Reference Type Author Year Title Secondary Author Secondary Title Place Published Publisher Volume Number Pages Keywords Abstract Author Address Journal Article Abelson, A.;Miloh, T.;Loya., Y. 1993 Flow patterns induced by substrata and body morphologies of benthic organisms, and their roles in determining availability of food particles Limnol. Oceanograph. 38 1116-1124 Journal Article Abt, G.;Reyer, H.U. 1993 Mate Choice and Fitness in a Hybrid Frog - Rana esculenta Females Prefer Rana lessonae Males over Their Own Behav Ecol Sociobiol 32 4 221-228 SEXUAL SELECTION; MATING STRATEGIES; AUSTRALIAN FROG; EVOLUTION; ZONES; TOAD; BUFO; SPECIATION; LEK Journal Article Adams, Michael J.;Wilson, Albert G., Jr. 1993 Ascaphis truei (Tailed Frog). USA: Washington Herpetological Review 24 2 64 geographic distribution Journal Article Adams, Michael J. 1993 Summer nests of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) from the Oregon coast range Northwestern Naturalist 74 15-18 summer, nests, tailed frog, Ascaphus truei, Oregon coast range Journal Article Adams, M. J. 1993 Summer nests of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) from the Oregon Coast Range Northwestern Naturalist 74 15-18 Journal Article Adler, R. 1993 Determination of Cellular Types in the Retina Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 34 5 1677-1681 Retinal Cell Differentiation; Neuronal Differentiation; Photoreceptor Differentiation; Retinal Development; Neuronal Birth; Growth Factors; Cell Lineages; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; REGENERATION INVIVO; FROG RETINA; LARVAL FROG; DIFFERENTIATION; PHENOTYPE; INDUCTION; CELLS Journal Article Adler, Kraig 1993 Book Review: Snake life history in Kyoto Herpetological Review 24 3 113-114 Journal Article Adolph, Stephen C.;Porter, Waren P. 1993 Temperature, activity, and lizard life histories American Naturalist 142 2 273-295 Journal Article Afifi, A.;Mohamed, E. R.;Elridi, R. 1993 Seasonal conditions determine the manner of skin rejection in reptiles J Exp Zool 265 4 459-468 Reptilia, sauria, Chalcides ocellatus, anatomy, skin, allograft, rejection, season During summer, 33%, 52%, and 15% of lizards Chalcides ocellatus rejected first set skin allografts (time between day of first sign of rejection and end point), respectively in an acute (11-14 days), subacute (15-20 days), and chronic (21-24 days) manner. Second set grafts were rejected in an acute fashion (8-13 days). Examination of histological samples from grafted areas revealed evident lymphoid cell aggregations in allo- but not in autografts. This suggests that graft rejection results from an immunological reaction against allogeneic cells. In the other seasons, all skin allotransplanted lizards rejected the graft in a chronic manner: in 46-132 days during autumn, 31-79 days in winter, and 40-78 days during spring. These data indicate that graft rejection in reptiles is under the control of seasonal conditions. Reprint Endnote 93/537 Journal Article Aguilar, Dan 1993 Book Review: The general care and maintenance of milksnakes Desert Monitor 24 5 9-11 lampropeltis triangulum Journal Article Aguiniga, E.M.;Stiffler, D.F. 1993 Interrenal Function in Larval Ambystoma tigrinum 3. Acid-Base Balance Responses General and Comparative Endocrinology 90 1 100-108 BUFO-MARINUS; URINARY-BLADDER; HYPERCAPNIA; TOAD; SALAMANDER; TRANSPORT; ALDOSTERONE; STIMULATION; EXCHANGE; SODIUM Journal Article Ahl, I. 1993 Therapy of the mite Ophionyssus natricis in snakes (Svedish) Behandling av kvalstret Ophionyssus natricis hos orm Svensk Vet. tidning 45 5 195-200 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, acari, Ophionyssus natricis, therapy Reprint Endnote 94/100 Journal Article Ahne, W. 1993 Viruses of Chelonia J Vet Med B Zbl Vet B Infect 40 1 35-45 Reptilia, testudines, infection, virus Viruses occurring in turtles and tortoises are hetergeneous but according to ecologic characteristics and pathogenic properties they can be divided in two major groups: 1. Arboviruses (toga-, flavi-, rhabdo- and bunyaviruses) transmitted by arthropods cause severe diseases in homoiothermic vertebrates. The viruses are of great epidemiological interest in human and veterinary medicine. Chelonia and other reptiles infected by bites of vectors e. g. Aedes, Anopheles, Culex develop cyclic viremia without injury. The ectothermic animals maintain inapparent arbovirus infections during hibernation and they play role as reservoirs for these viruses. 2. Viruses of Chelonia origin (papova-, herpes-, irido- and paramyxoviruses) associated with diseases of infected turtles and tortoises have been described frequently during the last 20 years. Several viruses or virus-like particles could be demonstrated in affected reptiles mainly by electron microscopy. Especially herpesviruses seem to attack Chelonia and epizootics due to infections with these viruses were reported in several reptiles in collections. However, the etiological role of the agents detected is not well documented yet. Journal Article Aho, A.C.;Donner, K.;Reuter, T. 1993 Retinal Origins of the Temperature Effect on Absolute Visual Sensitivity in Frogs J Physiol-London 463 501-521 GANGLION-CELLS; RANA-TEMPORARIA; TOAD; ADAPTATION; NOISE; RODS; PERFORMANCE; EVENTS; DEPENDENCE Journal Article Aitchison, N. 1993 Sea turtles in Zanzibar Mar. Turtle Newsl. 63 16-17 Journal Article Albano, R.M.;Groome, N.;Smith, J.C. 1993 Activins Are Expressed in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos and in ES and EC Cells and Are Regulated on Their Differentiation Development 117 2 711-723 Mouse; Preimplantation Embryos; Es Cells; Activin; Inhibin; TERATOCARCINOMA STEM-CELLS; FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; EARLY AMPHIBIAN DEVELOPMENT; OVARIAN FOLLICULAR-FLUID; MESODERM-INDUCING FACTOR; EARLY XENOPUS-EMBRYOS; BETA-B SUBUNITS; VISCERAL ENDODERM; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CARCINOMA-CELLS Journal Article Alberts, Allison 1993 Lizard talk Vivarium 4 6 12-14 communication Journal Article Alberts, Allison C.;Phillips, John A.;Werner, Dagmar I. 1993 Sources of intraspecific variability in the protein composition of lizard femoral gland secretions Copeia 1993 3 775-781 iguana Journal Article Alberts, Allison 1993 The most endangered lizard in the world: the Jamaican iguana, Cyclura collei Vivarium 5 1 12-14;30 conservation captive breeding programs Journal Article Alberts, Allison 1993 Lizard tough guys Vivarium 5 2 24-25;30 Cyclura nubila Journal Article Alberts, Allison 1993 Hatching lizards at home Vivarium 5 3 24-25;33 Journal Article Alberts, Allison C. 1993 Relationship of space use to population density in an herbivorous lizard Herpetologica 49 4 469-479 Dipsosaurus dorsalis Journal Article Aldridge, Robert D. 1993 Male reproductive anatomy and seasonal occurrence of mating and combat behavior of the rattlesnake Crotalus v. viridis Journal of Herpetology 27 4 481-484 Journal Article Aleinikova, T.V.;Koshlykova, N.A.;Melkovskaya, T.V. 1993 Simultaneous Spatio-Temporal Encoding of Several Parameters of Visual Stimuli by the Frog Cerebral Neurons Biofizika 38 2 339-343 TOAD Journal Article Alford, R. A.;Jackson., G. D. 1993 Do cephalopods and the larvae of other taxa grow asymptotically? American Naturalist 141 717-728 Journal Article Alibardi, L.;Wibel, R.;Simpson, S.B. 1993 Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observations on the Central Canal of the Regenerating Tail Spinal Cord in the Lizard Anolis carolinensis Boll Zool 60 3 245-252 Sauria-Lizards; Tail Regeneration; Spinal Cord; Electron Microscopy Journal Article Alifanov, Vladimir 1993 Some peculiarities of the Cretaceous and Palaeogene lizard faunas of the Mongolian People's Republic Kaupia 3 9-13 Book Aljancic, Marko;Bulog, Boris;Kranjc, Andrej;Josipovic, Drasko;Sket, Boris;Skoberne, Peter 1993 Proteus: the mysterious ruler of Karst darkness Ljubljana, Slovenia Vitrum 75 Proteus anguinus Journal Article Allen, M. E.;Oftedal, O. T.;Ullrey, D. E. 1993 Effect of dietary calcium concentration on mineral composition of fox geckos (Hemidactylus garnoti) and Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) J Zoo Wildlife Med 24 2 118-128 Reptilia, sauria, fox gecko,Hemidactylus garnoti, pathology, food, feeding, skeleton The effects of two dietary calcium levels were evaluated in fox geckos (Hemidactylus garnoti) and Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis). Individually housed geckos (n = 13) and frogs (n = 23) were fed for 7 mo on crickets that were manipulated to be either high (HiCa) or low (LoCa) in calcium concentration. Crickets in the HiCa treatment contained 1.26% calcium (Ca) and 0.89% phosphorus (P) on a dry matter basis (DMB), as compared with 0.23% Ca and 0.82% P (DMB) in LoCa crickets. At the end of the experiment, Ca and P concentrations of the frogs and geckos were analyzed. Geckos maintained on HiCa crickets contained more Ca (4.02% DMB) than did geckos fed LoCa crickets (3.43% DMB), but there were no differences in P concentrations. However, even HiCa geckos contained less Ca and P than did geckos that died before the experiment was begun (5.22% Ca, 2.18% P DMB). The decline in body Ca and P concentration may relate to the large amounts of Ca and P invested in egg production by some animals, as well as a lack of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation needed for vitamin D synthesis. Radiographic evaluation did not reveal any differences between HiCa and LoCa geckos in bone density or endolymphatic Ca stores. Dietary treatment did not produce differences in Ca, P, or radiographic appearance of the tree frogs, but there was a significant difference between males and females in Ca concentration (males, 4.7%; females, 3.5% DMB). No sexual difference in Ca concentration was found among wild-caught tree frogs (five males, 14 females). Although geckos and tree frogs responded differently to dietary Ca, we recommend that crickets or other insects be supplemented with Ca when used as food for reptiles and amphibians. Other factors such as water quality, UV light, photoperiod, transpiration, and reproductive status may also influence Ca homeostasis. Journal Article Allison, Casey 1993 If not pets...then what? Amateur Herpetoculturist 2 1 7-8;11 Thesis Allsteadt, J. 1993 Incubation temperature affects body size, energy reserves, and sex of hatchling alligators Journal Article Alt, Noel;Alt, Claire 1993 The Chacoan burrowing frog, Chacophrys pierotti: to prove a frog Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 8 161-163 Journal Article Altamirano Alvarez, Tizoc;Mendoza Quijano, Fernando;Marmolejo Santillán, Yolanda;García Collazo, Rodolfo 1993 Senticolis triaspis intermedius (Boettger), Colubridae. Un nuevo registro para el Stado de Hidalgo, México; con comentarios en su distribución Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 5 1 6-8 Distribution; Senticolis triaspis intermedius; Hidalgo; Mexico Journal Article Altamirano Alvarez, Tizoc;Mendoza Quijano, Fernando;Marmolejo Santillán, Yolanda;Garcia Collazo, Rodolfo 1993 Senticolis triaspis intermedius (Boettger), Colubridae, Un nuevo registro para el Estado de Hidalgo, México; con comentarios ensu distribución Boll. Soc. Herpetol. Mex. 5 1 6-8 Journal Article Altig, R.;Channing, A. Hypothesis - Functional Significance of Colour and Pattern of Anuran Tadpoles Herpetol J 3 2 73-75 Journal Article Altig, Ronn;Channing, Alan 1993 Hypothesis: Functional significance of colour and pattern of anuran tadpoles Herpetological Journal 3 2 73-75 schooling, antipredator interactions, protection Journal Article Altig, R.;Channing., A. 1993 Hypothesis: functional significance of colour and pattern of anuran tadpoles Herpetological Journal 3 73-75 Journal Article Alvarado, Javier;Figueroa, Alfredo;Delgado, Carlos;Sanchez, Marco T.;Lopez, Edmundo 1993 Differential retention of metel and plastic tags on the black sea turtle (Chelonia agassizi) Herpetological Review 24 1 23-24 marking tags mydas Journal Article Alvarado, J.;Figueroa, A.;Delgado, C.;Sanchez, M.T.;Lopez, E. 1993 Differential retention of metal and plastic tags on the black sea turtle (Chelonia agassizi) Herpetological Reveiw 24 1 23-24 tagging; green Journal Article Alvarez, Bef 1993 Structural and ultrastructural study of the Meissner plexus in amphibians, Rana temporaria Histol Histopathol 8 4 685-697 Amphibia, anura, Rana temporaria, anatomy, Meissner plexus, structure, ultrastructure A study of the submucous, periglandular and intravillous plexus of the frog has been carried out with light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy. The existence of a true Meissner plexus, with light microscopy, as well as the existence of sensitive-like structures, with light and electron microscopy have been demonstrated in the frog. Journal Article ALVES DE MATOS, A.P.;PAPERNA, I. 1993 Ultrastructure of erythrocytic virus of the south African anuran Ptychadena anchietae. Dis. Aquat. Org. 15 In press Amphibia, anura, Ptychadena anchietae, infection, virus, iridovirus The virus was identified by electron microscopy. There was no evidence of productive infection in non-erythrocytic cells. Reprint Endnote 93/649 Journal Article Amiche, M.;Ducancel, F.;Lajeunesse, E.;Boulain, J.C.;Menez, A.;Nicolas, P. 1993 Molecular Cloning of a cDNA Encoding the Precursor of Adenoregulin from Frog Skin - Relationships with the Vertebrate Defensive Peptides, Dermaseptins Biochem Biophys Res Commun 191 3 983-990 AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; MAGAININS; RNA Journal Article Anderson, C.W. 1993 The Modulation of Feeding Behavior in Response to Prey Type in the Frog Rana pipiens J Exp Biol 179 1-12 Frog; Feeding; Behavior; Kinematics; Rana-Pipiens; FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY; CICHLID FISHES; BUFO-MARINUS; MECHANISM; TONGUE; REPERTOIRES; KINEMATICS; HYPOTHESES; CAPTURE; SYSTEM Journal Article Anderson, Steven C. 1993 A note on the syntopic occurence of three species of Teratoscincus in eastern Iran Dactylus 1 4 8-10 microlepis scincus keyserlingii stenodactylus bedriagai Journal Article Anderson, Allen 1993 Captive husbandry and reproduction of the African Fat-tailed gecko, Hemitheconyx caudicinctus Dactylus 2 1 12-16 Book Section Anderson, Roger A. 1993 An analysis of foraging in the lizard, Cnemidophorus tigris Wright, John W. and Vitt, Laurie J. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 83-116 Journal Article Anderson, I. 1993 Keep Taking the Frog Skin New Sci 140 1894 10 Journal Article Anderson, I. 1993 Rogue Crocodile Bites Hole in Lead Study New Sci 138 1873 8 Journal Article Anderson, R.B. 1993 424 wary points of light Nat. Hist. 102 92-93 AM, eyeshine, Journal Article Anderson, I. 1993 Rogue crocodile bites hole in lead study New Scientist 138 8. attack, Journal Article Andreadis, P. T.;Burghardt, G. M. 1993 Feeding behavior and an oropharyngeal component of satiety in a two- headed snake Physiol Behav 54 4 649-58 Animal; Colubridae/*physiology; Deglutition/physiology; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Growth/physiology; Head/*abnormalities; Mice; Motivation; Oropharynx/*physiology; Satiety Response/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Tongue/physiology We studied the feeding behavior of a dicephalous Black Rat Snake (Elaphe o. obsoleta) whose heads attack and ingest prey independently. Both heads were given satiation feedings with mouse prey at either 5- day intervals (1989, n = 16 feedings) or 9-11 day intervals (1990, n = 4 feedings). In 1989, a meal pattern was manifested as a negative correlation between total (left + right) meal size (g) and total size of the last meal. Meal sizes of the heads were consistently different (L > R) despite their apparently identical genotypes. We confirmed tongue-flicking rate and swallowing time as indices of satiety/hunger in each head. In order to test whether oropharyngeal stimulation is involved in satiation, we analyzed three measures: willingness to feed, and intrameal changes in swallowing, and tongue-flicking rates. Data for these tests were taken from experimental feedings in which one head was fed to satiation (first head) before the other head (second head) was fed. The second head generally did eat (8 of 10 experimental feedings) after the first head had become satiated. In addition, while the time to swallow a mouse generally increased as the snake neared satiety, swallowing time decreased significantly (p = 0.04) from the first head's last mouse to the second head's first mouse. Finally, in two of three feedings, the first head's tongue-flicking rate decreased before the second head's. These results, which take advantage of this unique animal, indicate that oropharyngeal stimulation is involved in meal termination. Journal Article Andreone, Franco;Dore, Bruno;Usai, Pasquale;Paraninfo, Adriana 1993 Skin morphology in larval, paedomorphic and metamorphosed alpine newts, Triturus alpestris apuanus Alytes 11 1 25-35 histology Journal Article Andreotti, Frank 1993 Notes on captive propagation and husbandry of the red-tail boa constrictor, Boa constrictor ssp Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 5 98-102 captivity breeding Journal Article Andreu, Gustavo Casas;Méndez de la Cruz, Fausto R. 1993 Canibalísmo-necrofagia en Crocodylus acutus Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 5 2 60-61 Canibalism; Carrion feeding; Necrophagy; Crocodylus acutus Journal Article Andrews, Harry V.;Tampal, Farida 1993 Current literature in Asian herpetology Hamadryad 17 December 56-69 Journal Article Andrews, Harry;Whitaker, Romulus 1993 Captive breeding of freshwater turtles and tortoises at the Centre for Herpetology/Madras Crocodile Bank Zoos' Print August 1993 12-15 Journal Article Annable, T. 1993 Vocalisation in Ramphotyphlops? Herpetofauna 23 1 40 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Pythons: care in captivity Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 3 6-7 molurus reticulatus liasis childreni cage feeding breeding diseases Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Salamanders surprise scientists Froglog 5 1 ambystoma californiense habits behavior Journal Article Anonymous 1993 The threatened Cagle's map turtle (Graptemys caglei) Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 4 6-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Ohio legislature proposes to ban all non-native animals Notes From NOAH 20 7 1 laws legislation Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Green Iguanas: care in captivity Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 5 6-7 iguana Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Ohio house bill 291 = no "non-native" wildlife Notes From NOAH 20 8 1-4 laws legislation Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Regal horned lizard Desert Monitor 23 4 17 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 More evidence crater is from meteor that killed off dinosaurs Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 10 6-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 USFWS publishes updated CITES list Notes From NOAH 21 1 1-7 endangered treatened species Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Lake Erie water snake & Northern copperbelly water snake proposed for treatened status Notes From NOAH 21 1 9-10 treatened species USFWS Journal Article Anonymous 1993 New Jersey moves to regulate snapping turtles Reptile & Amphibian magazine November/December 28-29 chelydra serpentina rana catesbieana clamitans laws legislation Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Get your photos published Reptile & Amphibian magazine November/December 48-49 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Reptile & Amphibian MAgazine index to issues 1-25 Reptile & Amphibian magazine November/December 104-107 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Management of amphibian populations Froglog 5 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Diagnostics, deaths and declines Froglog 5 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Herpetology in the 1990s Reptile & Amphibian Magazine March/April 44-45 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Another Draft of the UDWR species of special concern Intermontanus 2 4 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Stranger in paradise Cold Blooded News 20 11 3;9 boiga irregularis Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Salamanders tell scientists strange tales Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 11 9 ambystoma Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Snake mites: Their treatment and prevention Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 11 11-12 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Editorial exerpt: A case for significant deregulation of the keeping and taking of reptiles and frogs Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 5 8-9 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Why snakes are the symbol of healing Idaho Herp News 6 1 16 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Ancient footprints uncovered Idaho Herp News 6 1 18-19 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 NMHS field trip to Mills Canyon New Mexico Herpetological Society Newsletter 30 3 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Ohio Division of Wildlife seeks public input Notes From NOAH 21 1 15-17 survey Journal Article Anonymous 1993 A declaration concerning turtles and tortoises Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 12 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 The eighth meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Reptilian Magazine 1 10 7-8 CITES endangered species Journal Article Anonymous 1993 An introduction to: The long-nosed tree snake (Ahaetulla prasinus) Reptilian Magazine 1 10 25-26 Ahaetulla prasinus Journal Article Anonymous 1993 The U.S. Endangered Species Act Notes From NOAH 21 3 1-4 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Froglog Review Notes From NOAH 21 3 9-10 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 A boost for Bufo boreas Froglog 8 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Litoria in Victoria Froglog 8 3 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 What is KARCH? Froglog 8 3 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 DAPCAN III Convened Froglog 8 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 1993 membership list Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 1 67-75 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Use of full spectrum ultra-violet lighting at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Desert Monitor 26 6 10 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Tegus - care in captivity Desert Monitor 26 6 18-19 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Terrible turtle tots Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 10 13 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 [Excerpt from the Journal of Jonathan Carver and Related Documents] Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 8 17-22 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Proposal: Private registration of reptiles and amphibians especially endangered and threatened species Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 7 9-13 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Mediterranean tortoise diet British Association of Tortoise Keepers Magazine 14 4-10 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Centre gets the go-ahead on the Jamaican boa studbook Scales and Tales 7 3 1 epicrates subflavus Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Bengal monitors are endangered! Scales and Tales 7 4 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Conservation of reptiles on Madagascar is risky business Scales and Tales 7 4 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Roatán Island spiny-tailed iguana Iguana Times 2 1 7 ctenosaura oedirhina bakeri Journal Article Anonymous 1993 New Products: Cricket Diet plus Reptilian 2 1 6;30 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 An introduction to the leaf-tailed gecko (Uroplatus fimbriatus) Reptilian 2 1 24 Uroplatus fimbriatus Journal Article Anonymous 1993 The South Western herpetological Society: history and aims of the society Reptilian 2 1 28 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Seizures and prosecutions Reptilian 2 1 29-30 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Places to visit: Drayton Manor Park Zoo Reptilian 2 1 31-34 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Amphibiuan, reptile and Insect Association (A.R.I.A.) Reptilian Magazine 1 10 19 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Portsmouth Reptile & Amphibian Society Reptilian 1 7 31-32 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Reptiles from the past: Tyrannosaurus rex Reptilian 1 8 13 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 London Zoo: plans for the future Reptilian 1 8 15 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 British Herpetological Society Reptilian 1 8 19 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Wildlife officers accused of three murders Reptilian 1 8 32 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Herptile consultancy Reptilian 1 9 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 The Young Herpetologists Club (YHC) for young people aged 8-18 Reptilian 1 9 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Places to visit: Holidays Hill Reptiliary Reptilian 1 9 34 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Reptiles from the past: Stegosaurus Reptilian 1 9 36 Book Anonymous 1993 Latin-Chinese-English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles Beijing Science Press v + 329 Journal Article Anonymous 1993 Feeding problem in shield-nosed cobras T^Haru 7 1 33 Aspidelaps scutatus intermedius Book Anonymous 1993 A Guide to the Reptile Body Aurora, CO Reptile News Press 58 Journal Article Anthony, Carl D.;Wicknick, J. A. 1993 Aggressive interactions and chemical communication between adult and juvenile salamanders Journal of Herpetology 27 3 261-264 RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; BEHAVIOR; RECOGNITION; COMPETITION; SEX plethodon ouachitae spatial distribution ecology Journal Article Anthony, Carl D. 1993 Recognition of conspecific odors by Plethodon caddoensis and P. ouachitae Copeia 1993 4 1028-1033 Journal Article Anthony, Carl D.;Wicknick, Jill A. 1993 Plethodon ouachitae (Rich Mountain salamander). USA: Oklahoma Herpetological Review 24 4 152 Journal Article Antoniazzi, M.M.;Jared, C.;Pellegrini, C.M.R.;Macha, N. 1993 Epidermal Glands in Squamata - Morphology and Histochemistry of the Pre-Cloacal Glands in Amphisbaena Alba (Amphisbaenia) Zoomorphology 113 3 199-203 LIZARD Book Section Aplin, Ken;How, Ric 1993 A window west: a perspective on Western Australian herpetology Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 337-345 Journal Article Apperson, C.S.;Levine, J.F.;Evans, T.L.;Braswell, A.;Heller, J. 1993 Relative Utilization of Reptiles and Rodents as Hosts by Immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari, Ixodidae) in the Coastal Plain of North-Carolina, USA Experimental & Applied Acarology 17 10 719-731 Journal Article Arano, B.;Esteban, M.;Herrero, P. 1993 Evolutionary Divergence of the Iberian Brown Frogs Ann Sci Natur-Zool Biol Anim 14 2 49-57 R-Dalmatina; R-Iberica; R-Temporaria; Allozymes; Genetic Differentiation; Iberian Peninsula; RANA-AURORA; BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS; GENUS RANA; HETEROCHROMATIN; BOYLII Journal Article Arévalo, Elisabeth;Casas, Gustavo;Davis, Scott K.;Lara, Guillermo;Sites, Jack W., Jr 1993 Parapatric hybridization between chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Phrynosomatidae): Structure of the Ajusco transect Copeia 1993 2 352-372 Journal Article Arlen, Rob 1993 Alligators as music critics Cold Blooded News 20 11 4 Journal Article Arnaud, G.;Rodriguez, A.;Ortegarubio, A.;Alvarezcardenas, S. 1993 Predation by Cats on the Unique Endemic Lizard of Socorro Island (Urosaurus auriculatus), Revillagigedo, Mexico Ohio J Sci 93 4 101-104 Journal Article Arnold, Steven J.;Reagan, Nancy L.;Verrell, Paul A. 1993 Reproductive isolation and speciation in plethodontid salamanders Herpetologica 49 2 216-228 Journal Article Arnold, E. N. 1993 Comment - function of the mite pockets of lizards: an assessment of a recent attempted test Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 4 862-864 Book Section Arnold, Stevan J. 1993 Foraging theory and prey-size-predator-size relation in snakes Seigel, Richard A. and Collins, Joseph T. Snakes: Ecology & Behavior New York McGraw-Hill, Inc. 87-115 Book Section Arnold, S.J. 1993 Foraging Theory and Prey-Size-Predator-Size Relations in Snakes Seigel, R.A. and Collins, J.T. Snakes 1221 Ave of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 Mcgraw-Hill Book Co 87-115 Journal Article Arnold, E. N. 1993 Function of the mite pockets of lizards - An assessment of a recent attempted test - comment Can J Zool 71 4 862-864 Reptilia, sauria, gecko, Rhacodactylus sp., infection, acari, Neothrombicula, pocket On the basis of examining geckoes of the genus Rhacodactylus, Bauer et al. (A. M. Bauer, A. P. Russell, and N. R. Dollahon. 