caiman crocodilus Arch Otorhinolaryngol 234 2 203-4 Acoustic Nerve/*physiology; Alligators and Crocodiles/*physiology; Animal; Auditory Threshold/physiology; *Body Temperature; Cochlea/physiology; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Nerve Fibers/physiology; Reptiles/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Characteristic frequencies (CF) of primary auditory afferents in the caiman depend upon body temperature. In the range tested (11 degrees C - 34 degrees C), the change is in the order of 1.5 octaves. Low temperature leads to low CF. Journal Article Snell, Howard L.;Fritts, Thomas H. 1983 The significance of diurnal terrestrial emergence of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Galápagos Archipelago Biotropica 15 4 285-291 Journal Article Snipes, K.P.;Biberstein, E.L.;Fowler, M.E. 1980 A pasteurella sp. associated with respiratory disease in captive desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii Javma 1980 804-807 Reptilia, testudines, Gopherus agassizii, respiratory disease, pneumonia, infection, Pasteurella sp. testu,vet,bakt Fernl x Journal Article Snipes, K.P.;E.L. Biberstein, M.E. Fowler 1980 A Pasteurella sp. associated with respiratory disease in captive desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 177 9 804-807 Journal Article Snipes, K.P.;Biberstein, E.L. 1982 Pasteurella testudinis: a parasite of desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 32 2 201-210 Journal Article Sokol, Otto. M. 1981 Anuran phylogeny and evolution: new morphological criteria applied to a model group, the pelobatoids Amphibia, Anura, systematics, phylogenetics, evolution, character evolution, osteology, muscles, tongue, reproduction, development, shoulder girdle, primitive, derived, neobatrachia, archeobatrachia, pelobatids, microhylids, larva, tadpoles Journal Article Sokol, Otto M. 1981 The larval chondrocranium of Pelodytes punctatus, with a review of tadpole chondrocrania Journal of Morphology 169 161-183 Amphibia, Anura, Pelodytes punctatus, development, osteology, skull Journal Article Sokol, O. M. 1981 The filter apparatus of larval Pelodytes punctatus (Amphibia: Anura) Amphibia-Reptilia 2 195-208 Journal Article Sokol, A. 1984 Plasticity in the fine timing of metamorphosis in tadpoles of the hylid frog, Litoria ewingi Copeia 1984 868-873 Journal Article Sommerville, J.;Scheer, U. 1982 Transcription of complementary repeat sequences in amphibian oocytes Chromosoma 86 1 95-113 Amphibia; Animal; Base Composition; Dna; Evolution; Female; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes/genetics; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oocytes; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear/genetics; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; *Transcription, Genetic Repeat sequences are transcribed in the germinal vesicles of amphibian oocytes. In the hnRNA population both complements of the repeats are found and can be readily detected because they form intermolecular duplex structures. The structure and formation of duplex regions have been studied in the hnRNA of Xenopus laevis, Triturus cristatus, Amphiuma means and Necturus maculosus, a series of amphibians of increasing genome size (C-value). In T. cristatus, the duplex structures are mostly 600-1200 bp in length, whereas in X. laevis they are shorter and in N. maculosus they tend to be longer. Although the proportion of RNA sequence capable of rapidly forming duplex structures is different in different organisms, this property bears no relationship to C-value. However the sequence complexity of complementary repeats, as estimated from the rate of duplex formation, does show an increasing trend with C-value. The complementary repeats found in oocyte hnRNA are transcribed from families of DNA sequence that are each represented in the genome by thousands of copies. The extent of cross-species hybridization is low, indicating that the repeat sequences transcribed in different amphibian genera are not the same. In situ hybridization experiments indicate that the repeat sequences are spread throughout the genome. The evolution and possible function of complementary repeats are considered. Journal Article Song, Mingtao 1984 Findings report on Amphibians of Southern Shaanxi Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3(3) 65-66 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, Batrachuperus pinchonii, Ranodon tsinpaensis, Liua shihi, Megalobatrachus diavidianus, Megophrys minor, Bufo bufo gargarizans, Bufo bufo andrewsi, Bufo raddei, Hyal arborea, Hyla tsinlingensis, Rana boulengeri, Rana limnocharis, Rana livida, Rana nigromaculata, Rnana quadranus, Rana schmackeri, Rana japonica chaochiaoensis, Rana temporaria chensinensis, Staurois chunganensis, Rhacophrus leucomystax, Microhyla mixtura, Microhyla ornata, Kaloula borealis, elevational distribution, Journal Article Sparreboom, Max 1980 Boekbespreking: Reptiles of Northern and Central Europe Lacerta 38 9 96 Book Section Speake, D.W. 1981 The gopher tortoise burrow community The future of gopher tortoise habitats. (Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Gopher Tortoise Council) Mississippi Museum of Natural Sciences, Jackson, MS 44-47 Journal Article Speake, D.W. 1983 Report of the survey of indigo snake / gopher tortoise density on the Margo study area of Kennedy Space Center, Florida Book Spellerberg, Ian F. 1982 Biology of Reptiles: An Ecological Approach New York Chapman & Hall viii, 158 p. Journal Article Spengler, John C.;Smith, Hobart M.;Casas-Andreu, Gustavo 1982 A range extension for the alligator lizard Barisia gadovi levigata Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 18 3 172-174 Journal Article Sperry, D. C.;Grobstein., P. 1983 Postmetamorphic changes in the lumbar lateral motor column in relation to muscle growth in the toad, Bufo americanus Journal of Comparative Neurology 216 104-114 Journal Article Spiegel, R.A.;Larsen, R.E.;Lane, T.J.;Cardeilhac, P.T. 1984 Chemical restraint in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) using a combination of diazepan and succinylcholine chloride Int. Assoc. Aquatic Anim. Med. 1 1 13-16 AM, immobilization, FL Journal Article Spiegel, R. A.;Lane, T. J.;Larsen, R. E.;Cardeilhac, P. T. 1984 Diazepam and succinylcholine chloride for restraint of the American alligator J Am Vet Med Assoc 185 11 1335-6 *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Cloaca; *Diazepam; Female; *Immobilization; Insemination, Artificial/veterinary; Physical Examination/veterinary; *Reptiles; *Succinylcholine; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Diazepam followed by succinylcholine chloride was administered intramuscularly to 26 healthy mature female alligators on 2 occasions. The mean diazepam dosage was 0.37 mg/kg (range, 0.22 mg/kg to 0.62 mg/kg) and the mean succinylcholine chloride dosage was 0.24 mg/kg (range, 0.14 mg/kg to 0.37 mg/kg). This drug combination reduced stress and allowed adequate immobilization for restraint and handling. The reduced drug volume, low dosage of succinylcholine chloride required, short induction period, maintenance of respiration, and adequate degree of immobilization make this drug combination a good alternative to the use of muscle relaxants alone in chemical restraint of alligators. Journal Article Spotila, J.R.;Standora, E.A.;Morreale, S.J.;Ruiz, G.J.;Puccia, C. 1983 Methodology for the study of temperature related phenomena affecting sea turtle eggs U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report #11 sex ratio; temperature Journal Article Spotila, J. R.;Foley, R. E.;Schubauer, J. P.;Semlitsch, R. D.;Crawford, K. M.;Standora, E. A;Gibbons, J. W. 1984 Opportunistic behavioral thermoregulation of turtles, Pseudemys scripta, in response to microclimatology of a nuclear reactor cooling reservoir Herpetologica 40 3 299-308 reptiles, behavior, temperature, Trachemys, preferred temperature, basking, effluents, SREL Journal Article Sprackland, R. G. 1982 Feeding and nutrition of monitor lizards in captivity and in the wild Bull. Kansas Herpetol. Soc. 1982 15 15-18 echsen,vit,oeko Wunsch x Journal Article Sprent, J. F. A. 1983 Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Freitasascaris n. g. Journal of Helminthology 57 283-290 Journal Article SSAR 1983 Recent herpetological literature SSAR 1 1-66 reptile, amphibian, Book SSAR 1983 Silver Anniversary Membership Directory Athens, OH SSAR 55 Journal Article St. Amant, James A. 1980 State Report - California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 68-69 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article St. Amant, James A. 1981 The desert plan - 1980 and 1981 update Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 195-199 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article St. Amant, James A. 1983 1983 annual award: California Turtle and Tortoise Club Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 5-6 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Stamps, J. A.;Tanaka, S.;Krishnan, V. V. 1981 The relationship between selectivity and food abundance in a juvenile lizard Ecology 62 4 1079-1092 Reptiles, lizards, Anolis aeneus, aggression, Anoles, behavior, competition, model, sexual selection, vertebrate, West Indies, Grenada, foraging Journal Article Stamps, Judy;Tanaka, Sanford 1981 The influence of food and water on growth rates in a tropical lizard (Anolis aeneus) Ecology 2 1 33-40 Journal Article Stamps, Judy Ann 1983 Book review: Iguanas of the World Science 220 1145-1146 Journal Article Stancyk, S.E.;Talbert, O.R.;Dean, J.M. 1980 Nesting activity of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta in South Carolina, II. Protection of nests from raccoon predation by transplantation Biological Conservation 18 289-298 loggerhead Journal Article Standora, Edward A.;Spotila, James R.;Foley, Robert E. 1982 Regional endothermy in the sea turtle, Chelonia mydas Journal of Thermal Biology 7 159-165 green turtle, chelonia mydas Journal Article Stangel, P. W. 1983 Least sandpiper predation on Bufo americanus and Ambystoma maculatum larvae Herpetological Review 14 112 Journal Article Stanton, William 1980 An institution for rational amusement Science 208 706 Journal Article Stark-Vanes, V.;Bell, P. B.;Hutchison, V. H. 1984 Morphological and pharmacological basis for pulmonary ventilation in Amphiuma tridactylum: an ultrastructural study Cell Tissue Research 238 1-12 amphibians, lung, smooth muscle, extracellular matrix Conference Proceedings Staton, M.A. 1980 Variation in some reproductive attributes of Caiman crocodilus from the Venezuelan Llanos (Abstract only) Journal Article Stauffer, J. R., Jr.;Gates, J. E.;Goodfellow., W. L. 1983 Preferred temperature of two sympatric Ambystoma jeffersonianum, maculatum] larvae: a proximate factor in niche segregation? Copeia 1983 1001-1005 Journal Article Stehouwer, D. J.;Farel., P. B. 1980 Central and peripheral controls of swimming in anuran larvae Brain Research 195 323-335 Journal Article Stehouwer, D. J. 1981 Sensory interactions with a central motor program in anuran larvae Brain Research 218 131-140 Journal Article STEINECKE, H. 1983 So werden Unken richtig rot Herpetofauna 5 27 6-7 Amphibia, anura, frog, feeding, food, xanthaxantin, dye vet,vit,lurch PF x Journal Article Steinwascher, K. 1981 Competition for two resources Oecologia 49 415-418 Journal Article Steinwascher, K.;Travis., J. 1983 Influence oood quality and quantity on early larval growth of two anurans Copeia 1983 238-242 Journal Article Steinwascher, K.;Travis., J. 1983 Influence of food quality and quantity on early larval growth of two anurans Copeia 1983 238-242 Book Stemmler, Othmar 1980 Die Reptilien der Schweiz Basel Naturhistorischen Museum Basel 59 Journal Article Steneck, R. S.;Watling., L. 1982 Feeding capabilities and limitation of herbivorous mollusc: a functional group approach Mar. Biol. 68 299-319 Journal Article Stenhouse, S. L.;Hairston, N. G.;Cory., A. E. 1983 Predation and competition in Ambystoma larvae: field Hand laboratory experiments Journal of Herpetology 17 210-220 Book Section Steopoe, Ion;Chiriac, Elena;Prunescu, Constantin;Prunescu, Paula 1983 Aspect histologique des lesions produites par Brandesia turgida dans l'intestin de Rana temporaria Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 79-80 Journal Article Stephenson, E. C.;Erba, H. P.;Gall, J. G. 1981 Histone gene clusters of the newt notophthalmus are separated by long tracts of satellite DNA Cell 24 3 639-47 Animal; Base Sequence; Chromosomes; Cloning, Molecular; *DNA, Satellite; *Genes, Structural; Histones/*genetics; Notophthalmus viridescens; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The genomic organization of the histone genes of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens is described. Genes for the five proteins are clustered on a 9.0 kb segment of cloned DNA which is part of a homogeneous family of sequences containing 600--800 members per haploid genome. The 9.0 kb histone gene clusters are not adjacent in the genome, but are separated from neighboring clusters by up to 50 kb or more of cluster spacer sequences; some or all of these spacer sequences are members of a predominantly centromeric satellite DNA with a 2235 bp repeating unit. Book Sternberg, James 1981 The Worldwide Distribution of Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches Washington, DC Sea Turtle Rescue Fund, Center for Environmental Education 4 pp, 6 large foldout maps Journal Article Stevanovic, A. M.;Kalezic, Milos L. 1980 Einige Taxonomisch-Biogeographischen Merkmale des Kammolchs (Triturus cristatus Laur.) im Gebiet der Krusevacka zupa und in Ihrer Umgebung Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Belgrade 35 65-75 Journal Article Stevens, David W. 1980 1979 annual award: Profile of recipient, Mary Trotter Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 12 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Stevens, Timothy P. 1980 Notes on Thermoregualtion and Reproduction in Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus Journal of Herpetology 14 4 418-420 temperature, whiptail Journal Article Stevens, David W. 1981 Major accomplishments of the Desert Tortoise Council in 1980 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 2-3 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Stevens, David W. 1982 Major accomplishments of the Desert Tortoise Council in 1981 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 2 Journal Article Stevens, T. P. 1983 Reproduction in an upper elevation population of Cnemidophorus inornatus (Reptilia, Teiidae) Southwestern Naturalist 28 1 9-20 reptiles, lizards, Arizona, cycle Journal Article Stewart, M. M.;Rossi, J. 1981 The albany pine bush: a northern outpost for southern species of amphibians and reptiles in New York American Midland Naturalist 106 2 282-292 Herps, pine barrens, community structure, species list, distribution, biogegraphy Journal Article Stewart, M. M.;Biuso, L. F. 1982 A bibliography of the green frog, Rana clamitans Latreille 1801-1981 Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 56 1-53 Amphibians, frogs, bibliography, Journal Article Stewart, M. M.;Biuso, L. F. 1982 A bibliography if the greenfrog, Rana clamitans Lateille Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 56 1-53 green frog, literature, bibliography Journal Article Stewart, M. M.;Pough, F. H. 1983 Population density in tropical forest frogs: relation to retreat sites Science 221 570-572 amphibians, frogs, microhabitats, Journal Article Stewart, Margaret M. 1983 Rana clamitans Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 337 1-4 Journal Article Stewart, Margaret M.;Pough, F. Harvey 1983 Population density of tropical forest frogs: relation to retreat sites Science 221 570-572 Journal Article Stewart, J. R. 1984 Thermal biology of the live bearing lizard Gerrhonotus coeruleus Herpetologica 40 4 349-355 reptiles, reproduction, temperature, Journal Article Stiffler, D. F.;Hawk, C. T.;Fowler, B. C. 1980 Renal excretion of urea in the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum J Exp Zool 213 2 205-12 p-Aminohippuric Acid/pharmacology; Animal; Dinitrophenols/pharmacology; Hypophysectomy; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism; Larva/metabolism; Phlorhizin/pharmacology; Urea/*metabolism; Urodela/*physiology Renal excretion of urea was assessed in adult and larval Ambystoma tigrinum by comparing simultaneous clearances of urea and inulin. The mean adult urea clearance ratio (CU/CIn) was 0.70 +/- 0.08 indicating net urea absorption. Larvae yielded a mean CU/CIn of 0.92 +/- 0.04. Individual larvae were quite variable however as approximately 30% displayed CU/CIn > 1. There was a significant negative correlation between CU/CIn and fractional water reabsorption. Comparisons of larval kidney urea concentration (KU) and plasma urea concentration (PU) revealed a mean KU/PU of 1.43 +/- 0.15. Treatment with 2,4- dinitrophenol decreased larval CU/CIn to 0.80 +/- 0.05 and KU/PU to 0.91 +/- 0.08. Phloridzin also decreased CU/CIn (0.67 +/- 0.06) however para-aminohippuric acid had no effect. Hypophysectomy combined with cautery of the pituitary stalk resulted in CU/CIn of 1.71 +/- 0.33 as compared to 0.84 +/- 0.08 in shams. These results are consistent with the possibility of net urea secretion at some point in the A. tigrinum nephron, followed by passive reabsorption in the distal segments under the influence of antidiuretic hormone. Journal Article Stiffler, D. F. 1981 The effects of mesotocin on renal function in hypophysectomized Ambystoma tigrinum larvae Gen Comp Endocrinol 45 1 49-55 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Electrolytes/metabolism; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects; Hypophysectomy; Kidney/drug effects/*physiology; Kidney Tubules/physiology; Larva/drug effects/physiology; Oxytocin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology Journal Article Stiffler, D. F.;Tufts, B. L.;Toews, D. P. 1983 Acid-base and ionic balance in Ambystoma tigrinum and Necturus maculosus during hypercapnia Am J Physiol 245 5 Pt 1 R689-94 *Acid-Base Equilibrium; Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Bicarbonates/blood; Carbon Dioxide/blood; Chlorides/blood; Comparative Study; Electrolytes/*blood; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypercapnia/*physiopathology; Necturus/*physiology; Partial Pressure; Potassium/blood; Sodium/blood; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The aquatic urodeles Ambystoma tigrinum and Necturus maculosus responded to hypercapnia quite differently. A. tigrinum, after 2-h exposure to 22 Torr partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2), decreased arterial pH (pHa) from 7.85 to 7.32 and increased arterial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) to 26 Torr. Plasma [HCO-3] [( HCO-3]pl) remained constant at about 17 mM. Prolonged exposure (24 h) led to a 26% extracellular compensation as pHa rose to 7.46 while [HCO-3]pl increased to 24 mM. Plasma [K+] increased and [Cl-] decreased while [Na+] remained unchanged. Recovery in normocapnic water reversed these changes. N. maculosus did not display similar compensatory changes. Two-hour exposure to 17 Torr PCO2 resulted in a decline of pHa from 7.66 to 7.24, which was not compensated (pHa = 7.19) after 24 h. There were no significant changes in plasma [Na+], [K+], [Cl-], or [HCO-3]. The pHa decline reversed after recovery in normocapnic water, however. The fact that compensation for hypercapnic in A. tigrinum was accompanied by changes in Cl- and K+ concentrations may indicate the participation of epithelial transport mechanisms involving these ions in acid-base balance. Journal Article Stock, G. B.;Bryant, S. V. 1981 Studies of digit regeneration and their implications for theories of development and evolution of vertebrate limbs J Exp Zool 216 3 423-33 Amputation; Animal; *Evolution; Extremities/embryology/physiology; Fishes; Hindlimb/*abnormalities; Models, Biological; Regeneration; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tarsus, Animal/*abnormalities; Vertebrates/physiology Simple amputation of various combinations of hindlimb digits of Notophthalmus viridescens resulted in a variety of abnormal regenerates. The abnormalities included the formation of adventitious digits and branched digits, fusion between digits, and increases and decreases in the normal number of phalanges. The type of abnormality was correlated with the proximal-distal level of amputation and with the identity of the digits removed. These results are discussed in the context of a model for normal digit formation. An important feature of this model is that the normal regeneration of separate digits is dependent upon precise and orderly interactions between different parts of the limb circumference. In the experiments we report, the disruption of these orderly interactions leads to a variety of abnormalities. In addition, the model for digit formation presented here is discussed in light of its implications for evolutionary trends in the tetrapod limb. Journal Article Stockard, M. E.;R. E. Gatten, Jr. 1983 Activity metabolism of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) Copeia 1 214-221 reptiles, lactate, energetics, oxygen Journal Article Stockton, Laura A. 1980 Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 72-74 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Stockton, Laura 1981 Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 67-71 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Stockton, Laura A. 1983 Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 66-68 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Stockton, Laura A. 1984 Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee Report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 108-110 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Stocum, D. L. 1982 Determination of axial polarity in the urodele limb regeneration blastema Journal Of Embryology And Experimental Morphology 71 193-214 Journal Article Stocum, D. L.;Thoms, S. D. 1984 Retinoic-acid-induced pattern completion in regenerating double anterior limbs of urodeles J Exp Zool 232 2 207-15 Amputation; Animal; Forelimb/*drug effects/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Regeneration/*drug effects; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tretinoin/*pharmacology The effects of retinoic acid on the regeneration of double anterior lower arms in the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, were investigated. Normally, double anterior lower arms regenerate a hypomorphic, symmetrical pattern of structures, which are distally complete; and double anterior upper arms regenerate a hypomorphic, symmetrical but distally incomplete pattern of structures. In limbs with a normal anteroposterior axis, the major effect of retinoic acid is to alter the proximodistal (PD) positional value of cells local at the amputation level to a much more proximal value, thereby creating duplications in the regenerate of structures proximal to the amputation plane (Thoms and Stocum, '84). Therefore, we predicted that double anterior lower arms treated with retinoic acid would regenerate like double anterior upper arms. However, in a substantial number of cases, each half of these double anterior lower arms regenerated a limb that was complete in the anteroposterior (AP) axis, with asymmetry corresponding to the half of origin. In addition, these regenerates were serially duplicated in the PD axis. These results indicate that retinoic acid can posteriorize the positional value of midline cells, leading to restoration of normal AP pattern, when the set of posterior- half positional values is removed from the cross section of the limb. Journal Article Stokes, G. D.;Dunson, W. A. 1982 Permeability and channel structure of reptilian skin Am J Physiol 242 6 F681-9 Animal; Body Water/metabolism; Bromine/metabolism; *Cell Membrane Permeability; Ion Channels/*physiology; Membrane Lipids/physiology; Membrane Proteins/physiology; Potassium/metabolism; Skin/*physiology; *Skin Physiology; Snakes/*physiology; Sodium/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Turtles/*physiology A study of the permeability of shed epidermis from some terrestrial and freshwater snakes was conducted. Permeability to Br, Na, and K ions was very low and showed a higher influx than efflux in most cases. Permeability to the smaller water molecule was much greater, and in contrast efflux was higher than influx. Skins from aquatic snakes with larger water permeabilities also showed greater permeabilities to Na and K. The highly aquatic Regina septemvittata has the most permeable skin of any snake. Ethanol fluxes were higher than expected for a tracer of its size, perhaps due to its solubility in lipid. Na fluxes through whole live skins of Nerodia cyclopion floridana in vitro were not significantly different from those of the shed skin alone. Isolated hinge regions showed complete water impermeability, suggesting that channels through the skin are located only in the scale region. Dermal water efflux into dry air was considerably less than water-to-water efflux. Lipid extraction increased permeability markedly and eliminated the asymmetry of water and ion fluxes. Lipid replacement with linoleic acid restored half of the water impermeability lost during extraction. Protein extraction did not significantly increase membrane permeability but did eliminate the permeability difference between dry and hydrated skins. Two sizes of lipid-lined channels extending through a protein matrix are suggested as a possible model for snake skin. The diameter of the channels apparently varies in relation to the differing water, Na, and Cl concentrations on opposite sides of the skin, but the mechanism of this adjustment is unknown. Journal Article Stoneburner, D. L.;Nicora, M. N.;Blood, E. R. 1980 Heavy metals in loggerhead sea turtle eggs (Caretta caretta): Evidence to supportthehypothesis that demes exist in the Western Atlantic population Journal of Herpetology 14 2 171-176 sea turtles, eggs Journal Article Stoneburner, D. L. 1980 Body depth: an indicator of morphological variation among nesting groups ofadultLoggerhead Sea turtles (Caretta caretta) Journal of Herpetology 14 2 205 sea turtles Journal Article Stoneburner, D.L. 1980 Body depth: an indicator of morhological variation among nesting groups of adult loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) Journal of Herpetology 14 2 205-206 loggerhead Journal Article Stoneburner, D.L.;Richardson, J.I. 1981 Observations on the role of temperature in loggerhead turtle nest site selection Copeia 1981 1 238-241 loggerhead; sex ratio Journal Article Stoneburner, D.L.;Kushlan, J.A. 1984 Heavy metal burdens in American crocodile eggs from Florida Bay, Florida J. Herpetol. 