Reference Type Author Year Title Secondary Author Secondary Title Place Published Publisher Volume Number Pages Keywords Abstract Author Address Journal Article Abbasi, A.;Braunitzer, G. 1991 Primary structure of hemoglobin from monitor lizard (Varanus exanthematicus albigularis--Squamata) Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 372 7 473-9 The primary structure of the major hemoglobin component from the Monitor Lizard Varanus exanthematicus albigularis is presented. The polypeptide subunits were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on Nucleosil C-4 column. The amino-acid sequence was established by automatic Edman degradation of the native polypeptide and its tryptic and hydrolytic cleavage products in a spinning cup sequencer. The structural data are discussed with reference to other reptiles. Thesis Abbühl, R. 1991 Untersuchungen zur Bestandessituation und habitatpräferenzen der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata) in der Region von Basel Book Section Abercrombie, C.L. 1992 Fitting curves to crocodilian age-size data: Some hesitant recommendations Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 5-21 Journal Article Abraham, Chandy 1990 Preliminary observations on the nesting of the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) on the Madras Coast, South India Hamadryad 15 10-12 Lepidochelys olivacea; Nesting; India Journal Article Abrahams, R. 1992 Ivermectin as a spray for treatment of snake mites Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 2 1 8 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, acari, dermatology, therapy Journal Article Abrahams, R. 1992 Monitoring Weight of Patients Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 2 1 8 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, physiology, weight, health Journal Article Abran, D.;Dickson, D. H. 1992 Biogenesis of myeloid bodies in regenerating newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) retinal pigment epithelium Cell Tissue Res 268 3 531-8 Animal; Cell Differentiation/physiology; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*physiology/ultrastructure; Female; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Phagocytosis/physiology; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure; Regeneration/*physiology; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Myeloid bodies are believed to be differentiated areas of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes, and they are found within the retinal pigment epithelium in a number of lower vertebrates. Previous studies demonstrated a correlation between phagocytosis of outer segment disc membranes and myeloid body numbers in the retinal pigment epithelium of the newt. To test the hypothesis that myeloid bodies are directly involved in outer segment lipid metabolism and to further characterize the origin and functional significance of these organelles, we examined the effects on myeloid bodies of eliminating the source of outer segment membrane lipids (neural retina removal) and of the subsequent return of outer segments (retinal regeneration) in the newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Light- and electron-microscopic analysis demonstrated that myeloid bodies disappeared from the pigment epithelium within six days of neural retina removal. By week 6 of regeneration, rudimentary photoreceptor outer segments were present but myeloid bodies were still absent. However, at this time, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in some areas of the retinal pigment epithelial cells had become flattened, giving rise to small (0.5 micron long), two- to-four layer-thick lamellar units, which are myeloid body precursors. Small myeloid bodies were first observed one week later at week 7 of retinal regeneration. This study revealed that newt myeloid bodies are specialized areas of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. It also showed that a contact between functional photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium is essential to the presence of myeloid bodies in the epithelial cells. Journal Article Acharjyo, L N;Singh, Lala A K;Pattanaik, S K 1990 Age at sexual maturity of gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Reptilia: Crocodylia) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87 3 458-459 Journal Article Acharjyo, L N;Singh, Lala A K;Pattanaik, S K 1991 Occurrence of congenital blindness in gharial Gavialis gangeticus (Reptilia: Crocodilia) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 88 1 117-118 Journal Article Ackermann, Janette;Miller, Eric 1992 Chromoycosis in an African bullfrog, Pyxicephalus adspersus Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 2 2 8-9 Journal Article Acosta, J. C.;Martori, R. 1990 Ecología de una población de Teius oculatus (Sauria: Teiidae) de Río Cuarto (Córdoba). II. Utilización espaciotemporal y relaciones térmicas Cuadernos de Herpetología 5 4 19-24 Teius oculatus Journal Article Acosta, J. C.;Martori, R. 1990 Ecologia de una poblacion de Teius oculatus (Sauria: Teiidae) de Rio Cuarto (Cordoba). II - utilizacion espacio-temporal y relaciones termicas Cuadernos de Herpetologia 5 4 19-22 19, Teiid, Teius, South America, lizard, ecology Journal Article Acosta, J. C.;Avila, L. J.;Martori, R. 1991 Ecología trófica de Teius oculatus (Sauria: Teiidae) en el sur de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). Composición, variación anual y estacional de la dieta Cuadernos de Herpetología 6 3 12-22 Teius oculatus Journal Article Acosta, J. C.;Avila, R. A.;Martori, R. 1991 Ecología trófica de Teuis oculatus (Sauria: Teiidae) en el sur de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina). Composicíon, variacíon anual y estacional de la dieta Cuadernos de Herpetologia 6 3 12-22 29, Teiidae, Teius, South America, lizard, ecology, diet Journal Article Adame, Barbara;Soto, Julio G.;Secraw, Deborah J.;Perez, John C.;Glenn, James L.;Straight, Richard C. 1990 Regional variation of biochemical characteristics and antigeneity in Great Basin rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis lutosus ) venom Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 97B 1 95-101 Crotalus viridis lutosus; Venom Journal Article Adams, J. W. 1991 Tube feeding hazards Tortoise Trust Newsl 5 6 Reptilia, testudines, nutrition, feeding, tube feeding, technique Journal Article Adams, D.J.;Nutter, T.J. 1992 Calcium Permeability and Modulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Channels in Rat Parasympathetic Neurons J Physiology-Paris 86 1-3 67-76 Parasympathetic Ganglia; Intracardiac Neurons; Acetylcholine-Evoked Currents; Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor; FROG NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; CILIARY GANGLION NEURONS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; PATCH-CLAMP TECHNIQUES; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; SYNAPTIC CURRENTS; CULTURED NEURONS; XENOPUS OOCYTES Journal Article Adams, H. P.;Cunningham, M. E.;La Pointe, J. L. 1992 Ultrastructural changes due to upper repiratory tract disease in the desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 7 Journal Article Adamson, Martin L.;Richardson, Jane P. M. 1991 Seasonal changes in populations of Chabaudgolvania waldeni (Quimperiidae; Seuratoidea) in Ambystoma gracile (Ambystomatidae; caudata) Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 163-167 Journal Article Adler, Kraig;Zhao, Ermi 1990 Studies on hynobiid salamanders, with description of a new genus Asiatic Herpetological Research 3 37-45 hynobius staobius china japan chinensis yiwuensis retardatus batrachuperus liua onychodactylus pachyhynobius pachypalaminus ranodon salamandrella Journal Article Adler, Kraig;Zhao, Ermi;Darevsky, Ilya S. 1992 First records of the pipe snake (Cylindrophis) in China Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 37-41 serpentes aniliidae uropeltidae indochina anomochilus anilius loxocemus ruffus natural history distribution Edited Book Adler, Kraig 1992 Herpetology: Current Research on the Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles St. Louis, MO SSAR 225 Edited Book Adler, Kraig 1992 Herpetology: Current Research on the Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles St. Louis, MO SSAR 225 p. Journal Article Adolph, S. C. 1990 Influence of behavioral thermoregulation on microhabitat use by two Sceloporus lizards Ecology 71 1 315-327 Reptiles, lizards, Sceloporus, graciosus, occidentalis, altitude zonation, behavioral flexibility, California, habitat selection, habitat shifts, microclimate, microhabitat, resource partitioning, thermoregulation Journal Article Adolph, Stephen C. 1990 Perch height selection by juvenile Sceloporus lizards: interspecific differences and relationship to habitat use Journal of Herpetology 24 1 69-75 Sceloporus, occidentalis, graciosus, microhabitat Book Section Adolph, S. C.;Andrews, R.;Bels, V.;Brown, P. R.;Echternacht, A. C.;d'Orgeix, C.;Fleishman, L. J.;Gerber, G. P.;Greenberg, N.;Greene, H. W.;Jenssen, T. A.;Kramer, M.;Font, E.;Losos, J. B.;MacDonald, D.;Echternacht, A. C.;Mayer, G. C.;Michaud, E. J.;Minesky, J. J.;Echternacht, A. C.;Schneider, C.;Schwenk, K.;Mayer, G. C.;Stamps, J. 1991 Some natural history observations on Anolis cupreus in Costa Rica: Thermal ecology, structural habitat, and a male-biased sex ratio Population dynamics of Anolis lizards Feeding behavior in Anolis Interspecific behavioral interactionof adult male Anolis sagrei and gray-throated Anolis carolinensis (Sauria: Iguanidae): a preliminary field study Individual and familiar/stranger recognition in Anolis limifrons Design features of the displays of anoline lizards Anolis sagrei and Anolis carolinensis in Florida: evidence for interspecific predation Physiological ethology of social dominance Review of Anolis lizard communication behavior An analysis of the headbobbing displays of Anolis carolinensis Ecomorphological evolution in West Indian Anolis Red-throated and gray-throated Anolis carolinensis: do females know the difference? The evolution of size in a temperate zone Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae) Heating and cooling rates in Anolis carolinensis and Anolis sagrei (Sauria: Iguanidae) Geographic variation in lesser antillean anoles Tongue displays in anoles and its evolutionary basis Sexual size dimorphism in anoles Losos, J. B. and Mayer, G. C. Anolis newsletter IV Washington, D.C. national Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Reptiles, lizards, symposium, Anolis Journal Article Aggarwal, R. K.;Lang, J. W.;Singh, L. 1992 Isolation of high-molecular-weight DNA from small samples of blood having nucleated erythrocytes, collected, transported, and stored at room temperature Genet. Anal. Tech. Appl. 9 2 54-57 techniques, genetics, CPL, temperature, Blood samples collected in the field for isolating DNA suitable for molecular analysis need special care in their storage and handling. In this article, we describe a simple method for the isolation of good- quality high-molecular-weight DNA that does not require low temperature conditions during collection, storage, and/or transportation of blood samples. This method involves smearing small aliquots of blood onto clean slides and air drying them at room temperature. The slides with blood smears can then be transported or stored at room temperature and still serve as a very good source of high-molecular-weight DNA. Genomic DNA from these samples can be extracted by organic phase separation (phenol-chloroform extraction) after lysis. The DNA thus obtained is of high quality and yields DNA fingerprints qualitatively similar to those prepared from corresponding control DNA isolated from frozen blood samples. Needing minimal facilities at field sites, the method is very convenient for conducting RFLP analysis of wild/field populations for demographic, behavioral, and ecologic studies. Journal Article Aguilar, X.;Casas-Andreu, G. 1991 Crocodylus acutus (American crocodile): Reproduction Herpetol. Rev. 22 3 98 CA, reproduction, Book Section Aguirre, A.A. 1991 Green turtle fibropapilloma: An epidemiologic perspective G.H. Balazs, S.G. Pooley Research plan for marine turtle fibropapilloma U.S. Dep. Commer. NOAA Tech. Memo. 107-113 Journal Article Ahl, I. 1992 Snake mites, Ophionyssus natricis (Gervais 1844) - Mor common than snakes in the terrarium? (Swedish) Ormkvalser Opionyssus natricis (Gervais 1844) vanligare än ormar i vara terrarier? Snoken 22 4 24-37 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, Ophionyssus natricis, therapy Reprint Endnote 94/101 Journal Article Ahl, I. 1992 Snake mites, Ophionyssus natricis (Gervais 1844) - More common than snakes in the terrarium? (Swedish) Ormkvalser Opionyssus natricis (Gervais 1844) vanligare än ormar i vara terrarier? Snoken 22 4 24-37 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, Ophionyssus natricis, therapy Journal Article Ahlgren, M. O.;Bowen., S. H. 1991 Growth and survival of tadpoles (Bufo americanus) fed amorphous detritus derived from natural waters Hydrobiologia 218 49-51 Journal Article AHNE, W. ;NEUBERT, W.J. 1991 Isolation of Paramyxovirus-like agents from Teju (Callopistes maculatus) and Python (Python regius) 4. Int. Coll. Path. & Med. Rept. Amph. Bad Nauheim 27-29.9. 30-41 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, Chile Teju, Callopistes maculatus, Python regius, infection, virus, paramyxovirus Paramyxovirus(PMV) like agents have been isolated from two animals (Chilenian teju,Callopistes maculatus andPython regius) kept in different private husbandries. The history was unknown. Clinical signs were not mentioned. This paper indicates that different strains of PMV exist among reptiles, while the reptilian PMV strains are distinctly different from those of mammals and birds. Journal Article Ahsan, Farid;Saeed, Abu 1992 Some aspects of the breeding biology of the black softshell turtle, Aspideretes nigricans Hamadryad 17 28-31 Breeding biology; Aspideretes nigricans Journal Article Ahsan, Farid 1992 A record of Draco blandfordii from Bangladesh Hamadryad 17 39-40 Draco blandfordii Journal Article Aichinger, Manfred 1991 Faunal deficit of anurans in tropical farmland of Amazonia Peru Alytes 9 1 23-32 Journal Article Aichinger, M. 1991 A new species of poison-dart frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Serrania de Sira, Peru Herpetologica 47 1 1-5 Dendrobates sirensis Journal Article Aiken, S.P;Sellin, L.C.;Schmidt, J. P.;Weinstein, S.A;McArdle, J.J. 1992 A novel peptide toxin from Trimererurus wagleri acts pre-and post-synaptically to block transmission at the rat neuromuscular junction Pharmacology and Toxicology 70 459-462 venom Journal Article Akeret, Beat 1992 Anleitung zum Bau eines Schlupfkastens für Vollglasterrarien Herpetofauna 14 78 6-10 Journal Article Akita, K 1992 An anatomical investigation of the muscles of the pelvic outlet in Iguanas (Iguanidae Iguana iguana) and varanus (Varanidae Varanus dumerillii)) with special reference to their nerve supply Ann. Anat. 174 119-129 Reptilia, sauria, Iguanidae Iguana iguana, Varanidae Varanus dumerillii, anatomy, pelvis, muscles, nerves Reprint Endnote 93/685 Journal Article Akita, K. 1992 An anatomical investigation of the muscles of the pelvic outlet in iguanas (Iguanidae Iguana iguana) and varanus (Varanidae Varanus (dumerillii)) with special reference to their nerve supply Anat Anz 174 2 119-29 Five pelvic halves from three male iguanas (Iguanidae Iguana iguana) and two pelvic halves from one male varanus (Varanidae Varanus (dumerillii)), were dissected in order to obtain detailed data on the relationship of the lumbosacral plexus and the muscles of the pelvic outlet. According to the positions of the passage of the metazonal nerves, the nerves can be divided into three groups: 1) the nerves passing dorsal to the caudofemoralis muscle, 2) the nerves passing between the caudofemoralis and the caudoischiadicus major, 3) the nerves passing ventral to the caudoischiadicus major. In consideration of the sites of origin from the lumbosacral plexus, a stratificational analysis can be proposed; group 1 arises craniodorsal to group 2, and group 3 caudoventral to group 2. It is suggested that the pelvic outlet muscles (caudofemoralis, quadratus caudae, obliquus cloacae, transversus cloacae profundus, retractor penis, caudoischiadicus major, and the caudoischiadicus minor) are derived from the ventral muscles of the posterior limb, and have moved caudally concomitant with the caudal migration of the cloaca. Journal Article Al-Asgah, Na;Diab, F. M.;Ms, Al-Khalifa;Asgah, Na Al 1990 Haemaphysalis (Herpetobia) sulcata (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878) (Acari: Ixodidae): distribution, hosts and seasonal changes in Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research 8 1 Reptilia, sauria, agama, Agama yemenensis; infection, ectoparasite, tick, ixodus, Boophilus kohlsi, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Hyalomma sulcata; H. arabica, H. impeltatum, H. a. anatolicum Immature stages of H. sulcata infest Agama yemenensis. Lizards were caught by hand and small mammals (Meriones rex, Acomys dimidiatus, Gerbillus dasyurus) were trapped to record the incidence of immature stages of H. sulcata. H. sulcata in the Al-Sarawat Mountains coexists with Hyalomma arabica, Boophilus kohlsi and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Journal Article Al-Badry, K.S.;El-Deib, S.;Nuzhy, S. 1992 Changes in serum chemistry parameters of the Egyptian cobra (Naje haje haje) in correlation with the hibernation cycle J. Therm. Biol. 17 2 111-114 Reptilia, serpentes, cobra, Naja haje haje, physiology, blood, values, hibernation Journal Article Al-Badry, K.S.;El-Deib, S.;Nuzhy, S. 1992 Haematological changes correlated with the hibernation cycle in the Egyptian cobra (Naje haje haje). J. Therm. Biol. 17 2 107-109 Reptilia, serpentes, cobra, Naja haje haje, physiology, blood, values Journal Article Alatalo, Rauno V.;Helle, Pekka 1990 Alarm calling by individual willow tits, Parus montanus Animal Behaviour 40 437-442 Journal Article Alberts, Allison C. 1990 Chemical properties of femoral gland secretions in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 1 13-25 Journal Article Alberts, A. C.;Sharp, T. R.;Werner, D. I.;Weldon, P. J. 1992 Seasonal variation of lipids in femoral gland secretions of male green iguanas (Iguana iguana) Journal of Chemical Ecology 18 5 703-712 Reptiles, lizards, lipids, fat, glands, Costa Rica, California, femoral glands, fatty acids, sterols, pheromones, Journal Article Alberts, Allison C.;Pratt, Nancy C.;Phillips, John A. 1992 Seasonal productivity of lizard femoral glands: relationship to social dominance and androgen levels Physiology & Behavior 51 729-733 Journal Article Alberts, Allison C. 1992 Constraints on the design of chemical communication systems in terrestrial vertebrates American Naturalist 139 suppl. S62-S89 Journal Article ALCOBENDAS, M.;CASTANET, J.;MARTELLI, E;MILET, C. 1992 Phosphate and calcium level variations in the plasma of the snake Vipera aspis during the annual cycle and the reproductive period. Herpetol. J. 2 42-47 Reptilia, squamata, serpentes, snake,Vipera aspis physiology, reproduction, phosphate, calcium level, plasma, annual cycle The measurement of P and Ca levels in the plasma of Vipera aspis, during two consecutive year cycles showed significant seasonal variations. For males and non-breeding females P-levels are higher during the active period of the year than during hibernation. Conversaly, calcium levels are higher for the hibernating period than for the active period. Breeding females present an important increase of P and Ca levels, with a peak near ovulation. Clearly this phenomenon is related to vitellogenesis. The relationship between plasma P and Ca levels and bone tissue mineralization is discussed, the latter being the only reservoir of these mineral salts available to the snake. Reprint Endnote 93/93 Journal Article Alcocer, I.;X. Santacruz, H. Steinbeisser, K. H. Thierauch;Pino., E. M. Del 1992 Ureotelism as the prevailing mode of nitrogen excretion in larvae of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae (Fowler)(Anura, Hylidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 01A 29-231 Book Alderton, David 1991 Crocodiles & Alligators of the World New York Facts on File 190 Journal Article Aldridge, Robert D.;Semlitsch, Raymond D. 1992 Male reproductive biology of the southeastern crowned snake (Tantilla coronata) Amphibia-Reptilia 13 219-225 Journal Article Aldridge, Robert D.;Semlitsch, Raymond D. 1992 Female reproductive biology of the southeastern crowned snake (Tantilla coronata) Amphibia-Reptilia 13 209-218 Journal Article Aldridge, R. D.;Semlitsch, R. D. 1992 Female reproductive biology of the south- eastern crowned snake (Tantilla coronata) Amphibia- Reptilia 13 209-218 Reptilia, serpentes, south- eastern crowned snake,Tantilla coronata, physiology, reproduction Female south- eastern crowned snake (Tantilla coronata ) reach sexual maturity in the spring of their third calendar of life (about 21 months of age) at about 150 mm snout-vent length. Vitellogenesis occurs in spring, ovulation in june and oviposition in june and early july. Both ovaries are fully functional, despite the lack of a functional left oviduct. Coelomic fat mass of adults showed a significant negative correlation during the course of vitellogenesis. Fat mass increased significantly following oviposition, however, some females had low coelomic reserves in late summer. Journal Article ALDRIDGE, R. D. 1992 Oviductal anatomy and seasonal sperm storage in the south- Eastern Crowned snake (Tantilla coronata) Copeia 18 4 1103-1106 Reptilia, serpentes, crowned snake,Tantilla coronata , anatomy, sperm, storage Journal Article Aldridge, R. D.;Semlitsch, R. D. 1992 Male reproductive biology of the South-eastern crowned snake (Tantilla coronata) Amphibia-Reptilia 13 219-225 Reptilia, serpentes, south- eastern crowned snake,Tantilla coronata, anatomy, oviduct, sperm, storage The spermatogonic cycle of Tantilla coronata, is post-nuptial. Spermatogenesis begins in May and reaches a peak in july - august. Hypertrophy of the sexual segment occurs in the early spring and summer. mating occurs during the period of sexual segment hypertrophy. During the second spermatogenic season, enough sperm are produced to permit mating in the summer or following spring. Journal Article Aldridge, Robert D. 1992 Oviductal anatomy and seasonal sperm storage in the southeastern crowned snake (Tantilla coronata) Copeia 1992 1103-1106 Journal Article Alemu, P.;Thompson, E.C. 1990 Baseline clinical chemistry value of the farm Nile crocodile Abst. 6th Int. Conf. Wildl. Dis. Berlin 3 Reptilia, crocodylia, sauria, physiology, blood, hematology, values Journal Article Alford, P. L.;Nash, L. T.;Fritz, J.;Bowen, J. A. 1992 Intracoelomic use of tricaine methanesulfonate for anesthesia of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) Zoo Biol 11 4 243-251 Amphibia, anura, bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, leopard frog, Rana pipiens, anesthesia, MS222 Journal Article Alibardi, L.;Meyer Rochow, V. B. 1990 Fine structure of regenerating caudal spinal cord in adult tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) J Hirnforsch 31 5 613-21 A report on the presence of cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons (CSFCN) inside the regenerating caudal spinal cord of adult specimens of the tuatara Sphenodon punctatus is given. The cells in question are easily distinguished from amongst ependymal tanicytes of the regenerating cord. Large granules of high electron density are particularly common in these neural cells which generally show clear cytoplasm of low electron density. The ultrastructural findings strongly support the idea of a secretory activity of these neurons directed toward the central canal. Journal Article Allen, W.;Jr. 1991 The master excavators: gopher tortoises Reptile & Amphibian Mag. 18-23 Journal Article Allen, E. E.;Crews, D. 1992 Sexual behavior and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in male red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) Brain Behav Evol 40 1 17-24 Animal; Blood Glucose/*metabolism; Brain/physiology; Brain Mapping; Deoxyglucose/metabolism; Hypothalamus, Anterior/*physiology; Male; Preoptic Area/*physiology; Seasons; Sex Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Snakes/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) technique was used to study patterns of neural activity associated with the species-typical courtship behavior of male red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Males in this species court females intensely during the first month following spring emergence from their prolonged winter hibernation. Autoradiographic methods were used to measure the accumulation of radioactive label in various regions through the brains of male garter snakes that courted females, males that failed to court females, and males not exposed to females. Male garter snakes that actively courted females showed a pronounced increase in 2-DG accumulation, and therefore presumably neural activity, in the region of the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area, relative to males that did not actively court females. Males exposed to females (regardless of whether they courted or not) showed widespread, non-specific increases in 2-DG uptake relative to males not exposed to females. The results indicate the utility of the 2-DG technique for studying complex, species-typical behaviors in vertebrates. Journal Article Allen, W. 1992 Loggerhead dies after ingesting marine debris Mar. Turtle Newsl. 58 10 Journal Article Allison, J. D. 1992 Acoustic modulation of neural activity in the preoptic area and ventral hypothalamus of the green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) Journal of Comparative Physiology 171A 387-395 Journal Article Allmon, W. D. 1991 A plot study of forest floor litter frogs, central Amazon, Brazil Journal of Tropical Ecology 7 503-522 Anura, frogs, litter herpetofauna, rain forest, plot study, abundance, diversity, Amazonia, S. America, Brazil,130 Journal Article Allsteadt, John;Vaughan, Christopher 1992 Dry season habitat selection of Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) in Caño Negro, Costa Rica Bernesia 38 65-69 Journal Article Allsteadt, J.;Vaughan, C. 1992 Population status of Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylus: Alligatoridae) in Caño Negro, Costa Rica Brenesia 38 CCR, CF, habitat, ecology, demography, Journal Article Allsteadt, J.;Vaughan, C. 1992 Dry season habitat selection of Caiman crocodilus (Crocodylus: Alligatoridae) in Caño Negro, Costa Rica Brenesia 38 65-69 CCr, CF, habitat, ecology, Journal Article Allstetter, Billy 1991 Slither aerobics Discover 1991 April 24 Journal Article Altenberg, G. A.;Reuss, L. 1990 Apical membrane Na+/H+ exchange in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. Its dependence on extracellular and intracellular pH and on external Na+ concentration J Gen Physiol 95 2 369-92 Animal; Epithelium/metabolism; Gallbladder/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro; Ion Exchange; Necturus maculosus; Sodium/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Intracellular microelectrode techniques and extracellular pH measurements were used to study the dependence of apical Na+/H+ exchange on mucosal and intracellular pH and on mucosal solution Na+ concentration ([Na+]o). When mucosal solution pH (pHo) was decreased in gallbladders bathed in Na(+)-containing solutions, aNai fell. The effect of pHo is consistent with titration of a single site with an apparent pK of 6.29. In Na(+)-depleted tissues, increasing [Na+]o from 0 to values ranging from 2.5 to 110 mM increased aNai; the relationship was well described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The apparent Km was 15 mM at pHo 7.5 and increased to 134 mM at pHo 6.5, without change in Vmax. In Na(+)-depleted gallbladders, elevating [Na+]o from 0 to 25 mM increased aNai and pHi and caused acidification of a poorly buffered mucosal solution upon stopping the superfusion; lowering pHo inhibited both apical Na+ entry and mucosal solution acidification. Both effects can be ascribed to titration of a single site; the apparent pK's were 7.2 and 7.4, respectively. Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC), a histidine- specific reagent, reduced mucosal acidification by 58 +/- 4 or 39 +/- 6% when exposure to the drug was at pHo 7.5 or 6.5, respectively. Amiloride (1 mM) did not protect against the DEPC inhibition, but reduced both apical Na+ entry and mucosal acidification by 63 +/- 5 and 65 +/- 9%, respectively. In the Na(+)-depleted tissues mean pHi was 6.7. Cells were alkalinized by exposure to mucosal solutions containing high concentrations of nicotine or methylamine. Estimates of apical Na+ entry at varying pHi, upon increasing [Na+]o from 0 to 25 mM, indicate that Na+/H+ exchange is active at pHi 7.4. Intracellular H+ stimulated apical Na+ entry by titration of more than one site (apparent pK 7.1, Hill coefficient 1.7). The results suggest that external Na+ and H+ interact with one site of the Na+/H+ exchanger and that cytoplasmic H+ acts on at least two sites. The external titratable group seems to be an imidazolium, which is apparently different from the amiloride- binding site. The dependence of Na+ entry on pHi supports the notion that the Na+/H+ exchanger is operational under normal transport conditions. Journal Article Alvarado, J.;Figueroa, A. 1990 Promoting community participation in the conservation of Mexico's sea turtles World Wildlife Fund Report June/July 8-11 green/ridley Journal Article Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz;Rey, Laura;Cei, José Maria 1992 A new subspecies of the reticulatus group, genus Atractus, from Southeastern South America (Serpentes, Colubridae) Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 10 2 249-256 Journal Article Alvarez, Rafael 1992 Functional stages in the interrenal cells of Rana perezi (Anura: Ranidae) Journal of Morphology 212 65-70 Journal Article Alvarez, I.M.;Guillette, L.J.;Buhi, W.C. 1992 In vitro synthesis and secretion of proteins by alligator reproductive tract during vitellogenesis Biol. Reprod. 46 Suppl. 1 76 AM, reproduction, endocrinology, Journal Article Amaral, C. F.;Magalhaes, R. A.;de Rezende, N. A. 1991 [Respiratory involvement secondary to crotalid ophidian bite (Crotalus durissus)] Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 33 4 251-5 Three patients presented respiratory abnormalities following Crotalus durissus snakebite. These abnormalities appeared in the first 48 h after the snake bite and consisted of dyspnea, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles of respiration (cases 1 and 2) and flaring of the nostrils (case 2). Cases 1 and 2 developed acute respiratory failure. Case 2, 24 h after the snakebite presented difficult breathing and periods of apnea. He was intubated in the emergency room and transferred to the intensive case unit where he arrive with spontaneous breathing. His respiratory pattern worsened and measurement of arterial pH and blood gases showed metabolic and respiratory acidosis with partial carbon dioxide pressure increasing from 40 to 50.3 mmHg compatible with acute ventilatory failure. Both patients needed mechanical ventilation. Weaning from the ventilator was accomplished after 33 days in case 1 and after 15 days in case 2. Both patients also presented acute renal failure treated with peritoneal dialysis with full recovery of the renal function. Measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1.0) was carried out 58 hours after the snakebite in case 3. Both FVC and FEV 1.0 were reduced in relation to the predicted values (60 and 67% respectively) but the ratio FEV 1.0/FVC was in the normal range. These findings were compatible with a restrictive pattern of ventilatory failure. Serial measurements showed progressive increase of both FVC and FEV 1.0 reaching 72 and 79% of the predicted values, respectively, in the 10th day after the snakebite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Report Amato, G.D.;Gatesy, J.;Norell, M.A. 1990 A phylogenetic analysis of the Alligatoridae based on mitochondrial DNA Journal Article Amato, Ivan 1992 From 'Hunter Magic,' a pharmacopeia? Science 258 1306 Phyllomedusa bicolor Journal Article Amiet, Jean-Louis 1990 Images d'Amphibiens camerounais. II. L'enfouissement et la phonation bouche ouverte chez Conrana crassipes (Buchholz & Peters, 1875). [Images of Cameroon amphibians. II. The burrowing and phonation with the mouth open in Conrana crassipes (Buchholz & Peters, 1875)] Alytes 8 3-4 99-104 calling Journal Article Amiet, Jean-Louis 1991 Images d'Amphibiens camerounais. III. Le comportement de garde des ¦ufs. [Images of Cameroon amphibians. III. Egg guarding behavior] Alytes 9 1 15-22 petropedetes alexteroon phrynodon nectophryne hemisus newtoni obstetricans sandersoni afra guineensis trichobatrachus robustus marmoratus sudanensis Journal Article Amiet, Jean-Louis 1991 Images d'Amphibiens camerounais. IV. Les constructeurs de nids. [Images of Cameroon amphibians. IV. The construction of nests] Alytes 9 3 71-77 afrixalus opisthothylax chiromantis immaculatus rufescens paradorsalis laevis Journal Article Amiet, Jean-Louis 1991 Un Leptopelis méconnu de la faune forestière camerounaise (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae).[An unrecognized Leptopelis from the forests of Cameroon (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae)] Alytes 9 4 89-102 new species sp. nov. omissus distribution aubryi calcaratus Journal Article Amt Fuer Umweltschutz 1991 Der Feuersalamander im Kanton Glarus Amt Für Umweltschutz 1-5 Journal Article Ananjeva, Natalia B.;Peters, Günther;Macey, J. Robert;Papenfuss, Theodore J. 1990 Stellio sacra (Smith 1935) - a distinct species of Asiatic rock agamid from Tibet Asiatic Herpetological Research 3 104-115 systematics distribution Journal Article Ananjeva, N. B.;Peters, G.;Macey, J. R.;Papenfuss, T. J. 1990 Stellia sacra (Smith 1935)-a distinct species of Asiatic rock agamid from Tibet Asiatic Herpetological Research 3 104-115 Reptiles, lizards, systematics, distribution, description, specimens, distribution, color Journal Article Ananjeva, Natalia B.;Tuniyev, Boris S. 1992 Historical biogeography of the Phrynocephalus species of the USSR Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 76-98 agamidae armenia azerbaijan kazakhstan kirgizistan russia tadjikistan turkmenistan uzbekistan distribution evolution versicolor maculatus raddei reticulatus guttatus megalochilus rossikowi mystaceus interscapularis moltschanovi Journal Article Andersen, O.;Kimwele, C.;Aulie, A.;Kanui, T. 1990 Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in juvenile Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 97 4 607-609 CNL, growth, techniques, farm, size, 1. Recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) showed somatotropic activity in juvenile Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus). 2. Body weight of crocodiles receiving 3.25 micrograms hGH/g body weight twice a week was increased by 49% after five weeks of treatment, compared to 31% increase in controls. 3. Total length was increased by 15 and 5%, respectively, in the two groups. 4. Food conversion efficiency increased from 28% in the controls to 36% in the hormone injected animals. 5. Cessation of hormone treatment was followed by reduced appetite and decreasing body growth. Journal Article Anderson, Roger A.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1990 Sexual selection versus alternative causes of sexual dimorphism in teid lizards Oecologia 84 145-157 intensive foraging Journal Article Anderson, R. A.;Vitt, L. J. 1990 Sexual selection versus alternative causes of sexual dimorphism in teiid lizards Oecologia (Berl.) 84 145-157 Reptiles, lizards, Cnemidophorus tigris, Ameiva ameiva, Cnemidophorus ocellifer, sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, intensive foraging, Brazil, Amazonia Book Section Anderson, Karen 1991 Chromosome evolution in Holartic Hyla treefrogs Amphibian cytogenetics and evolution Academic Press, Inc. 299-331 Amphibia, Anura, Lissamphibia, Hyla, karyotype, technique, evolution, cytogenetics, taxonomy, systematics, phylogenetics, chromosome, RNA, DNA Journal Article Anderson, D. P.;Jeney, G. 1992 Immunostimulants added to Injected Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin enhance the defense mechanisms and protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Vet Immunol Immunopathol 34 3-4 379-389 Pisces, trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, infection bacteria, Aeromonas salmonicida, immunostimulant, defence Immunostimulants were given to rainbow trout for assaying effects on modulating non-specific defense mechanisms, specific immune response, and Protection levels against pathogen challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida. Three drugs, levamisole (an approved veterinary drug in the USA), a quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), and a short-chain polypeptide (ISK) were found to affect the non-specific defense mechanism activities, which were measured by changes in circulatory neutrophil and phagocytic activity levels, and the specific immune response factors, which were measured by numbers of plaque-forming cells, and circulatory antibody levels. When given alone, the immunostimulants elevated the non-specific factors. When injected in combination with an A. salmonicida O-antigen bacterin, the non-specific factors were further elevated, and the specific response was raised over samples taken from fish given the bacterin without the immunostimulants. Challenge tests with the virulent pathogen, A. salmonicida, showed a 5-6 day delay in the onset of mortalities in the fish given the immunostimulants alone, and a 12-14 day delay when immunostimulants given were combined with the bacterin. In the groups given the QAC or ISK with the bacterin, there was a 20% and 40% survival rate, respectively. Reprint Endnote 93/282 Journal Article ANDERSON, N. L. 1992 Diseases of Iguana iguana Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet 14 10 1336 Reptilia, sauria, I. iguana, green iguana, diseases, survey, anesthesia, isoflurane This article discusses diagnostic procedures and specific diseases affecting Iguana iguana (the green iguana). Most disorders of iguanas can be traced to improper environment or husbandry practices. When first presented with a sick iguana, the veterinarian should thoroughly discuss the history with the owners and conduct a complete physical examination. The minimum data base for the health check of an iguana also includes cloacal and choanal Gram's stains, fecal testing, and weighing of the animal. External heat sources are necessary during anesthesia and recovery of the iguana. Isoflurane is the anesthetic agent of choice for induction and maintenance. Book Section Andrade-M., Raquel;Flores-L., Rita;Fragoso-R., Sara;López-S., Carlos;Sarti-M., Laura;Torres-M., Leda;Vázquez-B., Laura Gpr. 1992 Efecto de las larvas de Diptero sobre el huevo y las crias de tortuga marina en el Playón de Mexiquillo, Michoacan Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 27-37 Sea turtles; Mexico; Lepidochelys olivacea; Parasites Journal Article Andrews, Harry V.;Gaulke, Maren 1990 Observations on the reproductive biology and growth of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) at the Madras Crocodile Bank Hamadryad 15 1-5 Varanus salvator; Reproductive biology; Growth Journal Article Andrews, S. M.;Carroll, R. L. 1991 The order Adelospondyli: Carboniferous lepospondyl amphibians Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 82 239-275 Journal Article Andrews, Harry V.;Tampal, Farida 1992 Current literature in Asian herpetology Hamadryad 17 56-69 Journal Article Annable, T. J. 1992 Observations on the husbandry and captive breeding of Nephrurus asper, the spiny knob-tailed gecko Herpetofauna 22 1 7-11 Nephrurus asper Journal Article Anonymous 1990 Current literature in Asian herpetology Hamadryad 15 44-45 Journal Article Anonymous 1990 Herpful hints from the Louisiana Herpetological Society Vivarium 2 4 27 Journal Article Anonymous 1991 The global turtle recovery program: emergency appeal Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 26 10 227 conservation research Journal Article Anonymous 1991 Declining amphibian populations - a global phenomenon? Findings and recommendations Alytes 9 2 33-42 amphibian decline Report Anonymous 1991 KARCH Jaresbericht 1991 [KARCH annual report 1991] Journal Article Anonymous 1991 Cayman update Iguana Times 1 3 11 cuclura nubila Journal Article Anonymous 1991 Current literature in Asian herpetology Hamadryad 16 49-55 Journal Article Anonymous 1991 In the spotlight: Central Florida Herpetological Society Vivarium 3 2 15 Journal Article Anonymous 1991 AFH photo contest finals Vivarium 3 4 14-18; 22-25 Journal Article Anonymous 1991 What is your diagnosis? J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 198 2 315 Reptilia, serpentes, constrictor constrictor, boa, foreign body ingestion, radiography Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Draft of the Division of wildlife Resources classification: native Utah Wildlife Species of Special Concern Intermontanus 1 6 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Additions to the list of amphibians and reptiles seen in the state this year Intermontanus 1 5 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Results of the 1992 amphibian count Intermontanus 1 3 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Incubation 1992 British Association of Tortoise Keepers Magazine 13 9 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 How good a keeper are you? [a tortoise keeper's quiz] British Association of Tortoise Keepers Magazine 13 3-7;15-16 captive husbandry Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Constitution and bylaws to undergo revision Notes From NOAH 20 2 3-8 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Timber rattlesnake placed on Ohio endangered species list Notes From NOAH 20 2 8 crotalus horridus Journal Article Anonymous 1992 New dendrobatid frog American Dendrobatid Group Newsletter 1993 5 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 From the Centers for Disease Control. Iguana-associated salmonellosis-Indiana, 1990 JAMA 267 8 1053-1054 salmonella Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Galápagos animals may be older than their islands Iguana Times 1 4 12-13 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 A good way to spend a hurricane Iguana Times 1 6 12 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Editorial: A case for significant deregulation of the keeping and taking of reptiles and frogs Herpetofauna 22 1 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Seizures and prosecutions Reptilian 1 2 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 British Dendrobatid Group Reptilian 1 2 24 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Tortoise Trust Reptilian 1 3 24 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 New Products: Microclimate heat mat, Rept-a-glaze Reptilian 1 5 7 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Marine News Reptilian 1 5 19 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 British Association of Tortoise Keepers Reptilian 1 5 24 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Association for the study of Reptilia and Amphibia Reptilian 1 6 24 Journal Article Anonymous 1992 Actas del I Congreso Argentino y I Congreso Sudamericano de Herpetologia Acta Zoologica Lilloana 41 1-389 South America Book Anonymous 1992 Starting Right: The Complete Guide to Basic Reptile Care Aurora, CO Reptile News Press 42 Book Anonymous 1992 16th International Herpetological Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry St. Louis, MO IHS ca. 130 Journal Article anonymous 1992 Question box (ear infection) Tortoise Trust Newsl 1992 2 Reptilia, testudines, infection, bacteria, pathology, ear, otitis Book Anonymous 1992 16th International Herpetological Symposium on Captive Propagation & Husbandry St. Louis, MO International Herpetological Symposium ca. 130 p. Book Anonymous 1992 The Complete Guide to Keeping Monitors Aurora, CO Reptile News Press 42 p. Journal Article Anthony, C. D.;Formanowitz, D. R.;Brodie, E. D. 1992 The effect of prey availability on the search behavior of two species of chinese salamanders Herpetologica 48 287-292 foraging, salamanders, Hynobius, search, feeding Journal Article Anton, T.G. 1990 Predation on the house sparrow, Passer domesticus, by the Gulf Coast box turtle, Terrapene carolina major, under seminatural conditions Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 25 143-144 Terrapene carolina major Journal Article Applegarth, John S. 1991 Field notes from Waggoner Creek, Douglas County, Oregon Oregon Herpetological Society Newsletter 30 3-5 plethodon dunni taricha granulosa eumeces skiltonianus sceloporus occidentalis charina bottae thamnophis ordinoides rana catesbeiana coluber constrictor diadophis punctatus gerrhonotus coeruleus Journal Article Applegarth, John S. 1991 Notes on two-headed snakes Oregon Herpetological Society Newsletter 29 3-4 dicephalic thamnophis sirtalis fitchi ordinoides coluber constrictor Book Applegate, Robert 1992 The General Care and Maintenance of Milk Snakes Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 71 Journal Article Aquilar, X.;Casas-Andreu, M. 1991 Crocodylus acutus (American crocodile) reproduction Herpetol. Rev. 22 3 98 CA, reproduction, Book Section Araiza-F., José L.;et al. 1992 "Salvemos a la tortuga laud" Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 83-88 Sea turtles Book Aramata, Hiroshi 1990 Atlas Anima 3. Amphibians and Reptiles Japan (1) 376 Journal Article Araujo, M. S.;Andreotti, R.;Chudzinski, A. M.;Sampaio, C. A.;Sampaio, M. U. 1992 Caiman kininogen-like cysteine proteinase inhibitor Agents Actions Suppl 38 Pt 1 322-30 Animal; Chromatography, Agarose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/*blood/chemistry/isolation & purification; Female; In Vitro; Kinetics; Kininogens/*blood/chemistry/isolation & purification; Male; Molecular Weight; Papain/antagonists & inhibitors; Snakes/*blood; Species Specificity Kininogens are the major mammalian plasma cysteine proteinase inhibitors; a kininogen-like protein was also found in the snake Bothrops jararaca plasma. This communication describes a kininogen-like protein in plasma of Caiman crocodilus vacare. Caiman crude plasma, unlike snake plasma, contains a detectable cysteine proteinase inhibitor. The inhibitor was purified by DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography and chromatography on carboxy-methylated-papain- Sepharose. The estimated molecular weight of Caiman cysteine proteinase inhibitor is 70,000. Caiman plasma also hydrolyzes plasma kallikrein synthetic substrates and inhibits trypsin. Reptilian kininogen may lack the site for interaction with plasma prokallikrein, and the sequence of the released kinin may be distinct from bradykinin. The poor effectiveness of bradykinin on reptile smooth muscle shows that the reptile kinin receptors may be adapted to a specific kinin. Journal Article Araújo, A. F. B 1991 Structure of a white sand-dune lizard community of coastal Brazil Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51 4 857-865 reptiles, habitat, community structure, morphometry Journal Article Arendt, D. L.;Arendt, D. B. 1992 Rescue operations for snakebite Am J Nurs 92 7 26-30 Book Section Argueta-V., Taxgaxoan;López-S., Carlos;Madera-R., Jesús A.;Martínez-C., Victor Hugo;Sarti-M., Laura;Torres-C., Quetzalcóatl;Villegas-R., Mónica 1992 Descripcion de las playas de anidación de tortugas marinas de las costa sur del estado de Michoacan Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 9-17 Sea turtles; Mexico; Lepidochelys olivacea; Dermochelys coriacea Journal Article Arnold, M. L.;Buckner, C. M.;Robinson, J. J. 1991 Pollen-mediated introgression and hybrid speciation in Louisiana irises Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 88 1398-1402 Journal Article Arsanto, J. P.;Caubit, X.;Fabbrizio, E.;Leger, J.;Mornet, D.;Thouveny, Y. 1992 Patterns of dystrophin expression in developing, adult and regenerating tail skeletal muscle of Amphibian urodeles Int J Dev Biol 36 4 555-65 Age Factors; Animal; Dystrophin/*analysis; Gene Expression Regulation; Immunohistochemistry; Larva/*metabolism; Muscles/*metabolism/ultrastructure; Regeneration; Salamandridae/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tail The patterns of expression of dystrophin were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence and by immunoblotting in developing, adult and regenerating tail skeletal muscle of newts Pleurodeles waltl and Notophthalmus viridescens. In this study, a monoclonal antibody H-5A3 directed against the C-terminal region (residues 3357-3660) and a polyclonal antibody raised to the central domain (residues 1173-1738) of the chicken skeletal muscle dystrophin were used. Western blot analysis showed that these antibodies recognized a 400 kDa band of dystrophin (and may be of dystrophin-related protein) in the adult muscle tissues and in newt tail regenerates. During skeletal muscle differentiation or epimorphic regeneration (blastema), anti-dystrophin immunoreactivity gradually accumulated over the periphery of the myofibers. Dystrophin and laminin were first and concomitantly observed at the ends of the newly formed myotubes where they were anchored on connective tissue septa or bone processes by dystrophin-rich myotendinous structures. It is noteworthy that neuromuscular junctions, which most probably also contain dystrophin, are established in urodeles near the ends of the myofibers as shown by histochemical localization of AChE activity or fluorescent bungarotoxin detection of AChRs. In the stump transition zone close to the tail amputation level where tissue regeneration of injured muscle fibers took place, dystrophin staining located on the cytoplasmic surface of myofibers progressively disappeared during the dedifferentiation process which seemed to occur during muscle regeneration as suggested by electron microscopy. Furthermore, double labeling experiments using anti- dystrophin and anti-laminin antibodies showed a good correlation between the remodeling processes of the muscle fiber basal lamina and the loss of dystrophin along the sarcolemma of damaged and presumably dedifferentiating muscle cells. Journal Article Arsanto, J. P.;Komorowski, T. E.;Dupin, F.;Caubit, X.;Diano, M.;Geraudie, J.;Carlson, B. M.;Thouveny, Y. 1992 Formation of the peripheral nervous system during tail regeneration in urodele amphibians: ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of the origin of the cells J Exp Zool 264 3 273-92 Animal; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism; Ganglia, Spinal/physiology; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism; Immunohistochemistry; Nerve Regeneration/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; Peripheral Nerves/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure; Schwann Cells/physiology; Spinal Cord/physiology; Spinal Nerve Roots/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tail/innervation/physiology In the regenerating newt tail, epimorphic regeneration--which recapitulates morphologically normal embryonic development--proceeds along a rostrocaudal differentiation gradient. Innervation of the new myomeres results from the spinal roots of segments rostral to the amputation plane and from ventral roots emerging from the lateroventral region of the regenerating spinal cord, in which motor neurons are differentiating. Electron microscopy and an indirect immunofluorescence study with anti-glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) confirm that the ventrolateral part of the regenerated ependymal tube gives rise to cells of the ventral root sheath and the spinal ganglia. Anti-GFAP and anti-neurofilament antibodies showed that ependymoglial cells and Schwann cells may play a role in neuronal pathfinding by helping guide and stabilize pioneering axons as they extend toward the myomeres. The carbohydrate epitope NC-1 is expressed in the spinal cord, in sheath cells of the spinal ganglia and in the non-myelin-forming Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. L1, a Ca++ independent neural cell adhesion molecule, was detected in the axonal compartments of the regenerating spinal cord, on immature and/or non-myelin-forming Schwann cells within the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and on nerve fibers within the regenerate. These immunohistochemical observations collectively support the hypothesis that Schwann cells already present in the blastema could be involved in organizing neural pathways. Book Section Asanza, E. 1992 Population dynamics, ecology and conservation of the black caiman, Melanosuchus niger in Ecuadorian Amazonia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 22-30 Journal Article Ashton, Ray E., Jr 1990 Necturus lewisi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 456 1-2 Book Ashton, R.E.;Jr.;Asthon, P. S. 1991 Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Part two: lizards, turtles and crocodilians, Revised edition edition Miami, FL Windward Publ. Inc. Journal Article Ashton, R.E.;Jr.;Ashton, K. J. 1991 Life history notes: Gopherus polyphemus (gopher tortoise). Drinking behavior Herpetol. Rev. 22 55-56 Journal Article Ashton, R.E.;Jr.;Mosura, E. L. 1991 Florida burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia floridana) usage of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows Fla. Sci. 54 Suppl. 1 25 Journal Article Astion, M. L.;Chvatal, A.;Orkand, R. K. 1991 Further studies of electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransport in glial cells of Necturus optic nerve: regulation of pHi Glia 4 5 461-8 Animal; Bicarbonates/pharmacology; Carrier Proteins/*physiology; Electrophysiology; Hydrogen/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus; Neuroglia/*metabolism; Optic Nerve/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. In the presence of Ba++, an increase in the bath HCO3- at constant CO2 (i.e., variable bath pH) produced a hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarizing effect of adding HCO3-/CO2 at constant bath pH was not significantly affected by the presence of 50 mumol/l strophanthidin. In the absence of Ba++, addition of HCO3-/CO2 at constant bath pH produced a Na(+)-dependent hyperpolarization. Therefore, CO2 movements, electrogenic Na+/K+ pump activity and changes in Ba++ binding do not contribute significantly to the hyperpolarization induced by HCO3-. These results along with the results of previous studies (Astion et al: J Gen Physiol 93:731, 1989) strongly suggest that the hyperpolarization induced by the addition of HCO3- is due to an electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, which transports Na+, HCO3- (or its equivalent), and net negative charge across the glial membrane. To study the role of electrogenic Na+/HCO3- cotransport in the regulation of pHi in glial cells, we used intracellular double-barreled, pH-sensitive microelectrodes. At a bath pH of 7.5, the mean initial intracellular pH (pHi) was 7.32 (SD 0.03, n = 6) in HEPES-buffered Ringer's solution and 7.39 (SD 0.1, n = 6) in HCO3-/CO2 buffered solution. These values for pHi are more than 1.2 pH units alkaline to the pHi predicted from a passive distribution of protons; thus, these cells actively regulate pHi. Superfusion and withdrawal of 15 mmol/l NH4+ induced an acidification of 0.2 to 0.3 pH units, which recovered toward the original steady-state pHi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Aswegen, G. van;Kotze, S.H.;van der Merwe, N.J. 1992 Bioactive peptides and serotonin in the gut endocrine cells of the crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti 1768); an immunocytochemical study Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 59 2 123-? endocrinology, biochemistry, CNL, Journal Article Ataev, Ch.;Homustenko, Yu.;Shammakov, S. 1991 The new data about distribution and quantity of some rare species of snakes in south-western Kopet-Dag Herpetological Researches 1 51-53 Coluber caspius; Coluber najadum; Eirenis medus; Olgodon taenilatus Journal Article Athey, B. D.;Smith, M. F.;Rankert, D. A.;Williams, S. P.;Langmore, J. P. 1990 The diameters of frozen-hydrated chromatin fibers increase with DNA linker length: evidence in support of variable diameter models for chromatin J Cell Biol 111 3 795-806 Animal; Chromatin/*ultrastructure; Comparative Study; Computer Simulation; DNA/ultrastructure; Echinodermata/*genetics; Erythrocytes/ultrastructure; Freezing; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Models, Molecular; Necturus/*genetics; Necturus maculosus/*genetics; Nucleosomes/ultrastructure; Sea Cucumbers/*genetics; Spermatozoa/ultrastructure; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The diameters of chromatin fibers from Thyone briareus (sea cucumber) sperm (DNA linker length, n = 87 bp) and Necturus maculosus (mudpuppy) erythrocytes (n = 48 bp) were investigated. Soluble fibers were frozen into vitrified aqueous solutions of physiological ionic strength (124 mM), imaged by cryo-EM, and measured interactively using quantitative computer image-processing techniques. Frozen-hydrated Thyone and Necturus fibers had significantly different mean diameters of 43.5 nm (SD = 4.2 nm; SEM = 0.61 nm) and 32.0 nm (SD = 3.0 nm; SEM = 0.36 nm), respectively. Evaluation of previously published EM data shows that the diameters of chromatin from a large number of sources are proportional to linker length. In addition, the inherent variability in fiber diameter suggests a relationship between fiber structure and the heterogeneity of linker length. The cryo-EM data were in quantitative agreement with space-filling double-helical crossed-linker models of Thyone and Necturus chromatin. The data, however, do not support solenoid or twisted-ribbon models for chromatin that specify a constant 30 nm diameter. To reconcile the concept of solenoidal packing with the data, we propose a variable-diameter solid-solenoid model with a fiber diameter that increases with linker length. In principle, each of the variable diameter models for chromatin can be reconciled with local variations in linker length. Book Atkinson, Kathie 1991 Treasure Island Sydney Allen & Unwin 32 Australia; Children's book Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter;Auffenberg, Troy 1990 The reptile tick Aponomma gervaisi (Acarina: Ixodidae) as a parasite of monitor lizards in Pakistan and India Bulletin of the Florida Museum Museum of Natural History, Biological Sciences 35 1 1-34 Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter;Khan, Naeem Ahmed 1991 Studies of Pakistan reptiles: Notes on Kachuga smithi Hamadryad 16 25-29 Kachuga smithi; Reproduction; Feeding Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter;Arain, Qayyum Nazar;Khurshid, Najam 1991 Preferred habitat, home range and movement patterns of Varanus bengalensis in Southern Pakistan Mertensiella 2 7-28 Varanidae; Varanus bengalensis; ecology; home range; Movement patterns; telemetry; Pakistan Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter;Rehman, Hafeezur 1991 Studies on Pakistan reptiles. Pt. 1. The genus Echis (Viperidae) Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 35 5 263-314 Echis; Pakistan Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter;Rehman, Hafeezur 1991 Studies on Pakistan reptiles Pt. 1. The genus Echis (Viperidae) Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences 35 5 263-314 Journal Article Austin, H.;Stadick, J. 1990 The effect of norethindrone on the Mullerian ducts of the female American alligator J> Colo.-Wyo. Acad. Sci. 22 1 38. (Abstract only.) AM, endocrinology, embryology, Book Section Austin, H.B. 1990 An investigation of the ontogeny of the Mullerian duct regreessor as well as the sensitive period in the American alligator Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 1-2 AM, embryology, reproduction, anatomy Journal Article Austin, S.M.;DiPietro, J.A.;Foreman, J.H.;Baker, G.J.;Todd, K.S. 1991 Comparison of the efficacy of ivermectin, oxibendazole and pyrantel pamoate against 28-day Parascaris equorum larvae in the intestine of pony foals JAVMA 198 11 1946-1949 mammalia, perissodactyla, equidae, Equus, parasitology, therapy Journal Article Austin, H.B. 1991 The effects of norethindrone on the Mullerian ducts of the American alligator Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 84 2 300-307 AM, biochemistry, embryology, reproduction, Norethindrone, a reported aromatase inhibitor, has been used to examine the role of estrogens in the unilateral regression of the mullerian ducts that occurs in female chick embryos. The mullerian ducts are embryonic oviducts that regress in most male vertebrates under the influence of the testicular hormone, mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). The ovaries of the chick also produce MIS during early development, but only the right duct regresses. Based on the finding that the left duct contains significantly more estradiol binding sites than the right duct, it has been proposed that the left duct is protected from the effects of MIS by preferentially binding estradiol from the ovaries. In support of this theory, norethindrone (0.1 and 0.5 mg) injected into the airsac of chick eggs results in regression of the left mullerian duct of female embryos, presumably by blocking the synthesis of estradiol. In the present study, it was hypothesized that crocodilians, because of the common ancestry they share with birds, would respond in a similar manner by exhibiting regression of both mullerian ducts in response to norethindrone. However, the application of norethindrone (0.5 mg) to the chorioallantoic membrane of female alligator embryos in ovo resulted in significant hypertrophy of the ducts, indicating that norethindrone had an estrogenic effect in the alligator rather than acting as an aromatase inhibitor. There was no effect of norethindrone on the gonads. Journal Article Auth, D. L. 1992 Farancia abacura abacura (eastern mud snake). Reproduction Herpetological Review 23 2 61 Farancia abacura, reproduction Book Section Avendano, G.;Baez, L.;Michelangeli, L. 1992 Effects of diets complemented with sodium L-thyroxine, white corn flower and a complement of vitamins and essential amino acids in Caiman Crocodilus growth Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 31-42 Journal Article Avery, R. A.;Mynott, A. 1990 The effects of temperature on prey handling time in the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara Amphibia-Reptilia 11 111-122 Journal Article Avery, R. A. 1990 Parasites and the biology of chelonians Testudo 3 2 3-8 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth Journal Article Avery, Bennett e.a. 1990 Surgery of reptiles AAZV 168-171 Reptilia, squamata, serpentes, p.o.care, celiotomy, shell fracture repair, cloacal organprolapse 100191 WS DW Journal Article Avery, Harold W. 1991 Role of diet protein and temperature in the nutritional energetics of the turtle, Trachemys scripta: Implications for the nutritional ecology of the desert tortoise [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 160 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Avery, Harold W. 1991 Upper respiratory tract disease and high adult death rates in western Mojave tortoise populations, 1989-1990 [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 281 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Avery, Harold W. 1992 Summer Food Habits of desert tortoises in Ivanpah Valley, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 60 Journal Article Avery, Harold W. 1992 Does 10-year exclusion of cattle improve condition of desert tortoise habitat? Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 59 Journal Article Avila, L. J.;Martori, R. 1991 La colección herpetológica de la Orientación Zoología de Vertebrados (Departamento de Ciencias Naturales) de la Universidad Nacioal de Río Cuarto Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 7 1 19-20 Journal Article Avila, L. J.;Martori, R. A. 1991 A unisexual species of Teius Merrem 1820 (Sauria Teiidae) from central Argentina Tropical Zoology 4 193-201 22, Teiidae, Teius, new species, Argentina, South America Journal Article Avila, Luciano J.;Cei, José M.;Martori, Ricardo A.;Acosta, Juan C. 1992 A new species of Liolaemus of the bibroni group from granitic ravines of Achiras, Sierra de Comechingones, Córdoba, Argentina (Reptilia: Tropiduridae) Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 10 1 101-111 Journal Article Avila, Luciano J.;Acosta, Juan C.;Martori, Ricardo A. 1992 Composición, variación anual y estacional de la dieta de Teius suquiensis (Sauria: Teiidae) en la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) Cuadernos de Herpetologica. 