1990. Can. J. Zool. 68: 1196-1201) found no support for the hypothesis that mite pockets of lizards serve to concentrate chiggers, the larvae of trombiculid mites, and limit the damage they do. However, this claim can be shown to arise from insufficient observations. Further arguments that ectoparasite concentration does not confer advantages are also shown to be unsubstantiated. Journal Article Arosemena, F.A.;Ibanez, R. 1993 A New Species of Anolis (Squamata, Iguanidae) of the Fuscoauratus Group from Fortuna, Panama Revista de Biologia Tropical 41 2 267-272 Reptilia; Squamata; Sauria; Iguanidae; Fuscoauratus Group; Anolis-Fortunensis; Panama Journal Article Arribas Amo, Oscar J. 1993 Estatus específico para Lacerta (Archaeolacerta) monticola bonnali Lantz, 1927 (Reptilia, Lacertidae) [Specific status for Lacerta (Archaeolacerta monticola bonnali Lantz, 1927 (Reptilia, Lacertidae)] Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. (Sec. Biol.) 90 1-4 101-112 Book Section Arteaga, A. 1993 Repoblamiento del embalse de Tacarigua (Edo Falco, Venezuela) con caimanes de la costa (Crocodylus acutus) criados de cautiverio Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 263-269 Journal Article Askew, James Moss, Jr. 1993 An external support device for turtle skull repair Herpetological Review 24 1 25-26 terrapene carolina bauri surgery injury reconstruction Journal Article Assmann, Otto;Drobny, Manfred;Beutler, Axel 1993 Zur Situation der schlingnatter (Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768) in Südbayern: lebensräume, gefährdung und schutz [The smooth snake (Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768) in Southern Bavaria (Germany): habitat, threats and conservation] Mertensiella 3 83-90 Coronella austriaca; Southern Bavaria; Habitat; Threats; Conservation Journal Article Atamanczyk, John 1993 Captive breeding of bull snakes Intermontanus 2 4 5 pituophis melanoleucus sayi Journal Article Aubert, A.;Bernard, C.;Vaudry, H. 1993 Effects of Modifications of Extracellular and Intracellular Calcium Concentrations on the Bioelectrical Activity of the Isolated Frog Semicircular Canal Brain Res 607 1-2 301-306 Vestibular Dysfunction; Semicircular Canal; Electrophysiological Recording; Calcium Ionophore-A23187; Calcium Reduction; VERTEBRATE HAIR CELL; LATERAL-LINE ORGAN; RANA-CATESBEIANA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; BULL-FROG; SYSTEM; POTENTIALS; MODULATION; FREQUENCY; MESSENGER Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter;Rehman, Hafizur 1993 Studies on Pakistan reptiles. Pt. 3. Calotes versicolor Asiatic Herpetological Research 5 14-30 lacertilia agamidae agama taxonomy Journal Article Augert, D.;Joly., P. 1993 Plasticity of age at maturity between two neighbouring populations of the common frog (Rana temporaria L) Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 26-33 Journal Article Austin, L.A.R.;Rice, S.J.;Baldo, G.J.;Lange, A.J.;Haspel, H.C.;Mathias, R.T. 1993 The cDNA Sequence Encoding the Major Intrinsic Protein of Frog Lens Gene 124 2 303-304 Lens Membrane Protein; Rana-Pipiens; Gap Junction; Recombinant DNA; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MIP; CLONING Book Section Australian Society of Herpetologists, Inc 1993 A.S.H. policy on conservation Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 108 Journal Article Avery, J.W.;Shafagati, A.;Turner, A.;Wheeler, J.W.;Weldon, P.J. 1993 beta-Springene in the Paracloacal Gland Secretions of the Smooth-Fronted Caiman (Paleosuchus trigonatus) Biochem Syst Ecol 21 4 533-534 Paracloacal Glands; Beta-Springene; Smooth-Fronted Caiman; Paleosuchus-Trigonatus Journal Article Avery, Harold W.;Spotila, James R.;Congdon, Justin D.;Fisher, Robert U.;Standora, Edward A.;Avery, Susan B. 1993 Roles of diet protein and temperature in the growth and nutritional energetics of juvenile slider turtles, Trachemys scripta Physiological Zoology 66 6 902-925 FRESH-WATER TURTLE; PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; DIGESTIVE EFFICIENCY; FOOD AVAILABILITY; BODY-TEMPERATURE; CARETTA-CARETTA; NUCLEAR-REACTOR; SEA TURTLES; HABITAT USE; ECOLOGY Journal Article Avery, R. A. 1993 Book Review: Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 199 Journal Article Avery, Roger;Basker, Annabel;Corti, Claudia 1993 "Scan" behaviour in Podarcis muralis: the use of vantage points by an activitely foraging lizard Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 247-260 Journal Article Avery, Roger A. 1993 Experimental analysis of lizard pause-travel movement: pauses increase probability of prey capture Amphibia-Reptilia 14 4 423-428 Journal Article Avery, Roger 1993 Book Review: Biology, status and management of the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): a guide for conservation Amphibia-Reptilia 14 4 429 Journal Article Avery, H. W.;Spotila, J. R.;Congdon, J. D.;Fischer, R. U.;Standora, E. A.;Avery, S. B. 1993 Roles of diet protein and temperature in the growth and nutritional energetics of juvenile slider turtles, Trachemys scripta Physiol Zool 66 6 902-925 Reptilia, testudines, slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, food, feeding, protein, growth, digestion We determined the effects of dietary protein and T-a on growth rates, food consumption rates, digestion rates, and digestive efficiencies of juvenile slider turtles (Trachemys scripta). Results from this study provide a clearer understanding of how these environmental factors interact in influencing body sizes and growth rates of individuals in wild slider turtle populations. Changes in plastron length, carapace length, and body mass were significantly greater for T. scripta eating 25% and 40% crude protein diets than for those eating 10% crude protein. Those consuming 10% crude protein showed significant decreases in body mass and plastron length over a 13-wk period. Individuals at T-a's of 15 degrees, 22 degrees, 28 degrees, or 34 degrees C had food ingestion rates (kJ wk(-1)) that increased markedly with an increase in T-a. Increasing dietary crude protein concentration increased turtle ingestion rates and influenced the positive effect of T-a. Increasing dietary crude protein concentration alone did not significantly affect turtle consumption rates bur did significantly influence the positive effect of T-a. Digestive efficiencies were very high (because of the pelleted diet). Those turtles that ate at 15 degrees C had a digestive efficiency of 99.5%, as compared with 98.3% at 22 degrees C, 94.8% at 28 degrees C, and 95.8% at 34 degrees C. Dietary protein concentration did not influence the digestive efficiencies of T. scripta. These data suggest that dietary protein is an important nutritional component to the growth of juvenile slider turtles and that elevated thermal conditions, combined with a high dietary protein availability, may explain the very high growth rates of slider turtles in some wild populations. Reprint Endnote 94/90 Journal Article Avery, Roger A. 1993 Experimental analysis of pause-travel movement: pauses increase probability of prey capture Amphibia-Reptilia 14 423-427 Journal Article Avery, R. 1993 The relationship between disturbance, respiration rate and feeding in common lizards (Lacerta vivipara) Herpetol J 3 4 136-139 Reptilia, sauria, common lizard, Lacerta vivipara, physiology, food, feeding, disturbance, respiration rate Slightly disturbing captive common hazards, Lacerta vivipara, by movement and noise while they are basking in laboratory arenas resulted in an increase in respiration frequency (R(f)) and a decrease in the probability that a lizard would respond to the introduction of a potential prey item. Two categories of prey (crickets and mealworms) were presented at three locations defined in relation to the snout of a lizard; there were clear negative correlations between R(f) and probability of feeding in all cases. Respiration frequency can thus be used as a means for determining whether a lizard in a feeding trial has been diverted by extraneous stimuli. This is important in investigations of foraging efficiency in relation to perceptual fields and movement patterns, in which it is necessary to know that experimental animals have not been diverted in this way. Journal Article Avery, J.W.;Shafagati, A.;Turner, A.;Wheeler, J.W.;Weldon, P.J. 1993 Beta-Springene in the paracloacal gland secretions of the smooth-fronted caiman (Paleosuchus trigonatus) Biochem. System. Ecol. 21 4 533-534 PT, biochemistry, olfaction, Journal Article Avery, Harold W.;Spotila, James R.;Congdon, Justin D.;Fischer, Robert U.;Standora, Edward A.;Avery, Susan B. 1993 Role of diet protein and temperature in the growth and nutritional energetics of juvenile slider turtles, Trachemys scripta Physiological Zoology 66 6 902-925 Journal Article Ayarzagüena, J.;Señaris, J. C. 1993 Dos nuevas especies de Hyla (Anura; Hylidae) para los cumbres Tepuyanas del Estado Amazonas, Venezuela Memoria, Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle LIII 139 127-146 Anura, Hylidae, Hyla aromatica, Hyla inparquesi, new species, Tepuy, Venezuela, morphology, description, frog Journal Article Azuma, M.;Irie, T.;Seki, T. 1993 Retinals and retinols Induced by estrogen in the blood plasma of Xenopus laevis J Exp Biol Amphibia, physiology, Xenopus laevis, estrogen, retinal, retinol, induction, Injection of estrogen into male Xenopus laevis induced the appearance of retinals (retinal and 3- dehydroretinal) and a considerable increase in the amount of retinols (retinol and 3-dehydroretinol) in the blood plasma. These retinoids were mainly in the all- trans form. Without estrogen injection, retinols were normally found in the blood plasma of both males and females, but only trace amounts of retinals were detected and these were restricted to the plasma of females. The proteins in the blood plasma of estrogen-injected males were separated into two fractions. One fraction included vitellogenin, the precursor of egg yolk proteins, and the other contained some plasma proteins other than vitellogenin. Retinals were detected in the former and retinols in the latter. It is suggested that retinals are bound to vitellogenin and are taken up into oocytes in the process of vitellogenesis. Journal Article Baard, E.H.W.;Mouton, P.L.N. 1993 A Hypothesis Explaining the Enigmatic Distribution of the Geometric Tortoise, Psammobates geometricus, in South Africa Herpetol J 3 2 65-67 Journal Article Baby, J.;Oommen, O. V. 1993 Cortisol and hepatic intermediary metabolism in lower vertebrates: A comparative study in a teleost Anabas testudineus and an apodan amphibian Gegeneophis carnosus Journal of Reproductive Biology and Comparative Endocrinology 5 1-2 44-50 Gegeneophis Carnosus; Anabas Testudineus; Dna; Rna; Protein; Alanine Aminotransferase; Aspartate Aminotransferase The comparative study on the effects of cortisol induced changes in the concentration of nucleic acids and proteins, and specific activities of aminotransferases were studied In the fish Anabas testudineus and the amphibian, Gegeneophis carnosus. Administration of two doses of cortisol (2 mu-g and 5 mu-g/animal) significantly increased the protein and RNA concentrations in the liver of both Anabas and Gegeneophis. However, the DNA concentration remained unaltered in Anabas while it decreased in Gegeneophis treated with the higher dose (5 mu-g) of hormone. The activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in Anabas and Alanine aminotransferase in Gegeneophis were significantly increased after hormone administration. However, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was reduced by 5 mu-g of hormone administration in Gegeneophis. These observations help to suggest that cortisol has an anabolic effect and stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver of these two species of lower vertebrates. Journal Article Baccari, G. C.;Minucci, S.;Dimatteo, L. 1993 The orbital glands of the terrapin Pseudemys scripta in response to osmotic stress - A light and electron microscope study J Anat Reptilia, testudines, Trachemys scripta, physiology, stress, osmosis, orbital gland The histochemical and ultrastructural features of both orbital glands-the anterior lacrimal and harderian glands-were compared in the terrapin Pseudemys scripta following adaptation either to distilled water or to seawater. Seawater adaptation activated the harderian gland and caused a major structural reorganisation. Type I cells increased in number, whereas type II cells became smaller and less numerous. The most striking change was shown by the type IV cells which display the features of a salt-secreting cell. This cell type increased in number and changed from a unicellular form to multicellular complexes. Transfer from fresh water to distilled water caused a decrease in alcianophilia in type I and type III glandular cells and degenerative phenomena were often seen in type I and type IV cells. The anterior lacrimal gland showed only minor changes either in distilled or seawater adapted terrapins. Transfer to distilled water also caused degenerative phenomena in the lacrimal gland. These results establish for the first time the involvement of the harderian gland of a terrapin in osmoregulation. Journal Article Bacchus, Syndey T.;Richter, Klaus;Moler, Paul 1993 Xenopus laevis (African Clawed Frog). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 2 65 geographic distribution Journal Article Bacchus, M. 1993 Frog in the Rock New Sci 138 1871 50 Journal Article Backner, Brian P. 1993 Insect repellents: a primer for field work Idaho Herp News 6 3 6-9 Journal Article Backwell, P.R.Y.;Jennions, M.D. 1993 Mate Choice in the Neotropical Frog, Hyla ebraccata - Sexual Selection, Mate Recognition and Signal Selection Anim Behav 45 6 1248-1250 Journal Article Backwell, P. R. Y.;Jennions, M. D. 1993 Mate choice in the Neotropical frog, Hyla ebraccata: sexual selection, mate recognition and signal selection. Animal Behaviour 45 1248-1250 Amphibia, anuran communication, Hylidae, Hyla ebraccata, sexual selection Journal Article Bagnara, J.T.;Fernandez, P.J. 1993 Hormonal Influences on the Development of Amphibian Pigmentation Patterns Zool Sci 10 5 733-748 CELL STIMULATING ACTIVITY; LEOPARD FROG; RANA-PIPIENS; SKIN; MELANIZATION; CATFISH Journal Article Baily, R. M.;Christiansen, J. L. 1993 The early history and recent trends in Iowa herpetology Journal Iowa Academy of Science 100 3 83-86 Iowa, history, herpetology, trends, specimens Journal Article Bain, O.;Wanji, S.;Petit, G.;Paperna, I.;Finkelman, S. 1993 Splendidofilariinae Found in Lizards - New Species, Revision and Cycle in Phlebotomus Syst Parasitol 26 2 97-115 Journal Article Bain, O;Wanji, S.;Petit, G.;Paperna, I.;Finkelman, S 1993 Filaria Splendidofilariinae from lizards: new species, redescription, cycle in phlebotomes Filaires Splendidofilariinae de lézards : nouvelles espèces, rédescription, cycle chez phlébotome Syst. Parasitol 26 97-115 Reptilia, sauria, Mabuya quinquetaeniata, infection, helminth, nematode Reprint Endnote 93/668 Journal Article Baker, Lisa 1993 Development to entice snakes as well as people Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 12 6 Journal Article Baker, J.;Waights, V. 1993 The effect of sodium nitrate on the growth and survival of toad tadpoles (Bufo bufo) in the laboratory Herpetol J 3 4 147-148 Amphibia, anura, toad, Bufo bufo, tadpole, management, growth, sodium nitrate, survival Journal Article Balazs, G.H.;Fujioka, R.;Fujioka, C. 1993 Marine Turtle Faeces on Hawaiian Beaches Mar Pollut Bull 26 7 392-394 CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLE Journal Article Baldwin, A.L.;Ferrer, P.;Rozum, J.S.;Gore, R.W. 1993 Regulation of Water Balance Between Blood and Lymph in the Frog, Rana-Pipiens Lymphology 26 1 4-18 SINGLE MUSCLE CAPILLARIES; PUMPING ACTIVITY; BUFO-MARINUS; PLASMA; TRANSPORT; PRESSURE; AMPHIBIANS; FILTRATION; VESSELS; FORCES Journal Article Ball, James C. 1993 Book Review: Field Herpetology: Methods for the study of amphibians and reptiles in Minnesota Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 3 5 Journal Article Ball, James C. 1993 Herp hunting in Florida, May 15-28, 1993 Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 6 5-8 collecting Journal Article Ball, James C. 1993 Herp hunting in southern/central Florida Desert Monitor 23 4 27-31 Journal Article Ball, James C. 1993 Herp Hunting in southern/central Florida, 15-21 May 1993 Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 11 242-244 anolis carolinensis farancia thamnophis coluber nerodia sistrurus elaphe agkistrodon gastrophryne seminatrix crotalus acris hyla Journal Article Ball, James C. 1993 Hibernating snakes Desert Monitor 26 6 7-9 Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1993 Book Review: Australian snakes: A natural history Vivarium 5 1 10-11 Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1993 Leopard Geckos Reptile & Amphibian Magazine March/April 2-13 Eublepharis macularis captive care husbandry breeding Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1993 Book Review: A Practical Guide for feeding Captive Reptiles, and Captive Invertebrates: A Guide to Their Biology and Husbandry Vivarium 5 2 10-11 Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1993 Book Review: Gila Monster: Facts and Folklore of America's Aztec Lizard Vivarium 5 3 8-9;11 Journal Article Banks, Brian;Beebee, Trevor J. C.;Denton, Jonathan S. 1993 Long-term management of a natterjacktoad (Bufo calamita) population in southern Britain Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 155-168 Book Section Banks, Chris B. 1993 A regional approach to managing reptiles and amphibians in Australian zoos Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 59-65 Book Section Baquero de Pedret, B.;Quero de Pena, M. 1993 Manejo del Programa de Zoocriaderos de la especie baba (Caiman Crocodilus) en Venezuela Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 41-54 Book Section Baquero de Pedret, B.;Boede, E.O. 1993 Dermatitis en crias de caiman de la costa (Crocodilus acutus) en condiciones de cautivero Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 31-40 Book Section Baquero de Pedret, B.;Seijas, A.E.;Chang, A. 1993 Valores de crecimiento en caiman de la costa (Crocodilus acutus) en condiciones de cautivero Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 17-30 Journal Article Barber, M.J.;Trimboli, A.J.;Clark, M.;Young, C.;Neame, P.J. 1993 Purification and Properties of Alligator-Mississippiensis Cytochrome-c Arch Biochem Biophys 301 2 294-298 Journal Article Barber, M.J.;Trimboli, A.J.;Clark, M.;Young, C.;Neame, P.J. 1993 Purification and properties of Alligator mississippiensis cytochrome-C Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 301 2 294-298 AM, biochemistry, Cytochrome c has been purified to homogeneity from alligator liver (Alligator mississipiensis) using aluminum sulfate precipitation, CM- cellulose and gel-filtration chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC. The protein exhibited a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an approximate molecular weight of 12,000 Da. Oxidized and reduced visible spectra yielded maxima at 408 (tau) nm and 315 (delta), 415 (tau), 520 (beta), and 550 (alpha) nm, respectively, while potentiometric titrations in the presence of dye-mediators yielded an Eo of +265 mV. N-terminal analysis of the protein yielded no sequence which indicates a blocked residue. A combination of amino acid sequencing, using peptides obtained from Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, endoproteinase Lys-C, and CNBr digests of the protein and total amino acid analyses, using equine and avian cytochromes c as standards yielded the primary sequence GDVEKGKKIFVQKCAQCHTVEKGGKHKTGPNLHGLIGRKTGQAPGFSYTEANKNKGITWGEETLMEYLE NPKKYIPGTKMIFAGIKKKPERADLIAYLKEATSN. Comparison with sequences of other cytochromes c indicated the closest similarity to cytochrome c from snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) with substitutions at five positions corresponding to residues 32 (His-->Asn), 44 (Glu-->Pro), 89 (Ala-->Pro), 100 (Asp-->Glu), and 104 (Lys-->Asn), respectively. The presence of Pro and Asn residues at positions 89 and 104, respectively, are unique to alligator cytochrome c. Journal Article Barbieri, Francesco;Tiso, Eugenio 1993 Nuove stazioni di Salamandrina terdigitata nell'Appennino settentrionale (Versante Padano) Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 21 383-385 Journal Article Barker, David G. 1993 Bold confidence and white boas Vivarium 4 4 20-22 Boa constrictor Journal Article Barlow, R.B.;Birge, R.R.;Kaplan, E.;Tallent, J.R. 1993 On the Molecular Origin of Photoreceptor Noise Nature 366 6450 64-66 PRIMARY PHOTOCHEMICAL EVENTS; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; EXTRACELLULAR PH; SCHIFF-BASE; RHODOPSIN; RETINA; TOAD; PERFORMANCE; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEM Journal Article Barnes, W.S. 1993 Extracellular Calcium and the Inotropic Effect of Cooling on Isolated Skeletal Muscle J Therm Biol 18 1 53-59 Skeletal Muscle; Temperature; Calcium; Isometric Contraction; LIGHT CHAIN PHOSPHORYLATION; FROG; MYOSIN; FIBERS; TEMPERATURE; EPINEPHRINE; RELEASE Journal Article Barnes, S.;Merchant, V.;Mahmud, F. 1993 Modulation of transmission gain by protons at the photoreceptor output synapse Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 21 10081-5 alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/pharmacology; Ambystoma; Aminobutyric Acids/pharmacology; Animal; Calcium Channels/*physiology; Cones (Retina)/physiology; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro; Kainic Acid/pharmacology; Light; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Photoreceptors/drug effects/*physiology; Protons; Quisqualic Acid/pharmacology; Receptors, Glutamate/physiology; Rods (Retina)/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Synapses/drug effects/*physiology; *Synaptic Transmission Synaptic transmission of the light response from photoreceptors to second-order cells of the retina was studied with the whole-cell patch- clamp technique in tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retinal slices. Synaptic strength is modulated by extracellular pH in a striking manner: Light-sensitive postsynaptic currents in horizontal and bipolar cells were found to be exponential functions of pH, exhibiting an e-fold increase per 0.23 pH unit over the pH range from 7 to 8. Calcium channel currents in isolated photoreceptors were measured and also exhibited proton sensitivity. External alkalinization from pH 7 to 8 shifted the voltage dependence of channel activation negative by 12 mV. A model of the synaptic transfer function suggested that presynaptic Ca channels could be the primary sites of proton action. Increased Ca influx and transmitter release brought about by alkalinization give rise to larger postsynaptic currents. These results suggest that activity-dependent interstitial pH changes known to occur in the retina, while not alleviating signal clipping at this synapse, may provide an adaptative mechanism controlling gain at the photoreceptor output synapse. Journal Article Barnett, Brain 1993 My say Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 5 2 40-50 Journal Article Baron, J.P.;Ferriere, R.;Saintgirons, H. 1993 The Morphological Differentiation of 4 French Populations of Vipera ursinii ursinii Bonaparte, 1835 Rev Suisse Zool 100 1 187-196 Reptilia; Viperidae; Vipera-Ursinii; Morphology; France Journal Article Baron, Jean-Pierre;Ferriere, Regis;Saint Girons, Hubert 1993 Differenciation morphologique de quatre popuations francaises de Vipera ursinii ursinii Bonaparte, 1835 (Reptilia, Viperidae) Revue suisse de Zoologie 100 1 187-196 Journal Article Baron, Jean-Pierre;Ferriere, Régis;Saint Girons, Hubert 1993 Différenciation morphologique de quatre populations françaises de Vipera ursinii ursinii Bonaparte, 1835 (reptilia, Viperidae) Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100 1 187-196 Journal Article Barrentine, C.D. 1993 Toads (Bufo boreas Baird & Girad) Obtain No Calories from Ingested Sphenophorus phoeniciensis Chittenden (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Pan-Pac Entomol 69 1 15-17 Insecta; Bufo-Boreas; Sphenophorus-Phoeniciensis; Sphenophorus-Venatus-Vestitus; Curculionidae; Weevils; Billbugs; Toads; Fecal Pellets; Survival Journal Article Barrentine, C.D. 1993 Sphenophorus spp (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Survive Multiple Passage Through the Digestive Tract of Western Toad (Bufo-Boreas) Coleopts Bull 47 1 19-20 Journal Article Barrentine, Carl D. 1993 Toads (Bufo boreas Baird & Girard) obtain no calories from ingested Sphenophorus phoeniciensis Chittenden (Coleoptera: Coleoptera) Pan-Pacific Entomologist 69 1 15-17 Journal Article Barrentine, Carl D. 1993 Sphenophorus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) survive passage through the digestive tract of western toad (Bufo boreas) The Coleoptera Bulletin 47 1 19-20 Journal Article Barret, Paul E. 1993 Habitat modeling for spotted frogs and western toads Idaho Herp News 6 2 10 rana pretiosa bufo boreas Journal Article Barreto, Claudia;Albrecht, Ralph M.;Bjorling, Dale E.;Horner, John R.;Wilsman, Norman J. 1993 Evidence of the growth plate and the growth of long bones in juvenile dinosaurs Science 262 2020-2023 Journal Article Barrie, M.T.;Castle, E.;Grow, D. 1993 Diseases of chameleons at the Oklahoma City Zoological Park Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Conference of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians reptilia, squamata, chamaeleonidae, Chameleo, pathology, review October 10-15, 1993St. Louis Book Section Barrington, David;corns, Tony 1993 fauna laws in South Australia Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 356-358 Journal Article Barrio, Isabel T. Mercadal de;Barrio, Alfonso 1993 Una nueva especie de Proceratophrys (Leptodactylidae) del nordeste de Argentina [A new species of Proceratophrys (Leptodactylidae) from northeast Argentina] Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 13-18 Journal Article Barten, Stephen 1993 Ask the vet: scientific nomenclature Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 8 9 Journal Article Barten, Stephen L. 1993 Ask the Vet: Fecal examinations Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 10 10 Journal Article Barten, Stephen L. 1993 Ask The Vet: Euthanasia Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 12 7 Journal Article Barten, S.L. 1993 The Medical Care of Iguanas and Other Common Pet Lizards Vet Clin N Amer-Small Anim 23 6 1213-1249 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) nesting behavior Vivarium 4 4 27-29 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck;Fedorchak, Sheri;Borthwick, Sandra 1993 Interesting herp observations at Zion and Capitol Reef National Parks Intermontanus 2 5 2-3 masticophis crotalus viridis lutosus Utah sonora semiannulata sceloporus pituophis thamnophis cnemidophorus hypsiglena tantilla callisaurus Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Book Review: Snakes: Ecology and Behavior Intermontanus 2 5 5 Book Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Checklist of the amphibians & reptiles of Utah Logan, Utah Utah Association of Herpetologists Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Key to the amphibians of Utah Intermontanus 2 3 3-4 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Interpreting