18 192-193 CA, reproduction, biochemistry, disease, FL Book Storr, G. M.;Smith, L. A.;Johnstone, R. E. 1981 Lizards of Western Australia. I. Skinks Nedlands and Perth University of Western Australia Press with Western Australian Museum xii + 200 + 20 plates Book Storr, G. M.;Smith, L. A.;Johnston, Richard E. 1981 Lizards of Western Australia I. Skinks Perth University of Western Australia Press xii, 200, 20 plates Book Storr, G. M.;Smith, L. A.;Johnstone, R. E. 1983 Lizards of Western Australia II. Dragons and Monitors Perth Western Australia Museum xiv + 114 Journal Article Stouffer, R. H.;Gates, J. E.;Hocutt, C. H.;Stauffer, J. R. 1983 Surgical implants of a transmitter package for radio-tracking endangered hellbenders Wildl. Soc. Bull. 11 4 384-386 radiotelemetry, salamanders. amphibians Journal Article Strass, Peter K.;Miles, Karen J.;McDonald, Billy S.;Brisbin, I. Lehr 1982 An assessment of factors associated with the daytime use of resting forms by eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) Journal of Herpetology 16 320-322 Journal Article Strass, Peter K.;Miles, Karen J.;MacDonald, Billy S., Jr.;Brisbin, I. Lehr 1982 An assessment of factors associated with the daytime use of resting forms by eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) Journal of Herpetology 16 3 320-322 Journal Article Strauss, P. K.;Miles, K. J.;McDonald, B. S.;Brisbin, I. L. 1982 An assessment of factors associated with daytime use of resting forms by eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) Journal of Herpetology 16 3 320-322 Reptiles, turtles, activity, rest, temperature, body size, Maryland Journal Article Straznicky, C.;Tay., D. 1982 Retinotectal map formation in dually innervated tecta: a regeneration study in Xenopus with one compound eye following bilateral optic nerve section Journal of Comparative Neurology 206 119-130 Journal Article Strijbosch, H.;Bonnemayer, J. J. A. M.;Dietvorst, P. J. M. 1980 The northernmost population of Podarcis muralis (Lacertilia, Lacertidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 1 161-172 reptiles, lizards, Journal Article Strijbosch, H. 1980 Mortality in a population of Bufo bufo resulting from the fly Lucilia bufonivora Oecologia (Berl.) 45 285-286 amphibians, insects, Journal Article Strijbosch, H.;Rooy, P. T. J. C. van;Voesenek, L. A. C. J. 1983 Homing behaviour of Lacerta agilis and Lacerta vivipara (Sauria, Lacertidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 4 43-47 reptiles, lizards, direction, Journal Article Strond, W. L.;Baxter, S. D. 1980 The use of ketaset (ketamine hydrochloride) as a rapid acting anesthetic agent in 2 species of sympatric rattlesnakes. Proc Nebr Acad Sci Affil Soc 90 2l Reptilia, serpentes, rattlesnake, anesthesia, ketamine HCl Journal Article Strong, D. R., Jr. 1983 Natural variability and the manifold mechanisms of ecological communities American Naturalist 122 636-660 Journal Article Strussmann, C.;Vale, M. B. R. do;Meneghini, M. H.;Magnusson, W. E. 1984 Diet and foraging mode of Bufo marinus and Leptodactylus ocellatus Journal of Herpetology 18 2 138-146 Anura, Amphibia, feeding, morphology, comparative Journal Article Strutz, J.;Beck, C.;Schmidt, C. L. 1981 [The origin of efferent fibers to the inner ear on reptiles A HRP study in Caiman crocodilus (author's transl)] Arch Otorhinolaryngol 233 1 41-8 Alligators and Crocodiles/*anatomy & histology; Animal; Basilar Membrane/innervation; Dominance, Cerebral/physiology; English Abstract; Horseradish Peroxidase; Labyrinth/*innervation; Medulla Oblongata/anatomy & histology; Nerve Fibers/*ultrastructure; Neurons, Efferent/*ultrastructure; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology; Semicircular Canals/innervation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The origin of efferent fibers to the inner ear was studied in Caiman crocodilus. After injection of horseradish peroxidase into the basilar papilla or into the ampullae of the horizontal and anterior semicircular canals, neurons labeled by the granular reaction product of retrogradely transported HRP were found in the medulla oblongata bilaterally. Parent cells of the efferent cochlear bundle were found in the medial reticular nucleus and in the rostroventral division of the superior olive bilaterally. Efferent vestibular neurons were found in the medial reticular nucleus bilaterally with more neurons ipsilateral to the injection site. Journal Article Strutz, J. 1981 The origin of centrifugal fibers to the inner ear in Caiman crocodilus A horseradish peroxidase study Neurosci Lett 27 2 95-100 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Axonal Transport; Efferent Pathways/*anatomy & histology; Horseradish Peroxidase; Labyrinth/*anatomy & histology; Medulla Oblongata/anatomy & histology; Neurons/*physiology; Olivary Nucleus/anatomy & histology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The origin of acoustic and vestibular efferent fibers was investigated in Caiman crocodilus. After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the cochlear duct or into the ampullae of the horizontal and anterior semi-circular canals, cells in the medulla oblongata exhibited retrogradely transported HRP reaction product. Efferent vestibular fibers were found in the medial reticular nucleus, at the level of the oliva superior. There were more labeled neurons ipsilateral to the injection site. Efferent acoustic neurons were found close to or inside the rostroventral division of the oliva superior. They spread out into the medial reticular nucleus bilaterally, More labeled efferent acoustic neurons occurred contralateral to the injection site. Journal Article Strutz, J. 1982 The origin of efferent labyrinthine fibres: a comparative study in vertebrates Arch Otorhinolaryngol 234 2 139-43 Acoustic Nerve/*embryology; Alligators and Crocodiles/embryology; Animal; Callitrichinae/embryology; Chick Embryo; Comparative Study; Efferent Pathways; Goldfish/embryology; Guinea Pigs; Horseradish Peroxidase; Ranidae/embryology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vertebrates/*embryology; Vestibular Nerve/*embryology Parent cells of efferent acoustic and efferent vestibular fibers were determined anatomically in all classes of vertebrates by use of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. These neurons were found in the brainstem, in particular in the reticular formation. In the goldfish, efferent labyrinthine neurons could be demonstrated in a medial position (lateral to the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis). In the frog, efferent neurons appeared more lateral, dorsomedial to the facial motor nucleus. In reptiles and birds, efferent acoustic neurons separate from efferent vestibular neurons. In mammals, efferent vestibular neurons are located more dorsally, lateral to the genu of the facial nerve. Efferent acoustic neurons take their origin from the superior olivary complex. Journal Article Stuesse, S. L.;Cruce, W. L. R.;Powell., K. S. 1983 Afferent and efferent components of the hypoglossal nerve in the grass frog, Rana pipiens Journal of Comparative Neurology 217 432-439 Journal Article Stuesse, S. L.;Cruce, W. L. R.;Powell., K. S. 1984 Organization within the cranial IX-X complex in ranid frogs: a horseradish peroxidase transport study Journal of Comparative Neurology 222 358-365 Journal Article Sturbaum, B.A. 1981 Responses of the three toed box turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis, to heat stress Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 70a 199-204 Journal Article Subba Rao, M.V.;Bustard, H.R. 1980 Observations on the hatching sequence of the Indian gharial, Gavialis gangeticus, Gmelin Comp. Physiol. Ecol. 5 342-345 GG, reproduction, embryology, India Journal Article Subba Rao, M.V. 1981 Sex determination in living crocodilians Tigerpaper 8 1 10 techniques, Journal Article Subba Rao, M.V.;Bustard, H.R. 1982 Studies on the conservation and management of the Indian crocodiles J. Environ. Biol. 3 83-90 CPR, CPL, GG, conservation, management, India Journal Article Subramani, A.;Dharmaraj 1982 Common Iguana (Iguana iguana) breeding at the Snake Park Hamadryad 7 2 13 Journal Article Sueur, François;Commecy, Xavier;Dupuich, Hugues;Gavory, Laurent 1984 Bombina variegata en Picardie. [Bombina variegata in Picardy] Alytes 3 4 135-136 France distribution Journal Article Sugerman, Richard A.;Hacker, Rose A. 1980 Observer effects on Collared Lizards Journal of Herpetology 14 2 188-189 observation Journal Article Sullivan, R. M.;Wake, D. B.;Pierce, B. A.;Smith, H. M. 1980 "Paedomorphosis debate" Journal of Herpetology 14 1 79-82 neotony, definition, Amphibia, debate, terminology, metamorphosis, development Journal Article Sullivan, Robert M. 1980 Paedomorphosis or Neotony (Sensu lato) Journal of Herpetology 14 1 79 terms, larvae Journal Article Sullivan, B. K. 1981 Distribution and relative abundance of snakes along a transect in California Journal of Herpetology 15 2 247-248 reptiles, Journal Article Sullivan, Brian K. 1982 Sexual selection in Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousei) I. chorus organization Animal Behavior 30 680-686 mating, toads Journal Article Sullivan, Brian K. 1982 Significance of size, temperature and call attributes to sexual selection in Bufo woodhousei australis Journal of Herpetology 16 2 103-106 mating, toads Journal Article Sullivan, Brian K. 1983 Sexual selection in Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousei). II. female choice Animal Behavior 31 1011-1017 mating, toads Journal Article Sullivan, Brian K. 1984 Size dimorphism in anurans: a comment American Naturalist 123 721-724 Journal Article Sulloway, F.J. 1984 Darwin and the Galapagos Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 21 29-59 Journal Article Sumida, Masayuki 1980 Electrophoretic study on the hemoglobin of Japanese pond frogs Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 4 6 239-248 Journal Article Sundar, V. Shyam 1984 Notes on nesting activity of the black pond turtle, Melanochelys trijuga trijuga Hamadryad 9 2 8-9 Melanochelys trijuga Journal Article Sundar, V. Shyam 1984 Mugger breeding results at Madras Crocodile Bank Trust 1984 Hamadryad 9 3 25-26 Crocodylus palustris Book Supriatna, Jatna 1981 (1995) Ular Berbisa di Indonesia [Venomous Snakes of Indonesia) Jakarta Penerbit Bhratara x, 75 Journal Article Surfleet, Judy 1980 The Nature Conservancy Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 99 Journal Article Sutherland, R. M.;Nunnemacher., R. F. 1981 Fibers in spinal nerves of treefrogs: Eleutherodactylus and Hyla Journal of Comparative Neurology 202 415-420 Book Sutherland, Struan K. 1983 Australian Animal Toxins: The creatures, their toxins and care of the poisoned patient Melbourne Oxford University Press xx, 527 p. Journal Article Suzuki, K. T.;Ebihara, Y. 1984 Distribution of cadmium, copper and zinc in the liver of spot salamander, Ambystoma maculatum and their binding to metallothionein Comp Biochem Physiol C 78 1 35-8 Ambystoma/*metabolism; Animal; Binding, Competitive; Cadmium/administration & dosage/metabolism; Calcium/metabolism; Copper/metabolism; Iron/metabolism; Liver/*metabolism; Magnesium/metabolism; Male; Metallothionein/*metabolism; Metals/*metabolism; Protein Binding/drug effects; Zinc/metabolism Cadmium (Cd) was injected intramuscularly into male spot salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum. Concentrations and contents of Cd, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron, magnesium and calcium in the livers of control and Cd-injected animals were determined simultaneously. A low molecular weight Cd, Cu, Zn-binding protein present in the hepatic supernatant prepared from control and Cd-injected animals was characterized as metallothionein (MT) from several properties characteristic of MT. MT induced and present in the liver supernatants of spot salamanders consisted of a single isoform. Journal Article Swain, Tom A.;Arp, Federico;Younkin, Robert D. 1980 A Preliminary Report on the Ecology of a Tropical, High Altitude Lizard, Anadia brevifrontalis Journal of Herpetology 14 4 321-326 natural history, lizard Book Swanson, Stephen 1980 Lizards of Australia North Ryde, NSW Angus & Robertson 80 + 32 color plates Australia Book Swanson, Stephen 1980 Lizards of Australia North Ryde, NSW Angus & Robertson 80 p., 32 color plates Journal Article Sweet, S. S. 1980 Allometric inference in morphology American Zoologist 20 643-652 Journal Article Sweet, S. 1982 A distributional analysis of epigean populations of Eurycea neotenes in central Texas, with comments on the origin of troglobitic populations. Herpetologica 38 430-444 Journal Article Sweet, S. 1984 Secondary contact and hybridization in the Texas cave salamanders Eurycea neotenes and E. tridentifera. Copeia 1984 428-441 Journal Article Swingland, I.R. 1982 The reptiles of the Galapagos Islands Rephiberary 55 1-3 Book Switak, Karl K. 1984 The life of Desert Reptiles and Amphibians San Francisco Switack 32 Book Szczerbak, Nikolai N.;Szczerbak, M. I. 1980 Amphibians and Reptiles of the Ukrainian Carpathians Kiev 268 Journal Article Szyndlar, Zbigniew 1980 Herpetofauna Bieszczadów Zachodnich [The herpetofauna of the western Bieszczady Mountains] Acta zoologica cracoviensia 24 6 299-336, 2 plates Journal Article Szyndlar, Zbigniew 1984 Fossil Snakes from Poland Acta zoologica cracoviensia 28 1 1-156 Journal Article Szyndlar, Zbigniew 1984 Fossil Snakes from Poland [Kopalne weze Polski] Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 28 1 1-156 Journal Article Szyndlar, Zbigniew 1984 A description of a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the People's Democratic Republic of Korea with notes on the distribution of the herpetofauna of that country Acta zoologica cracoviensia 27 1 3-18, 3 plates Journal Article Taib, N. T. 1984 On some aspects of the histochemistry of the alimentary canal of the terrapin, Mauremys caspica (GMELIN) (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae) Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 1984 123 123-134 testu,vet,histo,chem PF x Journal Article Taigen, T. L.;Pough., F. H. 1981 Activity metabolism of the toad (Bufo americanus): ecological consequences of ontogenetic change Journal of Comparative Physiology 144 247-252 Journal Article Taigen, T. L.;Pough, F. H. 1983 Prey preference, foraging behavior, and metabolic characteristics of frogs American Naturalist 122 4 509-520 amphibians, feeding, diet, energetics Journal Article Taigen, T. L.;Pough, F. H.;Stewart, M. M. 1984 Water balance of terrestrial anuran (Eleuthrodactylus coqui) eggs: importance of parental care Ecology 65 1 248-255 amphibians, behavior, reproduction, hydric Journal Article Taigen, Theodore L.;Pough, F. Harvey;Stewart, margaret M. 1984 Water balance of terrestrial anuran (Eleutherodactylus coqui) eggs: Importance of parental care Ecology 65 1 248-255 Journal Article Taigen, T. L.;Pough, F. H.;Stewart., M. M. 1984 Water balance of terrestrial anuran Eleutherodactylus coqui eggs: importance of parental care Ecology 65 248-255 Journal Article Takasu, T.;Iwasawa., H. 1983 Ultrastructural studies on the testicular differentiation in the frog Rhacophorus arboreus Zool. Mag. (Tokyo) 92 501 Journal Article Takenaka, S. 1980 Growth of the Japanese grass lizard Takydromus tachydromoides in relation to reproduction Herpetologica 36-4 305-310 Reptiles, lizards, Japan, mark-recapture, body size, morphology, growth rate, Journal Article Takenaka, S. 1981 Maturity and other reproductive traits of the Kanahebi lizard Takydromus tachydromoides (Sauria, Lacertidae) in Mito Japanese Journal of Herpetology 9 2 46-53 Reptiles, lizards, reproduction, age, maturity, body size, follicles, eggs Journal Article Tanaka, Satoshi;Nishihira, Moritaka 1981 Notes on an Agamid lizard, Japalura polygonata Biological Magazine Okinawa 19 33-39 Journal Article Tangley, L. 1984 Smelling their way back home? BioScience 34 6 353-356 green; ridley; migration Journal Article Tank, P. W. 1983 Skin of non-limb origin blocks regeneration of the newt forelimb Prog Clin Biol Res 110 Pt A 565-75 Amputation; Amputation Stumps/physiopathology; Animal; Extremities/*physiology; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration/radiation effects; Skin/*physiology/transplantation; *Skin Physiology; Skin Transplantation; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Journal Article Tanner, W. W. 1981 A new Hypsiglena from Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico Great Basin Naturalist 41 1 139-142 reptiles, Hypsiglena, description, morphology Journal Article Tanner, Wilmer W.;Ottley, John R. 1981 Reproduction in Hypsiglena Great Basin Naturalist 41 3 310 torquata Journal Article Tanner, Wilmer W.;Cox, Doug C. 1981 Reproduction in the snake Lampropeltis pyromelana Great Basin Naturalist 43 3 314-316 Journal Article Tanner, Wilmer W. 1981 A new Hypsiglena from Tiburon Island, Sonoroa, Mexico Great Basin Naturalist 41 1 139-142 Hypsiglena torquata tiburonensis n. ssp. Journal Article Tanner, Wilmer W.;Avery, David F. 1982 Buccal floor of reptiles, A summary Great Basin Naturalist 42 3 273-349 Journal Article Tanner, Wilmer W. 1983 Lampropeltis pyromelana Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 342 1-2 Journal Article Tanner, Wilmer W. 1984 Reptiles and amphibians of Idaho, No. 2 Great Basin Naturalist 44 1 111-112 Journal Article Taplin, L.E.;Grigg, G.C. 1981 Salt glands in the tongue of the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus Science 212 4498 1045-1047 CPR, osmoregulation, anatomy, Journal Article Taplin, L.E.;Grigg, G.C.;Harlow, P.;Ellis, T.M.;Dunson, W.A 1982 Lingual salt glands in Crocodylus acutus and C Johnstoni and their absence from Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus J. Comp. Physiol. 149 43-47 CA, CJ, AM, CCR, anatomy, osmoregulation, Journal Article Taplin, L.E. 1984 Homeostasis of plasma electrolytes, water and sodium pools in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, from fresh, saline and hypersaline waters Oecologia (Berlin) 63 63-70 CPR, osmoregulation, biochemistry, physiology, Australia Book Section Taplin, L.E. 1984 Evolution and zoogeography of crocodilians: A new look at an ancient order Archer, M. and Clayton, G.H. Vertebrate zoogeography & evolution in Australasia (Animals in space & time) Carlisle, Australia Herperian PRess 361-370 Journal Article Taplin, L.E. 1984 Drinking of fresh water but not saltwater by the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 77A 4 763-767 CPR, osmoregulation, Australia Journal Article Tasoulis, Theo 1983/1984 Observations on the lace monitor, Varanus varius Herpetofauna 15 1-2 25 Varanus varius Journal Article Tasoulis, Theo 1983/1984 Oviparity in the elapid Cacophis squamulosus Herpetofauna 15 1-2 49 Cacophis squamulosus Journal Article Tassava, R. A.;Treece, D. P.;Olsen, C. L. 1983 Effects of partial denervation on the newt blastema cell cycle Prog Clin Biol Res 110 Pt A 537-45 Amputation; Animal; *Cell Cycle; Denervation; Extremities/*innervation/physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Journal Article Tassava, R. A. 1983 Limb regeneration to digit stages occurs in well-fed adult newts after hypophysectomy J Exp Zool 225 3 433-41 Animal; Body Weight; Extremities/*physiology; Fasting; Food; *Hypophysectomy; *Regeneration; Salamandridae; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Experiments were designed to determine the maximum survival time and extent of limb regeneration of well-fed adult newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) after complete hypophysectomy. Adult newts were either well-fed or fasted for 3 weeks at which time hypophysectomies were performed. Forelimbs were amputated 5 days posthypophysectomy. Fasted hypophysectomized newts did not survive beyond 4 weeks, and limb regeneration was either absent or abortive. All of the well-fed newts survived to 3 weeks posthypophysectomy, and even at 6 weeks posthypophysectomy showed 30% survival. In the complete absence of the pituitary gland, many of the fed newts regenerated limbs to digit stages. It is concluded that pituitary hormones are not an absolute requirement for limb regeneration of adult newts. Newts in good nutritional condition at the time of hypophysectomy survive longer and their limbs regenerate to more advanced stages. Journal Article Taubert, Bruce D.;Johnson, Terry B. 1984 Update of desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) distribution in Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 55-57 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Taugner, R.;Schiller, A.;Ntokalou-Knittel., S. 1982 Cells and intercellular contacts in glomeruli and tubules of the frog kidney: a freeze-fracture and thin section study Cell and Tissue Reserach 226 589-608 Journal Article Taygi, H.R.;Sharma, L.L. 1980 Threatened reptiles of Udaipur Tigerpaper 7 1 27-28 CPL, distribution, India Journal Article Taylor, Robert J.;Regal, Philip J. 1980 Reply to Seib American Naturalist 115 621-622 Report Taylor, D. 1980 An alligator population model and associated minimum population estimate for non-marsh alligator habitat in Louisiana Journal Article Taylor, P.D.;Sauer, A. 1980 The selective advantage of sex-ratio homeostasis American Naturalist 116 305-310 sex ratio Journal Article Taylor, R.W.;Jacobson, R.E. 1982 Hematology and serum chemistry of the gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus Comp. Biochem. Pysiol. A: Comp. Physiol. 72 425-428 Reptilia, testudines, gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus, physiology, blood, hematology, serum values testu,vet,chem PF,WI x Journal Article Taylor, R.W., Jr., E.R. Jacobson 1982 Hematology and serum chemistry of the gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A: Comp. Physiol. 72 2 425-528 Journal Article Taylor, R.W.;Jr. 1982 Human predation on the gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus in north central Florida, USA Bull. Fla. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 28 1/4 79-102 Thesis Taylor, R.W.;Jr. 1982 Seasonal aspects of the reproductive biology of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus Journal Article Taylor, J. T. 1983 Size-specific associations of larval and neotenic northwestern salamanders, Ambystoma gracile. Journal of Herpetology 17 203-209 Journal Article Taylor, J. S. H.;Roberts., A. 1983 The early development of the primary sensory neurones in an amphibian embryo: a scanning electron microscope study Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 5 49-66 Journal Article Taylor, J. T. 1983 Orientation and flight responses of a neotenic salamander (Ambystoma gracile) in Oregon American Midland Naturalist 109 40-49 Journal Article Taylor, Janet A. 1983/1984 Burrow construction and utilization by the lizard, Ctenotus taeniolatus Herpetofauna 15 1-2 44-47 Ctenotus taeniolatus Journal Article Taylor, D. 1984 Management implications of an adult female alligator telemetry study Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeast. Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agen. 38 AM, techniques, management, LA Journal Article Taylor, D.;Neal, W. 1984 Management implications of size-class frequency distributions in Louisiana alligator populations Wildl. Soc. Bull. 12 312-319 AM, management, size, demography, LA Journal Article Taylor, J. T. 1984 Comparative evidence for competition between the salamanders Ambystoma gracile and Taricha granulosa Copeia 1984 672-683 Journal Article Team, Marine Turtle Recovery 1982 Recovery plan for marine turtles Journal Article Teare, J.A.;Busch, M. 1983 Toxicity and efficacy of ivermectin in chelonians J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 183 11 1195-1197 Reptilia, testudines, chelonia, red footed tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria, infection, helminth, nematode, therapy, ivermectin Im ivermectin (4 mg/kg) led to extreme flaccid paralysis in one (recovered over 7-10 days) and death within 3 days of 4 other G. carbonaria. A dosage of 0,05 mg/kg was found te be safe in red footed tortoises, provided that treatment was not repeated at intervals of less than 7 days. Limited necropsy finding indicate that elimination of adult Nematodes from the intestine was incomplete. Reprint Endnote 93/79 Journal Article Telford, Sam R., Jr. 1980 Tantilla oolitica Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 256 1 Journal Article Telford, Sam R., Jr. 1980 Tantilla relicta Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 257 1-2 Journal Article Telford, SR. 1980 The Saurian malarias of Venezuela: Plasmodium species from iguanid and teiid hosts. Int.J.Parasitol 10 365-374 repriles; lizards/parasitic diseases; protozoan infections; malaria/protozoa; sporozoa; Plasmodium malariae Conference Proceedings Telford, S.R., Jr.;Campbell, H.W. 1981 Parasites of the American alligator, their importance to husbandry and suggestions toward their prevention and control 46-51 Journal Article Telford, Sam R., Jr. 1982 Tantilla coronata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 308 1-2 Journal Article Telford, SR. 1982 Plasmodium lionatum sp. n., a parasite of the flying gecko, Ptychozoon lionatum, in Thailand. J.Parasitol 68 6 1154-1157 reptilia, sauria, Ptychozoon lionatum, flying gecko, infection, protozoa, Plasmodium lionatum sp. n. Journal Article Telford, S.R. 1982 New Saurian trypanosomes from southeastern asian skinks and lacertids. J.Parasitol 68 2 319-324 Reptiles, sauria, lizard, infection, protozoa, trypanosoma Journal Article Telford, SR. 1983 Plasmodium saurocaudatum sp. n., A parasite of Mabuya multifasciata in southeast Asia. J.Parasitol 69 6 1150-1155 Reptilia, sauria,Mabuya multifasciata, infection, protozoa, Plasmodium saurocaudatum sp. n. Journal Article Telford, SR. 1983 Saurocytozoon parasites (Haemosporidia: Plasmodiidae) from southeast Asian skinks. J.Parasitol 69 6 1141-1145 reptilia, sauria, lizard, infection, protozoa, parasitic diseases; malaria, Plasmodium Journal Article Telford SR. 1980 The Saurian malarias of Venezuela: Plasmodium species from iguanid and teiid hosts. Int.J.Parasitol 10 365-374 *repriles; lizards/*parasitic diseases; protozoan infections; malaria/*protozoa; sporozoa; Plasmodium malariae Journal Article Templeton, Billy R. 1980 Management of desert tortoise habitat on the Arizona Strip Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 33-35 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Templeton, Billy R. 1982 Multiple use management on desert tortoise habitat Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 64-66 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Ten Donkelaar, H. J.;Huizen., R. De Boer-Van 1982 Observations on the development of descending pathways from the brain stem to the spinal cord in the clawed toad Xenopus laevis Anat. Embryol. 163 461-473 Journal Article Tennant, Alan 1982 Herpin' Audubon 84 4 22-25 crotalus filed under Rudloe, Jack Book Tennant, Alan 1984 Snakes of Texas Austin Texas Monthly Press 561 Journal Article Thayer, G.W.;Bjorndal, K. A.;Ogden, J.C.;Williams, S.L.;Zieman, J.C. 1984 Role of larger herbivores in seagrass communities Estuaries 7 4A 351-376 green; feeding Journal Article Thompson, Edward L.;Gates, J. Edward;Taylor, Gary J. 1980 Distribution and breeding habitat selection of the Jefferson salamander,Ambystomajeffersonianum in Maryland Journal of Herpetology 14 2 113-120 reproduction Journal Article Thompson, E. L.;Gates, J. E.;Taylor., G. J. 1980 Distribution and breeding habitat selection of the Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, in Maryland. Journal of Herpetology 14 113-120 Journal Article Thompson, E. L.;Gates., J. E. 1982 Breeding pool segregation by the mole salamanders, Ambystoma jeffersonianum and A. maculatum, in a region of sympatry. Oikos 38 273-279 Journal Article Thompson, M.B. 1983 Populations of the Murray River Tortoise, Emydura (Chelodina): the effects of egg predation by the red fox, Vulpes vulpes Australian Wildlife Research 10 363-371 nest predation Thesis Thompson, James F. 1984 Multivariate Techniques in the Systematic Analysis of the Kingsnakes, Genus Lampropeltis, with Emphasis on Infraspecific Variation: A Preliminary Study Book Thompson, James F. 1984 Multivariate Techniques in the Systematic Analysis of the Kingsnakes, Genus Lampropeltis, with Emphasis on Infraspecific Variation: A Preliminary Study University of Tennessee Ph.D. Dissertation xvii, 281 Journal Article Thoms, S. D.;Fallon, J. F. 1980 Pattern regulation and the origin of extra parts following axial misalignments in the urodele limb bud J Embryol Exp Morphol 60 33-55 Ambystoma/*growth & development; Ambystoma mexicanum/*growth & development; Animal; Extremities/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/transplantation; Notophthalmus viridescens/*growth & development; Polyploidy; Salamandridae/*growth & development; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Pattern regulation following axial misalignments in the stage-38+to stage-40 urodele limb bud was studied on one newt and two salamander species. Grafts of the distal tip of the limb bud were made to the stump of a host limb bud from which a similar piece had been removed. The grafts were positioned with either their anteroposterior, dorsoventral, or both of these axes reversed with respect to the host axes. Mirror-imaged duplications, positioned posteriorly or both anteriorly and posteriorly, occurred nearly all (96%) of the time when the anteroposterior axis was reversed. Dorsoventral axial misalignment rarely promoted the generation of mirror-imaged duplication (8%) but did affect the organization along the anteroposterior axis by causing a serial repetition of either digit 2 or digit 3. Regulation, therefore, does not always occur along each axis independently of the others. Consistent with the data derived from reversing individual axes, most of the duplications which occurred when both axes were reversed were in the anteroposterior plane. Some were in the dorsoventral plane, and a few had intermediate positions. Of these duplications a few were neither right not left hands, rather they were of mixed handedness with a change in the dorsoventral polarity from the anterior border to the posterior border. Whether extra parts which result from axial misalignments arise from the graft, the host, or both the graft and the host was investigated using heteroplastic grafts and grafts exchanged between triploid and diploid axolotls. Duplications were found to have cellular contributions from both the graft and the host. In some cases on source would dominate but usually both made a substantial contribution. The diploid-triploid material suggests that a considerable mixing of host and graft cells may occur in duplications. Additionally, some digits of the graft sequence of digits can be derived from host tissue. The extra digit in those hands displaying a serial repetition was derived from host tissue in some cases and graft tissue in other cases. Journal Article Thoms, S. D.;Stocum, D. L. 1984 Retinoic acid-induced pattern duplication in regenerating urodele limbs Dev Biol 103 2 319-28 Ambystoma/*physiology; Ambystoma mexicanum/*physiology; Animal; Comparative