7 2 5-13 Journal Article Avise, J. C.;Bowen, B. W.;Lamb, T.;Meylan, A. B.;Bermingham, E. 1992 Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle's pace: evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines Mol Biol Evol 9 3 457-73 Evidence is compiled suggesting a slowdown in mean microevolutionary rate for turtle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Within each of six species or species complexes of Testudines, representing six genera and three taxonomic families, sequence divergence estimates derived from restriction assays are consistently lower than expectations based on either (a) the dates of particular geographic barriers with which significant mtDNA genetic clades appear associated or (b) the magnitudes of sequence divergence between mtDNA clades in nonturtle species that otherwise exhibit striking phylogeographic concordance with the genetic partitions in turtles. Magnitudes of the inferred rate slowdowns average eightfold relative to the "conventional" mtDNA clock calibration of 2%/Myr sequence divergence between higher animal lineages. Reasons for the postulated deceleration remain unknown, but two intriguing correlates are (a) the exceptionally long generation length most turtles and (b) turtles' low metabolic rate. Both factors have been suspected of influencing evolutionary rates in the DNA sequences of some other vertebrate groups. Uncertainities about the dates of cladogenetic events in these Testudines leave room for alternatives to the slowdown interpretation, but consistency in the direction of the inferred pattern, across several turtle species and evolutionary settings, suggests the need for caution in acceptance of a universal mtDNA-clock calibration for higher animals. Journal Article Avise, J. C.;Lamb, T.;Meylan, A. B.;Bermingham, E. 1992 Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle's pace: evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in the testudines Molecular Biology and Evolution 9 3 475-473 green; kemps; ridley; genetics Journal Article Axelsson, M.;Fritsche, R.;Holmgren, S.;Grove, D. J.;Nilsson, S. 1991 Gut blood flow in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus Acta Physiol. Scand. 142 4 509-16 CPR, physiology, anatomy, Simultaneous recordings of blood flow in the right and left aorta and carotid and coeliac artery were made in the crocodile, Crocodylus porosus at rest and during various stimuli. In resting animals the right aorta and carotid artery flow profiles resembled the recordings obtained in the caiman (Axelsson et al. 1989a), with an anterograde blood flow throughout the cardiac cycle. As in the caiman, the left aorta flow profile was complex with both anterograde and retrograde blood flow during the cardiac cycle, and a net left aorta blood flow near zero at rest. The coeliac artery blood flow profile did not show the complex pattern seen in the upper aorta, immediately suggesting that most of the coeliac artery blood originates elsewhere. We believe that coeliac artery blood flow in the resting animal derives from the right aorta via the abdominal anastomosis between the two aortas. Feeding induced an increase in the coeliac artery and left aorta blood flow, probably due to a decrease in visceral vascular resistance, and hence coeliac arterial and the left aorta blood pressure, which facilitates blood flow (from right to left aorta) through the foramen of Panizza. During short 'fright dives', heart rate fell and there was a decrease in the recorded blood flows: carotid artery blood flow did not decrease to the same extent as the RAo and coeliac artery flow, indicating some capacity for redistribution of blood to the cephalic circuits during diving. Similarly, a near-unimpaired carotid artery blood flow was maintained after adrenaline injection. Substance P increased the coeliac artery blood flow and produced a right-to-left cardiac shunt, probably by construction of the pulmonary vasculature. Journal Article Ayarzagüena, J.;Señaris, J. C.;Gorzula, S. 1992 El grupo Osteocephalus rodriguezi de las tierras altas de la Guayana Venezolana: Descripcion de cinco nuevas especies Memoria 137 113-142 Hylidae, Anura, systematics taxonomy, Venezuela, Tepuy, new species Journal Article Ayarzagüena, J.;Señaris, J. C.;Gorzula, S. 1992 Un nuevo genero para las especies del "grupo Osteocephalus rodriguezi" (Anura: Hylidae) Memoria 138 213-221 Tepuihyla, generic nomenclature, Guayana, Venezuela Journal Article Ayarzagüena, J. 1992 Los Centrolenidos de la Guayana Venezolana Publicaciones de la Asociacion de Amigos de Donana 1 December 6-48 Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenids, Centolenella, taxonomy, new species, descriptions Journal Article Ayarzagüena, José 1992 Los Centrolenidos de la Guayana Venezolana Publicaciones de la Asociacion de Amigos de Doñana 1 1-48 Journal Article Ayrea, J. M.;Bodmer, R. E.;Mittermeier, R. A. 1991 Financial considerations of reserve design in countries with high primate diversity Conservation Biology 5 1 109-114 Journal Article Azevedo-Ramos, C.;Sluys, M. Van;Hero, J.;Magnusson, W. E. 1992 Influence of tadpole movement on predation by odonate naiads Journal of Herpetology 26 3 335-338 Anura, survival time, activity Journal Article Azevedo-Ramos, C.;M. Van Sluys, J.-M. Hero;Magnusson., W. E. 1992 Influence of tadpole movements on predation by odonate naiads Journal of Herpetology 26 335-338 Journal Article Baard, Ernst H. W. 1992 Estimating the sizes of terrestrial tortoise populations: Two case studies Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40 57-59 Psammobates geometricus homopus areolatus survey density estimate Journal Article Baard, Ernst H. W. 1992 Dynamics of a geometric tortoise population in the southeastern Cape Province [extended abstract only] Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40 60 Psammobates geometricus natural history distribution Journal Article Baccari, G. C.;Minucci, S.;Dimatteo., L. 1990 Organogenesis of the Harderian gland in Rana esculenta and Bufo viridis Bollettino di Zoologia 57 221-224 Journal Article Baccari, G.C.;Dimatteo, L.;Minucci, S. 1992 The orbital glands of the chelonians Pseudemys scripta and Testudo graeca - comparative histological, histochemical and ultrastructural Investigations Journal of Anatomy 180 FEB 1-13 Reptilia, testudines, Pseudemys scripta and Testudo graeca , anatomy, orbital gland, histology, histochemy, EM GC Baccari,Via Tito Livio 26,I-80122 Naples, Italy Journal Article Backwell, Patricia R. Y. ;Passmore, Neville 1990 Polyandry in the leaf-folding frog, Afrixalus delicatus Herpetologica 46 1 7-10 Anura, Hyperoliidae, Afrixalus delicatus, polyandry, mating systems, nesting behavior, Africa, Zululand Journal Article Backwell, Patricia R.Y.;Passmore, Neville 1990 Suitable approach perches affect female phonotaxis in an arboreal frog Herpetologica 46 1 11-14 Anura, Hyperoliidae, Hyperolius marmoratus, calling, phonotaxis, perch sites, approach perches, Africa, S. Africa Journal Article Baig, Khalid Javed;Böhme, Wolfgang 1991 Callous scalation in female agamid lizards (Stellio group of Agama) and its functional implications Bonner Zoologische Beitr. 42 3-4 275-281 Journal Article Bailey, Robert C.;Byrnes, Janice 1990 A new, old method for assessing measurement error in both univariate and multivariate morphometric studies Systematic Zoology 39 2 124-130 Journal Article Bailey, Wendy J.;Slightom, Jerry L.;Goodman, Morris 1992 Rejection of the "flying primate" hypothesis by phylogenetic evidence from the e-globin gene Science 256 86-89 Journal Article BAILY, G.B.;DAY, D.B.;MCCOOMER, N.E. 1992 Entamoeba motility - Dynamics of cytoplasmic streaming, locomotion and translocation of surface-bound particles, and organization of the actin cytoskeleton in Entamoeba invadens Journal of Protozoology 39 2 267-272 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, Entamoeba invadens, Entamoeba motility Endnote 93/407, GB Bailey, Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30310 Journal Article Bakken, G.S. 1992 Measurement and Application of Operative and Standard Operative Temperatures in Ecology Am Zool 32 2 194-216 EVAPORATIVE WATER-LOSS; HEATED TAXIDERMIC MOUNTS; TURTLE PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; DEER MICE PEROMYSCUS; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR; BODY-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY-BALANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; SPACE UTILIZATION Journal Article Balasi, Michael J. 1991 Book Review: Crocodiles and Alligators Vivarium 3 4 26;30 Book Review Journal Article Ballinger, R. E.;Jones, S. M.;Nietfeldt, J. W. 1990 Patterns of resource use in a lizard community in the Nebraska sandhills prairie Prairie Naturalist 22 2 75-86 reptiles, lizards, Eumeces, Cnemidophorus, Holbrookia, Sceloporus, niche breadth, overlap, temperature, diet, microhabitat Journal Article Ballinger, R. E.;Coady, N. R.;Prokop, J. M.;Lemos-Espinal, J. A. 1992 Strike-induced chemosensory searching: variation among lizards Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 19 43-47 reptiles, lizards, chemical, tongue-flick, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, Barisia imbricata Journal Article Ballinger, R. E.;Holy, L.;Rowe, J. W.;Karst, F.;Ogg, C. L.;Stanley-Samuelson, D. W. 1992 Seasonal changes in lipid composition during the reproductive cycle of the red-chinned lizard, Sceloporus erythrocheilus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 103B 3 527-531 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, fat, Colorado, lipid extraction, cycle Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1991 Book Review: Field Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa and Reptiles of Southern Africa Vivarium 3 1 14;34 Book Review Book Balsai, Michael 1992 The General Care and Maintenance of Savannah Monitors and Other Popular Monitor Species Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 55 Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1992 Book Review: Komodo: The Living Dragon Vivarium 4 2 33-35 Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1992 Book Review: Giant Lizards Vivarium 4 3 30-31 Book Review Journal Article Banks, Chris;Leyden, David 1990 Further notes on captive breeding of Litoria infrafrenata (Anura: Hylidae) Herpetofauna 20 2 17-22 Litoria infrafrenata; Breeding Journal Article Bannert, B. 1992 Sarcocystis simonyi sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidea) from the endangered Hierro giant lizard Gallotia simonyi ( Reptilia: Lacertidae) Parasitol. Res. 78 142-145 Reptilia, sauria, Lacertidae, Hierro giant lizard,Gallotia simonyi, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, sarcocystidea, Sarcocystis simonyi sp. nov. Reprint Endnote 93/700 Conference Proceedings Banta, M.R.;Joanen, T;Weldon, P.J. 1992 Foraging responses by the American alligator to meat extracts 6 413-417 Journal Article Bantle, J. A.;J. N. Dumont, R. A. Finch;Linder., G. 1990 Atlas of abnormalities: a guide for the performance of FETAX United States Army Med. Res. Develop. Command Publ. DAMD17-88-c-8031. Journal Article Barbaro, G.L.;Henry, R.T. 1992 A note on captive maintenance of Cyclura nubila Iguana Times 1 4 16 Journal Article Barbian, A. 1992 Observations on the acclimation and feeding of Python regius (SHAW 1802). (Germ.) Beobachtungen bei der Eingewöhnung und Futterannahme bei Python regius (SHAW 1802) Sauria 14 1 9-10 Reptilia, serpentes, Python regius, nutrition, acclimation Journal Article Barco, S.G.;Pitchford, T.D. 1990 Field notes: Caretta caretta (Loggerhead sea turtle) and Lepidochelys kempi (Atlantic ridley sea turtle) Catesbeiana 10 1 19 Journal Article Barczyk, Brian H. 1992 Jungle carpet pythons Captive Breeding 1 1 24-25 Morelia spilota Journal Article Bard, A.M.;I.J. Stout, T.J. Doonan 1990 Resident and relocated tortoises: a comparative study in central Florida, 1985-1989 Fla. Sci. 53 Suppl. 1 35 Journal Article Barinaga, M. 1990 Where have all the froggies gone? Science 247 1033-1034 Journal Article Barker, David;Barker, Tracy 1991 One of a kind Vivarium 2 6 32-33 Journal Article Barker, Tracy M. 1991 Digging iguanas Zoo Life 2 1 16-22 Iguana iguana Journal Article Barker, Tracy 1991 Digging Iguanas Zoo Life 2 1 16-22 Book Section Barker, David G. 1992 Variation, infraspecific relationships and biogeography of the ridgenose rattlenskae, Crotalus willardi Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 89-105 evolution systematics Journal Article Barkhauser, A. 1991 Die Schlingnatter macht sich dünn; ohne Lebensraum kein Leben Ch-fo 17-20 Book Section Barragán-R., Ana Rebeca;López-S., Carlos;Mata-R., Martín;Quintana-N., Anabella;Santos-A., Elba Luz;Sarti-M., Laura 1992 Estudio de los contenidos estomacales de Lepidochelys olivacea en las costa dur del Estado de Michoacan, Mexico Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 39-50 Sea turtles; Lepidochelys olivacea; Diet Journal Article Barral Netto, M.;Schriefer, A.;Barral, A.;Almeida, A. R.;Mangabeira, A. 1991 Serum levels of bothropic venom in patients without antivenom intervention Am J Trop Med Hyg 45 6 751-4 Serum kinetics of bothropic venom were evaluated in eight snakebite patients, who due to a national shortage, received no specific antivenom therapy. The cases were clinically classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Patients were bled sequentially and serum levels of venom were assayed by ELISA. Venom level ranges differed among the groups, with peak levels of less than 13 ng/ml, 32 ng/ml, and 120 ng/ml for the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was no clear pattern of kinetics in the groups. Regression analysis involving the variables severity and peak venom levels yielded a statistically significant correlation (rs = 0.80, P less than 0.05). These data indicate that different amounts of circulating venom correlate with clinical severity, even in highly complex venoms, and stress the importance of careful clinical classification in the proper management of bothropic incidents. Journal Article Barrentine, Carl D. 1991 Food habits of western toads (Bufo boreas halophilus) foraging from a residential lawn Herpetological Review 22 3 84-87 Journal Article Barrentine, Carl D. 1991 Survival of billbugs (Shenophorus spp.) egested by western toads (Bufo boreas) Herpetological Review 22 1 5 Journal Article Barrentine, Carl D. 1991 Post-egestive survival of Sphenophorus phoeniciensis Chittenden (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) egested by western toads Pan-Pacific Entomologist 67 2 135-137 bufo boreas Journal Article Barrett, Sheryl L.;Harper, Susan D.;Humphrey, Jeffrey A. 1991 Desert tortoise and gila monster reintroduction along the central arizona project: Preliminary report Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 54-56 gopherus agassizii heloderma suspectum Journal Article Barrett, Sheryl L.;Harper, Susan D. 1991 Desert tortoise and gila monster reintroductions along the central Arizona project [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 161 Gopherus agassizii heloderma suspectum Journal Article Barthalmus, G. T.;Meadows, K. B. 1990 SCH 23390: D-1 modulation of oral dyskinesias induced in snakes by Xenopus skin mucus Pharmacol Biochem Behav 36 4 843-6 Animal; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/*drug therapy/physiopathology; Haloperidol/pharmacology; Mucus/physiology; Receptors, Dopamine/*drug effects; Sch-23390/*pharmacology; Skin/physiology; Skin Physiology; Snakes/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tongue/drug effects; Xenopus/*physiology; Yawning/drug effects The granular gland skin secretion of Xenopus laevis induces seven involuntary oral dyskinesias and climbing behavior in the water snake Nerodia sipedon. In a previous study the D-2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol (HAL), selectively potentiated mucus-induced yawning and chewing but attenuated fixed gaping; other oral behaviors were unaffected; HAL alone induced no dyskinesias and failed to modify mucus- induced decreases in tongue flicking, cage climbing and activity. As skin compounds have neuroleptic properties known to induce human and animal dyskinesias, we hypothesized that D-1 receptor antagonism may modulate the four of seven mucus-induced dyskinesias and the climbing not altered by HAL. We found that, like HAL, SCH 23390 (SCH) potentiated mucus-induced yawning, attenuated fixed gaping and had no effect on climbing. Unlike HAL's potentiation of chewing, SCH attenuated chewing and potentiated writhing tongue movements. SCH alone, like skin mucus, attenuated tongue flicking and activity but, given with mucus, SCH increased tongue flicking and activity to control levels. Compared to the HAL study, results suggest that mucus-induced yawning and fixed gaping are similarly modulated by both HAL and SCH, while these drugs have opposite effects on writhing tongue and chewing. SCH given alone or with frog mucus had unique effects on activity and normal tongue flicking. Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Identification of Utah's spiny lizards (Genus Sceloporus) Intermontanus 1 5 2 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Dicephalic wandering garter snakes Intermontanus 1 5 3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Rosy boa care and where to buy animals Intermontanus 1 4 2-3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Common and scientific names of the amphibians and reptiles of Utah Intermontanus 1 3 2-3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis (Kennicott 1860), western blackneck gartersnake, in Utah Intermontanus 1 3 2 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Utah night lizard, Xantusia vigilis utahensis, Tanner Intermontanus 1 2 3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Scientific nomenclature of Utah amphibians and reptiles Intermontanus 1 1 2 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Inexpensive ways to incubate reptile eggs Intermontanus 1 1 2-3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 addenda to State Law R608-3 Collection, Importation, Transportation, and subsequent Possession of Zoological Animals Intermontanus 1 1 3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Callisaurus draconoides rhodostictus (Mojave zebratail lizard) Behavior Intermontanus 1 1 3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 [letter to] In search of neonates Amateur Herpetoculturist 1 5 16-19 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck D.;Coffeen, Michael P. 1992 The desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in St. George Valley: Introduced or Native? Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 109 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1992 Photographing herps: Is Kodachrome really the best film to use? Vivarium 4 3 23-25 Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1991 Hot days, dry nights, and Pine Barrens treefrogs Vivarium 3 1 24-26;29 Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1992 Our search for Petraeus: A newly described Plethodon Notes From NOAH 20 3 5-12 Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1992 Pygmies afield: Reflections on herping for the red pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus m. miliarius) Vivarium 3 5 16-18 Sistrurus miliarius Edited Book Barus, Vlastimil;Oliva, Ota 1992 Plazi - Reptilia [Fauna of the Czech Republic: Reptilia] Prague Nakladatelstvi Ceskoslovenske akademie ved 222 + 8 plates Edited Book Barus, Vlastimil;Oliva, Ota 1992 Plazi - Amphibia [Fauna of the Czech Republic: Amphibia] Prague Nakladatelstvi Ceskoslovenske akademie ved 338 + 12 plates Journal Article Basso, N. G.;Kehr, A. I. 1991 Postmetamorphic growth and population structure of the frog Leptodactylus latinasus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 26 1 39-44 Amphibia, reproductive maturity Journal Article Basso, N. G.;Kehr, A. I. 1992 Estructura poblacional y crecimiento de Hyla pulchella pulchella (Anura: Hylidae) Acta Zool. Lilloana 41 143-148 population structure, activity patterns, growth, Hylidae, Amphibia Journal Article Batistoni, Renata;Nardi, Irma;Rebecchi, Lorena;Nardone, Maria;Demartis, Anna 1991 A centromeric satellite DNA in the European plethodontid salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela) Genome 34 1007-1012 Amphibia, Urodela, Speleomantes genei, Speleomantes supramontis, Speleomantes italicus italicus, Speleomantes italicus gormani, Speleomantes ambrosii ambrosii, Speleomantes imperialis, Speleomantes flavus, Desmognatusu fuscus, Triturus, DNA, Italy, Sardinia Journal Article Batta, A. K.;Salen, G.;Arora, R.;Shefer, S.;Batta, M. 1991 High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of bile acids and bile alcohols diastereoisomeric at C-25 J Chromatogr 542 1 184-8 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Bile/*chemistry; Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry/*isolation & purification; Cholestanols/chemistry/*isolation & purification; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods; Stereoisomerism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the 25R and 25S diastereoisomers of the bile alcohols 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,26-triol and 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha, 12 alpha, 26- tetrol and the bile acids, 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestane- 26-oic acid and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestane- 26-oic acid is described. A Radial-Pak microBondapak C18 reversed-phase cartridge was used for the separations and elutions were carried out with acetonitrile-water-methanol-acetic acid mixtures. All eight diastereoisomeric compounds showed baseline separation when up to 200 micrograms of the isomeric mixtures were injected into the column and the method can be used for isolation of pure diastereoisomers of these bile acids and bile alcohols. Journal Article Batta, A. K.;Mirchandani, R.;Salen, G.;Shefer, S. 1992 Synthesis of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid from 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid: configuration in the bile of Alligator mississippiensis Steroids 57 4 162-6 Acetylation; Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Animal; Bile/*chemistry; Cholestanols/*chemistry/*chemical synthesis/isolation & purification; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Mass Fragmentography; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Stereoisomerism; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Synthesis of 25R- and 25S-diastereoisomers of 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy- 5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid from 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid is described. The 25S-diastereoisomer of 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan- 26-oic acid was obtained by vigorous hydrolysis of the bile of Alligator mississippiensis followed by repeated crystallization of the hydrolysate, and the 25R-diastereoisomer was isolated by hydrolysis of the bile salts in bile of A mississippiensis with rat feces. Acetylation of the 25R- or 25S-diastereoisomer of methyl 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid under controlled conditions yielded the corresponding 3 alpha,7 alpha-diacetate in approximately 70% yield. The diacetate was quantitatively oxidized to methyl 3 alpha,7 alpha-diacetoxy-12-oxo-5 beta-cholestan-26-oate, which was converted into the 12-tosylhydrazone in approximately 58% yield. Reduction of the tosylhydrazone with sodium borohydride in acetic acid yielded the 25R- or the 25S-diastereoisomer of 3 alpha,7 alpha- dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid as the major product. Purification via column chromatography yielded the pure diastereoisomers in approximately 25% overall yield. The two diastereoisomers were resolved on thin-layer chromatography and high- performance liquid chromatography. When the bile of A mississippiensis was hydrolyzed with rat fecal bacteria, the 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid isolated via chromatographic purification was shown to be the 25R-diastereoisomer. Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1990 Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of the Carphodactylini (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Bonner Zoologische Monographien 30 1-218 Carphodactylini; Gekkonidae; Biogeography; Phylogeny; Systematics; Key; Distribution; Australia; New Zealand; New Caledonia; Bavayia; Carphodactylus; Eurydactylodes; Hoplodactylus; Naultinus; Nephrurus; Phyllurus; Rhacodactylus Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P.;Dollahon, N. R. 1990 Skin folds in the gekkonid lizard genus Rhacodactylus: a natural test of the damage limitation hypothesis of mite pocket function. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68 6 1196-1201 Reptiles, sauria, lizard, gekkonidae, infection, ectoparasites, acari host-parasite-relationship, ecology, trombiculidae, Rhacodactylus auriculatus, R. sarasinorum, R. chahoua, R. leachianus The hypothesis that lizard mite pockets have evolved as a host response to limit damage by ectoparasites is tested. Evidence from the New Caledonian geckos of the genus Rhacodactylus does not support the hypothesis. Putative pockets in the popliteal position were present in all taxa examined, but are infested by trombiculid chiggers only in R. auriculatus, a partially terrestrial species. Tissue damage results from the formation of a stylostome within the host pocket. No mechanisms for host amelioration of parasite effect are evident. At least in Rhacodactylus, chiggers appear to facultatively exploit skin folds or pockets, which may have evolved and been maintained as a result of selective forces unrelated to ectoparasite damage limitation. Book Section Bauer, Aaron M. 1990 Phylogeny and biogeography of the geckos of southern Africa and the islands of the western Indian Ocean: A preliminary analysis Peters, G. and Hutterer, R. Vertebrates in the Tropics Bonn Museum Alexander Koenig 275-284 Gekkonidae, phylogeny, biogeography, southern Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Vindum, Jens V. 1990 A checklist and key to the herpetofauna of New Caledonia, with remarks on biogeography Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 47 2 17-45 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P.;Shadwick, R. E. 1990 Skin mechanics and morphology of the gecko Sphaerodactylus roosevelti American Zoologist 30 4 570 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1990 Recent advances in the search for the living giant gecko of New Zealand Cryptozoology 9 66-73 Hoplodactylus delcourti Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1990 Gekkonid lizards as prey of invertebrates and predators of vertebrates Herp Review 21 4 83-87 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1990 Dentitional diversity in Rhacodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 311-321 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1990 Alternative digital scansor design in the New Caledonian Gekkonid genera Bavayia and Eurydactylodes Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 299-310 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron;Günther, Rainer 1991 An annotated type catalogue of the geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in the Zoological Musuem, Berlin Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 67 2 279-310 Reptilia, Gekkonidae, catalogue of types, Zoological Museum, Berlin Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1991 The maximum size of giant geckos: A cautionary tale Bull. chicago Herp. Soc. 26 2 25-26 Eublepharis ensafi, Hoplodactylus delcourti Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1991 New reptile records for the little karoo J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 39 18 Mabuya sulcata sulcata, Pachydactylus serval purcelli Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Branch, William R. 1991 Notes on Pachydactylus fasciatus, a poorly known gecko from northern Namibia J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 39 1-5, 18 Pachydactylus fasciatus has remained a poorly known gecko, and since its description in 1888 only 15 specimens have been collected. Based on a series of 20 additional speciemns collected by the authors from northern Damarland, Namibia, notes on the taxonomic history, the status of the syntypes, the habitat preference, biology, and distribution of the species are given. A complete synomymy for the species is presented, and a lectotype is designated. Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P 1991 Pedal specialisations in dune-dwelling geckos Journal of Arid Environments 20 43-62 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Günther, Rainer 1992 A preliminary report on the reptile fauna of the Kingdom of Bhutan with the description of a new species of scincid lizard (Reptilia: Scincidae) Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 23-36 Mabuya Himalayas biogeography zoogeography taxonomy sp. nov. quadratilobus gavialis gangeticus calotes bhutanensis versicolor japalura variegata hemidactylus brookii frenatus platyurus sikkimensis sphenomorphus indicus maculatus varanus bengalensis ramphotyphlops braminus python molurus amphiesma platyceps stolata boiga ochracea pseudoxenodon macrops trachischium guentheri xenochrophis piscator zaocys nigromarginatus bungarus niger ophiophagus hannah Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Sadlier, R. A. 1992 The use of mouse glue traps to capture lizards Herpetological Review 23 4 112-113 techniques, sticky traps, surveying, methods, reptiles Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1992 Herpetofaunal patters in the Kamanjab district and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 37 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Reneveir, Alain;Sadlier, Ross A. 1992 Caledoniscincus austrocaledonicus (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Ile Surprise, D'Entrecasteaux Reefs, New Caledonia Pacific Science 46 1 86-89 The common, endemic New Caledonian skink Caledoniscincus austrocaledonicus is reported for the first time from the far north of the territory, specifically from Ile Surprise in the D'Entrecateaux Reefs. The herpetofauna of Ile Surprise is characteristic of littoral habitats in mainland New Caledonia. The overwater transport of C. austrocaledonicus. like that of C. atropunctatus, which occurs in Vanuatu as well as New Caledonia, has probably been relatively recent. Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1992 Atlas da repartition des batraciens at reptiles de Corse Herpetological Review 23 4 127 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1992 Bibliographie herpetologischer bibliographien II. Amphibia, Reptilia Herpetological Review 23 3 93-94 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Dougherty, John;Russell, Anthony P. 1992 Vocalizations of the New Caledonian giant gecko, Rhacodactylus leachianus Amphibia-Reptilia 13 412-417 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Vindum, Jens V.;Drewes, Robert C. 1992 A summary of African holdings and African research of the Department of Herpetology, California Academy of Sciences J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 41 10-13 African holdings of amphibians and reptiles in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences comprise 21058 specimens in 38 families from 49 countries. A bibliography of publications on African herpetology by CAS staff and associates is appended. Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1992 Regional integumentary loss as an escape strategy in island gekkonid lizards Proc. Sixth Ord. Gen. Meet. S. E. H. 69-71 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Günther, Rainer 1992 A preliminary report on the reptile fauna of the kingdom of Bhutan with the description of a new species of scincid lizard (Reptilia: Scincidae) Asiatic Herpetologic Research 4 23-36 The herpetofauna of the Kingdom of Bhutan has been poorly studied and few collections of Bhutanese reptiles have been made. Reptiles collected by the 1972 expedition of the Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (Switzerland) are presented as a basis for a preliminary species list for this eastern Himalayan country. Specimens representing seven families and 18 species were examined. Included is a new species of scincid lizard of the genus Mabuya. An additional five species have been reported from Bhutan and numerous other taxa are known from adjacent regions of Sikkim and Assam. Most of the fauna is pan-oriental in derivation and is widespread to the east, west, and south. A number of species, however, are primarily Indo-Chinese in their affinities and extended only as far west as Nepal. Collections from eastern Bhutan and from elevations over 1500 m are particularly small and additional field work will be required to provide a complete picture of the reptiles of the country. Journal Article Bauer, Wolfgang J. 1992 A contribution to the morphology of the M. interhyoideus posterior (VII) of Urodele Amphibia Zool. Jb. Anat. 122 129-139 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P.;Shadwick, Robert E. 1992 Skin mechanics and morphology in Spaherodactylus roosevelti (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Herpetologica 48 1 124-133 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Doherty, John;Russell, Anthony P. 1992 Vocalizations of the New Caledonian giant gecko, Rhacodactylus leachianus Amphibia-Reptilia 13 412-417 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Renevier, Alain;Sadlier, Ross A. 1992 Caledoniscincus austrocaledonicus (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Ile Surprise, D.Entrecasteaux Reefs, New Caledonia Pacific Science 46 1 86-89 Journal Article Bauwens, D.;Castilla, A. M.;Damme, R. Van;Verheyen, R. F. 1990 Field body temperature and thermoregulatory behavior of the high altitude lizard Lacerta bedriagae Journal of Herpetology 24 1 88-91 reptiles, lizards, thermal, microhabitat, Journal Article Bauwens, Dirk;Castilla, Aurora M.;Damme, Raoul Van;Rudolf 1990 Field body temperatures and thermoregulatory behavior of the high altitiude lizard, Lacerta bedriagae Journal of Herpetology 24 1 88-91 thermal biology, thermoregulation, mountains Journal Article Baverstock, P. R.;Donnellan, S. C. 1990 Molecular evolution in Australian dragons and skinks: a progress report Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 323-331 Book Section Bayliss, P. 1990 The population dynamics of estuarine crocodiles II Experimental management in Weipa, North Queensland Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 45-76 Book Section Bayliss, P.;Messel, H. 1990 The population dynamics of estuarine crocodiles I An assessment of long-term census data Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 1-44 Journal Article Bea, A.;Guillaume, C. P.;Arrayago, M. J.;Heulin, B.;Pasteur, G. 1990 Phenotypes enzymatiques du lezard vivipare (Lacerta (Zootoca) vivipara Jacq.): premieres donnees comparatives entre populations ovipares et vivipares C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 310 3 237-243 Reptiles, lizards, viviparous, enzymatic phenotypes, oviparous, comparative, genetic data, France, genetic distance Journal Article Bea, A.;Braña, F.;Baron, Jean-Pierre;Saint Girons, Hubert 1992 Régimes et cycles alimentaires des vipères Européennes (reptilia, Viperidae): Étude comparée Année Biologique 31 1 25-44 Journal Article Beachy, Christopher King;Bruce, Richard C. 1992 Lunglessness in plethodontid salamanders is consistent with the hypothesis of a mountain stream origin: a response to Ruben and Boucot American Naturalist 139 4 839-847 Edited Book Beaman, Kent R.;Caporaso, Fred;McKeown, Sean;Graff, Marc D. 1991 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Turtles & Tortoises: Conservation and Captive Husbandry Van Nuys, CA California Turtle & Tortoise Club 171 Journal Article Beane, Jeff 1992 In the spotlight: The North Carolina Herpetological Society Vivarium 3 5 30 Journal Article Beattie, R. C.;Tylerjones, R.;Baxter, M. J. 1992 The effects of pH, aluminium concentration and temperature on the embryonic development of the european common frog, Rana temporaria J Zool Amphibia, anura, european common frog, Rana temporaria, pH, aluminium, temperature, embryo, development The individual and combined effects of pH, aluminium concentration and temperature, on the development of common frog (Rana temporaria) embryos from an upland area of northern England, were investigated in a controlled laboratory study. There was strong evidence to suggest that embryonic survival was lower at pH 4.5 compared with pH 6.0. At pH 4.5, embryonic survival was reduced at the highest aluminium concentrations. There was no strong evidence for a reduction in embryonic survival at lower aluminium concentrations. Gastrulation and hatching appeared to be the most sensitive stages to both pH and aluminium concentration. There was strong evidence to suggest that temperature- shocked embryos had reduced survival when compared with those kept at a constant temperature, particularly at pH 4.5. There was substantial variation in the survival of embryos from different clutches in the same pond with respect to low pH, aluminium concentration and temperatures. Thus R. temporaria has a wide genetic base from which to tolerate environmental changes. It is suggested, however, that the lethal and sublethal effects of low pH, high aluminium concentration and low temperature, could lead to a decrease in recruitment to the adult populations of R. temporaria in upland, northern England. Journal Article Beattie, R. C.;Tylerjones, R. 1992 The effects of low pH and aluminum on breeding success in the frog Rana temporaria J Herpetol 26 4 353-360 Amphibia, anura, frog, Rana temporaria, environment, pH, aluminum, breeding The effects of low pH on fertilization and embryonic development in Rana temporaria (L.) were studied in the laboratory and field. In the field, fertilization success was reduced principally by high concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum, while embryonic mortality was caused mainly by low water temperatures. Most dead eggs were at the mid to late cleavage or early gastrula stage. In the laboratory, embryonic survival decreased with increasing inorganic monomeric aluminum concentration at pH 4.5. High concentrations of inorganic monomeric aluminum also increased the number of embryos which died in the early stages of development, and increased the proportion of embryos which remained constricted within the perivitelline membrane and failed to hatch. The body length of surviving larvae was decreased by both increasing aluminum concentrations and low pH. In acidic water, the body length of larvae from parents caught in an acidic pond in Northumberland was decreased less than that of larvae from parents caught in a circumneutral pond in Nottinghamshire. In both the laboratory and the field, most embryonic abnormalities were associated with the incomplete absorption of the yolk-plug during gastrulation. High inorganic monomeric aluminum concentration was the principal factor associated with this type of abnormality, although in the laboratory this abnormality also occurred at pH 4.5 in the absence of aluminum. Liming of acidic ponds can increase fertilization success and the survival of R. temporaria embryos. Journal Article Bechtel, H. Bernard 1991 Inherited color defects: Comparison between humans and snakes International Journal of Dermatology 30 4 243-246 Journal Article Beck, D. D. 1990 Ecology and behavior of the gila monster in southwestern Utah Journal of Herpetology 24 1 54-68 103, Heloderma, gila, behavior, Utah, lizard Journal Article Beck, Daniel D. 1990 Ecology and Behavior of the Gila Monster in Southwestern Utah Journal of Herpetology 24 1 54-68 Heloderma, suspectum, diet, themoregulation Thesis Beck, Daniel D. 1991 Physiological and behavioral consequences of reptilian life in the slow lane: ecology of beaded lizards and rattlesnakes Journal Article Beck, D. D.;Ramirez-Bautista, A. 1991 Combat behavior of the beaded lizard, Heloderma h. horridum, in Jalisco, Mexico Journal of Herpetology 25 4 481-484 100, Heloderma, lizard, Mexico, Jalisco, tropics, combat, behavior Journal Article Beck, D. D.;Lowe, C. H. 1991 Ecology of the beaded lizard, Heloderma horridum, in a tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico Journal of Herpetology 25 4 395-406 99, Heloderma, lizard, Mexico, Jalisco, tropics Journal Article Becker, Hans Otto 1991 Lung morphology of Varanus yemenensis Böhme, Joger & Schätti, 1989, and its bearing on the systematics of the Afro-Asian monitor radiation Mertensiella 2 29-37 Varanus yemenensis; lung morphology, systematics Book Section Beçak, M. Luiza;Rabello-Gay, M. Nazareth;Beçak, W.;Soma, M.;Batistic, Radenka F.;Trajtengertz, Isa 1990 The W chromosome during the evolution and in sex abnormalities of snakes. DNA content, C-banding Olmo, E. Cytogenetics of Amphibians and Reptiles Basel Birkhäuser 221-240 Journal Article Bedford, Gavin 1991 Additional nocturnal sightings of three species of dragon lizard in Northern Australia Herpetofauna 21 2 30 Diporiphora magna; Diporiphora bilineata; Gemmatophora gilberti Journal Article Bedford, Gavin 1991 Record of road kill predation by the fresh water snake (Tropidonophis mairii) Herpetofauna 21 2 35-36 Tropidonophis mairii Journal Article Bedford, Gavin 1991 Two records of road kill predation by mulga snakes (Pseudechis australis) Herpetofauna 21 2 39-40 Pseudechis australis Journal Article Bedford, Gavin 1992 Notes on the incubation and hatching of the black whip snake (Demansia atra) Herpetofauna 22 1 24-25 Demansia atra Journal Article Beebee, T. J. C. 1991 Purification of an agent causing growth inhibition in anuran larvae and its identification as a unicellular unpigmented alga Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 2146-2153 Journal Article Beebee, T. J. C.;Wong., L.-C. 1992 Leucine uptake by enterobacterial and algal members of larval anuran gut flora Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 101B 527-530 Journal Article Beebee, T. J. C.;Wong., L.-C. 1992 Prototheca-mediated interference competition between anuran larvae operates by resource diversion Physiological Zoology 65 815-831 Thesis Beerli, P. 1990 Untersuchugen zum Rana esculenta-komplex Journal Article Begun, D. J.;Collins, J. P. 1992 Biochemical plasticity in the Arizona tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum) Journal of Heredity 83 3 224-227 Journal Article Behler, J.L. 1992-1994 Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) AZA Ann. Report on Conservation and Science AS, conservation, Journal Article Behlert, O.;Jes, H. 1991 Experiences with individual marking of reptiles with the aid of the electronic indentification system EURO i.D. 4th Int. Colloq. on pathology and medicine of reptiles and amphibians. Bad Nauheim 27.-29.1991 Publ.German veterinary Association 328-330 Reptilia, transponder, scan, identification 120 individuals from 18 species were marked on the left side (international standard) in the neck about 3-4 cm caudal of the head. This includes tortoises, crocodiles, lizards and snakes. The technique is quick, simple and non-stressing to the animals. Positive experinces were made regarding the toleration and fixation in the tissues. No adverse affects in the form of abscessation or even inflammation were seen. Book Section Behra, O. 1990 Impact of legal protection of crocodiles in Madagascar Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 6-7 Book Section Behra, O. 1990 Sex ratio of African dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) Cope, 1861) exploited for food in Congo Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 3-5 OT, utilization, demography, Africa Book Section Behra, O.;Ramandimbison 1992 The involvement of rural communities in the crocodile ranching programme in Madagascar Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 43-54 Book Section Belcheva, R. G.;Sofianidou, Th. S. 1990 Kariological investigation of the brown frogs species (Anura - Ranidae) from Bulgaria and Greece Olmo, E. Cytogenetics of Amphibians and Reptiles Basel Birkhäuser 141-146 Book Belkovets, L. P. 1990 Johann Georg Gmelin 1709-1755 Moscow 144 p. Journal Article Bell, Dana 1991 A mixture of volunteers: Cooperative efforts to protect the desert tortoise in California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 57-58 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Belleville, S.;Beauchemin, M.;Tremblay, M.;Noiseux, N.;Savard, P. 1992 Homeobox-containing genes in the newt are organized in clusters similar to other vertebrates Gene 114 2 179-86 Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Dna; DNA Probes; *Genes, Homeobox; Genomic Library; Human; Molecular Sequence Data; *Multigene Family; Salamandridae/*genetics; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vertebrates/genetics In vertebrates, the majority of homeobox (HBox) genes are found in four clusters and this structural organization is believed to be of functional importance. Many HBox genes sustain their expression in the appendages of the adult newt. To further understand their regulation, the genomic loci of four newt HBox genes (two from the human HBox (HOX)- 2 complex and two from the HOX-3 complex) were analysed and compared with homologous loci in other vertebrates. Notophthalmus viridescens HBox (NvHBox) genes were selected from a lambda EMBL3 library and analysed by restriction mapping and nucleotide (nt) sequencing. The nt sequences of the NvHBox genes have a very high degree of homology (more than 90%) with the human and mouse HBox genes, HOX-3.3, HOX-3.4, HOX- 2.7 and HOX-2.8. The sequences flanking the HBox are also very homologous to their human and mouse counterparts. Moreover, the size of the DNA spacer separating NvHBox-3.3 from NvHBox-3.4, and NvHBox-2.7 from NvHBox-2.8 in the newt is similar in the homologous regions of the mouse and human, despite there being a C value ten times greater in the newt genome. Finally, three of these NvHBox genes are expressed in the limbs of the adult newt. Journal Article Bels, V. L. 1990 Quantitative analysis of prey-capture kinematics in Anolis equestris (Reptilia: Iguanidae) Canadian Journal of Zoology 68 2192-2198 Reptiles, lizards, anoles, prey capture, feeding, kinematics, mechanics, gape Journal Article Bels, V. L.;Goosse, V. 1990 Comparative kinematic analysis of prey capture in Anolis carolinensis (Iguania) and Lacerta viridis (Scleroglossa) Journal of Experimental Zoology 255 120-124 Reotiles, lizards, feeding, jaw movements, gape, time, consumption Edited Book Beltrán, Enrique;Cervantes, Aurora Jáuregui de;Arvea, Rafael Cruz 1990 Alfredo Dugés Guanajuato Ediciones la Rana 260 p. Journal Article Beltz, Ellin 1990 Herp news from around the world Vivarium 2 5 5 Journal Article Beltz, Ellin 1991 In the spotlight: Chicago Herpetological Society Vivarium 2 6 15 Journal Article Beltz, Ellin 1991 Herp news from around the world Vivarium 2 6 5-6;18 Journal Article Beltz, Ellin 1992 Herp news from around the world Vivarium 3 5 5-6 Journal Article Ben-Yakir, Sagiv 1990 Diseases in reptiles caused by algae, fungi and viruses Hardun 5 57-64;79 disease Journal Article Benabib, Miriam 1991 Book review: FAO Species catalogue. Vol. 11: Sea Turtles of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Sea Turtle Species Known to date Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 3 2 41-43 Book Review Journal Article Benabib, Miriam;Congdon, Justin D. 1992 Metabolic and water-flux rates of free-ranging tropical lizards Sceloporus variabilis Physiological Zoology 65 4 788-802 Edited Book Benabib, Miriam;Sarti, Laura 1992 Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 96 Sea turtles Book Section Benabib, Miriam 1992 Posibles lineas de investigacion sobre tortugas marinas en Mexico Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 51-58 Sea turtles Journal Article Bennett, William A. 1990 Scale of investigation and the detection of competition: An example from the house sparrow and house finch introductions in North America American Naturalist 135 6 725-747 Journal Article Bennett, R.A. 1990 Anaerobic bacterial infections in reptiles J. Zoo & Wildl. Med. 21 2 180-184 Reptilia, sauria, testudines, serpentes, infection, bacteria, anaerobes Reprint Vet. Path 91/119 Anaerobes were isolated from 54% of 39 specimens yielding bacterial growth. Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Clostridium and Peptostreptococcus were most frequently isolated fom subcutaneous and internal abscesses. Isolates were most sensitive to metronidazole (100 %). Aminoglycosides have no efficacy against anaerobic bacteria Journal Article Bennett, R. Avery 1991 A review of anesthesia and chemical restraint in reptiles Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 22 3 282-303 treatment surgery anatomy physiology Journal Article BENNETT, R.A. 1991 A review of anesthesia and chemical restraint in reptiles. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 22 282-203 Reptilia, serpentes, anesthesia Journal Article Bennett, R.A. 1991 A review of anesthesia and chemical restraint in reptiles. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 22 3 282-303 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, chelonia, narcosis, The anatomy, physiology, and response of reptiles to various chemical immobilization agents often differs from the mammalian response. A review of anatomy and physiology of reptiles as it pertains to anesthesia is presented. Pre- and post anesthetic management are discussed The response of various reptiles to chemicaö restraint agents, including preanesthetic medications, tranquilizers, injectable anesthetics, muscle relaxants and inhalant anesthetics, is reviewed. Journal Article Bennett, P. M.;Gascoyne, M.S.C.;Hart, G;Kirkwood, J.K.;Hawkey, C.M. 1991 Development of LYNX: a computer application for disease diagnosis and health monitoring in wild mammals, birds and reptiles Vet. Rec. 1991 496 496-499 Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, LYNX, diagnosis, computer Journal Article Bennett, Albert F. 1991 The evolution of avtivity capacity Journal of Experimental Biology 160 1-23 Journal Article Bennett, Daniel 1992 Bosc's monitor lizard Reptilian 1 2 25-27 Varanus exanthematicus Journal Article Bennett, C.;Lindsey, S. L. 1992 Some notes on the physiological and behavioral ontogeny of okapi (Okapia johnstoni) calves Zoo Biol 11 6 433-442 Mammalia, artiodactyla, giraffidae, okapi, behaviour Four okapi calves were monitored from birth for specific behavioral and physiological developmental phenomena. Substantial changes are appropriate in defining normal ranges and averages of some behavioral landmarks previously reported in the literature (i.e., birth weight, first time standing, first attempt to nurse, first successful nurse, and first defecation). Simple, minimally invasive habituation techniques were used to collect daily body temperatures and weights for the four calves from birth to at least 90 days of age. Body temperatures for this time period averaged 38.07-degrees- C. Okapi calves appear to take from 51 to 60 days of age to thermoregulate efficiently. The calves grow rapidly, doubling their birth weight within approximately four weeks (28 days), and tripling it by seven weeks of age (49 days). Journal Article Benyajati, S.;Johnson, J. L. 1991 Characteristics of renal transport of taurine in reptilian brush-border membranes Am J Physiol 260 5 Pt 2 R879-88 Amino Acids/pharmacology; Animal; Anions/pharmacology; Biological Transport/drug effects; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney/*metabolism; Male; Membrane Potentials; Microvilli/metabolism; Snakes/*metabolism; Sodium/physiology/pharmacokinetics; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taurine/*pharmacokinetics; Time Factors We examined characteristics of taurine transport across renal brush- border membranes (BBM) of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis), a species that demonstrates both net reabsorption and secretion of taurine in vivo. Transport was examined by a rapid filtration technique at 25 degrees C. Inwardly directed Na+ gradient specifically stimulated taurine uptake. Under initial taurine equilibrium condition, a small overshoot of taurine uptake driven by an inwardly directed NaCl gradient could be observed. No stimulation of taurine uptake was observed under Na+ equilibrium or K+, Li+, or choline gradients conditions. Reptilian renal BBM taurine transport also displayed specific Cl- requirement: replacement of NaCl by NaSCN or Na(+)- gluconate gradients inhibited taurine uptake. The uptake was stimulated under Cl- gradient compared with Cl- equilibrium conditions. Taurine transport was not stimulated by H+ gradient in either direction, although it was inhibited by acidic pH (less than 7.0). Amiloride and furosemide had no effects. The transport was electrogenic, stimulated by an inside negative membrane potential, and inhibited by other beta- amino acids. Overall, the reptilian BBM transport system for taurine resembles those observed in both mammalian and fish renal BBM. Journal Article Beresford, W.A. 1992 Trabeculae with the crocodilian liver Amer. Zool. 32 5 138A [Abstract only] anatomy, Journal Article Berger, Joel;Wehausen, John D. 1991 Consequences of a mammalian predator-prey disequilibrium in the Great Basin Desert Conservation Biology 5 2 244-248 mule deer Journal Article Berger, Leszek;Rybacki, Mariusz 1992 Sperm competition in European water frogs Alytes 10 4 113-116 Rana lessonae ridibunda esculenta Journal Article Berna, Howard J.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1991 Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (Eastern cottonmouth) diet Herpetological Review 22 130-131 Journal Article Bernardini, G.;P. Podini, R. Maci;Camatini., M. 1990 Spermiogenesis in Xenopus laevis: from late spermatids to spermatozoa Mol. Reprod. Develop. 26 347-355 Journal Article Bernhard, J.B.;Oftedal, O.T.;Barboza, P.S.;Mathias, C.E.;Allen, M.E.;Citino, S.B.;Ullrey, D.E.;Montali, R.J. 1991 The response of vitamin D-deficient green iguanas (Iguana iguana) to artificial ultraviolet light Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 147-150 reptilia, squamata, sauria, iguanidae, Iguana, UVL, calcium, phosphorus Book Section Berrill, Michael;Bertram, Susan;Tosswill, Pat;Campbell, Victoria 1992 Is there a bullfrog decline in Ontario? Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 32-36 Book Section Berrill, Michael;Bertram, Susan;Brigham, Deneen;Campbell, Victoria 1992 A comparison of three methods of monitoring frog populations Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 87-93 Conference Proceedings Berry, K.H. 1990 The status of the desert tortoise in 1990: Current population issues in California "testu,oeko,namerika,vet",""PF","x" Journal Article Berry, Kristin H.;Woodman, A. Peter;Knowles, Craig 1991 Ten years of monitoring data from the Desert Tortoise Natural Area interior, Chuckwalla Bench area of critical environmental concern, and Chemehuevi Valley [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 162 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H.;Shields, Timothy;Goodlett, Gilbert;Boland, Steve;Gumtow, Robert;Knowles, Pamela R.;Knowles, Craig J. 1991 Continued declines of tortoise populations in the western Mojave Desert: Results of 1989 surveys at the Desert Tortoise Natural Area interpretive center and Fremont Peak [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 219 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1991 Status of desert tortoise populations in California: The 1990 data set [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 282 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H.;Avery, Harold W. 1991 Distribution of shell disease/necrosis in tortoise populations on the Chuckwalla Bench and elsewhere in California [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 283 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Berry, Kristin H. 1992 Relationships between tortoise population declines, levels of human use and impacts to habitats Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 110 Journal Article Berthoud, G. 1990 Les reptiles et les batraciens du Canton de Fribourg Etat de Fribourg - Musée d'histoire naturelle 1-67 Journal Article Berven, K. A. 1990 Factors affecting population fluctuations in larval and adult stages of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) Ecology 71 1599-1608 Journal Article BEUTELSCHIESS, J.;BEUTELSCHIESS, C. 1991 Bemerkungen zu Krankheiten bei Anuren während der Terrarienhaltung (Vortragsmanuskript) Amphibienforschung 60-62 Amphibia, anura, diseases, general, therapy In short, directions are produced to practical ways of application and the effects of medicaments in anurans. Further methods such as baths and quarantine are discussed. Reprint Endnote 93/522 Journal Article Bezy, R. L. 1991 Western fence lizard Terra 29 2-3 64-65 reptiles, lizards, sceloporus occidentalis Journal Article Bezy, R. L.;R., J. L. Camarillo 1992 Systematics of Xantusiid lizardsallied with Lepidophyma gaigeae Mosauer Herpetologica 48 1 97-110 reptiles, lizards, relationships, karyotypes, Mexico, distribution, morphology Journal Article Bienzle, D.;Boyd, C. J. 1992 Sedative effects of ketamine and midazolam in snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) J Zoo Wildlife Med 23 2 201-204 Reptilia, chelonia, turtle, Chelydra serpentina, sedation, narcosis, ketamine, midzolam Chemical restraint in Ch. serpentina can best be obtained by a combination of midazolam (Versed(r), Hoffman-La Roche) (2 mg/kg) and Ketamine (20 or 40 mg/kg). This combination produced significantly better sedation than either agent by itself or exposure to isoflurane. This is the result of testing a series of 1) Midazolam > 2 mg/kg; 2) Ketamine > 40 mg/kg; 3) Midazolam > 2 mg/kg + Ketamine > 20 mg/kg; 4) Midazolam > 2 mg/kg + Ketamine > 40 mg/kg and 5) 5% Isoflurane in Oxygen for 30 min. Journal Article Bigiani, A. R.;Roper, S. D. 1991 Mediation of responses to calcium in taste cells by modulation of a potassium conductance Science 252 5002 126-8 Animal; Cadmium/pharmacology; Calcium/*physiology; Electric Conductivity; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials; Necturus; Potassium/*physiology; Potassium Channels/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste/*physiology; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology; Tongue/physiology Calcium salts are strong taste stimuli in vertebrate animals. However, the chemosensory transduction mechanisms for calcium are not known. In taste buds of Necturus maculosus (mud puppy), calcium evokes depolarizing receptor potentials by acting extracellularly on the apical ends of taste cells to block a resting potassium conductance. Therefore, divalent cations elicit receptor potentials in taste cells by modulating a potassium conductance rather than by permeating the cell membrane, the mechanism utilized by monovalent cations such as sodium and potassium ions. Journal Article Billett, F. S.;Collins, P.;Goulding, D. A.;Sutherland, J. 1992 The development of Caretta-Caretta, at 25-34-degrees-C, in artificial nests J Morphol 213 2 251-263 Reptilia, testudines, Caretta caretta, growth, development, temperature Based upon Miller's system for the description of development of marine turtles, a scanning E.M. series was made of stages 14 through 25 ofCaretta caretta. Incubation over a temperature range of 25°-34°C confirms previous observations that, under artificial conditions and at a constant incubation temperature, normal development is confined to a limited temperature range. Premature pipping is a feature of incubatuíon at the lower end of this range; abnormal development, generated during the first third of the incubation period, occurs just above the normal range. Developmental abnormalities (failure of precise closure) of the hindbrain are depicted. Reprint Endnote 92/154 Journal Article Billett, F S;Collins, P;Goulding, D A;and Sutherland, J 1992 The development of Caretta caretta, at 25-34 0C, in artificial nests 213 251-263 loggerhead/growth Journal Article Birkett, Jon;McCracken, Helen 1990 Osteodystrophy in an Asian agamid (Hydrosaurus pustulatus) Herpetofauna 20 2 32-36 Hydrosaurus pustulatus Journal Article Birkett, J.;and, H.;McCracken 1990 Osteodystrophy in an Asian agamid (Hydrosaurus pustulatus) Herpetofauna Sydney 1990 2 echsen,vit PF x Journal Article Birkhahn, Holger 1991 Neue Erkenntnisse über die Aminosäureversorgung bei Dendrobatiden Herpetofauna 13 74 23-28 Dendrobatidae; nutrition; Dendrobates Journal Article BIRKHAHN, H. 1991 New knowledge about amino-acid requirements of Dendrobatids. (Germ.) Neue Erkenntnisse über die Aminosäureversorgung bei Dendrobatiden Herpetofauna 13 74 23-28 Amphibia, anura, dendrobatidae, food, feeding, amino acids Together with optimal vitamin and mineral supply, the essential amino acid budget is of crucial importance. Supply with amino acids was checked by feeding experiments and amino acid analyses of dendrobatid frogs and their food. Poorly grown D. tinctorius had a lower protein content and lower content of all 9 aminoacids analysed, than their well developed couterparts. Reprint Endnote 93/528, lurch,vit,vet PF x Edited Book Bishop, Christine A.;Pettit, Karen E. 1992 Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 120 Book Section Bishop, Christine A. 1992 The effects of pesticides on amphibians and the implications for determining causes of declines in amphibians Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 67-70 Book Section Bishop, Christine A.;Kay, Douglas F. 1992 Extensive monitoring: Amphibian populations in Canada Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 109-110 Book Section Bishop, Christine A. 1992 Intensive and extensive monitoring of anthropogenic stresses associated with amphibian survivorship Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 111 Report Bissonette, J. A. 1991 Annotated bibliography for the spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A;Bolten, A.B. 1990 Digestive processing in an herbivorous freshwater turtle: consequences of small intestine fermentation Physiol. Zool. 63 1232-1247 Reptilia, testudines, physiology, digestion, food, feeding testu,vit,physiol UB x Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A. 1990 Digestibility of the sponge Chondrilla nucula in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas Bulletin of Marine Science 47 2 567-570 green; feeding Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B.;Moore, J.E. 1990 Digestive fermentation in herbivores: effect of food particle size Physiological Zoology 63 4 710-721 green; feeding Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A. 1991 Diet mixing: nonadditive interactions of diet items in an omnivorous freshwater turtle Ecology 72 4 1234-1241 Reptilia, testudines, physiology, digestion, food, feeding testu,vit PF x Journal Article Bjorndal, Karen A.;Bolten, Alan B. 1992 Turtles under siege: Parallels between sea turtles and desert tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 111-112 Journal Article Bjorndal, Karen A.;Bolten, Alan B. 1992 Comparative Nutritional ecology of tortoises and turtles Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 61-63 Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B. 1992 Body size and digestive efficiency in a Herbivorous freshwater turtle - Advantages of small bite size Physiol Zool 65 5 1028-1039 Reptilia, testudines, Pseudemys nelsoni, physiology, herbiviry, body size, digestion, ecologye In reptiles, large body size bas been considered a great- if not essential-asset for herbivory. However, in a herbivorous freshwater turtle, Pseudemys nelsoni, 12-g hatchlings had significantly better digestive performance than did 3,000-g adults. On a diet of duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), hatchlings processed nearly four times as much food on a mass-specific basis than did adults while maintaining equivalent digestibilities as adults. Hatchlings gained more than four times the amount of energy and nitrogen daily on a mass-specific basis that adults gained. On a diet of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata), hatchlings fed selectively, ingesting a diet significantly higher in energy and nitrogen and significantly lower in lignin than the diet of adults. Small bite size of small herbivorous reptiles is a mechanism that enables them to meet higher mass-specific nutrient requirements by improving both the physical structure and-through selective feeding-the nutrient quality of the diet. testu,vit,behav,physiol PF x Journal Article Blackburn, D. G. 1991 Standardized criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles Physiological Zoology submitted ms. reproduction, eggs, resources, nutrition, development, chemicals, snakes, lizards Journal Article Blackburn, D.G. 1992 Convergent Evolution of Viviparity, Matrotrophy, and Specializations for Fetal Nutrition in Reptiles and Other Vertebrates Am Zool 32 2 313-321 EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES; VIRGINIA-STRIATULA; SCELOPORUS-AENEUS; LIZARD; PLACENTATION; PLACENTOTROPHY; SERPENTES; PROVISION; SQUAMATA; ORIGINS Journal Article Blackburn, Daniel G. 1992 Convergent evolution of viviparity, matrotrophy, and specializations for fetal nutrition in reptiles and other vertebrates American Zoologist 32 313-321 Book Section Blackburn, D. G.;Vitt, L. J. 1992 Reproduction in viviparous South American lizards of the genus Mabuya Hamlett, William C. Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates New York Springer-Verlag 150-164 Reptiles, lizards, Mabuya, reproduction, viviparous, Brazil, Amazonia, South America, Journal Article Blackman, J. R.;Dillon, S. 1992 Venomous snakebite: past, present, and future treatment options J Am Board Fam Pract 5 4 399-405 BACKGROUND: Venomous snakebites continue to cause great morbidity, and treatment options are confusing the attending physician. In the United States approximately 45,000 snakebites occur each year, of which some 8000 are by 20 species of venomous snakes. METHODS: Information on venomous snakes and snakebite treatment was gathered from the libraries of the Wilderness Medical Society and the Rocky Mountain Center for Wilderness Medicine in Boise, Idaho (co-supported by the Boise State University and the Family Practice Residency of Idaho), as well as from current literature files of physicians practicing wilderness medicine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Three genera of venomous snakes account for the majority of poisonous snake envenomations in this country. Most hospitalized victims are bitten either by rattlesnakes or copperheads or by unidentified snakes. Most of these bites occur during the summer months and are found on the extremities. Field treatment focuses on the application of a vacuum extractor and transportation to the nearest medical facility. Although constriction band use can be helpful, tourniquets, incision and suction, and ice therapy are contraindicated. Electric shock therapy is of no use and could cause serious injury. Hospital management focuses on rapid clinical evaluation and laboratory tests to establish the degree of envenomation, looking for clotting abnormalities. If envenomation has occurred and is reactive, polyvalent antivenin should be administered according to the degree of envenomation. Errors in diagnosis and treatment result in increased morbidity and put attending physicians at risk for litigation. Prevention remains the most successful approach to snakebite management. Journal Article Blahak, S.;Göbel, Th.;Alexander, D.J.;Manvell, R. 1991 Some investigations of the occurrence of paramyxoviruses in snakes of german zoos. 4. Int. Coll. Pathol. u Ther. Rept. and Amphib. 17-24 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, virus, Paramyxo A paramyxo-like virus occurred in outbreaks of disease in the families Viperidae, Crotalidae, Colubridae and Elaphidae. Treatment of the snakes was attempted with Pulmozole, Enrofloxazin and a paraimmunity-inducer originally developed for birds. Only one rattle snake died one year after the outbreak of the infection. Bacteriologic examination was non specific Journal Article Blahak, S. ;Göbel, Th. 1991 A case report of a reovirus-infection in an emerald tree boa (Corallus caninus). 4. Int. Coll. Pathol. u Ther. Rept. and Amphib. Bad Nauheim, 27.-29.9. 13-16 Reptilia, Serpentes, Boinae, Virus, Reovirus The snake was found dead without any symptoms of disease. Necropsy was negative. Histol revealed diffuse vacuolation of hepatocytes. A virus-like agent was isolated on turtle embryo fibroblasts and also on viper heart cells culture. A possible conclusion was that the snake was infected by an avian reovirus Journal Article Blair, David W. 1991 Sex and the single saurian Iguana Times 1 3 10 Journal Article Blair, David W. 1991 In search of the mystery iguana Iguana Times 1 3 18-19 Cyclura Journal Article Blair, David W. 1992 The cayman Island rock iguana, Cyclura nubila caymanensis Iguana Times 1 4 2-5 Cyclura Journal Article Blair, David W. 1992 A cay by any other name... Iguana Times 1 5 2-7 cyclura rileyi nuchalis Journal Article Blair, David W. 1992 Booby or bust! Iguana Times 1 6 4-9 cyclura carinata bartschi Journal Article Blake, Hugh 1990 The eyelash viper in captivity (Bothriechis schlegelii) Vivarium 2 5 8-10 Book Section Blake, D. 1990 Status of the Nile crocodile in Natal, South Africa - August, 1988 Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 84-88 Book Section Blake, D. 1990 Crocodiles held as part of the International Breeding Bank Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 82-83 Book Section Blake, D. 1990 Natal Parks Board policy on crocodiles Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 77-81 Journal Article Blake, Hugh 1992 The green tree python (Chondropython viridis) Vivarium 3 5 19-22 Chondropyhon viridis; Morelia viridis Journal Article Blake, Hugh 1992 The husbandry and breeding of ringed pythons (Bothrochilus [Liasis] boa) at the Houston Zoological Gardens Vivarium 4 3 36-38 Journal Article Blankemeyer, James T.;Hefler, Carol R. 1990 Effect of Naphthalene on sodium active transport in the frog skin Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 45 627-632 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Wake, D. B. 1990 Declining amphibian populations-a global phenomenon? Ecological Society of America 127 conservation, Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Wake, D. B. 1990 Declining amphibian populations: a global phenomenon? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5 7 203-204 conservation, Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Wake, D. B. 1990 Declining amphibian populations: a global phenmenon? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5 5 203-204 population, amphibians Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Wake, D. B. 1990 Declining amphibian populations: a global phenemenon? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5 203-204 destinction, population, reproduction, amphibians Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Wake., D. B. 1990 Declining amphibian populations: a global phenomenon Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5 203-204 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;K. S. Chang, H. G. Lefcort;O'Hara., R. K. 1990 Toad tadpole kin recognition: recognition of half siblings and the role of maternal cues Ethology Ecology & Evolution 2 215-226 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Olson., D. H. 1991 Declining amphibians Science 253 1467 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;M. Bekoff, J. A. Byers;Daniels., T. J. 1991 Kin recognition in vertebrates: what do we really know about adaptive value? Animal Behaviour 41 1079-1083 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Waldman., B. 1992 Kin recognition in anuran amphibian larvae Animal Behaviour 44 207-221 Journal Article Blaylock, R. S. 1991 Time of onset of clinical envenomation following snakebite in southern Africa [letter; comment] S Afr Med J 80 5 253 Journal Article Blem, C. R.;Blem, K. L. 1990 Metabolic acclimation in three species of sympatric, semi-aquatic snakes Composition Biochemistry Physiology 97A 2 259-264 metabolism, brown water snake, Nerodia taxispilota, cotton mouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus , behavior, distribution Journal Article Blem, C. R.;Blem, L. B. 1990 Lipid reserves of the brown water snake Nerodia taxispilota Compostion Biochemistry Physiology 97A 3 367-372 brown water snake, Nerodia taxispilota, growth rate, reproduction Journal Article Blem, C. R.;Blem., L. B. 1991 Cation concentrations and acidity in breeding ponds of the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw)(Amphibia, Ambystomatidae), in Virginia Brimleyana 17 67-76 Thesis Blomberg, Goran Ernst Daniel 1990 Population dynamics and management of the Okavango River crocodiles in Botswana Journal Article Blommers-Schlösser, R. M. A.;Blanc., C. P. 1991 Amphibiens Faune de Madagascar 75 1-379, 12 plates Journal Article Blouin, Michael S. 1990 Evolution of palatability differences between closely-related treefrogs Journal of Herpetology 24 309-311 predation, tadpoles Journal Article Blouin, Michael S. 1991 Proximate developmental causes of limb length variation between Hyla cinerea and Hyla gratiosa (Anura: Hylidae) Journal of Morphology 209 305-310 larvae, hind limb relative to snout, body growth rates Journal Article Blouin, Michael S.;Loeb, Michael L. G. 1991 Effects of environmentally induced development-rate variation on head and limb morphology in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea The American Naturalist 138 3 717-728 Journal Article Blouin, Michael S. 1992 Comparing bivariate reaction norms among species: time and size at metamorphosis in three species of Hyla (Anura: Hylidae) Oecologia 90 288-293 Anura, Amphibia, Hyla cinerea, Hyla gratiosa, Hyla squirella, life-history, statistics, development, Journal Article Blouin, Michael S. 1992 Genetic correlations among morphometric traits and rates of growth and differentiation in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea Evolution 46 3 735-744 Journal Article Blouin, M. S. 1992 Comparing bivariate reaction norms among three species: time and size at metamorphosis in three species of Hyla (Anura: Hylidae) Oecologia 90 288-293 Journal Article Blouin, M. S. 1992 Genetic correlations among morphometric traits and rates of growth and differentiation in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea. Evolution 46 735-744 Journal Article Blumthaler, Mario;Ambach, Walter 1990 Indication of increasing solar ultraviolet-B radiation flux in alpine regions Science 248 206-208 Journal Article Boarman, William I.;Sazaki, Marc 1991 Methods for measuring the effectiveness of tortoise-proof fences and culverts along highway 58, California Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 284-291 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Boarman, William I.;Sazaki, Marc;Berry, Kristin H.;Goodlett, Gilbert O.;Jennings, W. Bryan;Woodman, A. Peter 1992 Measuring the effectiveness of a tortoise-proof fence and culverts: Status report from first field season Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 126-142 Journal Article Boarman, William I. 1992 The raven management program of the Bureau of Land Management: Status as of 1992 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 113-116 Journal Article Bobrov, Vladimir V. 1992 Notes on lizards (Reptilia, Sauria) from southern Vietnam Journal of Bengal Natural History Society new ser., 11 1 17-24 Journal Article Bobrov, Vladimir V. 1992 A new scincid lizard (Reptilia, Sauria, Scincidae) from Vietnam Zoologichesky Zhurnal 71 9 156-159 mabuya darevskii Journal Article Bodri, M. S.;Hendrick, M. J.;O'Brien, R. T.;Sadanaga, K. K. 1990 Retained caseous yolk sac in a Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) J Wildl Dis 26 4 564-6 Reptilia, serpentes, python, yolk sac, surgery, anesthesia, Retained yolk sacs are common in the domestic chicken and account for considerable morbidity and mortality during late embryonic development and within the first 10 days of life. What is believed to be the first recorded instance of a retained caseous yolk sac and its successful surgical removal from a Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) is reported. The snake experienced no post-operative complications and continues to be well 16 mo following surgery. Journal Article Bodri, M.S.;Sadanaga, K.K. 1991 Circumcostal cloacapexy in a python J. Am. Vet. Med. Assn. 198 2 297 Reptilia, serpentes, Python m. molurus, pathology, prolapse, therapy, cloacapexy The lateroventral portion of the cloaca was sutured to the lateral skeletal musculature. The sutures penetrated the lumen of the cloaca and were passed around a rib. Movement of urates down the ureters was observed before the wound was closed. Journal Article Bodri, Michael S. 1992 El Manejo de la Iguana Verde: A look at Dr. dagmar Werner's breeding project Vivarium 3 5 7-9 Iguana iguana Journal Article Bodson, Liliane 1990 Rapport d'activité de la commission d'Ethnoherpétologie et d'Histoire de l'Herpétologie (1989-1990) Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 56 77-78 Book Section Boede, E.O.;Párraga, M.E.;Sánchez de Boede, N.;Medina de López, N.;Castaño, H. 1990 Un caso de caquexia en una baba (Caiman Crocodilus) del Zoológico Las Delicacias de Maracay, Estado Aragua, Venezuela Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-306-1 xxviii + 446 pp. 80-95 CCR, disease, biochemistry, South America Journal Article Boer , L.E.M. de 1992 Research in european zoos First International Symposium on Faecal Steroid Monitoring in Zoo animals 20 Proceedings* Journal Article Boeseman, M.;Holthuis, L.B.;Hoogmoed, H. S.;Smeenk, C. 1990 Seventeenth century drawings of Brazilian animals in Leningrad Zoologische Verhandelingen 267 1-190 Journal Article Bogaert, L. 1991 Transporting tortoises in cold weather Tortoise Trust Newsl 5 6 22-23 Reptilia, testudines, physiology, management, transport, cold, weather testu,vet,meth PF x Book Section Bogart, James P. 1991 The influence of life history on karyotypic evolution in frogs Amphibian cytogenetics and evolution Academic Press, Inc. 233-258 Amphibia, Anura, Lissamphibia, Triturus, Eleutherodactylus, karyotype, technique, evolution, cytogenetics, taxonomy, systematics, phylogenetics, chromosome, RNA, DNA Book Section Bogart, James P. 1992 Monitoring genetic diversity Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 50-52 Journal Article Boivin, G. P.;Stauber, E. 1990 Nutritional osteodystrophy in iguanas Canine Pract - exotic medicine 1990 1 37-40 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana, food, feeding, deficiency, osteodystrophy Reprint Vet. Path. Spec. Anim. 91/178 vit,echsen,vet Fernl b Journal Article Bolger, Douglas T.;Case, Ted J. 1992 Intra- and interspecific interference behaviour among sexual and asexual geckos Animal Behaviour 44 21-30 Book Section Bolt, John R. 1991 Lissamphibian Origins Schultze, Hans-Peter and Trueb, Linda Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: controversy and consensus Ithaca, New York Cornell University Press 194-222 lissamphibia, amphibia, apoda, gymnophiona, salientia, anura, caudata, Phylogeny, cladistics, systematics, tetrapod, evolution, Coelacanth, lungfishes, tetrapoda, Diabolepis, Ichthyostega, Crassigyrinus, Eusthenopteron, Panderichthys, Chirodipterus, Osteolepis, Lozomma, Trimerorhachis, Edops, Paleoherpeton, Acanthostega, Lyrocephalus, Trematosaurus, Aphaneramma, Benthosaurus, Neldasaurus, Rhinesuchus, Batrachosaurus, Trimerorhachis, Eugyrinus, Mastodonsaurus, Peltostega, Lonchorhynchus, osteology, soft anatomy, fossil, cranium, skull, Neurocranium, Histology, Cheek, characters, dentition, Book Section Bolten, A.;Bjorndal, K. 1991 Sea turtles inhabiting the Kings Bay-St. Marys entrance channel: distribution and population structure (RWO 72) Fla. Coop. Fish and Wildl. Res. Unit Annu. Rep.-January to December 1990 Univ. Florida, Gainesville 11-12 Book Section Bolten, A.;Bjorndal, K. 1991 Effect of marine pollution on juvenile, pelagic sea turtles (RWO 66) Fla. Coop. Fish and Wildl. Res. Unit Annu. Rep.-January to December 1990 Univ. Florida, Gainesville 9-10 Book Section Bolten, A.;Bjorndal, K. 1991 Distribution and population structure of sea turtles inhabiting the Cape Canaveral entrance channel (RWO 62) Fla. Coop. Fish and Wildl. Res. Unit Annu. Rep.-January to December 1990 Univ. Florida, Gainesville. 9 Journal Article Bolten, Alan B.;Jacobson, Elliott R.;Bjorndal, Karen A. 1992 Effects of anticoagulant and autoanalyzer on blood biochemical values of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) American journal of Veterinary Research 53 12 2224-2227 Journal Article Bolten, A. B.;Bjorndal, K. A. 1992 Blood profiles for a wild population of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the southern Bahamas - size-specific and sex-specific relationships J Wildlife Dis 28 3 407-413 Reptilia, chelonia, sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, hematology, blood, sex For 100 juv C.mydas from a wild population, bloodvalues and PCV were determined. PCV (%)3.2(26.4-42.0), Glucose (mg/dl)114( 87-167) Urea nitrogen (BUN)7(2 -37) Creatinine (mg/dl)0.5(0.3-0.9),Uric acid(mg/dl)1.5 (0.5-3.5), Total protein(g/dl) 5.1(2.6-6.9), Albumin(g/dl)1.5 (0.6-2.1), Globulin (g/dl)3.6 (1.9-5.2), Alk. phosphatase(U/l)43(13-95), Reprint Endnote 92/160, AB Bolten, Univ Florida, Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 Journal Article Bolten, A. B.;Bjorndal, K. A. 1992 Blood profiles for a wild population of green tutles (Chelonia mydas) in the southern Bahamas: size specific and sex-specific relationships Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28 3 407-413 green Journal Article Bolten, A. B.;Bjorndal, K. A.;Grumbles, J. S.;Owens, D. W. 1992 Sex ratio and sex-specific growth rates of immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in the southern Bahamas Copeia 1992 4 1098-1103 green; Bahamas Journal Article Bolten, A.B.;Martins, H. R.;Bjorndal, K. A.;Cocco, M.;Gerosa, G. 1992 Carreta carreta (loggerhead). Pelagic movement and growth Herpetological Review 23 4 116 loggerhead Book Section Bolton, M. 1990 The role of crocodile ranching in rural development Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 89-99 Journal Article Bolton, P.M.;Beuchat, C.A. 1991 Cilia in the urinary bladder of reptiles and amphibians - A correlate of urate production Copeia 3 711-717 Reptilia, Amphibia, Chelonia, Sauria, anura, toad, frog, anatomy, urinary bladder, cilia, phsyiology, urate The cilia in the bladder stalk, together with a mucopolysaccaride layer, may comprise a mucociliary transport system that moves particulate matter such as urate from the bladder into the cloaca. Reprint Endnote 94/142 PM Bolton, 14 Parkhurst St, Apt 4, Lebanon, NH 03766 Book Section Bonath, K.H.;Haller, R.D.;Bonath, J.;Amelang, D. 1990 The influence of Gallamine on immobilization, cardiovascular and respiratory parameters of Crocodylus niloticus Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 13-15 Book Section Bonath, K.H.;Haller, R.D.;Bonath, J.;Amelang, D. 1990 Tiletamine-Zolacepam-Acepromazine Anesthesia in Crocodylus nilotics with regard to the respriatory and cardiovascular system Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 8-12 Journal Article Bonath, K.-H.;Bonath, Ingeborg;Haller, R.D.;Bonath, J.;Amelang, D. 1991 Medicamentous immobilisation of nile crocodile by means of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation, with reference to some cardiovascular and respiratory parameters. (Eng) Medikamentöse Immobilisierung von Nilkrokodilen durch Narkose und Muskelrelaxation unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Herz-Kreislauf- und Atemfunktion Verh. Ber. Erkrg Zootiere 33 191-194 Reptilia, Crocodylia, crocodile, Immobilisation, metabolism Moderate to deep sedation was induced to 25 nile crocodiles by injection of 2.5 - 5.= mg/kg BW of Tiletamine and 2.5 - 5,0 mg/kg BW of Zolacepam (Zoletil(r)) + 1 mg/kg BW Acepromazin (Vetranquil(r)). Another 14 crocodiles were succesfully immobilised for 90 - 295 minutes with gallamine trithiodide, dosed 0.5-0.6 mg/kg BW. Reprint Endnote 92/50 Journal Article Bonfitto, Antonio 1991 Zoological Museum of the University of Bologna Type specimens's list of "Collezione Mozambicana" I Anura Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 9 2 361-368 Book Section Bonin, Joël 1992 Status of amphibian populations in Quebec Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 23-25 Journal Article Booth, D. T. 1990 The significance of the boundary layer in cutaneous breathing, aquatic lungless salamanders. Physiologist 33 35 (Abstr) Edited Book Borkin, L. J. 1990 Reptiles of Mountain and Arid territories: Systematics and Distribution Leningrad USSR Academy of Sciences 235 + 6 plates Edited Book Borkin, L. J. 1990 [Reptiles of Mountain and Arid territories: Systematics and Distribution] Leningrad USSR Academy of Sciences 235 + 6 plates Journal Article Bosch, Hubert 1991 The pentastome Elenia Heymons, 1932, a parasite genus specific to monitors from the Australian region - Biology and aspects of host specificity Mertensiella 2 50-56 Pentastomes; Elenia; Sambonia; life cycle; experimental infections; autoinfections; "plastic" developmental strategy; host specificity; Varanus gouldii; Varanus exanthematicus; comparative paristology; parasitophyletic rules; systematics Journal Article Bosch, H. 1991 Pentastomids in reptiles Pentastomiden bei Reptilien 4. Int. symp. Pathol. & Ther. Rept. Amphib. 88-94 Reptilia, Serpentes, Sauria, Infection, Pentastomidea, Arachnoidea, Arthropoda Linguatula Journal Article Bosch, J. 1991 Albinismo en Pelobates cultripes (Cuvier 1829) (Amphibia, Anura, Pelobatidae) Revista Española de Herpetología 5 101-103 Amphibia, Anura, Pelobatidae, Pelobates cultripes color, Journal Article Boulon, Ralf H.;Frazer, Nat B. 1990 Growth of wild juvenile Caribbean green turtles, Chelonia mydas Journal of Herpetology 24 441-445 Journal Article Boulon, R.H.;Frazer, N. B. 1990 Growth of wild green Caribbean green turtles, Chelonia mydas Journal of Herpetology 24 4 441-445 green; growth Journal Article Bounds, H C;Normand, R A 1991 Brown spot disease of commercially-raised alligators: A preliminary report Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Science 54 62 (Abstr. only) Journal Article Boundy, Jeffrey 1990 Biogeography and variation in southern populations of the garter snake Thamnophis atratus, with a synopsis of the T. couchii complex M.A. Thesis San Jose State University ix, 105 Journal Article Bourdeau, P. 1990 Pathologie des tortues III Point Vet 45-62 Reptilia, testudines, pathology testu,vet Fernl x Journal Article Bourne, G. R. 1992 Lekking behavior in the neotropical frog Ololygon rubra Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 31 173-180 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, group selection, Hylidae, lek, Ololygon rubra Journal Article Bourquin, O. 1991 A new genus and species of snake from the Natal Drakensberg, South Africa Annals of the Transvaal Museum 35 12 199-203 Journal Article Bowen, Brian W.;Meylan, Anne B.;Avise, John C. 1991 Evolutionary distinctiveness of the endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle Nature 352 709-711 lepidochelys kempi olivacea mitochondrial DNA mtDNA RFLP taxonomy systematics Journal Article Bowen, B.W.;Meylan, A.B.;Ross, J. P.;Limpus, C. J.;Balazs, G. H.;Avise, J.C. 1992 Global population structure and natural history of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in terms of matriarchal phylogeny Evolution 46 4 865-880 genetics; green; population biology Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1991 Common problems and treatment of Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) Bulletin of the Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians 1 1 8-11 reptilia, squamata, sauria, iguanidae, Iguana, parasitology, metabolic bone disease, vitamin D, egg retention, gout, nephritis * Journal Article Boyer, T. 1991 Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians Canadian Veterinary Journal - Revue Veterinaire Canadienne 32 8 453 Veterinary Medicine , Animal Health , Reptilia , Amphibia T Boyer,10148 W Chatfield Ave,Littleton, CO 80127 Journal Article Boyer, T.H 1991 Nematodes in Chelonians Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 1 1 3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy Journal Article Boyer, T.H 1991 Chelonian Shell Infection Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 1 1 3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, bacteria, shell, necrosis Journal Article Boyer, D.;Boyer, T.H 1991 Vitamin A Toxicity Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 1 1 2 Reptilia, testudines, intoxication, vitamin A Journal Article Boyer, T.H 1991 Trichlorfon Spray for Snake Mites, Ophionyssus natricis Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 1 1 2 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, acari, mite, Ophionyssus natricis, therapy Journal Article Boyer, T.H 1991 Respiratory Changes Before Ecydysis Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 1 1 2 Reptilia, serpentes, physiology, ecdysis, respiration Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1991 Common problems of Green iguanas, Iguana iguana Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 1 1 8-11 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, iguana iguana, infection, helminth, nematode, management, food, feeding Journal Article Boyer, T.H 1991 Green Iguana Care, Iguana iguana Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 1 1 12-14 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, iguana iguana, management, food, feeding, housing Journal Article Boyer, Thomas H. 1991 Green iguana care Bulletin of the Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians 1 1 12-14 Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1992 Box turtles (Terrapene spp.) care Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 2 1 14-16 reptilia chelonia, cryptodira emydidae emydinae,Terrapene , vitamin A, nutrition, reproduction * Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1992 Use of Atropine for eliminating excessive mucus in boids Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 2 1 6-7 reptilia, serpentes, boidae, stomatitis, mucus, atropin * Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1992 Common Problems of Box Turtles, Terrapene spp, in Captivity Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 2 1 9-14 Reptilia, testudines, Box Turtles, Terrapene spp, pathology, disease, survey Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1992 Box turtle care Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 2 1 14-17 Reptilia, testudines, box turtle, management, food, feeding Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1992 Use of Atropine for Eliminating Excessive Mucus in Boids Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 2 1 6 Reptilia, serpentes, boa, pathology, mucus. atropine Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1992 Bacterial Culture and Sensitivity Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 2 1 6 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, infection, bacteria, culture Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1992 Common Problems of Box Turtles, Terrapene spp., in Captivity Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians Bulletin 2 1 9-14 Reptilia, testudines, Box Turtles, Terrapene spp, pathology, disease, survey Journal Article Boyer, Thomas H. 1992 Clinical anesthesia of reptiles Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 2 2 10-13 Journal Article Boyer, Thomas H.;Boyer, Donal M. 1992 Aquatic turtle care Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 2 2 13-17 Journal Article Boyer , T.H. 1991 Green Iguana care (Iguana iguana) Bulletin of the Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians 1 1 12-14 reptilia squamata sauria iguanidae ,Iguana , * Edited Book Böhme, Wolfgang;Horn, Hans-Georg 1991 Advances in Monitor Research Bonn, Germany Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e.V. 2 266 Varanus Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang 1991 The identity of Varanus gouldii (Gray, 1838), and the nomenclature of the V. gouldii-species complex Mertensiella 2 38-41 Varanidae; Varanus gouldii; Varanus panopyes; Varanus flavirufus; sibling species; nomenclature Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang 1991 New findings on the hemipenial morphology of monitor lizards and their systematic implications Mertensiella 2 42-49 Varanidae; Polydaedalus; Euprepiosaurus; Philippinosaurus; Empagusia; Hemipenes; phylogeny Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang 1991 Ein neuer Wüstenrenner aus dem Hochland Afghanistans Eremias (Eremias) afghanistanica sp. n. (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae) Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 42 2 137-141 Reptilia; Sauria; Lacertidae; Eremias afghanistanica n. sp.; new species; Afghanistan; taxonomy Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang;Scerbak, Nikolaj N. 1991 Ein neuer Wüstenrenner aus dem Hochland Afghanistans, Eremias (Eremias) afghanistanica sp. n. (Reptilia: Sauria: Lacertidae) Bonner Zoologische Beitr. 42 2 137-141 Journal Article Brackee, G.;Gunther, R.;Gillett, C. S. 1992 Diagnostic exercise - High mortality in red-eared slider turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans) Lab Anim Sci 42 6 607-609 Reptilia, testudines, slider turtles, Pseudemys scripta elegans, Trachemys s. elagans, mortality Several specimen dies, and others were killed because of anorexia, lethargy and nasal discharge. X-ray exam. disclosed unilateral consolidation of lungs. Histology confirmed a pneumonia affecting mainly primary and secundary bronchi, air sac membranes(?) were focally denuded and covered by a layer of fibrin. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in pure culture. Reprint Endnote 93/252 Journal Article Bradford, D. F. 1991 Mass mortality and extinction in a high elevation population of Rana muscosa Journal of Herpetology 25 174-177 Journal Article Bradford, D. F.;Swanson, C.;Gordon., M. S. 1992 Effects of low pH and aluminum on two declining species of amphibians in the Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Herpetology 26 369-377 Journal Article Bradley, Teresa, A.;Carpenter, J.W.;Munana, Karen, R.;Douglass, J. 1991 Clinical case: Foreign bodies in a green Iguana (Iguana iguana) resulting in ileus. J. Zoo & Wildl. Med. 22 4 505-506 reptilia, squamata, sauria, iguanidae, Iguana iguana, pathology, foreign body, ileus The animal suffered from anorexia during one week previous to presentation. At that moment radiographic examination revealed two mineral-dense foreign bodies and a gas filled intestinal lumen extending cranially to the liver image. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed to confirm the diagnosis of obstruction and dilatation of the ileum. * Journal Article Brana, F.;Arrayago, M. J.;Bea, A.;Barahona, A. 1990 Ciclo reproductor y de cuerpos grasos en los manchos de Lacerta monticola cantabrica. Comparacion entre dos poblaciones situadas a diferente altitud Amphibia-Reptilia 11 41-52 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, cycle, comparative, altitude, elevation, populations, Spain, lipids Journal Article Brana, F.;Bea, A.;Arrayago, M.J. 1991 Egg retention in lacertid lizards - Relationships with reproductive ecology and the evolution of viviparity Herpetologica 47 2 218-226 Reptilia, sauria, lacerta, propagation, physiology, Egg retention, viviparity F Brana,Univ Oviedo,Fac Biol,Dept Biol Organismos & Sistemas Zool,E-33005 Oviedo, Spain Journal Article Brana, F.;Gonzalez, F.;Barahona, A. 1992 Relationship between ovarian and fat body weights during vitellogenesis for 3 species of lacertid lizards J Herpetol 26 4 515-518 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Lacerta, vitellogenesis, ovary, fat body Journal Article Branch, W. 1990 Tortoises - primitive but specialised Custos 14 4 4-8 Testudinidae Journal Article Branch, William R. 1991 The Regenia registers of 'Gogga' Brown (1869-1909). "Memoranda on a species of monitor or Varan" Mertensiella 2 57-110 Varanidae; Varanus albigularis; Varanus niloticus; Biology; South Africa; Alfred 'Gogga' Brown (1834-1920) Book Branch, Bill 1991 Everyone's Guide to Snakes of Southern Africa (Includes other Reptiles and Amphibians) Johannesburg Central News Agency 112 Journal Article Branch, B. R.;Bauer, A. M. 1992 The status of Phyllodactylus peringueyi (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 40 21-25 reptiles, lizards, taxonomy, distribution Journal Article Brandon, R. A. 1992 Ambystoma dumerilii Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 532 1-3 Journal Article Brandstaetter, Frank 1992 Observations on the territoria-marking behaviour of the gecko Eublepharis macularius Hamadryad 17 17-20 Territory-marking; Eublepharis macularius Journal Article Brandt, L.A.;Mazzotti, F.J. 1990 The behavior of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus exposed to low temperature Copeia 1990 3 867-871 AM, temperature, behavior, physiology, Journal Article Brandt, L. A. 1990 The behavior of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus exposed to low temperature Copeia 1990 3 867-871 Reptiles, crocodilians, alligators, behavior, thermal stress, temperature, cold, basking, Florida, South Carolina Journal Article Brandt, L.A. 1991 Long-term changes in a population of Alligator mississippiensis in South Carolina J. Herpetol. 25 4 419-424 AM, ecology, distribution, habitat, demography, Journal Article Brandt, L.A. 1991 Growth of juvenile alligators in Par Pond, Savannah River site, South Carolina Copeia 1991 4 1123-1129 AM, growth, SC Journal Article Brandt, Laura A. 1991 Growth of juvenile alligators in par pond, Savannah River Site, South Carolina, reptiles Copeia 1991 4 1123-1129 Alligator missippiensis, growth, juveniles, Par Pond, SREL Journal Article Brandt, Laura A. 1991 Long-term changes in a population of Alligator missippiensis in South Carolina Journal of Herpetology 25 4 419-424 Alligator missippiensis, SREL, population changes, long-term, reptiles Journal Article Brandt, Laura A. 1991 Growth of juvenile alligators in Par Pond, Savannah River Site, South Carolina Copeia 1991 1123-1129 Journal Article Brandt, L. 1991 Long term changes in a population of Alligator mississippiensis in South Carolina Journal of Herpetology 25 sex ratio Journal Article Brantley, C.;Platt, S.G. 1991 Salinity correlations of the leech Placobdella multilineata on alligators Herpetol. Rev. 22 1 4-5 AM, disease, osmoregulation, Journal Article Brattstrom, B. H. 1990 Maze learning in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis Journal of Herpetology 24 1 44-47 Anura, Amphibia Journal Article Brattstrom, B. H. 1990 Biogeography of the Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico J. Biogeography 17 177-183 Mexico, islands, birds, lizards, dispersal, endemism Journal Article Brattstrom, Bayard H. 1992 Book review: Kimberley Rainforests of Australia Copeia 1992 4 1131-1132 Journal Article Braun, Willy;Braun, Claudia 1990 Zur Haltung und Zucht von Cosymbotus platyurus (Schneider, 1792) Herpetofauna 12 67 27-30 Cosymbotus platyurus Journal Article Braun, V. 1992 Course of disease and treatment of a fungal and bacterial infection of the tail in Iguana iguana. Krankheitsverlauf und Behandlung einer Pilz- und Bakterieninfektion des Schwanzes bei Iguana iguana Iguana Rundschreiben 1 1992 11-17 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana iguana, infection, fungus, therapy echsen,vet,fung,bakt PF x Journal Article Brauth, S.E. 1990 Histochemical strategies in the study of neural evolution Brain Beh. Evol. 36 2-3 100-115 CCR, anatomy, The use of histochemical methods, including enzyme histochemical, immunohistochemical and pathway tracing methods, as tools for testing hypotheses about the mechanism of neural evolution is reviewed. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain aspects of neural evolution, including the occurrence of encephalization, quantitative changes in homologous cell populations, changes in the alignment, orientation and parcellation of neuronal populations into cytoarchitectonic units, and the appearance of new neuronal phenotypes. It is argued here that neural evolution must be viewed as a set of coordinated changes in neural circuits, rather than as a set of discrete events. For illustrative purposes the present discussion focuses on the use of histochemical methods in testings hypotheses about neural evolution in the basal ganglia system of amniotes. Three problem areas are considered: the bases for (1) differences in the alignment and organization of catecholaminergic and noncatecholaminergic neurons into cytoarchitectonic fields within the substantia nigra; (2) differences in the relative size and neurotransmitter organization of the caudal nigral cell groups and (3) differences in the organization of pallidal efferent systems, including the organization of pallidal-pretectal and pallidal-thalamic projection systems. Furthermore, the role of comparative data in framing hypotheses concerning the adaptive significance of such changes is also considered. Journal Article Brauth, S. E.;Reiner, A. 1991 Calcitonin-gene related peptide is an evolutionarily conserved marker within the amniote thalamo-telencephalic auditory pathway J Comp Neurol 313 2 227-39 Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology; Animal; Auditory Pathways/anatomy & histology/*chemistry; Biological Markers; Brain Mapping; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/*analysis; Comparative Study; Efferent Pathways/anatomy & histology/chemistry; *Evolution; Geniculate Bodies/anatomy & histology/chemistry; Models, Biological; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*analysis; Pigeons/anatomy & histology; Rats/anatomy & histology; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Telencephalon/anatomy & histology/*chemistry; Thalamic Nuclei/anatomy & histology/*chemistry; Turtles/anatomy & histology The distribution of neurons and fibers containing calcitonin-gene- related peptide (CGRP) was mapped in the thalamo-telencephalic auditory pathways of four amniote species, rats, pigeons (Columba livia), caiman (Caiman crocodilus), and turtles (Pseudemys scripta). In colchicine- treated turtles and pigeons, numerous CGRP+ perikarya were observed in the auditory relay nucleus of the thalamus (n. reuniens of reptiles, and n. ovoidalis of birds). In pigeons, these neurons were most abundant in the outer circumference of the nucleus and were not observed without colchicine pretreatment. In the telencephalon of turtles, caiman, and pigeons, CGRP+ fibers were observed within portions of the dorsal ventricular ridge previously shown to receive projections from the auditory thalamus, thus implying that the thalamic CGRP+ neurons observed here in fact project to these telencephalic areas. In colchicine treated rats, numerous CGRP+ perikarya were observed along the ventral margin of the medial geniculate nucleus extending into the posterior intralaminar and peripeduncular nuclei, as well as occasionally within the ventral subdivision of the medial geniculate nucleus. Injections of fluorogold into the auditory cortex combined with immunofluorescence labeling for CGRP revealed that CGRP+ cells in these areas do, in fact, project to the auditory cortices. The present results are interpreted as providing strong support for the theory, advanced previously, that the medial geniculate nucleus of mammals, nucleus ovoidalis of birds, and nucleus reuniens of reptiles contain at least some homologous cell populations. Although the data are consistent with the theory that the telencephalic projection fields are homologous, other interpretations are also consistent with the data presented here. These include the possibility that auditory thalamic projections to the telencephalon arose independently in the lines of evolution leading to mammals and sauropsids. Journal Article Brayton, C. 1992 Wasting disease associated with cutaneous and renal nematodes, in commercially obtained Xenopus laevis Tropical Veterinary Medicine : Current Issues Perspectives? ?? Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, infection, helminth, nematode, wasting disease Book Section Brazaitis, P.;Yamashita, C.;Rebelo, G. 1990 A summary report of the CITES central South American caiman study: Phase I: Brazil Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 100-115 Book Brazaitis, Peter;Watanabe, Myrna E. 1992 Snakes of the World New York Crecent Books 176 Journal Article Breen, Dave 1992 Reptile respect... the time has come Captive Breeding 1 1 18-19 Journal Article Breidenbach, Carla Harvey 1990 Thermal cues influence strikes in pitless vipers Journal of Herpetology 24 4 448-50 Crotalus, viridis, Bitis, arietans, Vipera, russelli, feeding Journal Article Breininger, D. R.;P. A. Schmalzer;Hinkle, C. R. 1991 Estimating occupancy of gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows in coastal scrub and slash pine flatwoods J. Herpetol. 25 317-321 Journal Article Breitling, Rainer 1992 Die Fortbewegung der Schlangen Herpetofauna 14 78 22-34 Snake locomotion Journal Article Breßeler, Helga 1991 Bibliographie Herpetologischer Bibliographien II. Amphibia, Reptilia. Bibliography on Herpetological Bibliographies II. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 140 1-129 Journal Article Breuer, P.;Viertel, B. 1990 The ecology of common toad larvae (Bufo bufo) and common frog larvae (Rana temporaria) I. The survival rate influenced by rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Acta Biol. Benrodis 2 225-244 Amphibia, Anura, larvae, tadpoles, predation, mortality, fish, predators, Bufonidae, Ranidae Journal Article Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr;McCreedy, Clark D.;Zippler, Howard S.;Staton, Mark A. 1990 Extended maintenance of American alligators on a dry formulated ration Proceedings of the 10th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union 1 16-31 alligator mississippiensis captivity Book Section Brisbin, I. Lehr 1990 Growth curve analysis and their application to the conservation and captive management of crocodilians King, F. W. Proceedings of the Ninth Working Group Meeting of the IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group Gland, Switzerland International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 116-145 Book Section Brisbin, I.L., Jr.;Ross, C.A.;Downes, M.C.;Gammon, B. 1990 The compilation of a cross-indexed topical bibliography for the American alligator A study of trends in the literature concerning an endangered species Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-88032-306-1 xxviii + 446 pp. 124-131 Book Section Brisbin, I.L., Jr. 1990 Growth curve analyses and their applications to the conservation and captive management of crocodilians Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 116-145 Book Section Brisbin, I.L., Jr.;McCreedy, C.D.;Zippler, H.S.;Staton, M.A. 1990 Extended maintenance of American alligators on a dry formulated ration Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 16-31 AM, farming, food, Book Section Brisbin, I. Lehr;Benner, J. Merlin;Brandt, Laura A.;Kennamer, Robert A.;Murphy, Thomas M. 1992 Long-term population studies of American alligators inhabiting a reservoir: Initial responses to water level drawdown Crocodiles - Proceedings of the 11th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the SSC of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe IUCN 1 53-76 Alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Briscoe, D. A.;Malpica, J. M.;Robertson, A.;smith, Gabrielle J.;Frankham, R.;Banks, R. G.;Barker, J. S. F. 1992 Rapid loss of genetic variation in large captive populations of Drosophila flies: Implications for the genetic management of captive populations Conservation Biology 6 3 416-425 crotalus atrox texas Book Section Briseño-Dueñas, Raquel;Abreu-Grobois, F. Alberto;González-Farías, Fernando;Río-Olmeda, Daniel;Heiden, Albert van der;Robles, Sebastián;Angeles Herrera, María de los 1992 Propuesta del instituto de ciencias del mar y limnolgia, UNAM, para el establecimiento de un Banco de Información sobre Tortugas Marinas en Mexico Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 59-63 Sea turtles; Mexico Journal Article Brittain, T.;Wells, R.M. 1991 An investigation of the cooperative functioning of the haemoglobin of the crocodile, Crocodylus porosus Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 98 4 641-646 CPR, biochemistry, Journal Article Broadley, D. G. 1991 A review of the Namibian snakes of the genus Lycophidion (Serpentes: Colubridae), with the description of a new endemic species Annals of the Transvaal Museum 35 14 209-215 Namibia; systematics; serpentes; Colubridae; Lycophidion namibianum n. sp.; Lycophidion hellmichi; Lycophidion capense; taxonomic key Journal Article Broadley, Donald G. 1992 The taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus Lycophidian (Serpentes: Colubridae) Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 40 30-36 irroratum capense nigromaculatum variegatum albomaculatum semicinctum skull parietal crests laterale ornatum semiannule minor uzungwense namibianum meleagre taylori multimaculatum depressirostre hellmichi phenetics distribution Thesis Broadwell, A.L. 1991 Effects of beach renourishment on the survival of loggerhead sea turtles Book Section Broadwell, Ann L. 1991 Effects of beach renourishment on the survival of loggerhead sea turtle nests Michael, Salmon and Jeannette, Wyneken Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFC-**** 21-23 loggerhead Journal Article Brochu, C.A. 1992 Late-stage ontogenetic changes in the postcranium of crocodylians J. Vert. Paleontol. 6 209-214 anatomy, embryology, growth, Thesis Brochu, C.A. 1992 Ontogeny of the postcranium in crocodylomorph archosaurs Journal Article Brock, Joachim;Trutnau, Ludwig 1992 Die farben bei Krokodilen und ihre biologische Bedeutung Herpetofauna 14 81 27-32 Crocodiles; Color change Journal Article Brockes, J. P. 1992 Introduction of a retinoid reporter gene into the urodele limb blastema Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 23 11386-90 Animal; DNA, Recombinant; Extremities/*physiology; Gene Expression Regulation; Microinjections; Plasmids; *Regeneration; Salamandridae; Tretinoin/*metabolism After amputation of the limb of an adult urodele amphibian at any point along the proximodistal axis, blastemal cells (the progenitor cells of the regenerate) give rise only to the missing structures. Retinoic acid (RA) is able to respecify the positional identity of the blastema to a more proximal value, thus raising the possibility that the RA response system is activated during limb regeneration. Cultured newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) limb cells were transfected by nuclear microinjection of plasmids which provided RA-sensitive reporter activity that could be normalized for differences in cell recovery and transfection efficiency. Such cells showed a dose-dependent response to RA in culture, and this required a functional RA response element. The cells were implanted under the wound epidermis of newt hindlimb blastemas. After injection of a proximalizing dose of RA there was a significant difference in the level of reporter activity dependent on a functional response element. When cells were implanted into contralateral proximal and distal hindlimb blastemas the proximal-to- distal ratio for activation of the reporter through the response element was approximately 3.5-fold, suggesting that a gene whose expression is regulated by RA could be differentially activated along the proximodistal axis during limb regeneration. Journal Article Brodbeck, M. 1990 Parasitology survey of the gastro-intestinal tract of reptiles in the Basel Zoo and some private collections Zoo. Garten 60 297-313 reptilia Testudines, infection, helminth, parasites 140391 WS DGB Reptielen 121 Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., III;Brodie, Edmund, D., Jr 1990 Tetrodotoxin resistance in garter snakes: An evolutionary responce of predators to dangerous prey Evolution 44 3 651-659 thamnophis sirtalis taricha granulosa Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., III 1990 Genetics of the garter's getaway Natural History 1990 7 45-50 thamnophis escape defense Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Datong, Yang 1990 Antipredator behavior of Chinese salamanders (Salamandridae) Zoological Research 11 1 7-17 cynops cyanura paramesotriton chinensis orientalis caudopunctatus tylototriton verrucosus echinotriton andersoni pachytriton brevipes Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Formanowicz, Daniel R., Jr.;Brodie, Edmund D., III 1991 Predator avoidance and antipredator mechanisms: distinct pathways to survival Ethology Ecology & Evolution 3 73-77 Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., III;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1991 Evolutionary response of predators to dangerous prey: reduction of toxicity of newts and resistance of garter snakes in island populations Evolution 45 1 221-224 taricha granulosa thamnophis sirtalis Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Ducey, Peter K.;Baness, Elizabeth A. 1991 Antipredator skin secretions of some tropical salamanders (Bolitoglossa) are toxic to snake predators Biotropica 23 1 58-62 rostrata subpalmata thamnophis sirtalis fulvus Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Rehák, Ivan;Schöttler, Thomas 1991 Antipredator mechanisms of salamandrids: Observations on Paramesotriton deloustali, Neurergus strauchii and Mertensiella luschani Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary 83-87 Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D.;Ducey, Peter K.;Lemos-Espinal, Julio 1991 Antipredator behavior of the salamander Bolitoglossa rufescens: effects of temperature and location of stimulus Journal of Herptetology 25 1 99-101 antipredator, plethodontid, thermal biology Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D.;Ducey, Peter K. 1991 Antipredator skin secretions of some tropical salamanders (Bolitoglossa) are toxic to snake predators Biotropica 23 1 58-62 Caudata, Bolitoglossa, antipredator behavior, Thamnophis Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Rehák, Ivan;Schöttler, Thomas 1992 Antipredator mechanisms of salamandrids: Observations on Paramesotriton deloustali, Neurergus strauchii and Mertensiella luschani Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica. 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary 83-87 Journal Article Brodkin, M. A.;Simon, M. P.;Desantis, A. M.;Boyer, K. J. 1992 Response of Rana pipiens to graded doses of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa J Herpetol 26 4 490-495 Amphibia, anura, frog,Rana pipiens , infection, bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa The responses of lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues of Rana pipiens to a reportedly virulent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC#27853) were assessed by intraperitoneal injections of graded doses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10(7)-10(8)/ml). Frogs kept for 10-14 days at 22 and 29 C were examined with respect to spleen weight, spleen cell density, and presence of viable P. aeruginosa within the spleen. Inoculation of very high doses of P. aeruginosa had no significant effect on mortality at the lower treatment temperatures, but was a significant cause of mortality at higher temperatures under high stress conditions. Spleen mass and spleen cell density were dose-dependent. Journal Article Brooks, R.J.;Brown, G.P.;Galbraith, D.A. 1990 Effects of a sudden increase in natural mortality of adults on a population of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 1314-1319 Survivorship, mortality, population dynamics Journal Article Brooks, R.J., Brown, G.P.,Galbraith, D.A., 1991 Effects of a Sudden Increase in Natural Mortality of Adults on a Population of the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra-Serpentina) Canadian Journal of Zoology - Journal Canadien de Zoologie 69 5 1314-1320 Animal Sciences , Reptilia , Chelonia RJ Brooks,Univ Guelph,Dept Zool,Guelph N1G 2W1,Ontario, Canada Journal Article Brooks, R. J.;Bobyn, M.L.;Galbraith, J.A.;Layfield, J.A.;Nancekivell, E.G. 1991 Maternal and environmental influences on growth and survival of embryonic and hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). Can. J. Zool. 69 2667-2676 Reptilia, testudines, snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, growth, survival, hatchling Journal Article Brooks, R.J.;Brown, G.P.;Galbraith, D.A. 1991 Effects of a Sudden Increase in Natural Mortality of Adults on a Population of the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra-Serpentina) Canadian Journal of Zoology - Journal Canadien de Zoologie 69 5 1314-1320 Animal Sciences , Reptilia , Chelonia RJ Brooks,Univ Guelph,Dept Zool,Guelph N1G 2W1,Ontario, Canada Journal Article Brooks, R.J.;Bobyn, M.L.;Galbraith, D.A.;Layfield, J.A.;Nancekivell, E.G. 1991 Maternal and environmental influences on growth and survival of embryonic and hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 2667-2676 sex ratio Book Section Brooks, Ronald J. 1992 Monitoring wildlife populations in long-term studies Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 94-97 Book Section Brooks, Ronald J. 1992 Intensive monitoring: Biology of amphibians in Canada Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 106-108 Journal Article Brooks, R.J.;Shilton, C.M.;Brown, G.P.;Quinn, N.W.S. 1992 Body size, age distribution, and reproduction in a northern population of wood turtles (Clemmys insculpta) Canadian Journal of Zoology 70 462-469 SSD Journal Article Brooks, Ronald J.;Shilton, Cathy M.;Brown, Gregory P.;Quinn, Norman W. S. 1992 Body size, age distribution, and reproduction in a northern population of wood turtles (Clemmys insculpta) Canadian Journal of Zoology 70 3 462-469 Journal Article Brown, G. P.;Brooks, R. J.;Layfield, J. A. 1990 Radiotelemetry of body temperatures of free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) during summer Canadian Journal of Zoology 68 1659-1663 Reptiles, turtles, Chelydra serpentina, radiotelemetry, temperature, basking, thermal gradient, Ontario, Journal Article Brown, Gregory P.;Brooks, Ronald J.;Layfield, James A. 1990 Radiotelemetry of body temperatures in free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) during summer Canandian Journal of Zoology 68 1659-1663 radiotelemetry, thermoregulation, feeding, turtles, snapping Journal Article Brown, H. A. 1990 Morphological variation and age-class determination in overwintering tadpoles of the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei. Journal of Zoology 220 171-184 Journal Article Brown, H. A. 1990 Temperature, thyroxine, and induced metamorphosis in tadpoles of a primitive frog, Ascaphus truei. General and Comparative Endocrinology 79 136-146 Journal Article Brown, H. A. 1990 Temperature, thyroxine, and induced metamorphosis in tadpoles of the primitive frog, Ascaphus. General and Comparative Endocrinology 79 136-146 Journal Article Brown, Lauren E.;Morris, Michael A. 1990 Distribution, habitat, and zoogeography of the Plains Leopard Frog (Rana blairi) in Illinois Illinois Natural History Survey Biological Notes 136 1-6 Journal Article Brown, C.W. 1990 The significance of the south Atlantic equatorial countercurrent to the ecology of the green turtle breeding population of Ascension Island Journal of Herpetology 24 1 81-84 green; migration Book Brown, David E.;Carmony, Neil B. 1991 Gila Monster: Facts and Folklore of America's Aztec Lizard Silver City, New Mexico High-Lonesome Books 127 Journal Article Brown, W. C. 1991 Lizards of the genus Emoia (Scincidae) with observations on their evolution and biogeography Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 15 1-94 reptiles, lizards, distribution, key, accounts, description, relationships Journal Article Brown, S. C.;Brown, P. S.;Yamamoto, K.;Matsuda, K.;Kikuyama, S. 1991 Amphibian prolactins: activity in the eft skin transepithelial potential bioassay Gen Comp Endocrinol 82 1 1-7 Animal; *Biological Assay; Comparative Study; Electrophysiology; Epithelium/drug effects/physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/chemistry; Prolactin/isolation & purification/*pharmacology; Protirelin/pharmacology; *Rana catesbeiana; *Salamandridae; Sheep; Skin/drug effects/*physiology; *Skin Physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. The effects of purified prolactins isolated from frogs (fPRL; Rana catesbeiana) and newts (nPRL; Cynops pyrrhogaster) were compared with those of ovine prolactin (oPRL) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in the eft (Notophthalmus viridescens) skin transepithelial potential (TEP) bioassay. At total doses as low as 0.4 micrograms/animal, both fPRL and nPRL were as effective as oPRL in reducing eft skin TEP. By contrast, TRH at total doses as high as 400 micrograms/animal was ineffective in altering eft skin TEP. These data provide the first direct evidence that amphibian PRLs can exert significant physiological control over salamandrid integumental sodium transport. Journal Article Brown, Gregory P.;Brooks, Ronald J. 1991 Thermal and behavioral responses to feeding in free-ranging turtles, Chelydra serpentina Journal of Herpetology 25 3 273-78 thermoregulation, feeding, turtles, snapping turtles Journal Article Brown, William S. 1991 Female reproductive ecology in a northern population of the timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus Herpetologica 47 1 101-115 reproduction, female, rattlesnake, triennial, maturity Journal Article Brown, Walter C. 1991 Lizards of the genus Emoia (Scincidae) with observations on their evolution and biogeography Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 15 vi, 1-94 Book Brown, David E.;Carmony, Neil B. 1991 Gila Monster: Facts and Folklore of America's Aztec Lizard Silver City, NM High-Lonesome Books 131 Book Section Brown, William S. 1992 Emergence, ingress, and seasonal captures at dens of northern timber rattlesnakes, Crotalus horridus Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 251-258 dens hibernation ecology demography conservation Book Section Brown, Timothy W.;Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1992 Autecology of the Mojave desert sidewinder, Crotalus cerastes cerastes, at kelso dunes, Mojave desert, California, USA Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 279-308 fecundity reproduction thermoregulation movement density Journal Article Brown, C.A.;Wassersug, R.J.;Naitoh, T. 1992 Metamorphic Changes in the Vagal Innervation to the Alimentary Tract in the Green Frog, Rana clamitans (Ranidae) Acta Anat 145 4 340-344 Tadpole; Frog; Anura; Vagus; Gastric Innervation; Metamorphosis; Viscera; Rana-Clamitans; IX-X COMPLEX; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; CATESBEIANA; MORPHOLOGY; TADPOLES; NEURONS; ORIGIN; GUT Journal Article Brown, Mary B.;Jacobson, Elliott R.;Fuerst, Isabella M.;Klein, Paul A. 1992 Mycoplasmal respiratory disease: Overview, similarities, and potential lessons for upper respiratory tract disease in the desert tortoise Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 8-9 Journal Article Brown, Stephen B. 1992 Microhabitat relations of some snakes and lizards in Tamil Nadu, South India Hamadryad 17 35-38 Microhabitat relations; Community ecology; India Journal Article Brown, Stephen B. 1992 India's herpetofauna: A plea for standardised distributional records Hamadryad 17 52-53 Journal Article Brown, Lauren E. 1992 Rana blairi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 536 1-6 Journal Article Brown, Lauren E.;Smith, Hobart M.;Funk, Richard S. 1992 Rana sphenocephala Cope, 1886 (Amphibia, Anura): given precedence over Rana utricularius Harlan, 1826 Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 49 2 171-173 Journal Article Brown, C. A.;Wassersug, R. J.;Naitoh., T. 1992 Metamorphic changes in the vagal stimulation of the alimentary tract in the green frog, Rana clamitans (Ranidae). Acta Anat. 145 340-344 Journal Article Brown, E. E. 1992 Notes on amphibians and reptiles of the western Piedmont of North Carolina Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 108 1 38-54 Journal Article Brown, Walter C.;McCoy, Michael;Rodda, Gordon H. 1992 A new Lepidodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Guadalcanal Island, Solomons Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105 3 440-442 Lepidodactylus flaviocularis sp. nov. Journal Article Browne-Cooper, R.;Maryan, B. 1990 Observations of Ctenotus angusticeps Herpetofauna 20 1 1-2 Ctenotus angusticeps Journal Article Browne-Cooper, R. 1990 Aquatic behaviour in Hemiergis peronii (Scincidae) Herpetofauna 20 1 33-34 Hemiergis peronii Journal Article Brönmark, C.;Rundle, S. D.;Erlandsson., A. 1991 Interactions between freshwater snails and tadpoles: competition and facilitation Oecologia 87 8-18 Journal Article Bruce, R. C.;N. G. Hairston, Jr. 1990 Life-history correlates of body-size differences between two populations of the salamander, Desmognathus monticola. Journal of Herpetology 24 126-134 Journal Article Bruce, Richard C.;Hairston, Nelson G. 1990 Life-history correlates of body-size differences between two populations of salamander, Desmognathus monticola Journal of Herpetology 24 2 124-134 Journal Article Bruner, John Clay 1991 A catalogue of type specimens of fossil vertebrates in the Field Museum of Natural History. Classes Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, and Ichnites Fieldiana: Geology n.s. 22 iv, 1-51 Book Bruno, Silvio;Maugeri, Stefano 1990 Serpenti D'Italia e D'Europa Milano Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori 223 Europe; Snakes Journal Article Brussard, Peter F. 1991 The Desert Tortoise Recovery Team: progress report [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 292 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article BUBE, A.;BURCKHARDT, E.;WEIß, R. 1991 Systemic chromomycosis (Chromoblastomycosis) in the Aga toad (Bufo marinus) 4. Int. symp. pathol. ther. rept. and amphib. Bad Nauheim 27.-29.9. 75-82 Amphibia, anura, Bufo marinus, infection, mycosis, Cladiosporium In two of three B. marinus chromomycosis was diagnosed. Case one showed neurologic signs caused by a severe granulomatous encephalomeningitis. Numerous pseudohyphae, hyphae and sclerotic bodies were present in the lesions. Case 2 showed a multifocal, in part ulcerative dermatitis. At necropsy there were multiple granulomas in the nasal cavity, lungs, heart, spleen, bone marrow, ovaries and skin. Cladosporium cladosporioides (Frescenius) was isolated. Journal Article BUBE, A.;BURCKHARDT, E.;WEIß, R. 1992 Spontaneous chromomycosis in the marine toad (Bufo marinus ). J. Comp. Pathol. 