the Utah amphibians and reptile regulations (R608-3) Intermontanus 2 2 3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 A new subspecies of gartersnake in Utah Intermontanus 2 1 1-2 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Nutritional composition of various foods for herbivorous reptiles Intermontanus 2 1 2-3 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Book Review: Biology, Snakes: Ecology & Behavior Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 11 10 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1993 Classification of the Boidae Sonoran Herpetologist 6 11 106 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck;Lleyson, Cynthia 1993 Charina bottae (Rubber Boa). Food Herpetological Review 24 3 105-106 Book Bartholomew, Breck 1994 1993 Herpetological Index Logan, UT Bibliomania Bibliography Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1993 "Herping" Texas: The Gauadalupe River and Langtry. Part II Notes From NOAH 20 5 2-6 crotalus atrox rhinocheilus lecontei thamnophis marcianus coleonyx brevis gambelia wislizenii lampropeltis getula splendida captive care collecting Journal Article Bartlett, Richard 1993 Frogs & Toads on review Reptiles 1 1 22-25 Journal Article Bartlett, Richard 1993 Properly caring for true chameleons Reptiles 1 1 26-33 Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1993 A trio of Appalachian salamanders Reptile & Amphibian magazine November/December 31-41 plethodon yonahlossee petraeus Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1993 "Herping" Texas: The Gauadalupe River and Langtry. Part I Notes From NOAH 20 4 7-10 graptemys caglei barbouri versa lampropeltis alterna blairi mexicana crotalus lepidus sceloporus merriami cophosaurus texanus Journal Article Basford, Susan J. 1993 A sceloporus lizard population in southern New Jersey Sonoran Herpetologist 6 9 90-92 undulatus hyacinthinus Journal Article Bauer, A.M.;Russell, A.P.;Shadwick, R.E. 1993 Skin mechanics and morphology of 2 species of Pachydactylus (Reptilia, gekkonidae) S Afr J Zool 28 4 192-197 GECKOLEPIS-TYPICA REPTILIA; AUTOTOMY Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1993 Second World Congress of Herpetology Literature review Herpetological Review 24 2 69-71 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1993 Book Review: Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia Herpetological Review 24 2 72-73 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P;Dollahon, Norman R. 1993 Function of the mite pockets of lizards: a reply to E. N. Arnold Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 4 865-868 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P.;Shadwick, Robert E. 1993 Skin mechanics and morphology of the gecko Teratoscincus scincus Amphibia-Reptilia 14 4 321-332 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P. 1993 Aristelliger Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 565 1-4 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P. 1993 Aristelliger barbouri Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 566 1 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P. 1993 Aristelliger georgeensis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 568 1-2 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P. 1993 Aristelliger hechti Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 569 1-2 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P. 1993 Aristelliger lar Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 570 1-3 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P. 1993 Aristelliger praesignis Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 571 1-4 Journal Article BAUER, A. M.;RUSSELL, A. P.;DOLLAHON, N. R. 1993 Function of the mite pockets of lizards - Reply Can. J. Zool. 71 4 865-868 Reptilia, sauria, gecko, Rhacodactylus sp., infection, mite, Neotrombicula Arnold's critique misidentifies the goals of Bauer et al. (A. M. Bauer, A. P. Russell, and N. R. Dollahon, 1990. Can. J. Zool. 68: 1196-1201). Because Arnold's premise is that adaptation is responsible for the evolution of mite pockets, his arguments are necessarily panselectionist. Although available evidence regarding putative acarodomata is ambiguous, the argument of Bauer et al. that phylogenetic or structural constraint is responsible for the presence of integumentary pockets in at least some gekkonid lineages remains the most robust working hypothesis. Arnold's arguments regarding the damage-ameliorating function of mite pockets are not supported by data from either the hosts or the parasites. Reprint Endnote 93/466 Conference Proceedings Bauer, A.M. 1993 African-South American relationships: A perspective from the reptilia 244-288 Book Section Bauer, A. M. 1993 African-South American relationships: A perspective from the Reptilia Goldblatt, P. Biological Relationships between Africa and South America New Haven Yale University Press 244-288 reptiles, biogeography, phylogentic, diversity, abundance, Journal Article Bauer, Aaron 1993 Reptiles and amphibians of Australia Herpetological Review 24 2 69-73 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron;Good, David A.;Günther, Rainer 1993 An annotated type catalogue of the caecilians and salamanders (Amphibia: Gymnophiona and Caudata) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 2 285-306 Amphibia, Caudata, Gymnophiona, type catalogue Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Sadler, Roass A. 1993 Systematics, biogeography and conservation of the lizards of New Caledonia Biodiversity Letters 1 107-122 Lizards, New Caledonia, phylogeny, historical biogeography conservation Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P.;Dollahon, Norman R. 1993 Function of the mite pockets of lizards: A lizard to E. N. Arnold Can. J. Zool. 71 865-868 Rhacodactylus Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Sadlier, Ross A. 1993 Systematics, biogeography and conservation of the lizards of New Caledonia Biodiversity Letters 1 107-122 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1993-1996 A living plenosaur?: A critical assessment of the description of Cadborosaurus willsi Cryptozoology 12 1-18 Journal Article Baumann, Mark 1993 The Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla) Vivarium 4 4 32-33 Hyla regilla; cadaverina; versicolor, cinerea; arenicolor; Pseudacris regilla Journal Article Baverstock, P. R.;King, D.;King, M.;Birrell, J.;Krieg, M. 1993 The evolution of species of the Varanidae - Microcomplement fixation analysis of serum albumins Aust J Zool 41 6 621-638 Reptilia, sauria, varanidae, blood, serum, values Phylogenetic relationships among 30 of the 40 species in the Varanidae were examined in the light of molecular information on albumin evolution derived from microcomplement fixation. A phylogeny based on these results is compared with proposed phylogenies based on data obtained using other techniques. Three separate radiations of Varanus are found in Australia, The movement of varanids to Australia from south-east Asia is thought to have occurred approximately 15-20 million years ago. Journal Article Bavetz, Mark J. 1993 Plethodon glutinosus (Northern Slimy Salamander). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 24 2 63 geographic distribution Journal Article Bavetz, Mark J. 1993 Thamnophis radix radix (Eastern Plains Garter Snake). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 24 2 69 geographic distribution Journal Article Baxter, C.F.;Baldwin, R.A.;Lu, P.M.;Imaki, H.;Sturman, J.A. 1993 Taurine in Toad Brain and Blood Under Different Conditions of Osmolality - An Immunohistochemical Study Neurochem Res 18 4 425-435 Taurine; Osmolality; AMINO-ACID CONCENTRATIONS; CENTRAL NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RAT-BRAIN; OSMOTIC REGULATION; GLUTAMATE; WATER; OSMOREGULATION; METABOLISM; ELEVATION; ASPARTATE Journal Article Bayless, Mark K. 1993 Reproductive notes on the black roughneck monitor lizard (Varanus rudicollis Gray, 1845) Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 11 16 Journal Article Beachy, Christopher K. 1993 Guild structure in streamside salamander communities: A test for interactions among larval Plethodontid salamanders Journal of Herpetology 27 4 465-468 Journal Article Beachy, C. K. 1993 Differences in variation in egg size for several species of salamanders (Amphibia: Caudata) that use different larval environments Brimleyana 18 71-82 egg size, salamander, environment Journal Article Beamish, F.W. 1993 Environmental Sex Determination in Southern Brook Lamprey, Ichthyomyzon gagei Can J Fisheries Aquat Sci 50 6 1299-1307 PETROMYZON-MARINUS; TEMPERATURE; FISH; AGE; ABUNDANCE; REPTILES; SUPERIOR; BIOLOGY; RATIO Journal Article Beane, Jeffery C.;Alford, Stanley L. 1993 Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (Eastern Tiger Salamander). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 2 63 geographic distribution Journal Article Beane, Jeffery C.;Alford, Stanley L. 1993 Eurycea longicauda guttonlieata (Three-lined Salamander). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 2 63 geographic distribution Journal Article Beane, Jeffery C.;Alford, Stanley L. 1993 Hemidactylium scutatum (Four-toed Salamander). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 2 63 geographic distribution Journal Article Beane, Jeffery C.;Somers, Ann Berry 1993 Plethodon yonaholssee (Yonahlossee Salamander). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 2 63 geographic distribution Journal Article Beane, Jeffrey C.;Somers, Ann Berry 1993 Grynophilus porphyriticus (spring salamander). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 3 107 Journal Article Beane, Jeffrey C.;Somers, Ann Berry;Everhart, J. Richard 1993 Clemmys muhlenbergii (bog turtle). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 3 108 Journal Article Beane, Jeffrey C. 1993 A survey of bog turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) habitat in the western Piedmont of North Carolina Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 11 240-242 Journal Article BEATTIE, R. C.;ASTON, R. J.;MILNER, A. G. P. 1993 Embryonic and larval survival of the common frog (Rana temporaria L.) in acidic and limed ponds Herpetol J 3 1 43-48 Amphibia, anura, Rana temporaria, breeding, environment, acidity, limestone Limestone was added to two acidic ponds in upland, northern England in an attempt to improve the survival of embryos and larvae of the common frog (Rana temporaria L.). As expected, the addition of limestone to the ponds resulted in a significant increase in both the pH and the dissolved calcium concentration of the pond water. Fertilization success of common frog eggs was approximately 87% in acidic water and increased to 100% following liming. Embryonic survival in the two acidic ponds increased from 0% and 22% to 69% and 93% respectively following liming. A year after liming, embryonic survival in one pond had decreased significantly from 93% to 79%. It was estimated that at least 2.1% of the eggs deposited in a limed pond gave rise to metamorphs. The environmental implications of liming acidic frog breeding ponds are discussed. Journal Article Beaupre, S.J.;Dunham, A.E.;Overall, K.L. 1993 The Effects of Consumption Rate and Temperature on Apparent Digestibility Coefficient, Urate Production, Metabolizable Energy Coefficient and Passage Time in Canyon Lizards (Sceloporus merriami) from 2 Populations Funct Ecol 7 3 273-280 Digestion; Reptiles Journal Article Beaupre, S.J. 1993 An Ecological Study of Oxygen Consumption in the Mottled Rock Rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus lepidus, and the Black-Tailed Rattlesnake, Crotalus molossus molossus, from 2 Populations Physiol Zool 66 3 437-454 LIZARD SCELOPORUS-MERRIAMI; THERMAL PHYSIOLOGY; GARTER SNAKE; METABOLISM; TEMPERATURE; SIZE; SEX Journal Article Beaupre, S.J. 1993 An ecological study of oxygen consumption in the mottled rock rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus, and the black-tailed rattlesnake,Cotalus molossus molossus, from two populations Physiol. Zool. 66 3 437-454 Reptilia, serpentes, mottled rock rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus, black-tailed rattlesnake,Cotalus molossus molossus, physiology, ogygen consumption Reprint Endnote 93/656 Journal Article Beck, J.S.;Hurst, A.M.;Lapointe, J.Y.;Laprade, R. 1993 Regulation of Basolateral K Channels in Proximal Tubule Studied During Continuous Microperfusion Am J Physiol 264 3 Part 2 F496-F501 Sodium Transport; Membrane Potential; PH; Cell Volume; TRANSEPITHELIAL SODIUM-TRANSPORT; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; SELECTIVE CHANNELS; CONVOLUTED TUBULE; FROG KIDNEY; MEMBRANE; CELLS; CONDUCTANCE; INVITRO Journal Article Beck, Jonathan M. 1993 Habitat studies for snakes Idaho Herp News 6 2 10 hypsiglena rhinocheilus sonora aemiannulats torquatus lecontei Journal Article Bedford, Gavin;Christian, Keith 1993 Eggs size of the prickly knob-tailed gecko (Nephrurus asper, Günther, 1876) with a priliminary comparison of investment per progeny among geckos Dactylus 1 4 38-41 australia cage gehyra variegata heterontia binoei crytodactylus amictopholis Journal Article Bedford, Gavin S.;Sullivan, Trevor 1993 Observations of intra and interspecific aggression and possible mating hierarchy in the northern childrens python (Liasis childreni) Herpetofauna 23 2 10-12 stimsoni hybridization Book Section Bedford, Gavin S.;Christian, Keith A.;Griffiths, Anthony D. 1993 Preliminary investigations on the reproduction of the frillneck lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii in the Northern Territory Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 127-131 Journal Article Beebee, T.J.C.;Fleming, L.V.;Race, D. 1993 Characteristics of Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) Breeding Sites on a Scottish Saltmarsh Herpetol J 3 2 68-69 Journal Article Beebee, Tjc;Fleming, L. V.;Race, D. 1993 Characteristics of Natterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) Breeding Sites on a Scottish Saltmarsh Herpetol J 3 2 68-69 Journal Article Beehler, J.W.;Mulla, M.S. 1993 Effect of the Insect Growth Regulator Methoprene on the Ovipositional Behavior of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus J Amer Mosquito Contr Assn 9 1 13-16 SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS; TADPOLE SHRIMP; TRISERIATUS; NOTOSTRACA; TRIOPSIDAE; MOSQUITOS Journal Article Beetschen, J.C.;Daguzan, C. 1993 Fertilization and Development of Axolotl Oocytes in Which Grey Crescent Formation Had Been Experimentally Elicited During Maturation C R Acad Sci [III] 316 8 730-735 Gray Crescent; Oocyte; Dorsoventral Polarity; SUBCORTICAL ROTATION; GRAY CRESCENT; XENOPUS EGGS; FROG EGGS; AXIS; SPECIFICATION; MICROTUBULES; GRAVITY; EMBRYOS Journal Article Behler, John L.;Pritchard, Peter C.H.;Rhodin, Anders G.J. 1993 Editorial: A new turtle and tortoise journal Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 1 2 Journal Article Behler, John L.;Bloxam, Quentin M. C.;Rakotovao, Edmond R.;Randriamahazo, Herilala J. A. R. 1993 New localities for pyxis planicauda in west-central Madagascar Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 1 49-51 Journal Article Behler, John 1993 Annual Report: Reptile Department staff Rep-Tales 1 4 4 Journal Article Behler, John 1993 Nixon Griffis remembered Rep-Tales 1 4 5 Journal Article Behler, J.L. 1993 That's a croc Wildl. Cons. 96 70-71 CPR, size, Journal Article Bell, Edwin L. 1993 Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus (Northern Fence Lizard). USA: Pennsylvania Herpetological Review 24 2 67 geographic distribution Journal Article Bell, Edwin L. 1993 Heterodon platirhinos (Eastern Hognose Snake). USA: Pennsylvania Herpetological Review 24 2 67 geographic distribution Journal Article Bels, V. L.;Goosse, Véronique;Kardong, K. V. 1993 Kinematic analysis of drinking by the lacertid lizard, Lacerta viridis (Squamates, Scleroglossa) Journal of Zoology, London 229 659-682 Journal Article Benbassat, J.;Shalev, O. 1993 Envenomation by Echis-Coloratus (Mid-East Saw-Scaled Viper) - A Review of the Literature and Indications for Treatment Isr J Med Sci 29 4 239-250 Echis; Envenomation; Antivenom Treatment; Decision Analysis; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; CARPET VIPER; PLATELET-AGGREGATION; CARINATUS VENOM; SNAKE-BITE; NECROSIS; HEPARIN; THERAPY; TRIAL Journal Article Bender, C.;Streit, B. 1993 Application of random amplified polymorphic DNE in conservation biology of lizards Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 86 1 43 Journal Article Bennett, Daniel 1993 A review of some literature concerning the rough-necked monitor lizard Varanus rudicollis Reptilian 1 9 7-10 Varanus rudicolis Journal Article Benslimane, B.;Durettedesset, M.C. 1993 Description of 4 New Species of Oswaldocruzia-Travassos, 1917 (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea) Parasite from Ecuadorian Amphibians Rev Suisse Zool 100 1 113-136 Nematoda; Trichostrongyloidea; Oswaldocruzia N-spp; Amphibians; Ecuador Journal Article Beresford, W. A. 1993 Fibrous trabeculae in the liver of alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Ann Anatomy 175 4 357-359 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia,Alligator mississippiensis, analomy, liver, fibrous trabeculae In the mature alligator, fibrous trabeculae run from the portal areas and capsule through the hepatic parenchyma. The extent of these trabeculae becomes clear only after staining for collagen with, for example, Fast green or Picrosirius red. The trabeculae are less well developed in young caiman. The alligator's liver might use the trabeculae to withstand thrashing of the body. Journal Article Beresford, W.A. 1993 Fibrous trabeculae in the liver of the alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) J. Anat. - Anat. Anzeiger 175 4 357-359 AM, anatomy, In the mature alligator, fibrous trabeculae run from the portal areas and capsule through the hepatic parenchyma. The extent of these trabeculae becomes clear only after staining for collagen with, for example, Fast green or Picrosirius red. The trabeculae are less well developed in young caiman. The alligator's liver might use the trabeculae to withstand thrashing of the body. Journal Article Bergallo, Helena Godoy;Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte 1993 Activity patterns and body temperatures of two sympatric lizards (Tropidurus torquatusand Cnemidophorus ocellifer) with different foraging tactics in southeastern Brazil Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 312-315 Journal Article Bergallo, H. G.;Rocha, C. F. D. 1993 Activity patterns and body temperatures of two sympatric lizards (Tropidurus torquatus and Cnemidophorus ocellifer) with different foraging tactics in southeastern Brazil Amphibia-Reptilia 14 312-315 reptiles, lizards, thermal, foraging mode, Journal Article Berger, Leszek;Rybacki, Mariusz 1993 Growth an maturity of brown frogs, Rana arvalia and Rana temporaria, in central Poland Alytes 11 1 17-24 Journal Article Berrebi, P.;Cattaneoberrebi, G.;Lebrun, N. 1993 Natural Hybridization of 2 Species of Tetraploid Barbels - Barbus meridionalis and Barbus-Barbus (Osteichtyes, Cyprinidae) in Southern France Biol J Linn Soc 48 4 319-333 Duplicate Gene Expression; Isozymes; Biometry; DUPLICATE GENE-EXPRESSION; HYBRID ZONES; FISHES; NOTROPIS; ISOZYME; LOCUS; ANURA Report Berry, Kristin H. 1993 Answering questions about desert tortoises: A guide for people who work with the public in California Book Berry, Kristin H. 1993 Answering questions about desert tortoises: A guide for people who work with the public in California Riverside, CA Bureau of Land Management 43 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Bertoni, Ribello 1993 Tomato frogs Reptile & Amphibian magazine November/December 50-53 dyscophus antongili insularis captive breeding reproduction Journal Article Beshkov, Vladimir A.;Buskirk], [translated by James R. 1993 [1984] On distribution, relative abundance and protection of tortoises in Bulgaria Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 1 53-62 Journal Article Beutler, Axel;Assmann, Otto;Drobny, Manfred;Schilling, Detlef 1993 Die ringelnatter (Natrix natrix natrix Linnaeus, 1758) in Südbayern - bestandssituation, gefährdung und schutz [The grass snake (Natrix natrix natrix) in southern Bavaria] Mertensiella 3 171-180 Natrix natrix; Germany; Sutharn bavaria; Alpes; Danube; Pfaffenhofen; Biogeography; Protection; Status Book Bhaskar, Satish 1993 The status and ecology of sea turtles in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Mamallapuram Madras Crocodile Bank leatherback/olive ridley/conservation Journal Article Bhupathy, S.;Vijayan, V. S. 1993 Aspects of the feeding ecology of Lissemys punctata (Testudines: Trionychidae) in Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, India Hamadryad 18 13-16 diet scat analysis fecal Journal Article Bibikova, A.;Oron, U. 1993 Promotion of muscle regeneration in the toad (Bufo viridis) gastrocnemius muscle by low-energy laser irradiation Anat Rec 235 3 374-380 Amphibia, anura,Bufo viridis, physiology, muscle regeneration, laser The effect of low-energy laser (He-Ne) irradiation on the process of skeletal muscle regeneration after cold injury to the gastrocnemius muscle of the toad (Bufo viridis) was studied using quantitative histological and morphometric methods. The injured zones in the experimental toads were subjected to five direct He-Ne laser (632.8 nm wavelength) irradiations (6.0 mW for 2.3 min) every alternate day starting on the fourth day postinjury. Muscles that were injured as above, and subjected to red-light irradiation, served as a control group. Morphometric analysis was performed on histological sections of injured areas at 9, 14, and 30 days postinjury. At 9 days postinjury, mononucleated cells populated 69.3% +/-16.8% of the total area of injury. Thereafter, their volume fraction (percent of total injured zone) decreased gradually but more rapidly in the laser-irradiated muscle than in the control. The volume fraction of the myotubes in the laser-irradiated muscles at 9 days of muscle regeneration was significantly higher (7.0% +/- 2.2%) than in the control muscle (1.2% +/- 0.4%). Young myofibers in the laser- irradiated muscles populated 15.5% +/- 7.9% and 65.0% +/- 9.5% of the injured area at 9 and 14 days of muscle regeneration, respectively, while in control muscles these structures were not evident at 9 days and made up only 5.3% +/- 2.9% of the traumatized area at 14 days postinjury. The volume fraction of the young myofibers further increased by 30 days of muscle regeneration making up 75.7% +/- 13.2% of the traumatized area, while in the laser-irradiated muscles most of the injured zone was filled with mature muscle fibers. It is concluded that He-Ne laser irradiation during the regeneration process markedly promotes muscle maturation in the injured zone following cold injury to the toad gastrocnemius muscle. Journal Article Bickham, John W.;Hanks, Brian G.;Hale, David W.;Martin, John E. 1993 Ploidy diversity and the production of balanced gametes in male twist-necked turtles (Platemys platycephala) Copeia 1993 3 723-727 Journal Article Biella, Hans-Jürgen;Völkl, Wolfgang 1993 Die biologie der kreuzotter (Vipera berus, L. 1758) in Mitteleuropa - ein kurzer Überblick [The biology of the adder (Vipera berus) in Central Europe] Mertensiella 3 311-318 Vipera berus; Biology; Dinurnal activity; Sloughing intervals; Reproduction; Prey; Enemies; Population structure Journal Article Biesterfeldt, Jennifer M.;Petranka, James W.;Sherbondy, Shane 1993 Prevalence of chemical interference competition in natural populations of wood frogs, Rana sylvatica Copeia 1993 3 688-695 decline amphibian Journal Article Bigiani, A.;Roper, S. D. 1993 Identification of electrophysiologically distinct cell subpopulations in Necturus taste buds J Gen Physiol 102 1 143-70 Action Potentials/physiology; Animal; Calcium Channels/drug effects/metabolism; Cell Membrane/physiology; Electrophysiology; Epithelium/cytology; Histocytochemistry; In Vitro; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects; Necturus; Potassium Channels/drug effects/metabolism; Sodium Channels/drug effects/metabolism; Solutions; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste Buds/*cytology/*physiology; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology We used the patch clamp technique to record from taste cells in thin transverse slices of lingual epithelium from Necturus maculosus. In this preparation, the epithelial polarity and the cellular organization of the taste buds, as well as the interrelationships among cells within the taste bud, were preserved. Whole-cell recording, combined with cell identification using Lucifer yellow, allowed us to identify distinct subpopulations of taste cells based on their electrophysiological properties. Receptor cells could be divided in two groups: one group was characterized by the presence of voltage-gated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ currents; the other group was characterized by the presence of K+ currents only. Therefore, receptor cells in the first group would be expected to be capable of generating action potentials, whereas receptor cells in the second group would not. Basal taste cells could also be divided into two different groups. Some basal cells possessed voltage-gated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ conductances, whereas other basal cells only had K+ conductance. In addition to single taste cells, we were able to identify electrically coupled taste cells. We monitored cell- cell coupling by measuring membrane capacitance and by observing Lucifer yellow dye coupling. Electrical coupling in pairs of dye- coupled taste receptor cells was strong, as indicated by experiments with the uncoupling agent 1-octanol. Electrically coupled receptor cells possessed voltage-gated currents, including Na+ and K+ currents. The electrophysiological differentiation among taste cells presumably is related to functional diversifications, such as different chemosensitivities. Journal Article Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P.;Russell, Anthony P 1993 Effects of preservation on wing morphometry of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) Journal of Zoology, London 230 141-158 Journal Article Birchard, G.F.;Reiber, C.L. 1993 A Comparison of Avian and Reptilian Chorioallantoic Vascular Density J Exp Biol 178 245-249 Reptile; Bird; Chorioallantois; Vascular Density; Gas Exchange; Chicken; Gallus-Gallus; Quail; Coturnix-Coturnix; Turtle; EGG; METABOLISM; HYPOXIA Journal Article Birkhead, T.R.;Moller, A.P. 1993 Sexual Selection and the Temporal Separation of Reproductive Events - Sperm Storage Data from Reptiles, Birds and Mammals Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 50 4 295-311 Reproductive Cycles; Sperm Competition; Reproductive Delays; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS; ANTECHINUS-STUARTII; VESPERTILIONID BAT; GARTER SNAKE; SPERMATOZOA; DURATION; COMPETITION; LIZARD; FERTILIZATION Journal Article Bishop, P. J.;Passmore, N. I. 1993 A new species of Arthroleptella Hewitt (Ranidae: Phrynobatrachinae) from the mist belt of the Natal highlands, South Africa Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36 3 17-20 New species; Natal highlands; South Africa; Arthroleptella ngongoniensis n. sp. Journal Article Bjorndal, K.A.;Bolten, A.B.;Lagueux, C.J. 1993 Decline of the Nesting Population of Hawksbill Turtles at Tortuguero, Costa-Rica Conservation Biology 7 4 925-927 Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B. 1993 Digestive efficiencies in herbivorous and omnivorous freshwater turtles on plant diets - Do herbivores have a nutritional advantage Physiol Zool 66 3 384-395 Reptilia, testudines, Trachemys scripta scripta, Pseudemys nelsoni, physiology, digestion, efficiency, herbivory, omnivory plant Digestive performances of two freshwater turtles-a herbivore and an omnivore-were compared on two diets of aquatic plants to test the prediction that the digestive efficiency (nutrient or energy gain per unit time) of herbivores is greater than that of omnivores on plant diets. On a diet of hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata, the herbivore gained significantly more nutrition from the diet on a daily basis, as a result of higher intake and more rapid digestive processing. When fed duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, the two turtle species bad equivalent digestive performances. Thus, the herbivore did not consistently outperform the omnivore. The herbivore had greater digestive efficiency on a diet that was extensively fermented (hydrilla), but, on a diet that underwent limited microbial degradation (duckweed), the herbivore bad no nutritional advantage over the omnivore. Reprint Endnote 93/517 Journal Article Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B.;Lagueux, C. J. 1993 Decline of the nesting population of hawksbill turtles at Tortuguero, Costa Rica Conservation Biology 7 4 925-927 hawksbill; conservation; Costa Rica Journal Article Blackburn, D.G. 1993 Chorioallantoic Placentation in Squamate Reptiles - Structure, Function, Development, and Evolution J Exp Zool 266 5 414-430 LIZARD SCELOPORUS-JARROVI; SNAKE THAMNOPHIS-ELEGANS; VIVIPAROUS LIZARD; GARTER SNAKE; VIRGINIA-STRIATULA; OXYGEN-AFFINITY; EXTRAEMBRYONIC MEMBRANES; NUTRITIONAL PROVISION; CROTAPHYTUS-COLLARIS; SPHENOMORPHUS-QUOYII Journal Article Blackburn, Daniel G. 1993 Standardized criteria for the recognition of reproductive modes in squamate reptiles Herpetologica 49 1 118-132 vivparity oviparity eumeces Journal Article Blackburn, D. G. 1993 Histology of the late-stage placentae in the matrotrophic skink Chalcides chalcides (Lacertilia, Scincidae) J Morphol 216 2 179-195 Reptilia, sauria, skink Lacertilia, Scincidae, Chalcides chalcides, anatomy, placenta, histology Examination of late-stage placental material of the lizard Chalcides chalcides from the Hubrecht Laboratorium (Utrecht, The Netherlands) reveals several cytological and histological specializations that appear to have been superimposed over a morphological pattern that is typical for squamates. The chorioallantoic placenta is highly vascularized and consists of a single mesometrial placentome and a generalized paraplacentomal region, both of which are epitheliochorial. The placentome is deciduate, and contains deeply interdigitating folds of hypertrophied uterine and chorioallantoic tissue. Chorionic epithelium lining the placentome comprises enlarged, microvilliated cells, a small proportion of which are diplokaryocytes. The placentomal uterine epithelium is not syncytial and consists of enlarged cells bearing microvilli. The yolk sac placenta is a true omphaloplacenta (sensu stricto), being formed by juxtaposition of uterine tissues to an avascular, bilaminar omphalopleure. Epithelium of the omphalopleure is stratified and is hypertrophied into papillae that project into detritus of the uterine lumen. The omphalopleure is separated from the yolk sac proper by a yolk cleft that is not confluent with the exocoelom and is not invaded by the allantois. Neither an omphalallantoic placenta nor a true choriovitelline placenta is present in late gestation. Morphologically, the mature placentae of C. chalcides are among the most specialized to have been described in reptiles, reflecting the substantial maternal-fetal nutrient transfer that occurs in this species. Journal Article Blackburn, D. G. 1993 Chorioallantoic placentation in squamate reptiles: structure, function, development, and evolution The Journal of Experimental Zoology 266 414-430 reptiles, reproduction, viviparity, eggs, Journal Article Blair, David W. 1993 Green Iguanas Reptiles 1 1 36-45 Journal Article Blair, Kathleen;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus (Southern Prairie Lizard). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 2 67 geographic distribution Journal Article Blair, Kathleen;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Sceloporus undulatus garmani (Northern Prairie Lizard). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 2 67 geographic distribution Journal Article Blair, Kathleen;Staley, James R., II;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains Rat Snake). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 2 67 geographic distribution Journal Article Blair, Kathleen B.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis (plains blind snake). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 3 110 Journal Article Blair, Kathleen B.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus (plains blind snake). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 3 110 Journal Article Blair, Kathleen B.;Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1993 Tropidoclonion lineatum (lined snake). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 3 110-111 Journal Article Blair, David W. 1993 Fiji banded iguanas: jems of the south seas Iguana Times 2 1 2-6 brachylophus fasciatus vitiensis Journal Article Blake, Hugh 1993 The Texas rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri) Vivarium 4 6 15-18 Journal Article Blanford, Michael J. 1993 A checklist and key to the skinks of Central Africa Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 7 140-143 acontias feylinia cophoscincopus cryptoblepharus eumecia leptosiaphos lygosoma mabuya panaspis proscelotes melanoseps sepsina scelotes scolecoseps Journal Article Blasus, R. 1993 My 1993 Midwestern conference experience Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 11 9 Journal Article Blasus, Randy 1993 Review of "Jurassic Park" Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 7 14 Journal Article Blatchford, David R. 1993 Toads seek protection beneath a tarantula (article review) Notes From NOAH 20 5 15-16 gastrophryne olivacea thamnophis proximis symbiosis Journal Article Blatchford, Dave 1993 Mouse spit, snake worship, and cell culture Notes From NOAH 20 6 11-12 aesculapius elaphe longissima quatuorlineata Journal Article Blatchford, D. R. 1993 Review: La gran iguana de Mona Notes From NOAH 20 8 19-20 cyclura stejnegeri Journal Article Blatchford, David 1993 Dinosaurs: Surviving the extinctions Notes From NOAH 20 11 19-23 Journal Article Blatchford, David 1993 Dinosaurs: going, gone, or just misplaced Notes From NOAH 20 10 23-26 Journal Article Blatchford, David 1993 Dinosaur extinction, the mystery resolved? Notes From NOAH 20 12 4-6 Journal Article Blatchford, David 1993 Pharmaceuticals from frog skin Notes From NOAH 21 3 17 Journal Article Blatchford, David 1993 Cannibalism in the Arizona tiger salamander Sonoran Herpetologist 6 12 117 ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum Journal Article Blaustein, A.R.;Yoshikawa, T.;Asoh, K.;Walls, S.C. 1993 Ontogenetic Shifts in Tadpole Kin Recognition - Loss of Signal and Perception Anim Behav 46 3 525-538 RANA-CASCADAE TADPOLES; SIBLING RECOGNITION; TOAD TADPOLES; PREFERENCE BEHAVIOR; FISH SCHOOLS; SYLVATICA; ASSOCIATION; SALAMANDERS; LARVAL; FROGS Journal Article Blaustein, L.;Kotler, B.P. 1993 Oviposition Habitat Selection by the Mosquito, Culiseta longiareolata - Effects of Conspecifics, Food and Green Toad Tadpoles Ecol Entomol 18 2 104-108 Bufo-Viridis; Culiseta-Longiareolata; Habitat Selection; Mosquito; Oviposition; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; BEHAVIOR Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R. 1993 Declining amphibian populations in perspective Park Science 13 4 8-9 amphibian decline Journal Article Blaustein, Leon;Kotler, Burt P. 1993 Oviposition habitat selections by the mosquito, Culiseta longiareolata: Effects of conspecifics, food and green toad tadpoles Ecological Entomology 18 104-108 Bufo viridis, Culiseta longiareolata, habitat selection, mosquito, oviposition Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;T. Yoshikawa, K. Asoh;Walls., S. C. 1993 Ontogenetic shifts in tadpole kin recognition - loss of signal and perception Animal Behaviour 46 525-538 Journal Article Blaustein, L.;Kotler., B. P. 1993 Oviposition habitat selection by the mosquito, Culiseta longiareolata: effects of conspecifics, food and green toad tadpoles. Ecol. Entomol. 18 104-108 Journal Article Blem, Charles R.;Killeen, Karen B. 1993 Circadian metabolic cycles in eastern cottonmouths and brown water snakes Journal of Herpetology 27 3 341-344 nerodia taxispilota agkistrodon piscivorus metabolism physiology Journal Article Blommersschlosser, R.M.A. 1993 Systematic Relationships of the Mantellinae Laurent 1946 (Anura-Ranoidea) Ethol Ecol Evol 5 2 199-218 Anura; Microhyloidea; Ranoidea; Mantellinae; Rhacophoridae; Osteology; Behaviour; Phylogenetic Systematics; Evolution Journal Article Blomstrom, David 1993 Symbolic Herptiles Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1993 Sept/Oct. 22-32 Journal Article Bloomer, Don 1993 Book Review: Captive Breeding Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 2 7 Journal Article Bobrov, V.V. 1993 Zoogeographic Analysis of the Lizard Fauna (Reptilia, Sauria) of Vietnam Zool Zh 72 8 70-79 Journal Article Bobrov, Vladimir V. 1993 Spatial organization of a tropical lizard comunity in a forested area of northern Vietnam Herpetozoa 6 1/2 21-28 Journal Article Bobrov, Vladimir V. 1993 A report on a collection of lizards (Reptilia, Sauria) from Son La Province (Northern Vietnam) Journal of Bengal Natural History Society new ser., 12 1 5-10 Journal Article Bodri, M. S.;Nolan, T. J.;Skeeba, S. J. 1993 Safety of Milbemycin (A(3)-A(4) Oxime) in Chelonians J Zoo Wildlife Med 24 2 171-174 Reptilia, testudines, Terrapene carolina major, Trachemys scripta elegans, infection, nematodes, therapy, ivermectin, Milbemycin (A(3)-A(4) Oxime) Red-eared sliders (Pseudemys scripta elegans) were given ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), milbemycin (A3-A4 oxime) (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg), or propylene glycol (0.2 ml/kg) p.o. to determine the sensitivity of these animals to these drugs and from these data to infer the safety of milbemycin. Half of the ivermectin-treated turtles showed paresis or flaccid paralysis. One animal died, and histology of the liver indicated a diffuse fatty change. No clinical evidence of toxicity was noted in the milbemycin-treated animals. A group of red-eared sliders and six Gulf Coast box turtles (Terrapene carolina major) were given 0.5 mg/kg milbemycin s.c. in the front leg. No deleterious effects or site reactions were clinically detected. Five ornate box turtles (Terrapene carolina ornata) with patent helminth infestations were treated s.c. with 0.25 mg/kg milbemycin and ceased to shed eggs in their feces following 1 or 2 doses. Book Bogert, Charles M.;Martín del Campo, Rafael 1993 The Gila Monster and Its Allies Lawrence, KS SSAR 242 Journal Article Bohme, W.;Sieling, U. 1993 Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Genitalstruktur, Paarungsverhalten und Fortpflanzungserfolg bei squamaten Reptilien: erste Ergebnisse Herpetofauna 15 15-23 reptiles, reproduction Journal Article Bolten, A. B.;Martins, H.R.;Bjorndal, K.A.;Gordon, J. 1993 Size distribution of pelagic-stage loggerhead sea turtles (Carreta carreta) in the waters around the Azores and Madeira Arquipelago Ciencias da Natureza 11 49-54 loggerhead Journal Article Boncinelli, E.;Gulisano, M.;Pannese, M. 1993 Conserved Homeobox Genes in the Developing Brain C R Acad Sci [III] 316 9 979-984 Emx; Otx; Mouse; Frog; Embryos; Forebrain; EMPTY SPIRACLES; HEAD DEVELOPMENT; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; RETINOIC ACID; EXPRESSION; FOREBRAIN; MOUSE; EMBRYO Journal Article Bone, L.B.;Willardmack, C.L.;Ruble, G.;Cranfield, M. 1993 Diagnostic Exercise - Ulcerative Dermatitis and Cellulitis in American Toads Laboratory Animal Science 43 6 619-621 Journal Article Bonnet, Xavier;Naulleau, Guy 1993 Relations entre la glycémie et l'activité saisonnière chez Vipera aspis L. [Relation between blood sugar and seasonal activity in Vipera aspis L.] Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 295-306 Journal Article Bonnet, Xavier;Naulleau, Guy 1993 Relations entre la glycémie et l'activité saisonnière chez Vipera aspis L. Amphibia-Reptilia 14 295-306 Journal Article Booz, G.W.;Bianchi, C.P. 1993 2-Deoxyglucose Transport by the Frog Sartorius - Effects of Electrical Stimulation and N-Carbobenzoxy-Glycyl-L-Phenylalaninamide Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 106 3 471-477 GLUCOSE-TRANSPORT; SUGAR-TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE-TRANSPORT; RAT ADIPOCYTES; CELLS; INHIBITORS; MUSCLE; DEOXYGLUCOSE; INSULIN; SYSTEM Book Section Borges, G.A.;Arruda Filho, A. 1993 Avaliacao do potencial de ninhos sw Caiman Crocodilus yacare numa sub-regio do pantanal de pocone - MT Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 55-117 Journal Article Borjas, G.;Marten, G.G.;Fernandez, E.;Portillo, H. 1993 Juvenile Turtles for Mosquito Control in Water Storage Tanks J Med Entomol 30 5 943-946 Turtles; Mosquito Control; Biological Control; ERADICATION; EGGS Journal Article Borkhvardt, V.G.;Ivashintsova, E.B. 1993 Some Regularities in the Variation of the Paw Skeleton of Siberian Salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingii (Amphibia, Hynobiidae) Zool Zh 72 6 66-73 RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; REDUCTION Journal Article Borkhvardt, V. G. 1993 Development of arciferal and firmisternal connection between the pectoral girdle halves in amphibians Zool. Zhurn. 72 1 74-84 In Russian Journal Article Bos, J.H. 1993 Chemotherapy in Reptiles Tijdschr Diergeneesk 118 Suppl. S64 Journal Article Bottinelli, R.;Cappelli, V.;Morner, S.E.J.N.;Reggiani, C. 1993 Effects of Amrinone on Shortening Velocity and Force Development in Skinned Skeletal Muscle Fibres J Muscle Res Cell Motil 14 1 110-120 SARCOMERE-LENGTH; FAST-TWITCH; FIBERS; CONTRACTION; FROG; RAT; ATP; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; KINETICS Journal Article Bourne, G.R. 1993 Proximate Costs and Benefits of Mate Acquisition at Leks of the Frog Ololygon rubra Anim Behav 45 6 1051-1059 SEXUAL SELECTION; FEMALE CHOICE; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATING PREFERENCES; HYLA-VERSICOLOR; AUSTRALIAN FROG; EVOLUTION; PARASITES; BUFO; COMMUNICATION Journal Article Bourne, Godfrey R. 1993 Proximate costs and benefits of mate acquisition at leks of the frog Ololygon rubra Animal Behaviour 45 1051-1059 mate acquisition, leks, frog, Ololygon rubra Journal Article Bouron, A.;Potreau, D.;Raymond, G. 1993 Kinetic Analysis of the L-Type Calcium Current in Enzymatically Dissociated Ferret Ventricular Myocytes Gen Physiol Biophys 12 1 3-17 Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp; Ferret Heart; Ventricular Myocytes; L-Type Calcium Current; Inactivation; Reactivation; SLOW INWARD CURRENT; INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM; HEART-CELLS; GUINEA-PIGS; FROG ATRIUM; INACTIVATION; CHANNEL; DEPENDENCE; VOLTAGE; CONDUCTANCE Journal Article Bowen, B.;Avise, J.C.;Richardson, J.I.;Meylan, A.B.;Margaritoulis, D.;Hopkinsmurphy, S.R. 1993 Population Structure of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Conservation Biology 7 4 834-844 Journal Article Bowen, B.;Avise, J.C.;Richardson, J.I.;Meylan, A.B.;Margaritoulis, D.;Hopkins-Murphy, S.R. 1993 Population Structure of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Conservation Biology 7 4 834-844 Journal Article Bowen, B. W.;Avise, J. C.;Richardson, James I.;Meylan, A. B.;Margaritoulis, D.;Hopkins-Murphy, S. R. 1993 Population structure of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea Conservation Biology 7 4 834-844 genetics; loggerhead Journal Article Bowen, B.W.;Nelson, W.S.;Avise, J.C. 1993 A molecular phylogeny for marine turtles: trait mapping, rate assessment, and conservation relevance Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 90 5574-5577 DNA; conservation Journal Article Bowers, B.B.;Bledsoe, A.E.;Burghardt, G.M. 1993 Responses to Escalating Predatory Threat in Garter and Ribbon Snakes (Thamnophis) J Comp Psychol 107 1 25-33 ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR; SIRTALIS; DISPLAYS Book Section Bowker, Richard G. 1993 The thermoregulation of the lizards Cnemidophorus exanguis and C. velox: some consequences of high body temperature Wright, John W. and Vitt, Laurie J. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 117-132 Book Section Bowker, R. G. 1993 The thermoregulation of the lizards Cnemidophorus exsanguis and C. velox: some consequences of high body temperature Wright, J. W. and Vitt, L. J. Biology of whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 117-132 temperature, whiptails, desert, gradient Journal Article Bowles, Robert L. 1993 Clemmys insculpta (Wood Turtle). Canada: Ontario Herpetological Review 24 2 65 geographic distribution Journal Article Boyer, Thomas H. 1993 Green iguana care Desert Monitor 23 4 5-10 Journal Article Boykin, Ken;Zucker, Naida 1993 Winter aggregation on a small rock cluster by the tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus Southwestern Naturalist 38 3 304-306 hibernation Journal Article Boylan, Terry 1993 A note on growyh rates and diet of hatchling Moloch horridus Herpetofauna 23 2 32-34 incubation feeding food Journal Article Bozhkova, V.P.;Voronov, D.A.;Romanovskii, Y.M. 1993 The Initiation of Contraction Waves on the Surface of Frog Fertilized Eggs by Inositoltrisphosphate Biofizika 38 2 267-278 SEA-URCHIN EGGS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; CALCIUM WAVES; INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; AMPHIBIAN EGGS; ASCIDIAN EGG; ACTIVATION; RELEASE; CA-2+; PROPAGATION Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang;Busse, Klaus;Glaw, Frank 1993 The identity of Mantella cowani Boulenger, 1882 and Mantella haraldmeieri Busse, 1981 (Anura: Mantellinae) Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 269-274 Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang;Sieling, Ulrich 1993 Zum Zusammenhang zwishen Genitalstruktur, Parrungsverhalten und Fortpflanzungserfolg beu squamaten Reptilien: erste Ergebnisse Herpetofauna 15 82 15-23 Hemipenes; reproduction Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang;Sieling, Ulrich 1993 Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Genitalstruktur, Paarungverhalten und Fortflanzungserfolg bei squamaten Reptilien: erste Ergebnisse herpetofauna 15 82 15-23 Journal Article Bradford, D.F.;Tabatabai, F.;Graber, D.M. 1993 Isolation of Remaining Populations of the Native Frog, Rana muscosa, by Introduced Fishes in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California Conservation Biology 7 4 882-888 Journal Article Bradford, Gavin S. 1993 eye protection during basking by an albino olive python (Liasis olivaceus) Herpetofauna 23 2 39-40 Journal Article Bradley, D. 1993 Chemistry - Frog Venom Cocktail Yields a One-Handed Painkiller Science 261 5125 1117 Journal Article Bradley, D. 1993 Frog venom cocktail yields a one-handed painkiller Science 261 1117 chemistry, poison dart frog, Epipedobates tricolor, epibatidine, drug Journal Article Brady, S.T.;Sugimori, M.;Leopold, P.L.;Lin, J.W.;Chu, D.S.;Llinas, R. 1993 Activity-Dependent Inhibition of Neurotransmitter Release by Brefeldin-A Biol Bull 185 2 299-300 FROG NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION; ORGANELLE STRUCTURE; GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE; MEMBRANE; TRANSMITTER; ENDOSOMES; EXCHANGE; ARF Journal Article Brady, Francis 1993 Banded sand snake, Chilomeniscus cinctus Desert Monitor 23 2 26-27 Journal Article Brady, Francis (Pat) 1993 Mexican garter snake Thamnophis eques Desert Monitor 23 1 5-6 Journal Article Braekevelt, C.R. 1993 Fine Structure of the Retinal Epithelium of the Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma-Tigrinum) Histol Histopathol 8 2 257-264 Retinal Epithelium (RPE); Electron Microscopy; Amphibian; Tiger Salamander; Ambystoma-Tigrinum; PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; MYELOID BODIES; CELLS Journal Article Braekevelt, C.R. 1993 Fine Structure of the Retinal Photoreceptors of the Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma-Tigrinum) Histol Histopathol 8 2 265-272 Photoreceptors; Electron Microscopy; Amphibian; Tiger Salamander; Ambystoma-Tigrinum; CELLS Journal Article Braekevelt, C. R. 1993 Fine structure of the retinal epithelium of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) Histol Histopathol 8 2 257-64 Ambystoma; Animal; Bruch Membrane/ultrastructure; Capillaries/ultrastructure; Choroid/blood supply/ultrastructure; Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure; Melanocytes/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/*ultrastructure; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) consists of a single layer of large squamous-shaped cells. These RPE cells are but minimally infolded basally (sclerally) but show numerous apical (vitreal) processes that interdigitate with the photoreceptor cells. A series of apically-located tight junctions joins the RPE cells to form part of the blood-ocular barrier. Internally the RPE nucleus is large, vesicular and flattened. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum predominates in these cells with only occasional small profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum present. Polysomes and basally- located mitochondria are plentiful. Golgi zones, lipid droplets, lysosome-like bodies and phagosomes of outer segment material are also present. Myeloid bodies which may show ribosomes on their surface are also numerous. The round to oval melanosomes undergo retinomotor movements and in the light-adapted state reach almost to the external limiting membrane. Bruch's membrane or complexus basalis shows a pentalaminate structure with the central elastic lamina poorly represented. The choriocapillaris is a single layer of large anastomosing capillaries which are but minimally fenestrated. Journal Article Braekevelt, C. R. 1993 Fine structure of the retinal photoreceptors of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) Histol Histopathol 8 2 265-72 Adaptation, Ocular; Ambystoma; Animal; Microscopy, Electron; Photoreceptors/*ultrastructure; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The retinal photoreceptors of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) have been studied by light and electron microscopy in both light- and dark-adaptation. Rods and cones are present in this duplex retina in a ratio of about 20:1. As in other urodele species these photoreceptors are very large cells. The rod outer segment is composed of bi- membranous discs of uniform diameter displaying several very deep incisures. The rod inner segment displays an ellipsoid of mitochondria and a myoid region which changes in diameter during the lighting cycle indicating that rods undergo photomechanical movements. Rod nuclei are located at all levels of the outer nuclear layer and rod spherules are large and display several invaginated and superficial synaptic sites. Cone photoreceptors while large cells are smaller than the rods. They show a smaller tapering outer segment, a large distal ellipsoid of mitochondria and a prominent paraboloid of glycogen but no oil droplet within the inner segment. Judging by the width of the myoid region which remains similar throughout the lighting cycle, cones in this species show no retino-motor responses. Cone nuclei are less electron dense than rods and are also located at all levels of the outer nuclear layer. The cone synaptic pedicle is larger than that of the rods and also shows several invaginated and superficial synaptic sites. Journal Article Branch, William R. 1993 Book Review: The Reproductive Husbandry of Pythons and Boas Herpetological Review 24 1 37-38 Journal Article Branch, W. R.;Haagner, G. V. 1993 The skink Mabuya ivensii: new records from Zambia and Zaire, and the status of the subspecies Septemlineata Laurent 1964 and the genus Lubuya Horton 1972 Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 105-116 Book Branch, Bill 1993 Southern African Snakes and Other Reptiles: A Photographic Guide Sanibel, FL Ralph Curtis Books 144 Journal Article Branch, William R.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Good, David A. 1993 A review of the Namaqua gecko, Pachydactylus namaquensis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from southern Africa, with the description of two new species S. Afr. J. Zool. 31 2 53-69 P. kladaroderma, P. haackei Journal Article Branch, William R.;Haagner, G. V. 1993 The skink Mabuya ivensii: new records from Zambia and Zaire, and the status of the subspecies septemlineata Laurent 1964 and the genus Lubuya Horton 1972 Amphibia-Reptilia 14 105-115 Book Branch, Bill 1993 Southern African Snakes and other Reptiles: A Photographic Guide Cape Town Struk 144 p. Book Branch, Bill 1993 (2001) Southern African Snakes and other Reptiles: A Photographic Guide Cape Town Struk 144 p. Journal Article Branco, L.G.S.;Wood, S.C. 1993 Effect of Temperature on Central Chemical Control of Ventilation in the Alligator Alligator mississippiensis J Exp Biol 179 261-272 Central Chemoreceptors; Temperature; Hypercapnia; Control of Breathing; Crocodilia; Alligator-Mississippiensis; BODY-TEMPERATURE; INSPIRED CO2; TURTLE; LIZARD; CHEMOSENSITIVITY; RESPONSES; RECEPTORS; DRIVE Journal Article Branco, L. G.;Portner, H. O.;Wood, S. C. 1993 Interaction between temperature and hypoxia in the alligator Am. J. Physiol. 265 6 Pt 2 R1339-43 AM, temperature, physiology, respiration, metabolism, Hypoxia elicits behavioral hypothermia in alligators. Under normoxic conditions, the selected body temperature is 27.8 +/- 1.2 degrees C. However, when inspired O2 is lowered to 4%, selected body temperature decreases to 15.4 +/- 1.0 degrees C. The threshold for the behavioral hypothermia is between 4 and 5% inspired O2, the lowest threshold measured so far in terrestrial vertebrates. This study assessed the physiological significance of the behavioral hypothermia. The body temperature was clamped at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C for measurements of ventilation, blood gases, metabolic rate, plasma lactate, and acid-base status. Hypoxia-induced changes in ventilation, acid-base status, oxygen consumption, and lactate were proportional to body temperature, being pronounced at 35 degrees C, less at 25 degrees C, and absent at 15 degrees C. The correlation between selected body temperature under severe hypoxia and the measured parameters show that behavioral hypothermia is a beneficial response to hypoxia in alligators. Journal Article Branco, L.G.S.;Wood, S.C. 1993 Effect of temperature on central chemical control of ventilation in the alligator Alligator mississippiensis J. exp. Biol. 179 261-272 AM, physiology, temperature, respiration, Central chemoreceptor function was assessed in unanesthetized alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, at body temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 degrees C. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the fourth ventricle was perfused with mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) solutions of different pH values (7.1-7.9). Changes in pulmonary ventilation were evaluated with a pneumotachograph and arterial pH (pHa) was measured. Perfusion with low-pH solutions increased ventilation and arterial pH. Perfusion with high-pH solutions decreased ventilation and arterial pH. Mock CSF pH had a greater effect at higher temperatures. In the second experiment, the relative contributions of central and peripheral chemoreceptor drive to breathing were evaluated using hypercapnic gas mixtures to stimulate both central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Hypercapnia caused an increase in ventilation which was larger at higher temperatures. To stimulate only the peripheral chemoreceptors, the same hypercapnic gas mixtures were applied while the CSF pH of the fourth ventricle was kept constant by perfusion with a mock CSF solution. This reduced significantly the ventilatory response induced by hypercapnia. These data indicate that, regardless of the temperature, central chemoreceptors play a major role in the ventilatory regulation of the alligator. The change in pHa with temperature is compatible with the alphastat hypothesis. Journal Article Brandon, Ron;Silwinski, Robert P. 1993 In Memorium: Michael Alton Morris, February 25, 1956 - April 4, 1993 Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 5 104-106 Journal Article Brandt, Laura A.;Montgomery, Kent L.;Saunders, Arthur W.;Mazzotti, Frank J. 1993 Gopherus polyphemus (gopher tortoise). Burrows Herpetological Review 24 4 149 Journal Article Branson, Branley Allan 1993 American boa constrictors Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1993 Sept/Oct. 48-55 charina bottae lichanura trivirgata Journal Article Braswell, A. L. 1993 A report on Rana capito Froglog 7 2 Book Section Braysher, Mike 1993 The need for a critical review of the impact of pest animals on Australia's herpetofauna Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 36 Journal Article Breitweiser, Beth Ann 1993 Hyperkeratosis & vitamin A deficiency in terrapins Captive Breeding 1 4 28-30 Journal Article Brereton, Raymond N. 1993 Python kills pelican Herpetofauna 23 2 41-42 Journal Article Bres, O.;Nicoll, C.S. 1993 Effects of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, and Triiodothyronine on Prolactin Receptors in Larval and Adult Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) Journal of Experimental Zoology 266 4 290-298 BINDING-SITES; MALE RATS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; METAMORPHOSIS; THYROXINE; KIDNEYS; PLASMA; ADRENALS; TISSUES; LIVER Journal Article Bricker, Kathy 1993 Use of conditioning to reduce risks in feeding and handling large pythons Notes From NOAH 20 4 12-14 Journal Article Brillet, Ch. 1993 Behavioural cues in sex recognition by two species of nocturnal lizards: Eublepharis macularius and Paroedura pictus Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 71-82 Journal Article Brisbin, I. Lehr, Jr.;Bagshaw, Clarence 1993 Survival, weight changes, and shedding frequencies of captive scarlet snakes, Cemophora coccinea, maintained on an artificial liquid diet Herpetological Review 24 1 27-29 Journal Article Brisbin, I. Lehr;Bagshaw, Clarence 1993 Survival, weight changes, and shedding frequencies of captive scarlet snakes, Cemophora coccinea, maintained on an artificial liquid diet Herpetological Review 24 27-29 Journal Article Britson, Carol A.;Gutzke, William H. N. 1993 Antipredator mechanisms of hatchling freshwater turtles Copeia 1993 2 435-440 trachemys scripta chrysemys picta defense Journal Article Britson, C. A.;Gutzke, Whn 1993 Antipredator mechanisms of hatchling freshwater turtles Copeia 3 2 435-440 Reptilia, testudines, terrapin, antipredator mechanisms Populations of hatchling turtles are assumed to be under intense predation pressure until the individuals reach a size where they can no longer be taken by gape-limited predatory fish. This assumption is based solely on the physical capability of adult fish to engulf hatchlings and their co-occurrence with turtles in many habitats. It would appear that opportunistic feeders would take advantage of an influx of hatchlings upon emergence from a nest. However, there are only incidental accounts (unpubl.) of hatchlings found in stomach contents of predatory freshwater fish. Apparently hatchlings possess an effective, but previously undetermined, antipredator mechanism. Using largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) as a model predator, the objective of this experiment was to identify the mechanism(s) (taste, morphology, or behavior) used by hatchling turtles to avoid predation. Six experimental food treatments (ground internal organs and meat, ground shell and skin, ground whole turtle, dead hatchlings, anesthetized hatchlings, and active hatchlings) from two turtle species, the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta) and painted turtle (Chrysemys picta), and one control (ground fish cubes) were randomly presented to individually housed bass. Fish ate all treatments except active hatchlings which were attacked but subsequently egested unharmed. We conclude that hatchling behavior (e.g., clawing, biting, etc., which may be harmful to the gill apparati or digestive tract of bass) provides defense against predation. Through the course of the experiment, bass also exhibited learned avoidance of hatchlings. These fish may be associating the bright plastral colors and patterns common in these hatchlings with the behavior of the turtle. This is the first reported case of the ''noxious'' aspect of aposematic prey being associated with a behavioral rather than a chemical or a morphological defense. Journal Article Broadley, Donald G. 1993 Ankylosis in the shell bones of Kinixys homeana (Chelonii: Testudinae) Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 42 20 Kinixys homeana; Ankylosis; Africa Journal Article Broadley, D. G. 1993 A review of the Southern African species of Kinixys Bell (Reptilia: Testudinae) Annals of the Transvaal Museum 36 6 41-52 Journal Article Broadley, Donald G. 1993 Ankylosis in the shell bones of Kinixys homeana (Chelonii: Testudinidae) Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 42 20 Kinixys homeana; Ankylosis Book Broderick, A.C.;Godley, B.J. 1993 Glasgow University turtle conservation expedition to northern Cyprus 1993 Glasgow University Veterinary School loggerhead/conservation/sex ratio Journal Article Brodie, E.D. 1993 Homogeneity of the Genetic Variance-Covariance Matrix for Antipredator Traits in 2 Natural Populations of the Garter Snake Thamnophis ordinoides Evolution 47 3 844-854 Antipredator Behavior; Color Pattern; Garter Snake; Genetic Correlation; Heritability; Interpopulation Variation; Quantitative Genetics; Thamnophis-Ordinoides; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGICAL-DIFFERENTIATION; SCELOPORUS-OCCIDENTALIS; BEHAVIORAL VARIATION; STATISTICAL TESTS; BODY SIZE; SELECTION; CHARACTERS Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., Jr;Campbell, Jonathan A. 1993 A new salamander of the genus Oedipina (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from the Pacific Versant of Guatemala Herpetologica 49 2 259-265 Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., III 1993 Homogeneity of the genetic variance-covariance matrix for antipredator traits in two natural populations of the garter snakes Thamnophis ordinoides Evolution 47 3 844-854 behavior color pattern heritability interpopulation variation quantitative Book Section Brodie, Edmund D., III;Garland, Theodore, Jr 1993 Quantitative genetics of snake populations Seigel, Richard A. and Collins, Joseph T. Snakes: Ecology & Behavior New York McGraw-Hill, Inc. 315-362 Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., III 1993 Differential avoidance of coral snake banded patterns by free-ranging avian predators in Costa Rica Evolution 47 1 227-235 adaptive coloration antipredator mechanisms aposematism elapid mimicry coniophanes rhadinea geophis chironius mastigodryas clelia ninia lampropeltis micrurus erythrolamprus scaphiodontophis oxyrhopus liophis urotheca Elapid Snakes; Mimicry; Vertebrates; RECOGNITION; BEHAVIOR Journal Article Brodie, E.D. 1993 Consistency of Individual Differences in Anti-Predator Behaviour and Colour Pattern in the Garter Snake, Thamnophis ordinoides Anim Behav 45 5 851-861 NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSES; EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSE; GENETIC CORRELATIONS; ACTIVITY METABOLISM; DANGEROUS PREY; SELECTION; ONTOGENY; CHARACTERS Journal Article Brodie, E.D.;Campbell, J.A. 1993 A New Salamander of the Genus Oedipina (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the Pacific Versant of Guatemala Herpetologica 49 2 259-265 Amphibia; Caudata; Plethodontidae; Oedipina-Stenopodia New Species; Departamento-de-Quezaltenango; Guatemala Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D. Jr.;Savage, Ron F. 1993 A new species of Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from a dry oak forest in eastern Guatamala Herpetologica 49 4 420-427 campbelli Journal Article Brodie, E. D.;Garland, T. 1993 Quantitative genetics of snake populations Snakes Reptilia, serpentes, physiology, anatomy, genetics Journal Article Brodman, R. 1993 The Effect of Acidity on Interactions of Ambystoma Salamander Larvae J Freshwater Ecol 8 3 209-214 DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; LOW PH; AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; RANA-SYLVATICA; HYDROGEN-ION; MACULATUM; COMPETITION; SURVIVAL; WATER; PRECIPITATION Journal Article Brodman, R. 1993 Egg mortality in pond breeding salamanders Froglog 8 3 Journal Article Brodman, R. 1993 The effect of acidity on interactions of Ambystoma salamander larvae J. Freshw. Ecol. 8 209-215 Journal Article Brody, L. S.;Mouton, P. le F. N.;Grant, W. S. 1993 Electrophoretic analysis of the Cordylus cordylus species group in the southwestern Cape, South Africa Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 19-34 Book Brown, William S. 1993 Biology, Status, and Management of the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): A Guide for Conservation Lawrence, KS Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles No. 22 78 distribution habitat den seasonal activity ecology spatial biology cycle reproduction fecundidty demography clutch size frequency population trends threats destruction commercial collecting round ups behavior reserves monitoring research protection enhancement translocation education removal nuisance signs laws state preserves color patterns morphology Journal Article Brown, Douglas G.;Duvall, David 1993 Habitat associations of the prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) in Wyoming Herpetological Natural History 1 1 5-12 use refugia greasewood shedding Journal Article Brown, Gregory P.;Brooks, Ronald J. 1993 Sexual and seasonal differences in activity in a northern population of snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina Herpetologica 49 3 311-318 movement behavior stategy algonquin park Journal Article Brown, Philip 1993 Critical times for local habitat and desert tortoise protection Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 10 1 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Brown, Philip 1993 Proposed changes in fish and game laws Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 12 5 laws legislation california Journal Article Brown, S.G.;Obrien, J. 1993 Pseudosexual and Dominance Behaviour - Their Relationship to Fecundity in the Unisexual Gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris J Zool 231 Part 1 61-69 SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PARTHENOGENETIC LIZARD; ENDOLYMPHATIC SACS; WHIPTAIL LIZARDS; OVARIAN CYCLE; REPRODUCTION; CNEMIDOPHORUS Journal Article Brown, G.E.;Brown, J.A. 1993 Social Dynamics in Salmonid Fishes - Do Kin Make Better Neighbours Anim Behav 45 5 863-871 RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; ATLANTIC SALMON; DEAR ENEMIES; RECOGNITION; BEHAVIOR; GAIRDNERI; TADPOLES; TERRITORIALITY Journal Article Brown, G.W.;Nelson, J.L. 1993 Influence of Successional Stage of Eucalyptus Regnans (Mountain Ash) on Habitat Use by Reptiles in the Central Highlands, Victoria Australian Journal of Ecology 18 4 405-417 ACTIVITY PATTERNS; SERPENTES; FOREST; FIRE Book Section Brown, G. W.;Nicholls, A. O. 1993 Comparative census techniques and modelling of habitat utilization by reptiles in northern Victoria Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 283-290 Journal Article Brown, R. P.;Perezmellado, V. 1993 Population differentiation in scalation of the Iberian rock lizard (Lacerta monticola) J Zool 230 451-458 Reptilia, sauria, Iberian rock lizard,Lacerta monticola, anatomy, scalation, The rock lizard Lacerta monticola is a climatic relict confined to three mountain ranges and one coastal region of the Iberian peninsula. Scalation was studied in specimens from localities encompassing all major parts of its range. Population differentiation was analysed using analyses of variance, z-transformations of within- locality character-correlations, canonical variate analyses, principal components analysis, and matrix association tests. Substantial differentiation was found between Pyrenees specimens and those from other localities, supporting a recent study which indicated that the Pyrenees populations could represent a different species. Considerable geographic variation is also found among populations from the remaining parts of its range, the pattern of which is not compatible with existing racial categories designated for this species. Reprint Endnote 93/599 Book Brown, William S. 1993 Biology, Status, and Management of the Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): A Guide for Conservation Oxford, OH SSAR 84 Crotalus horridus; Conservation; Management; Biology Journal Article Bruce, Richard C. 1993 Sexual size dimorphism in desmognathine salamanders Copeia 1993 2 313-318 desmognathus ochrophaeus monticola quadramaculatus Journal Article Bruckman, Fred 1993 Book Review: Venomous Snakes of the World Notes From NOAH 21 3 13-16 Journal Article Brun, R.B. 1993 Bilateral Eye Formation in the Eyeless Mutant Mexican Salamander Following Unilateral, Partial Excision of Neural Fold Tissues - A Quantitative Study J Exp Zool 265 5 541-548 FIBROBLAST GROWTH-FACTOR; AMBYSTOMA-MEXICANUM; AXOLOTL; GENE Journal Article Brust, Douglas G. 1993 Maternal brood care by Dendrobates pumilio: a frog that feeds its young Journal of Herpetology 27 1 96-98 parental care maternal oophagy Journal Article Brust, D. G. 1993 Maternal brood care by Dendrobates pumilio: A frog that feeds its young Journal of Herpetology 27 1 96-98 parental care, tadpoles, oophagy, neotropics Journal Article Bucci, S.;Ragghianti, M.;Nardi, I.;Bellini, M.;Mancino, G.;Lacroix, J. C. 1993 Identification of an amphibian oocyte nuclear protein as a candidate for a role in embryonic DNA replication Int J Dev Biol 37 4 509-17 Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; *DNA Replication; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gastrula/physiology; Gene Expression; In Situ Hybridization; Molecular Sequence Data; Notophthalmus viridescens/*embryology; Nuclear Proteins/*analysis/chemistry/genetics/physiology; Oocytes/*chemistry; Oogenesis; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/analysis; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Monoclonal antibody B24/3 recognizes a nuclear protein of 104 kD in germinal vesicles of newt oocytes. Immunohistostaining of oocytes at different stages of growth shows an accumulation of B24 protein throughout oogenesis. During development B24 protein is located inside embryonic cell nuclei from the onset of cleavage onwards. It gradually decreases from gastrulation and disappears at the tailbud stage. The NvB24 17.1 clone was isolated from an ovary expression library of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens and then sequenced: the open reading frame is capable of encoding a polypeptide of 744 amino acids. Northern blot experiments have shown that the 17.1 clone recognizes a single transcript of about 3 Kb in the ovary. In situ hybridization experiments showed that B24 mRNA transcription starts from previtellogenic oocytes, and is followed by the appearance and gradual accumulation of B24 protein in germinal vesicles of medium and large size oocytes. Keeping in mind the sequence similarity shown by the B24 protein to the mouse P1 protein as well as to the budding yeast Mcm3 and fission yeast cdc21 proteins, B24 protein can be speculated to play a role in the events of DNA replication during early amphibian embryogenesis. As B24 antigen is located in the sphere organelles both inserted on the lampbrush chromosomes and free in the oocyte nucleoplasm, an additional possible role of B24 protein could be related to assembling and/or storing snRNPs during oogenesis. Journal Article Buchacher, Christian O. 1993 Field studies on the small Surinam toad, Pipa arrabali, near Manaus, Brazil Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 59-70 Journal Article Buchanan, B.W. 1993 Effects of Enhanced Lighting on the Behaviour of Nocturnal Frogs Anim Behav 45 5 893-899 HYLA-CHRYSOSCELIS; RESPONSES; TREEFROG Journal Article Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Savitsky, Alan H.;Savitsky, Barbara A.;Mitchell, Joseph C. 1993 Regina rigida (glossy crayfish snake). USA: Virgina Herpetological Review 24 4 156-157 Book Section Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Mitchell, Joseph C.;Pague, Christopher A. 1993 Amphibian and small mamal abundance and diversity in saturated forested wetlands and adjacent uplands of southeastern Virginia Eckles, S. D.;Jennings, A.;Spingarn, A. and Wienhold, C. Proceedings of a Workshop on Saturated Forested Wetlands in the Mid-Atlantic Region: The State of the Science Annapolis, Maryland U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1-7 Amphibians; Mammals; Species richness; Species diversity; Rarefraction; Wetlands Journal Article Buhlmann, K. A.;Savitsky, A. H.;Savitsky, B. A.;Mitchell, J. C. 1993 Regina rigida Herpetological Review 24 4 157-156 glossy crayfish snake, Virginia Journal Article Bull, C.M.;Bedford, G.S.;Schulz, B.A. 1993 How Do Sleepy Lizards Find Each Other Herpetologica 49 3 294-300 Reptilia; Scincidae; Tiliqua-Rugosa; Australia; Behavior; Mate Location; FEMORAL GLAND SECRETIONS; GARTER SNAKES THAMNOPHIS; SEX-PHEROMONE TRAILS; TRACHYDOSAURUS-RUGOSUS; EUMECES-LATICEPS; TIMBER RATTLESNAKES; SPECIES SPECIFICITY; CROTALUS-HORRIDUS; AUSTRALIAN LIZARD; OMNIVOROUS LIZARD Journal Article Bull, Roger;Crawford, Ted;Retes, Frank;Schwalbe, Cecil;McCrystal, Hugh 1993 Is captive propagation conservation? A round table discussion Sonoran Herpetologist 6 8 76-83 Journal Article Bull, Michael C.;Bedford, Gavin S.;Shultz, Bridgette A. 1993 How do sleepy lizards find each other? Herpetologica 49 3 294-300 tiliqua rugosa Journal Article Bull, C. Michael;Pamula, Yvonne;Schulze, Lana 1993 Parturition in the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa Journal of Herpetology 27 4 489-492 Journal Article Bull, C.M.;Burzacott, D. 1993 The Impact of Tick Load on the Fitness of Their Lizard Hosts Oecologia 96 3 415-419 Tick; Reptile; Ectoparasite; Infestation; Parasite-Host Interaction; TRACHYDOSAURUS-RUGOSUS; APONOMMA-HYDROSAURI; PARAPATRIC BOUNDARY; AUSTRALIAN LIZARD; FENCE LIZARDS; PARASITES; POPULATION; INFECTION; NEMATODE; MALES Journal Article Bullock, D. J.;Jury, H. M.;Evans, Pgh 1993 Foraging Ecology in the Lizard Anolis oculatus (Iguanidae) from Dominica, West-Indies J Zool In general, populations of Anolis lizards on West Indian islands face few predators, are at high density and are thought to be limited by food. This paper describes how the foraging ecology of Anolis oculatus, a solitary species confined to the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles, varies with habitat and season in relation to the quantity and quality of available food. Availability of invertebrate food (determined using pitfall traps and sticky traps) was greater in a dry scrub woodland site, Cabrits National Park (CNP), compared with a montane rainforest site, Palmiste Ridge. In the former, there were general increases in abundance, volumes of soft-bodied prey and sizes of invertebrates from dry season to wet season. Concomitant dietary changes, as determined principally by stomach flushing, included an increase (by volume) in the proportion of soft-bodied prey. Dietary analyses confirmed the importance of ants (Formicidae) in the diet of A. oculatus, although for large individuals (mainly adult males) at the rainforest site, soft-bodied prey such as Oligochaeta and Orthoptera were, in volumetric terms, more important. Prey capture observations showed that large A. oculatus fed mainly above ground. Anolis oculatus at the montane rainforest site used higher perch heights than those in dry scrub woodland, although in both habitats, small individuals (mainly juveniles) fed mainly at ground level on ants. In the dry season in CNP, the diet (in volumetric terms) of smaller Anolis was dominated by hard-bodied prey such as ants, springtails (Collembola), barklice (Psocoptera) and beetles (Coleoptera). Large Anolis used springtails and barklice to a lesser extent, resulting in relatively low food niche overlap values between size classes and a reduced potential for intraspecific competition compared with the wet season. Edited Book Bumgardner, Mike 1993 Captive Propagation and Husbandry of Reptiles and Amphibians Davis, CA Northern California Herpetological Society 56 Journal Article Buranasin, P. 1993 Snakebites at Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Regional Hospital Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 24 1 186-92 One hundred and ninety-nine victims of snakebite hospitalized at Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital between 1898 and 1991 were studied. The male:female ratio was 1.9:1 and their mean age (+/- SD) was 30.0 +/- 18.6 years. The most common of victims were farmers and laborers. Dead snakes were identified as follows: 72 were Trimeresurus sp. (36.2%), 36 were Naja kaouthia (17.6%), 4 were Bungarus fasciatus (2.0%), 1 were Colloselasma rhodostoma (0.5%) and 1 was Vipera russelli (0.5%). No death was noted among the victims bitten by Trimeresurus sp, C. rhodostoma and V. russelli. Fifty-eight victims exhibited complications, constituting 29.1%. Four cases died from the bite of N. kaouthia, 2 from B. fasciatus and 1 from unidentified snake. A total death rate was 3.5% (7 in 199 cases). The mean duration in the hospital for patients bitten by Trimeresurus sp. and N. kaouthia were 2.3 days and 2.0 days, respectively. In order to decrease the morbidity and mortality of snakebite victims in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, prevention and control of this entity should be emphasized in health education of local people, training programs on appropriate management of snakebites for the medical and paramedical personnel working in the remote rural district hospitals and health centers. In addition, antivenoms and other necessary medical supplies should be adequately provided. Book Section Burbidge, Andrew;Wyre, Gordon 1993 Conservation of reptiles and frogs in Western Australia Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 43-47 laws Journal Article Burdmann, E. A.;Woronik, V.;Prado, E. B.;Abdulkader, R. C.;Saldanha, L. B.;Barreto, O. C.;Marcondes, M. 1993 Snakebite-induced acute renal failure: an experimental model Am J Trop Med Hyg 48 1 82-8 Acute renal failure (ARF) has been frequently reported after bites from the Viperidae snake family. The lack of a reproducible animal model has hampered the study of renal damage mechanisms. Intravenous injection of rats with 0.4 mg/kg of Bothrops jararaca venom produced functional and morphologic changes similar to those observed in human snakebite-induced ARF. There was an acute and significant decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, diuresis, and renal plasma flow. Serum fibrinogen levels decreased significantly. There was intravascular hemolysis, as shown by a significant decrease in hematocrit, and an increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase levels and free hemoglobin. Blood pressure and serum creatine phosphokinase levels were not affected. Light and electron microscopy showed massive fibrin deposition in glomerular capillaries, proximal and distal tubular necrosis, and hemolyzed red blood cell casts in renal tubules. Based on these findings, a model of snakebite-induced ARF was achieved. Ischemia related to glomerular coagulation and intravascular hemolysis were the most important pathogenic factors causing a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, although a direct venom nephrotoxicity cannot be excluded. Journal Article Burger, R. Michael 1993 Leaftailed geckos: Some notes on the maintenance and reproduction of Uroplatus henkeli (Böhme & Ibish) Dactylus 1 4 11-16 ebenaui fimbriatus captivity cage reproduction Journal Article Burger, Joanna 1993 Colony and nest site selection in lava lizards Tropidurus spp. in the Galapagos Islands Copeia 1993 3 748-754 Journal Article Burger, Joanna;Gochfeld, Michael 1993 The importance of the human face in risk perception by black iguanas, Ctenosaura similis Journal of Herpetology 27 4 426-430 Journal Article Burger, J. 1993 Colony and Nest Site Selection in Lava Lizards Tropidurus spp in the Galapagos Islands Copeia 3 748-754 PITUOPHIS-MELANOLEUCUS; PINE SNAKES; TEMPERATURE Journal Article Burghardt, G.M.;Chmura, P.J. 1993 Strike-Induced Chemosensory Searching by Ingestively Naive Garter Snakes (Thamnophis-Sirtalis) J Comp Psychol 107 1 116-121 RATTLESNAKES; LIZARDS Journal Article Burghardt, G. M. 1993 The comparative imperative: genetics and ontogeny of chemoreceptive prey responses in natricine snakes Brain Behav Evol 41 3-5 138-46 Age Factors; Animal; Chemoreceptors/*physiology; *Evolution; *Phylogeny; Predatory Behavior/*physiology; Reaction Time/genetics/physiology; Snakes/classification/*genetics/physiology; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Reptiles offer a rich diversity for the study of chemoreception, and snakes are a particularly appropriate group for comparative, evolutionary, genetic, developmental, and mechanistic studies. A long- term program of research is described that attempts to integrate these approaches, focusing on the widespread North American genus Thamnophis (Natricinae). Prior to their first meal, neonatal snakes respond to aqueous surface substances from species-typical prey with increased tongue-flicking and open-mouth attacks; these responses are mediated by the vomeronasal organ. Such responses predict what prey snakes will eat and can also predict relative prey preference. Species, population, litter, and individual differences exists and are important at different levels of analysis. Chemoreceptive responses are heritable, although they may show different developmental trends. Some species respond to prey types they do not eat in nature. In the earthworm specialist, T. butleri, response to fish chemicals can be interpreted as a chemoreceptive response inertially inherited from ancestral species, decoupled from prey capture techniques, and in the process of being lost. Ontogeny and experience can modify behavior of the neonate in various ways. Feeding experience can alter response to some prey more than others, and ambient prey odor may shift prey preference. Psychophysical studies show that prey preference and threshold sensitivity to prey chemicals can be independent and differ between closely related species, indicating that neural tissue is devoted to recognition of specific types of prey. In site choice tests, garter snakes can also discriminate between feces derived from conspecific snakes fed similar or different diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Burghardt, G. M. 1993 The comparative imperative: genetics and ontogeny of chemoreceptive prey responses in Natricine snakes Brain Behavioral Evolution 41 138-146 garter snakes, chemoreception, prey recognition, food preference, Thamnophis, Vomeronasal organ, ontogeny, behavior genetics, learning, neonatal behavior Book Section Burgin, Shelley 1993 Book Review: Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia: The bible of Australian herpetology Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 119 Book Section Burgin, Shelley 1993 Book Review: Smuggling of Australia's wildlife: The dirt, unsubstantiated allegations and distortions of the truth Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 119-120 Book Section Burgin, Shelley 1993 Lampropholis: the new "laboratory" animals Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 279-282 delicata guichenoti Journal Article Burke, Vincent J.;Nagle, Roy D.;Osentoski, Matthew;Congdon, Justin D. 1993 Common snapping turtles associated with ant mounds Journal of Herpetology 27 1 114-115 chelydra serpentina nesting parasites symbiosis anting Journal Article Burke, Vincent J.;Morreale, Stephen J.;Rhodin, Anders G. J. 1993 Lepidochelys kempii (Kemp's ridley sea turtle) and Caretta caretta (loggerhead sea turtle). Diet Herpetological Review 24 1 31-32 Journal Article Burke, Russell L. 1993 Adaptive value of sex determination mode and hatchling sex ratio bias in reptiles Copeia 1993 3 854-859 Journal Article Burke, Vincent J.;Standora, Edward A.;Morreale, Stephen J. 1993 Diet of juvenile Kemp's ridley and loggerhead sea turtles from Long Island, New York Copeia 1993 4 1176-1180 Journal Article Burke, V. J.;Standora, E. A. 1993 Diet of juvenile Kemp's ridley and loggerhead sea turtles from Long-Island, New-York Copeia 28 4 1176-1180 Reptilia, testudines, Kemp's ridley sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, food, natural Journal Article Burke, V. J.;Nagle, R. D.;Osentoski, M.;Congdon, J. D. 1993 Common snapping turtles association with ant mounds Journal of Herpetology 27 1 114-115 reptiles, chelydra, reproduction, nesting Journal Article Burke, Vincent J.