Study; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extremities/cytology/physiology/transplantation; Larva/physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Regeneration/*drug effects; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tretinoin/*pharmacology/toxicity The effects of varying doses of retinoic acid on forelimb regeneration in larval Ambystoma mexicanum amputated through the wrist joint and in adult Notophthalmus viridescens amputated through the basal carpals were compared. In both species, the major effect of retinoic acid was to cause the proximodistal duplication, in the regenerate, of stump segments proximal to the amputation plane. Transverse axial duplications (anteroposterior and dorsoventral) occurred in a smaller percentage of cases; these consisted of cartilage spurs in axolotls, and extra digits in newts. The frequency and magnitude of the proximodistal and (in the newt) transverse duplications were dose dependent, and the regenerating limbs were maximally sensitive to the retinoid during the period of dedifferentiation and accumulation of blastema cells. The effect of retinoic acid is exerted on cells local to the amputation surface, as shown by the fact that retinoic acid caused the proximodistal duplication of stump segments in regenerates derived from amputated distal lower arm segments grafted to the eyesocket . Report Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1982 Status and ecology of the American crocodile in Haiti Report Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1982 American crocodile at Lago Enriquillo, Dominican Republic Thesis Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1984 Status and ecology of the American crocodile in Haiti 183 Journal Article Thorp, J. H.;Bergey, E. A. 1981 Field experiments on interactions between vertebrate predators and larval midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the littoral zone of a reservoir Oecologia invertebrates, prey, fish, turtles, benthic communities, predation, feeding Journal Article Thorpe, John P. 1982 The molecular clock hypothesis: biochemical evolution, genetic differentiation and systematics Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13 139-168 Journal Article Thorpe, Roger S. 1982 Reticulate evolution and cladism: tests for the direction of evolution Experientia 38 1242-1244 Journal Article Thorpe, Roger S. 1984 Primary and secondary transition zones in speciation and population differentiation: a phylogenetic analysis of range expansion Evolution 38 2 233-243 natrix natrix phylogeny Journal Article Thorpe-Dixon, C.J. 1982 A success in treating massive flesh loss in Geochelone carbonaria Herptile 7 1 8-9 Journal Article Throckmorton, Gaylord S. 1980 The chewing cycle in the herbivorous lizard Uromastix aegyptius (Agamidae) Archs. Oral Biol. 25 225-233 Journal Article Throckmorton, G. S. 1980 The chewing cycle in the herbivorous lizard Uromastyx aegyptius (Agamidae) Archs oral Biol 25 225-233 Journal Article Throckmorton, G. S. 1981 Ketamine hydrochloride as an anesthetic agent for lizard surgery. Copeia 1981 1 241-243 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, anesthesia, Ketamine HCl, surgery. Journal Article Throckmorton, G. S. 1981 Ketamine hydrochloride as an anesthetic agent for lizard surgery. Copeia 1981 1 241-243 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, anesthesia, Ketamine HCl, surgery. Journal Article Tian, Wan-shu;Jing, Yao-ming;Zhao, Er-mi 1982 Studies on Genus Vibrissaphora (Amphibia: Pelobatidae) Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1 42-47 Amphibia, anura, osteology, myology, hyoid, Megophryidae, Megophryinae Vibrissaphora, Journal Article Tian, Wan-shu;Feng, Xiao-yi 1982 Comparative studies on m. petrohyoideus of some Chinese anurans Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1 25-29 Amphibia, anura, osteology, myology, hyoid, Bombina, Vibrissaphora, Rana, Megophrys ornata, Oreolalax popei, Hyla Journal Article Tian, Wanshu 1983 A new species of Oreolalax-O. chuanbeiensis Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2(4) 59-62 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, Oreolalax chuanbeiensis, new species, species description, oreolalax rugosus, Journal Article Tian, Wan-shu;Hu, Qixiong 1983 Taxonomic study on genus Megophrys, with description of two new genera Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2 41-48 Amphibia, anura, osteology, myology, characters, Megophryidae, Megophryinae Megophrys, Journal Article Tian, Wanshu;Hu, Qixiong 1983 Taxonomic study on genus Megophrys, with descriptions of two new genera Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2 2 41-48 Brachytarsophrys gen. nov.; Atympanophrys gen. nov. Book Tiedemann, Franz;Häupl, Michael 1980 Typenkatalog der Herpetologischen Sammlung Teil II: Reptilia Wien Selbstverlag Naturhistorisches Museum Wien 4, Vertebrata Heft 2 1-79 Journal Article Tiger_Paper 1980 Chinese alligator Tiger Paper 7 2 28 AS, conservation, India Journal Article Tihen, Joseph A.;Wake, David B. 1981 Vertebrae of plethodontid salamanders from the Lower Miocene of Montana Journal of Herpetology 15 1 35-40 Journal Article Tilley, S. G. 1980 Life histories and comparative demography of two salamander populations Copeia 1980 806-821 Journal Article Tilley, S. G. 1981 A new species of Desmognathus (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the southern Appalachian Mountains Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 695 1-23 Amphibians, salamanders, species description, locality, specimens, morphology, santeelah, electrophoresis, Tennessee, North Carolina Journal Article Tilley, Stephen G. 1981 A new species of Desmognathus (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Southern Appalachian Mountains Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 695 1-23 Journal Article Time 1984 Coming to gator's aid Time September 17, 1984 70 AM, farming, FL Book Timmerman, Walter W.;Hayes, Marc P. 1981 The reptiles and amphibians of Monteverde: An annotated checklist to the herpetofauna of Monteverde, Costa Rica San José Tropical Science Center 32 Journal Article Tinkle, D. W.;Congdon, J. D.;Rosen, P. C. 1981 Nesting frequency and success: implications for the demography of painted turtles Ecology 62 6 1426-1432 reptiles, turtles, Chrysemys picta, clutch frequency, clutch size, life table, nesting ecology, survivorship Journal Article Tinkle, D.W.;Congdon, J.D.;Rosen, P.C. 1981 Nesting frequency and success: inplications for the demography of painted turtles Ecology 62 6 1426-1432 demography Journal Article Tinkle, Donald W. 1982 Results of experimental density manipulation in an Arizona lizard community Ecology 63 1 57-65 Journal Article Tint, G. S.;Dayal, B.;Batta, A. K.;Shefer, S.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L.;Salen, G. 1980 Biliary bile acids, bile alcohols, and sterols of Alligator mississippiensis J Lipid Res 21 1 110-7 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Animal; Bile/*analysis; Bile Acids and Salts/analysis; Cholestanols/analysis; Cholesterol/analysis; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Gallbladder/*analysis; Reptiles/*metabolism; Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Bile from Alligator mississippiensis was found to contain a mixture of more than twenty bile acids, bile alcohols, and neutral sterols. Bile acids and bile alcohols were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Concentrations were measured by gas-liquid chromatography on 1% HiEFF- 8BP and identifications were made by mass spectrometry. The major neutral sterols consisted of 98% cholesterol and 0.8% cholestanol. Bile acids recovered from the acidic fraction were 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid (61%), 3 alpha, 7 alpha- dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid (9%), 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha- trihydroxy-5 alpha-cholestanoic acid (8%), and 3-oxo-7 alpha, 12 alpha- dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid (10%). Other C27 bile acids identified were: 3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid, 7-oxo-3 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid, and 3-oxo-7 alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-cholestanoic acid. Small quantities of C24 cholic, 5 alpha-cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids were also detected, as were trace amounts of the C27 bile alcohols 5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26-tetrol, and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 25-tetrol. These results suggest that the alligator is acpable of synthesizing both the 5 alpha and 5 beta-isomers of the C27 bile acids. The small amounts of the C24 bile acids present might originate either from C27 bile acid or bile alcohol precursors or from exogenous sources. Journal Article Tint, G. S.;Dayal, B.;Batta, A. K.;Shefer, S.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L.;Salen, G. 1981 The fecal bile acids and sterols of Alligator mississippiensis Gastroenterology 81 1 114-9 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Animal; Bile Acids and Salts/*analysis/metabolism; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Feces/*analysis; Reptiles/*metabolism; Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Sterols/*analysis/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Journal Article Titlbach, M. 1981 Light and electron microscopic study of crocodile islets of Langerhans Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 95 3 401-27 Alligators and Crocodiles/*anatomy & histology; Animal; Connective Tissue/cytology; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure; Islets of Langerhans/*cytology/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nerve Endings/ultrastructure; Reptiles/*anatomy & histology; Staining The tissue of the islets of Langerhans was studied in Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman niger. The distribution of the insular tissue in the pancreas was described from the picture in the light microscope, together with the incidence of characteristic islets, which frequently surround the duct tress, and of scattered insular cells. Five types of endocrine cells, distinguishable by their staining properties and typical electron microscopic image, were described in the insular tissue. In addition to A-, B- and D-cells, others which very probably correspond to EC- and PP-cells are described. Mixed cells were also found. The pancreatic interstitial connective tissue contains large numbers of nerve fibre bundles; isolated nerve fibres may penetrate to the insular cells. At the site of contact of a nerve ending with an endocrine cell, characteristic thickening of the membranes is sometimes found. Journal Article Toffoli, Eugene V. 1980 The desert tortoise - At the crossroads Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 13-22 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Toft, C. A. 1980 Seasonal variation in populations of Panamanian litter frogs and their prey: A comparison of wetter and drier sites Oecologica 47 34-38 Amphibia, Anura, frogs, feeding, Panama Journal Article Toft, C. A. 1980 Feeding ecology of Panamanian litter anurans: patterns in diet and foraging mode Journal of Herpetology 15 139-144 Amphibia, Anura, Atelopus varius, Bufo coniferus, Bufo haemititicus, Bufo typhonius, Dendrobates auratus, Dendrobates fulguritus, Dendrobates minutus, Eleutherodactylus vocator, Eleutherodactylus altae, Eleutherodactylus biporcatus, Eleutherodactylus bransfordi, Eleutherodactylus cruentus, Eleutherodactylus frater, Eleutherodactylus golmeri, Eleutherodactylus longirostris, Eleutherodactylus talmancae, Eleutherodactylus bufoniformis, Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri, Colostethus ingunialis, Colostethus nubicola, Colostethus pratti, Colostethus talamancae, food habits, foraging, Panama Journal Article Toft, C. A. 1980 Feeding ecology of thirteen syntopic species of anurans in a seasonal tropical environment Oecologia 45 131-141 Amphibia, Anura, food habits, seasonal variation Journal Article Toft, C. A. 1980 Seasonal variation in populations of Panamanian litter frongs and their prey: a comparison of wetter and drier sites Oecologia 47 34-38 Amphibia, anura, survey, Panama, Journal Article Toft, Catherine A. 1980 Seasonal variation in populations of Panamanian litter frogs and their prey: a comparison of wetter and drier sites Oecologia 47 34-38 Journal Article Toft, C. A. 1981 Feeding ecology of Panamanian litter anurans: Patterns in diet and foraging mode Journal of Herpetology 15 2 139-144 leaf litter frogs, tropics, Atelopus, Bufo, Dendrobates, Eleutherodactylus, Colostethus, foraging mode, invertebrates Journal Article Toft, Catherine A. 1981 Feeding ecology of Panamanian litter anurans: pattersn in diet and foraging mode Journal of Herpetology 15 2 139-144 Journal Article Toft, C. A.;Schoener, T. W. 1983 Abundance and diversity of orb spiders on 106 Bahamaian islands: biogeography at an intermediate trophic level Oikos 41 411-426 community, lizards Journal Article Tokunaga, S. 1984 Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in Gecko japonicus from Fukuoka, northern Kyushu, Japan Japanese Journal of Herpetology 10 3 80-88 Reptiles, lizards, morphology, body size, sex, Journal Article Tollestrup, K. 1982 Growth and reproduction in two closely related species of leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii American Midland Naturalist 108 1 1-20 reptiles, body size, variability, California, clutch, eggs, Journal Article Tollestrup, Kristine 1983 The social behavior of two species of closely related leopard lizards, Gambelia silus and Gambelia wislizenii Z. Tierpsychol. 62 307-320 Book Tolson, Peter J. 1984 7th Annual Reptile Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry Thurmont, MD Zoological Consortium, Inc. vi, 149 p. Book Section Tome, M. A.;Pough, F. H. 1982 Responses of amphibians to acid precipitation Johnson, R. E. Acid rain/fisheries, proceedings of an International Symposium on Acidic Precipitation and Fishery Impacts in Northeastern North American Bethesda, MD American Fisheries Society 245-254 amphibians, development, comparative, Journal Article Tomlinson, B. L.;Globus, M.;Vethamany-Globus, S. 1981 Promotion of mitosis in cultured newt limb regenerates by a diffusible nerve factor In Vitro 17 2 167-72 Animal; Forelimb/cytology/*physiology; Ganglia, Spinal/analysis; *Mitogens; *Mitosis; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; *Regeneration; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Culture Regeneration blastemata of adult newt forelimbs were cultured transfilter to dorsal root ganglia on extremely low porosity (0.05 mu m) filters. Mitotic index profiles in these blastemata were compared with those obtained using filters of greater porosity (0.45 mu m). In the above experiments nerves and blastema tissue were separated by 5 or 25 mu m, i.e., the thickness of the respective filters. The results show that the transfilter mitogenic effect of the nerves was retained when the lower pore size filters were used. In addition, sensory ganglia grown at the bottom of a culture well, separated from the blastema explants by a distance of approximately 2 mm, were nevertheless able to promote blastema cell proliferation. The ganglia can thus be considered to be providing a "sustained conditioning" of the medium with neuromitogenic factor(s). This study also shows that nerves can promote blastema cell mitosis, although cell-to-cell contact between nerves and responding cells was precluded. Journal Article Tomlinson, B. L.;Globus, M.;Vethamany-Globus, S. 1982 Studies of mitosis in excised limb regenerates of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens J Exp Zool 223 2 115-22 Animal; Forelimb/cytology/*physiology; *Mitosis; Mitotic Index; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; *Regeneration; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors; Tissue Culture Subsequent to excision and explantation of the limb blastema into culture medium, there is an abrupt reduction in mitotic index lasting several hours. Coincident with the disappearance of mitosis, abnormal mitotic figures (AMFs), lacking the condensed chromosomal nature of normal figures, are seen. These persist until normal levels of mitotic activity are restored approximately 6 hr later. The transient loss of mitotic activity is observed in both ganglionated and nonganglionated explants. The large number of prophase figures observed at time zero were sharply reduced within minutes, without concomitant increases in the later phases. The possibility that some cells, without completing mitosis, become temporarily indistinguishable as mitotic figures, is discussed in terms of chromosomal decondensation and recondensation. Journal Article Tonge, Simon;Bloxam, Quentin 1984 Captive reproduction of rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura c. cornuta) in indoor accomodation Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 115-128 Journal Article Topping, M. S.;Ingersol., C. A. 1981 Fecundity in the hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis. Copeia 1981 873-876 Journal Article Torres, João Batista;Carlotto, Paulo Roque 1982 Levantamento dos géneros de ofídios e espécies de Aracnídeos causadores de acidentes na casuística Centro de Informação Toxicológica do Rio Grande do Sul Memórias do Instituto Butantan 46 207-218 Journal Article Townsend, D. S.;Stewart, M. M.;Pough, F. H.;Brussard, P. F. 1980 Internal fertilization in an oviparous frog Science 212 469-471 amphibians, reproduction, evolution Journal Article Townsend, Daniel S.;Stewart, Margaret M.;Pough, F. Harvey;Brussard, Peter F. 1981 Internal fertilization in an oviparous frog Science 212 469-471 Journal Article Townsend, D. S.;M. M. Stewart, F. H. Pough;Brussard., P. F. 1981 Internal fertilization in an oviparous frog Science 212 469-471 Journal Article Townsend, D. S.;Stewart, M. M.;Pough, F. H. 1984 Male parental care and its adaptive significance in a neotropical frog Animal Behaviour 32 421-431 amphibians, frogs, behavior, Eleuthrodactylus, reproduction Journal Article Townsend, D. S.;Stewart, M. M.;Pough., F. H. 1984 Male parental care and its adaptive significance in a neotropical frog Animal Behaviour 32 421-431 Edited Book Townson, Simon;Millichamp, N. J.;Lucas, D.G.D.;Millwood, A. J. 1980 The Care and Breeding of Captive Reptiles London British Herpetoogical Society ii + 98 Journal Article Toyoshima, Shingo;Iwasawa, Hisaaki 1984 Annual dynamics of germ cells in male Hyla japonica Herpetologica 40 3 308-313 Anura, Hylidae, Hyla japonica, frog testis, spermatogenesis, spermiation, annual cycle, Asia, Japan, 113 Journal Article Tracy, C. Richard 1980 Water relations of parchment-shelled lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) eggs Copeia 1980 3 478-482 Book Section Tracy, C. Richard 1982 Biophysical modeling in reptilian physiology and ecology Gans, Carl and Pough, F. Harvey Biology of the Reptilia: Physiology C. Physiological Ecology London Academic Press 12 275-321 Journal Article Traffic 1982 CITES loophole allows trade in endangered crocodiles Traffic (USA) 4 2 1, 4-5 CC, CNL, CPR, CS, OT, utilization, conservation Journal Article Traffic 1982 US imports of caimans, 1979 Traffic (USA) 4 1 3 CCR, utilization, South America Journal Article Traffic 1982 Trade in Latin American crocodiles Traffic (USA) 1-10 CCR, PAL, MN, CA, CI, CR, CL,utilization, conservation, South America Journal Article Traffic 1982 US crocodilian import alert! Traffic (USA) 3 4 5 AM, utilization, Journal Article Trape, J. F.;Carme, B. 1982 Les serpents venimeux de la Republique Populaire du Congo Rev. Med. Congo 2 2 53-70 reptiles, snakes, rainforest, Africa, Congo, Journal Article Trape, J. F.;Carme, B. 1982 Les serpents venimeux de la République Populaire du Congo Rev. Méd. Congo 2 2 53-70 Journal Article Trauth, S. E. 1983 Reproductive biology and spermathecal anatomy of the dwarf salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata) in Alabama Herpetologica 39 1 9-15 amphibians, season, cycle, Journal Article Trauth, S. E. 1983 Nesting habitat and reproductive characteristics of the lizard Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Lacertilia: Teiidae) American Midland Naturalist 109 2 298-299 reptiles, behavior, body size, clutch volume, Journal Article Travis, J. 1980 Phenotypic variation and the outcome of interspecific competition in hylid tadpoles Evolution 34 40-50 Journal Article Travis, J. 1980 Genetic variation for larval specific growth rate in the frog Hyla gratiosa Growth 44 167-181 Journal Article Travis, J. 1981 The effect of staining on the growth of Hyla gratiosa tadpoles Copeia 1981 193-196 Journal Article Travis, J. 1981 Control of larval growth variation in a population of Pseudacris triseriata (Anura: Hylidae) Evolution 5 423-432 Journal Article Travis, J. 1981 A key to the tadpoles of North Carolina Brimleyana 6 119-127 Journal Article Travis, J. 1983 Variation in development patterns of larval anurans in temporary ponds. I. Persistent variation within a Hyla gratiosa population. Evolution 37 496-512 Journal Article Travis, J. 1983 Variation in growth and survival of Hyla gratiosa larvae in experimental enclosures Copeia 1983 232-237 Journal Article Travis, J.;Trexler, J. C. 1984 Investigations on the control of the color polymorphism in Pseudacris ornata Herpetologica 40 3 252-257 Amphibia, Anura, frog, morphology, Hylidae, genetics, inheritance, larval development Journal Article Travis, Joseph 1984 Anuran size at metamorphosis: experimental test of a model based on intraspecific competition Ecology 65 4 1155-1160 Journal Article Tremper, Ronald L. 1983 A note on the use of black light fluorescent tubes for reptiles Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 1 8-9 Journal Article Trestrail, John H. 1983 The "underground zoo" - The problem of exotic venomous snakes in private possion in the United States Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 10 7-12 Journal Article Troyer, K. 1982 Transfer of fermentative microbes between generations in a herbivorous lizard Science 1982 540-542 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, propagation, physiology, digestion, fermentative microbes oeko,echsen,vit,mamerika,behav PF x Journal Article Troyer, K. 1983 Behavioral acquisition of the hindgut fermentation system by a herbivorous lizard, Iguana iguana Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 1983 189-193 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana iguana, physiology, herbivory, fermentation vit,oeko,echsen,mamerika,behav PF x Journal Article Troyer, K. 1983 Behavioral and physiological adaptions for herbivory in a neotropical lizard, Iguana iguana Dissertation abstr. int (B) 43 7 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana iguana, physiology, herbivory echsen,behav,physiol,vit UB x Journal Article Troyer, Katherine 1983 The biology of iguanine lizards: Present status and future directions Herpetologica 39 3 317-328 Journal Article Troyer, K. 1984 Diet selection and digestion in Iguana iguana: The importance of age and nutrient requirements Oecologia 1984 201-207 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana iguana:, physiology, diet, digestion vet,vit,echsen PF x Journal Article TROYER, K. 1984 Structure and function of the digestive tract of a herbivorous lizard, Iguana iguana Physiol. Zool. 1984 1-8 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Iguana iguana, anatomy, physiology, digestive tract, structure, herbivory oeko, echsen, amerika, vit, physiol PF x Journal Article Trueb, Linda 1981 Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates: Review 1 389-397 review, morphology, vertebrate, Journal Article Trueb, Linda;Cannatella, David C. 1982 The cranial osteology and hyolaryngeal apparatus of Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Anura: Rhinophrynidae) with comparisons to recent pipid frogs Journal of Morphology 171 11-40 Amphibia, Anura, Xenopus laevis, Pipa pipa, Hemipipa carvalhoi, Hymenochirus curtipes, development, morphology, osteology, nasal cartilages, phylogeny, systematics Journal Article Trueb, L.;Cannatella., D. C. 1982 The cranial osteology and hyolaryngeal apparatus of Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Anura: Rhinophrynidae) with comparisons to Recent pipid frogs Journal of Morphology 171 11-40 Journal Article Trueb, L.;Gans, C. 1983 Feeding specializations of the Mexican burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Anura: Rhinophrynidae) Journal of Zoology, London 199 189-208 Amphibia, Anura, Rhinophrynidae, morphology, evolution Journal Article Trueb, Linda;Gans, Carl 1983 Feeding specializations of the Mexican burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis (Anura: Rhinophrynidae) Journal of Zoology, London 199 189-208 amphibian, anura, morphology, function morphology, feeding mechanism, rhinophrynidae, pipoidea, toungue morphology Journal Article Trueb, L. 1984 Description of a new species of Pipa (Anura: Pipidae) from Panama Herpetologica 40 3 225-234 amphibians, morphology, color, pattern, Book Trutnau, Ludwig 1981 Schlangen im Terrarium Band 1. Ungiftige Schlangen Stuttgart Ulmer 200 Book Section Tryon, B.W. 1980 Observations on reproduction in the West African Dwarf crocodile with a description of parental care Repr.Biol.Dis.Capt.Rept. 167-186 OT, captive breeding, behavior, courtship, parental care Book Section Tryon, B.W.;Behler, J.L. 1982 An update of crocodilian breeding in United States zoos Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 328-336 Journal Article Tsukamoto, Geroge K. 1982 The status and future outlook for the desert tortoise in Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 6-9 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Tsuneki, K.;Kobayashi, H.;Gallardo, R.;Pang, P. K. 1984 Electron microscopic study of the innervation of the renal tubules and urinary bladder epithelium in Rana catesbeiana and Necturus maculosus J Morphol 181 2 143-53 Animal; Bladder/*innervation/ultrastructure; Epithelium/cytology/ultrastructure; Female; Kidney/ultrastructure; Kidney Tubules/cytology/*innervation/ultrastructure; Male; Metamorphosis, Biological; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus/*anatomy & histology; Necturus maculosus/*anatomy & histology; Rana catesbeiana/*anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. The fine structure of the kidney and the bladder of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), the bullfrog tadpole, and the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) were studied with special attention to the innervation of renal tubule cells and bladder epithelial cells. In the bullfrog kidney, nerve terminals and varicosities were frequently associated with the tubule cells, apparently in an increasing order from the proximal tubule to the connecting tubule. Although these terminals and varicosities did not directly contact the tubular cell membrane, an aggregation of synaptic vesicles on the side facing the tubule was considered as morphological evidence that neurotransmitter can be released here and can affect the transport activity of the tubule cells. The association of nerve varicosities with canaliculi cells in the connecting tubule was also demonstrated. In the bullfrog tadpoles, renal tubule cells were occasionally innervated. In the mudpuppy, renal tubule cells were only poorly innervated. The epithelium of the bullfrog bladder was commonly innervated. Nerve terminals with synaptic vesicles were located very near basal cells and even contacted them directly on rare occasions. In the mudpuppy, the innervation of the bladder epithelium was observed infrequently. The bullfrog tadpoles did not possess an apparent bladder. In all materials studied, renal arterioles and bladder smooth muscle cells were innervated. Journal Article Tsuneki, K.;H. Kobayashi, R. Gallardo;Pang., P. K. T. 1984 Electron microscopic study of the innervation of the renal tubules and urinary bladder epithelium in Rana catesbeiana and Necturus maculosus Journal of Morphology 181 143-154 Journal Article Tu, Anthony T.;Stermitz, Joseph;Ishizaki, Hiroyuki;Nonaka, Saneo 1980 Comparative study of pit viper venoms of genera Trimeresurus from Asia and Bothrops from America: an immunological and isotachophoretic study Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66B 249-254 flavoviridis agkistrodon contortrix crotalus durissus boulengerina anmulata dendraspis angusticeps micrurus fulvius ophiophagus hannah bothrops picadoi schlegelii gramineus popeorum Edited Book Tu, Anthony T. 1982 Rattlesnake Venoms: Their actions and Treatment New York Marcel Dekker ix + 393 Journal Article Tucic, Nikola;Kalezic, Milos L. 1984 Morphological variation within and among populations of the smooth newt, Triturus vulgaris Biosistematika 10 1 45-58 Journal Article Turner, Bob 1980 State Report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 88-90 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Turner, Frederick