106 73-77 Amphibia, toad, aga toad, Bufo marinus, mycosis, chromomycosis, chromoblastomycosis One animal showed neurological disorders and the other multifocal dermatitis. In one case lesions consisted of a severe granulomatous encephalomyelitis and in the other of multiple granulomas in the nasal cavity, lungs, heart, bone marrow, ovaries and skin. Histlologically, the lesions revealed varying amounts of dark brown fungal elements, predominantly sclerotic bodies indicative of a mycotic infection due to a pigmented fungus. Journal Article Buckley, Lawrence J.;Axtell, Ralph W. 1990 Ctenosaura palearis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 491 1-3 Journal Article Buckley, Robert 1991 Experiments with habitat trees: notes on the captive management of chameleons Vivarium 3 3 10-18;28-30 Journal Article Buenviaje, G.N.;Ladds, P.W.;Melville, L. 1992 Poxvirus infection in two crocodiles Austr. Vet. J. 69 1 15-16 farm, disease, virus, Australia, Journal Article Bugra, K.;Jacquemin, E.;Ortiz, J. R.;Jeanny, J. C.;Hicks, D. 1992 Analysis of opsin mRNA and protein expression in adult and regenerating newt retina by immunology and hybridization J Neurocytol 21 3 171-83 Animal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Eye Proteins/*genetics; *Gene Expression; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Notophthalmus viridescens; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Photoreceptors/chemistry/metabolism; Regeneration/*physiology; Retina/*physiology; RNA, Messenger/*analysis/metabolism Rod photoreceptor cells were analysed in adult and regenerating Notophthalmus viridescens retinae using a combination of immunochemical and molecular biological approaches. Monoclonal anti-rhodopsin antibody (Rho-4D2) labelled rod but not cone photoreceptors in adult newt retinae. The antibody bound to the entire cell body, from the synaptic ending through to the outer segment, as examined by light and electron immunocytochemistry. The antibody labelled two bands of 35 and 56 kDa in Western blots of urodele retinal preparations separated by gel electrophoresis. In situ hybridization with radiolabelled anti-sense riboprobes specific for bovine opsin revealed intense patches of silver grains overlying approximately 50% of photoreceptor inner segment myoid regions; no signal above background was detected elsewhere in the retina, or with radiolabelled sense riboprobe controls. Northern blot analysis using the probe on poly A(+) mRNA of adult newt retinae indicated a single band of 1.5 kb, corresponding to the opsin transcript. Following surgical removal of the original retina in test animals, retinal regeneration was studied by sampling tissue from 0-50 days post-surgery. The reappearance of opsin immunoreactivity was examined by light microscopical techniques. No opsin expression was detected in regenerating tissue prior to 16 days. Subsequent to this time, rho-4D2 bound to cells in central areas in which substantial lamination of the new retina had already occurred, and was limited to the scleral border. At no time was any immunoreactivity observed in more peripheral undifferentiated tissue. Thus the reformation of a functional retina seems to follow the same control mechanisms as during development, photoreceptor redifferentiation being at least partly governed by positional or environmental cues. Journal Article Buhlmann, K.A.;Vaughan, M.R. 1991 Ecology of the turtle Pseudemys concinna in the New River, West Virgina Journal of Herpetology 25 1 72-78 ecology Book Section Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Mitchell, Joseph C.;Pague, Christopher A. 1992 Amphibians and small mammal abundance and diversity in saturated forested wetlands and adjacent uplands of southeastern Virginia Proceedings of a Workshop on Saturated Forested Wetlnds in the Mid-Atlantic Region: The State of the Science Annapolis 1-7 Journal Article Buiter , R.M. , Schaftenaar ,W. ,Dieleman ,S.J. , 1992 Application of faecal steroid analysis tom several zoo animals in the Netherlands and Belgium First International Symposium on Faecal Steroid Monitoring in Zoo animals 21-24 progesterone ,RIA ,mammalia proboscidea elephantidae ,Elephas ,artiodactyla ,Okapia Proceedings* Journal Article Bullock, D. J.;Evans, P. G. H. 1990 The distribution, density and biomass of terrestrial reptiles in Dominica, West Indies Journal of Zoology London 222 421-443 35, Dominica, reptiles, tropics, density, biomass Journal Article Bulova, Susan J. 1992 Observation on burrow use by captive desert tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 143-150 Journal Article Burd, G. D. 1992 Development of the olfactory nerve in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis: II. Effects of hypothyroidism. Journal of Comparative Neurology 315 255-263 Journal Article Burger, Joanna 1990 Reponse of hatchling pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) to chemical cues of sympatric snakes Copeia 1990 4 1160-1163 Lampropeltis triangulum getulus getula Journal Article Burger, Joanna 1990 Effects of incubation temperature on behavior of young black racers (Coluber constrictor) and kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getulus) Journal of Herpetology 24 2 158-163 getula fecundity clutch size distribution Journal Article Burger, J. 1990 Response of hatchling pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) to chemical cues of sympatric snakes Copeia 1990 4 1160-1163 Journal Article Burger, J. 1990 Following of conspecific and avoidance of predator chemical cues by pine snakes J. Chem. Ecol. 15 3 799-806 Journal Article Burger, J.;Gochfeld, M. 1991 Burrow site selection by black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) at Palo Verde, Costa Rica Journal of Herpetology 25 4 430-435 Reptiles, lizards, Central America, reproduction, burrows, behavior, thermal constraints, predation Journal Article Burger, J.;Boarman, W.;Kurzava, L.;Gochfeld, M. 1991 Effect of experience with pine (Pituophis melanoleucus) and King (Lampropletis getulus) snake odors on Y-maze behavior of pine snake hatchlings J. Chem. Ecol. 17 1 79-87 Journal Article Burger, J.;Zappalorti, R. T. 1991 Nesting behavior of pine snakes (Pituophis m. melanoleucus) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens Journal of Herpetology 25 2 152-159 nesting, burrows, digging, Pituophis Journal Article Burger, J. 1991 Effects of incubation temperature on behavior of hatchling pine snakes: implications for reptilian distribution Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 28 297-303 tsd Journal Article Burger, J. 1991 Effects of incubation temperature on behavior of hatchling pine snakes: implications for survival Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 43 11-18 tsd; temperature; survival Journal Article Burger, Joanna;Zappalorti, R. T. 1992 Philopatry and nesting phenology of pine snakes Pituophis melanoleucus in the New Jersey Pine Barrens Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 30 331-336 nest site egg laying Journal Article Burger, J.;Zappalorti, R. T.;Dowdell, J.;Gerogiadis, T.;Hill, J.;Gochfeld, M. 1992 Subterranean predation on pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus) Journal of Herpetology 26 3 259-263 predation, pine snake ,Pituophis melanoleucus, subterranean, New Jersey Pine Barrens Journal Article Burger, J.;Zappalorti, R. T.;Dowdell, J.;Georgiadis, T. 1992 Subterranean predation on pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) Journal of Herpetology 26 259-263 predation, foxes, shrews, skunk, pine snakes Journal Article Burgess, T. 1991 Fox snake - Elaphe vulpina THAMES AND CHILTERN HERPETOLOGICAL GROUP NEWSLETTER No 113 7 Journal Article Burggren, W. W.;R. L. Infantino, Jr.;Townsend., D. S. 1990 Developmental changes in cardiac and metabolic physiology of the direct-developing tropical frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Journal of Experimental Biology 152 129-147 Journal Article Burggren, Warren W.;Infantino, Robert L., Jr.;Townsend, Daniel S. 1990 Developmental changes in cardiac and metabolic physiology of the direct-developing tropical frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Journal of Experimental Biology 152 129-147 Journal Article Burghardt, G. M. 1991 Cognitive etholohy and critical anthromorphism: a snake with two heads and hognose snakes that play dead In Cognitive Ethology: The Minds of Other Animals 53-90 evolution, reproduction, environment, behavior Journal Article Burke, C. W. 1990 The anterior pituitary, snakebite and Sheehan's syndrome [editorial] Q J Med 75 276 331-3 Thesis Burke, V.J. 1990 Seasonal ecology of Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles in the waters of Long Island, New York Journal Article Burke, Russell L. 1990 Conservation of the World's rarest tortoise Conservation Biology 4 2 122-124 Journal Article Burke, Russell L. 1991 Relocations, repatriations, and translocations of amphibians and reptiles: Taking a broader view Herpetologica 47 3 350-357 Journal Article Burke, Ann Campbell 1991 The development and evolution of the turtle body plan: inferring intrinsic aspects of the evolutionary process from experimental embryology American Zoologist 31 616-627 Journal Article Burnell, K. L.;Hedges, S. B. 1990 Relationships of West Indian Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae): An approach using slow-evolving protein loci Caribbean Journal of Science 26 1-2 7-30 Anolis, anole, lizard, slow-evolving protein loci, Iguanidae, electrophoresis, West Indian, Caribbean, genetic, phylogeny, reptiles Book Section Burney, C.M.;Mattison, C. 1992 The effects of egg relocation and beach renourishment on the nesting and hatching success of Caretta caretta in Broward County, Florida, 1991 (compiler), L.S. Tait New Directions in Beach Management - Proc. 5th Ann. Nat. Conf. on Beach Preserv. Technol. Tallahassee, FL Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Assoc. 395-407 Journal Article Burrell, M. A.;Villaro, A. C.;Sesma, P. 1992 Evidence for the colocalization of gastrin/CCK- immunoreactive and PYY/PP-immunoreactive substances in the small intestine of the lizard Podarcis hispanica : Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural Study Gen Comp Endocrinol 88 1 40-49 Reptilia, lizard, Podarcis hispanica, gastrin, CCK, small intestine, histology, E.M., immunocytochemistry Although virtually nothing is known concerning the physiological effects of C-terminal gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK) and Peptide tyrosine tyrosine/pancreatic polypeptide (PYY/PP) in reptiles, their cocolonization in the same cells in the intestine of P. hispanica, suggests a close relationship between them in the digestive process Journal Article Bursey, C.R., Goldberg, S.R., 1991 Monthly Prevalences of Physaloptera retusa in Naturally Infected Yarrow's Spiny Lizard Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27 4 710-715 Veterinary Medicine , Animal Health CR Bursey,Penn State Univ,Dept Biol,Shenango Campus,Sharon, PA 16146 Journal Article Bursey, C.R.Goldberg, S.R. 1991 Monthly Prevalences of Physaloptera retusa in Naturally Infected Yarrow's Spiny Lizard Journal of Wildlife Diseases 27 4 710-715 Veterinary Medicine , Animal Health CR Bursey,Penn State Univ,Dept Biol,Shenango Campus,Sharon, PA 16146 Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, R. 1992 Oochoristica bezyi n.sp. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) from the desert night lizard Xanthusia vigilis vigilis (Xanthusiisae) Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 111 1 36-43 Reptilia, sauria, desert night lizard Xanthusia vigilis vigilis , infection, helminth, cestoda, Oochoristica bezyi n.sp. Prevalence of the infection was 16%, mean intensity 3 (range 1-11). This new species represents the eighth species of Oochoristica known to infect North American lizards. O. bezyi is the smallest species thus far described and has a very low number of proglottids (20-30). Details of known species are tabulated. Book Burton, John A. 1991 The Book of Snakes New York Crecent 144 Journal Article Burton, M.S. 1991 Colorado frog watch Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 81-84 amphibia anura bufonidae/Bufo boreas/ ranidae/Rana pipiens/ hylidae/Pseudacris * Journal Article Burton, P. R.;Wentz, M. A. 1992 Neurofilaments are prominent in bullfrog olfactory axons but are rarely seen in those of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum J Comp Neurol 317 4 396-406 Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure; Blotting, Western; Comparative Study; Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Intermediate Filaments/*ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Olfactory Pathways/*cytology/ultrastructure; Rana catesbeiana/*physiology; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tissue Fixation Bullfrog olfactory axons show variable numbers (0-29) of structurally typical neurofilaments (NFs) about 10 nm in diameter. In studies tracking these NFs through serial sections of axons in cross section, they were found to be discontinuous, with a calculated average length of about 118 microns. In contrast to olfactory axons in bullfrogs, those of the tiger salamander Ambystoma trigrinum rarely show NFs. To be certain that the absence of NFs is a specific characteristic of olfactory axons, pieces of salamander spinal cord, optic nerve, and sciatic nerve were examined and found to contain typical NFs. To minimize the possibility that NFs in salamander olfactory axons were degraded or poorly fixed during preparation for electron microscopy, samples were fixed by using a variety of fixative and buffer combinations. To exclude the possibility that proteases degraded NFs during processing, prior to fixation some pieces of olfactory nerve were incubated in physiological saline containing protease inhibitors. Regardless of the preparation method, NFs were generally not seen in salamander olfactory axons. Extracts of salamander olfactory nerve were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoblotting studies with monoclonal antibodies to the three NF subunit proteins. The immunoblots showed negligible or trace amounts of NF-L (light) and NF-H (heavy), while an NF-M (medium) protein having a molecular mass (Mr) of 160 kD was present in abundance. Extracts of salamander spinal cord, on the other hand, showed all three subunit proteins (with Mrs of 230, 160, and 77 kD). If one assumes that cells assemble structural elements to provide for a given function, the findings suggest that NFs in olfactory neurons of bullfrogs provide a function that may be missing in olfactory neurons of the salamander; the evidence also suggests that the absence of NFs in the salamander may be due to a deficiency in two of the three NF subunit proteins. Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce;Corn, Paul Stephen 1991 Sampling methods for amphibians in streams in the Pacific Northwest U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station General technical Report PNW-GTR-275 1-29 sampling techniques survey methods Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce 1991 Desert tortoise research - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 4-8 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Bury, R. Bruce;Esque, Todd C.;Corn, Paul Stephen 1991 Conservation of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii): Genetics and protection of isolated populations Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 59-66 Gopherus agassizii release Book Section Bury, R. Bruce;Corn, Paul Stephen;Aubry, K. B. 1991 Regional patterens of terrestrial amphibian communities in Oregon and Washington Ruggiero, L.F.;Aubry, K. B.;Carey, A. B. and Huff, M. H. Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-Fir Forests Portland Pacific Northwest Research Station 341-350 Book Section Bury, R. Bruce;Corn, Paul Stephen;Aubry, K. B.;Gilbert, F. F.;Jones, L. L. C. 1991 Aquatic amphibian communities in Oregon and Washington Ruggiero, L.F.;Aubry, K. B.;Carey, A. B. and Huff, M. H. Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-Fir Forests Portland Pacific Northwest Research Station 353-362 Book Section Bury, R. Bruce;Corn, Paul Stephen;Aubry, K. B. 1991 Regional patterns of terrestrial amphibian communities in Oregon and Washington Ruggiero, L.F.;Aubry, K. B.;Carey, A. B. and Huff, M. H. Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-Fir Forests Portland Pacific Northwest Research Station 341-350 Journal Article Busack, Stephen D.;McCoy, C. J. 1990 Distribution, variation and biology of Macroprotodon cucullatus (Reptilia, Colubridae, Boiginae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 59 4 261-285 Distribution; Variation; Macroportodon cucullatus; Karyotype Journal Article Bush, B.;Browne-Copper, R.;Maryan, B. 1991 Some suggestions to decrease reptile roadkills in reserves with emphasis on the Western Australian wheatbelt Herpetofauna 21 2 23-24 Conservation; Road-kills Journal Article Bush, B. 1992 Glue traps: An appraisal of their use in residential areas of Perth, Western Australia Herpetofauna 22 1 12-13 Glue traps; Trapping; Surveys Journal Article Bush, Brian 1992 Some records of reproduction in captive lizards and snakes Herpetofauna 22 1 26-30 Ctenophorus reticulatus; Pogona minor; Moloch horridus; Crenadactylus ocellatus; Diplodactylus assimilis; Diplodactylus pulcher; Delma butleri; Pygopus lepidopodus; Pygopus nigriceps; Menetia greyii; Morethia obscura; Pseudonaja affinis; Hemiergis initialis; Hemiergis peronii; Tiliqua occipitalis; Notechis coronatus; Notechis curtus; Notechis mastersii; Notechis scutatus; Rhinocephalus nigriceps Journal Article Buskirk, Jim 1990 Book Review: Turtles of the World Vivarium 2 5 20-21 Book Review Journal Article Buskirk, J. 1990 The plight of the Egyptian tortoise Tortuga Gazette 26 6 7-8 Journal Article Buskirk, James 1991 The spiny-neck turtle (Platemys spixii) in and out of captivity Vivarium 3 2 16-17;30-31 Platemys spixii Journal Article Buskirk, J. R. 1991 More on the plight of the Western pond turtle Nytts NewsNotes Fall 1991 3 3-4 testu,vet PF x Journal Article Buskirk, James 1992 Book Review: Keeping and Breeding Tortoises in Captivity Vivarium 3 6 14 Book Review Journal Article Busse, Klaus 1991 Bemerkungen zum Fortpflanzungsverhalten und zur Zucht von Rhinoderma darwinii. Teil 1: Balz bis Eiablage Herpetofauna 13 71 11-21 Rhinoderma darwinii Journal Article Buttemer, William A. 1990 Effect of temperature on evaporative water loss of the Australian tree frogs Litoria caerulea and Litoria chloris Physiological Zoology 63 5 1043-1057 temperature, frogs, evaporation, water, moisture Journal Article Butterfield, B. P.;Trauth, S. E.;Steward, T. W.;McDaniel, V. R.;McLarty, P. 1991 New county records of amphibians and reptiles from Texas Herpetological Review 22 1 28 Journal Article Bünten, G.;Heuwinkel, H.;Greven, H. 1992 Zur hydroakustik von Pipa carvalhoi Salamandra 28 1 72-85 acoustic communication, advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, distress call, Pipa carvalhoi Journal Article Byrd, C. A.;Burd., G. D. 1991 Development of the olfactory bulb in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis: a morphological and quantitative analysis. Journal of Comparative Neurology 314 79-90 Journal Article Cabrera, M. R. 1991 Novedades y comentarios sobre la corología de Liophis vanzolinii (Serpentes, Colubridae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 7 2 20-21 Liophis vanzolinii Journal Article Cadle, John E.;Dessauer, Herbert C.;Gans, Carl;Gartside, Donald F. 1990 Phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution in uropeltid snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae): allozymes and albumin immunology Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 40 293-320 teretrurus rhinophis uropeltis cylindrophis anilius loxocemus xenopeltis phylogeny biogeography Sri Lanka India systematics Journal Article Cadle, John E.;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1990 Two new species of Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) from northwestern Peru Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 3 746-768 Amphibia, anura, centrolenidae, new species, Peru, C. euhystriz, C. hesperia, reproduction, behavior, vocalizations, laral morphology, Journal Article Cadle, John E.;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1990 Two new species of Centrolenella (Anura: Centrolenidae) from Northwestern Peru Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 3 746-768 Journal Article Cadle, John E.;McDiarmid, Roy W. 1990 Two new species of Centronella (Anura: Centrolenidae) from northwestern Peru Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 3 746-768 Journal Article Cadle, J. E.;Dessauer, H. C.;Gans, C.;Gartside, D. F. 1990 Phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution in uropeltid snakes (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) allozymes and albumin immunology Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 40 293-320 Uropeltidae, Anilidae, Serpentes, phylogeny, allozymes, microcomplement fixation, molecular evolution, biogeography, Sri Lanka, India, systematics Journal Article Cadle, John E.;Altig, Ronald 1991 Two lotic tadpoles from the andes of southern Peru: Hyla armata and Bufo veraguensis, with notes on the call of Hyla armata (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae and Bufonidae) Studies on the Neotropical Fauna and Environment 26 1 45-53 Journal Article Cadle, J. E. 1991 Systematics of lizards of the Genus Stenocercus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) From Northern Peru: New species and comments on relationships and distribution patterns Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 143 1-96 systematics, lizards, genus, Stenocercus, Iguania, Tropiduridae, Peru, new species, relationships, distribution patterns Journal Article Cadle, J. E.;Altig., R. 1991 Two lotic tadpoles from the Andes of southern Peru: Hyla armata and Bufo veraguensis, with notes on the call of Hyla armata (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae and Bufonidae). Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 26 45-53 Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1991 Systematics of lizards of the genus Stenocercus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from northern Perú: New species and comments on relationships and distribution patterns Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 143 1-96 Stenocercus percultus sp. nov.; Stenocercus huancabambae sp. nov.; Sternocercus imitator sp. nov.; Stenocercus eunetopsis sp. nov.; Stenocercus chlorostictus sp. nov. Book Section Cadle, John E. 1992 Phylogenetic relationships among vipers: immunological evidence Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 41-48 bothrops evolution systematics crotalus bitis causus azemiops lachesis trimeresurus agkistrodon Book Section Cadle, John E. 1992 Phylogenetic relationships among vipers: Immunological evidence Campbell, J. A. and E. D. Brodie, Jr. Biology of the Pitvipers Tyler, Texas Selva 41-48 phylogenetic, relationships, vipers, immunological evidence Journal Article Cadle, J. E. 1992 On Colombian snakes Herpetologica 48 134-143 Serpentes, South America, Neotropics, Columbia, Snakes, Squamata Journal Article Caillouet, C.W.Jr.;Duronslet, M.J.;Landry, A. M.;Revera, D. B.;Shaver, D. J.;Stanley, K. M.;Heinly, R. W.;Stabenau, E. K. 1991 Sea turtle strandings and shrimp fishing effort in the northwestern gulf of Mexico, 1986-89 Fishery Bulletin (US) 89 712-718 conservation Journal Article Caldwell, J. P.;Myers, C. W. 1990 A new poison frog from Amazonian Brazil, with further revision of the quinquevittatus group of Dendrobates American Museum Novitates 2988 1-21 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, mouth parts Journal Article Caldwell, J. P. 1991 A new species of toad in the genus Bufo from Para, Brazil, with an unusual breeding site Papéis Avulsos Zoology (São Paulo) 37 26 389-400 amphibians, species description, morphology, castaneoticus Journal Article Caldwell, Janalee P. 1991 A new species of toad in the genus Bufo from Pará, Brazil, with an unusual breeding site Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 37 26 389-400 Bufo castaneoticus sp. nov. Book Section Caldwell, J. P. 1992 Diversity of reproductive modes in Anurans: Faculatative nest construction in Gladiator frogs Hamlett, W. C. Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates New York Springer-Verlag 85-97 amphibians, frogs, reproduction, nesting, foam nests, Journal Article Calgula, A.;Köhler, G. 1991 Ectoparasites, mites and their therapy in the green iguana.. Außenparasiten / Milben und deren Bekämpfung bei Iguana iguana; Anmerkungen zur Milbenbehandlung beim Grünen Leguan Iguana Rundschr 1 24-26 Reptilia, sauria, iguana iguana, infection, mites, acarina, therapy echsen,vet,paras PF x Book Section Callan, Harold G. 1991 Centromere fusions and telomere fusions during meiosis in Amphibia Amphibian cytogenetics and evolution Academic Press, Inc. 217-231 Amphibia, Urodela, Lissamphibia, Triturus karelinii, karyotype, technique, evolution, cytogenetics, taxonomy, systematics, phylogenetics, chromosome, RNA, DNA, monoclonal antibody Journal Article Callard, I.P.;Fileti, L.A.;Perez, L.E.;Sorbera, L.A.;Giannoukos, G.;Klosterman, L.L.;Tsang, P.;Mccracken, J.A. 1992 Role of the Corpus Luteum and Progesterone in the Evolution of Vertebrate Viviparity Am Zool 32 2 264-275 OVINE GONADOTROPINS FSH; TURTLE CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; PLASMA PROGESTERONE; HORMONAL-REGULATION; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; SCELOPORUS-JARROVI; THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; OVULATORY CYCLE Journal Article Callard, G. V. 1992 Autocrine and paracrine role of steroids during spermatogenesis: studies in Squalus acanthias and Necturus maculosus J Exp Zool 261 2 132-42 Animal; Dogfish; Forecasting; Male; Mammals; Necturus; Spermatogenesis/*physiology; Steroids/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Testis/cytology/physiology Due to a cystic mode of spermatogenesis and zonal testes, the spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) and salamander (Necturus maculosus) are advantageous for studying the relationship between steroidogenesis and germ cell development. Direct analysis of steroidogenic enzymes and steroid receptors in staged tissue samples, together with light and electron microscopic observation, suggests that androgens and estrogens produced by Sertoli cells or Leydig cells immediately before or after spermiation serve as intratesticular regulators of events specific to premeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. These correlative data are consistent with limited observations in mammalian testis and provide a conceptual framework for direct testing of functional interactions between spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in future studies. Journal Article Camarillo R., José L. 1990 Xenosaurus grandis en el Estado de Hidalgo, México Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 2 2 17-18 Xenosaurus grandis; Mexico Journal Article Cameau, Stephen;Lance, Valentine A;Hicks, James W 1992 Purification and biological activity of alligator bradykinin American Journal of Physiology 263 2 R400-404 Journal Article Camilleri, Caroline;Shine, Richard 1990 Sexual dimorphism and dietary divergence: differences in trophic morphology between male and female snakes Copeia 1990 3 649-658 Journal Article Camp, C. D.;Condee, C. E.;Lovell., G. 1990 Oviposition, larval development, and metamorphosis in the wood frog, Rana sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae) in Georgia. Brimleyana 16 17-21 Journal Article Camp, R. J.;Knight, R. L.;Knight, H.A.L.;Sherman, M.W. 1992 Food habits of nesting common ravens in the eastern Mojave Desert Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 117 Journal Article Campbell, T. S. 1990 The Atlantic loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta caretta) League Fla. Herpetol. Soc. Newsl. July 13-15 Caretta caretta Journal Article Campbell, J. A. and T. M. Kubin. 1990 A key to the larvae of Plectrohyla (Hylidae), with a description of the tadpole presumed to be Plectrohyla avia. Southwest Naturalist 35 91-94 Thesis Campbell, Barry Norval 1991 Molecular phylogenetics of boid snakes (Boidae) Book Section Campbell, Jonathan A.;Soloranzo, Alejandro 1992 The distribution, variation, and natural history of the Middle American montane pitviper, Porthidium godmani Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 223-250 reproduction diet feeding sex ratio morphology ecology courtship Edited Book Campbell, Jonathan A.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr 1992 Biology of the Pitvipers Tyler, TX Selva xi + 467 Journal Article Campbell, J. A.;Smith., E. N. 1992 A new frog of the genus Ptychohyla (Hylidae) from the Sierra de Santa Cruz, Guatemala, and description of a new genus of Middle American stream-breeding treefrogs. Herpetologica 48 153-167 Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A.;Lamar, William W. 1992 Taxonomic status of miscellaneous Neotropical viperids, with the description of a new genus Occasional Papers the Museum Texas Tech University 153 1-31 Cerrophidion n. gen. Journal Article Campbell, D. J. 1992 Nearest-neighbour graphical analysis of spatial pattern and a test for competition in populations of singing crickets (Teleogryllus commodus) Oecologia 92 548-551 acoustic communication, competition, Insecta, methods, sexual selection, territoriality, Journal Article Camper, Jeffrey D. 1990 Mode of reproduction in the smallmouth salamander, Ambystoma texanum (Ambystomatidae), in Iowa Southwestern Naturalist 35 1 99-100 Journal Article Camper, Jeffrey D.;Dixon, James R. 1990 High incidence of melanism in Masticophis taeniatus girardi (Reptilia: Colubridae), from the Cuatro Cienegas Basin of Coahuila, Mexico Texas Journal of Science 42 2 202-204 Journal Article Camper, J. D.;Dixon, J. R. 1990 High incidence of melanism in Masticophis teaniatus Girardi (Reptilia: Colubridae), from the Cuatro Cienegas Basin of Coahuila, Mexico The Texas Journal of Science 42 2 202-204 reptiles, lizards, color, Journal Article Caney, Debra 1992 All things bright and beautiful (Testudo great and small) British Association of Tortoise Keepers Magazine 13 13 Book Capula, Massimo 1990 The Macdonald Encyclopedia of Amphibians and Reptiles London Macdonald Orbis 256 Journal Article Caputo, Vincenzo;Odierna, Gaetano 1991 Karyological investigation on three Canrian scincid lizards genus Chalcides Laurenti, 1768 (Reptilia, Squamata) Journal of African Zoology 105 249-255 Chalcides; Canary Islands; Karyology; Chromosome banding; Karyotype Journal Article Caputo, Vincenzo;Odierna, Gaetano 1991 Karyological investigation on three Canarian scincid lizards genus Chalcides Laurenti, 1768 (Reptilia, Squamata) Journal of African Zoology 105 3 249-255 Book Section Carbonneau, D.A.;Chabreck, R.H. 1990 Population size, composition and recruitment of American alligators in freshwater marsh Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 32-40 AM, habitat, demography, Book Section Cardone, A.;Capriglione, Teresa;Odierna, G.;Redi, C. A.;Garagna, S. 1990 Genomic intraspecific variations in some populations of Podarcis s. sicula Raf. Olmo, E. Cytogenetics of Amphibians and Reptiles Basel Birkhäuser 247-254 Journal Article Cardoso, A. J.;Haddad, C. F. B. 1990 Redescricao e biologia de Paratelmatobius gaigeae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 37 7 125-132 morphology, biology, Sao Paulo, vocalization Journal Article Cardoso, A. J.;Haddad., C. F. B. 1990 Redescripação e biologia de Paratelmatobius gaigeae (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 37 125-132 Journal Article Cardoso, A. J.;Vieillard, J. 1990 Vocalizações de anfíbios anuros de um ambiente aberto, em Cruzeiro do Sul, estado do Acre Rev. Brasil. Biol. 50 1 229-242 Anuran communication, amphibians, Osteocephalus subtilis, Hyla punctata, Hyla lanciformis, Hyla granosa, Leptodactylus wagneri, Brasil Journal Article Carillo de Espinoza, N.;Rothenstein, D.;Salas, A. W.;Werner, Y. L. 1990 Radiation and convergence among desert geckos: Phyllodactylus species resembling both Ptyodactylus and Stenodactylus Amphibia-Reptilia 11 1-13 reptiles, evolution, morphology, habitat, activity, reproduction, clutch, Journal Article Carlone, R. L.;Boulianne, R. P.;Link, A. J. 1992 Identification of proteins potentially involved in proximal-distal pattern formation in the regenerating forelimb of the newt Biochem Cell Biol 70 5 285-90 Animal; Cell Differentiation/drug effects; Forelimb/*physiology; Gene Expression/drug effects; Morphogenesis; Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology; *Regeneration/drug effects; Salamandridae; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Tretinoin/pharmacology We have used high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify and characterize proteins that may represent products of genes involved in establishing positional information along the proximal- distal axis of the regenerating forelimb of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens. At least 24 proteins have been found whose synthesis and (or) abundance is increased in proximal (midstylopodial) regenerates relative to midzeugopodial (distal) regenerates at either of two regeneration stages, the early dedifferentiation and moderate bud stages. Four of these same proteins show an axial asymmetry at both stages. Ten distal-specific proteins were also identified, although only one was common to both stages. More significantly, 6 of these 34 proteins (molecular masses of 73, 73, 51.5, 44.0, 19.5, and 16.5 kilodaltons and isoelectric points of 6.70, 6.74, 6.0, 6.05, 5.9, and 6.98, respectively) are regulated to proximal levels by treatment of distal regenerates with retinoic acid (RA) at both stages. An additional five are proximalized by RA at only one regeneration stage. Since the effect of RA is to proximalize positional information in blastema cells, these 11 proteins represent gene products that could be involved in a biochemical cascade leading to the establishment of positional information in the regenerating limb along this axis. Journal Article Carmel, B.P. 1991 Use of oxytocin to induce oviposition in a dystocic saltwater crocodile - Crocodylus porosus Austr. vet. J. 68 6 216 Reptilia, crocodylia, saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, propagation, dystocia, oviposition, oxytocin Reprint Vet. Path Spec. Anim. 92/6 Journal Article Carnevali, O., Belvedere, P. 1991 Comparative Studies of Fish, Amphibian, and Reptilian Vitellogenins Journal of Experimental Zoology 259 1 18-25 Animal Sciences , Reptilia , Amphibia , Pisces , Reproduction , O Carnevali,Univ Camerino,Dept Biol Mea,I-62032 Camerino, Italy Journal Article Carnevali, O.;Belvedere, P. 1991 Comparative Studies of Fish, Amphibian, and Reptilian Vitellogenins Journal of Experimental Zoology 259 1 18-25 Animal Sciences , Reptilia , Amphibia , Pisces , Reproduction , O Carnevali,Univ Camerino,Dept Biol Mea,I-62032 Camerino, Italy Journal Article Carr, Karen ;Altig, Ronald 1991 Oral disc muscles of anuran tadpoles Journal of Morphology 208 271-277 Anura, tadpoles, oral morphology, muscles, mandibulolabialis inferior, M. superior, 131 Journal Article Carr, K. M.;Altig., R. 1991 Oral disc muscles of anuran tadpoles Journal of Morphology 208 271-277 Journal Article Carr, Karen M.;Altig, Ronald 1992 Configurations of the Rectus Abdominis muscle of anuran tadpoles Journal of Morphology 214 351-356 rectus abdominis, anuran tadpoles, Journal Article Carr, K. M.;Altig., R. 1992 Configurations of the rectus abdominis of anuran tadpoles Journal of Morphology 214 351-356 Journal Article Carr, K. M.;Altig., R. 1992 Configurations of the rectus abdominus of anuran tadpoles Journal of Morphology 214 351-356 Journal Article Carras, P. L.;Coleman, P. A.;Miller, R. F. 1992 Site of action potential initiation in amphibian retinal ganglion cells J Neurophysiol 67 2 292-304 Action Potentials/physiology; Ambystoma; Animal; Axons/physiology/ultrastructure; Electrophysiology; Horseradish Peroxidase; Models, Biological; Necturus; Neurons/physiology; Photic Stimulation; Retinal Ganglion Cells/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology 1. We applied morphological, pharmacological, electrophysiological, and computer simulation techniques to analyze the origin of impulse initiation in amphibian retinal ganglion cells. 2. Morphological studies of retinal ganglion cells in the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) and larval tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) were carried out with the use of either retrograde or intracellular labeling with horseradish peroxidase. These studies identified a characteristic thinning of the axon that begins after the initial segment of axon emerges from the ganglion cell soma or primary dendrite. Morphometric analysis of the thin segment revealed an average length of 74 microns with a standard deviation of 22 microns. For 20 conventionally placed ganglion cells, the length of the thin segment could not be correlated with soma size, initial segment diameter, or distance from the optic disk. There was also little or no correlation for seven displaced ganglion cells. The diameter of the thin segment was below reliable estimation by light microscopy. 3. We studied the possible significance of the thin axonal segment for ganglion cell impulse generation through a combination of electrophysiological recordings (intracellular and whole-cell recordings) together with computer modeling experiments. 4. Electrophysiological experiments are consistent with the idea that the thin segment and cell soma are less excitable than the initial segment region, which appears to be the principal site of initiation of the nerve impulse. The initial segment is that portion of the axon that is bounded by the soma (or proximal dendrite) at its origin and the thin segment at its distal end. 5. Computer simulations of impulse activation were carried out with the use of two different anatomic constraints: one class of simulations did not take into account the thin segment and assumed uniform cylinder conditions, whereas the other class of simulations included a model of the thin axonal segment. These comparative simulations indicate that the thin segment must contain a relatively high density of voltage-gated Na+ channels and support impulse traffic to account for physiological observations on orthodromic and antidromic impulse propagation. In addition, to match the physiological recordings, it is necessary for both the initial segment and the soma compartments to contain moderately high levels of Na+ channels. 6. Our physiological and simulation studies are consistent with the idea that the nerve impulse is normally initiated in the initial segment of axon and then spreads to activate a somatic impulse in the retrograde direction and the axonal impulse in the anterograde direction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Journal Article Carrascal, L. M.;Lopez, P.;Martin, J.;Salvador, A. 1992 Basking and antipredator behavior in high altitude lizard: implications of heat-exchange rate Ethology 92 143-154 Reptiles, lizards, Lacerta monticola, basking, behavior, heating rate, cooling rate, elevation, temperature, Spain, thermoregulation, thermal Book Section Carretero, Miguel A. 1992 Reintroduction of Psammodromus hispanicus in a coastal sand area of NE Spain Korsós, Z. and Kiss, I. Proceedings of the 6th Ordinary General Meeting of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica 19-23 August 1991, Budapest, Hungary Budapest Hungarian Natural History Museum 107-113 Journal Article Carrier, David R. 1991 Conflict in the hypaxial musculo-skeletal system: documenting an evolutionary constraint American Zoologist 31 644-654 Journal Article Carrizo, G. 1990 Sobre los hílidos de Misiones, Argentina, con la descripción de una nueva especie Hyla caingua n. sp. Cuadernos de Herpetología 5 6 32-39 Hyla caingua n. sp.; new species Journal Article Carrizo, G. R. 1991 Sobre la distribución de Hyla minuta Peters 1972, en la Argentina Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 6 1 6 Hyla minuta; distribution; Argentina Journal Article Carrizo, G. R. 1991 Bufo crucifer Wied-Wuewied, 1821 para la provincia de Corrientes Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 6 1 7 Bufo crucifer Journal Article Carrizo, G. R. 1991 Un caso de predación de Xiphocolaptes major (Passiformes, Dendrocolaptidae) sobre un anfibio Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 6 1 7 Book Carroll, David M. 1991 The Year of the Turtle: A Natural History Charlotte, VT Camden House Publishing 172 Journal Article Carroll, E. J., Jr.;Seneviratne, A. M.;Ruibal., R. 1991 Gastric pepsin in an anuran larvae Develop. Growth Differ. 33 499-507 Book Carroll, David M. 1991 The Year of the Turtle: A Natural History Charlotte, VT Camden House 173, 8 plates Book Section Cartaya P., E.J. 1990 Handling program for the cayman, Caiman Crocodilus, in Venezuela Development and Perspectives Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 146-160 Journal Article Carter, D. B. 1990 Courtship and mating in wild Varanus varius (Varanidae): Australia) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 333-338 Journal Article Carvalho e Silva, S. P. ;Peixoto, O. L. 1991 Two new species of Ololygon para os Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espirito Santo (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51 1 263-270 frogs, taxonomy, morphology, descriptions, cardosoi, kautskyi Journal Article Casas Andreu, Gustavo;Méndez, Fausto R. 1990 El Primer Congreso Mundial de Herpetologia en Canterbury Reyno Unido Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 2 1 1-2 Journal Article Casas Andreu, Gustavo 1990 Book review: Contributions to the History of Herpetology Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 2 1 13-14 Book review Journal Article Casas-Andreu, Gustavo;Smith, Hobart Muir 1990 Historia nomenclatorial y status taxonomico dr Abronia ochoterenai y Abronia lythrochila (Lacertilia: Anguidae), con una clave de identificacion para el grupo Aurita Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auton., México, Ser. Zool. 61 2 317-326 Book Casas-Andreu, Gustavo;Valenzuela-López, Guadalupe;Ramírez-Bautista, Aurelio 1991 Cómo Hacer una Colección de Anfibios y Reptiles Mexico Instituo de Biología, U.N.A.M. 68 Journal Article Cascon, P.;Lima Verde, J. S.;Marques, R. B. 1991 A new species of Typhlonectes from Brazilian Amazonia (Amphibia, Gymnophiona, Typhlonectidae) Boletim Do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Serie Zoologia 7 1 95-100 TYPHLONECTES CUNHAI new species; DESCRIPTION; MORPHOLOGY Typhlonectes cunhai n. sp. is described based on two specimens collected in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The new species is characterized by its strongly compressed body, a dorsal crest along the total body extension, head wider than body, six splenial teeth, and uniform body color. Journal Article Case, T. J.;Bolger, D. T. 1991 The role of interspecific competition in the biogeography of island lizards TREE 6 4 135-139 reptiles, lizards, islands, competition, evolution, species assortment Book Section Case, T. J.;Bolger, D. T.;Richman, A. D. 1992 Reptilian extinctions: the last ten thousand years Fiedler, P. L. and Jain, S. K. Conservation Biology NY Chapman and Hall 93-125 reptiles, conservation, holocene, islands, predation Journal Article Castilla, A. M.;Bauwens, D. 1990 Reproductive and fat body cycles of the lizard, Lacerta lepida, in central Spain Journal of Herpetology 24 3 261-266 reptiles, altitude, diet, body size, lipids, spain Journal Article Castilla, A.M.;Barbadillo, L.J.;Bauwens, D 1991 Annual variation in reproductive traits in the lizard Acanthodactylus erythrurus Can.J. Zool. 70 395-402 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Acanthodactylus erythrurus, physiology, reproduction, annual variation, Journal Article Castilla, A. M.;Bauwens, D. 1991 Observations on the natural history, present status, and conservation of the insular lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata on the Columbretes Archipelago, Spain Biological Conservation 58 69-84 reptiles, lizards, conservation, distribution, density, body size, sexual dimorphism, tail loss, behavior, diet Journal Article Castilla, A. M.;Bauwens, D.;Llorente, G. A. 1991 Diet composition of the lizard Lacerta lepida in Central Spain Journal of Herpetology 25 1 30-36 reptiles, lizards, food, Journal Article Castilla, A. M.;Bauwens, D. 1991 Thermal biology, microhabitat selection, and conservation of the insular lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata Oecologia (Berl.) 85 366-374 reptiles, lizards, temperature, behavior, Journal Article Castilla, Aurora M.;Bauwens, Dirk 1991 Thermal biology, microhabitat selection, and conservation of the isular lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata Oecologia 85 366-74 thermoregulation, lizard, Spain, habitat Journal Article Castilla, A.M., Bauwens, D., 1992 Habitat Selection by the Lizard Lacerta lepida in a Mediterranean Oak Forest Herpetological Journal 2 1 27-30 AM Castilla,Univ Instelling Antwerp,Dept Biol,B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium Journal Article Castilla, A.M.Bauwens, D. 1992 Habitat Selection by the Lizard Lacerta lepida in a Mediterranean Oak Forest Herpetological Journal 2 1 27-30 AM Castilla,Univ Instelling Antwerp,Dept Biol,B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium Journal Article Castilla, A. M.;Barbadillo, L. J.;Bauwens, D. 1992 Annual variation in reproductive traits in the lizard Acanthodactylus erythrurus Canadian Journal of Zoology 70 395-402 reptiles, lizards, cycles, fats, lipids, body size, Journal Article Castilla, A. M.;Bauwens, D. 1992 Habitat selection by the lizard Lacerta lepida in a Mediterranean Oak forest Herpetological Journal 2 27-30 reptiles, lizards, behavior, Journal Article Cei, J. M. 1990 Further comments on the holotype of Liolaemus ruizeali Donoso Baros and Cei, 1971, from the northern Patagonia, Argentina (Reptilia, Iguanidae) Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 8 1 45-52 Journal Article Cei, J. M. 1990 On a Paraguayan sample of a long time confused species: Physalaemus fuscomaculatus (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura, Leptodactylidae) Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 8 1 215-231 Journal Article Cei, José M.;Scrocchi, G. 1991 A poorly known and discussed species, Cnemidophorus leachei Peracca 1897, and general remarks on the genus Cnemidophorus in Argentina (Lacertilia, Teiidae) Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali - Torino 9 1 233-244 South America; Argentina; Cnemidophorus; Cnemidophorus leachei; Cnemidophorus lacertoides Journal Article Cei, J. M.;Martori, R. A. 1991 A new species of Cnemidophorus of the lacertoides species group from eastern sierras de Córdoba, Central Argentina (Lacertilia, Teiidae) Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 9 1 33-38 Journal Article Cei, J. M.;Martori, R. A. 1991 A new species of Cnemidophorus of the lacertoides species group from the eastern sierras de Córdoba, central Argentina (Lacertilia, Teiiidae) Bollettino del Museu Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 9 1 33-38 23, Teiidae, Cnemidophorus, new species, taxonomy, Argentina, South America Journal Article Censky, Ellen J.;Paulson, Dennis R. 1992 Revision of the Ameiva (Reptilia: Teiidae) of the Anguilla Bank, West Indies Annals of Carnegie Museum 61 3 177-195 West Indies; Taxonomy; Lesser Antilles; Ameiva plei plei; Ameiva plei analifera n. comb.; Ameiva corax n. sp.; New species; Ameiva corvina; Melanism Journal Article Cerda, A.;Waugh, D. 1992 Status and management of the Mexican box terrapin Terrapene coahuila at the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust Dodo, J. Jersey Wildlife Preserv. Trust 28 126-142 Journal Article Cerulean, S. 1992 Delicate balance: Barbour's map turtle (Graptemys barbouri) Fla. Wildl. 46 1 32 Journal Article Chambers, Brad 1991 Snakes of Andros Island: in the field and in captivity Vivarium 2 6 24-27 Journal Article Champalbert, Annette;Lachaud, Jean-Paul 1990 Existence of a sensitive period during the ontogenesis of social behaviour in a primitive ant Animal Behaviour 39 850-859 Journal Article Chan, E.-H. 1991 Sea Turtles the State of Nature Conservation in Malaysia Kiew R. Journal Article Chanda, S. K. 1990 A new frog of the genus Rana (Ranidae: Anura) from manipur, Northeastern India Hamadryad 15 16-17 Rana ghoshi; New species; Sp. nov.; India Journal Article Channing, Alan 1991 An illustrated key to the frogs of Namibia Madoqua 17 2 227-232 Anura; Namibia; Taxonomic key Journal Article Channing, Alan;Broadley, D. G. 1992 The tadpole of Kassina kuvangensis Alytes 10 3 105-112 Zambia Journal Article Charnov, E.L.;Berrigan, D. 1992 The m/k ratio is the same for fish and reptiles American Naturalist 142 4 707-711 von Bertalanffy, growth Book Chaves Mora, Fernando;Alvarado Alvarado, Jorge;Aymerich Blen, Rodrigo;Solórzano López, Alejandro 1990 Aspectos basicos sobre las serpientes de Costa Rica San José, Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica 58 Journal Article Chavez-Scales, Jayne 1991 1988 accomplishments at the Desert Tortoise Natural Area [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 163 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Chavez-Scales, Jayne 1991 1989 status report of the Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 220 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Chavez-Scales, Jayne;Dodson, Tom 1991 1990-1991 initiatives for the Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 293 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Chebez, J. C. 1991 Biblioteca de Marcos Freiberg (1911-1990) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 7 2 29-30 Book Chegodaev, A. E. 1990 Snakes as they are Moscow 64 p. Book Chegodaev, A. E. 1992 [The Fascinating World of Reptiles] St. Petersburg 175 + 32 color plates Journal Article Chen, Bihui 1990 The past and present situation of the Chinese alligator Asiatic Herpetological Research 3 129-136 Alligator sinensis china endangered species history conservation Book Chen, Bihui 1991 The Amphibian and reptilian fauna of Anhui Hefei, China Anhui Publishing House of Science and Technology Amphibia, caudata, Hynobiidae, Pachyhynobius shangchengensis, Cryptobranchidae, Andrias davidianus, Salamandridae, Tylotriton asperimus, paramesotriton chinensis, Pachytriton labiatum, Cynops orientalis, Anura, Pelobatidae, Megophryidae, Megophrys boettgeri, Bufonidae, Bufo raddei, Bufo gargnrizans, Hylidae, Hyla arboreaimmaculata, hyla sanchiangensis, Hyla chinensis, Hyla tsinlingensis, Ranidae, Rana adenopleura, rana guentheri, Rana japonica, Rana kuhlii, rana latouchii, Rana livida, Rana nigromaculata, Rana plancyi plancyi, Rana hubeiensis, Rana quadranus, Rana schmackeri, Rana spinosa, Rana tientaiensis, Rana rugulosa, Rana tormotus, Rana versabili, Amolops wuyiensis, Rhacophoridae, Polypedates dennysi, Polypedates, leucomystax, Polypedates nigropunctatus, Microhylidae, Microhyla hemonsi, M. mixutura, M. ornata, Katloula borealis, Reptilia Edited Book Chen, Bi-hui 1991 The Amphibian and Reptilian Fauna of Anhui Hefei Anhui Publ. House Sci. Technol. (6), 4, 408 pages, 4 plates Journal Article Chen, Yuancong;Zhang, Dawei;Jiang, Kexian;Wang, Zhonghui 1992 Evaluation of snake venoms among Agkistrodonspecies in China Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 58-61 deinagkistrodon toxicity Journal Article Chen, Bihui;Liang, Baodong 1992 Preliminary research on the function of the eggshell in the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 132-136 china Book Section Chen_Bihui 1990 Preliminary studies on the home range of Chinese alligator Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 43-46 AS, movement, habitat, demography, ecology, China Book Section Chen_Bihui;Wang_Chaolin;Lian_Baodong 1990 Observation on the burrow of Chinese alligator Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 47-53 AS, ecology, China Journal Article Chen_Bihui 1990 The past and present situation of the Chinese alligator Asian Herpetol. Res. 3 129-136 AS, distribution, conservation, China Journal Article Chen_Bihui;Jiang_Xiao-Lin;Wang_Chao-Lin 1991 Structure and development of the integumental glands of the Chinese alligator Acta Zool. Sin. 37 1 16-21 AS, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, olfactory, China Journal Article Cheong, L.C. 1990 Observations on the nesting population of leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea in Trindad Caribbean Marine Studies 1 48-53 leatherback Edited Book Cherlin, Vladimir A.;Tsellarius, Alesksey V. 1991 Herpetological Researches. Vol. 1 Lenningrad LISS 1 182 Vipera lebetina; Agama ocellata; Eryx jaculus; Bufo viridis; Rana temporaria; Varanus griseus; Agrionemys horsfieldi Journal Article Cherlin, V. A.;Chikin, Yu. A. 1991 To thermal biology of lizards of the mountain regions of Uzbekistan Herpetological Researches 1 119-129 Stellio lehmanni; Stellio chernovi; Eremias velox; Cyrtopodion fedtschenkoi; Pseudopus apodus; Thermal biology; thermoregulation Journal Article Cherlin, V. A. 1991 Method of ecology-physiological matrix of species in researches on reptile biology Herpetological Researches 1 138-146 Ecology-physiology matrix Journal Article Cherry, M. I.;Francillon-Vieillot, H. 1992 Body size, age and reproduction in the leopard toad, Bufo pardalis J Zool 228 41-50 Amphibia, anura, bufo, Bufo pardalis, reproduction, age, body size Data on the relationships between body size and age were obtained for a sample of leopard toads Bufo pardalis from a breeding population of this species from the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Age was determined by counting the number of lines of arrested growth in histological sections of a digit clipped from each individual. In males there was a positive, but weak, correlation (explaining only 18% of the variance) between body size and age, and in females no correlation at all existed between these two variables. Males which were successful in obtaining matings were not older than unsuccessful males. Age of males at the breeding site ranged from one to three years, whereas females ranged from two to six years old. This represents both the earliest age of reproduction, as well as the greatest difference in longevity between the sexes, documented for an anuran species. Reprint Endnote 93/31 Journal Article Cherry, M. I.;Francillon-Viellot, H. 1992 Body size, age and reproduction in the leopard toad, Bufo pardalis The Journal of Zoology, London 228 41-50 Africa, Anura, mating success Journal Article Chiang, M. C.;Cragoe, E. J., Jr.;Vanable, J. W., Jr. 1991 Intrinsic electric fields promote epithelization of wounds in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Dev Biol 146 2 377-85 Amiloride/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology; Animal; Cell Movement/drug effects; *Electric Conductivity/drug effects; Epithelium/drug effects/physiology; Gentian Violet; Hindlimb; Notophthalmus viridescens/anatomy & histology/*growth & development; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; *Wound Healing/drug effects The lateral electric fields (LFs) in the vicinity of small wounds made in hindlimb digit tip skin of Notophthalmus viridescens have been measured and manipulated. Healing of these wounds was assessed by crystal violet staining and by histology. Paired experiments were conducted on the animals: the healing of one digit's wound was compared with healing of the contralateral digit's wound whose LF was changed from that of its contralateral wound. When currents were passed through the animal (into one wound and out of the contralateral wound) so that the LF of one wound was zero while the contralateral wound had an enhanced LF, the wounds with the enhanced LF healed more rapidly than the wounds with the zero LF. When digits on one side were treated with 30 microM benzamil in an artificial pond water so that their wound LFs were reduced to approximately zero, and the contralateral wounds were kept in artificial pond water without benzamil so that they had normal wound LFs, there was significantly less epithelization of the benzamil- treated wounds than of the control wounds. This effect on wound healing was reversed by adding currents that restored the normal wound LFs, but not by adding currents that reversed the wound LFs to the opposite polarity. When currents were added to reverse the wound LFs on one side of the animal, leaving the contralateral wounds free of added currents, the wounds with the reversed LFs healed more poorly than the contralateral wounds with normal LFs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the intrinsic LFs in the vicinity of wounds promote epithelization of these wounds. Journal Article Chieffi, G.;Baccari, G. C.;Dimatteo, L.;Distria, M.;Marmorino, C.;Minucci, S.;Varriale, B. 1992 The Harderian Gland of Amphibians and Reptiles Harderian Glands 1992 91 91-108 Reptilia, amphibia, Harderian gland, histology, physiology Journal Article Chikin, Yu. A. 1991 The geographic variations of non-metric characteristics of colour pattern in Vipers lebetina turanica (Reptilia, Viperidae) Herpetological Researches 1 5-11 Vipera lebetina turanica Journal Article Chilton, N. B.;Bull, C. M. 1992 The on-host temperature environment for 2 Australian reptile ticks Aust J Zool 40 6 583-592 Reptilia, sauria, sleepy lizards, Tiliqua rugosa, infection, acari, Amblyomma limbatum, Aponomma hydrosauri The temperatures experienced by the ixodid ticks Amblyomma limbatum and Aponomma hydrosauri whilst attached to sleepy lizards, Tiliqua rugosa, were examined to determine whether differences in the body temperature of the host could explain (1) interspecific differences in the feeding and mating sites of ticks on hosts, and/or (2) the position of the tick parapatric boundary near the transition from mallee to non-mallee vegetation. Attached ticks were exposed to temperatures that were related to, but often higher than, ambient temperatures. Ground surface temperature was a better predictor of lizard body temperature than was air temperature. Mean body temperatures of lizards during winter were lower than those in spring, due to lower ambient temperatures, and were consistently below the threshold temperature required to induce mating in both tick species. Low temperature can also explain the cessation of feeding by larval and nymphal ticks on hosts during winter. The selection of feeding and mating sites by ticks could not be attributed to specific temperature requirements because no attachment site was consistently warmer than another. Furthermore, no change in body temperature of the lizards was detected across the tick parapatric boundary. Journal Article Chilton, N. B.;Bull, C. M.;Andrews, R. H. 1992 Differences in attachment site of the Australian reptile tick Amblyomma limbatum (Acari, Ixodidae) on 2 host species Int J Parasitol 22 6 783-787 Reptilia, sauria, infection. tick, Amblyomma; The present study compared the site of attachment of larvae, nymphs and adults of the tick Amblyomma limbatum on two species of reptile host Tiliqua rugosa and Pogona vitticeps. The results showed that for each life cycle stage, the proportion of ticks attached to different sites differed on the two host species. In addition, on each host species, there were marked differences between life cycle stages in their choice of attachment site. These data do not support hypotheses raised to account for attachment site specificity, namely; intraspecific competition, adaptations to increase feeding efficiency or the retention of an ancestral trait. However, Amb. limbatum is flexible in its selection of an attachment site on hosts which may represent an adaptation to maximizing the number of host species it can infest. This would represent an important strategy for colonizing ticks either at the edge of the species range or in marginal population areas. Journal Article Chiou, S. H.;Lee, H. J.;Huang, S. M.;Chang, G. G. 1991 Kinetic comparison of caiman epsilon-crystallin and authentic lactate dehydrogenases of vertebrates J Protein Chem 10 2 161-6 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Animal; Chickens; Comparative Study; Crystallins/*metabolism; Ducks/*metabolism; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Kinetics; Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes/*metabolism; Lactates/metabolism; Lens, Crystalline/*enzymology; Muscles/enzymology; Myocardium/enzymology; Nitroblue Tetrazolium; NAD/metabolism; Pyruvates/metabolism; Staining; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Swine Kinetic comparison of epsilon-crystallins isolated from the avian and reptilian species and the authentic lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) was undertaken in order to clarify the identities of these structural lens proteins in relation to their enzymatic activity. Caiman epsilon- crystallin similar to the previously characterized duck epsilon- crystallin appeared to possess a genuine and stable LDH activity as detected by nitro blue tetrazolium staining on polyacrylamide gels and conventional kinetic assays. Kinetic parameters for pyruvate, L- lactate, NAD+, and three structural analogues of the coenzyme in this epsilon-crystallin catalyzed reaction were also determined and compared. Despite the structural similarities between epsilon- crystallins and chicken heart LDH, differences in charge and kinetic properties have been revealed by native isozyme electrophoresis and kinetic analysis as examined by initial velocity and substrate inhibition studies. It is found that the kinetic data analyzed for caiman epsilon-crystallin were more fitted with a compulsory ordered Bi- Bi sequential mechanism similar to those for the authentic LDHs and duck epsilon-crystallin. Caiman epsilon-crystallin has for the first time been established as a heart-type LDH based on the kinetic analysis and comparison with the authentic heart- and muscle-type LDHs from pig and chicken. Journal Article Chippaux, J. P.;Williams, V.;White, J. 1991 Snake venom variability: methods of study, results and interpretation Toxicon 29 11 1279-303 The causes and implications of venom variability are discussed with a review of the literature. Venom variability may have an impact on both primary venom research and management of snakebite, including selection of antivenoms and selection of specimens for antivenom production. Choice of venom is reviewed, including venom collection, maintenance, and pooled venom versus venom milked from individual specimens, the latter being more reliable in many applications. Intraspecific variability resulting in clinical variability of envenomation occurs and is reviewed. Venom variability is considered at several levels; interfamily, intergenus, interspecies, intersubspecies and intraspecies, geographical variation, between individual specimens, and in individual specimens, due to seasonal variation, diet, habitat, age-dependent change, and sexual dimorphism. It is concluded that venom researchers must be aware of venom variability both in selecting their sources of venom and in interpretation of results. Producers of antivenom must utilize an understanding of such variability in selecting sources of venom for antivenom production to ensure representation of all venom types required within each antivenom. Furthermore, clinicians treating snakebite should understand the influence of venom variability on both the presentation of envenomation and the treatment implications. Journal Article Chirio, Laurent;Ineich, Ivan 1991 Les genres Rhamphiophis Peters, 1854 et Dipsina, Jan, 1863 (Serpentes, Colubridae): revue des taxons reconnus et descripyion d'une espèce nouvelle Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris, 4 Sèr 13 Section A, nos 1-2 217-235 acutus oxyrhynchus rubropunctatus maradiensis multimaculata Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Glenn, James L.;Straight, Richard C. 1990 Strike-induced chemosensory searching in venomoid pit vipers at hogle zoo Zoo Biology Journal Article Chiszar, David;Melcer, Ted;Lee, Robert;Duvall, David 1990 Chemical cues used by prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) to follow trails of rodent prey Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 1 79-86 Rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis, mouse, Mus musculus, trails Journal Article Chiszar, David;Boyer, Donal M.;Lee, Robert;Murphy, James B.;Radcliff, Charles W. 1990 Caudal luring in the Southern Death Adder, Acanthophis antarcticus Journal of Herpetology 24 3 253-260 Journal Article Chiszar, D.;Smith, H. M.;Glenn, J. L.;Straight, R. C. 1991 Strike-induced chemosensory searching in venomoid pit vipers at Hogle Zoo Zoo Biology 10 111-117 behavior, feeding, Agkistrodon piscivorus Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Bogert, Charles M. 1991 A chemical sense of self in timber and prairie rattlesnakes Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29 2 153-154 Crotalus horridus, viridis, captivity, tongue Journal Article Chiszar, David;Drew, J. David;Smith, Hobart M. 1992 A range extension of the Great Plains rat snake in eastern Colorado Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 27 8 165 elaphe guttata emoryi Book Section Chiszar, David;Lee, Robert K. K.;Radcliffe, Charles W.;Smith, Hobart M. 1992 Searching behaviors by rattlesnakes following predatory strikes Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 369-382 conservation Journal Article Chiszar, David;Murphy, James B.