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Greene, Judith L. 1993 Prolonged nesting forays by common mud turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum) The American Midland Naturalist 131 190-195 Ellenton Bay Journal Article Burke, Vincent J. 1993 Lepidochelys kempii (Kemp's Ridley sea turtle) and Caretta caretta (Loggerhead sea turtle) diet Herpetological Review 24 31-32 Journal Article Burkhart, Barry 1993 Snakes reach great heights in surviving flood Intermontanus 2 3 5 Journal Article Burns, K.J. 1993 Geographic Variation in Ontogeny of the Fox Sparrow Condor 95 3 652-661 Ontogeny; Geographic Variation; Allometry; Fox Sparrow; Passerella-Iliaca; Relative Growth; NEOTROPICAL SALAMANDER; DARWIN FINCHES; GROWTH; BOLITOGLOSSA; ALLOMETRY; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; LINEAGE; SIZE Journal Article Bursey, Charles R.;Goldberg, Stephen R. 1993 Diet of neonatal Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae) Southwestern Naturalist 38 4 381-383 Book Burton, Thomas 1993 Serpent-Handling Believers Knoxville University of Tennessee Press x, 208 Journal Article Buskirk, J.R. 1993 Distribution, Status and Biology of the Tortoise, Geochelone chilensis, in Rio-Negro Province, Argentina Stud Neotrop Fauna Environ 28 4 233-249 Journal Article Buskirk, James 1993 Captive propagation and husbandry of the Vietnamese leaf turtle (Geoemyda spengleri) Vivarium 5 3 28-29;31-33 Journal Article Buskirk, J. 1993 An Annotated Bibliography of the Egyptian Tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni Lortet 1883 Tortuga Gazette 29 1 1-4 Journal Article Bustard, Robert 1993 Keeping and breeding Chile rose tarantulas Reptilian 1 8 6-7 Journal Article Butler, Brian O.;Graham, Terry E. 1993 Tracking hatchling Blanding's turtles with fluorescent pigments Herpetological Review 24 1 21-22 emydoidea blandingi movements activity monitoring Journal Article Butler, Joseph A. 1993 Seasonal reproduction in the African olive grass snake, Psammophis phillipsi (Serpentes: Colubridae Journal of Herpetology 27 2 144-148 opisthoglyph Journal Article Butler, J.A. 1993 Seasonal Reproduction in the African Olive Grass Snake, Psammophis-phillipsi (Serpentes, Colubridae) J Herpetol 27 2 144-148 TROPIDOCLONION; LINEATUM; CYCLE Journal Article Buttemer, W.A.;Dawson, W.R. 1993 Temporal Pattern of Foraging and Microhabitat Use by Galapagos Marine Iguanas, Amblyrhynchus Cristatus Oecologia 96 1 56-64 Marine Iguanas; Foraging; Thermoregulation; Micrometeorology; Operative Temperature; BODY-TEMPERATURE; LIZARD; THERMOREGULATION; ENERGETICS; CONSEQUENCES; CONOLOPHUS; PALLIDUS; ECOLOGY; SHIFTS; GROWTH Journal Article Butterfield, Brian P.;Hauge, Brian;Meshaka, Walter E., Jr 1993 The occurence of Hemidactylus mabouia on the United States mainland Herpetological Review 24 3 111-112 Journal Article Buyuktimkin, S.;Buyuktimkin, N.;Rytting, J. H. 1993 Synthesis and enhancing effect of dodecyl 2-(N,N- dimethylamino)propionate on the transepidermal delivery of indomethacin, clonidine, and hydrocortisone Pharm Res 10 11 1632-7 Administration, Cutaneous; Alanine/*analogs & derivatives/chemical synthesis/pharmacology; Animal; Biodegradation; Clonidine/*administration & dosage; Colubridae; Hydrocortisone/*administration & dosage; In Vitro; Indomethacin/*administration & dosage; Skin Absorption/drug effects; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The biodegradable transdermal penetration enhancer, dodecyl 2-(N,N- dimethylamino)propionate (II; DDAIP), was prepared by reacting dodecyl 2-bromopropionate (I), obtained by reaction of n-dodecanol with 2- bromopropionyl halogenide, with dimethylamine. The penetration enhancing effects of DDAIP on the transport of indomethacin, clonidine, and hydrocortisone across shed snake skin (Elaphe obsoleta) were evaluated. Azone and lauryl alcohol, a possible decomposition product of DDAIP, were used as standard enhancers for comparison. In terms of flux, DDAIP showed 4.7 and 7.5 times the promoting effect for indomethacin compared to azone and lauryl alcohol, respectively. With clonidine this effect was 1.7 and 3.1 times, whereas with hydrocortisone it was 2.4 and 2.8 times higher, respectively. In vitro biodegradability of DDAIP was demonstrated in the presence of porcine esterase. The results indicate that DDAIP increases markedly the transepidermal delivery of several types of drug substances. Journal Article CABANAC, M.;GOSSELIN, F. 1993 Emotional fever in the lizard Callopistes maculatus (Teiidae) Anim. Behav. 46 200-202 Reptilia, sauria, Callopistes maculatus, physiology, stress, emotion, heat Reprint Endnote 93/424 Journal Article Cabanac, Michel;Gosselin, François 1993 Emotional fever in the lizard Callopistes maculatus (Teiidae) Animal Behaviour 46 200-202 Journal Article Cabrera, Mario R. 1993 Phrynops williamsi (Williams' South American Sideneck Turtle). Argentina: Corrientes Herpetological Review 24 2 65-66 geographic distribution Journal Article Cabrera, M. R. 1993 Segundo registro de Amphisbaena camura Cope (Reptilia, Amphisbaenia) en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentia Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 9 1 7-8 Amphisbaena camura Journal Article Cabrera, M. R. 1993 Los saurios del espinal y su presencia en provincias biogeographicas vecinas Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" 4 2 17-34 reptiles, south america, lizards, snakes, checklist Book Section Cadle, J.E.;Greene, H.W. 1993 Phylogenetic Patterns, Biogeography, and the Ecological Structure of Neotropical Snake Assemblages Ricklefs, R.E. and Schluter, D. Species Diversity in Ecological Communities 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 Univ Chicago Press 281-293 Book Section Cadle, J. E.;Greene, H. W. 1993 Phylogenetic patterns, biogeography, and the ecological structure of neotropical snake assemblages Ricklefs, R. E. and Schluter, D. Species diversity in Ecological Communities: Historical and Geographical Perspectives Chicago Chicago Univ. Press 281-293 reptiles, snakes, phylogeny, central america, south america, Journal Article Caetano, M. H.;Castanet, J. 1993 Variability and microevolutionary patterns in Triturus marmoratus from Portugal: age, size, longevity and indivual growth Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 117-130 Journal Article Cagle, K.D.;Packard, G.C.;Miller, K.;Packard, M.J. 1993 Effects of the Microclimate in Natural Nests on Development of Embryonic Painted Turtles, Chrysemys Picta Functional Ecology 7 6 653-660 Eggs; Incubation; Temperature; Water Potential Journal Article Cagle, K.D.;Packard, G.C;Miller, K.;Packard, M.J. 1993 Effect of the microclimate in natural nests on development of embryonic painted turtles, Chrysemys picta Functional Ecology 7 653-660 sex determination; sex ratio; tsd; development Book Section Caillouet, C.W.Jr.;Fontaine, C.T. 1993 Captive rearing of sea turtles: head starting Kemp's ridley, Lepidochelys kempii E., Junge Randall Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians 8-12 kemps; conservation Journal Article Calander, Donna 1993 Newsletter and Video Review Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 3 26-28 Journal Article Calander, Donna 1993 Newsletter Review Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 2 8-11 Journal Article Caldwell, J. P. 1993 Brazil nut fruit capsules as Phytotelmata: Interactions among anuran and insect larvae Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 1193-1201 predator-prey interactions, Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excelsa, tadpoles, frogs, toad Journal Article Caldwell, J. P. 1993 Brazil nut fruit capsules as phytotelmata: interactions among anuran and insect larvae Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 1193-1201 Journal Article Calvomendez, C.;Villagomezcastro, J. C.;Lopezromero, E. 1993 Ornithine decarboxylase activity in Entamoeba invadens Int J Parasitol 23 7 847-852 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, protozoa, Entamoeba invadens Growth of E. invadens was paralleled by a concomitant increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity which peaked after 5 days of cultivation in TYI-S-33 medium. Over this period, enzyme activity increased about nine- fold with respect to that present at the start of incubation. Thereafter and coinciding with the onset of the stationary growth phase, enzyme activity started to decline reaching trace levels after 8 days of cultivation. Most of the enzyme remained soluble following centrifugation of amoeba homogenates at 105, 000 g. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine failed to affect ornithine decarboxylase activity in vitro and amoeba growth. The enzyme was markedly inhibited by polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and 1, 4-diamino-2- butanone. a putrescine-analog. The latter arrested proliferation of cells, an effect that could not be reversed by polyamines which by themselves also inhibited growth to a low but significant extent. Our results indicate that polyamine biosynthesis from ornithine is required for growth of E. invadens and that this function is rapidly abolished following entry into the stationary growth phase. Journal Article Camarillo, J.L.;Campbell, J.A. 1993 A 2nd Confirmed Population of the Rare Mexican Rattlesnake, Crotalus transversus (Serpentes, Viperidae) Tex J Sci 45 2 178-179 Journal Article Camarillo R., Jose L. 1993 Lepidophyma occulor (Jalpan tropical night lizard). Mexico: San Luis Potosi Herpetological Review 24 3 109 Book Section Cameron, Elizabeth 1993 The development of "the action plan for Australian reptiles" Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 109-119 Thesis Camhi, M.D. 1993 The role of nest site selection in loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nest success and sex ratio control Journal Article Camp, Richard J.;Knight, Richard L.;Sherman, Heather A. L. Knight michael W.;Kawashima, Jack Y. 1993 Food habits of nesting common ravens in the eastern Mojave Desert Southwestern Naturalist 38 2 163-165 gopherus agassizii crotalus cnemidophorus iguanidae Journal Article Camp, Richard J.;Knight, Richard L.;Sherman, Heather A. L.;Knight, Michael W.;Kawashima, Jack Y. 1993 Food habits of nesting common ravens in the eastern Mojave Desert Southwestern Naturalist 38 2 163-165 gopherus agassizii crotalus cnemidophorus iguanidae Journal Article Campbell, J.A.;Frost, D.R. 1993 Anguid Lizards of the Genus Abronia - Revisionary Notes, Descriptions of 4 New Species, a Phylogenetic Analysis, and Key (148 References), Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 216 1-121 EVOLUTIONARY TREES; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; CHARACTER STATES; PARSIMONY; INFERENCE; SYSTEMATICS; ONTOGENY; SYNAPOMORPHY; CONGRUENCE; BOOTSTRAP Journal Article Campbell, Earl W., III 1993 Pelodiscus sinensis (Chinease Softshell). USA: Guam Herpetological Review 24 2 65 geographic distribution Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A. 1993 Book Review: Snakes of the Agkistrodon complex: a monographic review Herpetological Review 24 3 112-113 Journal Article Campbell, Ian D.;McAndrews, John H. 1993 Forest disequilibrium caused by rapid little ice age cooling Nature 366 336-338 Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A.;Frost, Darrel R. 1993 Anguid lizards of the genus Abronia: revisionary notes, descriptions of four new species, a phylogenetic analysis, and key Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 216 1-121 Abronia Journal Article Campbell, J. A.;Frost, D. R. 1993 Anguid lizards of the genus Abronia: revisionary notes, desriptions of four new species, a phylogenetic analysis, and key Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 216 1-121 reptiles, lizards, species description, systematics, cladistics, phylogeny Journal Article Camper, Jeffrey D.;Ruedas, Luis A.;Bickham, John W.;Dixon, James R. 1993 The relationship of genome size with developmental rates and reproductive strategies in five families of neotropical bufonid frogs Life Science Advances-Genetics 12 1 79-87 Journal Article Campos, Zilca 1993 Effect of habitat on survival of eggs and sex ratio of hatchlings of Caiman crocodilus yacare in the Pantanal, Brazil Journal of Herpetology 27 2 127-132 Journal Article Campos, Z. 1993 Effect of Habitat on Survival of Eggs and Sex Ratio of Hatchlings of Caiman-crocodilus Yacare in the Pantanal, Brazil J Herpetol 27 2 127-132 TEMPERATURE; INCUBATION; NESTS; TURTLES Book Section Cann, John 1993 Do not take our freshwater turtles for granted Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 363-365 Journal Article Cannatella, David C.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 A consensus on the spelling of certain snake family-group names Herpetological Review 24 1 13-14 Journal Article Cannatella, David C.;Hillis, David M. 1993 Amphibian relationships: phylogenetic analysis of morphology and molecules Herpetological Monographs 7 1-7 anura caudata gymnophiona systematics taxonomy Journal Article Cannatella, David C.;de Sá, Rafael O. 1993 Xenopus Laevis as a model organism Systematic Biology 42 4 476-507 pipidae silurana morphology historical biogeography fossils molecular systematics ribosomal DNA mitochondrial phylogeny development heterochrony caenogenesis functional anatomy behavior polyploidy karyotypes Journal Article Cannatella, D.C.;Desa, R.O. 1993 Xenopus laevis as a Model Organism Systematic Biology 42 4 476-507 18S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; EXTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; VITELLOGENIN MESSENGER-RNA; SECONDARY STRUCTURE MODEL; AFRICAN CLAWED FROG; CARDIAC ACTIN GENE; BETA-GLOBIN GENES; FIRE-BELLIED TOAD; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA Journal Article Cannatella, David C.;Sá, Rafael O. De 1993 Xenopus Laevis as a model organism Systematic Biology 42 476-507 polyploidy, allopolyploidy, phylogeny, heterochrony, karyotypes Journal Article Capiz, Bryant 1993 Eight legged tid-bits Desert Monitor 23 1 25-6 spider care Journal Article Capron, Marty 1993 Lizard letters [red, green iguanas] Iguana Times 2 1 7 iguana Journal Article Capula, M.;Luiselli, L.;Rugiero, L. 1993 Comparative ecology in sympatric Podarcis muralis and P. sicula (Reptilia, lacertidae) from the historical centre of rome - what about competition and niche segregation in an urban habitat Boll Zool 60 3 287-291 Podarcis-Muralis; Podarcis-Sicula; Lacertidae; Reptilia; Community Dynamics; Activity Cycles; Habitat Partitioning; Food Niche; Fecundity; Urban Habitat Journal Article Capula, M.;Corti, M. 1993 Morphometric variation and divergence in the west mediterranean discoglossus (Amphibia, discoglossidae) J Zool 231 Part 1 141-156 GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; POPULATIONS; CONGRUENCE; EVOLUTION; SHAPE; SIZE Journal Article Capula, M. 1993 Natural Hybridization in Podarcis sicula and P. wagleriana (Reptilia, Lacertidae) Biochem Syst Ecol 21 3 373-380 Podarcis-Sicula; P-Wagleriana; Lacertidae; Reptilia; Hybridization; Allozyme Electrophoresis; Sicily; Aegadian Islands; Aeolian Islands; HYBRID ZONES; EVOLUTIONARY; GENETICS Journal Article Capula, Massimo;Corti, Marco 1993 Divergenza morfometrica e filogenesi nel genere Discoglossus (Amphibia: Discoglossidae) Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 21 597-604 Journal Article Caputo, Vincenzo;Odierna, Gaetano;Aprea, Gennaro 1993 Karyological comparison of Shenops sepsoides, Chalcides chalcides, and C. ocellatus (Reptilia: Scincidae): Taxonomic implications Copeia 1993 4 1180-1184 Journal Article Caputo, C.;Bolanos, P.;Gonzalez, A. 1993 Effects of Sulfhydryl Inhibitors on Depolarization-Contraction Coupling in Frog Skeletal Muscle Fibers J Gen Physiol 101 3 411-424 INDUCED CA-2+ RELEASE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CALCIUM RELEASE Journal Article Caputo, Vincenzo;Odierna, Gaetano;Aprea, Gennaro;Capriglione, Teresa 1993 Eumeces algeriensis, a full species of the E. schneiderii group (Scincidae): karyological and morphological evidence Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 187-194 Journal Article Caputo, Vincenzo 1993 Taxonomy and evolution of the Chalcides chalcides complex (Reptilia, Scincidae) with description of two new species Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 11 1 47-120 Journal Article Caputo, Vincenzo;Odierna, G.;Aprea, G.;Mellado, J. 1993 The chromosomal complement of two Moroccan species of Chalcides Laurenti, 1768 (Reptilia, Scincidae) Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 11 1 201-207 Journal Article Carey, C. 1993 Hypothesis Concerning the Causes of the Disappearance of Boreal Toads from the Mountains of Colorado Conserv Biol 7 2 355-362 Journal Article Carey, Cynthia 1993 Hypothesis concerning the causes of the disappearence of Boreal toads from the mountains of Colorado Conservation Biology 7 2 355-362 bacteria pathogens disease amphibian decline Journal Article Carey, C. 1993 Hypothesis concerning the causes of the disappearance of boreal toads from the mountains of Colorado Conservation Biology 7 2 355-362 immune system, temperature, disease Journal Article Carey, C. 1993 Hypothesis concerning the disappearance of boreal toads from the mountains of Colorado Conservation Biology 7 355-362 Thesis Carland, Michael B. 1993 Reproductive ecology of female garter snakes (Thamnopis) in Southeastern British Columbia 226 Journal Article Carlone, R. L.;Boulianne, R. P.;Vijh, K.;Karn, H.;Fraser, G. A. 1993 Retinoic acid stimulates the synthesis of a novel heat shock protein in the regenerating forelimb of the newt Biochem Cell Biol 71 1-2 43-50 Amputation; Animal; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology; Forelimb/*chemistry/drug effects/surgery; Heat; Heat-Shock Proteins/*analysis; Isoelectric Point; Molecular Weight; Notophthalmus viridescens/*growth & development; Peptide Mapping; Regeneration/*drug effects; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tretinoin/*pharmacology Morphogenetic effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the urodele amphibian limb regenerate pattern have been well documented, but little is known regarding the mechanism of this action of RA at the molecular level. Since exogenous RA, at concentrations sufficient to cause proximalization, represents a significant stress to newts and has been shown previously to elicit increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in mouse embryo limb buds, we investigated the effects of this putative morphogen on the synthesis of members of the 70-kilodalton (70- kDa) stress protein family in amputated forelimbs of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens. Injection (i.p.) of RA in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), at a dose sufficient to cause significant proximal-distal reduplication of the pattern in 50% of animals treated, resulted in increased synthesis and accumulation of a 73-kDa protein with a pI of approximately 6.75. The synthesis of this same protein is increased in limb tissues as a result of a brief 35 degrees C heat shock. This protein is electrophoretically distinct from the newt HSP 70 family members, displays a different partial peptide map, and shows no immunological cross-reactivity with an anti-human HSP 70 monoclonal antibody. It may be a member of a separate family of 70- to 73-kDa HSPs. Interestingly, the synthesis of this protein is increased and it is more abundant in control, proximal moderate-early bud stage regenerates at 6 days after i.p. injection of DMSO than in similarly treated distal regenerates. This protein is, in addition, increased in distal regenerates to proximal levels by a prior injection of RA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Carmel, Brendan 1993 Herp Health [mite treatment] Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 5 2 72-73 Journal Article Carmel, B. P.;Groves, V. 1993 Chronic cryptosporidiosis in Australian elapid snakes - Control of an outbreak in a captive colony Aust Vet J 70 8 293-295 Reprtilia, serpentes, Notechis ater, N ecutatus, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, cryptosporidia, gastritis An outbreak of chronic cryptosporidiosis resulting in hypertrophic gastritis occurred in a captive colony of Australian elapid snakes. Two species of the genus Notechis were involved: Notechis ater(Black Tiger Snake) and Notechis scutatus (Eastern or Mainland Tiger Snake). The infection was eventually fatal in all 9 affected snakes. Typical histopathological findings of the stomach included mucosal thickening with cystic dilatation of gastric glands, moderate oedema and fibrosis of the lamina propria, and a mild to moderate patchy infiltration of inflammatory cells. Procedures implemented to contain the outbreak included the use of a formaldehyde-based disinfectant, prompt removal of faecal matter, uneaten and regurgitated food from enclosures,and examination of faecal specimens for Cryptosporidium oocysts and other pathogens. Journal Article Carmona, E.;Portaro, F.C.V.;Juliano, L.;Picarelli, Z.P.;Prado, E.S. 1993 Further Characterization of Bothropain, a Cysteine Peptidase from the Plasma of the Snake Bothrops jararaca Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 104 3 599-606 CATHEPSIN-B; HUMAN-TISSUES; CALPAIN-II; PROTEINASES; PAPAIN; SITE; SPECIFICITY; 4-NITROANILIDES; INHIBITORS; PROTEASE Journal Article Carnevali, Oliana;Mosconi, Gilberto;Sabbieti, Maria Giovanna;Murri, Carlo Alfredo;Villani, Paolo;Polzonetti-Magni, Alberta Maria 1993 Some aspects of the reproductive biology of Rana esculenta at sea-level and montane habitats Amphibia-Reptilia 14 4 381-388 Book Carpenter, C. C.;Clair, R. St.;Gier, P.;Vaughn, C. C. 1993 Determination of the distribution and abundance of the Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) in Oklahoma Reptiles, lizards, distribution, range, Journal Article Carr, John L. 1993 Kinosternon oaxacae (Oaxaca mud turtle). Mexico: Oaxaca Herpetological Review 24 3 108 Journal Article Carrier, D.R. 1993 Action of the Hypaxial Muscles During Walking and Swimming in the Salamander Dicamptodon ensatus J Exp Biol 180 75-83 Locomotion; Hypaxial Muscles; Tetrapod; Salamander; Dicamptodon-Ensatus; LIZARD IGUANA-IGUANA; LOCOMOTION; FISHES Journal Article Carruthers, Vincent 1993 Southern African frogs field identification key T^Haru 7 1 3-32 Book Section Casas-Andreu, Gustavo;Gurrola-Hidalgo, Marco A. 1993 Comparative ecology of two species of Cnemidophorus in coastal Jalisco, Mexico Wright, John W. and Vitt, Laurie J. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 133-150 Book Section Casas-Andreu, G.;Iracheta, J.F.;Saracho, H. 1993 Anidacion de Crocodylus moreletii en cautivero en Tabasco, Mexico Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 118-133 Book Section Casas-Andreu, G.;Currola-Hidalgo, M. A. 1993 Comparative ecology of two species of Cnemidophorus in central Jalisco, Mexico Wright, J. W. and Vitt, L. J. Biology of whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 133-150 temperature, desert, temperate zone Journal Article Case, T.J.;Schwaner, T.D. 1993 Island Mainland Body Size Differences in Australian Varanid Lizards Oecologia 94 1 102-109 Lizards; Islands; Gigantism; Varanus; TIGER SNAKES; ANOLIS LIZARDS; POPULATIONS; NOTECHIS; PATTERNS; ELAPIDAE Journal Article Casper, Gary S. 1993 A note on reproductive activity in Wisconsin northern water snakes, Neroidis s. sipedon Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 10 213 Journal Article Casper, Gary S. 1993 A preliminary summary of available records for the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum, in Wisconsin Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 1 1-3 Journal Article Casper, G. S. 1993 The meaning of Minnesota Herptile names: Discovering the spotted bind-around snake Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 12 7-12 Journal Article Castanzo, R. A.;Bauer, A. M. 1993 Diet and activity of Mabuya acutilabris (Reptilia, Scincidae) in Namibia Herpetol J 3 4 130-135 Reptilia, sauria, scincidae, Mabuya acutilabris, physiology, food, diet, activity Mabuya acutilabris is a terrestrial African scincid lizard distributed from Little Namaqualand to the mouth of the Zaire (Congo) River. In the central portion of its range (near Kamanjab, Namibia) the species is active in early winter from 09.50 hr to 17.10 hr. These skinks spend much time basking, and 73 % of their surface activity occurs within 30 cm of clumps of vegetation where they construct shallow burrows. Single day movements of the skinks are short in both duration and distance, yet long-term movement may be considerable. Density of the species at the study site was at least 106/ha. Across its geographic range M. acutilabris is a generalist insectivore, with hemipterans and a variety of insect larvae constituting the most important prey classes. Journal Article Castellano, Sergio;Giacoma, Cristina 1993 A comparison of individual marking techniques applied to the study of wild populations of Bufo bufo Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 21 685-692 Journal Article Catto, J.B.;Amato, J.F.R. 1993 2 new species of pseudotelorchis (Digenea, Telorchidae), parasites of the caiman, Caiman crocodilus yacare (Reptilia, Crocodylia) from the Pantanal Mato-Grossense, Brazil Mem Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 88 4 561-566 CCR, CY, parasites, disease, Journal Article Caubit, X.;Arsanto, J. P.;Figarella-Branger, D.;Thouveny, Y. 1993 Expression of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-N-CAM) in developing, adult and regenerating caudal spinal cord of the urodele amphibians Int J Dev Biol 37 2 327-36 Aging/physiology; Animal; Blotting, Western; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/analysis/*biosynthesis; Larva; Molecular Weight; Neurites/physiology/ultrastructure; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Pleurodeles/*physiology; Regeneration/*physiology; Spinal Cord/growth & development/metabolism/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The patterns of expression of polysialylated ("embryonic") form of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (PSA/E-N-CAM) and of all N-CAM isoforms were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblotting during the development of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and during the regeneration of the caudal Spinal Cord (SC) of the amphibian urodeles Pleurodeles waltl (Pw) and Notophthalmus viridescens (Nv). In this study, a monoclonal antibody to group B Meningococcus (anti-Men-B) which recognizes alpha-2,8-linked sialic units of PSA-N-CAM, and polyclonal anti-total N-CAM antibodies were used. Total-N-CAM immunoreactivities were consistently detected throughout the CNS of developing and adult newts. PSA-N-CAM expression predominated in "embryonic" developing CNS and was reduced to certain CNS areas in the adult urodeles. In the case of SC, the expression level of this isoform of N-CAM dramatically decreased to become low and nearly restricted to some ependymoglial cell surfaces. Interestingly, during newt tail regeneration, PSA-N-CAM was intensely reexpressed in regenerating SC, at the surface of ependymoglial cell processes and in axonal compartments. Expression was maximal at 4 to 6 weeks following amputation, and then gradually returned to a normal adult low level in well differentiated SC. These findings strongly supported the view that the expression of PSA-N-CAM was associated with the properties of plasticity shown by the SC ependymoglial tissue in newts, during tail regeneration. On the other hand, the high level of PSA-N-CAM expression in axonal compartments of regenerating as well as developing SC suggested that these isoforms of N-CAM could be implicated in axonal outgrowth within the "tunnels" defined by the radial ependymoglial processes. This transient PSA-N-CAM expression could therefore be considered both as a negative modulator of cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions and as a permissive factor for neuron differentiation. Journal Article Cavagna, G.A. 1993 Effect of Temperature and Velocity of Stretching on Stress Relaxation of Contracting Frog Muscle Fibres J Physiol-London 462 161-173 STRIATED-MUSCLE; FORCE; COMPONENT; FIBERS Journal Article Cavin, L. 1993 Structure of a Subalpine Lacerta vivipara (Jacquin, 1787) Population Rev Suisse Zool 100 2 357-371 Reptilia; Lacertidae; Lacerta-Vivipara; Ecology; Population Journal Article Cecchi, G.;Colomo, F.;Poggesi, C.;Tesi, C. 1993 A Force Transducer and a Length-Ramp Generator for Mechanical Investigations of Frog-Heart Myocytes Pflugers Arch-Eur J Physiol 423 1-2 113-120 Frog-Heart Myocytes; Force Transducer; Length-Ramp Generator; ISOLATED CARDIAC MYOCYTES; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; MUSCLE-FIBERS; ATRIAL CELLS; TENSION; CONTRACTION; ATTACHMENT; STIFFNESS Book Cei, Jose M. 1993 Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Herpetofauna de las selvas subtropicales Puna y Pampas Torino, Italy Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino 949 Argentina Journal Article Cemerikic, D.;Filipovic, D.;Milovanovic, S.;Petrovic, S.;Cvetkovic, D. 1993 Peritubular Na-K Exchange Ion Pump in Maleate-Treated Frog Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Comparative Physiology 106 4 783-792 EXPERIMENTAL FANCONI SYNDROME; INTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM ACTIVITY; BORDER MEMBRANE-VESICLES; ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; MALEIC-ACID; RAT-KIDNEY; BRUSH-BORDER; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; TRANSPORT; CONDUCTANCE Journal Article Chang, L.S.;Kuo, K.W.;Chang, C.C. 1993 Status of Tryptophan Residue in Cobrotoxin and alpha-Bungarotoxin Biochem Mol Biol Int 29 3 435-442 ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SNAKE-VENOMS; AMINO-GROUPS; COBRA VENOM; SEA SNAKE; BINDING; DERIVATIVES; NEUROTOXIN; TOXIN Journal Article Channing, A. 1993 A New Grass Frog from Namibia S Afr J Zool 28 3 142-145 Journal Article Channing, Alan 1993 Observations on the natural history of Stephopaedes anotis (Bufonidae) Journal of Herpetology 27 2 213-214 Journal Article Channing, Alan;Griffin, Mike 1993 An annotated checklist of the frogs of Namibia Madoqua 18 2 101-116 Journal Article Chapin, Patrick O. 1993 Keeping and breeding the elongate chameleon (Chamaeleo verrucosus) Captive Breeding 2 1 4-7 Chamaeleo verrucosus Journal Article Charles, Neil 1993 Successful treatment of a diamond python (Morelia spilotes spilotes) with cellulitis Herpetofauna 23 2 40 Journal Article Charnov, E.L.;Berrigan, D.;Shine, R. 1993 The m/k ratio is the same for fish and reptiles Amer Naturalist 142 4 707-711 GROWTH; PARAMETERS Journal Article Chaterjee, S. 1993 Shuvosaurus, a New Theropod Res Explor 9 3 274-285 NORTH-AMERICA; REPTILE; TEXAS Journal Article Chauvet, J.;Ouedraogo, Y.;Michel, G.;Acher, R. 1993 Vasotocin and Hydrin-2 (Vasotocinyl-Gly) in the African Toad Bufo regularis - Study Under Various Environmental Conditions Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 104 3 497-502 MSEL-NEUROPHYSIN; VLDV-NEUROPHYSIN; IDENTIFICATION; PRECURSOR; SEQUENCE Book Section Chen_Bihui;Yanqin_Sun 1993 Disease of the Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 138-140 AS, disease, China Journal Article Cherry, M.I. 1993 Sexual Selection in the Raucous Toad, Bufo rangeri Anim Behav 45 2 359-373 MALE MATING SUCCESS; NORTH-AMERICAN TREEFROGS; FEMALE CHOICE; TREE FROGS; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; CALLING BEHAVIOR; RANA-VIRGATIPES; GREEN TREEFROG; MATE SELECTION; TERRITORIALITY Edited Book Chhotani, O. B. 1993 Fauna of Orissa. Part 4 Calcutta Zoological Survey of India State fauna Series 1 195 Journal Article Chiba, A.;Takashima, M.;Hamaguchi, M.;Chichibu, S. 1993 Phosphate metabolism during muscular contraction in starved frogs (Rana catesbeiana) Comp Biochem Physiol [a] 106 4 725-729 Amphibia, anura, Rana catesbeiana, physiology, muscle, contraction, P- 1. The muscle tension and the state of high-energy phosphate metabolism during contraction of the sartorius muscle in frogs (Rana catesbeiana) starved for 1-5 months was studied by in vivo P-31-NMR spectrometry. 