B.;Medica, Philip A.;Lyons, Craig L. 1981 A comparison of populations of desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizi, in grazed and ungrazed areas in Ivanpah Valley, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 139-162 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Turner, Bob 1981 State Report - Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 74-75 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Turner, F. B.;Medica, P. A. 1982 The distribution and abundance of the flat-tailed horned lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) Copeia 1982 4 815-823 reptiles, range, density, conservation Journal Article Turner, F. B.;Medica, P. A.;Jennrich, R. I.;Maza, B. G. 1982 Frequencies of broken tails among Uta stansburiana in southern Nevada and a test of the predation hypothesis Copeia 1982 4 835-840 Reptiles, lizards, tail breaks, tail loss, caudal autotomy, frequency, predation, demography, density, predators Journal Article Turner, F. B.;Medica, P. A.;Bridges, K. W.;Jennrich, R. I. 1982 A population model of the lizard Uta stansburiana in southern Nevada Ecological Monographs 52 3 243-259 reptiles, desert, model, population dynamics, demography Journal Article Turner, Frederick B.;Thelander, Carl G.;Pearson, Daniel C.;Burge, Betty L. 1982 An evaluation of the transect technique for estimating desert tortoise density at a prospective power plant site in Ivanpah Valley, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 134-153 gopherus agassizii survey Journal Article Turner, J.S.;Baynes, T.;Tracy, C.R.;Weigler, B. 1983 Burst swimming in alligators and the effect of temperature (Abstract only) Am. Zool. 23 4 956 AM, locomotion, temperature, Journal Article Turner, F. B.;Berry, K. H. 1984 Population ecology of the desert tortoise at Goffs, California Southern California Edison Company 1-63 reptiles, gopherus agasizzi, temperature, reproduction, thermal, eggs, clutch, body size, demopgraphy, habitat Journal Article Turner, F. B.;Weaver, D. C.;Rorabaugh, J. C. 1984 Effects of reduction in windblown sand on the abundance of the fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata) in the Coachella Valley, California Copeia 1984 2 370-378 reptiles, reproduction, habitat, abundance, density, variation Journal Article Turner, F. B.;Medica, P. A.;Lyons, C. L. 1984 Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California Copeia 1984 4 811-820 reptiles, reproduction, demography, life spans, radiotransmitter, clutch Journal Article Turner, Frederick B.;Medica, Philip A.;Lyons, Craig L. 1984 Reproducyion and survivial of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California Copeia 1984 4 811-820 gopherus Journal Article Turner, Frederick B.;Berry, Kristin H.;Burge, Betty L.;Hayden, Page;Nicholson, Lori;Bickett, Jan 1984 Population ecology of the desert tortoise at Goffs, San Bernardino County, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 68-82 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Turner, Grant 1984/1985 Defence mechanisms in Unechis flagellum (McCoy) Herpetofauna 16 1-2 28-29 Unechis flagellum Journal Article Turner, Grant 1984/1985 Captive breeding of Unechis flagellum Herpetofauna 16 1-2 53-54 Unechis flagellum Journal Article Turpen, J. B.;Knudson, C. M.;Hoefen., P. S. 1981 Embryonic origin of hematopoietic precursor cells from the region of the presumptive mesonephros in Rana pipiens Anatomical Record 199 261 (Abstr) Journal Article Turpen, J. B.;Knudson, C. M.;Hoefen., P. S. 1981 The early ontogeny of hematopoietic cells studied by grafting cytogenetically labeled tissue anlagen: localization of a prospective stem cell compartment Developmental Biology 85 99-112 Journal Article Turpen, J. B.;Knudson., C. M. 1982 Ontogeny of hematopoietic cells in Rana pipiens: precursor cell migration during embryogenesis Developmental Biology 89 138-151 Journal Article Tuttle, M. D.;Ryan, M. J. 1981 Bat predation and the evolution of frog vocalization in the neotropics Science 214 677-678 amphibians, mammals, calling Journal Article Tuttle, Merlin D.;Ryan, Michael J. 1981 Bat predation and the evolution of frog vocalizations in the neotropics Science 214 677-678 Journal Article Tyler, J. D.;Buscher., H. N. 1980 Notes on a population of larval Ambystoma tigrinum (Ambystomatidae) from Cimarron County, Oklahoma. Southwest Naturalist 25 391-395 Journal Article Tyler, M. J.;Carter, D. B. 1981 Oral birth of the young of the gastric brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus Animal Behaviour 29 1 280-282 Amphibians, frogs, reproduction, brooding, mouth, development, behavior, Journal Article Tyler, Michael J. 1981 New and rediscovered species of frogs from the Derby-Broome area of Western Australia Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 9 2 147-172 Journal Article Tyler, Michael J.;Shearman, David J. C.;Franco, Rony;O'Brien, Paul;Seamark, R. F.;Kelly, R. 1983 Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in the gastric brooding frog, Rheobatrachus silus Science 609-610 Amphibia, Anura, Rheobatrachus silus, metabolism, Queensland, Australia Journal Article Tyler, M. J.;Crook, G. A.;Davies., M. 1983 Reproductive biology of the frogs of the Magela Creek system, Northern Territory Records of the South Australian Museum 18 415-440 Book Tyler, Michael J. 1983 The Gastric brooding Frog London Croom Helm x, 164 p. Book Tyler, Michael J.;Smith, L. A.;Johnstone, R. E. 1984 Frogs of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Museum xii + 109 Book Tyler, Michael J. 1984 There's a Frog in my Stomach Sydney Collins 52 Book Tyler, Michael J. 1984 There's a frog in my (throat) stomach Sydney Collins 52 Journal Article Ucci, A. A. 1982 A fine-structural study of interstitial cell changes in the testes of Necturus maculosus during a portion of the annual cycle, and possible evidence for local feedback control by seminiferous epithelium Am J Anat 165 1 27-38 Animal; Feedback; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure; Male; Mitochondria/ultrastructure; Necturus/*anatomy & histology; Seasons; Seminiferous Epithelium/*physiology; Testis/cytology/*physiology/*ultrastructure The developmental stages of the interstitial cells of Leydig in Necturus maculosus were studied in testes of animals obtained in November and December. As a consequence of the caudal to cranial progression of the wave of spermatogenesis, samples obtained from cranial, central, and caudal portions of these testes exhibit regional differences in the morphology of their Leydig cells. In these samples, fibroblast-like stromal cells with large, dense, elongated nuclei and thin sheets of cytoplasm surround the cranial seminiferous lobules that usually contain spermatozoa. Such stromal cells possess a small juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus, profiles of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria with tubular and shelf-like cristae. In the central area of the testis, interstitial cells with oval nuclear profiles and a finer chromatin pattern surround degenerating seminiferous lobules. The abundant cytoplasm of these cells contains predominantly smooth endoplasmic reticulum interspersed with a few lipid droplets. These cells contain mitochondria that are packed with tubular cristae. Inthe caudal part of the testis, the Leydig cells have a round nucleus with finely dispersed chromatin. Numerous lipid droplets accumulate in the ample cytoplasm, which is filled with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus becomes enlarged; associated with it are vesicles with an electron-dense content. The cristae of the mitochondria are more numerous and have tubules of 50-nm diameter mixed with arrays of small tubules 25-30 nm in diameter. The appearance of morphologically mature interstitial cells of Leydig only adjacent to degenerated seminiferous lobules inthe caudal portion of the testis suggests the possibility of local feedback control of Leydig-cell development. Journal Article Ueda, H 1980 The sex of triploids and gynogenetic diploids in Bombina orientalis Scientific Report of the Laboratory for Amphibian Biology, Hiroshima University 4 185-199 Journal Article Uhl, Marie-Noëlle 1984 Attention, crapauds migrateurs! [Caution, toad crossing! Alytes 3 2 90-92 Journal Article Ulinski, P. S. 1981 Thick caliber projections from brainstem to cerebral cortex in the snakes Thamnophis sirtalis and Natrix sipedon Neuroscience 6 9 1725-43 Animal; Brain Mapping/methods; Brain Stem/*anatomy & histology; Cerebral Cortex/*anatomy & histology; Comparative Study; Lizards/anatomy & histology; Mammals/anatomy & histology; Microscopy, Electron; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology; Snakes/*anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tegmentum Mesencephali/anatomy & histology; Turtles/anatomy & histology Journal Article Ultsch, G. R.;Ott, M. E.;Heisler., N. 1980 Standard metabolic rate, critical oxygen tension, and aerobic scope for spontaneous activity of trout (Salmo gairdneri) and carp (Cyprinus carpio) in acidified water Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 67A 329-335 Journal Article Ultsch, G. R.;Jackson, D. C.;Moalli., R. 1981 Metabolic oxygen conformity among lower vertebrates: the toadfish revisited Journal of Comparative Physiology 142 439-443 Journal Article Underwood, Garth 1982 Parallel evolution in the context of character analysis Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 74 245-266 Book Section Underwood, Garth 1984 Scleral ossicles of lizards: an exercise in charater analysis Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 483-502 Book Ungerer, Tomi 1982 Das Kamasutra der Frösche Zürich Diogenes Edited Book Unknown 1984 USSR Red Data Book Moscow 392 p. Journal Article Uray, N. J.;Gona., A. G. 1982 Golgi studies on Purkinje cell development in the frog during spontaneous metamorphosis. III. Axonal development. Journal of Comparative Neurology 212 202-207 Journal Article Utsunomiya, Yasuaki;Utsunomiya, Taeko 1983 On the eggs and larvae of frog species occurring in the Ryukyu Archipelago J. Fac. Appl. Biol. Sci. 22 255-270 Journal Article Utsunomiya, Y.;Utsunomiya., T. 1983 On the eggs and larvae of the frog species occurring in the Ryukyu Archipelago J. Fac. Appl. Biol. Sci., Hiroshima Univ. 22 255-270 Journal Article Utsunomiya, Y.;T. Utsunomiya, S. Katsuren;Toyama., M. 1983 Habitat segregation observed in the breeding of five frog species dwelling in a mountain stream of Okinawa Island Annot. Zool. Japonenses 56 149-153 Journal Article Uwa, Hiroshi;Watanabe, Yuji;Sakakura, Yasunori;Asai, Satoshi;Shiono, Hirohisa 1981 [Estimation of the spring emergence of the toad, Bufo bufo formosus, using underground teperature] Zoological Magazine 90 157-163 Journal Article Uzzell, Thomas M.;Hotz, Hansjürg;Berger, Leszek 1980 Genome exclusion in gametogenesis by an interspecific rana hybrid: evidence from electrophoresis of individul oocytes Journal of Experimental Zoology 214 251-259 Book Section Vago, C. 1983 Introduction: Reflexions sur l'evolution et les perspectives de la pathologie des reptiles et des amphibiens, notamment en pathologie comparee Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique ix-x Edited Book Vago, Constantin;Matz, Gilbert 1983 Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique x, 258 Journal Article Vago, C.;Matz, G. (eds) 1983 Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens C.r. 1er Coll. Int. Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens. Angers. 1983 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, general, survey vet,histo WI x Journal Article Vago, C.;Matz, G. (eds) 1983 Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens C.r. 1er Coll. Int. Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens. Angers. Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, general, survey vet, histo WI x Journal Article Valentine, J. W.;Jablonski., D. 1983 Larval adaptations and patterns of brachiopod diversity in space and time Evolution 37 1052-1061 Journal Article VALENTINE, B.A.;STOSKOPF, M.K. 1984 Amebiasis in a neotropical toad J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 185 11 1418-1419 Amphibia, anura, toad, infection, protozoa, amebiasis, kidney 210390 MDL DGB Amph 10 Journal Article Van Berkum, F.;Pough, F. H.;Stewart, M. M.;Brussard, P. F. 1982 Altitudinal and interspecific differences in the rehydration abilities of Puerto Rican frogs (Eleutherodactylus) Physiol. Zool. 55 2 130-136 Amphibia, Anura, physiology, evaporation, coqui, water loss Journal Article Van Berkum, Fredrica H.;Pough, F. Harvey;Stewart, Margaret M.;Brussard, Peter F. 1982 Altitudinal and interspecific differences in the rehydration abilities of Puerto Rican frogs (Eleutherodactylus) Physiological Zoology 55 2 130-136 Journal Article Van Beurden, E. K. 1980 Energy metabolism of dormant Australian water-holding frogs (Cyclorana platycephalus) Copeia 1980 787-799 Book Section Van Devender, Robert Wayne 1982 Growth and ecology of spiny-tailed and green iguanas in Costa Rica, with comments on the evolution of herbivory and large body size Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 162-183 Journal Article Van Dijk, E. D. 1981 Material data other than preserved specimens Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N.S.) Suppl. 15 393-400 Journal Article Van Drongelen, W.;Dullemeijer, P. 1982 The feeding apparatus of Caiman crocodilus: a functional-morphological study Anat. Anz. 151 4 337-366 CCR, anatomy, food, A functional morphological study on the cranio-facial region of Caiman crocodilus was carried out. The anatomy of the skull, mandible, cartilaginous structures and the muscles of the jaw was described. Myography experiments, an X-ray study and observations of behaviour gave insight into the sequence of actions during food-intake. Evidence has been obtained that the cartilago transiliens, attached to the medial side of the mandible, is used to block the jaws relative to each other. For each food-intake action, the amount of material necessary to resist muscle force was calculated. Integration of these figures, together with a consideration on the lines of stress, resulted in a paradigm for the mandible. Journal Article Van Loben Sels, R. C.;Vitt, L. J. 1984 Desert lizard reproduction: Seasonal and annual variation in Urosaurus ornatus (Iguanidae) Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 1779-1787 reptiles, lizards, breeding, seasonality Journal Article Van Loben Sels, R. C.;Vitt, L. J. 1984 Desert lizard reproduction: annual variation in Urosaurus ornatus (Iguanidae) Canadian J. Zool. 62 1779-1787 reptiles, cycles, clutch, eggs Journal Article van Loben Sels, Richard C.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1984 Desert lizard reproduction: seasonal and annual variation in Urosaurus ornatus (Iguanidae) Canadian Journal of Zoology 62 1779-1787 Journal Article van Nuland, G. J.;Strijbosch, H. 1981 Annual rhythmics of Lacerta vivipara Jacquin and Lacerta agilia agilia L. (Sauria, Lacertidae) in the Netherlands Amphibia-Reptilia 2 83-95 reptiles, lizards, cycle, reproduction Journal Article Vance, Thomas 1980 A field key to the whiptail lizards (genus: Cnemidophorus) Part II: The whiptails of Mexico Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 16 4 121-147 Journal Article Vanni, Stefano;Lanza, Benedetto 1982 Note di erpetologia Italiana: Salamandra, Triturus, Rana, Phyllodactylus, Podarcis, Coronella, Vipera Natura 73 1-2 3-22 Journal Article Vanzolini, P. E. 1980 Algumas questões ecologicas ligadas a conservacão da natureza no Brasil Inter-Facies 21 1-23 ecology, Brazil, conservation, morphoclimatic domains, cerrado, caatinga Book Vanzolini, P. E.;Ramos-Costa, Ana Maria M.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1980 Repteis das Caatingas Río de Janeiro Academia Brasileira de Ciéncias 162 Journal Article Vanzolini, P. E. 1980 Coleodactylus septentrionalis, sp. n., with notes on the distribution of the genus (Sauria, Gekkonidae) Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 34 1 1-9 Journal Article Vanzolini, P. E.;Williams, E. E. 1981 The vanishing refuge: a mechanism for ecogeographic speciation Papéis Avulsos Zoologia (São Paulo) 34 23 251-255 species, distribution, biogeography, gap, refuge Journal Article Vanzolini, P. E. 1981 A quasi-historical approach to the natural history of differentiation of reptiles in tropical geographic isolates Papéis Avulsos Zoologia (São Paulo) 34 19 189-204 reptiles, distribution, morphoclimate, enclaves, refuge Journal Article Vanzolini, P. E. 1981 A quasi-historical approach to the natural history of the differentiation of reptiles in tropical geographic isolates Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 34 19 189-204 Book Section Vanzolini, P. E. 1983 Guiano-Brasilian Polychrus: Distribution and speciation (Sauria: Iguanidae) Miyata, G. J. Rhodin and K. Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology--essays in honor of Ernest E. Williams Cambridge, Mass Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard Univ.) 118-131 reptiles, lizards, morphology, ecology, behavior, distribution, tropical Journal Article Varona, L.S. 1980 Protection in Cuba Oryx 18 282-284 CR, CA, conservation, Caribbean Journal Article Varona, L.S. 1981 Cuban crocodiles Rephiberary 40 7-8 CR, CA, Caribbean Thesis Vasquez Ruesta, P.G. 1981 Bases bio-ecologicas para el manejo de los Alligatoridae en Jenaro Herrera (Requena-Peru) 214 Journal Article Vasquez Ruesta, P. 1982 Descripcion del desarrollo embrionario de Paleosuchus trigonatus Schneider en Requena, Loreto Rev. Forestal del Peru 11 195-201 PAL, embryology, reproduction, South America Journal Article Vasquez Ruesta, P.G. 1983 Analysis de la situacion actual de los caimanes y del cocodrilo de Tumbes en el Peru Rev. Forestal del Peru 11 1-2 171-187 CCR, MN, CA, PAL, conservation, utilization, habitat, South America Journal Article Vasquez Ruesta, P.G. 1983 Alimentos y habitos alimentreios en ejemplares juveniles de Caiman sclerops; Alligatoridae en Jenaro Herrera (Requena) Rev. Forestal del Peru 11 1-2 188-194 CCR, food, habitat, South America Journal Article Vasta, G. R.;Cohen, E. 1982 The specificity of Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing (Arizona lethal scorpion) hemolymph agglutinins Dev Comp Immunol 6 2 219-30 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Antibody Specificity; ABO Blood-Group System; Cats; Cattle; Chickens; Comparative Study; Cross Reactions; Dogs; Ducks; Female; Goats; Hemagglutinins/*immunology; Hemolymph/*immunology; Horses; Horseshoe Crabs; Human; Male; Pigeons; Quail; Rats; Scorpions/*immunology; Sheep; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't C. sculpturatus sera agglutinate human erythrocytes independently of the ABO blood group, enzyme treatment, incubation temperature or sex of the scorpions. Tested with human lymphocytes and reptile and bird erythrocytes, C. sculpturatus serum reacts like an anti-sialic acid agglutinin. With leukemic lymphocytes, titers are higher than with normal lymphocytes. Mammalian erythrocytes show characteristic agglutination patterns for C. sculpturatus for Limulus polyphemus (horseshoe crab) that suggest different receptors for agglutinins of both species. Cross absorption and elution experiments indicate the presence of at least two specific agglutinins in C. sculpturatus serum. Agglutination is inhibited by N-acetylneuraminic acid and N- glycolyneuraminic acid, for all erythrocytes tested. Calcium is required for optimal activity of C. sculpturatus agglutinins. C. sculpturatus agglutinating activity is destroyed at 65% degrees C for 20 minutes. Titers are decreased by 2-mercaptoethanol, and more so after alkylation with iodoacetic acid suggesting that disulfide bonds are present in C. sculpturatus agglutinin molecules. Journal Article Vaughan, Sheryl L. 1982 Home range and habitat requirement study of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi, in the Picacho Mountains Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 61-63 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Vaughan, Sheryl L. 1983 Update of the home range and habitat use study of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in the Pichaco Mountains, Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 115-116 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Vaughan, Sheryl L. 1984 Update of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) study in the Picacho Mountains Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 60-61 gopherus agassizii Thesis Vaughan, S.L. 1984 Home range and habitat use of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi) in the Picacho Mountains, Pinal County, Arizona Thesis Vaughan, S.L.;Humphrey, J.A. 1984 Agonistic interactions between desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) and Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) Journal Article Vaz-Ferreira, R.;Achaval, F. 1980 Nidification y nacimiento de Caiman latirostris latirostris (Daudin, 1802) I. Reun. IberoAmer. Zool.. Vert. 1977 385-396 CL, nest, reproduction, South America Conference Proceedings Verdi Olivares, L.;Ibanez, L.;Dias, R.P. 1980 Observaciones sobre la Bioecologia del Lagarto blanco, Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Alligatoridae) en la cuenca del Rio Samiria, Loreto, Peru Journal Article VERHOEFF-DE FREMERIE, R. 1983 Diseases in the amphibian facility of the Hubrecht laboratory (Ambystoma mexicanum, Xenopus laevis, Discoglossus pictus, Rana pipiens, Rana lessonae, Bombina orientalis) Vago, C., Matz, G. (eds). C.R. 1st Int. Colloq. Pathol. Rept. & Amphib. 29.9-2.10.1992, Angers. 9-10 Amphibia, anura, urodela, Rana, Ambystoma Pathology, survey Book Section Verhoeff-de Fremery, R. 1983 Diseases in the amphibian facility of the Hubrecht Laboratory (Ambystoma mexicanum, Xenopus laevis, Discoglossus pictus, Rana pipiens, Rana lessonae, Bombina orientalis) Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 9-10 Journal Article Vethamany-Globus, S.;Globus, M.;Milton, G. 1983 A comparison of beta-endorphin levels in regenerating and nonregenerating vertebrates J Exp Zool 227 3 475-9 Animal; Endorphins/*blood; Female; Human; Male; Mice; Radioimmunoassay; Rana pipiens; *Regeneration; Salamandridae; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vertebrates/*blood/physiology The mean plasma level of beta-endorphin in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, as measured by radioimmunoassay, is significantly higher than the circulating levels of beta-endorphin in the anuran, Rana pipiens, and in mammals (humans and mice). The newt beta-endorphin level is found to be 6-fold greater than mammalian levels and three times greater than the levels observed in Rana pipiens. The high levels are maintained in the newt throughout limb regeneration. Journal Article Vethamany-Globus, S.;Globus, M.;Milton, G. 1984 beta-Endorphins (beta-EP) in amphibians: higher beta-EP levels during regenerating stages of anuran life cycle and immunocytochemical localization of beta-EP in regeneration blastemata J Exp Zool 232 2 259-67 Ambystoma; Amphibia/*metabolism; Animal; Anura/*growth & development; Endorphins/*blood; Forelimb/metabolism/physiology; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Metyrapone/pharmacology; Rana catesbeiana; Rana pipiens; *Regeneration; Salamandridae; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Xenopus laevis Plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) levels were measured at different stages of metamorphosis in anuran species, namely Rana catesbeiana, R. pipiens, and Xenopus laevis. The mean levels of beta-EP in tadpoles and postmetamorphic juveniles were significantly higher than adult levels in all three species examined. The pattern of high tadpole levels and low adult levels corresponds with the limb regeneration ability of the tadpole and restriction in the adult. We have also reported plasma beta- EP levels in two urodele species, Ambystoma tigrinum and A. jeffersonianum. Localization of beta-EP by immunocytochemistry shows bright fluorescence to beta-EP antiserum in the wound epithelium of the regeneration blastema. The mesoderm and nuclei of all blastema cells remain nonreactive. It is suggested that receptors to beta-EP reside in the epidermis. Journal Article Vethamany-Globus, S;Globus, Morton;Darch, A.;Milton, G.;Tomlinson, B. L. 1984 In vitro effects of insulin on macromolecular events in newt limb regeneration blastemata Journal of Experimental Zoology 231 63-74 Journal Article Vieira, M. M.;Veiga, L. A.;Nakano, M. 1984 Muscle D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Caiman sp II New data for enzyme characterization Comp Biochem Physiol [b] 79 3 427-33 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Animal; Apoenzymes/isolation & purification/metabolism; Drug Stability; Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism; Kinetics; Muscles/*enzymology; Reptiles/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Muscle GPDH from Caiman sp. was activated by dithioerythritol and 2- mercaptoethanol. Maximal activation was obtained with the reducing agent at 10mM final concentration. The binding of NAD to the apoenzyme occurs at four sites per tetramer, but ligand affinity seems to be heterogeneous. Incubation of the holo or the apoenzyme with NADH at 37 degrees C caused inactivation of the enzyme, with partial loss of SH- titrable groups. Incubation of the holo or the apoenzyme with G3P at 37 degrees C caused partial inactivation of the enzyme. The apoenzyme was demonstrated to be more stable than the respective holoenzyme, in the assay conditions used. Journal Article Viertel, B. 1980 Uberlebensraten und mortalitat bei erdkrotenlarven (Bufo bufo L. ) im Freiland Salamandra 16 1 19-37 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles, larvae, survivorship, pond community, predation, metamorphosis, fish Journal Article Viertel, B. 1981 Wachstumsraten, gewichtszustandswert und atilitat bei erdkrotenlarven (Bufo bufo L.) im Freiland Salamandra 17 1/2 20-42 Amphibia, Anura, tadpole, growth, development, Bufonidae, feeding, diet, prey density Journal Article Viertel, B. 1981 Die diagnose der mitteleuropaischen Urodela (Amphibia) nach der morphologie des mundhohlendaches Amphibia-Reptilia 3/4 213-221 Amphibia, Caudata, teethrows, mouth, teeth, metamorphosis, staging, Triturus vulgaris, helveticus, salamander, Central America, morphology Journal Article Viertel, B. 1982 Die biomasse von erdkrotenlarven (Bufo bufo L.) im Freiland (Amphibia: Salientia: Bufonidae) Salamandra 18 1/2 110-114 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles, larvae, Bufonidae, intraspecific competition, nutrient supply, survivorship Journal Article Viertel, B. 1982 The oral cavities of Central European anuran larvae (Amphibia): Morphology, ontogenesis and generic diagnosis Amphibia-Reptilia 4 327-360 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles Journal Article Viertel, B. 1982 The oral cavities of central European anuran larvae (Amphibia) morphology, ontogenesis and generic diagnosis Amphibia-Reptilia 4 327-360 Journal Article Viertel, B. 1982 The oral cavities of central European anuran larvae (Amphibia) morphology, ontogenesis and generic diagnosis. Amphibia-Reptilia 4 327-360 Journal Article Viertel, B. 1983 Suspension feeding of anuran larvae Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur Okologie 10 605-609 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles, filtration, population dynamics Book Section Viertel, B. 1984 Suspension feeding of the larvae of Baleaphryne muletensis Hemmer, H. and Alcover, J. A. Life History of the Mallorcan MIdwife Toad Ciutat de Mallorca Editorial Moll 153-161 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles, filtering, development Book Section Viertel, B. 1984 Habit, melanin pigmentation, oral disc, oral cavity and filter apparatus of the larvae of Baleaphryne muletensis Hemmer, H. and Alcover, J. A. Life History of the Mallorcan Midwife Toad Ciutat de Mallorca Editorial Moll 21-43 Amphibia, Anura, larvae, tadpole, morphology, description, feeding Journal Article Viertel, B. 1984 Filtration, ein strategie der nahrungsaufnahme der larven von Xenopus laevis, Rana temporaria und Bufo calamita (Amphibia, Anura) Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft fur Okologie 12 563-575 feeding rates, Amphibia, Anura, frog, tadpoles, larvae, growth rates, filtration Book Section Viertel, Bruno 1984 habitat, melanin pigmentation, oral disc, oral cavity and filter apparatus of the larvae of Baleaphryne muletensis Hemmer, Helmut and Alcover, Josep Antoni Història Biològica del Ferreret (Life history of the Mallorcan midwife toad Mallorca Editorial Moll 21-43 Journal Article Viertel, B. 1984 Filtration, eine Strategie der Nahrungsaufnahme der Larven von Xenopus laevis, Rana temporaria und Bufo calamita (Amphibia, Anura) Verh. Ges. Ökologie (Berlin) 12 563-575 Journal Article Vietmeyer, N. D. 1980 Agriculture and nutrition at village level, Underexploited village resources Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 