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 In search of zoo-academic collaborations: A research agenda for the 1990's Herpetologica 49 4 488-500 Journal Article Choo, B. L.;Chou, L. M. 1992 Does incubation temperature influence the sex of embryos in Trionyx sinensis Journal of Herpetology 26 341-342 environmental sex determination, turtles, softshell Journal Article Chovanec, A. 1992 The influence of tadpole swimming behaviour on predation by dragonfly nymphs Amphibia-Reptilia 13 341-349 Journal Article Christens, E. 1990 Nest emergence lag in loggerhead sea turtles Journal of Herpetology 24 4 400-402 loggerhead; digging-up time Journal Article Christensen, John 1991 Macrophotography Vivarium 2 6 19-22 Journal Article Christensen, Jon 1992 Sin City's lucky tortoise Nature Conservancey 42 4 8-13 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Lawrence, William T. 1991 Microclimatic conditions in nests of the Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila) Biotropica 23 3 287-293 Journal Article Christian, K. A.;Lawrence, W. T.;Snell, H. L. 1991 Effect of soil moisture on yolk and fat distribution in hatchling lizards from natural nests Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 99A 1/2 13-19 Book Christiansen, James L.;Bailey, Reeve M. 1991 The Salamanders and Frogs of Iowa Des Moines Iowa Conservation Commission 24 Journal Article Churchill, T.A.;Storey, K.B. 1992 Freezing survival of the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis Canadian Journal of Zoology - Journal Canadien de Zoologie 70 1 99-105 Reptilia, serpentes, garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, physiology, freezing survival KB Storey,Carleton Univ,Inst Biochem,Ottawa K1S 5B6,Ontario, Canada Journal Article Cimberg, Robert L. 1991 DTNA environmental projects associated with Luz solar units in the western Mojave: Present and future developments [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 164 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Cink, Calvin L. 1990 Snake predation on Chimney Swift nestlings Journal of Field Ornithology 61 3 288-289 Journal Article Ciofi, C.;Chelazzi, G. 1991 Radiotracking of Coluber viridiflavus using external transmitters Journal of Herpetology 25 1 37-40. radiotelemetry, racer, external, transmitter Journal Article CLAESSEN, H. 1990 Enkele ideeën over een larven-aquarium Terra 26 148-155 Amphibia, anura, breeding, management, propagation, food, feeding Reprint Endnote 93/460 Journal Article Clark, David L.;Gillingham, James C. 1990 Sleep-site fidelity in two Puerto Rican lizards Animal Behaviour 39 1138-1148 Journal Article Clark, Ralph E. 1991 Land use planning in Coyote Spring Valley [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 8 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Clark, James M.;Norell, Mark A. 1992 The early Cretaceous crocodylomorph Hylaeochampsa vectiana from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight American Museum Novitates 3032 1-19 osteolaemus tetraspis fossil Book Section Clark, Karen L. 1992 Monitoring the effects of acidic deposition on amphibian populations in Canada Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 63-66 Journal Article Clarke, B. T.;Lanza, B. 1990 Notes on the morphology and distribution of the Corsican Painted Frogs: Discoglossus sardus Tschudi and D. montalentii Lanza, Nascetti, Capula & Bullini Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 8 2 531-544 Book Clarke, Barry 1990 Eyewitness Juniors: Amazing Frogs & Toads New York Knopf 32 Journal Article Claussen, D.L.;Daniel, P.M.;Jiang, S.;Adams, N.A. 1991 Hibernation in the eastern box turtle, Terrapene c. carolina Journal of Herpetology 25 3 334-341 Reptilia, testudines, eastern box turtle, Terrapene c. carolina, physiology, hibernation DL Claussen,Miami Univ,Dept Zool,Oxford, OH 45056 Journal Article Claussen, D. L.;Zani, P. A. 1991 Allometry of cooling, supercooling, and freezing in the freeze-tolerant turtle Chrysemys picta American Journal of Physiology 261 R626-R632 Reptiles, turtles, water content, ice content, free-tolerant vertebrates, allometry Journal Article Claussen, D.L.;P.M. Daniel, S. Jiang, N.A. Adams 1991 Hibernation in the Eastern box turtle, Terrapene carolina carolina J. Herp. 25 334-341 Journal Article Clemen, G.;Opolka, A. 1990 Dental laminae and teeth of embryonic Ichthyophis glutinosus (L.) (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Anat Anz 170 2 111-7 Light microscopic studies of dental lamina anlagen and the form and order of primary teeth were undertaken on embryos of Ichthyophis glutinosus. The palate dental lamina responsible for the dentition of the vomers and the palatine portions of the maxillopalatines develops unpaired on the lingual sides of these bones. Similarly, the upper jaw dental lamina is undivided in the rostro-median; it originates lingual to the premaxillaries. Orally paired and aborally unpaired, the dental laminae of the lower jaw are laid down along the inner sides of their respective bony anlagen. Of these, the orally undivided dental lamina corresponds to the dental portion of the caudally fused lower jaw bones while the aboral pair of dental laminae correspond to the splenial portions. When fully developed, the primary teeth are unbladed-conical and divided. They are labio-marginal, monostichous and pleurally anchored. Journal Article Clemens, D. T.;Feder., M. E. 1990 Effects of perfusion and medium-blood PO2 difference on oxygen uptake across isolated perfused frog skin Physiologist 33 70 Journal Article Cleuren, J.;De Vree, F. 1992 Kinematics of the jaw and hyolingual apparatus during feeding in Caiman crocodilus J. Morph. 212 2 141-154 CCR, food, anatomy, Journal Article Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. 1992 Neotropical anurans and foam nests: Why breed on land? British Herpetological Society Bulletin 19-21 evolution, reproduction, breeding, protection, insects, tadpoles, larvae, Amphibia, Anura, oviposition, reproductive modes Journal Article Clyde, Victora L. 1990 Chemical restraint of american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) with atracuriummand tiletamine-zolazepam AAZV 288 *reptilia/crocodylia alligatorinae/alligator/ mississippiensis/american alligator 220191 WS DW Journal Article Clyde, Victora L. 1990 Chemical restraint of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) with atracuriumm and tiletamine-zolazepam AAZV 288 reptilia/crocodylia alligatorinae/alligator/ mississippiensis/american alligator 220191 WS DW Journal Article Coakley, John 1992 Book Review: The Year of the Turtle Vivarium 3 5 14-15 Book Review Journal Article Cobb, Vincent A. 1990 Reproductive notes on the eggs and offspring of Tantilla gracilis (Serpentes: Colubridae), with evidence of communal nesting The Southwestern Naturalist 35 2 222-224 reproduction, breeding, young, flat head snake Journal Article Cobbs, W. H. 1991 Light and dark active phosphodiesterase regulation in salamander rods J Gen Physiol 98 3 575-614 Animal; Calcium/metabolism; Comparative Study; Cyclic GMP/metabolism; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Magnesium/metabolism; Membrane Potentials/physiology; Models, Biological; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/drug effects/*metabolism; Photic Stimulation; Photoreceptors/drug effects/enzymology/*metabolism; *Signal Transduction/drug effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela/embryology/*physiology; 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology We studied the activation of 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE) by using a cell-permeant enzyme inhibitor. Rods of Ambystoma tigrinum held in a suction electrode were jumped into a stream of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 0.01-1 mM. Initial transient light-sensitive currents fit the notion that dark and light-activated forms of PDE contributed independently to metabolic activity and were equivalently inhibited by IBMX (apparent Ki 30 microns). Inhibition developed within 50 ms, producing a step decrease of enzyme velocity, which could be offset by activation with flashes or steps of light. The dark PDE activity was equivalent to light activation of enzyme by 1,000 isomerization rod-1s-1, sufficient to hydrolyze the free cGMP pool (1/e) in 0.6 s. Steady light activated PDE in linear proportion to isomerization rate, the range from darkness to current saturation amounting to a 10-fold increase. The conditions for simultaneous onset of inhibitor and illumination to produce no net change of membrane current defined the apparent lifetime of light- activated PDE, TPDE* = 0.9 s, which was independent of both background illumination and current over the range 0-3 x 10(5) isomerization s-1, from 50 to 0 pA. Adaptation was a function of current rather than isomerization: jumps with different proportions of IBMX concentration to steady light intensity produced equal currents, and followed the same course of adaptation in maintained light, despite a 10-fold difference of illumination. Judged from the delay between IBMX- and light-induced currents, the dominant feedback regulatory site comes after PDE on the signal path. The dark active PDE affects the hydrolytic flux and cytoplasmic diffusion of cGMP, as well as the proportional range of the cGMP activity signal in response to light. Book Coborn, John 1991 The Atlas of Snakes of the World Neptune City, NJ TFH 591 Book Coborn, John 1991 Snakes & Lizards: Their care and Breeding in Captivity Devon, Great Britain David & Charles 208 Journal Article Coborn, John 1991 The atlas of snakes of the world Recent Publications in Natural History 10 4 3-4 Journal Article Cochran, P. A. 1990 Elaphe vulpina (fox snake) Herpetological Review 21 2 41 Journal Article Cochran, Philip A. 1991 An unusual microhabitat for a fossorial snake in the rainforest of Peru Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 94 1-2 77-78 Journal Article Cochran, P. A. 1992 New locality observations for some amphibians and reptiles in Wisconsin Bulletin Of The Chicago Herpetological Society 27 3 Journal Article Cocroft, Reginald B.;McDiarmid, Roy W.;Jaslow, Alan P.;Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M. 1990 Vocalizaion of eight species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) with comments on communication in the genus Copeia 1990 3 631-643 Journal Article Coffeen, Michael P. 1991 Incidence of URTD/URDS in desert tortoises in Utah, 1977-1990 [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 294 Gopherus agassizii Book Cogger, Harold G.;Zeifel, Richard G. 1992 Reptiles & Amphibians New York Smithmark 240 Book Cogger, Harold G.;Zweifel, Richard G. 1992 Reptiles & Amphibians New York Smithmark 240 Book Cogger, Harold G. 1992 Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia Ithaca, NY Comstock 775 Australia Journal Article Cohen, W. R.;Wetzel, W.;Kadish, A. 1992 Local heat and cold application after eastern cottonmouth moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus) envenomation in the rat: effect on tissue injury Toxicon 30 11 1383-6 We studied the effect of local application of heat or cold on the development of tissue necrosis in envenomated rats. Anesthetized animals had 6 mg/kg venom from Agkistrodon piscivorus injected subcutaneously into the lateral aspect of a hind limb. Heat or cold was applied to the site of envenomation in the experimental groups for 4-6 hr, and the injected area was examined histologically after 24 hr. Neither local treatment, with or without the presence of systemic antivenin, significantly affected the severity of tissue necrosis induced by the venom in comparison to a control group left at ambient temperature. Journal Article Colamartino, G.;Menini, A.;Torre, V. 1991 Blockage and permeation of divalent cations through the cyclic GMP- activated channel from tiger salamander retinal rods J Physiol 440 189-206 Animal; Calcium/physiology; Cations, Divalent/*metabolism; Cyclic GMP/*physiology; Electrophysiology; Ion Channel Gating/*physiology; Ion Channels/metabolism; Magnesium/physiology; Photoreceptors/*metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Urodela 1. Blockage and permeation of divalent cations through channels activated by guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were studied in membrane patches excised from retinal rods of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum by rapidly changing the ionic medium bathing the intracellular side of the excised membrane. 2. The Na+ current, observed when 110 mM-NaCl was present on both sides of the membrane patch, was reduced by the addition of 1 mM of the chloride salts of Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ or Mn2+ to the bathing medium. The sequence of blocking potency at +60 mV was Mg2+ greater than Mn2+ approximately Ba2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Sr2+, while at -60 mV it was Ba2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Mn2+ approximately Mg2+. For all divalent cations the blocking effect depended, in a complex way, on the membrane potential. 3. The blocking effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased when the concentration of cyclic GMP was reduced from 100 to 5 microM. At -60 mV 1 mM-Ca2+ blocked about 34% of the Na+ current in the presence of 100 microM-cyclic GMP, while in the presence of 5 microM-cyclic GMP, 1 mM-Ca2+ blocked about 56% of the Na+ current. 4. When, in the presence of 100 microM-cyclic GMP, 110 mM- NaCl at the intracellular side was replaced by equiosmolar amounts of chloride salts of divalent cations (73.3 mM) a small outward current carried by divalent cations could be observed at large positive membrane potentials. At +60 mV the ratio between the current carried by Na+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ was 83.3:1.4:1:0.58:0.33:0.25. 5. In agreement with previous observations the dependence of the Na+ current on the concentration of cyclic GMP shows a clear co-operativity among cyclic GMP molecules.4+ cyclic GMP-gated channel in excised patches is similar to but not identical to the selectivity sequence of divalent cations through the channel in intact rods. Personal Communication Colborn, Leon 1991 Status and distribution of the western toad (Bufo boreas) in the state of Utah Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Dessauer, Herbert C.;Townsend, Carol R.;Arnold, Margaret G. 1990 Unisexual lizards of the genus Gymnophthalmus (Reptilia: Teiidae) in the Neotropics: Genetics, origin, and systematics American Museum Novitates 2994 1-29 Gymnophthalmus Book Section Cole, Charles J. 1990 Chromosomes of Agkistrodon and other viperid snakes Gloyd, H.K. and Conant, R. Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: A Monographic Review St. Louis, MO SSAR 533-538 Journal Article Cole, C. J.;Townsend, C. R. 1990 Parthenogenetic lizards as vertebrate systems J Exp Zool Suppl 4 174-6 Unisexual (all-female) lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus are well suited for research in oogenesis, embryogenesis, nutrition, immunology, sex determination, genetics and the effects of aging and exposure to pathogens and chemicals, in addition to evolutionary biology. Individuals produce clones by means of parthenogenesis, and both diploid and triploid parthenogens exist. In addition, there are closely related bisexual (gonochoristic) species of Cnemidophorus. Advantages and disadvantages of maintaining laboratory colonies of Cnemidophorus are discussed. Journal Article Cole, Charles J. 1990 When is an individual not a species? Herpetologica 46 1 104-108 Species concept, individuals, evolution, speciation Journal Article Cole, C. J.;Desauer, H. C.;Townsend, C. R.;Arnold, M. G. 1990 Unisexual lizards of the genus Gymnophthalmus (Reptilia: Teiidae) in the neotropics: genetics, origin, and systematics American Museum Novitates 2994 1-29 reptiles, parthenogenesis, morphology, karyotypes, reproduction, underwoodi, hybrid, evolution, Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Townsend, Carol R. 1990 Parthenogenetic lizards as vertebrate systems Journal of Experimental Zoology 4 supplement 174-176 Journal Article Coley, S. J.;Smart, A. C. 1992 The nesting success of green trutles on beaches at Kazanli, Turkey Oryx 26 3 165-171 green/Turkey Journal Article Collard, S. B. 1990 Guest editorial: speculation on the distribution of oceanic-stage sea turtles, with emphasis on Kemp's ridley in the Gulf of Mexico Mar. Turtle Newsl. 48 6-8 Journal Article Collard, S.B.;Hansknecht, T.J. 1990 Life history notes: Caretta caretta (Loggerhead sea turtle) Habitat. Herp. Rev. 21 3 60 Journal Article Collazo, J.A.;Boulon, R.H.;Tallevast, T.L. 1992 Abubdance and growth patterns of Chelonia mydas in Culebra, Puerto Rico Journal of Herpetology 26 3 293-300 green; growth Journal Article Collett, M. G.;Verseput, M.P.;Maree, C.C. 1990 Newly identified virus diseases of captive snakes in south africa J. Herp. Asoc. Afr. vet,virus,serp PF x Journal Article Colli, G. R. 1991 Reproductive ecology of Ameiva ameiva (Sauria, Teiidae) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil Copeia 1991 4 1002-1012 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, eggs, clutch, cycles, morphology, distribution Journal Article Colli, G. R. 1992 Biogeography of Amazonian savanna reptiles Nat. Geo. Proposal 1-7 reptiles, Brazil, Book Collins, Joseph T. 1990 Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR (19) 41 Book Collins, Joseph T. 1990 Standard Common and Scientific Names for North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Third Edition St. Louis, MO SSAR iv, 41 p. Journal Article Collins, Joseph T. 1991 Viewpoint: a new taxonomic arrangement for some North American amphibians and reptiles Herpetological Review 22 42-43 systematics species concept lampropeltis triangulum taylori pyromelana infralabialis Journal Article Collins, Ben 1991 Conservation center for the desert tortoises in Nevada [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 221 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Collins, J. T. 1991 Amphibians and reptiles in the upper Mississippi river valley: systematic and distributional problems Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 66 4 149-152 Distribution, systematics, relationships, classification, ranges, locality, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, hybridization, intergradation, Book Collins, Joseph T.;Collins, Suzanne L. 1991 reptiles and Amphibians of the Cimarron National Grasslands Morton County, Kansas Lawrence, KS United States Forest Service viii, 60 p. Journal Article Collins, Joseph T. 1992 The evolutionary species concept: a reply to Van Devender et al. and Montanucci Herpetological Review 23 2 43-46 systematics lampropeltis pyromelana infralabialis alterna Journal Article Collins, Bobby R.;Jacobson, Elliott R.;Fuerst, Isabella M.;Brown, Mary B.;Klein, Paul A. 1992 Seasonal variation in the histology of the lymphoid structures of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) with upper respiratory tract disease Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 10 Journal Article Collins, J. T.;Frost, D. R.;Kluge, A. G.;Hillis, D. M. 1992 The evolutionary species concept: a reply to Van Devender et al. and Montanucci Species in contemporary herpetology: comments on phylogenetic inference and taxonomy Herp Review 23 2 43-54 Reptiles, amphibians, species, evolution, systematics, classification, taxonomy Journal Article Collins, J. T. 1992 New records of amphibians and reptiles in Kansas for 1991 Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter 87 12-17 Herps, Kansas, distribution, locality, records, ranges Journal Article Collins, J. T. 1992 Results of the fourth Kansas herp count held during April-May 1992 Kansas Herpetological Society Newsletter 89 10-13 Reptiles, amphibians, census, collection, Kansas, Journal Article Collins, J. T. 1992 Reply to Grobman on variation in Opheodrys aestivus Herp Review 23 1 15-16 Reptiles, snakes, reply, essay Journal Article Colvin, J.G. 1992 A code of ethics for research in the third world Conservation Biology 6 3 309-311 conservation Journal Article Comeau, S.;Lance, V. A.;Hicks, J. W.;Conlon, J. M. 1992 Purification and biological activity of alligator bradykinin Am J Physiol 263 2 Pt 2 R400-4 Alligators and Crocodiles/*metabolism; Amino Acids/analysis; Animal; Bradykinin/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/chemical synthesis/isolation & purification/*physiology; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Incubation of plasma form the alligator (Alligator mississipiensis) with glass beads in the presence of a kininase inhibitor resulted in the activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and generation of bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. The kinin peptides were purified to homogeneity and were shown to comprise [Thr6]-bradykinin and des- Arg9[Thr6]bradykinin in the molar ratio of approximately 10:1. Bolus injections of synthetic [Thr6]bradykinin into the jugular vein of the anesthetized alligator resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. The minimum dose of kinin producing a significant fall in pressure was 0.07 micrograms/kg body wt and the maximum response (25 +/- 6% fall; mean +/- SD, n = 8) was produced by a dose of 0.56 micrograms/kg body wt. The dose producing a half-maximum response was 0.19 +/- 0.08 micrograms/kg. The data indicate that alligator plasma contains all the components of the kallikrein-kinin system found in mammals and suggest that the system may be of physiological importance in the regulation of cardiovascular function in these reptiles. Book Conant, Roger;Collins, Joseph T. 1991 A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America Boston Houghton Mifflin Co. xviii + 450 Book Conant, Roger;Collins, Joseph T. 1991 A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians: Eastern/Central North America Boston Houghton Mifflin 450 Field Guide Thesis Conant, T.A. 1991 Ghost crab predation on emergent sea turtles from relocated nests on a barrier island, North Carolina Journal Article Conant, Roger 1992 The type locality of Agkistrodon halys caraganus Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 57 kazakhstan viperidae Book Conant, Roger;Stebbins, Robert C.;Collins, Joseph T. 1992 Peterson First Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians Boston Houghton Mifflin 128 Journal Article Conceicao, M.;Levy, J.;Marins, L.;Marcovaldi, M. 1990 Electrophoretic characterization of a hybrid between Eretmochelys imbricata and Carreta carreta (cheloniidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 97B 275-278 green; hawksbill Journal Article Conceicao, M.B.;Levy, J.A.;Marins, L.F;Marcovaldi, M.A. 1990 Electroporetic characterization of a hybrid between Eretmochelys imbricata and Caretta caretta (Cheloniidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 97B 2 275-278 loggerhead/hawksbill Journal Article Condon, C. J.;Chang, S. H.;Feng, A. S. 1991 Processing of behaviorally relevant temporal parameters of acoustic stimuli by single neurons in the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog Journal of Comparative Physiology A 168 709-725 neuroethology, acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, Rana pipiens, Ranidae, Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Sels, Richard C. van Loben 1991 Growth and body size in blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingi): relationships to reproduction Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 239-245 Growth, reproduction, Emydoidea blandingi, turtle, body size, clutch size, SREL, reptiles, Michigan Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Sels, Richard C. van Loben 1991 Growth and body size in blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingi): relationships to production Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 239-245 Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;van Loben Sels, Richard C. 1991 Growth and body size in Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingi): relationships to reproduction Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 239-245 Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Gotte, S.W.;Mcdiarmid, R.W. 1992 Ontogenetic Changes in Habitat Use by Juvenile Turtles, Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta Can Field-Natur 106 2 241-248 Snapping Turtle; Chelydra-Serpentina; Painted Turtle; Chrysemys-Picta; Habitat Selection; Juveniles; Marsh Depth Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Dunham, Arthur E.;van Loben Sels, Richard C. 1992 Demographics and delayed sexual maturity in Blanding's turtles: Implications for the conservation and management of long-lived chelonians Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 151-152 emydoidea blandingi Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Gotte, S. W.;McDiarmid, R. W. 1992 Ontogenetic changes in habitat use by juvenile turtles, Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta Canadian Field-Naturalist 106 241-248 reptiles, turtles, growth, maturity, selection, marsh depth Journal Article Conover, D.O.;Van Voorhees, D. A.;Ehtisham, A. 1992 Sex ratio selection and the evolution of environmental sex determination in laboratory populations of Menidia menidia Evolution 46 6 1722-1730 esd; fish; sex ratio; tsd Book Conservation, Committee on Sea Turtle 1990 Decline of the sea turtles: causes and prevention Washington, D.C. National Academy Press 259 pp. Journal Article Cook, Robert A. 1990 Range extension of the Darwin house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus Herpetofauna 20 1 23-27 Hemidactylus frenatus; Distribution Journal Article Cook, J.;Jarchow, J. 1991 Locomotion, neurological and limb problems in tortoises Tortoise Trust Newsl 5 6 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, extremities, nerves, neurology testu,vet,vit PF x Journal Article Cook, J. 1991 Nutritional osteodystrophy: A rational for a balanced calcium phosphorous diet Tortoise Trust Newsl 3 10-14 Reptilia, testudines, food, feeding, deficiency, calcium, phosphorus vit,testu,zucht PF x Book Section Cook, Francis R. 1992 Pitfalls in quantifying amphibian populations in Canada Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 83-86 Journal Article Cook, J. 1992 An overview of Vitamin A Tortoise Trust Newsl 2 1-4 Reptilia, testudines, food, feeding, vitamin A testu,vit PF x Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Burghardt, Gordon M. 1990 A comparative analysis of scoring methods for chemical discrimination of prey by squamate reptiles Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 1 45-65 reptilia tongue flicks broad headed skink eumeces laticeps garter snake thamnophis sirtalis Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Vitt, Laurie J.;Hedges, Richard;Huey, Raymond B. 1990 Locomotor imparment and defence in gravid lizards (Eumeces laticeps): behavioral shift in activity may offset costs of reproduction in an active forager Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27 153-157 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1990 Chemical detection of predators by a lizard, the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps) Journal of Experimental Zoology 256 162-167 Journal Article COOPER, W.E.;ALBERTS, A.C. 1990 Responses to chemical food stimuli by an herbivorous actively foraging lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis Herpetologica 46 3 259.266 Reptilia, sauria, Dipsosaurus dorsalis, food, feeding, stimuli, chemical Reprint Vet Path 90/177 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Burghardt, Gordon M. 1990 A comparative analysis of scoring methods for chemical discrimination of prey by squamate reptiles Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 1 45-65 Journal Article Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990 Prey odor discrimination by anguid lizards Herpetologica 46 2 183-190 Reptiles, lizards, anguidae, predation, smell, tongue-flick, foraging mode, vomerolfaction, Elgaria Journal Article Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990 Chemical detection of predators by a lizard, the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps) Journal of Experimental Zoology 256 162-167 Reptiles, lizards, chemical, smell, odor, predation, tongue-flick, South Carolina Journal Article Cooper, W. E., Jr.;Burghardt, G. M. 1990 A comparative analysis of scoring methods for chemical discrimination of prey by squamate reptiles Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 1 45-65 Reptiles, lizards, smell, predation, odor, tongue-flicks, broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, Thamnophis sirtalis Journal Article Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1990 Prey odor detection by teiid and lacertid lizards and the relationship of prey odor detection to foraging mode in lizard families Copeia 1990 1 237-242 Reptiles, lizards, tongue-flick, odor, smell, predation, foraging, Journal Article Cooper, William E. 1990 Prey odor detection by Teiid and Lacertid lizards and the relationship of prey odor detection to foraging mode in lizard families Copeia 1990 237-242 Journal Article Cooper, W. E. 1990 Prey odor discrimination by anguid lizards Herpetologica 46 2 183-190 tounge-flicking, foraging mode, vomerolfaction, prey odor, squamata, lacertilia, anguidae, Elgaria Journal Article Cooper, W. E. 1990 Chemical detection of predators by a lizard, the broad-headed skink (Eumeces laticeps) The Journal of Experimental Zoology 256 162-167 skink, predation Journal Article Cooper, W. E. Jr. 1990 Prey odor detection by teiid and lacertid lizards and the relationship of prey odor detection to foraging mode in lizard families Copeia 1990 1 237-242 scent, prey, predation, lizards Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Vitt, Laurie J.;Hedges, Richard;Huey, Raymond B. 1990 Locomotor impairment and defense in gravid lizards (Eumeces laticeps): behavioral shift in activity may offset costs of reproduction in an active forager Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27 153-157 Journal Article Cooper, W.E., Jr.;Burghardt, G.M. 1990 A comparative analysis of scoring methods fro chemical discrimination of prey by squamate reptiles Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 45-65 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Vitt, Laurie J. 1991 Influence of detectability and ability to escape on natural selection of conspicuous autotomous defenses Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 757-764 eumeces fasciatus laticeps Journal Article Cooper, J.E. 1991 Deaths in tortoises Vet.Rec. 128 364 Testudo/virology/short letter Journal Article Cooper, W. E.;Vitt, L. J. 1991 Influence of detectability to escape on natural selection of conspicuous autotomous defences Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 757-764 skinks, tail autonomy Journal Article Cooper, Edwin L.;Wright, Richard K.;Klempau, Alfredo E.;Smith, Carlos T. 1992 Hibernation alters the frog's immune system Cryobiology 29 616-631 rana pipiens Conference Proceedings Cooper, J.E. 1992 Exotic pets: an introduction for the small animal practitioner 1 717- Journal Article Cooper, J.E. 1992 Anaesthesia in exotic pets XVII WSAVA World congress 1 703 Mammalia, aves, reptilia, amphibia, pisces, narcosis Reprint Endnote 93/76 (no text received) Journal Article Cooper, William E. 1992 Elevation in tongue-flick rate after biting prey in the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps Journal of Chemical Ecology 18 455-467 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1992 Elevbation in tongue-flick rate after biting prey in the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps Journal of Chemical Ecology 18 3 455-467 Journal Article Cooper, William E. 1992 Elevation in tongue-flick rate after biting prey in the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps Journal of Chemical Ecology 18 3 455-467 Journal Article Cooper J.E. 1991 Deaths in tortoises Vet.Rec. 128 364 Testudo/virology/short letter * Thesis Cooper-Preston, H. 1991 Geographic variation in the population dynamics of Crocodylus johnstoni (Krefft) in three rivers in the Northern Territory, Australia Book Coote, Jon 1990 Reptiles: Proceedings of the 1988 U.K. Herpetological Societies Symposium on Captive Breeding London British Herpetological Society 107 Journal Article Copello, J.;Segal, Y.;Reuss, L. 1991 Cytosolic pH regulates maxi K+ channels in Necturus gall-bladder epithelial cells J Physiol (Lond) 434 577-90 Action Potentials/physiology; Animal; Calcium/metabolism; Cytosol/*metabolism; Epithelium/metabolism; Gallbladder/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Necturus maculosus; Potassium Channels/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. The patch clamp technique was used to study the effects of internal and external pH on the Ca(2+)- and voltage-activated maxi K+ channel present in the apical membrane of Necturus gall-bladder epithelial cells. 2. When the pH of the solution bathing the cytosolic side of inside-out patches (pHi) was lowered from 7.9 to 6.9, with internal free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) buffered below saturation levels for the channel gating sites, channel open probability (Po) decreased. At saturating Ca2+ concentrations, Po was near 1.0, and unaffected by pHi. The results are consistent with a competitive interaction between Ca2+ and H+ at regulatory binding sites. Kinetic analysis assuming competitive binding yields a Hill coefficient for H+ of 1.3. 3. At sub- maximal [Ca2+]i, changing the pH of the solution bathing the extracellular surface of the patch (pHo) between 8 and 7, had no effect on maxi K+ channel Po, but lowering pHo to 6 or 5 significantly reduced Po. At saturating [Ca2+]i, Po was independent of pHo. 4. There were no effects of either pHi or pHo on single-channel conductance. 5. Inasmuch as reductions in either pHo or pHi decrease maxi K+ channel Po, changes in maxi K+ channel activity account in part for the reduction of apical membrane K+ conductance elicited by acidification of the bathing medium. The dominant effect of pH on maxi K+ channels is on the cytosolic surface of the membrane. 6. The change in Po elicited by small changes in [H+]i (delta Po/delta [H+]i) is -7.6 microM-1, compared to delta Po/delta [Ca2+]i = 2.6 microM-1, both at Vm = -30 mV and at physiological intracellular [H+] and [Ca2+]. This implies that [H+]i and [Ca2+]i have opposite effects on channel Po at physiological levels and underlines the importance of pHi in channel gating. Journal Article Cordery, Ted 1991 State report on desert tortoise activities: Bureau of Land Management, Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 9-10 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Cordery, Theodore E., Jr.;Wirt, Elizabeth;Shields, Timothy;Woodman, A. Peter 1991 Results of investigation at three desert tortoise study plots in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 67-69 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Corn, Paul Stephen;Bury, R. Bruce 1990 Sampling methods for Terrestrial amphibians and reptiles Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-256 iv + 34 Journal Article Corn, Paul Stephen 1991 Displacement of desert tortoises: Overview of a study at the apex heavy industrial use zone, Clark County, Nevada Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 295-303 Gopherus agassizii Book Section Corn, P. S.;Bury, R. B. 1991 Terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon coast range Ruggiero, L. F.;Aubry, K. B.;Carey, A. B. and Huff, M. H. Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged douglas-fir forests: Amphibians of Oregon and Washington 305-317 community, population Book Section Corn, Paul Stephen;Bury, R. Bruce 1991 terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon Coast Range Ruggiero, L.F.;Aubry, K. B.;Carey, A. B. and Huff, M. H. Wildlife and Vegetation of Undamaged Douglas-fir Forests Portland USDA, FS, Pacific Northwest Research Station, GTR-285 305-321 Journal Article Corn, P. S.;Vertucci, F. A. 1992 Descriptive risk assessment of the effects of acidic deposition on rocky mountain amphibians J Herpetol 26 4 361-369 Amphibia, acidification We evaluated the risk of habitat acidification to the six species of amphibians that occur in the mountains of Colorado and Wyoming. Our evaluation included extrinsic environmental factors (habitat sensitivity and amount of acidic atmospheric deposition) and species-specific intrinsic factors (sensitivity to acid conditions, habitat preferences, and timing of breeding). Only one of 57 surveyed localities had both acid neutralizing capacity < 200 mueq/L and sulfate deposition > 10 kg/ha/yr, extrinsic conditions with a possible risk of acidification. Amphibian breeding habitats in the Rocky Mountains do not appear to be sufficiently acidic to kill amphibian embryos. Some species breed in high- elevation vernal pools during snowmelt, and an acidic purse during snowmelt may pose a risk to embryos of these species. However, the acidic pulse, if present, probably occurs before open water appears and before breeding begins. Although inherent variability of amphibian population size may make detection of declines from anthropogenic effects difficult, acidic deposition is unlikely to have caused the observed declines of Bufo boreas and Rana pipiens in Colorado and Wyoming. Amphibians in the Rocky Mountains are not likely to be at risk with acidification inputs at present levels. Journal Article Corn, Paul Stephen;Vertucci, Frank A. 1992 Descriptive risk assessment of the effects of acidic deposition on Rocky Mountain amphibians Journal of Herpetology 26 361-369 risk assessment, acidic deposition, Rocky Mountain amphibians Journal Article Corn, P. S.;Vertucci., F. A. 1992 Descriptive risk assessment of the effects of acidic deposition on Rocky Mountain amphibians Journal of Herpetology 26 361-369 Journal Article Cornish, Michael J. 1991 New techniques with radio telemetry and desert tortoises [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 304 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Cornish, Michael J.;Weinstein, Michael 1992 relocation of the desert tortoise: The Honda Project, the second year Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 153 Journal Article Corson, D. W.;Cornwall, M. C.;MacNichol, E. F.;Mani, V.;Crouch, R. K. 1990 Transduction noise induced by 4-hydroxy retinals in rod photoreceptors Biophys J 57 1 109-15 Ambystoma; Animal; Comparative Study; Light; Photoreceptors/drug effects/*physiology; Pigments/pharmacology; Retinaldehyde/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology; Retinoids/*pharmacology; Structure-Activity Relationship; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. New visual pigments were formed with 4-hydroxy retinals in isolated vertebrate rod photoreceptors by exposing bleached rods from the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, to lipid vesicles containing the analogues. Formation of physiologically active pigment was demonstrated by the restoration of sensitivity and by a shift of approximately 50 nm in the peak of both the visual pigment absorptance spectrum and rod spectral sensitivity spectrum from approximately 520 to approximately 470 nm for 11-cis 4-hydroxy retinal. Membrane current recordings from the inner segments of isolated rods revealed excess fluctuations in membrane current after formation of the new pigment in bleached cells or after exposure of unbleached cells to flashes in the presence of the analogue. The excess current fluctuations are similar to the fluctuations elicited by steady light producing a few discrete responses per second, a rate approximately 100 times greater than the normal rate of spontaneous events in darkness. These results suggest that analogues of retinal can produce alterations in the frequency of production of discrete responses in darkness in rod photoreceptors. Journal Article Cortes, R. A.;R., J. L. Camarillo;Bezy, R. L. 1990 Distribution, species status, and reproductive mode of the xantusiid lizard Lepidophymya pajapanensis Southwestern Naturalist 35 3 373-374 reptiles, lizards, Mexico, reproduction, museum specimens Journal Article Cortez, S.;Brandenburger, H.;Greuel, E.;Sundrum, A. 1992 Investigations of the Relationships Between Feed and Health Status on the Intestinal Flora of Rabbits (in German) Tierärztl. Umsch. 47 7 544-549 Mammalia, lagomorpha, rabbit, Oryctolagus, feeding, nutrition, intestinal flora, dysbacteriosis The flora was examined at different locations in the intestine. Predominant bacteria were bacteroides and bacilli, Lactobacilli, streptococci, E. coli and clostridia were isolated only sporadically. There were nor differences between organically and conventionally fed rabbits. After feeding a ration with excess protein for two weeks, clostridia were isolated from 13 of 16 animals. The prevalence of E. coli increased slightly. Rabbits with enteritis had high concentrations of E. coli, clostridia and lactobacilli. No differences between the rectal flora and the caecal flora were observed and, therefore rectal swabs are suitable for diagnosis. Journal Article Cortwright, S. A.;Nelson, C. E. 1990 An examination of multiple factors affecting community structure in an aquatic amphibian community Oecologia 83 123-131 predation, competition, Amphibia, larvae, tadpole, survivorship, frog, salamander Journal Article Cortwright, S. A.;Nelson., C. E. 1990 An examination of multiple factors affecting community structure in an aquatic amphibian community Oecologia 83 123-131 Journal Article Costanzo, Jon P.;Claussen, Dennis L. 1990 Natural freeze tolerance in the terrestrial turtle, Terrapene carolina The Journal of Experimental Zoology 254 228-232 freeze, cold, tolerance, turtles, box Journal Article Costanzo, J. P.;Claussen, D. L. 1990 Natural freeze in the terrestrial turtle, Terrapene carolina The Journal of Experimental Zoology 254 228-232 box turtle, cold Journal Article Costanzo, J. P.;Lee, R. E.;Wright, M. F. 1991 Effect of cooling rate on the survival of frozen wood frogs, Rana sylvatica Journal of Comparative Physiology B 225-227 freeze tolerance, cooling rate, glucose, cryoprotection, dehydration, frog Book Section Coto, Alegria;Roberto, Jose;Leon, Pedro E. 1991 Repetitive DNA sequences and the evolution of Neotropical plethodontid salamanders Amphibian cytogenetics and evolution Academic Press, Inc. 157-173 Amphibia, Urodela, Plethodontidae, Lissamphibia, karyotype, technique, evolution, cytogenetics, taxonomy, systematics, phylogenetics, chromosome, RNA, DNA Journal Article Cotton, M. F.;Shahak, E.;Muller, G. J.;Heyns, L.;Kalis, N. N.;Aalbers, C. 1991 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, an unusual complication of an elapid snakebite [letter] S Afr Med J 79 12 735-6 Journal Article Coulson, R.A.;Coulson, T.D.;Herbert, J.D. 1990 How do digestion and assimilation rates in alligators vary with temperature? Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Comp. Physiol. 96 4 441-449 AM, physiology, food, temperature, Edited Book Council, National Research 1990 Decline of the Sea Turtles: causes and prevention Washington, DC national Academy Press xvi, 259 Journal Article Couper, Patrick J.;Ingram, Glen J. 1992 A new species of skink of Lerista from Queensland and a re-appraisal of L. allanae (Longman) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 1 55-59 Book Section Coutino, M.E.;Mourao, G.M.;Campos, Z.M. da S.;Pinheiro, M.S.;Abercrombie, C.L. 1992 Growth of caiman (Caiman Crocodilus yacare) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 77 Journal Article Covacevich, J. A.;Couper, P.;Molnar, R. E.;Witten, G.;Young, W. 1990 Miocene dragons from Riversleigh: new data on the history of the Family Agamidae (Reptilia: Squamata) in Australia Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 339-360 Journal Article Covacevich, J. A.;McDonald, K.;Trigger, D. 1990 Walunarra, Bungarra Mali and the Gangalidda at old Doomadgee Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 322 Book Coventry, A. John;Robertson, Peter 1991 The Snakes of Victoria: A Guide to Their Identification Melbourne, VIC Museum of Melbourne 70 Journal Article Cowan, B. J.;Foty, Ramsey A.;Liversage, Richard Albert 1991 Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin localization in the pancreas of metamorphosed Xenopus laevis Tissue and Cell 23 6 777-787 Book Section Cox, J.H. 1990 Crocodile management in Indonesia: problems, policies and progress Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 161-195 Book Cox, Merel J. 1991 The Snakes of Thailand and their Husbandry Malabar, FL Krieger xxxviii + 526 Journal Article Cox, W. A.;J. B. Hazelrig, M. E. Turner, R. A. Angus,;Marion, K. R. 1991 A model for growth in the musk turtle, Sternotherus minor, in a north Florida spring Copeia 1991 4 954-968 Sternotherus minor Journal Article Coyne, Jerry A. 1992 Genetics and speciation Nature 355 511-515 Book Section Craig, G.C. 1992 A population model for the Nile crocodile with an analysis of sustainable harvesting strategies Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 78-81 Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess 1991 Notes on the natural history, husbandry, and breeding of the gray-banded kingsnake Vivarium 3 2 7-10 Lampropeltis alterna Journal Article Crawford, K.M., , 1991 The Winter Environment of Painted Turtles, Chrysemys-Picta - Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Potential Cues for Emergence Canadian Journal of Zoology - Journal Canadien de Zoologie 69 9 2493-2498 ACID-BASE, GAS-EXCHANGE, WATER, SUBMERGENCE, BELLII, HIBERNATION, DEMOGRAPHY, PHYSIOLOGY KM Crawford, Univ Michigan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Journal Article Crawford, K.M.; 1991 The Winter Environment of Painted Turtles, Chrysemys-Picta - Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Potential Cues for Emergence Canadian Journal of Zoology - Journal Canadien de Zoologie 69 9 2493-2498 ACID-BASE, GAS-EXCHANGE, WATER, SUBMERGENCE, BELLII, HIBERNATION, DEMOGRAPHY, PHYSIOLOGY KM Crawford, Univ Michigan, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Journal Article Crawford, Michael J. W. K.;Liversage, Richard Albert 1992 Pattern perturbation in Xenopus laevis forelimb regenerates following treatment with retinoic acid and carrier media Monographs in Developmental Biology 23 146-156 Book Section Crawshaw, P.G., Jr. 1991 Effects of hunting on the reproduction of the Paraguayan caiman (Caiman yacare) in the Pantanal of Matogrosso, Brazil Robinson, J.G. and Redford, K.H. Neotropical wildlife use and conservation. 145-153 CY, utilization, South America Book Section Crawshaw, Graham J. 1992 The role of disease in amphibian decline Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 60-62 Journal Article Crawshaw, L. I.;Rausch, R. N.;Wollmuth, L. P.;Bauer, E. J. 1992 Seasonal rhythms of development and temperature selection in larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw Physiological Zoology 65 346-359 Amphibia, Anura, Rana catesbeiana, development, growth, temperature, ecology Journal Article Crawshaw, L. I.;R. N. Rausch, L. P. Wollmuth;Bauer., E. J. 1992 Seasonal rhythms of development and temperature selection in larval bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Physiological Zoology 65 346-359 Journal Article Cree, A.;Guillette, L. J., Jr.;Cockrem, J. F.;Brown, M. A.;Chambers, G. K. 1990 Absence of daily cycles in plasma sex steroids in male and female tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), and the effects of acute capture stress on females Gen Comp Endocrinol 79 1 103-13 The possible existence of daily cycles in plasma concentrations of sex steroids was examined in wild male and female tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). Samples were collected from freshly captured animals at dusk, middle of the night, dawn, and middle of the day in January (summer) and July (winter). Males showed daily cycles in mean body temperature (Tb) in both seasons but no daily cycle in mean plasma testosterone concentration in either season. Vitellogenic female tuatara in January and females in mixed reproductive condition in July also showed significant daily variation in Tb. However, there were no daily cycles in mean plasma concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone in either group of females. Vitellogenic female tuatara subjected to an acute capture stress (3-hr confinement) in January had mean plasma concentrations of estradiol and testosterone that did not differ from those of free-roaming females. However, progesterone and Tb were significantly higher in captives than in free-roaming females. The elevation in progesterone may result from physical confinement, the difference in Tb, or both. These data suggest that seasonal fluctuations in circulating concentrations of plasma sex steroids in tuatara can be determined using samples collected at different times of the 24-hr cycle. However, the effects of acute capture stress and/or changes in Tb on plasma progesterone concentrations need to be considered in future studies on this and possibly other female reptiles. Journal Article Cree, A.;Guillette, L.J.;Brown, M.A.;Chambers, G.K.;Cockrem, J.F.;Newton, J.D. 1991 Slow estradiol vitellogenesis in the Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus Physiol. Zool. 64 5 1234-1251 Reptilia, squamata, tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, physiology, vitellogenesis, induction, estradiol. Reprint Endnote 93/536 Journal Article CREE, A.;GUILLETTE, L.J.;COCKREM, J.F. 1991 Identification of female tuatara in ovulatory condition using plasma sex steroid concentrations Nw. Zealand J. Zool. 18 4 421-426 Reptilia, sauria, Sphenodon, physiology, ovulation, steriod, analysis. A Cree,Univ Otago,Dept Zool,Box 56,Dunedin, New Zealand. Reprint Endnote 93/450 Journal Article CREE, A.;COCKREM, J.F. ;Brown, M.A.;Watson, P.R. ;Guilette, L.J.;Newman, D.G. ;Chambers, G.K. 1991 Laparoscopy, radiography, and blood analyses as techniques for identifying the reproductive condition of female Tuatara. Herpetologica 47 2 238-249 Reptilia, sauria, Tuatara,Sphenodon punctatus, reproduction, laparoscopy, radiography, blood analyses "x" Journal Article Crews, D.;Bull, J.J.;Wibbels, T. 1991 Esrogen and sex reversal in turtles: A dose-dependent phenomenon General and Comparative Endocrinology 81 357-364 Ecotoxicology Journal Article Crews, D.;Bull, J.J.;Wibbels, T. 1991 Estrogen and sex reversal in turtles: a dose dependent phenomenon General and Comparative Endocrinology 81 357-364 sex ratio Book Section Crews, D.;Tousignant, A.;Wibbels, T.;Ross, J.P. 1992 Hormonal determination of gender and behaviour in reptiles Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 82-94 Journal Article Crnobrnja, J.;Kalezic, M.L. 1990 The organization of the genetic variation in the crested newt (Triturus cristatus Complex) from Yugoslavia Genetika 22 133-146 Journal Article Crnobrnja, J.;Bejakovic, D.;Dzukic, G.;Kalezic, M.L.;Tucic, N. 1991 Asymmetry in common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) and sharp snout rock lizard (Lacerta oxycephala) island populations from Skadar Lake Arh. biol. nauka 43 3-4 115-126 Journal Article Crnobrnja, J.;Kalezic, M.L.;Tucic, N. 1992 Multilocus structure of the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris, Caudata) natural populations Genet. Sel. Evol. 24 385-392 Book Crocodile Specilist Group 1990 Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist, IUCN. Vols. 1 & 2 Gland, Switzerlad The World Conservation Union Vol. 1: xvi, 354; Vol. 2: vi, 345 Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1990 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 7th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland ISBN 2-88032-306-1 xxviii + 446 pp Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1990 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 2 ISBN 2-8317-0009-4 iv + 380 pp Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1990 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 1 ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1990 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 1 ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1990 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 2 ISBN 2-8327-0023-X vi + 345 pp Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1992 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 2 ISBN 2-8317-0133-3 Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1992 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 1 ISBN 2-8317-0132-5 Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1992 Crocodile Conservation Action A Special Publication of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union Gland, Switzerland Journal Article Crombie, R. I. 1992 Book review: Lizards of the orient; a checklist Copeia 1992 2 590-594 Book Section Crother, Brain I.;Campbell, Jonathan A.;Hillis, David M. 1992 Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the palm-pitvipers, genus Bothriechis: biochemical and morphological evidence Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 1-19 bothrops evolution systematics Journal Article Crowe, M. J.;Pixley, S. K. 1992 Species differences in amphibian olfactory neuron reactivity to a monoclonal antibody Brain Res Bull 28 5 785-8 Ambystoma; Amphibia/*physiology; Animal; *Antibodies, Monoclonal; Comparative Study; Immunohistochemistry; Neurons/*physiology; Olfactory Mucosa/anatomy & histology/innervation; Peptide Synthases/immunology; Rana catesbeiana; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Xenopus laevis A monoclonal antibody immunostained a subpopulation of olfactory sensory neurons in cryostat sections of the olfactory mucosa of the grass frog, Rana pipiens, and the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. However, in the olfactory tissues of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, only mucus and mucus-secreting components were stained, and no cell- specific immunoreactivity was seen in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. This antibody is a useful marker of olfactory neuronal subpopulations in some amphibians and illustrates the difficulties in cross-species immunocytochemistry. Journal Article Crucitti, P.;Campese, A.;Malori, M. 1990 Popolazioni sintopiche di Emy orbicularis e Mauremys caspica nella Tracia, Grecia Orientale (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 8 1 187-196 Book Crumly, Charles R. 1990 Type Catalogues of Herpetological Collections: An Annotated List of Lists Lawrence, KS SSAR No. 18 50 Journal Article Crump, M. L. 1990 Possible enhancement of growth in tadpoles through cannibalism Copeia 1990 560-564 Journal Article Crump, M. L. 1991 Choice of oviposition site and egg load assessment by a treefrog Herpetologica 47 308-315 Journal Article Crump, M. L.;Vaira., M. 1991 Vulnerability of Pleurodema borelli tadpoles to an avian predator: effect of body size and density Herpetologica 47 316-321 Book Section Crump, M. L. 1992 Cannibalism in amphibians Elgar, M. A. and Crespi, B. J. Cannibalism: Ecology and Evolution Among Diverse Taxa Oxford, U. K. Oxford University Press 256-276 Amphibia, oophagy, costs, populations, tadpoles, larvae Journal Article Cruz, Feliux B.;Perotti, M. Gabriela;Fitzgerald, Lee A. 1992 List of amphibians and reptiles from a locality of the Argentine Chaco (Salta) Acata Zoologica Lilloana 42 1 101-107 Journal Article Cruz, F. B.;Perotti, M. G.;Fitzgerald, L. A. 1992 Lista de anfibios y reptiles colectados en una localidad del Chaco Salteno Acta Zoologica Lilloana 42 1 101-107 species list, amphibians, reptiles, Argentina, Journal Article Cuellar, Orlando;Wright, John W. 1992 Isogenicity in the unisexual lizard Cnemidophorus velox C.R. Soc. Biogéogr. 68 4 157-160 zion parthenogenesis skin grafting histocompatibility Journal Article Cupp, P. V., Jr. 1991 Aspects of the life history and ecology of the green salamander, Aneides aeneus, in Kentucky. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 66 171-174 Journal Article Cusumano, M. A.;Powell, R. 1991 A note on the diet of Amphisbaena gonavensis in the Dominican Republic Amphibia-Reptilia 350-352 diet, Amphisbaena gonavensis, Dominican Republic Journal Article Cutts, W. 1992 Gopher tortoise reproduction - Caladesi Island Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour., Resour. Manage. Notes 4 1 3 Journal Article Czechura, G. V.;Ingram, Glen J. 1990 Notes on the distribution and occurrence of some striped skinks (genus Ctenotus) in Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 366 Journal Article Czechura, Gregory V.;Ingram, Glen J. 1990 Taudactylus diurnus and the case of the disappearing frogs Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 361-365 Journal Article Czechura, G. V. 1990 Further evidence of ophiophagy in an Australian falcon Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 332 Journal Article D'Amato, A. F. 1992 Notas sobre o desenvolvimento de Platemys spixii (Dumeril & Bibron, 1835) (Testudines: Chelidae) em cativeiro Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 14 1 87-94 turtle; hatchling; egg; development Journal Article Daddario, B. 1991 Hatchling feeding tips Nytts NewsNotes 2 2 testu,zucht,vit PF x Journal Article Dahlem, Eugene A. 1991 Recent Bureau of Land Management efforts in tortoise habitat management in Arizona Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 70-71 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dahlem, Eugene A. 1991 The desert tortoise and Arizona BLM: 1989 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 165-166 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dahlem, Eugene A. 1991 Arizona Bureau of Land Management accomplishments for 1989 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 222-223 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dahlem, Eugene A. 1991 Report of the desert tortoise management oversight group: 1989 accomplishments and 1990 goals Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 224 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dailey, M.D.;Fast, M.L.;Balasz, G.H. 1991 Carettacola hawaiiensis n. sp. (Trematoda: spirorchidae) from the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Hawaii J. Parasitol. 77 6 906-909 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, helminth, Trematoda, spirorchidae,Carettacola hawaiiensis n. sp. Reprint Endnote 94/190 and 94/194 Journal Article Dainton, B. H. 1991 Heat tolerance and thyroid activity in developing tadpoles and juvenile adults of Xenopus laevis (Daudin) Journal of Thermal Biology 16 273-276 Journal Article Dale, Roger A.;Lee, Jun 1992 New initiatives for desert tortoise habitat acquisition and conservation Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 154-157 Journal Article Dalrymple, G. H. 1991 Patterns of species diversity of snake community assemblages, with data on two everglades snake assemblages Copeia 1991 2 517-521 diversity, community, species, behavior Journal Article Dalrymple, George H.;Steiner, T. M.;Nodell, R. J. 1991 Seasonal activity of the snakes of Long Pine Key, Everglades National Park Copeia 1991 2 294-302 snakes, keys, florida, activity Report Dalton, Larry B.;Price, Jennifer S.;Romin, Laura A. 1990 Fauna of Southeastern Utah and Life requisites Regarding Their Ecosystems Journal Article Daltry, Jennifer 1991 The social hierarchy of the water monitor, Varanus salvator Hamadryad 16 10-20 Varanus salvator; Behavior Journal Article Daly, Joanne C.;Patton, J. L. 1990 Dispersal, gene flow, and allelic diversity between local populations of Thomomys bottae pocket gophers in the coastal ranges of California Evolution 44 5 1283-1294 genetics Journal Article Daly, Garry 1992 Aggressive territorial behaviour of free range water dragons (Physignathus lesueurii) Herpetofauna 22 1 37 Physignathus lesueurii Journal Article Daly, John W.;Caceres, Janet;Moni, Roger W.;Gusovsky, Fabian;Moos, Malcolm, Jr.;Seamon, Kenneth B.;Milton, Katherin;Myers, Charles W. 1992 Frog secretions and hunting magic in the upper Amazon: Identification of a peptide that interacts with an adenosine receptor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89 10960-10963 Journal Article Daly, J. W.;Secunda, S. I.;Garraffo, H. M.;Spande, T. F.;Wisnieski, A.;Nishihira, C.;J. F. Cover, Jr. 1992 Variability in alkaloid profiles in neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae): Genetic versus environmental determinants Toxicon. 30 8 887-898 amphibians, frogs, chemicals Journal Article Daly, J. W.;Caceres, J.;Moni, R. W.;Gusovsky, F.;M. Moos, Jr.;Seaman, K. B.;Milton, K.;Myers, C. W. 1992 Frog secretions and hunting magic in the upper Amazon: Identification of a peptide that interacts with an adenosine receptor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89 10960-10963 Phyllomedusa bicolor, skin secretions, peptides, adenoregulin, Brazil, Peru, Amphibia, Anura Journal Article Damm, Norm 1992 Book Review: Proper Care of Snakes Notes From NOAH 20 3 22-23 Journal Article Damme, Van Raoul;Bauwens, Dirk;Castilla, Aurora M. 1990 Comaparative thermal ecology of the sympatric lizards Pocarcis tiliguerta and Podarcis sicula Oecologica 11 4 503-12 thermal biology, lizard Journal Article Damme, Raoul Van;Bawens, Dirk;Brana, Florentino;Rudolf, F. 1992 Incubation temperature differentially affects hatching time, survival, andhatchlingperformance in the lizard Podarcis muralis Herpetologica 48 2 220-228 temperature, functional effects, incubation, performance Journal Article Daneri, G. A. 1991 Tertología en Dermatonotus muelleri (Boettger, 1885) (Microhylidae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 6 1 6 teratology; Dermatonotus muelleri Journal Article Daniels, Christopher B.;Heatwole, Harold 1990 Factors affecting the escape behavior of a riparian lizard Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 375-387 Journal Article Daniels, Christopher B. 1990 The relative importance of host behaviour, method of transmission and longevity on the establishment of an Acanthocephalan population in two reptilian hosts Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 2 367-374 Journal Article Daniels, R. J. Ranjit 1991 The problem of conserving amphibians in the Western Ghats, India Current Science 60 11 630-632 Journal Article Daniels, R. J. Ranjit 1992 Range extensions in some south Indian amphibians Hamadryad 17 40-42 India Journal Article Daniels, R. J. Ranjit 1992 Captive breeding of anurans Hamadryad 17 47-48 Conservation; Captive breeding Book Daniels, J.C. 1992 The book of Indian Reptiles Bombay Bombay Natural History Society 141 + 52 plates India Journal Article Daniels, R. J. Ranjit 1992 Geographical Range and Ecology of the Verrucose Frog Rana Deralensis (Dubois) Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 89 2 199-203 Journal Article Darevsky, Ilya S. 1992 Two new species of the worm-like lizard Dibamus (Sauria, Dibamidae), with remarks on the distribution and ecology of Dibamus in Vietnam Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 1-12 sauria china taxonomy sp. nov. bourreti greeri smithi bogadeki montanus key Journal Article Darevsky, Ilya S.;Orlov, Nikolai L. 1992 A new subspecies of the dwarf snake Calamaria lowi ingermarxi ssp. nov. (Serpentes, Colubridae) from Southern Vietnam Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 13-17 colubridae biogeography distribution taxonomy Book Section Dart, Richard C.;McNally, Jude T.;Spaite, Daniel W.;Gustafson, Richard 1992 The sequelae of pitviper poisoning in the United States Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 395-404 snakebite Edited Book Darwin, Steven P.;Welden, Arthur L. 1992 Biogeography of Mesoamerica: Proceedings of a Symposium, Mérida, Yucatán, México October 26-30, 1984 New Orleans Tulane University viii, 342 p. Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1990 Intergradation between Melanochelys trijuga trijuga and M. t. coronata (Testudines: Emydidae: Batagurinae) Asiatic Herpetological Research 3 52-53 ussr systematics ecology dinniki darevskii armenia turkey ursini eriwanensis renardi Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Whitaker, Romulus 1990 Herpetological investigations in the western Ghats, South India. part I. The vanjikadavu and Nadukani forests, Kerala State Hamadryad 15 6-9 Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1990 Distributional Records for Chelonians from North-Eastern India Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 87 1 91-97 Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1991 Morphometrics of Eryx conicus (Schneider) at a locality in South India (Squamata: Boidae) Hamadryad 16 21-24 Eryx conicus; Morphometrics Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1991 Book Review: Zoogeography of Indian Amphibans: Distribution, Diversity and Spatial relationship Hamadryad 16 33 Book Review Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1991 Book Review: Lizards of the Orient: A Checklist Hamadryad 16 35 Book Review Book Das, Indraneil 1991 Color Guide to the Turtles and Tortoises of the Indian Subcontinent Avon, England R & A Publishing vi + 133 + 16 plates India; Chelonia Book Das, Indraneil 1991 Colour guide to the turtles and tortoises of the Indian subcontinent Avon, England R & A Publishing vi + 133 + 16 plates India; Chelonia Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1992 Cyrtodactylus madarensis Sharma (1980), a junior synonym of Eublepharis macularius Blyth (1854) Asiatic Herpetological Research 4 55-56 gekkonidae systematics Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1992 Eggs and hatchlings of some lizards from Borneo Hamadryad 17 42-45 Ptychozoon horsfieldii; Hemiphyllodactylus typus; Cosymbotus platyurus; Draco quinquefasciatus; Bronchocela cristatella Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1992 Notes on egg sizes and ticks of the yellow-lipped sea krait (Laticauda colubrinus) on Palau Punyit, Brunei Darussalam Hamadryad 17 45-46 Laticauda colubrina; Ticks; Egg size Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1992 Book Review: Frogs of Sabah Hamadryad 17 54-55 Book Review Journal Article Dasgupta, Ritwik 1990 Distribution and conservation problems of the Himalayan newt (Tylototriton verrucosus) in the Darjeeling Himalayas Hamadryad 15 13-15 Tylototriton verrucosus; Conservation; Distribution Journal Article Dash, M. C.;Mahapatro., B. K. 1990 Effect of food quality and quantity on growth and metamorphosis of Bufo stomaticus larvae J. Ecobiol. 2 67-76 Journal Article Dasmahapatra, A.K.;Thomas, C.R.;Frieden, E. 1992 Isolation, Stabilization, and Molecular Weight Estimation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors of Tadpole and Chick Embryo Erythrocytes Receptor 2 4 213-223 Thyroid Hormone Receptors of Tadpole and Chick Embryo Erythrocytes; Isolation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors Using EDTA; KCl and Thiol Reagents Stabilize Thyroid Hormone Receptors; Molecular Weight of Thyroid Hormone Receptors; Gel Permeation Chromatography of Thyroid Hormone Receptors; Binding Affinity of Isolated Thyroid Hormone Receptors; Effects of DNAse, RNase, and Protease on Thyroid Hormone Receptors; NUCLEAR TRIIODOTHYRONINE RECEPTORS; BINDING-SITES; LIVER Journal Article DATHE, F. 1992 Kokzidienbefall bei Schlangen und Echsen im Reptilienbestand des Tierparks Berlin-Friedrichsfelde Vortragszusammenfassungen der Dght Jahrestagung 20 serp,echsen,vet,proto PF x Journal Article Dathe, F. 1992 Coccidiosis in snakes and lizards in the reptile collection of the Zoo Berlin- Friedrichsfelde. Kokzidienbefall bei Schlangen und Echsen im Reptilienbestand des Tierparks Berlin-Friedrichsfelde Vortragszusammenfassungen der Dght Jahrestagung 1992 20 serp,echsen,vet,proto PF x Journal Article Dattatri, Shekar 1990 The herpetologist as photographer Hamadryad 15 36-41 Photography Journal Article Daubendiek, Bertha 1992 Report on the Michigan Nature Association's copperbelly water snake sanctuary Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 27 11 234 conservation reserve Journal Article Davenport, J.D.;Grove, J.;Cannon, J.;Ellis, T.R.;Stables, R. 1990 Food capture, appetite, digestion rate and efficiency in hatchling and juvenile Crocodylus porosus J. Zool., Lond. 220 4 569-592 CPR, food, behavior, physiology, Journal Article Davenport, J.;Holland, D.L.;East, J. 1990 Thermal and biochemical characteristics of the lipids of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea: evidence of endothermy J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 70 33-41 leatherback Journal Article Davenport, J.;Wong, T. M. 1992 Aerial and aquatic respiration in the black-rayed softshell turtle Amyda cartilaginea Herpetol J 2 4 115-120 Reptilia, testudines, black-rayed softshell turtle, Amyda cartilaginea, respiration Black-rayed softshell turtles (Amyda cartilaginea ) from Malaysia were shown to be capable of extracting oxygen from water by a combination of cutaneous and buccopharyngeal respiration. Given access to air as well as water they consumed a mean 81 ml O2 g-1h-1; when submerged and respiring aquatically the uptake fell to a mean value of 21 ml O2 g-1h-1(ratio 3.86:1). Behavioural data show that the turtles cannot survive indefinitely by aquatic respiration alone as they incur an oxygen debt, even when inactive. Scope for activity is substantially reduced, even when air becomes available, until the oxygen debt is repaid. Buccopharyngeal respiration is a normal feature of behaviour, and is not used solely during prolonged submergence. The turtles pump some 40-80 ml water min-1 through the pharynx at 30 °C. Turtles display dilated cutaneous blood vessels when they are submerged for long periods. Reprint Endnote 93/100 Journal Article Davenport, J.;Wong, T. M.;East, J. 1992 Feeding and digestion in the omnivorous estuarine turtle Batagur baska (Gray) Herpetol J 2 4 133-139 Reptilia, testudines, terrapin, Batagur baska, nutrition, digestion, herbivory The emydid river terrapin Batagur baska (colloquially known as the tuntong) lives in rivers and estuaries of S.E. Asia. The species is omnivorous, but predominantly herbivorous from the hatchling stage onwards. Young fiver terrapins (3-4 months; 140-200 g body wt) from a headstarting programme in western Malaysia were studied. Appetite on a plant diet (kangkong; Ipomoea aquatica: Convolvulacea) was extremely high (16% body wt d-1 on fresh wt basis); river terrapins spend long periods of browsing, using the double serrations of the upper beak to cut up plant material. The serrations also function in ratchet like fashion to allow large leaves to be progressively moved into the oesophagus without the turtle losing contact with the food. Batagur baska readily eats water hyacinth (Echornia crassipes), a plant which often chokes tropical waterways. River terrapins fed on trash fish move a meal through the gut more quickly (total gut clearance time, TGCT = 5 days) than do those fed upon kangkong (TGCT = 6 days). The gut features a large stomach. a small intestine of moderate length but large diameter and a capacious large intestine. The gut does not sort material. Assimilation efficiency on a diet of fish (mean assimilation of dry mass = 91.6%, of energy (joules) = 90.5%. of protein = 97.4%) is much greater than on a diet of kangkong (43.2%, 38.6% and 66.0% respectively). It is recommended that headstarted animals are regularly fed on fish to improve growth rates. River terrapins readily eat plant material in salinities between 0 and 19.8 parts per thousand, but refuse to eat in water of 23.1 parts per thousand, or more, presumably to avoid the incidental drinking of water with a higher ionic content than their blood. Journal Article Davenport, J.;Andrews, T.J.;Hudson, G. 1992 Assimilation of energy, protein and fatty acids by the Spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus crocodilus L Herp. J, 2 3 72-76 CCR, biochemistry, food, physiology, Book Section David, D. 1990 Florida's alligator management program Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 196-205 Book Section David, D.N. 1990 Summary of alligator farming records in Florida Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 54-103 AM, farming, reproduction, demography, FL Journal Article David, Patrick 1990 Rapport d'activité de la Commission de Terrariophilie Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 56 80-81 Journal Article Davies, M.;Richards., S. J. 1990 Developmental biology of the Australian hylid frog Nyctimystes dayi (Günther) Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 114 207-211 Journal Article Davies, M. 1991 Descriptions of the tadpoles of some Australian limnodynastine leptodactylid frogs Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 115 67-76 Journal Article Davies, P. J.;Donald, J. A. 1992 The distribution and colocalization of neuropeptides in perivascular nerves innervating the large arteries and veins of the snake, Elaphe obsoleta Cell Tissue Res 269 3 495-504 Adrenergic Fibers/chemistry/ultrastructure; Animal; Arteries/chemistry/*innervation; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/analysis; Colubridae/*anatomy & histology/metabolism; Enkephalin, Leucine/analysis; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunohistochemistry; Inosine Monophosphate/analysis; Neurons/*chemistry/ultrastructure; Neuropeptide Y/analysis; Neuropeptides/*analysis/metabolism; Somatostatin/analysis; Substance P/analysis; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysis; Veins/chemistry/*innervation; 5'-Guanylic Acid/analysis Single- and dual-labelling immunohistochemistry were used to determine the distribution and coexistence of neuropeptides in perivascular nerves of the large arteries and veins of the snake, Elaphe obsoleta, using antibodies for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, galanin, somatostatin, and leu-enkephalin. Blood vessels were sampled from four regions along the body of the snake: region 1, arteries and veins anterior to the heart; region 2, central vasculature 5 cm anterior and 10 cm posterior to the heart; region 3, arteries and veins in a 30-cm region posterior to the liver; and region 4, dorsal aorta and renal arteries, renal and intestinal veins, 5-30 cm cephalad of the vent. A moderate to dense distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive fibres was found in most arteries and veins of regions 1-3, but fibres were absent from the vessels of region 4. The majority of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive fibres contained colocalized substance P-like immunoreactivity, and these fibres were unaffected by either capsaicin or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) pretreatment. In the anterior section of the snake, the vagal trunks contained many cell bodies with colocalized vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P-like immunoreactivity. It is suggested that the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/substance P-like immunoreactive cell bodies and fibres are parasympathetic postganglionic nerves. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive fibres were observed in all arteries and veins, being most dense in regions 3 and 4. The majority of these fibres also contained colocalized galanin-like immunoreactivity, and were absent in tissues from 6-OHDA pretreated snakes, suggesting that neuropeptide Y and galanin are colocalized in adrenergic nerves. A small number of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive fibres contained vasoactive intestinal polypeptide but not galanin, and were unaffected by 6-OHDA treatment. All calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive fibres contained colocalized substance P-like immunoreactivity, and these fibres were observed in all vessels, being particularly dense in the carotid artery and jugular veins. All calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P-like immunoreactive fibres appeared damaged after capsaicin treatment suggesting they represent fibres from afferent sensory neurons. A sparse plexus of somatostatin-like immunoreactive fibres was observed in the vessels only from region 4. No enkephalin- like immunoreactive fibres were found in any blood vessels from any region. This study provides morphological evidence to suggest that there is considerable functional specialization within the components of the rat snake peripheral autonomic system controlling the circulation, in particular the regulation of venous capacitance. Journal Article Davis, B. M.;Ayers, J. L.;Koran, L.;Carlson, J.;Anderson, M. C.;Simpson, S. B., Jr. 1990 Time course of salamander spinal cord regeneration and recovery of swimming: HRP retrograde pathway tracing and kinematic analysis Exp Neurol 108 3 198-213 Animal; Axons/physiology; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology; Exertion/physiology; Horseradish Peroxidase/diagnostic use; Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; Regeneration/*physiology; Spinal Cord/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology; Time Factors The time course of regeneration of supraspinal and descending brachial intraspinal axons was studied using HRP retrograde tracing and kinematic analysis. Five groups of salamanders (10 salamanders/group) received complete thoracic transection 1.0 cm rostral to the hind limbs abolishing swimming. Groups 1-4 recovered for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, before being filmed to record the animal's ability to swim. After filming, a second transection was made 1.0 cm caudal to the first (at the level of the lumbar enlargement) and HRP was used to label descending axons which had grown past the first lesion. The fifth group was filmed every 2 weeks for 12 weeks before the second transection was made for HRP application. The films were used to perform frame by frame computer analysis of the amplitude and timing of cyclic lateral flexion waves which make up swimming behavior. The earliest return of coordinated swimming behavior was seen 4 weeks after transection (1 of 20 animals). At 6 weeks post-transection, 5 of 10 animals exhibited coordinated swimming. However, the behavior in these animals was subnormal. In the group surviving 8 weeks post-transection, 5 of 10 animals recovered coordinated swimming behavior. In the group that was filmed every 2 weeks, 5 of the 10 salamanders which did recover, exhibited coordinated swimming behavior by the eighth week post-transection. Kinematic analysis of salamanders that exhibited a return of coordinated swimming revealed quantitative differences compared to normal salamanders. While continuous head to tail undulatory waves were present, the propagation time and period were faster than those in normal salamanders. Retransection of the spinal cord abolished coordinated swimming. The numbers and distribution of HRP-labeled supraspinal neurons varied greatly among the animals that displayed recovery of locomotor abilities. In the salamanders examined 6 weeks post-transection the majority of labeled cells were found in medullary nuclei. In recovered salamanders examined 8 and 12 weeks post- transection, HRP-labeled neurons were found in the red nucleus, in the interstitial nucleus of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, and in the mesencephalic as well as the medullary reticular neurons. Recovery of coordinated swimming was only observed in salamanders in which descending supraspinal and intraspinal axons were present at the level of the lumbar enlargement (as demonstrated by HRP retrograde labeling). These results indicate that recovery of locomotion is dependent on the reestablishment of descending input and is not a result of changes in spinal reflexes or propagation of electrical activity through the body wall. Journal Article Davis, R.B.;Philips, L.G. 1991 A method of sexing the Dumeril's monitor. Herp review 22 1 18-19 reptilia, squamata, sauria, varanidae, Varanus dumerili, anatomy, sex differentiation * Journal Article Davis, B.J. 1991 Developmental changes in the blood oxygen transport system of Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 2660-2666 ridley; diving; physiology Journal Article Davis, Wade;Weil, Andrew T. 1992 Identity of a new world psychoactive toad Ancient Mesoamerica 3 51-59 Bufo marinus, B. alvarius, 5-MeO-DMT, Precolumbian peoples Journal Article Dayrymple, G. H.;Bernardino, F. S.;Steiner, T. M. 1991 Patterns of species diversity of snake community assemblages, with data on two evergladessnake assembledges Copeia 1991 2 517-521 populations, snakes, Florida, everglades, diversity Journal Article De Carlo, J. M.;Pellerano, G. N. 1992 Anatomo-histological considerations on the oesophagus and stomach of Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Gymnophiona, Typhlonectidae) Physis Seccion B las Aguas Continentales y sus Organismos 50 118-119 5-12 Chthonerpeton Indistinctum; Esophagus; Mucus Cell; Oxynticopeptic Cell; Cytology; Histology In a study of this apod amphibian of our fauna, the anatomical characteristics of oesophagus are considered firstly, complemented with microscopic structure. Various histological and histochemical techniques were employed in order to underline cytological features. An identical criterion was used in the study of the stomach, where three characteristic zones were found: anterior, fundic and pyloric. The former two have tubular glands with a neck of mucous cells and a glandular bottom with oxynticopeptic cells indicated by their ultrastructure. In the pyloric zone the glands are also tubular, but formed only by mucous cells similar to the lining of the stomach epithelium. Finally the microscopic structural characteristics of this apod amphibian are compared with those of some anuran amphibians. Journal Article De la Peña, M. R. 1991 Hallazgo de un nido del yacaré overo (Caiman latirostris) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 6 1 6 Caiman latirostris Journal Article De La Riva, I 1990 Lista preliminar comentada de los anfibios de Bolivia con datos sobre su distribución Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 8 1 261-319 Journal Article De La Riva, I. 1990 Lista preliminar comentada de los anfibios de Bolivia con datos sobre su distribucion Estratto- dal Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 8 1 261-319 checklist, Amphibia, distributions Journal Article De la Riva, Ignacio 1990 Lista preliminar de los anfibios de Bolivia con datos sobre su distribución Boll. Mus. reg. Sci. Nat. Torino 8 1 261-319 H. acreana, H. armata, H. bifurca, H. fasciata, H. geographica, H. leali, H. leucophyllata, H. melanargirea, H. minuta, H. molitor, H. nana, H. parviceps, H. pulchella, H. punctata, H. raniceps, H. riveroi, H. roeschmanni, H. rosalleni, H. rubicunda, H. steinbachi, Anura, Caudata Journal Article De la Riva, I. 1991 Comentarios sobre el género Gastrotheca (Anura Hylidae) en Bolivia y descripción de una nueva especie Rev. Esp. Herp. 6 15-22 Gastrotheca marsupiata , Gastrotheca laurizicae (Anura Hylidae), Bolivia, Journal Article de Lema, T.;Ferreira, M.T.S. 1990 Contribuic cao ao conhecimento dos testudines do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) - lista sistematica comentada (Reptilia) Acta Biol. Leopoldensia 12 125-164 Journal Article de Lisle, H. F. 1991 Behavioral ecology of the banded rock lizard (Petrosaurus mearnsi) Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science 90 3 102-117 Reptiles, lizards, behavior, ecology, California, home range, activity, growth, survivorship, reproduction Journal Article De Pérez, G. R.;Ruiz-Carranza, P. M.;Ramirez-Pinilla., M. P. 1992 Modificaciones tegumentarias de larvas y adultos durante el cuidado parental en Minyobates virolinensis (Amphibia: Anura Dendrobatidae) Caldasia 17 75-86 Journal Article De Pérez, G. R.;Ruiz-Carranza, P. M.;Ramirez-Pinilla., M. P. 1992 Especializaciones del tegumento de incubacion de la hembra de Cryptobatrachus boulengeri (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) Caldasia 17 87-94 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin 1990 Ctenosaura bakeri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 465 1-2 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin 1990 Ctenosaura oedirhina Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 466 1-2 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin;Donoghue, Michael J. 1990 Phylogenetic systematics or Nelson's version of cladistics Cladistics 6 61-75 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin;Donoghue, Michael J. 1990 Phylogenetic systematics and species revisited Cladistics 6 83-90 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin;Gauthier, Jacques 1990 Phylogeny as a central principle in taxonomy: phylogenetic definitions of taxon names Systematic Zoology 39 4 307-322 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin;Donoghue, Michael J. 1990 Phylogenetic systematics or Nelson's version of cladistics? Cladistics 6 61-75 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin 1992 Phylogenetic relationships and rates of allozyme evolution among the lineages of sceloporine sand lizards Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 45 333-362 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin;Gauthier, Jacques 1992 Phylogenetic taxonomy Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23 449-480 Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin 1992 Phylogenetic definitions and taxonomic philosophy Biology and Philosophy 7 295-313 Journal Article de Sá, Raphael O.;Hillis, David M. 1990 Phylogenetic relationships of the pipid frogs Xenopus and Silurana: An integration of ribosomal DNA amd morphology Molecular Biology and Evolution 7 4 365-376 Journal Article de Sá, Rafeal O.;Hillis, David M. 1990 Phylogenetic relationships of the pipid frogs Xenopus and Silurana: an integration of ribosomal DNA and morphology Molecular Biology and Evolution 7 365-376 Amphibian, anura, relationships, phylogeny, molecular techniques Journal Article de Sá, Rafael O.;Trueb, Linda 1991 Osteology, skeletal development, and chondrocranial structure of Hamptophryne boliviana (Anura: Microhylidae) Journal of Morphology 209 311-330 Amphibia, Anura, Hamptophryne boliviana, osteology, skeletal development, chondrocranial structure, morphology, Peru Journal Article De Sá, R. O.;Trueb., L. 1991 Osteology, skeletal development, and chondrocranial structure of Hamptophryne boliviana Journal of Morphology 209 311-330 Journal Article De Silva, Anslem 1990 Observations on some vanishing relict lizards of Sri Lanka Hamadryad 15 34-35 Ceratophora; Lyriocephalus; Cophotis ceylanica; Sri Lanka Book de Silva, Anslem 1990 Colour Guide to the snakes of Sri Lanka Avon, England R & A Publishing vi + 130 + 12 plates Sri Lanka Journal Article de Siqueira, J. E.;Higuchi, M. de L.;Nabut, N.;Lose, A.;Souza, J. K.;Nakashima, M. 1990 [Myocardial lesions after snake bites by the Crotalus durissus terrificus species (rattlesnake). A case report] Arq Bras Cardiol 54 5 323-5 Extensive and severe myocardial lesions are reported in a patient who died due to snakebite (Crotalus Durissus Terrificus). These lesions are documented by clinical, electrocardiographic, enzymatic and histological evidences. The main pathological features are represented by sarcoplasmatic vacuoles, densely clumped myofibrils and amorphous acidophilic mass into the cardiac fibers. These lesions are identical to those which have already been described in skeletal muscle after snakebite. This seems to be the first case report that shows undoubt myocardial lesions due to snakebite with anatomopathological documentation. Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 The General Care and Maintenance of Leopard Geckos and African Fat-Tailed Geckos Lakeside, CA Advanced Vivarium Systems 36 eublepharus macularius hemitheconyx caudicinctus Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 The General Care and Maintenance of Red-Tailed Boas Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 48 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 The General Care and Maintenance of True Chameleons. Part I Husbandry Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 36 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 The General Care and Maintenance of Leopard Geckos Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 36 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 The General Care and Maintenance of Horned Frogs Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 32 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 The General Care and Maintenance of White's Tree Frogs and White-lipped Tree Frogs Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 30 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 True Chameleons part II, Notes on Popular species Diseases and Disorders Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 29 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1990 The Right way to feed Insect-eating Lizards Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Systems 32 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1991 The General Care and Maintenance of Burmese Pythons Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 44 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1991 Arachnomania: The General Care and Maintenance of tarantulas & Scorpions Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 80 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1991 Herpetoculture: An investigation into its psychological origin Vivarium 3 4 5-6;8 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 The Green Iguana Manual Lakeside, CA Advanced Vivarium Systems 71 iguana Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 The General Care and Maintenance of Box Turtles Including sections on Chinese and Malayan Box Turtles Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 36 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 The General Care and Maintenance of Green Anoles Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 47 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 The General Care and Maintenance of Red-Eared Sliders and Other Freshwater Turtles Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 47 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 The General Care and Maintenance of Green Water Dragons, Sailfin Lizards and Basilisks Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 31 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 President's message Vivarium 3 6 4;15;24;28 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 Journey through the enchanted planet Vivarium 4 2 4-5;36-38 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1992 The General Care and Maintenance of Box Turtles Including sections on Chinese and Malaysian Box Turtles Lakeside, CA Advanced Vivarium Systems 36 Terrapene; Cuora; Box turtles Journal Article Dearing, M. D.;Schall, J. J. 1992 Testing models of optimal diet assembly by the generalist herbivorous lizard Cnemidophorus murinus Ecology 73 3 845-858 reptiles, lizards, behavior, food, plant toxins, Journal Article Debski, E. A.;Constantine-Paton., M. 1990 Evoked pre- and post-synaptic activity in the optic tectum of the cannulated tadpole Journal of Comparative Physiology 167A 377-390 Journal Article Decker, Eugene 1991 Some public relations/communications aspects of desert conservation [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 167 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Deegan, Bob 1990 Notes on the natural history of the marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum) Vivarium 2 5 6-7;24 Ambystoma opacum Journal Article Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M.W.J. 1990 Methods for the determination of the physical characteristics of eggs of Alligator mississippiensis: A comparison with other crocodilian and avian eggs Herpetol. J. 1 10 458-462 AM, egg, techniques, Journal Article Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M.W.J. 1990 Morphometric analysis of embryonic development in Alligator mississippiensis, Crocodylus johnstoni, and Crocodylus porosus J. Zool. (Lond.) 221 3 419-439 AM, CJ, CPR, embryology, morphology, Journal Article Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M.W.J. 1991 Reduction in eggshell conductance to respiratory gases has no effect on sex determination in Alligator mississippiensis Copeia 1 240 - 243 Reptilia, sauria, Crocodylia, Alligator mississippiensis, egg, physiology, shellthickness Reprint Endnote 94/143 Journal Article Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M.W.J. 1991 Partitioning of water within the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) egg after 60 days of incubation Herpetol. J. 1 554-558 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, propagation, egg, water Reprint Vet. Path spec. anim. 92/7 Book Section Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M.W.J. 1991 Physiological effects of incubation temperature on embryonic development in reptiles and birds Deeming, D.C. and Ferguson, M.W.J. Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles. Cambridge, Great Britain Cambridge University Press 147-171 embryology, reproduction, temperature, metabolism Book Section Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M.W.J. 1991 Incubation and embryonic development in reptiles and birds Tullet, S.G. Avian Incubation London Butterworth-Heinemann 3-38 embryology, temperature, physiology, growth, Book Section Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M.W.J. 1991 Physical characteristics of reptilian eggs and a comparison with avian eggs Deeming, D.C. and Ferguson, M.W.J. Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles. Cambridge, Great Britain Cambridge University Press 87-100 embryology, reproduction, temperature Journal Article Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M. 1991 Partitioning of water within the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) egg after 60 days incubation Herpetol. J. 1 12 554-558 AM, embryology, physiology, Journal Article Deeming, D.C.;Ferguson, M. 1991 Egg turning during incubation has no effect upon the growth of embryos of Alligator mississippiensis Acta Zool. (Stckh.) 72 3 125-128 AM, egg, reproduction, embryology, Book DeGraaff, Robert M. 1991 The Book of the Toad: A Natural and Magical History of Toad-Human Relations Rochester, VT Park Street Press xvi, 208 Journal Article Dejean, Alain;Amiet, Jean-Louis 1992 Un cas de myrmécophilie inattendu: la cohabitation de l'Anoure Kassina senegalensis avec la fourmi Megaponera foetens. [A case of unexpected myrmecophily: The cohabitation of the anuran Kassina senegalensis with the ant Megaponera foetens] Alytes 10 1 31-36 symbiosis Journal Article Dejours, P.;Armand, J.;Beekenkamp, H. 1992 Studies in the anuran Xenopus laevis of blood properties and N excretion as functions of changes of ambient water osmolarity C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris III 315 145-150 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, blood, osmolarity, environment, excretion An increase in osmotic pressure of the ambient water resulted in an augmented excretion of urea and slightly decreased ammonia excretion. Reprint endnote 93/106 Journal Article Dejours, P.;Armand, J.;Beekenkamp, H. 1992 Excretion of urea and ammonia in the anuran amphibian Xenopus laevis as a function of the acid-base status of the ambient water - Effects of a metabolic alkalosis C R Acad Sci [iii] 314 12 553-558 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus, frog, physiology, kidney, blood, urea, environment If exposed to increased osmotic pressure (OP) of the ambient water (addition of NaCl or mannitol), it appeared that pH and the ammonia concentration of the blood were independent of variations in ambiant osmolarity. The blood osmolarity and its urea concentration increased markedly when ambient OP was augmented. Journal Article Del Pino, Eugenia M. ;Loor-Vela, Sandra 1990 The early cleavage of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae Development 110 781-789 Anura, Hylidae, Gastrotheca riobambae, cleavage, frog development, midblastula transition, marsupial frogs, Xenopus, S. America, Ecuador Journal Article Del Pino, E. M.;Loor-Vela., S. 1990 The pattern of early cleavage of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae Development 110 781-787 Journal Article Del Pino, E. M.;Murphy, C.;Masson., P. H. 1992 5S rRNA-encoding genes of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae Gene 111 235-242 Journal Article Delany, M.F. 1990 Late summer diet of juvenile American alligators J. Herpetol. 24 4 418-421 AM, food, Journal Article Delany, Michael F. 1990 Late summer diet of juvenile american alligators Journal of Herpetology 24 4 418-21 diet, feeding, alligator Journal Article Delgado, M. J.;Gutiérrez, P.;Alonso-Bedate, M. 1990 Annual ovarian cycle and plasma levels of 17B-Estradiol in the frog Rana perezi. Physiological Zoology 63 2 373-387 Amphibia, anura, ranidae, Rana perezi, hormone Journal Article Delgado, M. J.;Alonso-Gómez, A. L.;Alonso-Bedate, M. 1992 Role of environmental temperature and photoperiod in regulation of seasonal testicular activity in the frog, Rana perezi. Physiological Zoology 63 2 373-387 Amphibia, anura, ranidae, Rana perezi, hormone Journal Article Dell'Orbo, C.;Gioglio, L.;Quacci, Daniela. 1992 Morphology of epiphyseal apparatus of a ranid frog (Rana esculenta ). Histol. Histopath. 7 267-273 Amphibia, anura, Rana, R. esculenta, anatomy, histology, bone, growth, epiphysis, metaphysis The ranid frog metaphyseal cartilage (MC) appears completely different from mammalian and from avian ones. The epiphyseal ossification nucleus is connected to diaphyseal bone through MC, which is responsible for bone lengthening. Important findings were: 1) MC is localized inside proximal diaphyseal compact bone as a plug. 2) MC do not reduce in thickness during ageing. 3) MC do not show vascular invasion and do not mineralize in degenerative zone. 4) trabecular bone was not at all evident in this species. 5) external periosteum is well vascularized and proliferates in correspondence to marginal epiphyseal end of the diaphysis. Reprint Endnote 92/107 Journal Article Dellinger, Th;Hegel, G. von 1990 Sex identification through cloacal probing in juvenile marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) J. Herpetol. 24 4 424-426 Reptilia, sauria, Iguanidae, anatomy, sexing, probing Posterior cloacal pouch depth is a reliable characteristic for sexing. Reprint Vet. Path. Spec. Anim. 90/421 Journal Article Delvinquier, B.L.J., Markus, M.B.,Passmore, N.I., 1991 Opalinidae in African Anura .1. Genus Opalina Systematic Parasitology 19 2 119-146 Amphibia, Anura, infection, Ciliata, opalina BLJ Delvinquier,Univ Witwatersrand,Dept Zool,Johannesburg 2050, South Africa Journal Article Delvinquier, B.L.J.Markus, M.B.Passmore, N.I. 1991 Opalinidae in African Anura .1. Genus Opalina Systematic Parasitology 19 2 119-146 Amphibia, Anura, infection, Ciliata, opalina BLJ Delvinquier,Univ Witwatersrand,Dept Zool,Johannesburg 2050, South Africa Journal Article Demarco, V.;Guillette, L. J. 1992 Physiological cost of pregnancy in a viviparous lizard (Sceloporus jarrovi) J Exp Zool 262 4 383-390 Reptilia, sauria, sceloporus, physiology, reproduction Journal Article Demas, S.;Duronslet, M.;Wachtel, S.;Caillouet, C.;Nakamura, D. 1990 Sex-specific DNA in reptiles with temperature sex determination Journal of Experimental Biology 253 319-324 sex ratio Journal Article Demas, S.;Wachtel, S. 1991 DNA fingerprinting in reptiles: Bkm hybridization patterns in Crocodilia and Chelonia Genome 34 3 472-6 The simple tetranucleotide repeat GATA (GACA) occurs in all eukaryotes so far studied. In many species, the arrangement of these sequences varies considerably among individuals. Thus GATA (GACA) type probes produce DNA fingerprints when hybridized with restricted DNA from different individuals within a species. Banded krait minor (Bkm) satellite DNA (related to sequences originally recovered from the W chromosome of the banded krait and consisting essentially of a series of GATA repeats) is found in a wide spectrum of vertebrates and invertebrates. We used the Bkm 2(8) clone to evaluate the occurrence of this satellite in DNA from five species of Crocodilia and six species of Chelonia, including the sea turtles Chelonia mydas and Lepidochelys kempi. Well-resolved DNA fingerprints were obtained. Among the crocodilians, fewer restriction fragments were generated and fewer of the fragments were polymorphic, than among the chelonians, consistent with the view that the crocodilians are less divergent within species. The Bkm 2(8) clone can accordingly be used to advantage in individual, familial, and population studies, and perhaps in the evaluation of taxonomic relationships in these animals. This is of potential value in endangered species such as C. mydas and L. kempi. Journal Article Demas, S.K.;Wachtel, S. 1991 DNA fingerprinting in reptiles: BKM hybridization patterns in Crocodilia and Chelonia Genome 34 3 472-476 genetics, techniques, The simple tetranucleotide repeat GATA (GACA) occurs in all eukaryotes so far studied. In many species, the arrangement of these sequences varies considerably among individuals. Thus GATA (GACA) type probes produce DNA fingerprints when hybridized with restricted DNA from different individuals within a species. Banded krait minor (Bkm) satellite DNA (related to sequences originally recovered from the W chromosome of the banded krait and consisting essentially of a series of GATA repeats) is found in a wide spectrum of vertebrates and invertebrates. We used the Bkm 2(8) clone to evaluate the occurrence of this satellite in DNA from five species of Crocodilia and six species of Chelonia, including the sea turtles Chelonia mydas and Lepidochelys kempi. Well-resolved DNA fingerprints were obtained. Among the crocodilians, fewer restriction fragments were generated and fewer of the fragments were polymorphic, than among the chelonians, consistent with the view that the crocodilians are less divergent within species. The Bkm 2(8) clone can accordingly be used to advantage in individual, familial, and population studies, and perhaps in the evaluation of taxonomic relationships in these animals. This is of potential value in endangered species such as C. mydas and L. kempi. Journal Article DeNardo, Dale 1990 Stress: a real but not well understood phenomenon Vivarium 2 5 25-27;29 Journal Article Densmore, L.D., III.;White, P.S. 1991 The systematics and evolution of the Crocodilia as suggested by restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA Copeia 1991 3 602-615 CROC, taxonomy, biochemistry, evolution, Journal Article Densmore, Llewellyn D., III;Rose, Francis L.;Kain, Stephanie J. 1992 Mitochondrial DNA evolution and speciation in water snakes (genus Neroidia) with special reference to Neroidia harteri Herpetologica 48 1 60-68 mtDNA evolution phylogeny Journal Article Densmore, Llewellyn D.;III;Rose, F. R.;Kain, S. J. 1992 Mitochondrial DNA evolution and speciation in water snakes (genus Nerodia) with special reference to Nerodia harteri Herpetologica 48 1 60-68 water snake, Nerodia harteri, systematics, species, mDNA Journal Article Densmore, L. D.;lll;Rose, F. L.;Kain, S. J. 1992 Mitochondrial DNA evolution speciation in water snakes (genus Nerodia) with special references to Nerodia herteri Herpetologica 48 1 60-68 Nerodia harteri, speciation, Mitochondrial DNA, evolution Journal Article Denton, J. and T. C. Beebee. 1991 Palatability of anuran eggs and embryos Amphibia-Reptilia 12 111-114 Journal Article Denver, RJ., Licht,P, 1991 Dependence of body growth on thryroid activity in turtles. J. exp. Zoology 258 48-59 Reptilia , Chelonia , Physiology , Journal Article Denver, RJ.;Licht, P 1991 Dependence of body growth on thryroid activity in turtles. J. exp. Zoology 258 48-59 Reptilia , Chelonia , Physiology , Book Deoras, P. J. 1990 Snakes of India New Delhi National Book Trust 160 Snakes; India Journal Article Desvages, G.;Pieau, C. 1992 Time required for temperature-induced changes in gonadal aromatase activity and related gonadal structure in turtle embryos Differentiation Journal Article Desvages, G.;Pieau, C. 1992 Aromatase activity in gonads of turtle embryos as a function of the incubation temperature of eggs Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 41 851-853 Turtle, HS Journal Article Devaux, B. 1992 Traumatology of the carapace, restoration techniques Traumatologie de la carapace (technique de réparation) Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Chelonian pathol. Gonfaron, 25-27 April 251-255 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, carapax, trauma, therapy, The wiund was cleaned and the animal left alone (protected against flies) for 18-24 hoiurs. Than the general condition was judged, the animal was rehydrated (bathing, injections). the edges of the wound were cleaned with ecetone, an autopolymerising polyester resin and glass-fiber cloth were apllied te produce a well fixed, firm protection under which the healing could proceed. Collectie P. Zwart Journal Article di-Bernado, Marcos;Lema, Thales de 1991 O género Rhadiaea Cope, 1863 no Brasil meriodional. IV. Rhadinaea bilineata (Fischer, 1885) (Serpentes, Colubridae) Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 12 2 359-392 Journal Article Di-Bernardo, Marcos 1992 Revalidation of the genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894, and its conceptual amplifcation (Serpentes, Colubridae Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS. Série Zoologia 5 13 225-256 Echinanthera; Rhadinaea Journal Article Di-Bernardo, Marcos 1992 Revalidation of the genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894, and its conceptual amplification (Serpentes, Colubridae) Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS 5 13 225-256 Rhadinaea; Journal Article di-Bernardo, M. 1992 Revalidation of the genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894, and its conceptual amplification (Serpentes, Colubridae) Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da PUCRS 5 13 225-256 Reptiles, snakes, description, range, distribution, locality Book Section Dial, Benjamin E. 1990 Predator-prey Signals: Chemosensory Identification of Snake Predators by Eublepharid Lizards and its Ecological Consequences MacDonald, D.;Müller-Schwarze, D. and Natynczuk, S. E. Chemical Signals in Vertebrates Oxford Oxford University Press Book Section Dial, B. E. 1990 Predator-prey signals: chemosensory identification of snake predators by eublepharid lizards and its ecological consequences MacDonald, D. W.;Muller-Schwarze, D. and Natynczuk, S. E. Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 5 New York Oxford University 555-565 reptiles, lizards, snakes, predation, smell, chemicals, behavior, tail loss, autotomy Journal Article Dial, Benjamin E.;Grismer, L. Lee 1992 A phylogenetic analysis of physiological-ecological character evolution in the lizard genus Coleonyx and its implications for historical biogeographic reconstruction Systematic Biology 41 2 178-195 Book Section Diaz, J.L. 1990 The RP-Japan Crocodile Farming Institute Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 206-207 Journal Article Diaz, M.;Lorenzo, A. 1991 Coexistence of absorptive and secretory NaCl processes in the isolated lizard colon - effects of cyclic AMP Zoological Science 8 3 477-484 Reptilia, sauria, Gallotia galloti, physiology, intestine, absorption, secretion Reprint Endnote 93/689 M Diaz, Univ La Laguna, Fac Biol, Dept Biol Anim, Fisiol Anim Lab, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain Journal Article Diaz, Jose A. 1992 Choice of compass directions around shrub patches by the heliothermiclizardPsaammmodromus algirus Herpetologica 48 293-300 thermoregulation, compass, direction, lizard, sun Journal Article Dickinson, Vanessa M.;Wegge, James R.;Ferrell, Steve K.;Schwalbe, Cecil R. 1991 Health studies of desert tortoises in Arizona and Utah Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 305-318 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dickinson, Vanessa M.;Reggiardo, Carlos 1992 Health studies of the Sonoran Desert tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 11-36 Journal Article Dickson, J. 1992 Maintenance and breeding of the Pancake tortoise at Bristol Zoo Int. Zoo News 1992 29-34 Reptilia, testudines, pankake totoise, management, breeding, problems testu,zucht,vit PF k Journal Article DiMario, P. J.;Gall, J. G. 1990 Nucleolin from the multiple nucleoli of amphibian oocyte nuclei Chromosoma 99 2 87-94 Amphibia/*metabolism; Animal; Cell Nucleolus/*analysis; Chromatography, Affinity; DNA/metabolism; DNA-Binding Proteins/*analysis/metabolism; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histones/immunology; Immunohistochemistry; Notophthalmus viridescens/metabolism; Nuclear Proteins/*analysis/immunology/metabolism; Oocytes/*analysis; Phosphoproteins/*analysis/immunology/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Xenopus laevis/metabolism When fixed preparations of newt germinal vesicle (GV) contents are treated with RNase and are then probed with radiolabeled single- stranded DNA in 0.1-2.0 X SSC, the extrachromosomal nucleoli bind the probe non-specifically. DNA/protein blot analysis of proteins from newt GVs shows that gv95, an acidic protein (pI = 5.0) of Mr = 95,000, is the most prominent non-specific DNA-binding protein. Immunocytochemical analysis with affinity purified antibody directed against gv95 shows that it is located in the multiple nucleoli. We used an antibody directed against rat nucleolin to show that newt gv95 and two similar Xenopus GV proteins are the amphibian versions of nucleolin, a nucleolar ribonucleoprotein originally identified in mammalian cells. We show that mAb 3A10, directed against newt histones H1 and H5, labels gv95 on protein immunoblots and the multiple nucleoli in cytological preparations. These results suggest that histone H1 and nucleolin share a cross-reacting epitope. Journal Article Dimattio, J.;Streitman, J. 1991 Active transport of ascorbic acid across the retinal pigment epithelium of the bullfrog Current Eye Research 10 959-965 Amphibia, anura, bullfrog, physiology, ascorbic acid, transport, retinal pigment epithelium J Dimattio, NYU, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 550 1ST Ave, New York, NY 10016 Journal Article Dinsmore, Charles E.;Hanken, James 1990 Amputation level-dependent patterning in Urodele limb regeneration Journal of Morphology 205 77-84 Journal Article Dionne, V. E. 1992 Chemosensory responses in isolated olfactory receptor neurons from Necturus maculosus J Gen Physiol 99 3 415-33 Action Potentials/drug effects/physiology; Alanine/pharmacology; Amino Acids/pharmacology; Animal; Chemoreceptors/drug effects/*physiology; Necturus maculosus/*physiology; Neural Conduction/drug effects/physiology; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology; Odors; Olfactory Pathways/drug effects/*physiology; Receptors, Sensory/drug effects/physiology; Smell/physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Olfactory receptor neurons were isolated without enzymes from the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus, and tested for chemosensitivity. The cells responded to odorants with changes in firing frequency and alterations in excitability that were detected with tight-seal patch electrodes using on-cell and whole-cell recording conditions. Chemosensitive cells exhibited two primary response characteristics: excitation and inhibition. Both types of primary response were observed in different cells stimulated by mixtures of amino acids as well as by the single compound L-alanine, suggesting that there may be more than one transduction pathway for some odorants. Using the normal whole-cell recording method, the chemosensitivity of competent cells washed out rapidly; a resistive whole-cell method was used to record odorant responses under current-clamp conditions. In response to chemical stimulation, excitability appeared to be modulated in several different ways in different cells: odorants induced hyperpolarizing or depolarizing receptor potentials, elicited or inhibited transient, rhythmic generator potentials, and altered excitability without changing the membrane potential or input resistance. These effects suggest that olfactory transduction is mediated through at least three different pathways with effects on four or more components of the membrane conductance. Polychotomous pathways such as these may be important for odor discrimination and for sharpening the "odor image" generated in the olfactory epithelium. Journal Article Dirie, M. F.;Wallbanks, K. R.;Molyneux, D. H.;McNamara, J. 1991 Comparison of Trypanosoma grayi-like isolates from west and east Africa Ann Trop Med Parasitol 85 1 49-52 Africa, Western; Animal; Comparative Study; Electrophoresis; Isoenzymes/analysis; Kenya; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Trypanosoma/*classification/enzymology/growth & development/isolation & purification; Tsetse Flies/*parasitology Three flagellates recently isolated from the hindguts of tsetse flies in West Africa were compared with a previously described T. grayi-like trypanosome isolated in East Africa. In media with Microtus agrestis feeder layer cells, the flagellates developed into bloodstream-like trypomastigotes, which resembled the description of T. grayi from the blood of crocodiles. The results of isoenzyme electrophoresis suggest that the isolates are T. grayi-like trypanosomes, and that some variation exists between the West and East African stocks of these reptile trypanosomes. Journal Article Ditrich, H.;Lametschwandtner., A. 1992 Glomerular development and growth of the renal blood vacular system in Xenopus laevis (Amphibia, Anura, Pipidae) during metamorphic climax Journal of Morphology 213 335-340 Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1992 Creating the correct captive environment: thermoregulation in reptiles Reptilian 1 3 25-26 Thermoregulation Journal Article Divers, Stephen 1992 Pathogenic amoebiasis (Entamoeba invadens) infection in captive snakes Reptilian 1 5 9-12 Amoebiasis Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1990 Book Review: The Amphibians and Reptiles of Louisiana Copeia 1990 1 258-259 Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1991 Geographic variation and taxonomy of Liophis almadensis (Wagler) (Serpentes: Colubridae), and description of a new species of Liophis from Argentina and Bolivia The Texas Journal of Science 43 3 225-236 reptiles, snakes, description, distribution, morphology, Liophis ceii Journal Article Dixon, J. R. 1991 Geographic variation and taxonomy of Liophis almadensis (Wagler)(Serpentes: Colubridae), and description of a new species of Liophis from Argentina and Bolivia The Texas Journal of Science 43 3 225-236 reptiles, snakes, species description, morphology, distribution, color, pattern, hemipenes, variation, geography, taxonomy Journal Article Dixon, J. R.;Markezich, A. L. 1992 Taxonomy and geographic variation of Liophis poecilogyrus (Wied) from South America (Serpentes: Colubridae) The Texas Journal of Science 44 2 131-166 reptiles, snakes, distribution, morphology, Journal Article Dixon, J. R.;Michaud, E. J. 1992 Shaw's black-backed snake (Liophis melanotus)(Serpentes: Colubridae) of Northern South America Journal of Herpetology 26 1 250-259 reptiles, snakes, Columbia, Venezuela, distribution, morphology, variation, geography, subspecies Journal Article Díaz, J. A.;Carrascal, L. M. 1991 Regional distribution of a Mediterranean lizard: influence of habitat cues and prey abundance Journal of Biogeography 18 291-297 distribution, habitat, Reptilia, Book Section Díaz-M., Miguel;Gutiérrez-B., Jesús;Jasso-L., Diana;López-S., Carlos;Sarti-M., Laura;Vallejo-A., Claudia 1992 Epibiontes y estado fisico de las tortugas Lepidochelys olivacea y Dermochelys coriacea en el Playón de Mexiquillo, Michoacan, durante la temporada de anidación 1988-1989 Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 19-25 Sea turtles; Mexico; Lepidochelys olivacea; Dermochelys coriacea Journal Article Dobeli, M. ;a, et 1992 Preliminary results on faecal steroid measurements in tortoises First International Symposium on Faecal Steroid Monitoring in Zoo animals 73-83 Reptilia, testudines, Cryptodira, Geochelone, pregnanediol, testosterone, estrone, estradiol Proceedings* Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1990 Caretta Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 482 1-2 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1990 Caretta caretta Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 483 1-7 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. 1990 Line transect estimation of Red Hills salamander burrow density using a Fourier series Copeia 1990 555-557 Amphibia, Phaeognathus hubrichti, ecology, population estimation, field technique, Journal Article Dodd, Kenneth C., Jr. 1990 Postures associated with immobile woodland salamanders, genus Plethodon Florida Scientist 53 43-49 immobility, plethodontidae Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1990 Effects of habitat fragmentation on a stream-dwelling species, the flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus Biological conservation 54 33-45 Book Section Dodd, C.K.;Jr. 1990 Caretta caretta (Linnaeus) Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept. 483.1-483.7 Book Section Dodd, C.K.;Jr. 1990 Caretta Rafinesque Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept. 482.1-482.2 Journal Article Dodd, C. K., Jr.,;Byles, R. 1990 Movements of late nesting loggerhead sea turtles determined through satellite biotelemetry Fla. Sci. 53 (Suppl. 1) 36 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.;Seigel, Ricahrd A. 1991 Relocation, Repatriation, and translocation of amphibians and reptiles: are they conservation strategies that work? Herpetologica 47 3 336-350 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1991 The status of the Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti, Alabama, USA, 1976-1988 Biological Conservation 55 57-75 Journal Article Dodd, C.K., Jr., R. Byles 1991 The status of loggerhead, Caretta caretta; Kemp's ridley, Lepidochelys kempi and green, Chelonia mydas, sea turtles in U.S. waters: A reconsideration Mar. Fish. Rev. 53 3 30-31 Journal Article Dodd, C.K.Jr.;Seigel, R.A. 1991 Relocation, repatriation, and translocation of amphibians and reptiles: are they conservation strategies that work? Herpetologica 47 3 336-350 relocation; headstarting; turtle; conservation Book Section Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. 1992 Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus), Family Cheloniidae, Order Testudines Moler, Paul E. Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida gainesville University of Florida Press 3 128-134 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr;Morgan, Gary S. 1992 Fossil sea turtles from the early Pliocene Bone Valley Formation, Central Florida Journal of Herpetology 26 1 1-8 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1992 Fluorescent powder is only partially successful in tracking movements of the six-lined racerunner (Cnemidophorus sexlineatus) Florida Field Naturalist 20 1 8-14 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1992 Biological diversity of a temporary pond herpetofauna in north Florida sandhills Biodiversity and Conservation 1 125-142 Journal Article Donald, J. A.;O'Shea, J. E.;Lillywhite, H. B. 1990 Neural regulation of the pulmonary vasculature in a semi-arboreal snake, Elaphe obsoleta J Comp Physiol [B] 159 6 677-85 Animal; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/analysis; Electric Stimulation; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glyoxylates; Histocytochemistry; Lung/*blood supply/innervation; Perfusion; Snakes/*physiology; Somatostatin/analysis; Substance P/analysis; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology; Vagus Nerve/physiology; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysis The innervation of the pulmonary vasculature of the semi-arboreal rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta, was examined with glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine histochemistry, peptide immunohistochemistry, and in vitro perfusion of the pulmonary vasculature. An adrenergic innervation was present on the pulmonary artery, the smaller pulmonary arteries, the veins draining the lung, and the main pulmonary vein. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive axons were observed on the pulmonary artery and vein, small arteries, and occasionally small veins within the lung parenchyma. A dense plexus of substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-LI) axons was observed on the distal extrinsic pulmonary artery. SP-LI axons were found on the more distal arteries within the lung parenchyma, but not on the veins. The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide- and SP-LI axons was similar suggesting that the axons are sensory nerves. In the perfused pulmonary vasculature, vagal stimulation caused a predominant vasoconstriction which was abolished by atropine indicating it was cholinergic in nature. A post-stimulus vasodilatation was abolished by bretylium and propranolol indicating it was adrenergic in nature. The responses to nerve stimulation were located in both the extrinsic and intrinsic pulmonary vasculature. No evidence for non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic transmission to the vascular smooth muscle was found. The extensive, functional innervation of the main pulmonary artery, as well as the more distal vasculature within the lung, may reflect adaptation to cardiovascular problems imposed by an elongated body and arboreal habits. Journal Article Donald, J. A.;O'Shea, J. E.;Lillywhite, H. B. 1990 Somatostatin and innervation of the heart of the snake Elaphe obsoleta Am J Physiol 258 4 Pt 2 R1001-7 Animal; Catecholamines/metabolism; Electric Stimulation; Glyoxylates/pharmacology; Heart/drug effects; Heart Conduction System/*metabolism; Histocytochemistry; Immunohistochemistry; Neuropeptides/metabolism; Snakes/*metabolism; Somatostatin/*metabolism/pharmacology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Vagus Nerve/physiology The innervation of the heart of the snake Elaphe obsoleta was examined with peptide immunohistochemistry, glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine fluorescence, and in vitro physiological preparations. Snakes were anesthetized with Nembutal. Many somatostatin (SOM)-like immunoreactive (LI) axons were observed in the sinus venosus, atria, and ventricle. Cell bodies with SOM-LI were found in the intracardiac nerve trunks of the sinus venosus, the interatrial septum, and the atrioventricular region. The SOM-LI axons and cell bodies were not affected by 6-hydroxy- dopamine and capsaicin. They are probably intrinsic parasympathetic neurons. Adrenergic, neuropeptide Y-LI, substance P-LI, and calcitonin gene-related peptide-LI axons were found in the sinus venosus, atria, and ventricle. In spontaneously beating sinoatrial or electrically driven atrial preparations, applied SOM (6 x 10(-9) M and 6 x 10(-8) M) decreased the force of atrial contraction and/or the rate of beating. The effects of SOM were tachyphylactic. SOM had no effect on the force of contraction of the driven ventricle. Stimulation of the left and right vagus nerves elicited negative chronotropic and inotropic responses followed by poststimulus positive inotropic and chronotropic responses. Atropine abolished the inhibition, and bretylium abolished the excitation. After cholinergic and adrenergic blockade, high- frequency vagal nerve stimulation had no effect on heart rate and the force of contraction. Thus, although there is an extensive distribution of intrinsic SOM-LI neurons in the heart and although applied SOM is a potent inhibitor of rate and force, SOM in the vagal neurons does not appear to act as a direct inhibitory transmitter to the cardiac muscle or pacemaker cells. Journal Article Donaldson, D. J.;Mahan, J. T.;Yang, H.;Crossin, K. L. 1991 Tenascin localization in skin wounds of the adult newt Notophthalmus viridescens Anat Rec 230 4 451-9 Animal; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/*analysis/immunology/physiology; Cell Movement/drug effects/physiology; Cells, Cultured; Epithelium/chemistry/immunology/injuries; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/*analysis/immunology/physiology; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Notophthalmus viridescens/*metabolism/physiology; Skin/*chemistry/cytology/injuries; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Wounds and Injuries/immunology/*metabolism Earlier studies have shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein tenascin (TN) is present between uninjured epidermal cells of urodele appendages, but is absent from most of the mesenchymally derived ECM. Following appendage amputation, this distribution is reversed. TN is lost from the epidermis and appears in the ECM of the stump and the regeneration blastema. In the present study, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to TN were used to localize this protein immunohistochemically in limbs of the adult urodele Notophthalmus viridescens at various stages following skin removal with or without damage to underlying muscle to determine 1) if the loss of TN by the epidermis and its gain by mesenchymal tissues occurs in wounds that do not require regulation by epigenetic mechanisms, and 2) if TN is present in the provisional wound matrix beneath migrating epidermal cells. In addition, skin explants were cultured on TN-coated dishes to learn if TN possesses active sites that can support epidermal cell migration. The results indicate that simple wounding leads to the same TN patterns as occurs following limb amputation. Tenascin loss from the epidermis could be seen as early as 6 hr after wounding, a time during which migrating epidermal cells are moving over the wound bed. During this period, there was no evidence of TN in the provisional wound matrix. In contrast to collagen, which supports considerable epidermal cell migration from skin explants, TN allowed no more migration than did the inactive protein, myoglobin. Journal Article Donnelly, Maureen A.;de Sá, Rafael O.;Guyer, Craig 1990 Description of the tadpoles of Gastrophryne pictiventris and Nelsonophryne aterrima (Anura: Microhylidae), with a review of morphological variation in free-swimming Microhylid larvae American Museum Novitates 2976 1-19 Amphibia, Anura, Gastrophryne pictiventris, Nelsonophryne aterrima, Stereocyclops, Otophryne, Dermatonotus, Hypopachus, Dasypops, Elachistocleis, Chiasmocleis, Hamptophryne, tadpole, morphology, systematics, phylogenetics Journal Article Donnelly, Maureen A.;Guyer, Craig;Sa, Rafael O. de 1990 The tadpole of a dart-poison frog Phyllobates lugubris (Anura: Dendrobatidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 2 427-431 Amphibia, Anura, Phyllobates lugubris, Phyllobates aurotaenia, Phyllobates terribilis, Phyllobates vittatus, tadpole, Costa Rica, Panama Journal Article Donnelly, M.;Guyer, C.;Sá., R. O. De 1990 The tadpole of a dart-poison frog Phyllobates lugubris (Anura: Dendrobatidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 427-431 Journal Article Donnelly, M. A.;Sá, R. O. De;Guyer., C. 1990 Description of the tadpoles of Gastrophryne pictiventris and Nelsonophryne aterrima (Anura, Microhylidae), with a review of morphological variation in free-swimming microhylid larvae American Museum Novitates 2976 1-19 Journal Article Donnelly, Maureen A.;Myers, Charles W. 1991 Herpetological results of the 1990 Venezuelan Expedition to the summit of Cerro Guaiquinima, with newTepui reptiles American Museum Novitates 3017 1-54 Venezuela Journal Article Donnelly, M. A. 1991 Feeding patterns of the strawberry poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio Copeia 3 723-730 Costa Rica, prey, insects, ants, diet Book Section Donnelly, Marydele 1991 International sea turtle trade and the Pelly Amendment Michael, Salmon and Jeannette, Wyneken Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation and Biology NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-SEFC-**** 32-34 conservation/utilization Journal Article Donnelly, M. A.;McDiarmid, R. W.;Myers, C. W. 1992 A new lizard of the genus Arthrosaura (Teiidae) from southern Venezuela Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105 4 821-833 reptiles, lizards, synaptolepis, morphology, species, description, hemipenes, characters Journal Article Dorcas, M. E.;Mendelson, J. R. 1991 Distributional notes on Nerodia harteri harteri in Parker and Palo Pinto counties, Texas Herpetological Review 22 4 117-118 distribution, brazos water snake, record Book Section Dorcas, Michael E. 1992 Relationships among montane populations of Crotalus lepidus and Crotalus triseriatus Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 71-87 evolution systematics Journal Article Dores, R. M.;Schenk, L. M.;Meza, J. C. 1990 Developmental changes in the processing of ACTH in the anterior pituitary of the amphibian, Ambystoma tigrinum J Exp Zool Suppl 4 154-6 Ambystoma/growth & development/*metabolism; Animal; Corticotropin/*metabolism; Larva/metabolism; *Models, Biological; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/growth & development/*metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Acid extracts of anterior pituitaries obtained from larval, neotene, postmetamorphic young adult, and sexually active adult Ambystoma tigrinum were fractionated by gel filtration and analyzed by RIA. In larval, neotene, and postmetamorphic adults the molar ratio of ACTH(1- 39) to alpha-MSH was, respectively, 1.3:1, 1:1.3, and 1:1.3. However, in sexually mature adults the molar ratio of ACTH(1-39) to alpha-MSH was 8:1. These results indicate that prior to and immediately after metamorphosis, both ACTH(1-39) and alpha-MSH are major end products of corticotropic cells in this species. As postmetamorphic animals reach sexual maturity, there is a shift in the processing of ACTH which yields ACTH(1-39) as the major end product of corticotropic cells. In the corticotropic cells of adults only trace amounts of alpha-MSH are produced. Journal Article Doré, Robert 1990 la Vipère péliade dans le département de la Somme Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 56 74-75 Journal Article Doroff, A. M.;Keith, L. B. 1990 Demography and ecology of an ornate box turtle (Terrapene ornata) population in south-central Wiscosnin Copeia 1990 2 387-399 turtle, box, population, natural history Journal Article Dournon, C.;Houillon, C.;Pieau, C. 1990 Temperature sex-reversal in amphibians and reptiles Int J Dev Biol 34 1 81-92 Amphibia/physiology; Animal; Female; Heat; Hormones/physiology; Larva; Male; Ovary/embryology; Pleurodeles/genetics/*physiology; Ranidae/genetics/*physiology; Salamandridae/*physiology; *Sex Differentiation; Sex Ratio; *Sex Reversal, Gonadal; Species Specificity; Steroids/physiology; *Temperature; Testis/embryology The sexual differentiation of gonads has been shown to be temperature- sensitive in many species of amphibians and reptiles. In two close species of salamanders, Pleurodeles poireti and P. waltl, both displaying a ZZ/ZW mechanism of genotypic sex determination (GSD), the rearing of larvae at high temperatures (30 degrees-32 degrees C) produces opposite effects: ZZ genotypic males of Pleurodeles poireti become phenotypic females whereas ZW genotypic females of P. waltl become phenotypic males. Sex-reversal of these individuals has been irrefutably demonstrated through genetic, cytogenetic, enzymatic and immunological studies. In many turtles, both sexes differentiate only within a critical range of temperature: above this range, all the individuals become phenotypic females, whereas below it, 100% become phenotypic males. The inverse occurs in some crocodiles and lizards. In many species of these three orders of reptiles, females are obtained at low and high temperatures, and males at intermediate ones. Preliminary studies in turtles (Emys orbicularis) indicate that within the critical range of temperature, sexual phenotype conforms with GSD, but that above and below this range, GSD is overriden. Temperature shifts during larval development in salamanders and during embryonic development in reptiles allowed the determination of thermosensitive stages for gonadal differentiation. Estrogens synthesized in the gonads at these stages appear to be involved in their sexual differentiation, higher levels being produced at feminizing temperatures than at masculinizing ones. The phenomenon of temperature sensitivity of gonadal differentiation occurs in species showing a very early stage in the evolution of sex chromosomes. Its adaptive value, chiefly in reptiles, remains an open question. Journal Article Douse, M. A.;Mitchell, G. S. 1991 Time course of temperature effects on arterial acid-base status in Alligator mississippiensis Respir Physiol 83 1 87-102 Acid-Base Equilibrium/*physiology; Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood/physiology; Animal; Bicarbonates/blood; Carbon Dioxide/blood; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Respiration/physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; *Temperature; Time Factors; Water-Electrolyte Balance/physiology Temperature effects on extracellular acid-base status in terrestrial poikilotherms are well known. Comparatively less is known concerning the time course of acid-base responses to prolonged changes in temperature. In this study, two questions were addressed: (1) what is the time course of acid-base responses to a temperature change of 5 days duration in Alligator mississippiensis?; and (2) what are the relative contributions of respiratory vs metabolic (strong ion) processes to the acid-base response? The effects of acute (4-6 h) vs chronic (24-120 h) decreases in ambient temperature from 30 to 20 degrees C were determined on arterial blood gases, acid-base status and plasma electrolyte concentrations ([Na+], [K+] and [Cl-]) in 7 awake alligators. In addition, in vivo and in vitro non-bicarbonate buffer values were determined in 6 anesthetized alligators. Acute decreases in temperature decreased PaCO2 (31 to 18 mmHg) and PaO2 (91 to 50 mmHg), increased pH (7.48 to 7.66), but had no significant effect on plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]). Chronic exposure to 20 degrees C had no further effect on any variable. dpH/dT ranged between -0.018 and -0.011 U/degrees C, over the duration of the experiment. Temperature did not alter [Na+] or [Cl-] at any time, and had only minor effects on [K+]. In vivo (11.5 +/- 0.7 mEq/L/pH unit) and in vitro (16.1 +/- 0.9 mEq/L/pH unit) buffer values were significantly different, but neither was affected by temperature. Temperature had no effect on the base excess (estimated with either in vitro or in vivo buffer values), nor on estimates of the strong ion difference. We conclude that pH changes during prolonged exposure to decreased temperature occur rapidly and can be explained by changes in PaCO2, CO2 solubility and pK', without major contributions from metabolic or strong ion adjustments. Journal Article Douse, M. A.;Mitchell, G. S. 1992 Episodic breathing in alligators: role of sensory feedback Respir Physiol 87 1 77-90 AM, respiration, metabolism, The episodic breathing pattern in many reptiles consists of two or more clustered breaths separated by variable non-ventilatory periods. This pattern is commonly postulated to result from oscillations in lung and/or blood PO2 or PCO2 via chemoreceptor feedback. We tested this hypothesis by monitoring breathing pattern in: (1) awake, undisturbed alligators and (2) sedated alligators (approx. 25 mg/kg pentobarbital, i.p.; 3 days prior to data collection). In sedated alligators, measurements were made: (1) before and after bilateral cervical vagotomy, a procedure that removes peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, CO2-sensitive intrapulmonary chemoreceptors and pulmonary stretch receptors (n = 6); and (2) during unidirectional ventilation (UDV) at high flow rates (greater than 2 L/min), thereby minimizing oscillations in lung and blood PO2 and PCO2 (n = 6). Measurements on sedated alligators were made at 30 and 20 degrees C in each of these conditions. In awake, undisturbed alligators, breathing was typically episodic with 2-7 breaths/cluster, although the pattern was easily altered (increased breaths/cluster) by even seemingly minor disturbances. In sedated alligators, episodic breathing was still evident after vagotomy, but only at increased inspired CO2; at 5% CO2 four of six alligators exhibited episodic breathing consisting of 2-3 breaths/cluster interspersed with occasional single breaths. An episodic breathing pattern was also evident during UDV; at low levels of CO2, 2-4 breaths/cluster interspersed with occasional single breaths were evident in four alligators, while two had 6-8 breaths/cluster. Increasing CO2 in the UDV gas stream generally increased the number of breaths/cluster. After vagotomy, all six alligators could manifest an episodic breathing pattern during UDV in at least one CO2 condition (greater than 2 breaths/cluster interspersed with occasional single breaths). The episodic breathing pattern was very labile, sometimes changing to single breaths without apparent cause. The results suggest: (1) episodic breathing requires neither feedback from vagal sensory receptors nor oscillations in respiratory gases; and (2) changes in arterial PCO2 modulate, but do not initiate episodic breathing. Episodic breathing in alligators may be due to complex interactions of higher brain structures with the central rhythm generator. Journal Article Douse, M. A.;Mitchell, G. S. 1992 Effects of vagotomy on ventilatory responses to CO2 in alligators Respir. Physiol. 87 1 63-76 AM, gas, respiration, physiology, Reptiles increase ventilation during hypercapnia at a constant temperature. In this study, the contributions of vagal vs non-vagal receptors to CO2 ventilatory responses were investigated in 16 sedated Alligator mississippiensis (25 mg/kg pentobarbital; 3 days prior to data collection). Four animals served as controls to assess the effects of time and/or anesthetic drift on ventilation and blood gases; significant ventilatory drift was not detected during the observation period. The effects of bilateral vagotomy on CO2 ventilatory responses were determined during spontaneous breathing (n = 6) and unidirectional ventilation (UDV; n = 6) at two body temperatures (Tb = 30 and 20 degrees C). Resting PaCO2, minute ventilation (VI), tidal volume (VT) and breathing frequency (f) were elevated at 30 degrees C relative to 20 degrees C in spontaneously breathing alligators. Increasing inspired CO2 to 5% increased PaCO2, f, VT and VI at both levels of Tb. Ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 (S = delta VI/delta PaCO2) was higher at 30 degrees C with a temperature coefficient (Q10) of 2.3. Vagotomy increased PaCO2 and VT, decreased f and had no effect on VI at either Tb. After vagotomy, hypercapnia had no effects on ventilation. When CO2 feedback loops were opened by UDV at a high flow rate (greater than 2 L/min), Tb had no effects on ventilatory efforts at constant PCO2, but hypercapnia significantly increased f, VT and VI. S was variable with a Q10 of 2.1. After vagotomy, a significant CO2-ventilatory response remained during UDV, but S was unaffected by Tb (Q10 = 0.8). The results indicate that non-vagal chemoreceptors contribute to CO2 ventilatory responses in alligators, although their contribution following vagotomy is evident only during unidirectional ventilation. Although tentative, the data also suggest that CO2-sensitive vagal receptors may be necessary for the temperature dependency of S. Journal Article Dowling, H. G.;Maxson, Linda R. 1990 Genetic and taxonomic relations of the short-tailed snakes, genus Stilosoma Journal of Zoology, London 221 77-85 lampropeltis elaphe pituophis arizona cemophora phylogeny coluber masticophis thamnophis Journal Article Dowling, Rick 1990 Double clutching in a dice snake (Natrix tesselata) Vivarium 2 5 12 Natrix tessellata Journal Article Dowling, H. G.;Maxon, Linda R. 1990 Genetic and taxonomic relations of the short-tailed snakes, genus Stilosoma Journal of Zoology, London 221 77-85 Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1990 Functions of the foam in foam-nesting Leptodactylids: anti-predator effects of Physalaemus pustulosus foam Herpetological Journal 1 501-503 Foam nesting; Leptodactylidae; Physalaemus oustulosus; Leptodactylus fuscus; Anti-predator mechanism Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1990 Functions of the foam in foam-nesting leptodactylids: anti-predator effects of Physalaemus pustulosus foam Herpetological Journal 1 501-503 Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1990 Temporal changes in the behavior of foam-making Leptodactylus fuscus tadpoles Herpetological Journal 1 498-500 Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1990 Temporal changes in the behaviour of foam-making Leptodactylus fuscus tadpoles. Herpetological Journal 1 498-500 Amphibia, Anuran, Hylidae , behaviour, Hyla versicolor, amphibia Journal Article Downing, Shaun 1992 The care and maintenance of the golden tegu Reptilian 1 6 32-34 Tupinambis teguixin Journal Article Draper, Stan 1992 Brown house snake, lamprophis fuliginosus Intermontanus 1 5 3 Journal Article Drenckhahn, D.;Merte, C.;von During, M.;Smolders, J.;Klinke, R. 1991 Actin, myosin and alpha-actinin containing filament bundles in hyaline cells of the caiman cochlea Hear Res 54 1 29-38 Actinin/metabolism; Actins/metabolism; Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology/*metabolism; Animal; Basilar Membrane/cytology/innervation/metabolism; Cochlea/cytology/innervation/*metabolism; Contractile Proteins/*metabolism; Cytoskeleton/metabolism/ultrastructure; Hyalin/metabolism; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Myosin/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Hyaline cells of the auditory organ of the spectacled caiman contain smooth muscle-like filament bundles within their basal cell pole. These bundles were heavily labeled with antibodies to actin, myosin and alpha- actinin (muscular Z-line protein). Since hyaline cells are firmly attached to the basilar membrane these cells may actively modify the stiffness of the basilar membrane. A contractile mechanism in hyaline cells might affect frequency tuning of primary auditory afferents. This frequency tuning has been shown to be a temperature-dependent process in caimans and other submammalian species. The presence of synaptic contacts between efferent nerve fibres and hyaline cells suggests neural control of hyaline cell activity. Journal Article Drews, C. 1990 Dominance or territoriality? The colonization of temporary lagoons by Caiman crocodilus L (Crocodylia) Herpetol. J. 1 11 514-521 CCR, behavior, habitat, agonistic, Journal Article Dryden, G.;Green, B.;King, D.;Losos, J 1990 Water and energy turnover in a small monitor lizard, Varanus acanthurus Aust. Wildl. Res. 17 641-646 Reptilia, sauria, monitor lizard, Varanus acanthurus, physiology, water, energy Journal Article Dryden, Gil L.;Wikramanayake, Eric D. 1991 Space and time sharing by Varanus salvator and Varanus bengalensis in Sri Lanka Mertensiella 2 111-119 Varanidae; varanus salvator; Varanus bengalensis Journal Article Dryden, G. L.;Green, B.;Wikramanayake, E. D.;Dryden, K. G. 1992 Energy and water turnover in two tropical varanid lizards, Varanus bengalensis andV.salvator Copeia 1992 1 102-107 energy, water, monitors Journal Article Du Preez, L. H.;Kok, D. J. 1992 Syntopic occurrence of new species of Polystoma and Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) in Ptychadena porrosissima in South Africa Systematic Parasitology 22 141-150 Monogenea, Amphibia, Anura, Polystoma, Metapolystoma, Ptychadena porrosissima, South Africa Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1990 Nomenclature of parthenogenetic, gynogenetic and "hybridogenetic" vertebrate taxons: new proposals Alytes 8 3-4 61-74 Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1990 Miscellanea nomenclatorica batrachologica (XVIII) Alytes 8 3-4 107-120 siren lacertina Journal Article Dubois, Alain 1991 Batrachology as a distinct scientific discipline Alytes 9 1 1-14 Journal Article Dubois, Daniel H 1992 Secretion of prostaglandin F2a and E2 in vitro by the uterus of the American alligator (alligator mississippiensis) The Journal of Experimental Zoology 264 253-260 Journal Article DuBois, A.;Heyer, R. 1992 Leptodactylus labialis, the valid name for the American white-lipped frog (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Copeia 2 584-585 Journal Article Dubois, A. 1992 Notes sur la clasification des Ranidae (Amphibiens Anoures) Bull. Mensuel. Soc. Linneenne de Lyon 61 305-352 Journal Article Ducey, Peter K.;Anthony, Carl D.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. 1991 Thresholds and escalation of antipredator responses in the Chinese salamander Cynops cyanurus: Inter- and Intra-individual variation Behavioral Processes 23 1991 181-191 behavior Journal Article Ducey, Peter K.;Brodie, Edmund D.;III 1991 Evolution of antipredator behavior: individual and populational variation in a neotropical salamander Herpetologica 47 1 89-95 Caudata, Bolitoglossa subpalmata, antipredator behavior, evolu Journal Article Duck, Timothy Allen;Pregler, Charles 1991 Analysis of desert tortoise carcasses from the Arizona Strip, 1977-1987 Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 72-80 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Duck, Timothy Allen;Snider, John R. 1991 Analysis of a desert tortoise population and habitat on the Beaver Dam Slope, Arizona: Part 1, Site 44, Littlefield Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 81-92 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dudley, Robert;Rand, A. Stanley 1991 Sound production and vocal sac inflation in the Tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus (Leptodactylidae) Copeia 1991 2 460-470 Journal Article Dudley, Robert A.;Rand, A. Stanley 1991 Sound production and vocal sac inflation in the Túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus (Leptodactylidae) Copeia 1991 2 460-470 Journal Article Dudley, R.;King, V. A.;Wassersug., R. J. 1991 The implications of shape and metamorphosis for drag forces on a generalized pond tadpole (Rana catesbeiana) Copeia 1991 252-257 Journal Article Dudley, R.;Rand, A. S. 1991 Sound production and vocal sac inflation in the Túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus (Leptodactylidae) Copeia 1991 2 460-470 Physalaemus pustulosus, Leptodactylidae, advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, behavior, morphology, Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Hillis, David M. 1990 Systematics of frogs of the Hyla larinopygion group Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 134 1-23 Hyla larinopygion group; Hyla pacha sp. nov.; New species; Hyla psarolaima sp. nov.; Hyla ptychodactyla sp. nov. Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1990 A new species of Leptodactylid frog, genus Ischnocnema, from Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 138 1-7 Ischnocnema saxatilis sp. nov.; New species; Peru Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1990 A new species of leptodactylid frog, genus Ischnocnema, from Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History the University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 138 1-7 Amphibia, Anura, Telmatobiine, Brazil, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Ischnocnema verrucosa, Ischnocnema quixensis, Ischnocnema simmonsi, Ischnocnema saxatilis Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Morales, Victor R. 1990 Variation, distribution, and life history of Edalorhina perezi (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 25 19-30 Amphibia, Anura, Edalorhina nasuta, Edalorhina perezi, Amazon, Rio Purus, Rio Madre de dios, call analysis, life history, tadpoles, skin texture, coloration, Peru Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Pianka, E. R. 1990 Biogeography of nocturnal insectivores: historical events and ecological filters Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 21 57-68 taxonomy, diversity, gekkonids, reptiles Book Section Duellman, W. E. 1990 Herpetofaunas in neotropical rainforests: Comparative composition, history, and resource use Gentry, A. H. Four neotropical rainforests New Haven, CT Yale University Press 455-505 tropical, lizards, snakes, frogs, South America, Amazon Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1990 Book review: Field Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa Herpetological Monographs 1 124-125 Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Koechlin, José E. 1991 The Reserva Cuzco Amazonico, Peru: Biological investigations, conservation and ecoturism Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 142 1-38 Peru; Ecotourism; Conservation Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Salas, Antonio W. 1991 Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 143 1-13 Peru Journal Article Duellman, William, E.;M., Oscar Ochoa 1991 A new species of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Andes of southern Peru Copeia 1 137-141 Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo corynetes, Cordilliera Oriental, Peru Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1991 A new species of leptodactylid frog, genus Phyllonastes, from Peru Herpetologica 47(1) 9-13 Departamento Amasonas of Peru, Phyllonastes lynchi, Phyllonastes myrmecoides, Andes, Amphibia Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1991 A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Cordillera Occidental of Peru Herpetologica 47 6 - 9 Eleutherodactylus, Peru, Leptodactylidae Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Koechlin, J. E. 1991 The reserva Cuzco Amazonico, Peru: biological investigations, conservation, and ecotourism Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 142 1-38 habitat, vegetation, amphibians, reptiles Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1992 Some hylid frogs from the Guiana Highlands, northeastern South America: New species, distributional records, and a generic reallocation Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 147 1-21 Hyla hadroceps sp. nov.; New species; Hyla roraima sp. nov.; Hyla warreni sp. nov.; Hyla kanaima; Osteocephalus rodriguezi Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1992 Eleutherodactylus bearsei New species (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from northeastern Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 150 1-7 Eleutherodactylus bearsei sp. nov.; Leptodactylidae; New species; Peru Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Wiens, John J. 1992 The status of the hylid frog genus Ololygon and the recognition of Scinax Wagler, 1830 Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 151 1-23 Ololygon; Scinax; Hylidae; Generic nomenclature Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Campbell, Jonathan A. 1992 Hylid frogs of the genus Plectrohyla: Systematics and phylogenetic relationships Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 181 1-32 Anura; Hylidae; Plectrohyla; Hyla bistincta group; new species; phylogenetic relationships; biogeography; breeding behavior; reproduction; Plectrohyla acanthodes n. sp.; Plectrohyla teuchestes n. sp. Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Schulte, Rainer 1992 Description of a new species of Bufo from Northern Peru with comments on phenetic groups of South American toads (Anura: Bufonidae) Copeia 1992 1 162-172 Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Campbell, Jonathan A. 1992 Hylid frogs of the genus Plectrohyla: systematics and phylogenetic relationships Miscellaneous Publications Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 181 1-32 Amphibian, Anura, Hylidae, Hylinae, Plectrohyla acanthodes, Plectrohyla avia, Plectrohyla dasypus, Plectrohyla glandulosa, Plectrohyla quatemalensis, Plectrohyla hartwegi, Plectrohyla ixil, Plectrohyla lacertosa, Plectrohyla matudai, Plectrohyla pokomchi, Plectrohyla quecchi, Plectrohyla sagorum, Plectrohyla teacumunani, Plectrohyla teuchestes, tadpoles, behavior, ecology, life history, phylogenetics, biogeography Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1992 Eleuthrodactylus bearsei new species (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from northeastern Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 150 1-7 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, microhabitat, relationships, taxonomy Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Schulte, R. 1992 Description of a new species of Bufo from Northern Peru with comments of phenetic groups of South American toads (Anura: Bufonidae) Copeia 1992 1 162-172 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, microhabitat, relationships, taxonomy Journal Article Duellman, William E. ;Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1992 Some hylid frogs from the Guiana highlands, northeastern South America: New species, distributional records, and a generic reallocation Occational Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 147 1-21 3, hylid frogs, Hylidae, Guiana Highlands, S. America, Hyla hadroceps, Hyla roraima, Hyla warreni, Osteocephalus rodiquezi, Guyana, Venezuela Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Hoogmoed, M. S. 1992 Some hylid frogs from the Guiana highlands, northeastern South America: new species, distributional records, and a generic reallocation Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 147 1-21 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, Hyla, hadroceps, roraima, warreni, Osteocephalus rodriquezi, Guyana, Venezuela Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Schulte, R. 1992 Description of a new species of Bufo from Northern Peru with comments of phenetic groups of South American toads (Anura Bufonidae) Copeia 1992 1 162-172 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, microhabitat, relationships, taxonomy Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1992 Estrategias reproductoras de las ranas Investigación y Ciencia Septiembre 54-62 Amphibia, Anura, parental care, reproductive success, Journal Article Duer, C. K.;Cisek, J. M.;Powell, R. 1992 Food habits of Osteopilus dominicensis (Anura: Hylidae) Caribbean Journal of Science 28 226-228 food habits, Osteopilus dominicensis, Anura, Hylidae Journal Article Duke, J. T.;Ultsch., G. R. 1990 Metabolic oxygen regulation and conformity during submergence in the salamanders Siren lacertina, Amphiuma means, and Amphiuma tridactylum, and a comparison with other giant salamanders. Oecologia 84 16-23 Journal Article Duke, J. T.;Ultsch., G. R. 1990 Metabolic oxygen regulation and conformity during submergence in the salamanders Siren lacertina, Amphiuma means, and Amphiuma tridactylum, and a comparison with other giant salamanders Oecologia 84 16-23 Journal Article Dumbacher, J. P.;Beehler, B. M.;Spande, T. F.;Garraffo, H. M.;Daly, J. W. 1992 Homobatrachotoxin in the genus Pitohui: Chemical defense in birds? Science 258 799-801 New Guinea, Aves, birds, steroidal alkaloids, toxicity, Amphibia, Anura, frogs Journal Article Duméril, Jacques H. 1990 André-Marie Constant Duméril (1774-1860): une évocation de sa famille et de sa jeunesse Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 56 1-12 Journal Article Dundek, Jeff;Smith, Brian E.;Carter, Holly;Carter, Roger;Swinney, Brian 1991 Letters on collecting Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 26 4 69-70 pet trade Journal Article Dunson, W. A.;Travis., J. 1991 The role of abiotic factors in community organization American Naturalist 138 1067-1091 Journal Article Dunson, W. A.;Wyman, R. L.;Corbett, E. S. 1992 A symposium on amphibian declines and habitat acidification J Herpetol 26 4 349-352 Amphibia, decline, ecology, habitat, acidification A symposium was held 8 August 1991, at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles and The Herpetologists' League in University Park, Pennsylvania. The topic, ''Amphibian Declines and Habitat Acidification'' was selected for its relevance to the topical issues of a precipitous drop in many amphibian populations, and possible causation by acidic atmospheric deposition. As organizers, we felt that a rigorous approach to these issues requires meticulous field documentation of population fluctuations and correlated environmental measures of pollution, along with an experimental ecotoxicological analysis of possible anthropogenic causation. Because of the potential for large-scale environmental change acting synergistically with pollution across landscapes, the experimental elucidation of cause and effect will be extremely difficult. It appears that some amphibian populations fluctuate in an episodic fashion, but there are no long-term data bases adequate to determine whether particular declines are uniequivocally due to acidic deposition from non-point sources, other anthropogenic causes, natural causes, or interactions among them. This series of papers deals with the effects of acidic waters and soils on amphibians in England and North America. It is very clear that acidic habitats of natural and polluted origin exclude certain species and cause sub-lethal and lethal effects. However, no data are at hand which show directly that anthropogenic acidification causes amphibian populations to decline. There is considerable interest in the development of bioindicators of habitat decline. Net loss of body sodium and the embryonic curling defect in amphibians are examples of the best of such direct bioassays in acidified aquatic and terrestrial habitats. There is a strong need for standardization of test conditions so that better comparisons can be made among results from laboratories in different geographic regions. We recommend that a number of sites be chosen for long-term (10 year minimum) study of the relation between amphibian population cycles and anthropogenic change. This research would provide data not only specifically pertinent to the issue of amphibian declines, but would also provide valuable tests of the usefulness of amphibians as general bioindicators of ecosystem decline in response to anthropogenic stress. These issues are complex and are not amenable to quick solutions. A sustained commitment is needed by researchers and funding agencies to provide long-term monitoring and rigorous experimental tests of the causes of any declines in especially sensitive biotic components of ecosystems. Book Section Durán-Nájera, Juan José 1992 Anidacion de la tortuga de carey Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) en Isla Holbox, Quintata Roo, Mexico Benabib, Miriam and Sarti, Laura Memorias del VI Encuentro Interuniversitario Sobre Tortugas Marinas Mexico City Sociedad Herpetologica Mexicana 1 65-73 Sea turtles; Mexico; Eretmochelys imbricata Journal Article Durette*-Desset, M.-C.;Nasher, A.K.;Slimane, B.B. 1992 Oswaldocruzia arabica n.sp. (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea) parasite d'un Bufonidae de la péninsule arabique et remarques sur des espèces proches Bull. Mus. natl. Hist. Paris 14 693-703 Amphibia, anura, Bufo arabicus, infection, helminth, Nematode, Oswaldocruzia arabica E key to the ten species belonging to this grou is presented. Reprint Endnote 93/518 Journal Article Durette-Desset, M.-C.;Nasher, A.K.;Slimane, B.B. 1992 Oswaldocruzia arabica n.sp. (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea) parasite d'un Bufonidae de la péninsule arabique et remarques sur des espèces proches Bull. Mus. natl. Hist. Paris 14 693-703 Amphibia, anura, Bufo arabicus, infection, helminth, Nematode, Oswaldocruzia arabica Journal Article Durtsche, R. D. 1992 Feeding time strategies of the fringe-toed lizard, Uma inornata, during breeding and non-breeding seasons Oecologia (Berl.) 89 85-89 Reptiles, lizards, California, energy maximization, foraging, selectivity, time minimization, breeding, Dick you fool!! Journal Article Dutta, Sushil K. 1992 Amphibians of India: Updated species list with distribution record Hamadryad 17 1-13 Species list; Herpetofauna; India; Checklist Journal Article Duvall, David;Goode, Matthew J.;hayes, William K.;Leonhardt, Janet K.;Brown, Douglas G. 1990 Prairie ratlesnake vernal migration: Field experimental analysis and survival value National Geographic Research 6 4 457-469 crotalus viridis Journal Article Duvall, David;Goode, Matthew J.;Hayes, William K. 1990 Prairie rattlesnake vernal migration: field experimental analyses and survival value National Geographic Research 6 4 457-469 Crotalus, viridis, movement, season Book Section Duvall, David;Arnold, Stevan J.;Schuett, Gordon W. 1992 Pitviper mating systems: ecological potential, sexual selection, and microevolution Campbell, J. A. and Brodie, E. D., Jr. Biology of the Pit vipers Tyler Texas Selva 321-336 viridis Journal Article Dwivedi, S.;Rao, Pdp 1992 Cytoarchitectonic pattern of the hypothalamus in the turtle, Lissemys punctata granosa Cell Tissue Res 270 1 173-188 reptilia, testudinae,Lissemys punctata granosa, Chrysemys picta, Varanus exanthematicus, anatomy, histology, hypothalamus, cytoarchitecture, magnocellular nuclei, parvocellular nuclei, In the hypothalamus of the turtle, Lissemys punctata granosa, two magnocellular and 23 parvocellular neuronal complexes can be distinguished. The magnocellular complexes include the nucleus supraopticus and the nucleus paraventricularis; paraventricular neurons are partly arranged in rows parallel to the third ventricle. Most infundibular parvocellular nuclei display neurons disposed in rows parallel to the ventricular surface. In the preoptic region, the prominent parvocellular neuronal complexes encompass the nucleus periventricularis anterior, lateral preoptic area, the nucleus of the anterior commissure and the nucleus suprachiasmaticus. The prominent nucleus periventricularis posterior extends caudad and shows neurons arranged in vertical rows parallel to the third ventricle. Other parvocellular nuclei of the rostral hypothalamus are composed of clustered subunits. The nucleus arcuatus is a fairly large nuclear entity extending from the level marked dorsally by the nucleus paraventricularis to the area occupied by the nucleus of the paraventricular organ. A well-developed ventromedial nucleus is located ventrolateral to the paraventricular organ. The prominent paraventricular organ consists of tightly arranged neurons, some of which possess apical projections into the third ventricle; it is surrounded by the nucleus of the paraventricular organ. Nucleus hypothalamicus medialis et lateralis, nucleus hypothalamicus posterior and the nuclei recessus infundibuli are further nuclear units of the tuberal region. The caudal end of the hypothalamus is marked by the nucleus mamillaris; its neurons are scattered among the fibers of the retroinfundibular commissure. The median eminence is well developed and shows a large medial and two lateral protrusions into the infundibular recess. Journal Article Dyer, W.G., Williams, E.H.,Bunkleywilliams, L., 1991 Some Digeneans (Trematoda) of the Green Turtle, Chelonia-Mydas (Testudines, Cheloniidae) from Puerto-Rico Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 58 2 176-180 Animal Sciences , Reptilia ,Infection , Trematodes , Chelonia WG Dyer,So Illinois Univ,Dept Zool,Carbondale, IL 62901 Journal Article Dyer, W.G.;Williams, E.H.;Bunkleywilliams, L. 1991 Some Digeneans (Trematoda) of the Green Turtle, Chelonia-Mydas (Testudines, Cheloniidae) from Puerto-Rico Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 58 2 176-180 Animal Sciences , Reptilia ,Infection , Trematodes , Chelonia Journal Article Dyer, W.G.;Williams, E.H., Bunkleywilliams, L., 1991 Some Digeneans (Trematoda) of the Green Turtle, Chelonia-Mydas (Testudines, Cheloniidae) from Puerto-Rico Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 58 2 176-180 Animal Sciences , Reptilia ,Infection , Trematodes , Chelonia WG Dyer,So Illinois Univ,Dept Zool,Carbondale, IL 62901 Journal Article Dyson, Miranda L.;Passmore, Neville I. 1992 Inter-male spacing and aggression in African painted reed frogs, Hyperolius marmoratus Ethology 91 237-247 Amphibia, Anura, Hyperolius marmoratus, behavior, reproduction, mating selection, Africa Journal Article Dyson, Miranda L.;Passmore, Neville I.;Bishop, Philip J.;Henzi, S. Peter 1992 Male behavior and correlates of mating success in a natural population of African painted reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus) Herpetologica 48 236-246 Amphibia, Anura, Hyperolius marmoratus, behavior, reproduction, mating selection, Africa Journal Article Dyson, M. L.;Passmore, N. I. 1992 Effect of intermale spacing on female frequency preferences in the painted ree frog Copeia 1992 4 1111-1114 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, Hyperolius marmoratus, phonotaxis, Journal Article Dzukic, G.;Kalezic, M.L.;Tvrtkovic, N.;Djorovic, A. 1990 An overview of the Occurrence of Paedomorphosis in Yugoslav Newt (Triturus, Salamandridae) Populations British Herpetological Society Bulletin 34 16 - 22 Journal Article Dzukic, Georg 1991 Fauna Durmitora, Sveska 4. Vodozemci i Gmizavci: Gradja za faunu vodozemaca i gmizavaca Durmitora (Amphibia, Reptilia) [The Fauna of Durmitor, 4. Amphibians and Reptiles: materials to the fauna of Durmitor Mountains amphibians and reptiles (Amphibia - Reptilia) Crnogorska akademija nauka i umjetnosti, Posebna izdanja, Knj. 24, Odeljenje prirodnih nauka, knj. 15, Titograd 9-78, 6 color plates Journal Article Eason, Perri K. 1990 The effect of recent diet on prey choice in senegalese chameleons (Chameleo senegalensis) Journal of Herpetology 24 4 383-87 diet, chameleons Journal Article Echeverría, D. D. 1990 Organogénesis y cicloa estacionales del órgano de bidder en las larvas y los juveniles de Bufo arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) Cuadernos de Herpetología 5 1 1-9 Bufo arenarum Journal Article Echeverría, D. D.;Filipello, A. M. 1990 Edad y crecimiento de Bufo arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) Cuadernos de Herpetología 5 5 25-31 Bufo arenarum Journal Article Echeverría, D. D. 1991 Esqueletocronología: un método para la estimación de la edad en anfibios y reptiles Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 6 1 3-5 Journal Article Echeverría, D. D. 1991 Criopreservación de espermatozoides de Bufo arenarum durante un plazo corto Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 6 1 7 Bufo arenarum Journal Article Echeverría, D. D. 1991 Modificaciones de la coloración de tegumento durante el desarrollo de la metamorfosis de Leptodactylus gracilis (Anura, leptodactylidae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 7 1 20-21 Leptodactylus gracilis Journal Article Echeverría, Dinorah Diana 1992 Microscopía electrónica de barrido de aparato bucal de las larvas de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyemberg, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae). [Scanning electron microscopy of the buccal apparatus of larval Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyemberg, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae)] Alytes 10 4 137-143 Journal Article Echeverría, D. D.;Lopez, L. E. Fiorito de;Montanelli., S. B. 1992 Esteromorfologia del aparato bucal y de la cavidad oral de las larvas de Ololygon fuscovaria (Lutz, 1925)(Anura, Hylidae) Rev. Mus. Argentina Cienc. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia Inst. Nac. Invest. Cienc. Nat., Zool. 16 2-13 Journal Article Eckert, K. L. 1990 Twinning in leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) embryos Journal of Herpetology 24 3 317-320 leatherback Journal Article Eckert, K. L. 1991 Leatherback sea turtles: a declining species of the global commons Ocean Yearbook 73-90 leatherback Journal Article Edgar, Blake 1990 Suffering symbol of the Mojave Pacific Discovery 43 1 17-21 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Edmond, B. S. 1992 Ambystoma texanum (smallmouth salamander) Herpetological Review 23 4 121 Journal Article Edmonds, Les 1992 The care of treefrogs in captivity Tropical Fish Hobbyist 40 11 141-149 Journal Article Edmunds, Les 1992 The care of treefrogs in captivity Tropical Fish Hobbyist 40 11 141-149 Journal Article Edwards, M.S. 1991 Dietary husbandry of large herbivorous reptiles: the giant tortoises of Aldabra atoll (Geochelone gigantea) and Galapagos Islands (G. elephantopus) Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 139-146 reptilia chelonia cryptodira testudinidae/Geochelone/ nutrition/ anatomy * Journal Article Edwards, M. L. O.;Pivorun, E. B. 1991 The effects of photoperiod and different dosages of melatonin on metamorphic rate and weight gain in Xenopus laevis tadpoles General and Comparative Endocrinology 81 28-38 Amphibia, Anura, larvae Journal Article Edwards, M. L. O.;Pivorun., E. B. 1991 The effects of photoperiod and different dosages of melatonin on metamorphic rate and weight gain in Xenopus laevis tadpoles General and Comparative Endocrinology 81 28-38 Journal Article Edwards, Mary Lang 1992 A visit with iguana of the Galapagos Islands Iguana Times 1 4 9-11 amblyrhynchus critatus conolophus subcristatus tropidurus albemarlensis Journal Article Eggensch*wiler, T. 1992 Should tortoises be treated against helminths? Sollen Schildkröten jetzt noch entwurmt werden? (Ist der Einsatz von Medikamenten im Oktober noch sinnvoll?) Sigs Info 1992 3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy, season testu,vet,vit PF x Journal Article Eggensch*wiler, T.;Leu, U. 1992 Medication in tortoises. Medikation bei Schildkröten Sigs Info Dezember 1992 2 2-3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, therapy, review testu,vet,meth PF x Journal Article Eggenschwiler, T. 1992 Should tortoises be treated against helminths? Sollen Schildkröten jetzt noch entwurmt werden? (Ist der Einsatz von Medikamenten im Oktober noch sinnvoll?) Sigs Info 1992 3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy, season testu,vet,vit PF x Journal Article Eggenschwiler, T.;Leu, U. 1992 Medication in tortoises. Medikation bei Schildkröten Sigs Info Dezember 1992 2 2-3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, therapy, review testu,vet,meth PF x Journal Article Eggenschwiler, T. 1992 Sollen Schildkröten jetzt noch entwurmt werden? [Should tortoises be treated against helminths?] (Ist der Einsatz von Medikamenten im Oktober noch sinnvoll?) Sigs Info 1992 3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, therapy, season testu,vet,vit PF x Journal Article Eggenschwiler, T.;Leu, U. 1992 Medikation bei Schildkröten. [Medication in tortoises] Sigs Info Dezember 1992 2 2-3 Reptilia, testudines, infection, therapy, review testu,vet,meth PF x Journal Article Ehmann, Harald 1990 Book Review: Australian Reptiles and Frogs Herpetofauna 20 1 35-36 Book Review Journal Article Ehmann, Harald;Swan, Gerry;Swan, Geoff;Smith, Brendan 1991 Nesting, egg incubation and hatching by the heath monitor Varanus rosenbergi in a termite mound Herpetofauna 21 1 17-24 Varanus rosenbergi; Nesting; Incubation Journal Article Ehmann, Harald 1992 The apparent severe decline of the bronzeback legless lizard (Ophidiocephalus taeniatus) at Abminga Herpetofauna 22 1 31-33 Ophidiocephalus taeniatus Book Ehmann, Harold 1992 Encyclopedia of Australian Animals: Reptiles Pymble, NSW Angus & Robertson 495 Australia Journal Article Ehrenfeld, D. 1992 The business of conservation Conservation Biology 6 1 1-3 utilization; conservation Journal Article Ehret, G.;Tautz, J.;Schmitz, B. 1990 Hearing through the lungs: Lung-eardrum transmission of sound in the frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Naturwissenschaften 77 192-194 Journal Article Ehrhardt, N. M.;Witham, R. 1992 Analysis of growth of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) in the western central Atlantic Bulletin of Marine Science 50 2 275-281 green Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W. 1991 Adventure on North Andros Iguana Times 1 3 3-6 cyclura cychlura Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W. 1992 The captive husbandry and propagation of the Cuban rock Iguana, Cyclura nubila part 3. Diet and feeding Iguana Times 1 5 8-9 Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W.;Moyroud, R. 1992 The vegetation of a Bahamian Cay inhabitated by a population of rock iguanas Iguana Times 1 5 10-12 cyclura cychlura Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W.;Moyroud, R. 1992 Allan's Cay expedition Iguana Times 1 5 14-15 cyclura cychlura Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W. 1992 The trouble with 'lewisi Iguana Times 1 6 2-3 cyclura nubila lewisi Journal Article Ehrlich, Paul R.;Wilson, Edward O. 1991 Biodiversity studies: Science and policy Science 253 758-762 Journal Article Eickhoff, Hans-Peter;Heisig, Michaela 1991 Zur Haltung des chilenschen Kielschwanzleguans Tropidurus atacamensis Herpetofauna 13 72 6-10 Tropidurus atacamensis Journal Article Eisler, P.;Carney, D. 1990 Use of TEDs good in Florida, poor in other Gulf states, official says Reprinted in League Fla. Herpetol. Soc. Newsl. June 24 Journal Article Eisthen, H. L. 1992 Phylogeny of the vomeronasal system and of receptor cell types in the olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia of vertebrates Microsc Res Tech 23 1 1-21 Animal; Epithelium/anatomy & histology; Nasal Septum/anatomy & histology; Nose/*anatomy & histology; Olfactory Mucosa/anatomy & histology; *Phylogeny; Receptors, Sensory/*anatomy & histology; Smell/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Vertebrates/*anatomy & histology In this paper, the evolutionary origin of the vomeronasal system as a discrete sensory system separate from olfaction is examined. The presence of a discrete vomeronasal system appears to be a derived character in tetrapods, and its presence in larval amphibians indicates that the system did not arise as a terrestrial adaptation. The vomeronasal system has been lost independently in several taxa, including crocodilians, some bats, cetaceans, and some primates. The presence of microvillar receptor cells in the vomeronasal epithelium appears to be the ancestral condition for tetrapods, and alternative hypotheses concerning the ancestral condition for receptor cell types in the vertebrate olfactory epithelium are discussed. Finally, the possibility that the vomeronasal system is present in some fishes in a form that has not been recognized is discussed in relation to the phylogenetic distribution of receptor cell types in vertebrates. Journal Article Elinson, Richard P.;Pino, Eugenia M. Del;Townsend, Daniel S.;Cuesta, Fabían C.;Eichhorn, Peter 1990 A practical guide to the developmental biology of terrestrial-breeding frogs Biol. Bull. 179 163-177 Amphibia, anura, development, direct development, Gastrotheca, Gastrotheca riobambae, Eleutherodactylus coqui, Flectonotus pygmaeus, oogenesis Journal Article Elinson, Richard P. 1990 Direct development in frogs: wiping the recapitulationist slate clean Developmental Biology 1 263-270 Amphibia, anura, direct development, evolution, development, Eleutherodactylus, tadpole, metamorphosis Journal Article Elinson, R. P.;E. M. Del Pino, D. S. Townsend, F. C. Cuesta;Eichhorn., P. 1990 A practical guide to the developmental biology of terrestrial-breeding frogs Biological Bulletin 179 163-177 Journal Article Ellegren, Hans 1991 DNA typing of museum birds Nature 354 113 Journal Article Elmore, D. B.;Anderson, J. H.;Hird, D. W.;Sanders, K. D.;Lerche, N. W. 1992 Diarrhea rates and risk factors for developing chronic diarrhea in infant and juvenile rhesus monkeys Lab Anim Sci 42 4 356-359 Mammalia, primates, monkey, Rhesus monkey, diarrhea, intestine, age, juvenile Journal Article Elsey, R.M.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L.;Lance, V. 1990 Growth rate and plasma corticosterone levels in juvenile alligators maintained at different stocking densities J. Exp. Zool. 255 30-36 AM, biochemistry, farming, physiology, stress, endocrinology, Journal Article Elsey, R.M.;Lance, V. A.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1991 Acute stress suppresses plasma estradiol levels in female alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) Comp. Biochem. Phys. A. 100 3 649-651 AM, stress, endocrinology, reproduction, LA Book Section Elsey, R.M.;McNease, L.;Joanen, T. 1992 Feeding habits of juvenile alligators on Marsh Islands Wildlife Refuge: A comparison of wild and farm-released alligators Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 96 Book Section Elsey, R.M.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1992 Growth rates and body condition factors for alligators in coastal Louisiana wetlands: A comparison of wild and farm-released juveniles Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 95 Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B. 1991 A biochemical perspective on the use of forelimb length as a measure of sexual selection in frogs J. Evol. Biol. 4 671-678 Rana sylvatica, Triprion petasatus, Bufo marinus, Bufo terrestris, Bufo quercicus, Bufo valliceps, Hyla marmorata, Bufo americanus, Bufo bufo Journal Article Emerson, S. B.;Voris, H. 1992 Competing explanations for sexual dimorphism in a voiceless Bornean frog Functional Ecology 6 654-660 Rana blythi Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B. 1992 Courtship and nest-building behavior of a Bornean frog, Rana blythi Copeia 4 1123-1127 nests, reproductive behavior Journal Article Emmer, Rick 1991 Husbandry and breeding of dart-poison frogs (Dendrobates auratus and D. tinctorius) Vivarium 2 6 8-11;18;35 Dendrobates auratus; Dendrobates tinctorius Journal Article Ender, J. A. 1992 Signals, signal conditions, and the direction of evolution American Naturalist 139 S125-S153 acoustic communication, communication, evolution, natural selection, propagation, sexual selection, Journal Article Engbring, J.;Idechong, N.;Cook, C.;Wiles, G.;Bauer, R. 1992 Observations on the defensive and aggressive behavior of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) at sea Herpetological Review 23 3 70-71 leatherback Journal Article Engelke, Ellen M. 1992 Effects of tortoise fencing on indenous desert species Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 159 Journal Article Engelke, Ellen M.;Stone, Jack S.;Cornish, Michael J. 1992 New technique in transporting desert tortoises Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 158 Journal Article Engkamat, L.;Stuebing, R. B.;Voris, H. K. 1991 A population size estimate of the yellow-lipped sea krait, Laticauda colubrina, on Kalampunian Damit Island, Sabah, Malaysia Copeia 4 1139-1142 population size, yellow-lipped, sea krait, Laticauda colubrina, Malaysia Journal Article Entzeroth, Andre 1991 Bemerkungen zur Systematik sowie zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Elaphe flavirufa (Cope, 1867) Herpetofauna 13 75 14-20 Elaphe flavirufa Journal Article Erdelen, Walter 1991 Conservation and population ecology of monitor lizards: the water monitor Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in South Sumatra Mertensiella 2 120-135 Varanidae; Varanus salavator; Indonesia; South Sumatra; Distribution; reproductive ecology; population ecology; exploitation; conservation Book Eremchenko, V. K. 1992 Reptiles of Russia??? written in Russian Journal Article Ergueta, P.;Pacheco, L.F. 1990 Los Crocodilios (orden Crocodylia) de Bolivia Ecol. en Bolivia 15 69-81 CL, CCR, MN, PAL, distribution, South America Book Section Erk'Akan, F.;Canbolat, A.F. 1990 The investigation on the biology of loggerhead sea turtles which use Dalyan Beach for nesting places and their protection from environmental effects R.E. Qu\'elennec, E. Ercolani, G. Michon Littoral 1990. Inst. Mediterran\'een de Technol. Chateau-Gombert, Marseille, France 405-410 Journal Article Erlich, Henry A.;Gelfand, David;Sninsky, John J. 1991 Recent advances in the polymerase Chain Reaction Science 252 1643-1651 pcr Journal Article Ernst, Carl H.;Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1990 A new species of Coura (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) from the Ryukyu Islands Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 1 26-34 sp. nov. evelynae flavomarginata Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1990 Pseudemys gorzugi Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 461 1-2 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H.;Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1990 A new species of Cuora (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) from the Ryukyu Islands Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103 1 26-34 Book Section Ernst, C.H. 1990 Systematics, taxonomy, variation, and geographic distribution of the slider turtle Gibbons, J. W. Life history and ecology of the slider turtle Wash., D.C. Smithsonian Inst. Press 57-67 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1991 Terrapene Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 511 1-6 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1991 Terrapene carolina Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 512 1-13 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1992 Trachemys gaigeae Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 538 1-4 Book Ernst, Carl H. 1992 Venomous Reptiles of North America Washington, DC Smithsonian Institution Press 236 North America Journal Article Eschment, Jürgen 1990 Anmerkungen zur künstlichen Aufzucht von Dendrobates pumilio Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schloß Bertholdsburg Schleusingen 5 84 Journal Article Esque, Todd C. 1991 Diet and foraging behavior of Gopherus agassizii in the northeast Mojave Desert [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 319 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Esque, T.;and, E.;Peters 1991 Calcium implicated decline of desert tortoises Daily Commercial testu,oeko,namerika,vit PF x Journal Article Esque, Todd C. 1992 Diet selection and habitat use by the desert tortoise in the northeast Mojave Desert Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 64-68 Journal Article Etchberger, Cory R.;Iverson, John B. 1990 Pseudemys texana Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 485 1-2 Journal Article Etchberger, C. R.;Stovall, R. H. 1990 Seasonal variation in the testicular cycle of the loggerhead musk turtle, Sternotherus minor minor, from central Florida Can. J. Zool. 68 1071-1074 Journal Article Etchberger, CR;Phillips, JB;Ewert, MA;Nelson, CE;and Prange, HD 1991 Effects of oxygen concentration and clutch on sex determination and physiology in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta) 258 394-403 sex ratio Journal Article Etchberger, Cory R.;Ewert, Michael A.;Raper, Beth A.;Nelson, Craig E. 1992 Do low incubation temperatures yield females in painted turtles? Canadian Journal of Zoology 70 391-394 Chrysemys picta Journal Article Etchberger, Cory R.;Ewert, Michael A.;Raper, beth A.;Nelson, Craig E. 1992 Do low incubation temperatures yeild females in painted turtles? Canadian Journal of Zoology 70 2 391-394 Journal Article Etchberger, C. R.;Ewert, M. A.;Phillips, J. B.;Nelson, C. E.;Prange, H. D. 1992 Physiological responses to carbon dioxide in embryonic red- eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta J Exp Zool 264 1 1-10 Reptilia, testudines, red eared turtle, Trachemys elegans, sex determination, temperature, carbon dioxyde In the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, sex is determined by the incubation temperature of the egg: warm temperatures produce females, cool ones produce males, and a narrow range of intermediate temperatures produce both sexes. We asked whether the influence of temperature is modified by the effects of carbon dioxide. Under one current hypothesis, sex is more closely linked to total incubation time than to temperature. Higher levels of carbon dioxide should lengthen total incubation time and thus mimic the longer incubation times produced by low incubation temperatures. By this hypothesis longer incubation times should increase the tendency to produce males. Trachemys scripta eggs were incubated in atmospheres containing various concentrations of carbon dioxide. While total incubation times were significantly lengthened with elevated carbon dioxide (as if mimicking cool temperatures), sex ratios were altered in favor of females (as if mimicking warm temperatures). This result is compatible with a hypothesis that pH changes affect sex in turtles with TSD. Turtles incubated at elevated levels of carbon dioxide absorbed less yolk, had more residual yolk, and were somewhat smaller than turtles incubated at lower levels of carbon dioxide. In some cases, clutches were heterogeneous in their responses to the various levels of carbon dioxide. Journal Article Etchberger, C.R.;Ewert, M.A.;Raper, B.A.;Nelson, C. 1992 Do low incubation temperatures yield females in painted turtles? Canadian Journal of Zoology 70 391-394 tsd; sex ratio; pivotal Journal Article ETGES, F.J. 1991 Clinostomum attenuatum (Digenea) from the eye of Bufo marinus J. Parasitol. 77 4 634-635 Amphibia, anura, Bufo marinus, infection, trematode Clinostomum attenuatum , eye FJ Etges, Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 Journal Article Etheridge, K. 1990 The energetics of estivating siren salamanders (Siren lacertina and Pseudobranchus striatus) Herpetologica 46 407-414 Journal Article Etheridge, K. 1990 Water balance in estivating sirenid salamanders (Siren lacertina) Herpetologica 46 400-406 Journal Article Etheridge, Richard;Wiliams, Ernest E. 1991 A review of the South American lizard genera Urostrophus and Anisolepis (Squamata: Iguania: Polychridae) Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 152 5 317-361 Polychridae; Urostrophus; Anisolepis; Urostrophus gallardoi n. sp.; New species; Systematics; Phylogeny; Key; Distribution; South America Journal Article Etheridge, Richard E. 1992 A new Psammophilius lizard of the genus Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Northwestern Argentina Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali - Torino 10 1 1-19 South America; Argentina; Liolaemus laurenti n. sp.; Distribution Journal Article Ettling, Jeff 1992 Captive husbandry and reproduction of the blood python, Python curtus Captive Breeding 1 1 12-15 Python curtus Journal Article Ewald, D. A.;Roper, S. D. 1992 Intercellular signaling in Necturus taste buds: chemical excitation of receptor cells elicits responses in basal cells J Neurophysiol 67 5 1316-24 Animal; Cell Membrane/physiology; Fluorescent Dyes; Isoquinolines; Necturus maculosus; Receptors, Sensory/*physiology; *Signal Transduction; Stimulation, Chemical; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Synapses/physiology; Taste Buds/cytology/*physiology 1. Taste cells in intact taste buds in slices of Necturus lingual epithelium were impaled with microelectrodes for intracellular recording. Two types of cells were investigated: taste receptor cells and basal cells. 2. Impaling cells in the apical end of taste buds resulted in intracellular records from taste receptor cells. Applying short pulses (100- to 200-ms duration) of 140 mM KCl solution to the apical pore elicited receptor potentials in the taste receptor cells. 3. Impaling cells in the base of the taste bud resulted in intracellular records from taste receptor cells and basal cells. KCl applied to the taste pore elicited responses in the basal region that varied greatly in both magnitude and time of onset. The latency of these responses (time of onset compared with the onset of the receptor potential) ranged from 0 to hundreds of milliseconds. 4. Impaled cells were identified by injecting Lucifer yellow after recording KCl responses for 21 cells. KCl responses recorded from identified basal cells all had latencies of greater than 75 ms. KCl responses from identified receptor cells all had latencies of less than 75 ms. 5. One explanation for the long latency of KCl responses recorded in basal cells is that the responses represent postsynaptic potentials. In agreement with this interpretation, long-latency responses, but not short-latency responses, were reversibly reduced by the Ca antagonist Cd (1 mM, 10- to 20-min bath exposure). 6. Long-latency responses also differed from short-latency responses in their voltage dependence. Short-latency responses had the same voltage dependence as apically recorded receptor potentials, increasing with hyperpolarization from resting potential with an extrapolated reversal potential near 0 mV. Long-latency responses were much less dependent on voltage in this range. 7. We measured the spread of exogenously applied KCl with potassium-sensitive electrodes. Long-latency responses were not generated by diffusion of applied KCl to the basal region of the taste bud. A small transient increase in extracellular potassium occurred at the base of the taste bud after chemostimulation at the apical pore. This increase was due to depolarization-evoked release of potassium from taste cells and did not cause the long-latency responses in basal cells. 8. We conclude that short-latency (less than 75 ms) responses recorded from cells situated in the bases of taste buds are electrotonically conducted receptor potentials generated at the apical region. Long-latency (greater than 75 ms) responses are consistent with recording postsynaptic responses in basal cells. Journal Article Ewert, M.A.;Nelson, C.E. 1991 Sex determination in turtles: diverse patterns and some possible adaptive values Copeia 1991 1 50-69 sex ratio; conservation Journal Article Ewing, P.J.;al., et. 1991 Myxosarcoma in a Sinaloan Milksnake. JAVMA 199 12 Reptilia, serpentes, milksnake, pathology, tumor, myxosarcoma Journal Article Ewing, P.J. , e.a. , 1992 Myxosarcoma in a Sinaloan milksnake JAVMA 199 12 1775-1776 reptilia squamata serpentes colubridae ,Lampropeltis ,tumor * Journal Article Exbrayat, J. M.;Morel, G. 1990 The cytological modifications of the distal lobe of the hypophysis in Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Dumeril and Bibron, 1841), amphibia gymnophiona, during the cycles of seasonal activity: II. In adult females Biological Structures and Morphogenesis 3 4 129-138 Gonadotropic Cell; Lactotropic Cell; Corticotropic Cell; Somatotropic Cell; Sexual Cycle The cytological modifications of four cell types have been studied in the distal lobe of the hypophysis in Typhonectes compressicaudus female. The gonadotrophic cells are developed during the period of breeding. They decrease progressively during the gestation; their size reach a minimum at parturition. During the period of sexual inactivity their size is minimal. Lactotrophic cells have a similar cycle but the variations of size are less important. The corticotropic and somatotrophic cells are developed during the breeding period then they become very small. During sexual inactivity, these cells reach a new maximal size in August. In pregnant females, they do not show any important volumetric variations. Journal Article Fabrezi, M.;Lavilla, E.O. 1990 Anatomia del condrocraneo en larvas de tres especies de Telmatobius del grupo meridional (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Physis 48 39-46 Journal Article Fabrezi, Marissa 1992 El carpo de los anouros. [The carpal of the anurans] Alytes 10 1 1-29 pleurodema cinerea phyllomedusa sauvagii gastrotheca gracilis dermatonotus muelleri leptodactylus latinasus telmatobufo venustus Journal Article Fabrezi, M.;Lavilla., E. O. 1992 Estructura del condrocráneo y esqueleto hiobranquial en larvas de algunos hílidos neotropicales (Anura: Hylidae) Acta Zool. Lilloana 41 155-164 Journal Article Faivovich, Julián;Carrizo, Gustavo R. 1992 Descripción de la larva de Chacophrys pierotti (Vellard, 1948) (Leptodactylidae, Ceratophryinae). [Description of the larvae of Chacophrys pierotti (Vellard, 1948) (Leptodactylidae, Ceratophryinae)] Alytes 10 3 81-89 lepidobatrachus ceratophrys Journal Article Farkas, B. 1992 Wiederentdeckung eines Exemplars von Rafetus swinhoei (Gray, 1873) in Naturhistorischen Museum Wien Salamandra, Bonn 28 2 145-152 Rafetus swinhoei Journal Article Farr, Daniel R.;Gregory, Patrick T. 1991 Sources of variation in estimating litter characteristics of the garter snakes,Thamnophis elegans Journal of Herpetology 25 3 261-268 reproduction, young, snakes, populations, techniques, gravid Journal Article Farrell, Brian;Mitter, Charles 1990 Phylogenesis of insect/plant interactions: have Phyllobrotica leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) and the lamiales diversified in parallel? Evolution 44 6 1389-1403 coevolution Journal Article Farrell, Jim 1991 Some natural history observations of raven behavior and predation on desert tortoises [abstract only] Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1987-1991 168 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Fauth, J. E. 1990 Interactive effects of predators and early larval dynamics of the treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis Ecology 71 1609-1616 Journal Article Fauth, J. R.;Resetarits, W. J.;Wilbur., H. M. 1990 Interactions between larval salamanders: a case of competitive equality Oikos 58 91-99 Journal Article Fauth, J. R.;Resetarits., W. J. 1991 Interactions between the salamanders Siren intermedia and the keystone predator Notophthalmus viridescens Ecology 72 827-887 Journal Article Fauth, J. E.;Resetarits., W. J. 1991 Interactions between the salamander Siren intermedia and the keystone predator Notophthalmus viridescens Ecology 72 827-838 Journal Article Fábregas, J.;López, A.;Llovo, J.;Muñoz, A. 1992 A comparative study of seafish erythrocytes and agglutinins from seaweeds Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 103A 2 307-313 tsd; esd Book Feder, Martin E.;Burggren, Warren W. 1992 Environmental Physiology of the Amphibians University of Chigago Press viii, 646 Book Fei, L.;Ye, C.-Y.;Huang, Y.