209 1174 47-58 Agriculture/*methods; Animal; Buffaloes; Butterflies; Cookery; Developing Countries; *Food Supply; Human; Legumes; *Rural Health; Technology Developing country villages contain plants, animals and technologies whose extraordinary potentials are poorly appreciated by scientists. Examples of nutritious village crops that are still largely undeveloped and unappreciated outside their traditional villages are the winged bean, amaranths and the tepary bean. Tropical tree legumes, such as leucaena, grow fast and fix nitrogen and--although barely studied by foresters--are promising sources for village firewood and lumber. There are several animals with great promise for use in villages. The water buffalo is a gentle, productive village resource, neglected by the cow used by Indonesian villagers and unknown elsewhere in the tropics. And Papua New Guinea's new village farms for crocodiles and butterflies graphically demonstrate that wildlife husbandry can be valuable for remote rural areas, despite its neglect by animal science. Among exceptionally useful village technologies, an example is the amazingly efficient cooking system used on the small Indonesian islands of Roti and Sumba, which has so far been described only in Captain Cook's journals. Journal Article Vigil, Gregory O.;Miyata, Kenneth 1980 A new species of Dendrobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the lowland rain forests of western Ecuador Breviora 459 1-7 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1980 Observations: rat snake (ophiophagus) Hamadryad 5 3 3 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1981 Breeding notes Hamadryad 6 3 10-11 Lissemys punctata; Chamaeleo zeylanicus; Varanus bengalensis Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1981 The crocodile rearing project at Sathanur Hamadryad 6 2 3-4 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1981 The crocodile rearing project at Sathanar Hamadryad 6 2 3-4 CPl, CPR, GG, farming, conservation, India Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Pelochelys bibroni from the Gahirmata coast, Orissa Hamadryad 7 3 17 Pelochelys bibroni Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Breeding data on Melanochelys trijuga trijuga and Melanochelys trijuga cornata Hamadryad 7 3 16 melanochelys trijuga Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Kachuga tecta hatching at the snake park Hamadryad 7 3 14-15 Kachuga tecta Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Size of the Travancore tortoise, Geochelone travancorica Hamadryad 7 3 22 Geochelone travancorica Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Flap-shell turtle nests at Taramani, Madras Hamadryad 7 1 5-6 Lissemys punctata Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) growth rates in one year Hamadryad 7 2 7 Naja naja naja Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Rediscovery of the forest cane turtle (Heosemys silvatica) of Kerala Hamadryad 7 3 2-3 Heosemys silvatica Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Freshwater turtles in U.P./Bihar Hamadryad 7 1 12-13 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 21. Successful Artificial Breeding of Lissemys Punctata Granosa (Smith) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79 1 210-211 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Successful Artificial Breeding of Lissemys Punctata Granosa (Smith) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79 1 210-211 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1982 Pelochelys bibroni from the Gahirmatha coast, Orissa Hamadryad 7 3 17 Pelochelys bibroni Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Gharial project in Uttar Pradesh Hamadryad 8 1 24 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Range extension for the spotted pond turtle Geoclemys hamiltoni Hamadryad 8 2 20 Geoclemys hamiltoni Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Vernacular origins of species names Hamadryad 8 2 21 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Second search for cane turtles Heosemys silvatica in Kerala Hamadryad 8 1 20 Heosemys silvatica Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 First report of Amblyomma geoemydae from India Hamadryad 8 1 13 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Freshwater turtle survey in India 1982-83 Hamadryad 8 1 21-22 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Exploring the feasibility of freshwater turtle breeding for commercial purposes Hamadryad 8 1 6 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Auditory cues as possible stimuli for hatching eggs of the flap-shell turtle Lissemys punctata granosa Hamadryad 8 1 23 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 The Travancord tortoise, Geochelone travancorica Hamadryad 8 3 11-13 Geochelone travavcorica Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 18. Rediscovery of the Forest Cane Turtle, Heosemys (Geoemyda ) Silvatica (Reptilia, Testudinata, Emydidae) from Chalakudy Forests in Kerala Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79 3 676-677 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1983 Rediscovery of the Forest Cane Turtle, Heosemys (Geoemyda ) Silvatica (Reptilia, Testudinata, Emydidae) from Chalakudy Forests in Kerala Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79 3 676-677 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1984 Cane turtle (Heosemys silvatica) study project in Kerala Hamadryad 9 1 4 Journal Article Vijaya, J. 1984 A Calotes grandisquamis nest Hamadryad 9 2 19 Calotes grandisquamis Journal Article Villa, Jaime 1980 "Frogflies" from Central and South America with notes on other organisms of the amphibian egg microhabitat Bernesia 17 49-68 Journal Article Villa, J.;Valerio, C. E. 1982 Red, white and brown! Preliminary observations on the color of the centrolenid tadpole (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae) Brenesia 19/20 1-16 larvae, Centrolenella fleischmanni, coloration, development, descriptions Journal Article Villa, Jaime;McDiarmid, Roy W.;Gallardo, Jose' M. 1982 Arthropod predators of leptodactylid frog foam nests Brenesia 19/20 577-589 Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus latinasus, Leptodactylus pentadactylus, foam nests, eggs, arthropod predation, tadpoles, C. America, S. America, 176 Journal Article Villa, J.;McDiarmid, R. W.;Gallardo., J. M. 1982 Arthropod predators of leptodactylid frog foam nests Brenesia 19/20 577-589 Journal Article Villa, J.;Valerio., C. E. 1982 Red, white and brown Preliminary observations on the color of the centrolenid tadpole (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae) Brenesia 19/20 1-16 Journal Article Villa, J. 1984 The venomous snakes of Nicaragua: A synopsis Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 59 1-41 Elapidae, Viperidae, distribution, karyotypes, habitats, diagnoses Journal Article Villa, Jaime 1984 Biology of a neotropical glass frog, Centrolenella fleischmanni (Boettger), with special reference to its frogfly associates Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 55 1-60 parasites predation natural history reproduction Journal Article Villa, Jaime 1984 The Venomous snakes of Nicaragua: A Synopsis Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 59 1-41, 1 color plate Journal Article Visser, G.J. 1981 Breeding the White-throated monitor Intern. Zoo Yearbook 21 87-91 Reptilia, sauria, monitor, physiology, breeding 270390 MDL DGB Rept 86 Journal Article Visser, Gerard 1984 Husbandry and reproduction of the sil-tailed lizard, Hydrosaurus amboinensis (Schlosser, 1768) (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae), at Rotterda Zoo Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 129-148 Journal Article Visser, John 1984 Geitjies - die mooiste en die lywigste Landbouweekblad 1984 23 Maart 12- Journal Article Visser, John 1984 Klein grondgeitjies hou hul lyfies skaars Landbouweekblad 1984 1 Jinie 40-43 Journal Article Visser, John 1984 Die kwarts- en Maricogeitjie Landbouweekblad 1984 6 April 40-43 Journal Article Visser, John 1984 Kalahari-geitjie kan ook warm kry! Landbouweekblad 1984 4 Mei 48-51 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1980 Ecological observations on sympatric Philodryas (Colubridae) in northeastern Brazil Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 34 5 87-98 Journal Article Vitt, L. J.;Lacher, T. E. 1981 Behavior, habitat, diet, and reproduction of the iguanid lizard Polychrus acutirostris in the caatinga of northeastern Brazil Herpetologica 37 53-63 reptiles, lizards, behavior, food, reproduction, display, cycles, habitat, tropics, Polychrotidae, Polychridae Journal Article Vitt, L. J.;Sels, R. C. van Loben;Ohmart, R. D. 1981 Ecological relationships among arboreal desert lizards Ecology 62 2 398-410 reptiles, Arizona, competition, diet overalp, habitat, resource partitioning, Sceloporus, Urosaurus, thermal ecology, Sonoran Desert Journal Article Vitt, L. J. 1981 Lizard reproduction: habitat specificity and constraints on relative clutch mass Am. Nat. 117 506-514 reptiles, eggs, morphology Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;van Loben Sels, Richard C.;Ohmart, Robert D. 1981 Ecological relationships among arboreal desert lizards Ecology 62 2 398-410 Arboreal desert lizards; Arizona; Competition; Diet overlap; Habitat utilization; Resource partitioning; Sceloporus; Sonoran Desert; Thermal Ecology; Usosaurus; Ecology Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1981 Lizard reproduction: Habitat specificity and constraints on relative clutch mass American Naturalist 117 4 506-514 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1981 Tail autotomy and regeneration in the tropical skink, Mabuya heathi Journal of Herpetology 15 4 454-457 Journal Article Vitt, L. J. 1982 Book review: The behavioral ecology of the Komodo monitor, by Walter Auffenberg Copeia 1982 3 733-734 Journal Article Vitt, L. J. 1982 Reproductive tactics of Ameiva ameiva (Lacertilia: Teiidae) in a seasonally fluctuating tropical habitat Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 3113-3120 Reptiles, lizards, teiidae, lacertilia, Ameiva ameiva, tropical, reproduction, caatinga, Brazil, Teiidae Journal Article Vitt, L. J. 1982 Sexual dimorphism and reproduction in the microteiid lizard, Gymnophthalmus multiscutatus Journal of Herpetology 16 3 325-329 Sexual dimorphism, reproduction, microteiid, lizards, Gymnophthalmus multiscutatus, reptiles, caatinga, Brazil, South America, Tropical, Gymnophthalmidae Journal Article Vitt, L. J.;Ballinger, R. E. 1982 The adaptive significance of a complex caudal adaptation in the tropical gekkonid lizard Lygodactylus klugei Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 2582-2587 Reptiles, lizards, gekkonidae, Lygodactylus klugei, tail, caudal adaptation, tropics, Brazil, adaptation Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Laerm, Joshua 1982 Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Georgia Georgia Journal of Science 40 75-83 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Price, Holly J. 1982 Ecological and evolutionary determinants of relative clutch mass in lizards Herpetologica 38 1 237-255 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1982 Sexual dimorphism and reproduction in the microteiid lizard, Gymnophthalmus mutliscutatus Journal of Herpetology 16 325-329 Journal Article Vitt, L. J. 1983 Tail loss in lizards: the significance of foraging and predator escape modes Herpetologica 39 2 151-162 Reptiles, lizards, tail loss, autotomy, foraging, predator escape, lacertilia, sit-and-wait, widely foraging Journal Article Vitt, L. J. 1983 Reproduction and sexual dimorphism in the tropical teiid lizard Cnemidophorus ocellifer Copeia 1983 2 359-366 Reptiles, lizards, teiidae, Cnemidophorus ocellifer, reproduction, sexual dimorphism, tropics, Brazil, cluthc size Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1983 Reproduction in the lizard Mabuya heathi (Scincidae): a commentary on viviparity in new world Mabuya Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 2798-2806 Mabuya heathi; reproduction; viviparity; body size; sexual dimorphism Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Blackburn, Daniel G. 1983 Reproduction in the lizard Mabuya heathi (Scincidae): a commentary on viviparity in new world Mabuya Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 2798-2806 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Vangilder, Larry D. 1983 Ecology of a snake community in northeastern Brazil Amphibia-Reptilia 4 273-296 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Goldberg, Stephen R. 1983 Reproductive ecology of two tropical iguanid lizards: Tropidurus torquatus and Platynotus semitaeniatus Copeia 1983 1 131-141 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1983 Ecology of an anuran-eating guild of terrestrial tropical snakes Herpetologica 39 1 52-66 Journal Article Vitt, L. J.;Campbell, J. A. 1984 Book Review: The snakes of Honduras by L. D. Wilson and J. R. Meyer Herpetologica 40 345-346 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Campbell, Jonathan A. 1984 Book review: The Snakes of Honduras Herpetologica 40 3 345-346 Book Vives-Balmaña, Maria Victòria 1984 Els Amfibis i els Rèptils de Catalunya Barcelona Col-lecció Ventall 229 Conference Proceedings Vliet, K.A. 1982 Social and reproductive behavior of the alligator 32-33 Journal Article Vogel, Zdenek 1981 Bude Mlok zemní vzácnym zvíretem? Akvárium Terárium 29 3 28-30 Journal Article Vogel, P. 1983 On an ant-lizard interaction Oecologia (Berl.) 58 269-271 Reptiles, lizards, insects, anolis, behavior, Jamaica, Journal Article Vogt, Richard C.;McCoy, C. J. 1980 Status of the emydine turtle genera Chrysemys and Pseudemys Annals of Carnegie Museum 49 5 93-102 Chrysemys; Pseudemys; Taxonomy; Electrophoresis; Trachemys Journal Article Vogt, Richard C. 1980 Natural history of the map turtles Graptemys pseudogeographica and G. ouachitensis in Wisconsin Tulane Studies in Zoology 22 1 17-48 Journal Article Vogt, R.C 1980 New methods for trapping aquatic turtles Copeia 1980 368-371 Journal Article Vogt, R. C. 1981 Turtle egg (Graptemys: Emydidae) infestation by fly larvae Copeia 1981 2 457-459 reptiles, reproduction, Journal Article Vogt, R. C. 1981 Graptemys versa Stejneger Texas map turtle Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 280 1-2 reptiles, distribution, account, Journal Article Vogt, R. C. 1981 Food partitioning in three sympatric species of map turtle, genus Graptemy (Testudinata, Emydidae) American Midland Naturalist 105 1 102-111 reptiles, diet, ecology, feeding, comparative, Book Vogt, Richard Carl 1981 Natural History of Amphibians and Reptiles of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI Milwaukee Public Museum 205 Wisconsin Journal Article Vogt, Richard C. 1981 Graptemys versa Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 280 1-2 Journal Article Vogt, Richard C. 1981 Food partitioning in three sympatric species of map turtle, Genus Graptemys (Testudinata, Emydidae) American Midland Naturalist 105 1 102-111 Journal Article Vogt, R. C.;Bull, J. J.;McCoy, C. J.;Houseal, T. W. 1982 Incubation temperature influences sex determination in kinosternid turtles Copeia 1982 2 480-482 reptiles, reproduction, temperature, thermal, environment Journal Article Vogt, R. C.;Bull, J. J. 1982 Temperature controlled sex-determination in turtles: ecological and behavioral aspects Herpetologica 38 1 156-164 reptiles, reproduction, temperature, thermal, environment, Graptemys, Journal Article Vogt, R. C. 1982 Genetic sex determination in the spiny softshell Trionyx spiniferus (Testudines: Trionychidae) Copeia 1982 3 699-700 reptiles, reproduction, temperature, thermal, environment Journal Article Vogt, Richard C.;Bull, James;McCoy, C. J.;Houseal, T. W. 1982 Incubation temperature influences sex determination in Kinosternid turtles Copeia 1982 2 480-482 Journal Article Vogt, Richard C.;Bull, James J. 1982 Temperature controlled sex-determination in turtles: Ecological and behavioral aspects Herpetologica 38 1 156-164 Book Section Vogt, Richard C.;Hine, Ruth L. 1982 Evaluation of techniques for assessment of amphibian and reptile populations in Wisconsin Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 201-217 Journal Article Vogt, R. C.;Bull, J. J. 1984 Ecology of hatchling sex ratio in map turtles Ecology 65 2 582-587 sex determination temperature graptemys ouachitensis pseudo geographica geographica apalone trionyx spinifera chrysemys picta chelydra serpentina Journal Article Volf, J. 1984 Giant tortoises Ziva 32 1 30-32 Journal Article Volkov, V. I. 1982 Morphological characteristics of the frog (Rana ridibunda) myocytes in the process of cardiogenesis Arch. Anat. Gistol. Embryol. 82 73-80 Book Section Von Achen, P. H.;Rakestraw, J. L. 1984 The role of chemoreception in the prey selection of neonate reptiles Seigel, R. A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L. and Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics-A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 163-172 Reptiles, chemicals, smell, predation, comparative, lizards, snakes, tongue-flick Journal Article Voris, Harold K.;Glodek, Garrett S. 1980 Habitat, diet and reproduction of the file snake, Acrochordus granulatus, in the Straits of Malacca Journal of Herpetology 14 1 108-111 Journal Article Voris, Harold K.;Glodek, Garrett S. 1980 Habitat, Diet and Reproduction of the File snake, Acrochordus granulatus, in the StraitsofMalacca Journal of Herpetology 14 1 108-110 file snake Journal Article Voris, Harold K.;Moffett, Mark W. 1981 Size and proportion relationship between the beaked sea snake and its prey Biotropica 13 1 15-19 Journal Article Voris, H. K.;Voris, H. H. 1983 Feeding strategies in marine snakes: an analysis of evolutionary, morphological, behavioral and ecological relationships American Zoologist 23 2 411-425 reptiles, diet Journal Article Voris, Harold K.;Voris, Helen H. 1983 Feeding strategies in marine snakes: an analysis of evolutionary, morphological, behavioral and ecological relationaships American Zoologist 23 411-425 sea aipysurus emydocephalus hydrophis Edited Book Voronov, V. G. 1982 Ecological-faunistic investigations of some vertebrates of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands USSR Academy of Sciences 144 p. Journal Article Vosburgh, K.M.;al., et 1982 Ascorbic acid requirements of garter snakes: plains (Thamnophis radix) and Eastern (T. sirtalis sirtalis) J. Zoo Anim. Med. 13 38-42 Reptilia, serpentes, garter snake nutritien, requirements, vitamin C 210390 MDL DGB Rept 80, vet,vit,serp PF x Journal Article Voute, C. L.;Wolfgang, F.;Leu, G. 1981 Measurement of membrane potential in isolated small cells with the help of a peak detector Med Biol Eng Comput 19 4 514-6 Animal; Bladder/cytology; Electronics/*instrumentation; Electrophysiology/instrumentation; Epithelium/cytology; In Vitro; *Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Book Section Vries, T. de 1984 The giant tortoise: a natural history disturbed by man Perry, R. Key Environments - Galapagos London Pergamon Press 145-156 Journal Article Vyas, Rajendran 1983 Snakes sizes and locality data Hamadryad 8 3 10 Journal Article Wachtmeister, L. 1980 Further studies of the chemical sensitivity of the oscillatory potentials of the electroretinogram (ERG) I. GABA- and glycine antagonists Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 58 5 712-25 Action Potentials/drug effects; Animal; Bicuculline/*pharmacology; Culture Media; Depression, Chemical; Electroretinography; Glycine/antagonists & inhibitors; GABA/antagonists & inhibitors; In Vitro; Necturus maculosus; Picrotoxin/*pharmacology; Retina/*physiology; Strychnine/pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Culture The oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the mudpuppy ERG were studied to evaluate the effects of GABA and glycine antagonists. Upon exposing the retina to bicuculline and picrotoxin, blocking agents of the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, all the OPs were selectively abolished. The earlier OPs (01-03) appeared more sensitive to the drug than the latter ones (04-05). There was no appreciable effect on the range of sensitivity and saturation level of the b-wave. Low concentrations of strychnine, blocking the effect of the putative inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine, produced a selective decrease of the amplitude of the OPs. The first (01) appeared less sensitive to the drug than the later ones. Higher concentrations extinguished all the OPs but also decreased the suprathreshold amplitude of the b-wave. In conclusion, the present results in agreement with previous work, suggest that the OPs appear to have a different origin from the b-wave and seem to be generated by inhibitory feed-back circuits within retina. The differential sensitivity of the individual oscillatory peaks indicate that perhaps chemically different synaptic activities might underlie the individual oscillatory potentials. Journal Article WADE, S.E. 1981 Capillaria xenopodus sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) from the epidermis of the South African clawed frog(Xenopus laevis Daudin) Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 49 86-92 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, infection, helminth, Capillaria, Journal Article Wade, Nicholas 1981 Dinosaur battle erupts in British Museum Science 211 35-36 Journal Article Wade, J. K.;Echternacht, A. C.;McCracken, G. F. 1983 Genetic variation and similarity in Anolis carolinensis (Sauria: Iguanidae) Copeia 1983 2 523-529 reptiles, lizards, population, allele, electrophoresis, Book Wager, Vincent A. 1983 (1987) The life of the Chameleon Durban, South Africa Natal Branch of the Wildlife Society 34 Book Wagner, Frederic H. 1980 Wildlife of the Deserts New York Harry N. Abrams 231 Journal Article Wagner, Ernie 1982 Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki (Milk Snake). Coloration Herpetological Review 13 1 18 getula Journal Article Wagner, Ernie 1983 Retained eggs in snakes Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 3 4 4-5 Journal Article Wakahara, M. 1982 Chronological changes in the accumulation of Poly(A)+RNA in developing cells of Xenopus laevis, with special reference to PGCs Develop. Growth Differ. 24 311-318 Journal Article Wake, M. H. 1980 The reproductive biology of Nectophrynoides malcomi (Amphibia: Bufonidae), with comments on the evolution of reproductive modes in the genus Nectophrynoides Copeia 1980 2 193-209 amphibians, Ethiopia, clutch, viviparity, morphology Journal Article Wake, D. B. 1980 Paedomorphosis Journal of Herpetology 14 1 80-81 amphibians, development, metamorphosis, Journal Article Wake, M. H. 1980 Reproduction, growth, and population structure of the Central American caecilian Dermophis mexicanus Herpetologica 36 3 244-256 amphibians, viviparity, demography, age Journal Article Wake, M. H. 1980 Morphometrics of the skeleton of Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Part I. The vertebrae, with comparisons to other species Journal of Morphology 165 117-130 amphibians, morphology, allometry, ontogeny, Journal Article Wake, D. B. 1980 Evidence of heterochronic evolution: a nasal bone in the Olympic salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus Journal of Herpetology 14 3 292-295 amphibians, morphology, relationships Journal Article Wake, D. B.;Yang, S. Y.;Papenfuss, T. J. 1980 Natural hybridization and its evolutionary implications in Guatemalan plethodontid salamanders of the genus Bolitoglossa Herpetologica 36 4 335-345 amphibians, hybridization, allozymes, electrophoresis, morphology, Mexico Journal Article Wake, Marvalee H. 1980 The reproductive biology of Nectophrynoides malcolmi (Amphibia: Bufonidae), with comments on the evolution of reproductive modes in the genus Nectophrynoides Copeia 1980 193-209 Amphibia, anura, africa, viviparous, nectophrynoides, reproduction, development, life history Journal Article Wake, David B. 1980 Evidence of Heterochronic Evolution: A Nasal Bone in the Olympic Salamander Journal of Herpetology 14 3 292-294 evolution Journal Article Wake, Marvalee H. 1980 Fetal tooth development and adult replacement in Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Fields versus clones Journal of Morphology 166 203-216 Journal Article Wake, Marvalee H.;Hafner, J. C.;Hafner, Mark S.;Klosterman, Lorrie L.;Patton, James L. 1980 The karyotype of Typhlonectes compressicauda (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) with comments on chromosome evolution in caecilians Experientia 36 171-172 Journal Article Wake, David B. 1980 Tarsal rearrangement and arboriatlity in salamanders; A macroevolutionary event with a simple developmental basis American Zoologist 20 4 132 Journal Article Wake, M. H. 1981 Structure and function of the male mullerian gland in caecilians, with comments on its evolutionary significance Journal of Herpetology 15 1 17-22 amphibians, reproduction, evolution, Journal Article Wake, D. B.;Brame, A. H.;Thomas, R. 1982 A remarkable new species of salamander allied to Bolitoglossa altamazonica (Plethodontidae) from southern Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 58 1-21 amphibians, description, morphology, hand, Journal Article Wake, M. H.;Hanken, J. 1982 Development of the skull of Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on skull kinesis and amphibian relationships Journal of Morphology 173 203-223 amphibians, morphology, osteology, Book Section Wake, M. H. 1982 Diversity within a framework of constraints. Amphibian reproductive modes Mossakowski, D. and Roth, G. Environmental adaptation and evolution New York Gustav Fischer 87-106 amphibians, morphology, adaptation, evolution, reproduction, viviparity Book Section Wake, D. B. 1982 Functional and developmental constraints and opportunities in the evolution of feeding systems in urodeles Mossakowski, D. and Roth, G. Environmental adaptation and evolution New York Gustav Fischer 51-66 amphibians, morphology, adaptation, evolution, tongue, Journal Article Wake, David B.;Lynch, James F. 1982 Evolutionary relationships among Central American salamanders of the Bolitoglossa franklini group, with a description of a new species from Guatemala Herpetologica 38 2 257-272 caudata; Bolitoglossa meliana sp. nov.; electrophoresis; proteins; biogeography; Guatemala; Bolitoglossa franklini group Journal Article Wake, David B.;Brame, Arden H., Jr;Thomas, Richard 1982 A remarkable new species of salamander allied to Bolitoglossa altamazonica (Plethodontidae) from southern Peru Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 58 1-21 Journal Article Wake, David B. 1982 Functional and evolutionary morphology Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 25 4 603-620 Journal Article Wake, M. H.;Hanken., J. 1982 Development of the skull of Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on skull kinesis and amphibian relationships Journal of Morphology 173 203-223 Book Section Wake, David B. 1982 Functional and developmental constraints and opportunties in the evolution of feeding systems in urodeles Mossakowski, D. and Roth, G. Environmental Adaptation and Evolution Stuttgart Gustav Fischer 51-66 Journal Article Wake, D. B.;Roth, G.;Wake, M. H. 1983 Tongue evolution in lungless salamanders, family Plethodontidae III. Patterns of peripheral innervation Journal of Morphology 178 207-224 Amphibia, Caudata, physiology, anatomy, Hydromantes, Plethodon, Batrachoseps, Pseudoeurycea Journal Article Wake, M. H.;Campbell, J. A. 1983 A new genus and species of caecilian from the Sierra de las Minas of Guatemala Copeia 4 857-863 Minascaecilia sartoria, description, distribution, morphology, Amphibia, Gymnophiona Journal Article Wake, D. B.;Elias, P. 1983 New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) Contributions in Science Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 345 1-19 amphibians, distribution, systematics, description, morphology, Journal Article Wake, David B.;Elias, Paul 1983 New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the Tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) Contributions in Science 345 1-19 Journal Article Wake, David B.;Roth, Gerhard;Wake, Marvalee H. 1983 On the problem of stasis in organismal evolution J. theor. Biol. 101 211-224 Journal Article Wake, Thomas, A.;Wake, David B.;Wake, Marvalee H. 1983 The ossification sequence of Aneides lugubris, with comments on heterochrony Journal of Herpetology 17 1 10-22 Journal Article Wake, Marvalee H.;Campbell, Jonathan A. 1983 A new genus and species of caecilian from the Sierra de las Minas of Guatemala Copeia 1983 4 857-863 Minascaecilia gen. nov.; Minascaecilia sartoria n. sp. Journal Article Wake, M. H. 1984 A new caecilian from Peru (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 35 1-3 213-219 Amphibia, Gymnophiona, frog, Oscaecilia koepckeorum, new species, description Journal Article Wake, M. H. 1984 A new species of Caecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) from Bolivia Amphibia-Reptilia 5 215-220 description, morphology, distribution, Journal Article Wake, Marvalee H. 1984 (1985) A new species of Caecilia (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) from Bolivia Amphibia-Reptilia 5 215-220 Caecilia marcusi sp. nov. Journal Article Walchuk, Sandra L.;deVos, James C., Jr 1982 An inventory of desert tortoise populations near Tucson, Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 51-60 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Walchuk, Sandra L. 1984 The Adobe Mountain Wildlife Center Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1984 62-63 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Waldichuk, M. 1980 Retrospect of the Ixtoc I blowout Marine Pollution Bulletin 11 184-186 ridley; pollution Journal Article Waldman, B. 1981 Sibling recognition in toad tadpoles: The role of experience Z. Tierpsychol. 