-Z. 1990 Key to Chinese Amphibians 364 China; Chinese; Key; Distribution; Amphibia Journal Article Fei, Liang;Ye, Changyuan 1990 Intergeneric relationships and diversification of the high-altitude peobatid toads in Asia and their relation with the formation of Qinghai-Xiz and Pleateau (Amphibia: Pelobatidae) Acta Zoologica Sinica 36 420-428 Amphibia, anura, megophryidae, megophryinae, intergeneric relationships, diversification, characters Journal Article Fei, Liang;Ye, Changyuan 1992 Two new species of pelobatid toads of genus Leptolalax from Yunnan province of China (Amphibia: Anura) Acta Biologica Plateau Sinica 11 6 45-54 Amphibia, anura, Megophryidae, Leptolalax, pelodytoides, Leptolalax, bourreti, Leptolalax, gracilis, Leptolalax, heteropus, Leptolalax, oshanensis, Leptolalax alpinus, Leptolalax ventripunctatus, China, Yunnan Journal Article Fei, Liang;Ye, Changyuan;Wei, Gang;Xu, Ning 1992 Study on the phylogenetic relationship between species of Scutiger genus in Qinghai-xizang Pleatuea (Amphibian: Pelobatidae) Acta Herpetologica Sinica 27-39 Amphibia, anura, megophryidae, megophryinae, intergeneric relationships, Scutiger, diversification, characters Journal Article Feldner, Jerrold J. 1992 A case of simple destruction Sonoran Herpetologist 5 12 116 collecting Journal Article Fellers, G. M.;Drost, C. A. 1990 Ecology of the Island Night Lizard, Xantusia riversiana, on Santa Barbara Island, California Herpetological Monograph No. 4 28-78 lizards, night, natural history Journal Article Fellers, Gary M.;Drost, Charles A. 1991 Xantusia riversianna Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 518 1-4 Journal Article Feng, A. S.;Lin., W. 1991 Differential innervation patterns of three divisions of frog auditory midbrain (torus semicircularis) Journal of Comparative Neurology 306 613-630 Journal Article Feng, A. S.;Hall, J. C.;Siddique, S. 1991 Coding of temporal parameters of complex sounds by frog auditory nerve fibers Journal of Neurophysiology 65 3 424-445 neuroethology, Amphibia, Anura, acoustic communication, Journal Article Feng, A.;Lin, W. Y. 1991 Differential innervation patterns of three divisions of frog auditory midbrain (Torus semicircularis) Journal of Comparative neurology 306 613-630 neuroethology, Amphibia, acoustic communication, Anura, Journal Article Fenwick, H. 1990 Care and management of captive sick chelonians Testudo 3 2 25-32 testu,vet,vit WP x Journal Article Ferguson, Gary;Murphy, James;Hudson, Richard 1991 The quest for the Mount Kenya muriyu Vivarium 3 1 18-22;36-38 Chamaeleo jacksonii Journal Article Ferguson, Gary W.;Blades, John 1991 Keeping Old World chameleons in captivity Vivarium 3 2 18-29 Chamaeleo Book Section Ferguson, R.A. 1992 A radiotelemetry and mark recapture experiment to assess the survival of juvenile crocodiles released from farms into the wild in Zimbabwe Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 98-106 Book Section Ferguson, M.W.J.;Noble, R.C.;McCartney, R. 1992 Lipid and fatty acid compositional differenal between eggs of wild and captive breeding alligators (Alligator mississippiensis): An association with reduced hatchability Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 97 Journal Article Ferguson, Mark W J 1992 Temperature dependent sex determination in alligators: Phenomenon, mechanisms and evolution Journal of Reproduction and Fertilization Abstract Service 9 5 Journal Article Ferretti, P.;Brockes, J. P. 1990 The monoclonal antibody 22/18 recognizes a conformational change in an intermediate filament of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, during limb regeneration Cell Tissue Res 259 3 483-93 Animal; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology; Cells, Cultured; Extremities/*physiology; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Intermediate Filament Proteins/*analysis/immunology; Notophthalmus viridescens; Protein Conformation; *Regeneration Previous work has shown that the monoclonal antibody 22/18 identifies progenitor cells (blastemal cells) which depend on the nerve for their division in the early stages of limb regeneration in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. This antibody also reacts with cultured cells derived from the newt limb, and the intensity of immunoreactivity appears related to cell density and differentiation into myotubes. We report here that the monoclonal antibody 22/18 recognizes a polypeptide (22/18 antigen) which is intracellular and filamentous. Double staining of cells with 22/18 monoclonal antibody and antibodies against various cytoskeletal components indicates that the epitope is expressed on an intermediate filament component. Although this antibody is specific for blastemal cells in cryostat sections of the regenerating limb, its reactivity on immunoblots is not confined to this tissue. The 22/18 antigen is differentially affected by aldehyde fixatives distinguished by the spacing of their reactive groups. While formaldehyde fixation impairs detection of the antigen, ethylene glycol-bis[succinic acid n- hydroxysuccinimide ester] reveals the antigen in sections of normal and regenerating limbs in a distribution that is consistent with the one obtained from immunoblots. We suggest that the 22/18 monoclonal antibody detects a change in protein conformation, probably related to changes in the physiological state of the cell, that occurs transiently during regeneration and possibly during development. Journal Article Fetcho, J. R.;Reich, N. T. 1992 Axial motor organization in postmetamorphic tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum): a segregation of epaxial and hypaxial motor pools is not necessarily associated with terrestrial locomotion Brain Behav Evol 39 4 219-28 Ambystoma/*anatomy & histology; Animal; Axons/ultrastructure; Locomotion/*physiology; Metamorphosis, Biological/*physiology; Motor Neurons/*ultrastructure; Muscles/*innervation; Species Specificity; Spinal Cord/*anatomy & histology; Spinal Nerves/anatomy & histology The axial motor column has undergone a major reorganization during the evolution of vertebrates. In aquatic anamniotes including lampreys, goldfish, and mudpuppies, epaxial and hypaxial motoneurons are intermingled in the column. In contrast, epaxial and hypaxial motoneurons are spatially segregated in water snakes, rats, and monkeys, apparently as a consequence of an isomorphic mapping of motoneuron location onto the position of innervated muscle in the embryonic myotome. The presence of these two very different arrangements of motoneurons requires a major restructuring of the motor column during vertebrate evolution. The time of this reorganization is unknown. All amniotes studied to date have an epaxial/hypaxial segregation, and all anamniotes do not, suggesting that the map arose with the origin of amniotes. All the anamniotes examined previously were permanently aquatic, however, and the map might therefore be associated with terrestrial locomotion. If so, we would expect terrestrial anamniotes to have an arrangement of motoneurons like that in amniotes. We studied the organization of motoneurons innervating the trunk muscles of postmetamorphic, terrestrial tiger salamanders and asked whether their motor columns are more like those of amniotes or those of aquatic anamniotes. The motor column in tiger salamanders is similar to that seen in aquatic anamniotes and very like that in mudpuppies--permanently aquatic salamanders. There are several classes of motoneurons with morphological similarities to the primary and secondary motoneurons characteristic of aquatic anamniotes. Epaxial and hypaxial motoneurons show no obvious morphological differences and occupy extensively overlapping positions in the motor column. The only epaxial/hypaxial distinction is the presence of a few, small, relatively undifferentiated motoneurons located subadjacent to the ependymal layer. These motoneurons are filled only by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to hypaxial nerves. They are probably newly born motoneurons, and their presence suggests continued addition of motoneurons, even in adult salamanders. We conclude that the epaxial/hypaxial segregation seen in amniotes is not necessarily associated with terrestrial locomotion. The segregation and the topographic map it reflects may have arisen in conjunction with the origin of amniotes. If they instead arose prior to the origin of extant amphibians, they must have been secondarily lost in those salamanders studied to date. An examination of the motor column of other amphibians should help to resolve this issue. Journal Article Fiegel, Jr., C. R. ;Semlitsch, R. D. 1991 Effects of nonlethal injury and habitat complexity on predation in tadpole populations Can. J. Zool. 69 830-834 Crayfish, Hyla chrysoscelis, tadpoles Journal Article Field, Ray 1990 Developing husbandry techniques to breed pythons in captivity Herpetofauna 20 2 18-22 Aspidites melanocephalus; Liasis childreni; Liasis fuscus; Liasis olivaceus; Morelia amethistina; Morelia spilota; Chondropython viridis Journal Article Fielden, L. J.;Rechav, Y.;Bryson, N. R. 1992 Acquired immunity to larvae of Amblyomma marmoreum and A. hebraeum by tortoises, guinea-pigs and Guinea-fowl Med Vet Entomol 6 3 251-254 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, acari, tick, Amblyomma hebraeum, resistance A study of acquired resistance in guinea-pigs, guinea- fowl and tortoises to larvae of the ticks Amblyomma hebraeum Koch and A marmoreum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) showed that repeated infestations of the laboratory host resulted in a 29.3-49.4% reduction respectively in weight of engorged larvae. No resistance was induced in guinea-fowl, the natural host for larvae of both species. A small decline in the mean weight of engorged larvae was observed for both species of ticks after three successive infestations on tortoises. The reduction in weight was more pronounced in A. hebraeum (14.5%) which does not naturally feed on tortoises than for A. marmoreum (8.4%), a common tick on this host. The occurrence of acquired resistance in natural tick host relationships as opposed to unnatural tick host relationships is discussed. Journal Article Fife, Richard 1990 Keeping leopard tortoises in southern Arizona (Geochelone pardalis) Vivarium 2 4 8-11 Geochelone pardalis Journal Article Figiel, C. R., Jr.;Semlitsch., R. D. 1990 Population variation in survival and metamorphosis of larval salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) in the presence and absence fish predation Copeia 1990 818-826 Journal Article Figiel, C. R., Jr.;Semlitsch., R. D. 1991 Effects of nonlethal injury and habitat complexity on predation in tadpole populations Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 830-834 Journal Article Fijan, N.;Matasin, Z.;Petrinec, Z.;Valpotic, I.;Zwillenberg, L.O. 1991 Isolation of an iridovirus-like agent from the green frog (Rana esculenta L.) Veterinarski arhiv 61 3 151-158 Amphibia, anura, green frog, Rana esculenta, infection, virus, irido-virus-like Reprint Endnote 95/26 Journal Article Filipovic, D.;Sackin, H. 1991 A calcium-permeable stretch-activated cation channel in renal proximal tubule Am J Physiol 260 1 Pt 2 F119-29 Animal; Calcium/pharmacology/*pharmacokinetics; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*physiology; Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects/*physiology; Electric Conductivity/drug effects/physiology; Gadolinium/pharmacology; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*physiology/ultrastructure; Kinetics; Mechanoreceptors/*drug effects/physiology; Membrane Potentials/drug effects/physiology; Necturus maculosus; Potassium/pharmacokinetics; Potassium Channels/drug effects/physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Isolated Necturus proximal tubules were split to expose the apical membrane surface for patch clamping. When both pipette and bath solutions contained only Ca, N-methyl-D-glucamine, and methanesulfonate, inwardly directed Ca currents were observed through a stretch-activated (SA) cation channel with conductance of 18 +/- 1 pS (n = 19). The SA cation channel exhibited little discrimination among Na, K, and Ca but was at least nine times more selective for cations than anions. The channel was not significantly gated by either membrane potential or cytosolic Ca. However, application of 15 cmH2O suction to patch pipette significantly increased the mean number of open channels by a factor of 6.5, from 0.04 +/- 0.02 to 0.26 +/- 0.08 (n = 11). Ca currents through the SA cation channel were reversibly blocked by 10 microM gadolinium, which was applied to outside surface of excised patches. This is similar to gadolinium block of stretch-activated channels in Xenopus oocytes (X.-C. Yang and F. Sachs. Science Wash. DC 243: 1068-1071, 1989). A Ca-dependent, maxi-K channel (92 +/- 9 pS, n = 5) was also found at the apical membrane of the same proximal tubules. In some cases this maxi-K channel appeared to be indirectly activated by pipette suction, raising the possibility that Ca influx through the SA cation channel may regulate K efflux via the maxi-K channel. Such a process could mediate cell volume regulation and maintain electrolyte homeostasis during normal variations in Na-substrate cotransport. Journal Article Filipovic, D.;Sackin, H. 1992 Stretch- and volume-activated channels in isolated proximal tubule cells Am J Physiol 262 5 Pt 2 F857-70 Animal; Electrophysiology; Homeostasis; In Vitro; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology/*metabolism; Kinetics; Mesylates/pharmacology; Necturus maculosus; Physical Stimulation; Potassium Channels/*metabolism/physiology; Suction; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Apical and basolateral channels were studied in isolated proximal tubule cells of Necturus kidney. Many of these isolated cells maintained their polarity, with clearly delineated apical and basolateral regions. A 20-pS stretch-activated (SA) cation-selective channel was identified at the apical side of these cells. This channel was permeable to Ca, K, and Na but was not significantly gated by either membrane potential or cytosolic Ca. Negative pipette pressure (15 cmH2O) increased the open probability (Po) of this channel from 0.04 +/- 0.02 to 0.26 +/- 0.08 (n = 6). Two types of Ca-independent, mechanosensitive, K-selective (SAK) channels were identified at the basolateral surface of polarized proximal tubule cells, i.e., a 30-pS long-open time (50 +/- 7 ms) channel (n = 9), and a 46-pS short-open time (1.3 +/- 0.7 ms) channel (n = 10). Pipette suction (-12 cmH2O) increased the Po of the short-open time channels from 0.008 to 0.015 and increased the Po of the long-open time channel from 0.03 to 0.19. The effect of swelling was studied with isolated cells suspended at the tip of patch pipettes. A 50% dilution of the bath doubled cell volume, hyperpolarized the membrane potential by 11 +/- 0.7 mV, and increased the Po of the basolateral SAK channels. This was followed by a spontaneous regulatory volume decrease (RVD), repolarization of the membrane potential, and a decrease in Po. In contrast, isosmotic (bath side) replacement of an impermeant anion (methanesulfonate) with a permeant anion (Cl) doubled cell volume in 5 min but without a subsequent RVD. This sustained swelling hyperpolarized the cell potential by 5.5 +/- 0.7 mV (n = 16) and increased the Po of short-open time channel by a factor of 2.3 from 0.03 +/- 0.01 to 0.07 +/- 0.02 (n = 6). The increase in Po was primarily produced by a reduction in the interburst closed time, which decreased from 142 +/- 43 ms in K methanesulfonate to 36 +/- 11 ms in KCl solutions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cell swelling activates Ca- independent K channels at the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubule. Efflux of K through these channels may partially mediate renal cell volume regulation. Journal Article Fincke, O. M. 1992 Consequences of larval ecology for territoriality and reproductive success of a neotropical damselfly Ecology 73 April invertebrates, insects, Odonata, Pseudostigmatidae, treehole, breeding, larvae, Megaloprepus coerulatus, oviposition, territoriality, reproductive success, cannibalism, competition, survivorship Journal Article Fincke, O. M. 1992 Interspecific competition for tree holes: Consequences for mating systems and coexistence in neotropical damselflies American Naturalist 139 1 80-101 invertebrates, insects, Odonata, Pseudostigmatidae, mate searching, larvae, habitats, growth, territoriality, seasonality, oviposition Book Section Fincke, O. M. 1992 Behavioural ecology of the giant damselflies of Barro Colorado Island, Panama (Odonata: Zygoptera: Pseudostigmatidae) Arias, D. Q. and Aiello, A. Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies Oxford Oxford University Press 102-113 invertebrates, insects, distribution, larvae, habitats, treehole, seasonality, feeding, reproductive behavior, strategies Journal Article Findeis, Eric K.;Bemis, William E. 1990 Functional morphology of tongue projection in Taricha torosa (Urodela: Salamandridae) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 99 129-157 Journal Article Fischer, R.U.;Mazzotti, F.J.;Congdon, J.D.;Gatten, R.E., Jr. 1991 Post-hatching yolk reserves: Parental investment in American alligators from Louisiana J. Herpetol. 25 2 253-256 AM, reproduction, embryology, parentalcare, Journal Article Fischer, R. U. ;Mazzotti, F. J.;Congdon, J. D.;R. E. Gatten, Jr. 1991 Post-hatching yolk reserves: Parental investment in American alligators from Louisiana Journal of Herpetology 25 2 253-256 reptiles, eggs, energetics Journal Article Fischer, Robert U.;Mazzotti, Frank J.;Congdon, Justin D.;Gatten, Robert E. 1991 Post-hatching yolk reserves: parental investment in American alligators from Louisiana Journal of Herpetology 25 253-256 Book Fischer, E.;Hinkel, H. 1992 Natur Ruandas/La natur du Rwanda Mainz Ministerium des Innern und für Sport 452 Journal Article Fishwild, T. G.;R. A. Schemidt, K. M. Jankens, K. A. Berven, G. J. Gamboa;Richards., C. M. 1990 Sibling recognition by larval frogs (Pseudacris crucifer, Rana pipiens, R. sylvatica). Journal of Herpetology 24 40-44 Journal Article Fishwild, T. G.;R. A. Schemidt, K. M. Jankens, K. A. Berven, G. J. Gamboa;Richards., C. M. 1990 Sibling recognition by larval frogs (Rana pipiens, R. sylvatica and Pseudacris crucifer). Journal of Herpetology 24 40-44 Journal Article FITGERALD, S.D. ;e.a. 1990 A caudal coiling syndrome associated with lymphocytic epaxial perineuritis in newborn boa constrictors Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 21 4 485-489 reptilia, squamata, serpentes, Boa, neurology, tail coiling * Journal Article Fitzgerald, Mark 1990 Rattus rattus: the introduced black rat, a successful predator on the introduced cane toad Bufo marinus in northern New South Wales Herpetofauna 20 2 9-14 Bufo marinus; Rattus rattus; Predation Book Section Fitzgerald, Lee A.;Chani, José Maria;Donadío, Oscar E. 1991 Tupinambis lizards in Argentina: Implementing management of a traditionally exploited resource Robinson, J. and Redofrd, K. Neotropical Wildlife: Use and Conservation Chicago University of Chicago Press 303-317 Book Section Fitzgerald, Lee A.;Chani, J. M.;Donadio, O. E. 1991 Tupinambis Lizards in Argentina: implementing management of a traditionally exploited resource Robinson, J. and Redford, K. Neotropical Wildlife: Use and Conservation Chicago University of Chicago Press 303-316 Journal Article Fitzsimmons, Colin 1992 Conservation corner Reptilian 1 2 7-8 Journal Article Fläschendräger, Axel 1990 Anolis bahorucoensis bahorucoensis (Noble & Hassler, 1933) - ein bemerkenswerter Saumfinger aus der Dominikanischen Republik Herpetofauna 12 64 6-10 Anolis bahorucoensis; Dominican Republic Journal Article Fläschendräger, Axel 1992 Zur Kenntnis des mittelamerikanischen Wasseranolis - Anolis oxylophus Cope, 1875 Herpetofauna 14 77 27-32 Anolis oxylophus Journal Article Fleck, J. 1992 Keeping and breeding the newt Tylotriton kweichowiensis (FANG & CHANG, 1932) Haltung und Nachzucht von Tylotriton kweichowiensis (FANG & CHANG, 1932) Salamandra 28 2 97-105 Amphibia, urodeles, newt,Tylotriton kweichowiensis , management, reproduction lurch,zucht,syst,vet,paras PF x Journal Article Fleishman, Leo J. 1992 The influence of the sensory system and the environment on motion patterns in the visual displays of anoline lizards and other vertebrates American Naturalist 139 Suppl. S36-S61 Journal Article Fleming, Ian A.;Gross, Mart R. 1990 Latitudinal clines: A trade-off between egg number and size in Pacific salmon Ecology 71 1 1-11 Journal Article Fleming, A. F.;Wyk, J. H. Van 1992 The female reproductive cycle of the lizard Cordylus p. polyzonus (Sauria: Cordylidae) in the southwestern Cape Province, South Africa Journal of Herpetology 26 2 121-127 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, hormones, season, variation, Journal Article Fletcher, M. D.;Cochran, B. G. 1990 Ambystoma texanum (smallmouth salamander) Herpetological Review 21 4 95 Journal Article Fletemeyer, J. R. 1990 Kemp's ridley sea turtle nests in Palm Beach Fla. Nat. 63 5 Thesis Fletemeyer, J. 1991 The nesting imperative: conflicts between humans and sea turtles on southeast Florida beaches Journal Article Flood , P.F. , e.a. , 1992 Androgens in the faeces of male muskoxen First International Symposium on Faecal Steroid Monitoring in Zoo animals 84-89 mammalia artiodactyla bovidae ,Ovibos ,testosterone ,cortisol Proceedings* Journal Article Flores Villela, Oscar;Hernández García, Efraín;Montes de Oca, Adrián Nieto 1991 Catalogo de Anfibios y Reptiles Serie Catalogos del Museo de Zoologia "Alfonso L. Herrera" 3 xiv, 222 Journal Article Flores Villela, Oscar;Brandon, Ronald A. 1992 Siren lacertina (Amphibia: Caudata) in Northeastern Mexico and Southern Texas Annals of Carnegie Museum 61 4 289-291 Journal Article Flores-villela, Oscar;Muñoz-Alonso, Antonio 1990 Anolis omiltemanus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 490 1-2 Journal Article Flores-Villela, Oscar;Brandon, Ronald A. 1992 Siren lacertina (Amphibia: Caudata) in Northeastern Mexico and Southern Texas Annals of Carnegie Museum 61 4 289-291 Texas; Mexico; Morphology; Siren lacertina; Siren intermedia Journal Article Flugi, Ursula 1990 Bericht über die Haltung und Nachzucht des Storr'schen Zwergwarans (Varanus storri Mertens, 1966) Herpetofauna 12 67 31-34 Varanus storri Journal Article Fluker, K. 1990 Leesburg housing development poses threat to 1,200 tortoises Reprinted in League Fla. Herpetol. Soc. Newsl. November 27 Journal Article Foa, A.;Tosini, G.;Avery, R. 1992 Seasonal and diel cycles of activity in the ruin lizard, Podarcis sicula Herpetol J 2 3 86-89 Reptilia, sauria, ruin lizard, Podarcis sicula, physiology, activity, cycles Near Piza, Italy, the ruin lizard, (Podarcis sicula ) was seen during all months, but in significantly reduced numbers in Jan, Feb. Nov. and Dec. Bimodality in the activity pattern was particularly pronounced in the hottest months. The autors point to difficulties in measuring the activity of lizards from moments they are seen. It is most likely that at the peak of activity, reptiles are out of eye-sight Journal Article Foard, T.;Auth., D. L. 1990 Food habits and gut parasites of the salamander Stereochilus marginatus Journal of Herpetology 24 428-431 Book Section Foggin, C.M. 1992 Disease trends on crocodile farms in Zimbabwe Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 107-110 Journal Article Foley, W.J;Boulskila, A.;Sholnik, A.;Choshniak, I. 1992 Microbial digestion in the herbivorous lizard Uromastix aegyptius (Agamidae) J. Zool. Lond. 226 387-398 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Uromastix aegyptius, digestion, nutrition, feeding, Reprint Endnote 93/24 Journal Article Fontaine, Clark T.;Williams, Jo A.;Caillouet, Charles W., Jr. 1990 General information about sea turtle research at the NMFS Galveston Laboratory NOAA Technical Memorandum SEFC-NMFS-259 1-9 Journal Article Foote, J.J.;V.L. Wiese, T.L. East, J.F. Sprinkel, J.F. McCarthy 1991 Loggerhead turtle nesting data from a five year tagging program on Casey and Manasota Keys Fla. Sci. 54 Suppl. 1 16 Journal Article Ford, Neil B.;Cobb, Vincent A.;Lamar, William W. 1990 Reproductive data on snakes from northeastern Texas The Texas Journal of Science 42 4 355-368 Agkistrodon contotrix, Storeria dekayi, snakes, reproduction, northeastern Texas, offspring size variation Journal Article Ford, Neil B.;Cobb, Vincent A.;Lamar, William W. 1990 Reproductive data on snakes from northeastern Texas More Key Words: Cemophora, Coluber, Herterodon, Masticophis, Micrurus, Opheodrys, The Texas Journal of Science 42 4 355-368 Agkistrodon, Nerodia, Sistrurus, Storeria, Thamnophis, Virgina Journal Article Ford, Neil B.;Cobb, Vincent A.;Stout, Jim 1991 Species diversity and seasonal abundance of snakes in a mixed pine-hardwood forest of eastern Texas The Southwestern Naturalist 36 2 171-177 populations, community, snakes, pit traps, drift fences Journal Article Ford, N. B.;Cobb, V. 1992 Timing of courtship in two colubrid snakes of the southern United States Copeia 1992 2 573-577 reptiles, snakes, Thamnophis marcianus, sirtalis, hibernation, behavior Journal Article Forester, Don C.;Wisnieski, Anthony 1991 The significance of airborne olfactory cues to the recognition of home area by the dart-poison frog Dendrobates pumilio Journal of Herpetology 25 502-504 olfactory, airborne, recognition, home area, dart-poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio Journal Article Formanowicz, Daniel R., Jr.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr.;Campbell, Jonathan A. 1990 Intraspecific aggression in Abronia vasconcelosii (Sauria, Anguidae), a tropical, arboreal lizard Biotropica 22 4 391-396 behavior guatemala Journal Article Forsman, Anders 1991 Adaptive variation in head size in Vipera berus L. populations Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 43 281-296 Vipera berus; morphology; head size Book Forsyth, Adrian 1990 Portraits of the Rainforest Camden house 156 Journal Article Fourcade, Patricia 1990 Survivance de Thériaques et d'alcools de Vipères dans la Pharmacopée populaire Française de la fin du XXème siècle Bulletin de la Société Herpétologique de France 56 49-56 Journal Article Fox, S. F.;Heger, N. A.;Delay, L. S. 1990 Social cost of tail loss in Uta stansburiana: lizard tails as status-signalling badges Animal Behaviour 39 549-554 Reptiles, lizards, tail loss, caudal autotomy, social, aggression, display, costs, Texas Journal Article Fox, S. F. 1992 The dear enemy phenomenon in the collared lizard, Crotaphytus collaris, with a cautionary note on the experimental methodology Animal Behaviour reptiles, behavior, competition, display Journal Article Fox, H. 1992 Figures of Eberth in the amphibian larval epidermis Journal of Morphology 212 1 87-97 Ichthyophis; Typhlonectes; Anuran; Urodele; Embryo; Cytokeratin; Cellular Division; Sloughing Figures of Eberth are prominent extensive filamentous structures in the basal epidermal cells of larval amphibians. They are compared and contrasted qualitatively and quantitatively in a number of species of the three groups of living amphibians. Fully developed Figures consist of massive skeins of tonofilaments oriented in three dimensions and hinged on hemidesmosomes within the cell. The overall appearance of the Figures is similar in anurans, urodeles and Ichthyophis among the apodans. However, in terms of size and number per unit length of the proximal cell margin, the hemidesmosomes and the thickness or their emergent skeins in anurans and Ichthyophis differ significantly from those parameters in urodeles, a feature that is presumably independent of cell size. Figures are poorly developed or missing in embryos of Typhlonectes, which has no larval stage in its life history. These ubiquitous skeletogenous structures in the aquatic larval amphibians, among other things, could be protective of underlying delicate tissues and act as a stabilizer in bodily movement during swimming. They could also serve as a reserve of cytokeratin for use during later cellular division and sloughing. Journal Article Fraile, B.;Saez, F. J.;Paniagua, R. 1990 The cycle of follicular and interstitial cells (Leydig cells) in the testis of the marbled newt, Triturus marmoratus (Caudata, Salamandridae) J Morphol 204 1 89-101 Ultrastructural examination of the marbled newt (Triturus marmoratus) testis throughout the annual cycle revealed that during the period of testicular quiescence (November-February), primordial germ cells proliferate within cords of filament-rich epithelial cells that will become follicular cells (FCs). Fibroblast-like cells surround the FCs and form the lobule-boundary interstitial cells (ICs). During the period of germ cell development from primordial germ cells to round spermatids (March-June), the FCs surrounding the developing germ cells contain scanty cytoplasm with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and scarce filaments. With spermatid elongation (July-August), the FC size grows, its nucleus becomes irregularly outlined, and its cytoplasm displays abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, residual bodies, lipid droplets, and large vacuoles. After spermatozoon release by the FCs (August-September), the adjacent ICs increase their size and transform into Leydig cells with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with tubular cristae, and lipid droplets. During the period of testicular quiescence (November-February), the Leydig cells undergo involution, eventually developing the morphological attributes of mesenchymal cells. Intermingled among these cells, cords of filament-rich cells are observed. During this period of the cycle, spermatozoon cysts supported by FCs are present. At the beginning of the germ cell proliferation period (March), these spermatozoa are released, and the adjacent ICs undergo a transformation into Leydig cells similar to those observed in August-September. Maturation and involution of ICs occur when testosterone levels are known to be rising and falling, respectively. Journal Article Frangioni, G.;Borgioli, G. 1991 Effect of temperature on the splenic mechanism of respiratory compensation in the newt J. Exp. Zool. 259 3 316-323 Amphibia, urodela, physiology, blood, respiration G Frangioni, Univ Florence, Dept Anim Biol & Genet, I-50125 Florence, Italy Journal Article Frank , L. , e.a , 1992 Comparison of serum cortisol concentration before and after intradermal testing in sedated and nonsedated dogs JAVMA 200 4 507-510 mammalia carnivora canidae ,Canis ,stress ,adrenal gland * Journal Article Frankenberg, Eliezer;Werner, Yehudah L. 1992 Vocal communication in the Reptilia- facts and questions Acta Zool. Lilloana 41 45-62 Acoustical communication, vocal organs, multiple-click advertisements Journal Article Frankenberg, E.;Werner, Y. L. 1992 Egg, clutch and maternal sizes in lizards: intra- and interspecific relations in Near-Eastern Agamidae and Lacertidae Herpetological Journal 2 7-18 reptiles, reproduction, comparative, Journal Article Franz, Richard;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr;Bard, Alice M 1992 The non-marine herpetofauna of Egmont Key, Hillsborough County, Florida Florida Scientist 55 3 179-183 Journal Article Frappell, P.B. ;Daniels, C.B. 1991 Ventilation and oxygen consumption in Agamid lizards Physiological Zoology 64 4 985-1001 Reptilia, Sauria, agama sp., physiology, respiration, O 2 PB Frappell, Mcgill Univ, Dept Physiol, Mcintyre Med Sci Bldg, 3655 Drummond St, Montreal H3G 1Y6, Quebec, Canada Journal Article Frazer, Nat B.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Owens, Timothy J. 1990 Turtle trapping: preliminary tests of conventional wisdom Copeia 1990 4 1150-1152 Turtle, trapping, capture method, SREL, Sherriff's Marsh, reptiles, Michigan Journal Article Frazer, N. B.;Gibbons, J. W.;Greene, J. L. 1990 Exploring Fabens' growth interval model with data on a long-lived vertebrate, Trachemys scripta (Reptilia: Testudinata) Copeia 1990 1 112-118 reptiles, turtles, growth curve, Journal Article Frazer, Nat B.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Greene, Judith L. 1990 Exploring Fabens' growth interval model with data on a long-lived vertebrate Trachemys scripta (Reptilia: Testudinata) Copeia 1990 112-118 Ellenton Bay, Carolina bay, slider turtles Journal Article Frazer, N.B. 1990 Growth, survivorship and longevity of painted turtles Chrysemys picta in a southwestern Michigan marsh American Midland Naturalist 125 245-258 survivorship Journal Article Frazer, Nat B.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Greene, Judith L. 1991 Growth, survivorship and longevity of painted turtles Chrysemys picta in a southwestern Michigan marsh American Midland Naturalist 125 245-258 SREL, Sherriff's Marsh, mark-recapture, turtle, Chrysemys picta, growth, survivorship, longevity, Michigan, reptiles Journal Article Frazer, Nat B.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Greene, Judith L. 1991 Life history and demography of the common mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum in South Carolina, USA Ecology 72 6 2218-2231 Demography, fecundity, Kinosternon subrubrum, life table, survivorship, turtle, SREL, reptiles Journal Article Frazer, N. B.;Gibbons, J. W.;Greene, J. L. 1991 Growth, survivorship and longevity of painted turtles Chrysemys picta in a Southwestern Michigan Marsh American Midland Naturalist 125 245-258 Sherrif's Marsh Journal Article Frazer, Nat B.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Greene, Judith L. 1991 Life history and demography of the common mud turtle Kinsternon subrubrum in South Carolina, USA Ecology 72 2218-2231 Journal Article Frazer, N.B. 1991 Life history and demography of the common mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum in south carolina, USA Ecology 72 6 2218-2231 demography Journal Article Frazer, Nat B. 1992 Sea turtle conservation and halfway technology Conservation Biology 6 2 179-184 Journal Article Frazer, Nat B. 1992 Management options for sea turtles: A demographic approach Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 161 Journal Article Frazer, Nat B. 1992 Head starting as halfway technology: A case study with sea turtles Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 160 Book Section Frazier, S. 1990 Distribution and status of crocodile populations in Irian Jaya, Indonesia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 208-250 Journal Article Freda, J.;Cavdek, V.;McDonald., D. G. 1990 Role of organic complexation in the toxicity of aluminum to Rana pipiens embryos and Bufo americanus tadpoles Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47 217-224 Journal Article Freda, J. 1991 The effects of aluminum and other metals on amphibians Environ. Pollut. 71 305-328 Journal Article Freda, J.;Taylor, D. H. 1992 Behavioral response of amphibian larvae to acidic water J Herpetol 26 4 429-433 Amphibia, anura, ecology, water, pH Five species of amphibian tadpoles (Rana clamitans, Rana sylvatica, Rana pipiens, Pseudacris crucifer, Bufo americanus) which varied in their sensitivity to low pH were exposed to a range of water pH and observed for avoidance behavior and changes in activity levels. All species tested avoided lethally acidic water and all species except Rana sylvatica avoided sublethal levels of acidity. However, the highest pH at which tadpoles avoided acidic water varied with species and appeared to be related to the acid sensitivity of the test species. Pseudacris crucifer displayed a slight but statistically significant decline in activity level, whereas B. americanus greatly increased its activity level during exposure to acidic water. Book Section Freedman, B.;Shackell, N. L. 1992 Amphibians in the context of a National Environmental Monitoring Program Bishop, Christine A. and Pettit, Karen E. Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing a National Monitoring Strategy Ottawa, Ontario Canadian Wildlife Service 101-104 Journal Article Freilich, Jerry E.;Moon, R. L. 1991 The endangered tortoise and the GPS hare: Fast technology comes to a slow critter GIS World 4 6 47-48 jfreilich@rmisp.com Journal Article Freilich, Jerry;Moon, Robert 1992 Satellites and tortoises at Joshua Tree National Monument Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 162 Journal Article Freitas, M. A.;Geno, P. W.;Sumner, L. W.;Cooke, M. E.;Hudiburg, S. A.;Ownby, C. L.;Kaiser, II;Odell, G. V. 1992 Citrate is a major component of snake venoms Toxicon 30 4 461-4 Animal; Citrates/*analysis; Flame Ionization; Mass Fragmentography; Snake Venoms/*chemistry; Snakes; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Citrate has been identified as a major component of snake venoms by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The venoms of Bothrops asper, Crotalus atrox, Crotalus viridis viridis, Crotalus adamanteus, Sistrurus miliarius barbouri, Crotalus horridus horridus, Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix and Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus contain citrate at concentration levels which can serve as effective buffers. Calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, sodium and potassium salts of citrate would be constituents of venom. Journal Article Frenkel, Jack 1992 Culturing Collembola (springtails) American Dendrobatid Group Newsletter 1993 6 1 Book Section Fretey, J. 1992 A technique for identifying adult female leatherback turtles by their injuries Tortues, Soptom Village des Proceedings of the first international congress of chelonian pathology Gonfaron, Var, France 43-56 leatherback Journal Article Frey , F.L. , Mader ,D.R. ,Centofanti ,B.V. , 1991 Interspecific (Lizard:Human) sexual aggression in captive Iguanas (Iguana iguana): 1. A preliminary compilation of eighteen cases Bulletin of the Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians 1 1 4-6 reptilia squamata sauria iguanidae ,Iguana ,pheromones * Journal Article Friend, Carol 1992 Breeding the northern pinesnake Reptilian 1 5 8 Pituophis m. melanoleucus Journal Article Friet, S. C.;Pinder., A. W. 1990 Hypoxia during natural aquatic hibernation of the bullfrog American Zoologist 30 69A Journal Article Frisbe, M. P.;Wyman., R. L. 1992 The effect of environmental pH on sodium balance in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 223 64-68 Journal Article Frisbie, M. P.;Wyman, R. L. 1992 The effect of environmental pH on sodium balance in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 23 1 64-8 Animal; Comparative Study; *Environmental Exposure; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Notophthalmus viridescens/*metabolism; Sodium/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Sodium influx and efflux of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, at two pHs were investigated in efts and adults in water and on land. The sodium efflux rate constant was not affected by pH. Efflux was generally greater under aquatic than terrestrial conditions, and for efts than for adults. In an aquatic setting, both adults and efts were able to maintain sodium balance at pH 5, but exhibited net sodium loss at pH 3. Sodium influx was greater in efts at pH 5 than in any other group. Adults in all treatments lost mass during the experiment, while efts in all treatments were able to maintain body mass. In their normal terrestrial environment, red efts probably avoid substantial sodium fluxes by maintaining a hydrophobic skin, which decreases contact with soil solutions. Journal Article Fritts, Thomas H.;McCoid, Michael J.;Haddock, Robert L. 1990 Risks to infants on Guam from bites of the Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 42 6 607-611 Journal Article Fritts, Thomas H.;McCoid, Michael J. 1991 Predation by the Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis on poultry and other domesticated animals in Guam The Snake 23 75-80 Book Section Fritz, B.;Fritz, J. P.;Ulrich, W. 1990 Flow cytometric determination of changes in cellular DNA content during development of Xenopus laevis Olmo, E. Cytogenetics of Amphibians and Reptiles Basel Birkhäuser 129-133 Journal Article Fritz, Johannes-Peter;Fritz, Barbara 1991 Karyotypic characterization of Varanus yemensis Mertensiella 2 136-142 Reptilia; Varanidae; Varanus yemensis; short term leucocyte culture; karyotype; g-banding; DNA content Journal Article Frolich, L. M.;Schmid, T. M. 1991 Collagen type conservation during metamorphic repatterning of the dermal fibers in salamanders J Morphol 208 1 99-107 Animal; Collagen/*metabolism; Metamorphosis, Biological/*physiology; Skin/anatomy & histology/*metabolism/physiology; Skin Physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Urodela/anatomy & histology/metabolism/*physiology The orientation of the fibers in the dermis of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, undergoes a dramatic repatterning at metamorphosis. The pre-metamorphic, larval dermis is a tight layer composed of crossed fibers that wind helically around the trunk. This condition is retained by neotenic adults which do not undergo metamorphosis. In contrast, the neotenic adults which do not undergo metamorphosis. In contrast, the metamorphosed adult dermis consists of a superficial, loose network of fibers invested with large multicellular glands--the stratum spongiosum- -and a deeper tight layer of fibers--the stratum densum. However, unlike the crossed fibers of the pre-metamorphic dermis, there is no preferred orientation to the fibers in either layer of the post- metamorphic dermis. In order to evaluate whether these two distinctly different fiber patterns are constructed from biochemically similar fibers, the collagen types present in the pre- and post-metamorphic dermis were determined using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Type I collagen is the predominant collagen of the dermis and the same major collagen types are present for all individuals, whether pre- or post-metamorphic. Thus, the major types of collagen that compose the dermal fibers do not change during metamorphic repatterning of the dermis. Journal Article Frolich, L. M.;Biewener., A. A. 1992 Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the functional role of the body axis during terrestrial and aquatic locomotion in the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum Journal of Experimental Biology 162 107-130 Journal Article Frost, Darrel R.;Hillis, David M. 1990 Species in concept and practice: herpetological applications Herpetologica 46 1 87-104 Species concepts, Amphibians, Reptiles, herpetology, genetic distance, taxonomy, systematics Journal Article Frost, D. R. 1990 Book review: Snakes of the world. Volume 1. Synopsis of snake generic names Copeia 1990 reptiles Journal Article Frost, Darrel R.;Hillis, David M. 1990 Species in concept and practice: herpetologica applications Herpetologica 46 1 87-104 species concepts, amphibians, reptiles, Herpetology, genetic distance, biological species concept, evolutionary species concept, phylogenetic species concept Journal Article Frost, Darrel R.;Kluge, Arnold G.;Hillis, David M. 1992 Species in contemporary herpetology: comments on phylogenetic inference and taxonomy Herpetological Review 23 2 46-54 systematics lampropelts pyromelana infralabialis alterna Journal Article Frost, D.F.;D.K., Nichols 1992 Gastric cryptosporidiosis in two ocellated lacertas. Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and the American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians 360-361 reptilia squamata sauria lacertidae/Lacerta lepida/ parasitology/ Cryptosporidia Journal Article Frost, Darrel R. 1992 Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Tropidurus group of lizards (Iguania: Tropidurudae) American Museum Novitates 3033 1-68 Tropidurus Book Frost, Darrel R. 1992 Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Tropidurus group of lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae) New York American Museum of Natural History 3033 68 Iguania, Tropiduridae, Tropidurus, phylogenetics, taxonomy, systematics, anatomy, morphology, distributions, osteology, hemipenes, color, squamation, S. America, 231, phylogeny Journal Article Frost, D. R. 1992 Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Tropidurus group of lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae) American Museum Novitates 3033 1-68 62, Tropidurus, phylogeny, lizard, South America, Iguanis, Tropiduridae Book Frye, Frederic L. 1991 Reptile Care: An Atlas of Diseases and treatments Neptune City, Nj TFH 654 Book Frye, Fredric L. 1991 Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile Husbandry, 2 volumes Malabar, FL Krieger xvi, 325, 16; xx, 326-637, 16 Conference Proceedings Frye, F.L.;Corcoran, J.H. 1991 Lacrimal papillary cystadenoma in an iguana (Iguana iguana ) 179-180 Book Frye, F.L. 1991 Biomedical and surgical aspects of captive reptile husbandry. Malabar, Florida, Krieger Publ. Comp. II Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudiens, crocodylia, BOOK Journal Article Frye, F.L.;Mader, D.R.;Centofanti , B.V. 1991 Interspecific (Lizard:Human) sexual aggression in captive Iguanas (Iguana iguana): 1. A preliminary compilation of eighteen cases Bulletin of the Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians 1 1 4-6 Reptilia, squamata, sauria, iguanidae, Iguana, pheromones * Journal Article Frye, F. L. 1991 Biomedical and surgical aspects of captive reptile husbandry. Vol I + II Krieger Publishing Company vet,vit,echsen,serp,testu,kroko,tech WI x Conference Proceedings Frye, F.L.;Corcoran, J.H. 1991 Spirochaetosis in an Asian box turtle, Cuora flavomarginata. Bad Nauheim 27.-29-9 42-46 3 Animals were newly imported. One showed severely swollen head, neck and forelimbs and died within a few days. The second turtle soon developed similar symptoms. Blood films contained miriads of spirochaetes, which were upon necropsy also found in the liver and kidneys. Lesions were necrosis in liver and spleen. Many glomeruli exhibited multiple adhesions of the Bowman's membranes. The pulmonary air spaces contained a pale staining edema. Journal Article Frye, F. L. 1991 Practical guide for feeding captive reptiles Krieger Publishing Comp vit,serp,echsen,testu,kroko,histo,tech WI x Journal Article FRYE, F. L.;CORCORAN, J. H. 1991 Lacrimal papillary cystadenoma in an iguana (Iguana iguana ) 4. Int. Coll. Path. & Med. Rept. Amph. Bad Nauheim 27-29.9. 179-180 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana iguana, pathology, tumor, cystadenoma, lacrimal, harderian gland Book Frye, Fredric L. 1991 Reptile Care Neptune, NJ TFH xvi, 325, 16; xx, 326-637, 16 Journal Article Frye, Frederic L.;Mader, Douglas R.;Centofanti, Bernard V. 1991 Interspecific (lizard:human) sexual aggression in captive iguanas (Iguana iguana): I. A preliminary compilation of eighteen cases Bulletin of the Association of Amphibian and Reptilian Veterinarians 1 1 4-6 Book Frye, Fredric L. 1991 Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile Husbandry Malabar, FL Krieger xvi, 325, 16; xx, 326-637, 16 Journal Article Frye, F.L.;al., et 1992 Use of a condom as an occlusive bandage in snakes. A new wrinkle on an old resource. J. of Small Exotic Animal Medicine 2 1 13-14 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, skin, wound, bandage Journal Article Frye, F.L./e.a. 1992 Use of a condom as an occlusive bandage in snakes. A new wrinkle on an old resource. J. of Small Exotic Animal Medicine 2 1 13-14 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, skin, wound, bandage Book Frye, Frederick L. 1992 Captive invertebrates: A guide to their biology and husbandry Malabar, FL Krieger xx, 135 Journal Article Fu, Jinzhong;Zhao, Ermi 1990 The validity of Sacalia quadriocellata Asiatic Herpetological Research 3 120-122 emydidae china taxonomy validity Book Section Fuchs, K.-H.;Jelden, D.;Wermuth, H. 1990 On the possibility of a new undescribed crocodilian species from Colombia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 104-110 Journal Article Fuchs, Karl-Heinz;Jelden, Dietrich;Wermuth, Heinz 1991 (1990) Some peculiar caiman skins exported from Colombia, South America (Reptilia: Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) Senckenbergiana Biologica 71 1/3 1-10 Journal Article Fuerst, Isabella M.;Brown, Mary B.;Klein, Paul A. 1992 Seroepidemiological studies on free-ranging desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) with upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) Proceedings of the Desert Tortoise Council Symposium 1992 37 Journal Article Fuerst, Isabelle M.;Brown, Mary B.;Jacobson, E.R.;Collins, B.R.;Klein, P.A. 1992 Studies on an upper respiratory tract disease in free ranging desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Chelonian pathol. Gonfaron, 25-27 April 122-123 Reptilia, testudines, Gopherus agassizii, infection, Mycoplasma, rhinitis, Private collection P. Zwart Journal Article FUKUMOTO, Y. 1990 Sex determination in the Japanese Giant Salamander, Andrias japonicus, by laparoscope under general aneshesia J. Jap. ass. zool. gard. aquar. 31 85-86 *amphibia/cryptobranchidae/*endoscopy 221190 WS DGB Amfibieen 12 Journal Article Fukuyama, K. 1991 Spawning behaviour and male mating tactics of a foam-nesting treefrog, Rhacophorus schlegelii Animal Behaviour 42 193-199 breeding, Anura, Amphibia, calling, vocalizations, sneaking, reproduction Journal Article Fukuyama, Kinji;Kusano, Tamotsu 1992 Factors affecting breeding activity in a stream-breeding frog, Buergeria buergeri Journal of Herpetology 26 1 88-91 Journal Article Furry, Kim;Swain, Tom;Chiszar, David 1991 Strike-induced chemosensory searching and trail following by prairie rattlsnakes (Crotalus viridis) preying upon deer mice (Peromsycus maniculatus): chemical discrimination among individual mice Herpetologica 47 1 69-78 Crotalus, Peromyscus, Redation, Chemical search images Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1990 Notes on the central carpet python Morelia spilota bredli Herpetofauna 20 2 11-14 Morelia spilota bredli Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1991 Possible "double clutching" in Strophurus ciliaris Herpetofauna 21 2 28 Strophurus ciliaris Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1991 Captive breeding of mulga snakes (Pseudechis australis) from Central Australia Herpetofauna 21 2 36-37 Pseudechis australis Journal Article Gabbay, S.;Rosenberg, M.;Warburg, M.R.;Rott, R.;Katz, U. 1992 Developmental Changes in the Heterocellular Epidermis of Pelobates-Syriacus Integument Biol Cell 76 2 185-191 Amphibia; Flask Cells; Mitochondria-Rich Cells; Band-3; Peanut Lectin; Immunocytochemistry; MITOCHONDRIA-RICH CELLS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; FLASK CELLS; SKIN; METAMORPHOSIS; TRANSPORT Edited Book Gabrisch, Karl;Schildger, Bernd;Zwart, Perneel 1991 4th International Colloquim on Pathology and Medicine of Reptiles and Amphibians Giessen, Germany Deutsche Veterinärmedizinishce Gesellschaft e.V. 330 Journal Article Gabrisch, K. 1991 The tortoise in veterinary Praxis: An Overview Die Schildkröte in der Praxis : eine Uebersicht World small anim. vet. assn. Symposium-report 8 -15 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, diseases, survey Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene;McNmara, Greg 1990 A Meiolaniid Turtle from the Pleistocene of Northern Queensland Mem. Qd Mus. 28 1 107-113 Journal Article Gaffney, E.S. 1990 The comparative osteology of the Triassic turtle Proganochelys Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 194 1-263 Book Section Gaffney, E.;Meylan, P. 1991 Primitive pelomedusid turtle Maisey, J. G. Santana Fossils: an illustrated atlas Neptune, NJ TFH Publications 326-339 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S.;Meylan, Peter A.;Wyss, Andre R. 1991 A computer assisted analysis of the relationships of the higher categories of turtles Cladistics 7 313-335 Book Section Gaffney, Eugene S. 1991 The fossil turtles of Australia Vickers-Rich, P.;Monaghan, J. M.;Baird, R. F. and Rich, T. H. Vertebrate Palaeontology of Australasia Lilydale, Victoria, Australia Pioneer Design Studio 704-720 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S. 1991 Book review: The Dinosauria, by D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.) Systematic Zoology 40 378-379 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene;Archer, Michael;White, Arthur 1992 Warkalania, A New Meiolaniid Turtle from the Tertiary Riversleigh Deposits of Queensland, Australia The Beagle, Records of Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 9 1 35-48 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S. 1992 Ninjemys, a new name for "Meiolania " oweni (Woodward), a horned turtle from the Pleistocene of Queensland American Museum Novitates 3049 1-10 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S.;Ye, Xiangkui 1992 Dracochelys, a new cryptodiran turtle from the Early Cretaceous of China American Museum Novitates 3048 1-13 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S.;Meylan, Peter A. 1992 The Transylvanian turtle, Kallokibotion, a primitive cryptodire of Cretaceous Age American Museum Novitates 3040 1-37 Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S.;Archer, Michael;White, Arthur 1992 Warkalania, a new meiolanid turtle from the Tertiary Riversleigh Deposits of Queensland, Australia The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 9 1 35-48 Journal Article Galan, Pedro;Vences, Miguel;Glaw, Frank;Arias, Gustavo Fernandez;Garcia-Paris, Mario 1990 Beobachtungen zur biologie von Alytes obstetricans in Nordwestiberien Herpetofauna 12 65 17-24 Alytes obstetricans; Spain; Biology Journal Article Galán-Regalado, Pedro 1991 Notas sobre la reproduccion de Lacerta monticola (Sauria, Lacertidae) en las zonas costeras de Galicia (Noroeste de España) Revista Española de Herpetología 5 109-123 Book Gallagher, Michael 1990 Snakes of the Arabian Gulf and Oman Oman M. Gallagher 17 Journal Article Gallagher, D. S., Jr.;Dixon, J. R. 1991 Taxonomic revision of the South American lizard genus Kentropyx Spix (Sauria: Teiidae) Estratto dal Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali-Torino 10 1 125-171 reptiles, lizards, taxonomy, morphology, distribution, range, variation Journal Article Gallagher, Daniel Stephen; Jr.;Dixon, James Ray 1992 Taxonomic revision of the South American lizard genus Kentropyx Spix (Sauria: teiidae) Bollettino del Museo regionale di Scienze naturali - Torino 10 1 125-171 South America; Geographic variation; Morphology; Key; Kentropyx altamazonica; Distribution; Kentropyx borckiana; Kentropyx calcarata; Kentropyx paulensis; Kentropyx pelviceps; Kentropyx striata; Kentropyx vanzoi; Kentropyx viridistriga; Taxonomy Journal Article Gallardo, José M.;de Olmedo, Esperanza V. 1992 Anfibios de la Republica Argentina: Ecologia y Comportamiento fauna de agua dulse de la República Argentina 41 1 1-116 Argentina Journal Article Gallardo, J. M. 1992 Una nueva localidad para Bufo variegatus (Günther) (Anura, Bufonidae), Lago La Plata, Chubut, Argentina Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 8 2 Bufo variegatus Book Section Games, I. 1990 Seasonal feeding patterns in two Nile crocodile populations on the Zambezi River Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 9th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0008-6 xvii + 399 pp. 251-267 Book Section Games, I. 1990 Growth curves for the Nile crocodile as estimated by skeletochronology Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 10th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8327-0022-1 xvi + 354 pp. 111-121 Book Section Games, I.;Severre, E. 1992 The status and distribution of crocodiles in Tanzania Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 119-137 Book Section Games, I. 1992 The feeding ecology of two Nile crocodile populations in the Zambezi valley - a project summary Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 11th meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of the IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0132-5. 111-118 Journal Article Ganion, L. R. 1991 Cytoplasmic distribution of poly(A)-containing RNA in developing Necturus maculosus oocytes with reference to annulate lamellae Anat Rec 230 2 218-24 Animal; Autoradiography; Female; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus; Oocytes/growth & development/*metabolism/ultrastructure; Oogenesis; Organelles/metabolism/ultrastructure; Poly A/*metabolism; RNA/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Vitellogenesis The cytoplasmic distribution of poly(A)+ mRNA and its relationship to annulate lamellae were examined in developing Necturus maculosus oocytes by in situ hybridization with [3H]poly(U). The specificity of [3H]poly(U) binding was tested by incubating control ovarian sections with either KOH or RNase A before in situ hybridization. In both experiments, the silver grain densities were markedly reduced. Poly(A)+ RNA is uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm until the mid-growth phase and then later in vitellogenesis becomes localized in the subcortical ooplasm. The silver grain density in the cytoplasm varied during oogenesis and was greatest in previtellogenic oocytes. Annulate lamellae commonly are observed with the light microscope in oocytes prior to vitellogenesis. In such oocytes, the labeled mRNA probe is observed over cytoplasmic regions of annulate lamellae. The results suggests that a differential localization of messenger RNA occurs during oogenesis in Necturus maculosus. Furthermore, poly(A)+ RNA is present in cytoplasmic regions of annulate lamellae. Journal Article Gans, Carl 1991 Epilogue: Varanids: Where do we go from here? Mertensiella 2 263-265 Varanidae; Varanus Edited Book Gans, Carl;Ulinski, Philip S. 1992 Biology of the Reptilia Volume 17, Neurology C. Sensorimotor Integration Chicago University of Chicago Press viii + 781 Journal Article Gans, Carl;Kim, Hyung L. 1992 Kinematic description of the sidewinding locomotion of four vipers Israel Journal of Zoology 38 9-23 Edited Book Gans, Carl;Crews, David 1992 Biology of the Reptilia Volume 18, Physiology E. Hormones, Brain, and Behavior Chicago University of Chicago Press xiv, 564 Journal Article Gapp, D. A.;Carraway, R. E. 1990 Neurotensin is localized to paracrine cells in the urinary bladder of the turtle, Chrysemys picta Gen Comp Endocrinol 79 2 185-92 Animal; Bladder/*analysis/cytology; Cell Count; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Comparative Study; Endocrine Glands/analysis/cytology; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Neurotensin/*analysis; Radioimmunoassay; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turtles/*metabolism Urinary bladder from the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, contains a substantial population of endocrine/paracrine cells scattered through the mucosal epithelium which immunostains using antisera directed toward mammalian neurotensin (NT). Radiommunoassay of 0.1 N HCl extracts of Chrysemys bladder indicated an immunoreactive NT (iNT) concentration of 161 +/- 39 pmol/g tissue (n = 9), an amount lower but comparable in magnitude to that found in mucosal scrapings of the intestine (926 +/- 125 pmol/g, n = 9). Bladder and intestinal iNT were indistinguishable during chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and HPLC on mu- Bondapak C18 where they eluted at the same position as avian NT. Similar results were obtained by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay of urinary bladders from Pseudemys scripta scripta, P. scripta elegans, and P. floridana, three emydid species closely related to C. picta, but not from Sternotherus odoratus and Trionyx spinifer asper, representatives of the families Kinosternidae and Trionychidae, respectively, although positive results were obtained with intestinal preparations from these species. NT cells were not seen in urinary bladder from Rana pipiens, Bufo marinus, Necturus maculosus, or Anolis carolinensis. Thus, the presence of NT-containing cells in urinary bladder is not common among subavian vertebrates and may even be restricted to the Emydidae family of chelonians. Journal Article Garbin, C.P.;Rowe, J. 1992 An initial study of hatchling food preferences and group feeding behaviors of four species of Nebraskan turtles. Bull. Chi. Herp. Soc. 27 3 57-62 reptilia, testudines, Chrysemys picta, Chelydra serpentina, Trionyx spiniferus, Emydoidea blandingi , nutrition, feeding, vitamins, behaviour "x" Journal Article Garbutt, Nick 1992 The reptiles of Round Island, Mauritius Vivarium 4 3 14-18;32-33 Journal Article Garcia, Constantino Marcias;Drummond, Hugh 1990 Population differences in fish-capturing ability of the Mexican Aquatic Garter Snake (Thamnophis melanogaster) Journal of Herpetology 24 4 412-16 foraging, garter snake, fish Journal Article Garland, T., Jr.;Bennett, A. F. 1990 Quantitative genetics of maximal oxygen consumption in a garter snake American Journal of Physiology 259 R986-R992 reptiles, snakes, Thamnophis, aerobic capacity, evolution, exercise, hemoglobin, heritability, sirtalis Journal Article GARRETT, C.M.;HARWELL, G. 1991 Loreal pit impaction in a black speckled palm-pitviper (Bothriechis nigroviridis) J. Zoo & Wildl. Med. 22 2 249-251 reptilia, squamata, serpentes, palm-pitviper, Bothriechis nigroviridis, infection, acari, ectoparasite, Ophionyssus Reprint Endnote 93/401 Journal Article Garrido, Orlando H.;Hedges, S. Blair 1992 Three New Grass Anoles from Cuba (Squamata: Iguanidae) Caribbean Journal of Science 28 1-2 21-29 Journal Article Garrido, O. H.;Hedges, S. B. 1992 Three new grass anoles from Cuba (Squamata: Iguanidae) Caribbean Journal of Science 28 1-2 21-29 reptiles, lizards, species description, morphology, distribution Journal Article Garstka, William R.;Cooper, William E., Jr;Wasmund, Kelly W.;Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1991 Male sex steroids and hormonal control of male courtship behavior in the yellow-bellied slider turtle, Trachemys scripta Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 98A 2 271-280 pseudemys Journal Article Garstka, W. R.;Cooper, W. E., Jr.;Wasmund, K. W.;Lovich, J. E. 1991 Male sex steriods and hormonal control of male courtship behavior in the yellow-bellied slider turtle, Trachemys scripta Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 98A 2 271-280 Reptiles, turtles, hormones, steroids, reproduction, courtship, behavior, Alabama, South Carolina, SREL Journal Article Garstka, William R.;Cooper, William E.;Wasmund, Kelly W.;Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1991 Male sex steroids and hormonal control of male courtship behavior in the yellow-bellied slider turtle, Trachemys scripta Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 98A 271-280 Journal Article Garstka, William R.;Cooper, William E.;Jr;Wasmund, Kelly W.;Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1991 Male sex steroids and hormonal control of male courtship behavior in the yellow-bellied slider turtle, Trachemys scripta Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 98A 2 271-280 pseudemys Journal Article Garthwaite, Ronald L.;Lawson, Robin;Taiti, S. 1992 Morphological and genetic relationships among four species of Armadilloniscus Uljanin, 1875 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Scyphacidae) Journal of Natural History 26 327-338 Journal Article Garthwaite, Ronald L.;Lawson, Robin 1992 Oniscidea (Isopoda) of the San Francisco Bay Area Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 47 11 303-328 Journal Article Garvin, J. L.;Spring, K. R. 1992 Regulation of apical membrane ion transport in Necturus gallbladder Am J Physiol 263 1 Pt 1 C187-93 Animal; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane/metabolism/physiology; Chlorides/*metabolism/physiology; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology; Electric Conductivity; Gallbladder/*metabolism; Isomerism; Necturus maculosus/metabolism; Ouabain/pharmacology; Thionucleotides/pharmacology Na and Cl movement through the apical membrane of Necturus gallbladder epithelium was investigated using electrophysiological and light microscopic measurements. Changes in membrane potential difference, fractional resistance of the apical membrane, and transepithelial resistance caused by changes in apical bath Cl concentration revealed the presence of a Cl conductance in the apical membrane of control tissues that was apparently not present in the preparations studied by other investigators. This Cl conductance was blocked by bumetanide (10(- 5) M) or by the inhibitor of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) action, the Rp isomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS; 0.5 mM). Treatment of the tissues with Rp-cAMPS also eliminated bumetanide-sensitive cell swelling in the presence of ou