56 341-358 Amphibia, Anura, larvae, kinship, preferences, Bufo Journal Article Waldman, B. 1981 Sibling recognition in toad tadpoles: the role of experience Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 56 341-358 Journal Article Waldman, Bruce 1982 Sibling association among schooling toad tadpoles: Field evidence and implications Animal Behaviour 30 700-713 Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo americanus, tadpoles, kin, schooling, sibling recognition, behavior, aposmatic advertisement, alarm signalling, kin-influenced growth regulation, USA, New York, 149 Journal Article Waldman, B. 1982 Adaptive significance of communal oviposition in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 10 169-174 Amphibia, Anura, frogs, reproduction, breeding, eggs, survivorship, temperature, Ranidae Journal Article Waldman, B. 1982 Sibling association among schooling toad tadpoles: field evidence and implications Animal Behaviour 30 700-713 Journal Article Waldman, B.;Ryan., M. J. 1983 Thermal advantages of communal egg mass deposition in wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) Journal of Herpetology 17 70-72 Journal Article Waldman, B. 1984 Kin recognition and sibling association among wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 14 171-180 Journal Article Waldschmidt, Steve 1980 Orientation to the sun by the iguanid lizards Uta stansburiana and Sceloporus undulatus: Hourly and monthly variations Copeia 1980 3 458-462 Journal Article Waldschmidt, Steve;Tracy, C. Richard 1983 Interactions between a lizard and its thermal environment: implications for sprint performance and space utilization in the lizard Uta stansburiana Ecology 64 3 476-484 Journal Article Walker, J. Martin 1980 Accessory Femoral Pores in a Colony of the Collared Lizard, Crotophytus collaris in Texas Journal of Herpetology 14 4 417 hind limbs, lizards Journal Article Walker, J. Martin 1980 Cnemidophorus alpinus: Observations on Distribution and Variation Journal of Herpetology 14 4 353-360 racerunner Journal Article Walker, J. M. 1982 Reproductive characteristics of the colima giant whiptail, Cnemidophorus communis communis Cope Southwestern Naturalist 27 2 241-243 reptiles, lizards, body size, eggs, Journal Article Walker, J.B.;Schultz, K.C.A. 1984 Records of the bont tick,Amblyomma hebraeum, from the angulate tortoise, Chersina angulata and the leopard tortoise, Cheochelone pardalis Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res 51 171-174 Reptilia, testudines, angulate tortoise, Chersina angulata,leopard tortoise, Cheochelone pardalis, infection, acari, bont tick,Amblyomma hebraeum Journal Article Ward, D.;Sexton, O. J. 1981 Anti-predator role of salamander egg membranes Copeia 1981 3 724-726 Amphibians, reproduction, predation, defense, eggs, Missouri Journal Article Ward, D.;Sexton., O. J. 1981 Anti-predator role of salamander egg membranes Copeia 1981 724-726 Journal Article Ward, Joseph P. 1984 Relationships of Chrysemyd turtles of North America (Testudines; Emydidae) Special Publications, The Museum, Texs Tech University 21 1-50 Journal Article Warner, J.L. 1982 Life history note (reproduction). Terrapene carolina carolina Herp. Review 13 48-49 Journal Article Warren, J. H.;Gross, M. R.;Shine, R. 1980 Paternity and the evolution of male parental care Journal of Theoretical Biology 82 619-631 reptiles, behavior, reproduction Journal Article Wassersug, Richard 1980 Internal oral features of larvae from eight anuran families: Functional, systematic, evolutionary and ecological considerations University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 68 1-146 anatomy, Anura, Amphibia, Ascaphidae, Discoglossidae, Rhinophrynidae, Microhylidae, Pelobatidae, Hylidae, Centrolenidae, Dendrobatidae Journal Article Wassersug, R. J. 1980 Internal oral features of larvae from eight anuran families: functional, systematic, evolutionary and ecological considerations Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas 68 1-146 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Lum, A. M.;Potel, M. J. 1981 An analysis of school structure for tadpoles (Anura: Amphibia) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 9 15-22 Bufo woodhousei, Xenopus laevis, larvae, spatial relationships, cues, schooling Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Frogner, K. J.;Inger, R. F. 1981 Adaptations for life in tree holes by rhacophorid tadpoles from Thailand Journal of Herpetology 15 1 41-52 Anura, Rhacophoridae, tadpoles, tree hole ecology, oral morphology, feeding, SE Asia, Thailand Journal Article Wassersug, Richard J.;Paul, Rashel D.;Feder, Martin E. 1981 Cardio-respiratory synchrony in anuran larvae (Xenopus laevis, Pachymedusa dacnicolor, and Rana berlandieri) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 70A 329-334 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Paul, R.;Feder., M. E. 1981 Cardio-respiratory synchrony in anuran larvae (Xenopus laevis, Pachymedusa dacnicolor, and Rana berlandieri) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 70A 329-334 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Frogner, K. L.;Inger., R. F. 1981 Adaptations for life in tree holes by rhacophorid tadpoles from Thailand Journal of Herpetology 15 41-52 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Lum, A. M.;Potel., M. J. 1981 An analysis of school structure for tadpoles (Anura: Amphibia) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 9 15-22 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Paul, R.;Feder., M. E. 1981 Cardio-respiratory synchrony in anuran larvae (Xenopus laevis, Pachymedusa dacnicolor, and Rana berlandieri). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 70A 329-334 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Hoff, K. 1982 Developmental changes in the orientation of the anuran jaw suspension: A preliminary exploration into the evolution of anuran metamorphosis Evolutionary Biology 15 223-246 Anura, tadpole, metamorphosis, development, changes in jaw orientation, evolution, 99 Journal Article Wassersug, R. 1982 Book review: Life of a giant lizard Science 215 1607-1608 reptiles Journal Article Wassersug, Richard J. 1982 Book review: The Behavioral Ecology of the komodo Monitor Science 215 1607-1608 Journal Article Wassersug, Richard J.;Feder, Martin E. 1983 The effects of aquatic oxygen concentration, body size and respiratory behaviour on the stamina of obligate aquatic (Bufo americanus) and facultative air-breathing (Xenopus laevis and Rana berlandieri) anuran larvae Journal of Experimental Biology 105 173-190 Anura, Bufo, Xenopus, Rana, tadpoles, locomotion, respiration, behavior, 97 Journal Article Wassersug, Richard J.;Heyer, W. Ronald 1983 Morphological correlates of subaerial existence in leptodactylid tadpoles associated with flowing water Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 761-769 Amphibia, anura, leptodactylidae, life history, habitat, ecology, Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Feder., M. E. 1983 The effects of aquatic oxygen concentration, body size and respiratory behavior on the stamina of obligate aquatic (Bufo americanus) and facultative air-breathing (Xenopus laevis and Rana berlandieri) anuran larvae Journal of Experimental Biology 105 173-190 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Heyer., W. R. 1983 Morphological correlates of subaerial existence in leptodactylid tadpoles associated with flowing water Canadian Journal of Zoology 61 761-769 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Feder., M. E. 1983 The effects of aquatic oxygen concentration, body size and respiratory behaviors on the stamina of obligate aquatic (Bufo americanus) and facultative air-breathing (Xenopus laevis and Rana berlandieri) anuran larvae. Journal of Experimental Biology 105 173-190 Journal Article Wassersug, Richard 1984 Book Review: The gastric brooding frog. Edited by Michael J. Tyler Herpetologica 40 2 219-220 Anura, Leptodactilidae, Rheobatrachus silus, book review, 93 Journal Article Wassersug, R. J.;Rose, M. R. 1984 A reader's guide and retrospective to the 1982 Darwin centennial Quarterly Review of Biology 59 4 417-437 evolution, Journal Article Wassersug, Richard 1984 Why tadpoles love fast food Natural History 1984 4 60-70 Anura, tadpoles, feeding, 106 Journal Article Wassersug, Richard 1984 The Pseudohemisus tadpole: a morphological link between microhylid (Orton type 2) and ranoid (Orton type 4) larvae Herpetologica 40 138-149 Amphibia, anura, larval morphology, Orton larval types, systematics, relationships, phenetic Journal Article Wassersug, Richard J.;Duellman, William E. 1984 Oral structures and their development in egg-brooding hylid frog embryos and larvae: evolutionary and ecological implications Journal of Morphology 182 1-37 amphibia, anura, hylidae, Gastrotheca, Amphignathodon, Cryptobatrachus, Stefania, Hemiphractus, Cryptobatrachus fuhrmanni, Flectonotus pygmaeus, Gritziana goeldii, Gastrotheca argenteovirens, Gastrotheca cavia, Gastrotheca christiani, Gastrotheca cornuta, Gastrotheca excubitor, Gastrotheca gracilis, Gastrotheca lojana, Gastrotheca marsupiata, Gastrotheca monticola, Gastrotheca orophylax, Gastrotheca ovifera, Gastrotheca peruana, Gastrotheca psychrophila, Gastrotheca riobambae, Gastrotheca testudinea, Gastrotheca walkeri, Hemiphractus scutatus, Stefania evansi, external morphology, morphology, oral morphology, phylogentic relationship,direct development Journal Article Wassersug, R.;Duellman., W. E. 1984 Oral structures and their development in egg-brooding hylid frog embryos and larvae: evolutionary and ecological implications Journal of Morphology 182 1-37 Journal Article Wassersug, R. 1984 The Pseudohemisus tadpole: a morphological link between microhylid (Orton Type 2) and ranoid (Orton Type 4) larvae Herpetologica 40 138-149 Journal Article Wassersug, Richard J. 1984 Why tadpoles love fast food Natural History 93 4 60-69 Thesis Watanabe, M.E. 1980 An ethological study of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis Daudin) with emphasis on vocalizations and responses to vocalizations 182 Book Section Watanabe, M.E. 1982 Suggestions for standardization of data collection techniques and terminology used in studying crocodilian nesting Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 404-409 Journal Article Watanabe, M.E. 1983 The Chinese alligator: is farming the last hope? Oryx 17 4 176-181 AS, farming, conservation, China Book Section Watanabe, M.E.;Chu-chien, Huang 1984 Landsat remote sensing imagery as a tool in defining the environment of the Chinese alligator, Alligator sinensis Fauvel Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 216-219 Book Section Watanabe, M.E.;Chu-chien, Huang 1984 Status of the Chinese alligator in the People's Republic of China Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 6th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-905-1. ix + 219 pp. 91-102 Journal Article Watanabe, K.;Sasaki, F.;Takahama., H. 1984 The ultrastructure of oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane formation and rupture in the anuran embryo Anatomical Record 210 513-524 Journal Article Watts, D. A.;Angelides, T.;Brown, W. D. 1983 The primary structure of myoglobin from pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas caranigra) Biochim Biophys Acta 742 2 310-7 Alligators and Crocodiles; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Comparative Study; Lizards; Muscles/analysis; *Myoglobin/isolation & purification; Peptide Fragments/analysis; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Turtles The amino acid sequence of the main component myoglobin from skeletal muscle of Pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas caranigra) has been determined. The globin is 153 residues in length and has a free amino- terminus. The heme-binding and internal residues are as found in mammalian myoglobins. Ten substitutions are observed between this myoglobin and that from map turtle. About 38, 52, 47 and 86 substitutions are noted in comparison with the myoglobins of other reptiles, mammals, birds and fish, respectively. The inferred pattern of structural stabilization and conservation of two loci are typical of tetrapod myoglobin. Journal Article Weatherhead, R. J.;Anderka, F. W. 1984 An improved radio transmitter and implantation technique for snakes Journal of Herpetology 18 2 264-269 transmitters, surgery, snakes, methods Journal Article Webb, Robert G. 1980 Thamnophis cyrtopsis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 245 1-4 Journal Article Webb, Robert H.;Wilshire, Howard G. 1980 Recovery of soils and vegetation in a Mojave Desert ghost town, Nevada, U.S.A Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 117-135 Gopherus agassizii Conference Proceedings Webb, G.J.W. 1980 Nesting biology of Crocodylus johnstoni in the Northern Territory Abstract 107 Journal Article Webb, Robert G. 1980 The Trionychid turtle Trionyx steindachneri introduced in Hawaii? Journal of Herpetology 14 2 206 soft shell turtle Book Webb, Grahame 1980 (1982) The Numunwari Sydney Fontana Books vi, 250 Book Webb, J. E.;Wallwork, J. A.;Elgood, J. H. 1981 Guide to Living Amphibians London Macmillan Press Ltd viii + 144 Journal Article Webb, Grahame J. W.;Gans, Carl 1982 Galloping in Crocodylus johnstoni - A reflection of terrestrial activity? Records of the Australian Museum 34 14 6007-618 behavior biomechanics Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Manolis, S.C.;Buckworth, R. 1982 Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River area, NT I Variation in the diet, and a new method of assessing the relative importance of prey Aust. J. Zool. 300 877-899 CJ, food, techniques, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Gans, C. 1982 Galloping in Crocodylus johnstoni- a reflection of increased terrestrial activity? Rec. Aust. Mus. 34 14 607-618 CJ, locomotion, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W. 1982 A look at the Freshwater crocodile Aust. Nat. Hist. 20 9 299-303 CJ, conservation, ecology, nest, reproduction, food, growth, Australia Journal Article Webb, Grahame J. W.;Gans, Carl 1982 Galloping in Crocodylus johnstoni - A reflection of terrestrial activity? Records of the Australian Museum 34 14 607-618 Journal Article Webb, Grahame J. W.;Buckworth, Rik;Manolis, S. Charlie 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the Mckinlay River Area, N.T. IV. A demonstration of homing Australian Wildlife Research 10 403-406 Crocodylus johnstoni; Homing Journal Article Webb, Grahame J. W.;Buckworth, Rik;Manolis, S. Charlie 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the Mckinlay River Area, N.T. II. Dry-season habitat selection and an estimate of the total population size Australian Wildlife Research 10 373-382 Crocodylus johnstoni; Habitat selection; Population size Journal Article Webb, Grahame J. W.;Buckworth, Rik;Manolis, S. Charlie 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the Mckinlay River Area, N.T. III. Growth, Movement and the population age structure Australian Wildlife Research 10 383-401 Crocodylus johnstoni Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Buckworth, R.;Manolis, S.C. 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River area, NT IV A demonstration of homing Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 403-406 CJ, movement, behavior, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Manolis, S.C. 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River area, NT V Abnormalities and injuries Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 407-420 CJ, disease, parasites, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Buckworth, R.;Manolis, S.C. 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River area, NT III Growth, movement, and the population age structure Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 383-401 CJ, growth, movement, demography, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Manolis, S.C.;Sack, G.C. 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni and C porosus coexisting in a tidal river Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 639-650 CPR, CJ, ecology, osmoregulation, habitat, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Sack, G.C.;Buckworth, R.;Manolis, S.C. 1983 An examination of Crocodylus porosus nests in two Northern Australian freshwater swamps, with an analysis of embryo mortality Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 571-605 CPR, nest, reproduction, habitat, embryology, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Manolis, S.C.;Buckworth, R. 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River area, NT II Dry season habitat selection and an estimate of the total population size Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 373-382 CJ, habitat, demography, movement, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Buckworth, R.;Sack, G.C.;Manolis, S.C. 1983 An interim method for estimating the age of Crocodylus porosus embryos Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 563-570 CPR, embryology, technique, age,anatomy, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Buckworth, R.;Manolis, S.C. 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River, NT VI Nesting biology Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 607-637 CJ, nest, reproduction, demography, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Buckworth, R.;Manolis, S.C. 1983 Crocodylus johnstoni in a controlled environment chanber: a raising trail Aust. Wildl. Res. 10 421-432 CJ, farming, growth, Australia Journal Article Webb, G. A. 1983/1984 A supernumerary limb in the spoted grass frog, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Herpetofauna 15 1-2 41-42 Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Journal Article Webb, G. A.;Chapman, W. S. 1983/1984 Nocturnal road basking by gravid female Cacophis squamulosus and Cryptophis nigrescens (Serpentes: Elapidae) Herpetofauna 15 1-2 24 Cacophis squamulosus; Cryptophis nigresens Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Smith, A.M.A. 1984 Sex ratio and survivorship in the Australian freshwater crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni Symp.zool. Soc. Lond. no. 52 319-355 CJ, demography, growth, reproduction, temperature, movement, nest, Australia Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Manolis, S.C.;Sack, G.C. 1984 Cloacal sexing of hatchling crocodiles Aust. Wildl. Res. 11 201-202 CPR, CJ, anatomy, technique, reproduction, Australia Book Section Webb, Grahame J. W.;Smith, Anthony M. A. 1984 Sex ratio and survivorship in the Australian freshwater crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni Ferguson, Mark W. The Structure, Development and Evolution of Reptiles: A Festschrift in honour of Professor A. d'A. Bellairs on the occasion of his retirement London Academic Press 319-355 Journal Article Webb, P. W. 1984 Body form, locomotion and foraging in aquatic vertebrates American Zoologist 24 107-120 Journal Article Webb, G. A.;Simpson, J. A. 1984/1985 Some unusual food items for the southern blotched blue-tongue lizard Tiliqua nigrolutea (Quoy and Gaimard) at Bombala, New South Wales Herpetofauna 16 1-2 44-49 Tiliqua nigrolutea Journal Article Webb, G. A.;Rose, A. B. 1984/1985 The food of some Australian snakes Herpetofauna 16 1-2 21-27 Diet Journal Article Weets, J. B.;Wittouck, P. J. 1981 Has prolactin an intermedin-like activity on the integument of the Axolotl? Arch Int Physiol Biochim 89 5 427-33 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Melanins/metabolism; Melanocytes/physiology; Melanophores/metabolism; MSH/pharmacology/*physiology; Prolactin/*physiology Skin explants of the neotenic form of Ambystoma tigrinum (Axolotl) have been kept in culture during several days. When alpha-MSH or prolactin are added to the medium, a dispersion of melanin in melanosomes is observed. The reaction is reversible in the case of prolactin when the explants are transferred in the medium without hormones. Furthermore with prolactin, expansion of melanin in dermal melanophores is a more permanent and highly reproducible phenomenon, compared with the action of alpha-MSH in the same conditions. The type of action of prolactin could be different of the one of alpha-MSH. Journal Article Wehle, D.H.S.;F.C., Coleman 1983 Plastics at sea Natural History 2 20-25 sea turtle; mortality Journal Article Wei, S.-Y.;Lin, J.-Y. 1981 Behavioral study of Japalura swinhonis formosensis (Sauria: Agamidae) Biological Bulletin 56 33-48 Journal Article Weil, M. R.;Aldridge, R. D. 1981 Seasonal androgenesis in the male water snake, Nerodia sipedon General and Comparative Endocrinolgy 44 44-53 Reptiles, snakes, serpentes, reproduction, Missouri, Journal Article Weil, M. R. 1982 Seasonal effects of mammalian gonadotropins (bFSH and bLH) on plasma androgen levels in male water snakes, Nerodia sipedon Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 73A 1 73-76 cycle, reproduction, reptiles, Conference Proceedings Weinheimer, C.J.;Pendergast, D.;Spotila, J.R. 1980 Peripheral blood flow in alligators as affected by diving and fear Abstract Journal Article Weintraub, Joel D. 1980 Selection of daytime retreats by recently metamorphosed Scaphiopus multiplicatus Journal of Herpetology 14 1 83-84 spadefoots Journal Article Weintraub, Joel D. 1981 Sceloporus orcutti Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 265 1-2 Journal Article Weiyuan, E.;Chen, Suwen 1984 Studies on Cyto-taxonomy of some species of chinese anurans by electrophoresis of their lens proteins Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3(3) 1-4 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, Discoglossidae, Pelobatidae, Bufonidae, Atympanophrys shapingensis, Megophrys, Bufo bufo minshanicus, taxonomy, molecular techniques, electrophoresis, systematics, Bombina maxima, Bufo bufo fargarizans, Bufo bufo andrewsi, Bufo bufo minshanicus,, Bufo melanostictus, Oreolalax rugosa, Oreolalax pingii, Oreolalax popet, Scutiger ruginosus, Scutiger boulengeri, Vibrissaphora leishanensis, Xenopus laevis Book Welch, K. R. G. 1982 Herpetology of Africa: A Checklist and Bibliography of the Orders Amphisbaenia, Sauria and Serpentes Melbourne, Florida Krieger Publishing 135 Book Welch, Kenneth R. G. 1982 Herpetology of Africa. A checklist and bibliography of the orders Amphisbaenia, Sauria, and Serpentes Malabar, FL Krieger x, 293 Book Welch, Kenneth R. G. 1983 Herpetology of Europe and Southwest Asia: A Checklist and Bibliography of the Orders Amphisbaenia, Sauria and Serpentes Malabar, FL Krieger viii + 135 Journal Article Weldon, Paul J. 1982 Responses to ophiophagous snakes by snakes of the genus Thamnophis Copeia 1982 4 788-794 Lampropeltis getula californiae; Thamnophis; Ophiophagy; Behavior; Antipredator behavior Journal Article Weldon, Paul J.;Schell, Fred M. 1984 Repsonses by king snakes (Lampropeltis getulus) to chemicals from colubrid and crotaline snakes Journal of Chemical Ecology 10 10 1509-1520 getula skin chemical aposematism agkistrodon contortrix crotalusnerodia fasciata Journal Article Wells, K. D. 1980 Behavioral ecology and social organization of a dendrobatid frog (Colostethus inguinalis) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6 199-209 amphibians, activity, behavior, aggression, female choice, reproduction, Journal Article Wells, K. D. 1980 Social behavior and communication of a dendrobatid frog (Colostethus trinitatis) Herpetologica 36 2 189-199 amphibians, activity, behavior, aggression, vocalization, Trinidad Journal Article Wells, Kentwood D. 1980 Spatial associations among individuals in a population of slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus) Herpetologica 36 3 271-275 Journal Article Wells, G. 1980 Kakadu- a sanctuary for crocodiles? Tigerpaper 7 2 6-8 CPR, CJ, conservation, Australia Journal Article Wells, K. D. 1980 Evidence for growth of tadpoles during parental transport in Colostethus inguinalis Journal of Herpetology 14 426-428 Journal Article Wells, Kentwood D. 1980 Behavioral ecology and social organization of dendrobatid frogs (Colostethus inguinalis) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6 199-209 Book Section Wells, Kentwood D. 1981 Parental behavior of male and female frogs Alexander, R.D. and D.W. Tinkle Natural Selection and Social Behavior: Recent Research and New Theory New York Chiron press 184-197 Anura, frogs, parental care, parental behavior, egg attendance, tadpole attendance, egg transport, tadpole transport, evolution, fertilzation mode, territoriality, sex role reversal, 169 Journal Article Wells, Kentwood D.;Greer, Beverly J. 1981 Vocal responses to conspecific calls in a neotropical hylid frog, Hyla ebraccata Copeia 1981 3 615-624 Journal Article Wells, Kentwood D. 1981 Territorial behavior of the frog Eleutherodactylus urichi in Trinidad Copeia 1981 3 726-728 Journal Article Wells, Richard W.;Wellington, C. Ross 1983 A synopsis of the class Reptilia in Australia Australian journal of Herpetology 1 3-4 73-129 Journal Article Wells, K. D.;Taigen, T. L. 1984 Reproductive behavior and aerobic capacities of male American toads (Bufo americanus): Is behavior constrained by physiology? Herpetologica 40 3 292-298 Amphibia, Anura, reproduction, Bufonidae, physiological constraints, vocalization, calling, breeding Journal Article Wells, K. D.;Schwartz, J. J. 1984 Vocal communication in a neotropical tree frog Hyla ebraccata: advertisement calls Animal Behaviour 32 405-420 Anura, Amphibia, playback, calls-timing, acoustic communication, Hyla ebraccata, Hylidae, phonotaxis, sexual selection, Journal Article Wenyi, Gu;Haiseng, Zhang 1983 Preliminary reports on the reproductive ecology of the Chinese alligator (In Chinese) Liangqi Paxing Dongwu Bao 2 72-74 AS, reproduction, nesting, China Journal Article Werner, Y. L. 1980 Apparent homosexual behaviour in an all-female population of a lizard, Lepidodactylus lugubris and its probable interpretation Z. Tierpsychol. 54 144-150 reptiles, parthenogenesis, behavior, reproduction Journal Article Werner, Y. L.;Avital, E. 1980 The herpetofauna of Mt. Hermon and its altitudinal distribution Israel Journal of Zoology 29 192-193 amphibians, reptiles, Journal Article Werner, Y. L. 1980 Preliminary results of the herpetofaunal survey of Sinai (1956-57; 1967-79) with emphasis on the southern mountains Israel Journal of Zoology 29 209 amphibians, reptiles Journal Article Werner, Y. L. 1982 Georg Haas 1905-1981 Copeia 1982 2 491-496 Book Section Werner, Y. L. 1982 Herpetofaunal survey of the Sinai Peninsula (1967-77), with emphasis on the Saharan Sand Community Scott, N. J., Jr. Herpetological communities 13 153-161 reptiles, amphibians, community Journal Article Werner, Y. L.;Frankenberg, E. 1982 Head triangulation in two colubrine snakes: probable behavioural reinforcement of Batesian mimicry Israel Journal of Zoology 31 137-150 reptiles, morphology, behavior, Journal Article Werner, Y. L.;Frankenberg, E. 1982 Implications of behavioral triangulation of the head in snakes SSAR, HL abstracts 117 reptiles, Book Section Werner, Yehudah L. 1982 Herpetofaunal survey of the Sinai Peninsula (1967-77), with emphasis on the Saharan sand community Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 153-161 caretta bufo viridis rhynchocalamus melanocephalus testudo kleinmanni uromastyx agama chamaeleo ablepharus calcides eumeces scincus sphenops chelonia eretmochelys dermochelys cyrtodactylus hemidactylus ptyodactylus stenodactylus tarentola tropiocolotes Book Section Werner, Dagmar I. 1982 Social organization and ecology of land iguanas, Conolophus subcristatus, on Isla Fernandina, Galápagos Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 342-365 Journal Article Werner, Y. L. 1983 Behavioural triangulation of the head in three boigine snakes: possible cases of mimicry Israel Journal of Zoology 32 205-228 Reptiles, comparative, mimic, behavior Journal Article Werner, Y. L. 1983 Lizards and snakes from eastern lowr Egypt in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv University with range extensions Herp Review 14 1 29-31 reptiles, geography, distribution Journal Article Werner, Yehudah L. 1983 Behavioural triangulation of the head in three boigine snakes: Possible cases of mimicry Israel Journal of Zoology 32 205-228 Journal Article Werner, Dagmar I.;Miller, Tracy J. 1984 Artificial nests for female green iguanas Herpetological Review 15 2 57-58 Reptiles, lizards, iguanas, artificial nests, reproduction, technique, apparatus Journal Article Werner, E. E.;Gilliam., J. F. 1984 The ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size-structured populations Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15 393-425 Journal Article Wertz, R. L. 1982 Cellular proliferation in the skin of X-rayed newt limbs (with a note on x-ray-induced limb regression) J Exp Zool 221 3 337-43 Animal; Cell Division/drug effects; DNA Replication/radiation effects; Hindlimb; Regeneration/radiation effects; Salamandridae; Skin/physiology/*radiation effects; Skin Physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Left hind limbs, including the pelvis, of adult newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) were locally irradiated with a dose of x-rays that inhibited regeneration (2,000 R). This x-ray dose and other doses (700- 2,000 R) capable of inhibiting limb regeneration also cause limb regression prior to amputation. Before limb regression occurred, there was a latent period of 3 to 6 weeks. Limb regression was characterized by necrotic wasting and resorption of distal elements. The degree of loss was variable and dependent upon dosage. After this further degenerative changes were not noted. Proliferation of epidermal cells was examined 4 days after irradiation prior to limb regression or after x-ray-induced degeneration of the limbs had ended. Proliferative activity in x-rayed limbs was also compared at various stages of contralateral control limb regeneration. Limbs examined after x-ray- induced limb regression had ended showed levels of [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA comparable to normal epidermis. In contrast, limbs examined 4 days after irradiation had lower levels of DNA synthesis (P much less than 0.01). Amputation of limbs in both groups caused an increase in DNA synthesis (P much less than 0.01). Histological examination showed that cellular proliferation was associated primarily with the epidermis. These results indicate that epidermal cell proliferation was not resistant to x-rays. However, levels of normal cell division were observed after amputation of after cessation of x-ray-induced limb regression. Journal Article West, N. H.;Burggren., W. W. 1982 Gill and lung ventilatory responses to steady-state aquatic hypoxia and hyperoxia in the bullfrog tadpole Respiratory physiology 47 165-176 Journal Article West, N. H.;Burggren., W. W. 1983 Reflex interactions between aerial and aquatic gas exchange organs in larval bullfrogs American Journal of Physiology 244R 770-777 Book Wexo, John Bonnett 1981 Snakes San Diego, CA Wildlife Education Ltd. 16 Journal Article Weygoldt, P. 1980 Complex brood care and reproductive behavior in captive poison-arrow frogs, Dendrobates pumilio O. Schmidt Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 7 329-332 dendrobatid, parental care, Dendrobates pumilio, reproductive behavior Journal Article Weygoldt, P. 1980 Complex brood care and reproductive behavior in captive poison-arrow frogs, Dendrobates pumilio O. Schmidt. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 7 329-332 Journal Article Wheeler, W. E. 1984 Duck egg predation by fox snakes in Wisconsin Wildlife Society Bulletin 12 1 77-78 Journal Article Whetstone, K. N.;Whybrow, P. J. 1983 A "cursorial" crocodilian from the triassic of Lesotho (Basutoland), southern Africa Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 106 1-37 Reptiles, fossil, morphology, osteology, comparative Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus 1980 King cobra notes Hamadryad 5 1 5-6 Ohpiophagus hannah Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1980 Letter from the Director Hamadryad 5 1 2;4-5 Conference Proceedings Whitaker, R.;Basu, D.;WHitaker, Z. 1980 The biology of the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) Abstract Journal Article Whitaker, R.;Whitaker, Z.;Vaughan, A. 1980 Notes on sexing crocodilians J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 77 2 341- CPL, CPR, GG, TS, anatomy, techniques, Report Whitaker, R. 1980 Interim report on the status and biology of crocodiles in Papua New Guinea Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1980 A preliminary survey of the crocodile resource in the island provinces of PNG Wildl. in PNG 80 11 1-36 CPR, CNV, distribution, Australia Journal Article Whitaker, R.;Daniels, J.C. 1980 The status of Indian crocodilians J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 75 suppl. 1238-1245 CPL, CPR, GG, conservation, utilization, distribution, India Conference Proceedings Whitaker, R.;Whitaker, Z.;Choudhurry, B.C. 1980 The biology of the mugger, Crocodylus palustris Abstract Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1981 Venomous or not? Hamadryad 6 2 7 Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1981 Report on IUCN/SSC and CITES meetings Hamadryad 6 2 2-3 Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1981 Bangladesh - Monitors and turtles Hamadryad 6 3 7-9 Varanus flavescens; Varanus bengalensis; Varanus salvator Journal Article Whitaker, Zai 1981 The crocodile project in Andhra Pradesh Hamadryad 6 2 12-13 Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1981 Breeding the African dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis) at Zoo Negara, Kuala Lumpur, With an observation on galloping Hamadryad 6 2 14 Osteolaemus tetraspis Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1981 Sex ratios in clutches of captive bred mugger (Crocodylus palustris) Hamadryad 6 2 7-8 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1981 A mega-farm for crocodiles with an observation on maximum reproductive ages Hamadryad 6 2 9-10 Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1981 Snake swallows man! Hamadryad 6 2 10-11 Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus;Whitaker, Zahida;Vaughan, Allen 1981 18. Notes on Sexing Crocodilians Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 77 341-343 Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1981 Breeding the African Dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis) at Zoo Negara, Kuala Lumpur, with an observation of galloping Hamadryad 6 2 14 OT, captive breeding, locomotion, Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1981 A mega-farm for crocodiles, with an observation on maximum reproductive ages Hamadryad 6 2 9-10 farming, age, reproduction, Report Whitaker, R.;Kemp, M. 1981 The crocodile industry in Papua New Guinea: commercial aspects Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1981 Optimum growth rates of captive mugger (Crocodylus palustris) at Madras Crocodile Bank Indian Forester 107 2 102-103 CPL, growth, farming, India Journal Article Whitaker, J. O., Jr.;Cudmore, W. W.;Brown, B. A. 1981 Foods of larval, subadult and adult smallmouth salamanders, Ambystoma texanum from Vigo County, Indiana Proceedings Of The Indiana Academy Of Science 90 461-464 Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1981 Bangladesh - Monitors and turtles Hamadryad 6 3 7-9 Varanus flavescens; Varanus bengalensis; Varanus salvator; Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1982 Crocodiles in Zimbabwe Hamadryad 7 2 5-6 Journal Article Whitaker, R.;Kahn, M. A. R. 1982 Monitor Lizards: Identity and sexing problems Hamadryad 7 2 8-10 Varanus; India; Key Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus 1982 Mozambique and Zimbabwe Hamadryad 7 1 8-10 Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1982 Bangladesh: a general survey Hamadryad 7 3 4-12 Journal Article Whitaker, R.;Basu, D. 1982 The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus): A review J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 79 531-548 GG, courtship, anatomy, vocal, agonistic, distribution, size, age, food, reproduction, nest, movement, Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1982 Crocodile conservation in India Zimbabwe Science News 16 9 210-213 CPR, CPL, GG, conservation, captive breeding, farming, distribution, management, India Book Section Whitaker, R. 1982 Review of crocodile management options and practices in Asia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 337-342 Book Section Whitaker, R. 1982 Status of Asian crocodiles Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 5th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8032-209-X. 409 pp. 237-266 Journal Article Whitaker, J. O., Jr.;Cudmore, W. W.;Brown., B. A. 1982 Food of larval, subadult and adult smallmouth salamanders, Ambystoma texanum, from Vigo County, Indiana. Proceedings of The Indiana Academy of Science 90 461-464 Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1983 Memories of a snakebite Hamadryad 8 2 6-7 Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1983 Borneo crocodile survey Hamadryad 8 3 27-32 Borneo Journal Article Whitaker, Rom 1983 Diversity in the distribution of some snakes in the Sunderbuns (Indian side) Hamadryad 8 3 9 Journal Article Whitaker, Zai 1983 The shooting of crocodiles Hamadryad 8 2 13 Journal Article Whitaker, Rom;Dattatri, Shekar 1983 Snake scat analysis Hamadryad 8 2 22 Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus;Basu, D. 1983 The Gharial (Gavialis Gangeticus ): A Review Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 79 3 531-548 Journal Article Whitaker, Zai 1983 Lizards are wizards: Now you see them, now you don't The India Magazine March 1983 Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus 1984 Captive breeding of crocodilians in India Acta Zoologica et Pathologica Antverpiensia 78 309-318 Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1984 Marine turtle update - India Hamadryad 9 1 2-3 Journal Article Whitaker, R. 1984 Borneo crocdile survey - Part II Hamadryad 9 1 5-9 Borneo Journal Article Whitaker, R.;Whitaker, Z. 1984 Reproductive biology of the mugger (Crocodylus palustris) J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 81 2 297-316 CPL, reproduction, nest, courtship, parental care, India Journal Article White, David R. M.;Stevens, David W. 1980 An overview of desert tortoise, Gopherus agasszi, ethnozoology Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 102-108 Gopherus agassizii medicine food ethnography arts crafts mythology Journal Article White, Julian 1980-1981 Ophidian Envenomation: A South Australian Perspective Records of the Adelaide Children's Hospital 2 3 311-421 Book White, Gilbert 1981 The Portrait of a Tortoise London Virago Press 64 p. Journal Article White, D. R.;Mitchell, J. C.;Woocott, W. S. 1982 Reproductive cycle and embryonic development of Nerodia taxispilota (Serpentes: Colubridae) at the northeastern edge of its range Copeia 1982 2 646-652 reptiles, snakes, season, morphology, body size Journal Article White, David R.;Mitchell, Joseph C.;Woolcott, William S. 1982 Reproductive cycle and embryonic development of Nerodia taxispilota (Serpentes: Colubridae) at the Northeastern edge of its range Copeia 1982 3 646-652 Journal Article White, J.;Pounder, D. J. 1984 Fatal snakebite in Australia Am J Forensic Med Pathol 5 2 137-43 More than 20 venomous snakes found in Australia belong to the family Elapidae . Although their venom delivery system is less efficient than that of the Viperidae , their venoms are extremely potent. The active components of Australian elapid venoms include neurotoxins, myotoxins , hemolysins, and factors producing hypocoagulability. The groups at particular risk of snakebite are children, agricultural workers, bushwalkers , and herpetologists . A high index of suspicion must be maintained when investigating cases of sudden unexpected death in these groups. The bite wound itself may be particularly easily overlooked as there is little local reaction to many elapid bites. The necropsy findings in fatalities are predictable from the known properties of the venoms of the various species. However, these findings are non-specific and the diagnosis ultimately rests upon the demonstration of the presence of venom by immunoassay. For this purpose swabs from the bite site, the overlying clothing, the excised bite site, the local and regional lymph nodes, urine, and blood may be used. Book Section White, J. A. M.;Goodwin, N. M. 1984 Snakebite in Southern Africa Resuscitation Manual (Second Edition) Pinetown Natal Blood Transfusion Service 1-44 Journal Article Whitear, M. 1983 The question of free nerve endings in the epidermis of lower vertebrates Acta Biol. Hungaricae 34 303-319 Journal Article Whitney, C. L. 1980 The role of the "encounter" call in spacing in tree frogs, Hyla regilla Canadian Journal of Zoology 58 75-78 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, calling, vocalization, breeding, reproduction, courtship Journal Article Whitney, C. L. 1980 The role of the "encounter" call in spacing of Pacific tree frogs, Hyla regilla. Can. J. Zool. 58 75-78 Amphibia, Anuran communication, Hylidae, Hyla regilla Journal Article Whittow, G. Causey;balazs, George H. 1981 Basking green sea turtles Sea Frontiers 27 3 152-157 chelonia mydas Journal Article Whittow, G. Causey;Balazs, George H. 1981 Basking green sea turtles Sea Frontiers 27 3 152-157 chelonia mydas Journal Article Whittow, G C;and Balazs, G H 1982 Basking behavior of the Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas) 36 129-139 green Journal Article Wibbels, T.;Owens, D.W.;Rostal, D.C. 1982 Soft plastra of adult male sea turtles: an apparent secondary sexual characteristic Herpetological Review 22 2 47-49 sex ratio Journal Article Widmer, Elmer A.;Hanson, Gary B. 1983 Site selection and penetration studies of Mesocestoides corti (Cestoda) Tetrathyridia in southern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis helleri Journal of Parasitology 69 4 788-789 Journal Article Wiens, John A. 1981 Single-sample surveys of communities: are the revealed patterens real? American Naturalist 117 90-98 Journal Article Wiesman, M. J. e.al. 1982 Strongyloides mirzai infection in a green tree python Journal American Veterinary Medical Association 181 11 1329-1330 Reptilia, serpentes, tree python, infection, helminth, Strongyloides mirzai 210390 MDL DGB Rept 30 Book Section Wiest, John A., Jr 1982 Anuran succession at temporary ponds in a post oak-savanna region of Texas Scott, N. J., Jr Herpetological Communites Washington D.C. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report 13 39-47 pseudacris streckeri triseriata scaphiopus holbrooki acris crepitans hyla versicolor bufo valliceps gastrophryne olivacea clarki bufo speciosus woodhousei Book Section Wiewandt, Thomas A. 1982 Evolution of nesting patterns in iguanine lizards Burghardt, Gordon M. and Rand, A. Stanley Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Park Ridge, NJ Noyes Publications 119-141 Journal Article Wilbern, S.E. 1982 Climbing ability of box turtles Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 18 170-171 Journal Article Wilbern, S.E.;Ingold, D. A. 1983 Sexual dimorphism in Terrapene shells Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 18 34-36 Journal Article Wilbur, Henry M. 1980 Complex life cycles Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 11 67-93 Amphibia, Phylogenetics, adaptation, metamorphosis, Systematics, genetics, evolution, life cycles, ontogeny, morphology, habitat, community ecology, population regulation, competition Journal Article Wilbur, Henry M. 1982 Competition between tadpoles of Hyla femoralis and Hyla gratiosa in laboratory experiments Ecology 63 2 278-282 Journal Article Wilbur, Henry M.;Morin, Peter J.;Harris, Reid N. 1983 Salamander predation and the structure of experimental communities: Anuruan responses Ecology 64 6 1423-1429 bufo terrestris woodhousii fowleri community competition life history North Carolina notophthalmus viridescens rana sphenocephala temporary pond Journal Article Wilbur, H. M.;Morin, P. J.;Harris., R. N. 1983 Salamander predation and the structure of experimental communities: anuran responses Ecology 64 1423-1429 Edited Book Wilcox, E. V. 1981 (reprint) Notes on Ohio Batrachians Athens, OH SSAR 3 Ohio Journal Article Wilczynska, B. 1981 The structure of the alimentary canal and the dimensions of the mucosa in ontogenetic development of some Anura Acta Biologica Cracoviensia 23 13-46 Journal Article Wilczynski, W. 1981 Afferents to the midbrain auditory center in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana Journal of Comparative Neurology 198 421-433 Journal Article Wilczynski, W.;Northcutt., R. G. 1983 Connections of the bullfrog striatum: efferent projections Journal of Comparative Neurology 214 333-343 Journal Article Wilczynski, W.;Northcutt., R. G. 1983 Connections of the bullfrog striatum: afferent organization Journal of Comparative Neurology 214 321-332 Journal Article Wilczynski, W.;Zakon, H. H.;Brenowitz, E. A. 1984 Acoustic communication in spring peepers: Call characteristics and neurophysiological aspects Journal of Comparative Physiology 155 577-584 Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Hyla crucifer, physiology, auditory system, call, vocalization, sexual dimorphism Journal Article Wilczynski, W.;Capranica, R. P. 1984 The auditory system of anuran amphibians Progress in Neurobiology 22 1-38 Amphibia, Anura, physiology, neurobiology, vocalization, sound Journal Article Wiley, John E. 1982 Chromosome banding patterns of treefrogs (Hylidae) of the eastern United States Herpetologica 38 4 507-520 hyla pseudacris taxonomy Journal Article Wilhelm, G. B.;Coggeshall., R. E. 1981 An electron microscope analysis of the dorsal root in the frog Journal of Comparative Neurology 196 421-429 Journal Article Wilhoft, D.C.;Hotaling, E.;Franks, P. 1983 Effects of temperature on sex determination in embryos of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina Journal of Herpetology 17 1 38-42 sex ratio Book Section Wiliams, Ernest E.;Duellman, William E. 1984 Anolis fitchi, a new species of the Anolis aequatorialis group from Ecuador and Colombia Seigel, R.A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L.;Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate Ecology and Systematics-A tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, KS Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 257-266 Book Wilke, Hartmut 1983 Schildkröten: Alles über Anschaffung, Pflege, Ernährung und Krankheiten Munich Gräfe und Unzer 72 Report Wilkinson, P. 1984 Nesting ecology of the American alligator in coastal South Carolina Journal Article Willhite, C.;P. V. Cupp, Jr. 1982 Daily rhythms of thermal tolerance in Rana clamitans (Anura: Ranidae) tadpoles Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 72A 255-257 Journal Article Williams, E. E.;Vanzolini, P. E. 1980 Notes and biogeographic comments on anoles from Brasil Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 34 6 99-108 reptiles, lizards, anolis, polychridae, chrysolepis, ortoni, nasofrontalis, punctatus, Brazil, distribution, morphology Journal Article Williams, R. D.;J. E. Gates, C. H. Hocutt;Taylor., G. J. 1981 The hellbender: a nongame species in need of management Wildlife Society Bulletin 9 94-100 Journal Article Williams, E. E. 1982 Three new species of the Anolis punctatus complex from Amazonian and inter-Andean Colombia, with comments on the eastern members of the punctatus species group Breviora 467 1-38 reptiles, lizards, Anolis, description, morphology Journal Article Williams, E. E.;Peterson, J. A. 1982 Convergent and alternative designs in the digital adhesive pads of scincid lizards Science 215 1509-1511 reptiles, toes, morphology, comparative, evolution Journal Article Williams, Ernest E. 1982 Arthur Loveridge-A life in retrospect Breviora 471 1-12 Journal Article Williams, Ernest E. 1982 Three new species of the Anolis punctatus complex from Amazonian and inter-Andean Colombia, with comments on the Eastern members of the punctatus species group Breviora 467 1-38 Book Section Williams, E. E. 1983 Ecomorphs, faunas, island size, and diverse end points in island radiations of Anolis Journal Article Williams, J. D.;Cei, J. M. 1983 Redescubrimiento de los sintipos de Liolaemus anomalus Koslowsky, 1896: comentarios sobre la distribución de la especie Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 1 1 7-8 Liolaemus anomalus Journal Article Williams, E. E. 1984 New or problematic Anolis from Colombia. II. Anolis propinquus, another new species from the cloud forest of western Colombia Breviora 477 1-7 reptiles, lizards, Anolis, description, morphology Journal Article Williams, E. E. 1984 New or problematic Anolis from Colombia. III. Two new semiaquatic anoles from Antioquia and Choco, Colombia Breviora 478 1-22 reptiles, lizards, Anolis, description, morphology Book Section Williams, E. E.;Duellman, W. E. 1984 Anolis fitchi, a new species of the Anolis aequatorialis group from Ecuador and Colombia Seigel, R. A.;Hunt, L. E.;Knight, J. L. and Malaret, L. and Zuschlag, N. L. Vertebrate ecology and systematics-a tribute to Henry S. Fitch Lawrence, KS Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 257-266 reptiles, lizards, description, morphology, Anolis, Journal Article Williams, Ernest E. 1984 New or problematic Anolis from Colombia. III. Two new semiaquatic anoles from Antioquia and Chocó, Colombia Breviora 478 1-22 Journal Article Williams, Ernest E. 1984 New or problematic Anolis from Colombia. II. Anolis propinquus, another new species from the cloud forest of Western Colombia Breviora 477 1-7 Journal Article Williams, Jorge D.;Couturier, Gustavo A. 1984 Primera cita del genero Hydrops Wagler, 1830 para la Republica Argentina (Serpentes: Colubridae) Historia Natural 4 7 61-66 Journal Article Willis, L.;Threlkeld, S. T.;Carpenter, C. C. 1982 Tail loss patterns in Thamnophis (Reptilia: Colubridae) and the probable fate of injured individuals Copeia 1 98-101 reptiles, snakes, sirtalis, sauritus, butleri, sex dependencies, size Journal Article Wilson, L. D.;Meyer, J. R. 1981 Systematics of the calamarina group of the colubrid snake genus Tantilla Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 42 1-25 reptiles, snakes, distribution, morphology, accounts, description, variation, geography Journal Article Wilson, Larry David;Meyer, John R. 1981 Systematics of the Calamarina group of the colubrid snake genus Tantilla Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 42 1-25 Tantilla calamarina group; Tantilla calamarina; taxonomy; Distribution; Tantilla cascadae n. sp.; new species; Tantilla deppei; key Journal Article Wilson, Larry David 1982 Tantilla Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 307 1-4 Journal Article Wilson, Larry David 1982 A review of the colubrid snakes of the genus Tantilla of Central America Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 52 1-77 jani schistosa alticola cuniculator brevis key taxonomy distribution Book Wilson, Larry David;Meyer, John R. 1982 The Snakes of Honduras Milwaukee, Winconsin Milwaukee Public Museum 159 Journal Article Wilson, L. D. 1983 A new species of Tantilla of the taeniata group from Chiapas, Mexico Journal of Herpetology 17 1 54-59 reptiles, snakes, description, distribution, morphology, relationships Book Wilson, Larry David;Porras, Louis 1983 The Ecological Impact of Man on the South Florida Herpetofauna Lawrence, KS University of Kansas Museum of Natural History vi + 89 Florida; Introduced species Journal Article Wilson, Larry David 1983 Tantilla taeniata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 344 1-2 Journal Article Wilson, Larry David;McCranie, James R. 1984 Bothrops nasuta Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 349 1-2 Journal Article Windolf, R. 1984 Mediterranean tortoises, penis - oviduct- and intestinal prolapse. (Germ.) Mediterrane Landschildkröten: Penis - Legeröhren- und Darmvorfall Die Schildkröte 2 37-38 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, prolapsus, oviduct, copulatory organ, cloaca Journal Article Winklbauer, R.;Hausen., P. 1983 Development of the lateral line system in Xenopus laevis. II. Cell multiplication and organ formation in the supraorbital system. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 76 283-296 Journal Article Winklbauer, R.;Hausen., P. 1983 Development of the lateral line system in Xenopus laevis. I. Normal development and cell movement in the supraorbital system. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 76 265-281 Journal Article Winokur, R. M. 1982 Integumentary appendages of chelonians Journal of Morphology 172 59-74 Reptiles, turtles, morphology, Chelydridae, Kinosternidae, Pelomedusidae, Chelidae, skin, comparative, evolution, sensory, camoflague, histology, gas exchange Journal Article Winokur, R. M. 1982 Erectile tissue and smooth muscles in snouts of Carettochelys insculpta, Trionchids and other chelonia Zoomorphology 101 83-93 Reptiles, turtles, Chelidae, Pelomedusidae, Trionchidae, Carettochelyidae, nose, anatomy Journal Article Winokur, Robert M. 1982 Integumentary appendages of Chelonians Journal of Morphology 172 59-74 Journal Article Winokur, Robert M. 1982 Erectile tissue and smooth muscle in snouts of Carettochelys insculpta, Trionchid and other Chelonia Zoomorphology 101 83-93 Journal Article Wisniewski, P. J.;Paull, L. M.;Merry, D. G.;Slater, F. M. 1980 Studies on the breeding migration and intramigratory movements of the common toad (Bufo bufo) using panjet dye-marking techniques British Journal of Herpetology 6 71-74 Amphibia, Anura, Bufo bufo, migration, breeding, behavior, mark recapture Journal Article Wisniewski, P. J.;Paull, L. M.;Slater, F. M. 1980 The effect of temperature on the breeding migration and spawing of the common toad (Bufo bufo) British Journal of Herpetology 6 119-121 Amphibia, Anura, Bufo bufo, migration, breeding, behavior, mark recapture, temperature Journal Article Wissdorf, H.;Röder, B.;Horn, H.-G. 1984 Multiple fractures of the hyoid bone as a cause of inappetence in a Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis B., Daudin 1803) Multiple Zungenbeinfrakturen als Ursache der Nahrungsverweigerung bei einem Bengalenwaran (Varanus bengalensis B., Daudin 1803) Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 26 313-319 Reptilia, sauria, Bengal monitor,Varanus bengalensis , pathology, hyoid bone, fracture Reprint Vet. Path. Spec. Anim 85/128 Journal Article Wisser J. e.a. 1981 Acquired change in position of gastro-intestinal tract in Zoo animals ERkr. der Zootiere 23 373-384 070690 MDl DGB Journal Article Withers, P. C.;Hillman, S. S.;Drewes, R. C.;Sokol, O. M. 1982 Water loss and nitrogen excretion in sharp-nosed reed frogs (Hyperolius nasutus: Anura, hyperoliidae) Journal of Experimental Biology 97 335-343 Amphibians, frogs, nitrogen, water, waste, dehydration, urea, Kenya, ammonia Journal Article Withers, P. C.;Hillman, S. S.;Drewes, R. C. 1984 Evaproative water loss and skin lipids of anuran amphibians The Journal of Experimental Zoology 232 11-17 evaporation, water, cutaneous water loss, tree frogs Journal Article Wittle, L. W. 1984 Effects of hypophysectomy and prolactin on calcium regulation in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Gen Comp Endocrinol 54 2 181-7 Animal; Calcium/*blood; *Hypophysectomy; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Parathyroid Glands/*physiology; Pituitary Gland/physiology; Prolactin/*pharmacology; Salamandridae/*physiology; Sodium/blood Hypophysectomized male red-spotted newts exhibited hyponatremia but not hypocalcemia. Parathyroidectomy and a combination of hypophysectomy and parathyroidectomy caused plasma calcium levels to fall, but control levels were reestablished within 12 days. Injections of ovine prolactin had no effect on the plasma calcium or sodium levels of sham-operated and parathyroidectomized newts conditioned in tap water or in a 0.6% sodium chloride solution containing 10 meq calcium/liter. These data indicate that the pituitary gland is not involved in the hypercalcemic regulation of the red-spotted newt. Book Section Wittouck, P. J. 1983 L'oedeme sous-cutane observe dans une population de Rana esculenta Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 211-214 Journal Article Witzell, W.N. 1981 Predation on juvenile green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, by a grouper, Promicrops lanceolatus (Pisces; Serranidae) in the Kingdom of Tonga, South Pacific Bulletin of Marine Science 31 4 935-936 green; predation Journal Article Wollweber, L.;Stracke, R.;Gothe., U. 1981 The use of a simple method to avoid cell shrinkage during SEM preparation J. Micros. 121 185-189 Journal Article Wood, J.;R;and, F.;E.;Wood 1981 Growth and digestibility for the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) fed diets containing varying protein levels Aquaculture 1981 269 269-274 testu,vit Fernl b Journal Article Wood, S.C. 1982 Cardiovasdcular shunts and oxygen transport in lower vertebrates Am. J. Physiol. 247 R3-R14 heart, physiology, respiration, Journal Article Wood, F.E.;Wood, J.R. 1982 Sex ratios in captive-reared green turtles, Chelonia mydas Copeia 82 2 482-485 Sex ratio; tsd; green Report Wood, J.M. and Humphrey, S.R. 1983 Analysis of Florida alligator transect data Journal Article Wood, F. E.;Ebanks, G.K. 1984 Blood cytology and hematology of the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas Herpetologica 40 3 331-336 Retilia, testudines, green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, physiology, blood, cytology, values, hematology testu,vet,chem,histo IB x Journal Article Woodley, J. D. 1980 Survival of the Jamaican Iguana, Cyclura collei Journal of Herpetology 14 1 45-50 survival Journal Article Woodman, A. Peter 1983 Effects of Parker 400 off-road race on desert tortoise habitat in Chemehuevi Valley, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1983 69-79 gopherus agassizii Conference Proceedings Woodward, A. 1981 Regulation of alligator farming by the state of Florida 4-9 Journal Article Woodward, B. D. 1982 Tadpole interactions in the Chihuahuan Desert at two experimental densities The Southwestern Naturalist 27 1 119-121 Amphibia, larvae, Scaphiopus, Bufo, survivorship Journal Article Woodward, B. D. 1982 Tadpole competition in a desert anuran community Oecologia 54 96-100 Amphibia, Anura, tadpoles, larvae, interspecific, temporary, permanent, ponds, distribution, Bufo, Rana, Scaphiopus Journal Article Woodward, B. D. 1982 Local intraspecific variation in clutch parameters in the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) Copeia 1982 1 157-160 Caudata, Ambistomidae, Ambystoma maculatum, clutch size, egg size, breeding conditions, intraspecific variation, 22 Journal Article Woodward, B. D. 1982 Sexual selection and nonrandom mating patterns in desert anurans (Bufo woodhousei, Scaphiopus couchi, S. multiplicatus, and S. bombifrons) Copeia 2 351-355 Amphibia, Anura, frog, toad, breeding aggregations, mating system, size, mate choice, preference Journal Article Woodward, Bruce 1982 Male persistence and mating success in Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousei) Ecology 63 2 583-585 Conference Proceedings Woodward, A.R.;Hines, T.C. 1982 Alligator management programs in Florida 8-11 Journal Article Woodward, B. 1983 Anurans of Vekol Valley, central Arizona The Southwestern Naturalist 28 4 469-471 Amphibia, Anura, frogs, toads, diversity Journal Article Woodward, Bruce Douglas 1983 Predator-prey interactions and breeding-pond use of temporary-pond species in a desert anuran community Ecology 64 6 1549-1555 Journal Article Woodward, B. D. 1983 Tadpole size and predation in the Chihuahuan Desert Southwest Naturalist 28 470-471 Journal Article Woodward, B. D. 1983 Predator-prey interactions and breeding pond use of temporary pond species in a desert anuran community Ecology 64 1549-1555 Journal Article Woodward, B. D. 1983 Predator-prey interactions and breedin!Gosner pond use of temporary-pond species in a desert anuran community Ecology 64 1549-1555 Journal Article Woodward, B. 1984 Operational sex ratios and sex biased mortality in Scaphiopus (Pelobatidae) The Southwestern Naturalist 29 2 232-233 Amphibia, Anura, mating system, breeding Journal Article Woodward, A.R.;Hines, T.C.;Abercrombie, C.L.;Hope, C. 1984 Spacing patterns in alligator nests J. Herpetol. 18 1 8-12 AM, nest, demography, FL Journal Article Woolbright, Lawrence L. 1983 Sexual selection and size dimorphism in anuran Amphibia American Naturalist 121 1 110-119 Anura, modelling, sexual selection, size dimorphism, USA, 251 Journal Article World Health Organization 1981 Progress in the characterization of venoms and standardization of antivenoms WHO Offset Publication 58 1-44 Journal Article Worth, D.;Beck, A. M. 1981 Multiple ownership of animals in New York City Trans Stud Coll Physicians Phila 3 4 280-300 Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Animals, Domestic; Cats; Dogs; Ducks; Female; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Human; Lizards; Male; Mental Disorders/*psychology; Middle Age; New York City; Rabbits; Snakes; Turkeys; Turtles Journal Article Wortham, J. W. E., Jr.;Murphy, J. A.;Martan, J.;Brandon, R. A. 1982 Scanning electron microscopy of some salamander spermatozoa Copeia 1982 52-60 Amphibia, Caudata, morphology, sperm Journal Article Worthington, Richard D. 1981 Elaphe subocularis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 268 1-2 Journal Article Worthington, Richard D. 1982 Dry and wet year comparisons of clutch and adult body sizes of Uta stansburiana stejnegeri Journal of Herpetology 16 3 332-334 Journal Article Wright, C. 1981 Breeding the american alligator, Alligator missisippiensis at tulsa Zoological park Int. Zoo Yrb 21 73-75 Reptilia, crocodylia, Alligator mississippiensis, propagation Reprint Endnote 93/720 Journal Article Wright, S. Joseph 1981 Extinction-mediated competition: the Anolis lizards and insectivorous birds of the West Indies American Naturalist 117 2 181-192 Journal Article Wright, J. W. 1982 Evolution and biogeography of the lizards of the Galapagos archipelago Year Book 1981, American Philosophical Soceity 1981 52-53 reptiles, Ecuador, electrophoresis, diversity Journal Article Wright, S. J.;Biehl, C. C. 1982 Island biogeographic distributions: testing for random, regular, and aggregated patterns of species occurrence American Naturalist 119 3 345-357 zoogeography, distribution, reptiles, lizards, guild model, model, cooccurrence Journal Article Wright, John W. 1982 Evolution and biogeography of the lizards of the Galapagos Archipelago Year Book 1981, America Philosophical Society 1981 52-53 Thesis Wright, S. 1982 The distribution and population dynamics of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in South Carolina Journal Article Wright, J. W. 1983 The distribution and status of Gonatodes collaris in the Galapagos archipelago Herp Review 14 1 32 reptiles, lizards, taxonomy, Journal Article Wright, J. W.;Spolsky, C.;Brown, W. M. 1983 The origin of the perthenogenetic lizard Cnemidophorus laredoensis inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis Herpetologica 39 4 410-416 reptiles, evolution, morphology, reproduction, Journal Article Wright, D. A.;Richards, C. M.;Frost, J. S.;Camozzi, A. M.;Kunz, B. J. 1983 Genetic mapping in amphibians Isozymes: Current topics in biological and medical research 10 287-311 Amphibians, genes, enzymes, hybrids, comparative, vertebrates, chromosomes Journal Article Wright, John W. 1984 The origin and evolution of the lizards of the Galapagos Islands Terra 1984 Mar./Apr. 21-27 Journal Article Wrobel, David J.;Gergits, William F.;Jaeger, Robert G. 1980 An experimental study of interference competition among terrestrial salamanders Ecology 61 5 1034-1039 Journal Article Wu, Guanfu;Yang, Wen-ming 1981 Studies on genus Vibrissaphora (Amphibia: Pelobatidae) 2. Some ecological notes of vibrissaphorids Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5 12 77-80 Journal Article Wu, Guanfu;Zhao, Ermi 1984 Two rare karyotypes of anurans, the karyotypes of Staurois mantzorum and S. liangshanensis Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3 4 5-10 + 2 plates Karyotype; Staurois mantzorum; Staurois liangshanensis Journal Article Wuttke, Michael 1983 Aktuopaläontologische Studien über den Zerfall von Wirbeltieren. Teil I: Anura Senckenbergiana lethaea 64 5/6 529-560 Journal Article Wyles, J. S.;Gorman, G. C. 1980 The classification of Anolis: conflict between genetic and osteological interpretation as exemplified by Anolis cybotes Journal of Herpetology 14 2 149-153 reptiles, lizards, taxonomy, immunology, relationships, cristatellus Journal Article Wyles, Jeff S.;Gorman, George C. 1980 The albumin immunological and Nei electrophoretic distance correlation: a calibration for the saurian genus Anolis (Iguanidae) Copeia 1980 1 66-71 Journal Article Wynne, R. H. 1981 Lizards in captivity Neptune City zucht,echsen,vit,vet,tech Fernl a Book Wynne, Richard H. 1981 Lizards in Captivity Neptune, NJ TFH 189 Journal Article Wyss, André R.;de Queiroz, Kevin 1984 Phylogenetic methods and the early history of Amniotes Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4 4 604-608 Journal Article Xu, Q.;Huang, C.-c. 1984 Some problems in evolution and distribution of Alligator Vertebrata Papasiatica 22 1 49-53 Journal Article Xu_Qingi;Huang_Chu-chien 1984 Some problems in evolution and distribution of Alligator (In Chinese with English summary) Vertabrata Papasiatica 22 1 49-53 AS, AM, evolution, distribution, China Journal Article Yajurvedi, H. N.;Hooli, M. A. 1983 Effect of progesterone on the testis, thumb pad and pars distalis of the Skipper Frog, Rana cyanophlyctis (Schn.) Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy B49 6 620-627 Book Section Yanev, Kay P. 1980 Biogeography and distribution of three parapatric salamander species in coastal and borderland California Power, D. M. The California Islands, Proceedings of a Multidisiplinary Symposium Santa Barbara Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History 531-550 Journal Article Yanev, K. P.;Wake, D. B. 1981 Genic differentiation in a relict desert salamander, Batrachoseps campi Herpetologica 37 1 16-28 amphibians, California, electrophoresis, variation, allozymes, Journal Article Ye, Chang-yuan;Fei, Liang;Xiang, Li-gai 1981 Rana altaica Kastschenko - A new record of Chinese frog from Xinjiang, China Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5 18 121-122 Journal Article Yingling, R. Peter 1982 Lichanura, L. trivirgata Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 294 1-2 Journal Article Yntema, C.L.;Mrosovsky, N. 1980 Sexual differentiation in hatchling loggerheads (Caretta caretta) incubated at different controlled temperatures Herpetologica 36 1 33-36 loggerhead; tsd; pivotal; sex ratio Journal Article Yntema, C. L. 1981 Characteristics of gonads and oviducts in hatchlings and young of the Chelydra serpentina Resulting from three incubation temperatures Journal of Morphology 167 297-304 Journal Article Yntema, C.L. ;Mrosovsky, N. 1982 Critical periods and pivotal temperatures for sexual differentiation in loggerhead sea turtles Canadian Journal of Zoology 60 5 1012-1016 tsd; loggerhead; sex ratio; tsd Journal Article Yorke, M. A.;Dickson, D. H. 1984 Diurnal variations in myeloid bodies of the newt retinal pigment epithelium Cell Tissue Res 235 1 177-86 Animal; *Circadian Rhythm; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*ultrastructure; Lipids/metabolism; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/metabolism/*ultrastructure; Rod Outer Segments/metabolism; Salamandridae/*physiology Myeloid bodies (MBs) occur in the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and are similar to areas of specialized endoplasmic reticulum found in a variety of other cell types. The function of these structures is unknown, although a role in lipid metabolism has been strongly suggested. Random samples from conventionally-fixed and sectioned newt RPE, obtained over a 24-hr cycle (LD 12:12), were examined by electron microscopy. Myeloid bodies appear as stacks of flattened endoplasmic reticulum-associated saccules which increase in length and number as the RPE accumulates shed outer segment material, prior to increase in the amount of stored lipid. Associations of MBs with the nuclear envelope can be related to this increased length. Myeloid bodies decrease numerically in the cell as phagosomes are removed from the cytoplasm, but a decrease in mean sectional MB area, seen in the light phase, is counteracted in darkness where individual MBs are larger than those found in the light. The total sectional area of MBs within a cell and their mean length varied depending on the lighting condition; differences were also found between eyes after extended periods of continuous light and dark. Ribosomes were found in association with the surfaces of both flattened and circular MBs, but they were consistently more densely associated with the shorter concave surfaces of curved regions. A new hypothesis for MB function is presented, which is concerned with their role in isolating toxic lipids such as retinoids, which are accumulated during phagocytosis of shed outer segment tips, and which are capable of disrupting membrane-bound systems necessary for their eventual metabolism and safe storage. Journal Article Youn, B. W.;Keller, R. E.;Malacinski., G. M. 1980 An atlas of notochord and somite morphogenesis in several anuran and urodelean amphibians Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 59 223-247 Journal Article Young, MArtha 1980 Special Report - California: California Turtle and Tortoise Club Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1980 70-71 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Young, Robert A.;Miller, D. M.;Ochsner, D. C. 1980 The Grand canyon rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis abyssus): comparison of venom protein profiles with other viridis subspecies Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66B 601-603 Journal Article Young, Robert A.;Miller, D. M.;Ochsner, D. C. 1980 The Grand Canyon rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis abyssus): comparison of venom protein profiles with other viridis subspecies Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 66B 601-603 Journal Article Young, Martha 1981 California Turtle and Tortoise Club Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1981 65-66 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Young, A. M. 1982 Lizard eggs and a snake (Imantodes) occupy "artificial bromeliads" in Costa Rican cacao plantations Brenesia 19/20 393-396 reptiles, colubrid, invertebrate commuties, ecosystem, ecology, anoles Journal Article Young, Martha 1982 California Turtle and Tortoise Club report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1982 84-85 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Young, H. E.;Bailey, C. F.;Dalley, B. K. 1983 Gross morphological analysis of limb regeneration in postmetamorphic adult Ambystoma Anat Rec 206 3 295-306 Ambystoma/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Animal; Comparative Study; Environment; Forelimb/innervation/*physiology; Metamorphosis, Biological; *Regeneration; Spinal Nerves/physiology; Time Factors Due to the great disparity between regeneration times for the larval salamander (40 days), axolotl (30+ days), newt (44 days), and adult salamander (155 to 370 days), a staging system was devised so correlative comparisons could be made between regenerative model systems. The sequence was based on two criteria: 1) the stages should be similar to previously reported sequences for the newt, axolotl, and larval salamander, and 2) the stages must be readily recognizable by examination of the external morphology in the living state. Postmetamorphic adult land-phase Ambystoma were amputated through the forearm, placed within survival conditions, and observed until regeneration was completed. Of the initial 160 salamanders, 157 (98%) progressed through 11 clearly defined stages of regeneration. A side-by- side comparison of the staging sequence for land and aquatic phase urodeles is given along with a summary of key external morphological characteristics for the adult salamander. It was noted that as the length of time for regeneration decreased, the relative ratio of the nerves innervating the limb (spinal nerves 4, 5, and 6) increased for the four species of Ambystoma examined: A. annulatum, 324 to 370 days postamputation (dpa) with a 1:1:1 neural tissue ratio; A. maculatum, 255 to 300 dpa with a 2:2:1 ratio; A. texanum, 215 to 250 dpa with a 2:2:2 ratio; and A. tigranum, 155 to 180 dpa with a 2:3:3 ratio. Journal Article Young, H. E.;Bailey, C. F.;Dalley, B. K. 1983 Environmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamander, Ambystoma Anat Rec 206 3 289-94 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; *Environment; Food; Forelimb/*physiology; Humidity; Light; Metamorphosis, Biological; *Regeneration; Temperature; Time Factors Historically, postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamanders have been shown to exhibit minimal to nonexistent limb regeneration. Hence, it has been generally accepted that these forms have lost the intrinsic capacity to regenerate a limb. Due to the experimental protocols used, an alternate explanation is also possible: that this intrinsic capacity cannot be expressed when the salamanders are maintained under adverse laboratory environmental conditions. Therefore, this study addresses two questions: 1) What are the optimal environmental conditions for long-term survival of adult land-phase salamanders; and 2) will complete limb regeneration occur in these salamanders if they are maintained under survival conditions. A mixed population of adult Ambystoma were tested under varying conditions of habitat, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, and food source. Complete limb regeneration was possible in 100% of four species of adult postmetamorphic land-phase Ambystoma salamanders given the proper environmental laboratory conditions of a peat moss and potting soil habitat with a controlled temperature of 25 degrees C +/- 5 degrees C, 70% or greater humidity, a 12/12 light/dark photoperiod, a diet including nightcrawlers released into their respective terraria, and an extended observation time of up to 370 days postamputation (dpa). Regeneration was completed during the following range periods for the adult salamanders: A. annulatum, 324 to 370 dpa; A. maculatum, 255 to 300 dpa; A. texanum, 215 to 250 dpa; and A. tigranum, 155 to 180 dpa. Journal Article Yu, Zhiwei;Deng, Qiziang;Hu, Jinzhu;Chen, Hongxi;Li, Jianguo 1984 Investigations on the Amphibians of some cities and countries in Sichuan Acta Herpetologica Sinica 3(3) 71-72 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, Rana tigrina rugulosa, Tylototriton asperrimus pingwuensis, Bufo pinchoinn, Bufo tebetanus, Liua shihi, Andrians davidianus, Tylotriton asperrimus pingwuensis, (Echinotrition), Bombina maxima, Brachtarsophrys carinensis, Megophrys carinensis, Atympanophrys shapingensis, megophrys minor, Leptolalax oshanensis, Virissaphora boringii, Oreolalax chintingensis, Oreolalax lichuanensis, Oreolalax schmidti, Scutiger tuberculatus, Bufo andrewsi, Bufo gargarizans, Bufo tibetamus, Hyal annectans, Rana ademopleura, Rana ademopleura, Rana boulengeri, Rana grahami, Rana guentheri, rana japonica chaochiaoensis, Rana japonica japonica, Rana linmocharis, Rana margaratae, rana nigormaculata, ranan phynoides, rana pleuraden, rnana quadrauns, rana temporaria, rana tigrina rugulaosa, nanorana pleskei, Staurois chunganensis, Staurois granulosus, staurois lifanensis, staurois mantzorum, Rhacophorus leucomystax, Rhacophorus chenfui, Rhacophorus omeimontis, Rhacophorus hungfuensis, Microhyla butleri, microhyla ornata, Kaloula p. pulchra, distribution Journal Article Zaccanti, F.;Vigenti., C. 1980 Quantitative observations on the development of Bufo bufo genital bodies Arch. Italiano Anat. Embriol. 85 353-362 Journal Article Zakon, H. H. 1984 Postembryonic changes in the peripheral electrosensory system of a weakly electric fish: addition of receptor organs with age Journal of Comparative Neurology 228 557-570 Journal Article Zalisko, E. J.;Everitt, E.;Martan, J.;Shumway, C.;Pappelis, A. J.;Russo, V. 1982 Determination of dry mass and area of attached and detached cytoplasmic droplets of Ambystoma texanum spermatozoa using quantitative Interference microscopy Transactions Of The Illinois State Academy Of Science 75 1-2 125-127 Journal Article Zalisko, E. J.;Brandon, R. A.;Martan., J. 1984 Microstructure and histochemistry of salamander spermatophores (Ambystomatidae, Salamandridae and Plethodontidae) Copeia 1984 739-747 Journal Article Zalisko, Edward J.;Brandon, Ronald A.;Martan, Jan 1984 Microstructure and histochemistry of salamander spermatophores (Ambystomatidae, Salamandridae and Plethodontidae) Copeia 1984 3 739-747 Journal Article Zelick, R. D.;Narins, P. N. 1982 Analysis of acoustically evoked call suppression behaviour in a neotropical treefrog Animal Behaviour 30 728-733 Journal Article Zelick, R. D.;Narins, P. N. 1983 Intensity discrimination and the precision of call timing in two species of neotropical treefrogs Journal of Comparative Physiology A 153 403-412 acoustic communication, calls-timing, Eleutherodactylus coqui, Hyla ebraccata, playback, Book Zhang, Zheng-Xung 1981 Snakes of Taiwan Taipei Z.-X. Zhang Publisher 249 Journal Article Zhao, Er-mi;Li, Sheng-quan;Shen, Yang 1980 [The electrophoretogram of isozymes of lactic dehydrogenase in the liver and kidney of Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl (Reptilia: Sauria)] Acta Herpetologica Sinica 4 1 1-4 Journal Article Zhao, Er-mi;Jiang, Yao-ming 1981 Studies on amphibians and reptiles of Mt. Gongga Shan, Sichuan, China Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1(1) 79-82 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, natural history, Scutiger ruginosus, new species, description, species description, Journal Article Zhao, Er-mi;Yan, Zhong-kai;Song, Yu-jun 1981 Notes on common adder from north-eastern China Acta Herpetologica Sinica 5 1 1-4 Journal Article Zhao, Er-mi;Wu, Guangu;Wenming, Yang 1983 Studies on genus Vibrissaphora (Amphbia: Pelobatidae) Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2(1) 15-20 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Megophryinae, China, Vibrissaphora leishanensis, Vibrissaphora boringii, Vibrissaphora yaoshanensis, karyotypes, cytogenetics, Vibrissaphora liui, Leptobatrachium Journal Article Zhao, Er-mi;Hu, Qixiong 1983 Taxonomy and evolution of Hynobiidae in western China, with description of a new genus Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2 2 29-35 Liua gen. nov. Book Zhao, E.;Qixiong, H. 1984 Studies on Chinese tailed amphibians Sichuan Scientific and Technical Publishing House 68 Amphibians, salamanders, China, classification, evolution Book Zhao, Ermi;Hu, Qixiong 1984 [Studies on Chinese Tailed Amphibians] Chengdu Sichuan Scientific and Technical publishng House 68, 4 plates Journal Article Zimmer, J. A.;Dent, J. N. 1981 Hormonal regulation of nuptial pads and tail fins in the female red- spotted newt Gen Comp Endocrinol 44 4 436-43 Animal; Castration; Cloaca/physiology; Epidermis/drug effects/physiology; Estradiol/*pharmacology; Extremities/physiology; Female; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Prolactin/*pharmacology; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Tail/drug effects/growth & development; Testosterone/*pharmacology Journal Article Zimmerman, H.;Zimmerman., E. 1981 Socialverhalten, Fortpflanzungsverhalten und Zucht der Färberfrösche Dendrobates histrionicus und D. lehmanni sowie einiger anderer Dendrobatiden. Zeit. Köhlner Zoo 24 83-99 Journal Article Zimmerman, Barbara;Hödl, Walter 1983 Distinction of Phrynohyas reinilictrix (Goeldi, 1907) from Phrynohyas venulosa (Laurenti, 1768) based on acoustical and behavioural parameters (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Zool. Anz. jena 211 5/6 341-352 Journal Article Zimmermann, E. 1983 Das ZÅchten von Terrarientieren. Pflege, Verhalten, Fortpflanzung Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung testu,echsen,serp,lurch,zucht,vet,vit,behav,syst PF x Journal Article Zimmermann, E. 1983 Das Züchten von Terrarientieren. Pflege, Verhalten, Fortpflanzung Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung testu,echsen,serp,lurch,zucht,vet,vit,behav,syst PF x Journal Article Zimmermann, E. 1983 The breeding of animals in terraria. Management, ethology, behavior. Das Züchten von Terrarientieren. Pflege, Verhalten, Fortpflanzung Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung Reptilia, Amphibia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, Amphibia, anura, urodeles, propagation, pathology, BOOK testu,echsen,serp,lurch,zucht,vet,vit,behav,syst PF x Journal Article Zinner, H 1984 On behavioral and sexual dimorphism of Telescopus d'hara Hardun 2 3-6;69 Telescopus d'hara; Sexual dimorphis; Behavioral dimorphism Journal Article Zucker, A. H.;Maderson, P. F. A. 1980 Cutaneous water loss and the epidermal shedding cycle in the tokay (Gekko gecko) (Lacertilia, Reptilia) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 65A 381-391 Journal Article Zug, G. R.;Barber, M. M.;Dudley, J. C. 1982 Gonadal histology and reproduction in Carlia bicarinata (Scincidae, Sauria, Reptilia) of the Port Moresby area, Papua New Guinea Herpetologica 38 3 418-425 reptiles, lizards, histology, Journal Article Zug, G. R. 1983 Natural history notes on the Fijian ground frog (Ranidae: Platymantis vitianus) Herp Review 14 3 68-69 amphibians Journal Article Zwart, P. 1980 Nutrition and nutritional disturbances in reptiles Proc. Europ. Herp. Symp. C.l.w.p. Oxford 1980 75 75-80 vet,vit,serp,echsen,testu PF x Journal Article Zwart, P.;and, M.;N.;Buitelaar 1980 Candida tropicalis: Enteritic infections and their treatment in chelonians Am. Assoc. Zoo Vet. Ann. Proc. Washington 1980 58 58-59 testu,vet,fung Fernl x Journal Article Zwart, P.;and, I.;van, der Gaag 1981 Atrophic gastritis in a Herman's tortoise Testudo hermanni and two red-eared turtles Chrysemys scripta elegans Am. J. Vet. Res. 1981 2191 2191-2195 testu,vet,bakt,histo WI x Journal Article Zwart, Peernel;Gaag, Ingrid van der 1981 Atrophic gastritis in a Herman's tortoise (Testudo hermanni) and two red-eared turtles (Chrysemys scripta elegans) American Journal of Veterinary Research 42 12 2191-2195 Journal Article Zwart, P;Claessen, H.;Goten, P. van der;Langerwerf, B.A.W.A.;Leunisse, J.J.C.;Mennes, J.;Riel, C. van 1982 Fortpflanzungsprobleme und Aufzuchtkrankheiten bei Reptilien Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 24 97-105 Reptilia, sauria, fertility, food, feeding Conference Proceedings ZWART, P.;TEUNIS, S.F.M.;CORNELISSEN, J.M.M. 1982 Monocercomoniasis in reptiles 73-76 vet,proto WI x Book Section Zwart, P.;Teunis, S. F. M.;Cornelissen, J. M. M. 1983 Monoceromoniasis in reptiles Vago, Constantin and Matz, G. Comptes Rendus du Premier Colloque International de Pathologie des Reptiles et des Amphibiens/Proceedings of the First International Colloquim on Pathology of Reptiles and Amphibians Angers, France Centre National de la Reserche Scientifique 73-76 Journal Article ZWART, P.;MOPPES, M. C. van 1983 Kongenitale Wirbeldeformitäten bei Schlangen. Der Zool. Garten NF 53 432-440 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, vertebrae, kinks, Journal Article Zwart, P.;Teunis, S.F.M.;Cornelissen, J.M.M. 1984 Monocercomoniasis in reptiles J. Zoo. Anim. Med. 15 129-134 Reptiles, serpentes, sauria, infection, protozoa, monocercomonas sp., therapy Bibliography P. Zwart Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G. 1980 Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 103. Frogs and lizards from the Huon Peninsula Papua New Guinea Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 165 5 387-434 Book Section Zweifel, Richard G. 1980 Aspects of the biology of a laboratory population of kingsnakes Murphy, James B. and Collins, Joseph T. Reproductive Biology and Diseases of Captive Reptiles Ithaca, NY SSAR 141-152 Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G. 1980 Description and relationships of a new species of Microhylid frog (genus Barygenys) from Papua New Guinea Pacific Science 34 3 269-275 Barygenys parvula sp. nov. Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G. 1981 Color pattern morphs of the kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus) in Southern California: distribution and evolutionary status Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science 80 2 70-81 Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G. 1981 Genetics of color pattern polymorphism in the California kingsnake Journal of Heredity 72 238-244 Utah lampropeltis getulus getula california variation Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G.;Allison, Allen 1982 A new montane microhylid frog from Papua New Guinea, and comments on the stauts of the genus Aphantophryne American Museum Novitates 2723 1-14 Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G.;Tyler, MIchael J. 1982 Amphibia of New Guinea Monographiae Biologicae 42 759-801 Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G.;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1983 Multiple insemination demonstrated experimentally in the kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus) Experientia 39 317-319 Journal Article Zweifel, Richard G. 1983 Two new Hylid frogs from Papua New Guinea and a discussion of the Nyctimystes papua species group American Museum Novitates 2759 1-21 Nyctimystes trachydermis sp. nov.; Nyctimystes tyleri sp. nov. Edited Book Zwerling, Mat;Brainard, Larry;Hatton, Marjorie;Heaphy, N.;Mullen, S.;Mure, M. 1983 Biological values for selected mammals San Francisco M. Zwerling 55 Book Zwinger, Ann 1983 A Desert Country near the Sea New York Harper & Row, Publishers xxvii + 399