2. Muscle tension began to decrease after 2-month starvation compared with the control group and decreased to about one-third of the control value after a 5-month starvation. 3. Muscle contraction induced by electrical stimulation or the use of anaerobic perfusion fluid did not decrease the concentration of creatine phosphate (PCr) or beta-ATP, and only negligibly changed the PCr/Pi ratio from starvation. 4. These results suggest a decrease in creatine kinase activity in the muscle of starved frogs. Journal Article Chilton, N.B.;Andrews, R.H.;Bull, C.M. 1993 Effect of Delayed Mating and Prolonged Engorgement on the Reproductive Fitness of Female Amblyomma limbatum (Acari, Ixodidae) in Marginal Population Areas Oecologia 94 1 67-71 Amblyomma-Limbatum; Reptile Tick; Reproductive Fitness; Delayed Mating; Parapatry; EXPERIMENTAL POND COMMUNITIES; PARAPATRIC BOUNDARY; REPTILE TICK; COMPETITION; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE; BEHAVIOR; BUFO; RANA Journal Article Chilton, N.B.;Bull, C.M. 1993 Oviposition by 2 Australian Species of Reptile Tick Acarologia 34 2 115-121 Amblyomma; Limbatum; Aponomma; Hydrosauri; Oviposition Journal Article Chilton, N.B.;Bull, C.M. 1993 Interspecific Differences in Microhabitat Choice by 2 Species of Australian Reptile Tick International Journal for Parasitology 23 8 1045-1051 Microhabitat Choice; Ixodid Ticks; Amblyomma-Limbatum; Aponomma-Hydrosauri; Behaviour Journal Article Chilton, N. B.;Bull, C. M. 1993 A comparison of the off-host survival times of larvae and nymphs of 2 species of reptile ticks Int J Parasitol 23 5 693-696 Reptilia, sauria, infection, acari, Aponomma hydrosauri, Amblyomma limbatum A comparison was made of the survival times of unfed larvae and unfed nymphs of two Australian species of ixodid tick. Under desiccating conditions of high temperature and low humidity, Aponomma hydrosauri nymphs had significantly shorter survival times than Amblyomma limbatum nymphs. The survival times of unfed larvae of both species declined as temperature increased and as relative humidity decreased. Ap. hydrosauri larvae had equivalent or longer survival times than Amb. limbatum larvae in most conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the geographical ranges of the two species. Journal Article Chinone, Shiro;Fukase, Tohru;Itagaki, Hiroshi;Iwamoto, Yasunori 1993 Pinworms of tortoises, especially Atlactis sp., obtained from the Aldabra giant tortoise Geochelone gigantea Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 88 Journal Article Chippindale, P.T.;Price, A.H.;Hillis, D.M. 1993 A New Species of Perennibranchiate Salamander (Eurycea, Plethodontidae) from Austin, Texas Herpetologica 49 2 248-259 Caudata; Plethodontidae; Hemidactyliini; Eurycea-Sosorum New Species; Endangered Species; Texas; Barton Springs Journal Article Chippindale, Paul T.;Price, Andrew H.;Hillis, David M. 1993 A new species of perennibranchiate salamander (Eurycea: Plethodontidae) from Austin, Texas Herpetologica 49 2 248-259 Journal Article Chirio, Laurent;Ineich, Ivan 1993 Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia (bark snake). Niger: town of Maradi Herpetological Review 24 4 156 Journal Article Chirio, L.;Blanc, Ch. P. 1993 Existence in parapatry of two species of Ophisops in Algeria (Aures): zoogeographical implications Amphibia-Reptilia 14 4 341-348 Journal Article Chiszar, D.;Smith, H.M.;Radcliffe, C.W. 1993 Zoo and Laboratory Experiments on the Behavior of Snakes - Assessments of Competence in Captive-Raised Animals Am Zool 33 2 109-116 RATTLESNAKES CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; TRAILING BEHAVIOR; CONSERVATION; DURISSUS; PREY Journal Article Chiszar, David;Jones, Len;Costain, W. Douglas;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Another association between reptiles and illicit drugs Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 3 60 crotalus elaphe adamanteus guttata Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Costain, W. Douglas 1993 Reptiles in association with illicit drugs Desert Monitor 23 3 3-7 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Additions to the known herpetofauna of Banner County, Nebraska Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 6 118-119 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Defusco, Russell 1993 Crotalus viridis viridis (prairie rattlesnake). Diet Herpetological Review 24 3 106 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Radcliffe, Charles W. 1993 Zoo and laboratory experiments on the behavior of snakes: Assessments of competence in captive-raised animals American Zoologist 33 109-116 conservation Journal Article Chiszar, David 1993 Book Review: Venomous Reptiles of North America Copeia 1993 1 255-257 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Petkus, Albert;Dougherty, Joseph 1993 A fatal attack on a teenage boy by a captive Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) in Colorado Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 12 261-262 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Bufo woodhousii woodhousii (Woodhouse's toad). USA: South Dakota Herpetological Review 24 4 153 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Chrysemys picta belli (Western painted turtle). USA: South Dakota Herpetological Review 24 4 154 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Ramotnik, Cindy 1993 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Six-lined racerunner). USA: Nebraska Herpetological Review 24 4 154 Journal Article Chiszar, david;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Coluber constrictor flaviventris (Eastern yellow-belly racer). USA: South Dakota Herpetological Review 24 4 155 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie rattlesnake). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 4 156 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Pituophis catenifer sayi (bullsnake). USA: South Dakota Herpetological Review 24 4 156 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Murphy, James B.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 In search of zoo-academic collaborations: A research agenda for the 1990's Herpetologica 49 4 488-500 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Dunn, Thomas M.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Response of brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) to human blood Journal of Chemical Ecology 19 1 91-96 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;Radcliff, Charles W. 1993 Zoo and laboratory experiments on the Behavior of snakes: Assessments of competence in captive-raised animals American Zoologist 33 109-116 Journal Article Chiszar, D.;Murphy, J. B.;Smith, H. M. 1993 In search of zoo-academic collaborations - A research agenda for the 1990's Herpetologica 49 4 488-500 Reptilia, serpentes, testudines, sauria, physiology, propagation, stress, husbandry research Because zoos have added Species Survival Plans and related conservation efforts to their traditional programs, new goals have emerged along with new interests in theoretical problems. We see the decade of the 1990's as a time that zoo university collaborations must make significant progress in dealing with empirical and theoretical issues of mutual interest. It is not always obvious to both groups, however, that mutual interest exists. Consequently, we have described numerous problems that have both theoretical and applied components and that should be attractive to zoo and university herpetologists. Also, we have speculated about the combination of concepts and subdisciplines that is most likely to be successful in pursuing the husbandry, propagation, and conservation problems that must be solved in the near future. It is our hope that the zoo-university mutualisms that already exist within herpetology will grow, not only in numbers, but also in the contributions that they make to the science of herpetology and to the management of herps in captivity as well as in nature. Reprint Endnote 94/87 Journal Article Choi, M.J.;Fernandez, P.C.;Coupayegerard, B.;Dandrea, D.;Szerlip, H.;Kleyman, T.R. 1993 Brief Report - Trimethoprim-Induced Hyperkalemia in a Patient with AIDS N Engl J Med 328 10 703-706 ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; TRANSTUBULAR POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; NA+ CHANNEL; FROG-SKIN; THERAPY; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; COMPLICATION; TRANSPORT; EVALUATE Book Section Chondropoulos, B.;Maragou, P.;Valakos, Efstratios D. 1993 Food consumption of Podarcis taurica ionica (Lehrs, 1902) in the Ionian islands (Greece) Valakos, E. D.;Böhme, W.;Pérez-Mellado, V. and Maragou, P. Lacertids of the Mediterranean Region Athens Hellenic Zoological Society 173-182 Journal Article Chou, Wen-Hao 1993 On the status of Rhacophorus prasinatus Mou, Risch, and Lue (Anura: Rhacophoridae) Asiatic Herpetological Research 5 11-13 polypedates smaragdinus tiawan new combination key megacehalus moltrechti taipeianus Journal Article Chou, Wen-Hao 1993 Tadpole and call of Rana taipehensis in Taiwan Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science 4 77-86 Tadpole; vocalization; Rana taipehensis; Ranidae; Anura Journal Article Choudhury, Anwaruddin 1993 New locality records for Kachuga sylhetensis (Jerdon, 1870) Hamadryad 18 43-45 Journal Article Chow, R. L.;Elinson, R. P. 1993 Local alteration of cortical actin in Xenopus eggs by the fertilizing sperm Mol Reprod Dev 35 1 69-75 Actins/*metabolism; Animal; Comparative Study; Cytochalasin B/pharmacology; Female; In Vitro; Male; Ovum/drug effects/*metabolism; Rana pipiens; Rhodamines; Salamandridae; Species Specificity; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Xenopus laevis Rhodamine phalloidin (Rph) staining was used to examine the microfilament organization of the Xenopus laevis egg cortex during the early stages of fertilization. Unactivated eggs possessed a cytochalasin B (CB)-insensitive Rph-stained matrix that was reorganized upon egg activation and diminished in the presence of CB. Xenopus laevis sperm caused a temporary local increase in Rph staining on the Xenopus cortex. In CB-treated eggs, the local increases of cortical Rph staining later changed to a Rph-free area. These temporary local increases of cortical Rph staining were also observed when Notophthalmus viridescens sperm fertilized Xenopus and Rana pipiens eggs, and were followed by the appearance of concentric rings of stained and unstained areas. Our data suggest that Xenopus and Notophthalmus sperm have activities that can both organize and disrupt the cortical filamentous actin of the Xenopus egg. Journal Article Christian, Keith;Bedford, Gavin 1993 High reproductive expenditure per progeny in geckos relative to other lizards Journal of Herpetology 27 3 351-354 PARENTAL CARE; EGG SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; EVOLUTION; CONSEQUENCES; NUMBER; MASS Journal Article Christie, Bill 1993 Captive husbandry and reproduction of the inland bearded dragon at the Indianapolis Zoo Captive Breeding 1 2 20-23 Pagona vitticeps Journal Article Christie, Bill 1993 The Egyptian spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx aegypticus) at the Indianapolis Zoo Captive Breeding 1 3 20-25 Uromastyx aegypticus Journal Article Clack, J.A. 1993 Homologies in the Fossil Record - The Middle Ear as a Test Case Acta Biotheoretica 41 4 391-409 PHOLIDERPETON-SCUTIGERUM HUXLEY; EARLIEST KNOWN TETRAPOD; EARLY EVOLUTION; COAL MEASURES; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; AMPHIBIA; STAPES; ROMER Journal Article Clark, Raymond;Ulber, Thomas 1993 What does that mean? (Part 5) C-Part 1 T^Haru 7 1 36 Book Clarke, Barry 1993 Eyewitness books: Amphibian New York Knopf 64 Journal Article Claussen, D.L.;Kim, Y. 1993 The Effects of Cooling, Freezing, and Thawing on Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle of the Turtle, Chrysemys picta J Therm Biol 18 2 91-101 Reptiles; Turtles; Chelonians; Chrysemys-Picta; Heart; Muscle; Skeletal Muscle; Electrocardiogram; Cooling; Warming; RANA-SYLVATICA; WOOD FROG; TOLERANCE; TEMPERATURE; LIZARD; HEART Journal Article Clerke, Robert B.;Alford, Ross A. 1993 Reproductive biology of four species of tropical Australian lizards and comments on the factors regulating lizard reproductive cycles Journal of Herpetology 27 4 400-406 Journal Article Cloudsleythompson, J. 1993 When the Going Gets Hot, the Tortoise Gets Frothy Natur Hist 102 8 33-35 Journal Article Cogalniceanu, Dan 1993 Report from Romania Froglog 8 2 Book Cogger, H. G.;Cameron, E. E.;Sadlier, R. A.;Eggler, P. 1993 The Action Plan for Australian Reptiles Canberra, ACT Australian Nature Conservation Agency 254 Conservation; Management Journal Article Cohen, Henry 1993 The indoor breeding of Lacerta lepida (Sauria: Lacertidae) in captivity Captive Breeding 1 2 24-27 Lacerta lepida Journal Article Cohen, M.P.;Alford, R.A. 1993 Growth, Survival and Activity Patterns of Recently Metamorphosed Bufo marinus Wildlife Res 20 1 1-13 AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; TIME CONSTRAINTS; SIZE; POPULATION; WOODHOUSEI; HABITAT; TOADS Journal Article Cohen, S. P.;Yan, W.;Levy, S.B. 1993 A Multidrug Resistance Regulation Chromosonal Locus is Widespread among Enteric Bacteria. Journal of Infectious Diseases 169 119-126. Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, infection, bacteria, salmonella, resistance Journal Article Cohen, M. P.;Alford., R. A. 1993 Growth, survival, and activity patterns of Bufo marinus metamorphs Wildlife Research 20 1-13 Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Dessauer, Herbert C. 1993 Unisexual and bisexual whiptail lizards of the Cnemidophorus lemniscatus complex (Squamata: Teiidae) of the Guiana Region, South America, with descriptions of new species American Museum Novitates 3081 1-30 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Complex Journal Article Cole, Charles J.;Dessauer, Herbert C.;Markezich, Allan L. 1993 Missing link found: the second ancestor of Gymnophthalmus underwoodi (Squamata: teiidae), a South American unisexual lizard of hybrid origin American Museum Novitates 3055 1-13 Journal Article Coleman, Karen;Rothfuss, Leslie A.;Ota, Hidetoshi;Kardong, Kenneth V. 1993 Kinematics of egg-eating by the specialized Taiwan snake Oligodon formosanus (Colubridae) Journal of Herpetology 27 3 320-327 physiology anatomy Journal Article Coleman, K.;Rothfuss, L.A.;Ota, H.;Kardong, K.V. 1993 Kinematics of Egg-Eating by the Specialized Taiwan Snake Oligodon-formosanus (Colubridae) J Herpetol 27 3 320-327 TEETH Journal Article Colker, David 1993 Slow growth turtle Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 12 8 Journal Article Collins, Joseph T.;Collins, Suzanne L.;Irwin, Kelly J. 1993 Lampropeltis triangulum (milk snake). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 24 3 110 elapsoides Journal Article Collins, Suzanne L.;Collins, Joseph T.;Irwin, Kelly J. 1993 Tantilla coronata (southeastern crowned snake). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 24 3 110 Book Collins, Joseph T.;Collins, Suzanne L. 1993 Reptiles and Amphibians of Cheyenne Bottoms Hillsboro, KS Hearth Publishing xii + 92 Journal Article Collins, James P.;Zerba, Kim E.;Sredl, Michael J. 1993 Shaping intraspecific variation: Development, ecology and the evolution of morphology and life history variation in tiger salamanders Genetica 89 167-183 fluctuating asymmetry, heterochrony, intraspecific, morphology, polymorphism Book Collins, Joseph T. 1993 Amphibians and Reptiles in Kansas. Third Edition, Revised Lawrence, KS University of Kansas Museum of Natural History xx, 397, 24 plates Journal Article Collins, J. P.;Zerba, K. E.;Sredl., M. J. 1993 Shaping intraspecific variation: development, ecology and the evolution of morphology and life history variation in tiger salamanders. Genetica 89 167-183 Journal Article Colman, Karen;Rothfuss, Leslie A.;Ota, Hidetoshi;Kardong, Kenneth V. 1993 Kinematics of egg-eating by the specialized Taiwan snake Oligodon formosanus (Colubridae) Journal of Herpetology 27 3 320-327 physiology anatomy Journal Article Colwell, Gregory J.;Watkins, Kellie A. 1993 An incidence of fatal subcutaneous parasite load in an imported Indonesian White's treefrog (Litoria caerulea) Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 8 164 Journal Article Colwell, Gregory J. 1993 Hydrosaurus weberi (Weber's sail-fin dragon). Morphology Herpetological Review 24 4 150 Journal Article Colwell, Gregory J.;Gatz, A. John, Jr. 1993 Preliminary evidence for character displacement in Sceloporus clarki in the Chiricahua Mountains Herpetological Natural History 1 2 21-25 competition lizards body size undulatus magister virgatus jarrovi Journal Article Compagnon, D.;Lagos, N.;Vergara, J. 1993 Phosphoinositides in Giant Barnacle Muscle Fibers - A Quantitative Analysis at Rest and Following Electrical Stimulation Biochim Biophys Acta 1167 1 94-101 Invertebrate Muscle; Phosphoinositide; Muscle Fiber; Phospholipid (Barnacle); FROG SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE; TRANSVERSE TUBULE; CALCIUM RELEASE; CONTRACTION; METABOLISM; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; TETRAKISPHOSPHATE; MEMBRANES Journal Article Conant, Roger 1993 The oldest snake Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 4 77-78 longivity python regius Journal Article Conboy, G. A.;Laursen, J. R.;Averbeck, G. A.;Stromberg, B. E. 1993 Diagnostic guide to some of the helminth parasites of aquatic turtles Compend Cont Educ Pract Vet 15 9 Reptilia, testudines, infection, helminth, Nematode, Trematode, acanthocephala Aquatic turtles are subject to infection with a wide variety of endoparasites. Parasitic infection in turtles in the wild is common, but the incidence and clinical significance in turtles kept in captivity is largely unknown. This article is intended to guide clinicians in the diagnosis of some of the helminth parasites found in freshwater aquatic turtles. Among the parasites described are flukes (Polystomoides and Spirorchis species), nematodes (Serpinema trispinosus and Spiroxys and Falcaustra species), and acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus species). Fluke infection in turtles can often be treated with praziquantel. Turtles with nematode infections should be treated with fenbendazole or thiabendazole. Treatment with any of these anthelmintics should be repeated in two weeks. Because of reports of toxicity in chelonians, ivermectin is not recommended. Administration of anthelmintics should always be followed by fecal examinations to monitor drug efficacy. Accurate and specific antemortem and postmortem identification of parasites is a prerequisite for gaining an understanding of the relative importance of parasitism in aquatic turtles. Reprint Endnote 93/619 Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;van Loben Sels, Richard C. 1993 Relationships of reproductive traits and body size with attainment of sexual maturity and age in Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingi) Journal of Evolutionary Biology 6 547-557 age body size clutch size longevity reproduction Emydoidea-Blandingi; Age; Body Size and Clutch Size at Maturity; Longevity; Reproduction; Turtle Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Dunham, Arthur E.;Van Loben Sels, R. C. 1993 Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms Conservation Biology 7 4 826-833 Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Dunham, A. E.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1993 Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii): implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms Conservation Biology 7 4 826-833 reptiles, turtles, reproduction, long-term study, survivorship Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1993 Relationships of reproductive traits and body size with attainment of sexual maturity and age in Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingi) Journal of Evolutionary Biology 6 547-557 reptiles, age, clutch size, longevity, Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Sels, Richard C. van Loben 1993 Relationships of reproductive traits and body size with attainment of sexual maturity and age in Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) Journal of Evolutionary Biology 6 547-557 Emydoidea blandingii, age, body size and clutch size at maturity, longevity, reproduction, turtle Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Dunham, A. E.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1993 Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms Conservation Biology 7 826-833 tutles, conservation, long-lived, sexual maturity, demographic Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1993 Relaionships of reproductive traits and body size with attainment of sexual maturity and age in Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingi) Journal of Evolution and Biology 6 547-557 reproductive traits, body size, sexual maturity,Blanding's turtles, age, clutch size, longevity Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Dunham, A.E.;Van Loben Sels, R.C. 1993 Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms Conservation Bioogy 7 4 826-834 Demography Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Dunham, Arthur E.;van Loben Sels, Richard C. 1993 Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's turtles (Emydodoidea blandingii): implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms Conservation Biology 7 4 826-844 Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Dunham, A. E.;Sels, R. C. Van Loben 1993 Delayed sexual maturity and demographics of Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii): implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms Conservation Biology 7 4 826-833 sex ratio; conservation Journal Article Constanzo, Ronald A.;Bauer, Aaron M. 1993 Diet and activity of Mabuya acutilabris (Reptilia: Scincidae) in Namibia Herpetological Journal 3 130-135 Mabuya acutilabris is a terrestrial African scincid lizard distributed from Little Namaqualand to the mouth of the Zaire (Congo) River. In the central portion of its range (near Kamanjab, Namibia) the species is active in early winter from 09.50 hr to 17.10 hr. These skinks spend much time basking, and 73% of their surface activity occurs within 30 cm of clumps of vegetation where they construct shallow burrows. Single day movements of the skinks are short in both duration and distance, yet long-term movement my be considerable. Density of the species at the study site was at least 106/ha. Across its geographic range M. acutilabris is a generalist insectivore, with hemipterans and a variety of insect larvae constituting the most important prey categories. Book Section Continho, M.E. 1993 Aspectos reproductivos do jacare (Caiman Crocodilus yacare) em pantanos: o efeito dos niveis de aqua na producao de ninhos Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 134-137 Journal Article Cooper, W.E. 1993 Duration of Poststrike Elevation in Tongue-Flicking Rate in the Savannah Monitor Lizard, Varanus exanthematicus Ethol Ecol Evol 5 1 1-18 Lizards; Tongue-Flicking; Chemosensory Searching; Foraging; Sauria; Varanidae; Varanus-Exanthematicus Journal Article Cooper, W.E.;Alberts, A.C. 1993 Postbite Elevation in Tongue-Flicking Rate by an Iguanian Lizard, Dipsosaurus Dorsalis J Chem Ecol 19 10 2329-2336 Tongue-Flicking; Foraging; Lacertilia; Iguanidae; Dipsosaurus Dorsalis; PREY; RESPONSES; SNAKES Journal Article Cooper, J. 1993 Frogs Alive New Sci 138 1872 50 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Alfieri, Kenneth J. 1993 Caudal autotomy in the eastern garter snake, Thamnophis s. sirtalis Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 86-90 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1993 Female mate choice of large male broad-headed skinks Animal Behaviour 45 683-693 Eumeces laticeps Journal Article Cooper, William E. 1993 Tree selection by the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: size, hole, and cover Amphibia-Reptilia 14 285-294 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;McGuire, Jimmy A. 1993 Progesterone induces bright orange throat coloration in female Petrosaurus mearnsi Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 213-222 Journal Article Cooper, William E. 1993 Tree selection by the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: size, holes, and cover Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 285-294 Journal Article Cooper, J.E.;Mbassa, G.K. 1993 Haematological studies on captive nile crocodiles in Tanzania. 35. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zoo- und Wildtiere 35 341-345 reptilia, crocodylia, crocodylidae, crocodylinae, Crocodylus niloticus, hematology, blood, values Ippen, R./Schroder, H.Editors19-23 Mai 1993 Rabat/MarokkoBerlin1993 Journal Article Cooper, W. E. 1993 Tree selection by the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps: Size, holes, and cover Amphibia-Reptilia 14 285-294 reptiles, lizards, oak trees, Quercus virginiana, protection, defense Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1993 Female mate choice of large male broad-headed skinks Animal Behaviour 45 683-693 Kiawah Island, Seabrook Island Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Alfieri, Kenneth J. 1993 Caudal autonomy in the Eastern garter snake, Thamnophis s. sirtalis Amphibia-Reptilia 14 86-89 Journal Article Copello, J.;Heming, T. A.;Segal, Y.;Reuss, L. 1993 cAMP-activated apical membrane chloride channels in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. Conductance, selectivity, and block J Gen Physiol 102 2 177-99 Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology; Animal; Biological Transport/physiology; Bromides/pharmacokinetics; Cell Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure; Cell Membrane Permeability/physiology; Chloride Channels/drug effects/*physiology; Copper/pharmacology; Cyclic AMP/analysis/*physiology; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/pharmacology; DIDS/pharmacology; Epithelium/cytology/physiology/ultrastructure; Forskolin/pharmacology; Gallbladder/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure; Iodine/pharmacokinetics; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; SITS/pharmacology; Theophylline/pharmacology Elevation of intracellular cAMP levels in Necturus gallbladder epithelium (NGB) induces an apical membrane Cl- conductance (GaCl). Its characteristics (i.e., magnitude, anion selectivity, and block) were studied with intracellular microelectrode techniques. Under control conditions, the apical membrane conductance (Ga) was 0.17 mS.cm-2, primarily ascribable to GaK. With elevation of cell cAMP to maximum levels, Ga increased to 6.7 mS.cm-2 and became anion selective, with the permeability sequence SCN- > NO3- > I- > Br- > Cl- >> SO4(2-) approximately gluconate approximately cyclamate. GaCl was not affected by the putative Cl- channel blockers Cu2+, DIDS, DNDS, DPC, furosemide, IAA-94, MK-196, NPPB, SITS, verapamil, and glibenclamide. To characterize the cAMP-activated Cl- channels, patch-clamp studies were conducted on the apical membrane of enzyme-treated gallbladders or on dissociated cells from tissues exposed to both theophylline and forskolin. Two kinds of Cl- channels were found. With approximately 100 mM Cl- in both bath and pipette, the most frequent channel had a linear current-voltage relationship with a slope conductance of approximately 10 pS. The less frequent channel was outward rectifying with slope conductances of approximately 10 and 20 pS at -40 and 40 mV, respectively. The Cl- channels colocalized with apical maxi-K+ channels in 70% of the patches. The open probability (Po) of both kinds of Cl- channels was variable from patch to patch (0.3 on average) and insensitive to [Ca2+], membrane voltage, and pH. The channel density (approximately 0.3/patch) was one to two orders of magnitude less than that required to account for GaCl. However, addition of 250 U/ml protein kinase A plus 1 mM ATP to the cytosolic side of excised patches increased the density of the linear 10-pS Cl- channels more than 10- fold to four per patch and the mean Po to 0.5, close to expectations from GaCl. The permeability sequence and blocker insensitivity of the PKA-activated channels were identical to those of the apical membrane. These data strongly suggest that 10-pS Cl- channels are responsible for the cAMP-induced increase in apical membrane conductance of NGB epithelium. Journal Article Corcoran, James H. 1993 Bacterial abscesses in Iguana iguana Desert Monitor 24 5 7-8 Journal Article Cordierpicouet, M.J. 1993 Radioautographic Demonstration of Shifting Retinotectal Projection During Larval Development in the Toad Discoglossus pictus Ann Sci Natur-Zool Biol Anim 14 3 89-100 Retinotectal Projection; Shifting Connections; Development; Anuran; Radioautography; GOLDFISH OPTIC TECTUM; RANA-PIPIENS; RETINOTOPIC ORGANIZATION; TERMINAL ARBORIZATIONS; XENOPUS TADPOLES; FROG; CONNECTIONS; LAMININ; NERVE; GROWTH Journal Article Corey, David T.;McDowell, William T. 1993 Notes on reptiles found in Sherman small mammal traps Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 12 267-268 Journal Article Coriat, A. M.;Muller, U.;Harry, J. L.;Uwanogho, D.;Sharpe, P. T. 1993 PCR amplification of SRY-related gene sequences reveals evolutionary conservation of the SRY-box motif Pcr Methods Appl 2 3 218-22 Alligators and Crocodiles; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Base Sequence; Chickens; Drosophila; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics; *Evolution; Human; Lizards; Molecular Sequence Data; *Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SRY (sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) has recently been identified as a key regulatory gene in mammalian sex determination. The open reading frame of this gene contains an 80-amino-acid motif, the SRY-box, which shares a high degree of homology with a DNA-binding domain found in the high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins HMG1 and HMG2. The SRY box motif is highly conserved in several sequence-specific DNA- binding proteins that are known to act as transcription factors. Here we describe the use of degenerate PCR primers to identify SRY-related sequences containing the SRY-box motif from the genomic DNA of a variety of species. The results of this study suggest that in a diverse array of species SRY-related genes may serve as transcription factors that regulate a variety of developmental pathways, including sex determination. Journal Article Corn, Paul Stephen 1993 Bufo boreas (Boreal toad). Predation Herpetological Review 24 2 57 raven Journal Article Corn, Michael 1993 The green anole Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 8 4-5 anolis carolinensis captivity Journal Article Corn, Michael 1993 Green anole care sheet Desert Monitor 23 1 11-12 anolis captivity Journal Article Corn, P. Stephen 1993 Recent trends in the population of Wyoming toads (Bufo hemiophrys baxteri) Froglog 8 3 Journal Article Correiadesa, P.;Ribeiro, J.A. 1993 Facilitation of -ACh Release by Forskolin Depends on A(2)-Adenosine Receptor Activation Neurosci Lett 151 1 21-24 Presynaptic A(2)-Adenosine Receptor; Forskolin; [H-3]-Acetylcholine Release; Phrenic Nerve Ending; FROG NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; PHRENIC-NERVE; ADENOSINE RECEPTOR; RAT; INACTIVATION; TRANSMITTER; DITERPENE Journal Article Cortwright, S. A. 1993 Metapopulation dynamics and persistence of two amphibian species in relation to variation in habitat quality Froglog 7 3 Journal Article Coss, R.G.;Guse, K.L.;Poran, N.S.;Smith, D.G. 1993 Development of Antisnake Defenses in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) - .2. Microevolutionary Effects of Relaxed Selection from Rattlesnakes Behaviour 124 Part 1-2 137-164 SNAKE-DIRECTED BEHAVIOR; ADAPTIVE VARIATION; CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; HYPOTHALAMUS; ONTOGENY; MIMICRY; CAT Journal Article Costanzo, J.P.;Lee, R.E.;Lortz, P.H. 1993 Glucose Concentration Regulates Freeze Tolerance in the Wood Frog Rana sylvatica J Exp Biol 181 245-255 Anuran; Rana-Sylvatica; Tree Frog; Freeze Tolerance; Physiology; Hibernation; Glucose; Cryoprotection; COOLING RATE; ICE CONTENT; SURVIVAL; DYNAMICS; CELLS Journal Article Costanzo, Jon P.;Lee, Richard E., Jr. 1993 Physiological responses to freezing in the turtle Terrapene carolina Journal of Herpetology 27 1 117-120 thamnophis sirtalis chrysemys picta Journal Article Costanzo, J. P.;Lee, R. E., Jr 1993 Physiological adaptations promoting anuran freeze tolerance Froglog 8 3 Journal Article Costanzo, J. P.;Lee, R. E. 1993 Cryoprotectant production capacity of the freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica Can J Zool 71 1 71-75 Amphibia, anura, wood frog, Rana sylvatica, physiology, freeze tolerance, cryoprotectant Freezing survival of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is enhanced by the synthesis of the cryoprotectant glucose, via liver glycogenolysis. Because the quantity of glucose mobilized during freezing bears significantly on the limit of freeze tolerance we investigated the relationship between the quantity of liver glycogen and the capacity for cryoprotectant synthesis. We successfully augmented natural levels of liver glycogen by injecting cold-conditioned wood frogs with glucose. Groups of 8 frogs having mean liver glycogen concentrations of 554 +/-57 (SE), 940 +/- 57, and 1264 +/- 66 mumol/g catabolized 98.7, 83.4, and 52.8%, respectively, of their glycogen reserves during 24 h of freezing to -2.5-degrees-C. Glucose concentrations concomitantly increased, reaching 21 +/- 3, 102 +/- 23, and 119 +/- 14 mumol/g, respectively, in the liver, and 15 +/- 3, 42 +/- 5, and 61 +/- 5 mumol/mL, respectively, in the blood. Because the capacity for cryoprotectant synthesis depends on the amount of liver glycogen, the greatest risk of freezing injury likely occurs during spring, when glycogen reserves are minimal. Non-glucose osmolites were important in the wood frog's cryoprotectant system, especially in frogs having low glycogen levels. Presumably the natural variation in cryoprotectant synthesis capacity among individuals and populations of R. sylvatica chiefly reflects differences in glycogen reserves; however, environmental, physiological, and genetic factors likely are also involved. Journal Article Costanzo, J. P.;Lee, R. E.;Wright, M. F. 1993 Physiological Responses to Freezing in the Turtle Terrapene carolina J Herpetol 27 1 117-120 Journal Article Coulson, Jennifer O.;Coulson, Thomas D. 1993 Alligator mississippiensis(American alligator). Nest material Herpetological Review 24 2 58 Journal Article Couper, P. J.;Covacevich, J. A.;Moritz, Craig 1993 A review of the leaf-tailed geckos endemic to eastern Australia: A new genus, four new species, and other new data Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 34 1 95-124 saltuarius phylurus rainforest endemism reptilia squamata gekkonidae key salebrosus cornutus occultus swaini platurus isis ossa caudiannulatus nephthys laevis taxonomy systematics phylogeny zoogeography Journal Article Couper, Patrick J. 1993 A new species of Lygisaurus De Vis (Reptilia: Scincidae) from mideastern Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 33 1 163-166 zuma sp. nov open forest Journal Article Couper, Patrick J.;Covacevich, J. A.;Moritz, Craig 1993 A review of the leaf-tailed geckos endemic to eastern Australia: A new genus, four new species and other new data Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 34 1 95-124 Rainforest; endemism; Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae; Australia; Saltuarius gen. nov.; New genus; New species; Saltuarius occultus n. sp.; Phyllurus isis n. sp.; Phyllurus nepthys n. sp.; Phyllurus ossa n. sp. Journal Article Courtice, G.P.;Burcher, E.;Carlostella, R.;Conlon, J.M. 1993 Cardiovascular Effects of Amphibian and Mammalian Tachykinins in the Toad, Bufo-Marinus Neuropeptides 24 3 171-176 SUBSTANCE-P; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; PEPTIDE; RECEPTOR; HEART; NEURONS; NERVES; FAMILY; SYSTEM; BRAIN Journal Article Covacevich, J. A.;Couper, P. J.;James, C. 1993 A new skink, Nangura spinosa gen. et sp. nov., from a dry rainforest of southeastern Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 34 1 159-167 Nangura spinosa sp. nov.; Nangura gen. nov.; New species; New genus; Sphenomorphus group; dry rainforest; Scincidae; Queensland Journal Article Cox, Merel J. 1993 Some notes on the sunbeam snake, Xenopeltis unicolor Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 5 97 captivity breeding Journal Article Cox, J. H.;Frazier, R. S.;Maturbongs, R. A. 1993 Freshwater crocodiles of Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) Copeia 1993 2 564-566 crocodylus raninus siamensis palustris porosus Journal Article Cox, T.C. 1993 Low-Affinity Mixed Acetylcholine-Responsive Receptors at the Apical Membrane of Frog Tadpole Skin Am J Physiol 264 3 Part 1 C552-C558 Rana-Catesbeiana; Sodium Transport; Epithelium; Larva; Metamorphosis; Nicotinic; Muscarinic; LARVAL RANA-CATESBEIANA; TOAD URINARY-BLADDER; CALCIUM CHANNELS; SODIUM-TRANSPORT; CATION CHANNEL; AMILORIDE; PROTEIN; CELLS; NA+; EPITHELIUM Journal Article Cox, C.;Guillette, Lj, Jr. 1993 Localization of insulin-like growth factor-I-like immunoreactivity in the reproductive tract of the vitellogenic female American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis Anat Rec 236 4 635-40 *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Epithelium/chemistry/ultrastructure; Female; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*analysis; Oviducts/*chemistry/ultrastructure; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Culture; *Vitellogenesis Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a 70 amino acid, mitogenic polypeptide, which, in mammals, acts through an endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine pathway to regulate growth and development. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether or not IGF-I-like immunoreactivity is present in the oviduct of the vitellogenic American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, and if immunoreactivity patterns vary among the three functional oviducal regions: the albumen-secreting tube region, the anterior, fiber-secreting uterus, and the posterior, calcium-secreting uterus. Immunolocalization of IGF-I-like immunoreactivity was accomplished using a polyclonal antihuman rabbit antiserum with an immunoperoxidase staining system. IGF-I-like immunoreactivity was detected in all three oviducal regions of the vitellogenic alligator. The presence of IGF-I-like immunoreactivity in the oviduct suggests this hormone could function in the growth and proliferation of the alligator oviduct. Furthermore, the presence of IGF-I-like immunoreactivity in the tubal glands, which secrete components of the egg white, suggests that growth factors such as IGF-I may be synthesized by these glands and incorporated into the albumen during egg formation. Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess 1993 The natural history and captive husbandry of the Trans-Pecos rat snake (Bogertophis subocularis) Vivarium 4 5 18-21 Journal Article Crawford, Daniel M.;Somma, Louis A. 1993 Ramphotyphlops braminus (Brahminy Blind Snake). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 24 2 68 geographic distribution Journal Article Crawford, Daniel M.;Somma, Louis A. 1993 Hemidactylus garnotii (Indo-Pacific gecko). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 24 3 108-109 Journal Article Crawford, Dez 1993 "Conservation - Education - Propagation" Captive Breeding 1 3 18-19 Journal Article CRAWSHAW, G.J. 1993 Amphibian medicine FOWLER, M.E. (Ed) Zoo & Wild Animal Medicine. Saunders Cie, Philadelphia 131-139 Amphibia, anura, urodeles, survey, therapy BOOK, private Collection P. Zwart Book Section Crews, David;Moore, Michael C. 1993 Psychobiology of reproduction of unisexual whiptail lizards Wright, John W. and Vitt, Laurie J. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 257-282 Book Section Crews, D.;Tousignant, A.;Wibbels, T.;Ross, J.P. 1993 Reproduction in captive reptiles: Lessons for crocodilian farmers Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 323-334 Journal Article Crews, D.;Robker, R.;Mendonca, M. 1993 Seasonal fluctuations in brain nuclei in the red-sided garter snake and their hormonal control J Neurosci 13 12 5356-64 Amygdaloid Body/*cytology; Animal; Female; Hypothalamus/*cytology; Male; *Seasons; *Sex Behavior, Animal; Sex Characteristics; Sex Hormones/*physiology; Snakes/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. In many vertebrates, breeding seasons are protracted and mating behavior is temporally associated with gonadal growth and increased sex steroid hormone secretion. In the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis), mating behavior is restricted to the 2-4 weeks immediately following emergence from winter dormancy. During this period mating behavior is sex-specific: chin-rubbing is exhibited only by males and receptivity to chin-rubbing is exhibited only by females. It is remarkable that mating occurs when the gonads are small and circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones are low. As in other vertebrate species, limbic nuclei are involved in the mediation of mating behaviors. To determine if limbic nuclei are sexually dimorphic and, further, whether they fluctuate in size with the seasons, the volume of brain areas was measured in both sexes at different times of the year (spring, fall, hibernation) and after hormone manipulation (gonadectomy and gonadectomy plus hormone treatment). The areas of interest were the preoptic area (POA), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and the nucleus sphericus (NS or amygdala); control areas included the external nucleus of the optic tract (a cell-rich area) and medial forebrain bundle (a fiber-rich area). Comparisons according to season and manipulation revealed only two instances of sexual dimorphism: the POA of females was significantly smaller than that of males during hibernation and the NS of females was significantly smaller than that of males in those animals not subjected to hibernation. This general lack of sexual dimorphisms in the brain despite the sex-specificity of the behavior patterns and their marked seasonality may reflect the dissociated reproductive pattern characteristic of this species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Crews, D. 1993 The organizational concept and vertebrates without sex chromosones Brain Behavior and Evolution 42 202-214 sex ratio Journal Article Crnobrnja, J.;Bejakovic, D.;Tucic, N. 1993 Estimates of heritability and phenotypic selection for external morphology in sharp snout rock lizard (Lacerta oxycephala) Arch.Biol. Sci. 45 3-4 107-112 Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1993 Zoocria de los Crocodylia Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3 Journal Article Crombie, Ronald I. 1993 Book Review: Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History Herpetological Review 24 1 38-39 Personal Communication Crowther, Kerry Lane 1993 The impact of the Tuachan development on the gila monster in Padre Canyon, washington County, Utah Journal Article Crowther, Kerry L. 1993 The impact of the Tuacahn development on the gila monster in Padre Canyon, wasington County, Utah Intermontanus 2 2 3-6 heloderma suspectum Journal Article Cruz, Felix B.;Perotti, M. Gabriela;Fitzgerald, Lee A. 1993 Lista de anfibios y reptiles colectados en una localidad del Chaco Salteño Acta Zoológica Lilloana 42 1 101-107 Journal Article Cruz Neto, Ariovaldo P.;Abe, Augusto Shinya 1993 Diet composition of two syntopic species of neotropical amphisbaenians, Cercolophia roberti and Amphisbaena mertensii Journal of Herpetology 27 2 239-240 Journal Article Cruzneto, A.P.;Andrade, D.V. 1993 The Effect of Recent Diet on Prey Odor Discrimination by Juvenile Tegu Lizard, Tupinambis teguixin (Sauria, Teiidae) Zool Anz 230 3-4 123-129 Teiidae; Tupinambis-Teguixin; Foraging; Tongue Flick; Odor Discrimination Book Section Cuellar, Orlando 1993 Further observations on competition and natural history of coexisting parthenogenetic and bisexual whiptail lizards Wright, John W. and Vitt, Laurie J. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 345-370 Book Section Cuéllar, O. 1993 Further observations on competition and natural history of coexisting parthenogenetic and bisexual whiptail lizards Wright, J. W. and Vitt, L. J. Biology of whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 345-370 growth, size, reproduction Journal Article Cuéllar, Orlando 1993 Lizard population ecology: A long term community study Bull. Ecol. 24 109-149 reptiles, lizard, ecology, life history, natural history, demography, population ecology, community ecology, life expectancy, growth, home range, diel activity, body temperature Book Culotta, Wendy A.;Pickwell, George V. 1993 The Venomous Sea Snakes: A Comprehensive Bibliography Malabar, Florida Krieger Publishing 526 Journal Article Cundall, D.;Rossman, D.A. 1993 Cephalic anatomy of the rare Indonesian snake Anomochilus weberi Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 3 235-273 Anatomy; Skull; Cephalic Muscles; PRIMITIVE SNAKES; MUSCLES evolution Journal Article Cundall, David;Wallach, V.;Rossman, Douglas A. 1993 The systematic relationships of the snake genus Anomochilus Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 109 3 275-299 serpentes phylogeny skeleton visceral muscles classification taxonomy NATRIX-NATRIX L; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; PRIMITIVE SNAKES; RINGED SNAKE; SERPENTES; EVOLUTION; REPTILIA; DIBAMUS; MUSCLES; ISLAND Journal Article Cunha, O. R. da;Nascimento, F. P. do 1993 Ofidios de Amazonia. as cobras da regiao leste do para Zoologia 9 1-191 Ophidia, snakes, Brazil, Para, Amazonia, taxonomy, geographical distribution, biology Journal Article Cunningham, Bob 1993 Zoo snake aids sunbathers Idaho Herp News 6 1 19 Journal Article Cunningham, A. A.;Langton, T.E.S.;Bennett, P.M.;Drury, S.E.N.;Gough, R.E.;Kirkwood, J.K. 1993 Unusual mortality associated with Poxvirus-like particles in frogs (Rana temporaria) Vet. Rec. 133 6 141-142 Journal Article Cunningham, Carol A.;Tulloch, John S.;Powell, Robert 1993 Food habits of four Hispaniolan species of Sphaerodactylus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) Herpetological Natural History 1 2 1-10 notatus difficilis altavelensis clenchi asterulus Journal Article Cunningham, A. A.;Langton, Tes;Bennett, P. M.;Drury, Sen;Gough, R. E.;Kirkwood, J. K. 1993 Unusual mortality associated with poxvirus-like particles in frogs (Rana temporaria) Vet Rec 133 6 141-142 Amphibia, anura, Rana, infection, virus, pox, epidemic Reprint Endnote 93/562 Journal Article Curtin, N.A.;Woledge, R.C. 1993 Efficiency of Energy Conversion During Sinusoidal Movement of White Muscle Fibres from the Dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula J Exp Biol 183 137-147 Muscle; Fish; Dogfish; Efficiency; Mechanical Power; Heat; Scyliorhinus-Canicula; POWER OUTPUT; STRIATED-MUSCLE; FIBERS; FISH; FROG; WORK Journal Article D'Amato, A. F.;Marczwski, M. 1993 Aspectos da biologia de tartarugas marinhas (Cheloniidae) na região de Praia do Forte, municipio de Mata de São João, Bahia, Brasil, durante o periodo reprodutivo 1990-1991 Arq. Biol. Tecnol. 36 3 513-519 loggerhead; hawksbill; ridley Journal Article Dailey, M. D.;Fast, M. L.;Balazs, G. H. 1993 Hapalotrema dorsopora sp. n. (Trematoda, Spirorchidae) from the Heart of the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) with a Redescription of Hapalotrema postorchis J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 1 5-9 Hapalotrema dorsopora sp. n. from the heart of the green turtle Chelonia mydas is described. Hapalotrema dorsopora differs from all other members of the genus by having a separate dorsal uterine pore. Hapalotrema dorsopora most resembles Hapalotrema mehrai Rao, 1976, but differs, in addition to separate dorsal and ventral pores, in placement of testes and vitellaria and shape of ovary. Hapalotrema postorchis Rao, 1976, originally described from a single specimen, is redescribed. Journal Article Dale, N. 1993 A Large, Sustained Na+-Dependent and Voltage-Dependent K+ Current in Spinal Neurons of the Frog Embryo J Physiol-London 462 349-372 PIG VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; INTRACELLULAR PH; POTASSIUM CURRENT; XENOPUS EMBRYOS; BRAIN-STEM; NA/K PUMP; SODIUM; CHANNELS; CLAMP; CALCIUM Journal Article Dalrymple, Julie M. 1993 The grey treefrogs, Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysoscelis: The discovery of the only known diploid-triploid species pair of anurans in North America Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 7 137-139 Journal Article Dalrymple, George H. 1993 Book Review: Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida. Volume 3. Amphibians and Reptiles Copeia 1993 4 1186-1188 Journal Article Daly, Garry 1993 Unusual behaviour of grass skinks (Lampropholis delicata) Herpetofauna 23 2 41 Journal Article Damato, A.F.;Marczwski, M. 1993 Biological Aspects of Marine Turtles (Cheloniidae) During Nesting Season 1990-1991 at Praia-Do-Forte Area, District of Mata-de-Sao-Joao, Bahia, Brazil Arquivos de Biologia E Tecnologia 36 3 513-519 Conservation; Marine Turtles (Cheloniidae); Nesting Season - Praia Do Forte (Brazil) Journal Article Dan, Cogalniceanu;Calin, Tesio 1993 On the presence of Ranna lessonae in Rumania Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 90-93 Journal Article Daniels, R. J. Ranjit 1993 Geographical distribution patterns of amphibians in the western Ghats, India Froglog 6 3 Journal Article Daniels, R. C.;White, T.W.;Chapman, K.K. 1993 Sea-level rise: destruction of threatened and endangered species habitat in South Carolina Environmental Management 17 3 373-385 conservation; loggerhead Journal Article Danko, Stanislav 1993 Die haltung und zucht der amboina-scharnierschilkröte Cuora amboinensis Daudin, 1802 Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 1 8-11 Cuora amboinensis Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1993 Annandales Seasnake, Kalpophis Annandalei (Laidlaw, 1901) - A New Record for Borneo (Reptilia: Serpentes: Hydrophiidae) Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 41 2 359-361 Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Andrews, Harry V. 1993 Current literature in Asian herpetology Hamadryad 18 December 57-66 Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1993 Cnemaspis gordongekkoi, a new gecko from Lombok, Indonesia, and the biogeography of oriental species of Cnemaspis (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) Hamadryad 18 1-9 new species sp. nov. Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Charles, Joseph K. 1993 Amphibians and reptiles recorded from the Lambir hills National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia Hamadryad 18 17-23 bufo divergens rana erythraea glandulosa ingeri limnocharis metaphrynella sundana polypedates macrotis otilophus ptychozoon kuhli cosymbotus platyurus gehyra mutilatus gekko smithii gonydactylus pubisulcus hemiphyllodactylus typus draco sp. taeniopterus sphenomorphus cyanolaemus tropidophorus cf. brookei ramphotyphlops braminus rhabdophis conspicillata tropidolaemus wagleri Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Charles, Joseph K. 1993 A contribution to the herpetology of Bako National Park Sarawak East Malaysia Hamadryad 18 24-27 polypedates leucomystax Cnemaspis kendalli tropidolaemus wagleri gekko monarchus hemidactylus frenatus bronchocela cristatella draco volans apterygodon vittatum mabuya multifasciatus varanus salvator python reticulata ahaetulla prasinus boiga dendrophila chrysopelea paradisi pelias dendrelaphis caudolineata elaphe flavolineata xenochrophis maculata naja sumatrana laticauda colubrinus Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1993 Book Review: The Snakes of Thailand and Their Husbandry Hamadryad 18 54-55 Journal Article Dash, M.C.;Mahanta, J.K. 1993 Quantitative Analysis of the Community Structure of Tropical Amphibian Assemblages and Its Significance to Conservation J Biosciences 18 1 121-139 Community Structure; Niche Breadth Score; Niche Overlap; Conservation Journal Article Datta, G.;Tu, A.T. 1993 Toxicology and Biochemistry of Colubridae Venom J Toxicol-Toxin Rev 12 1 63-89 HUMAN ENVENOMATION; DUVERNOYS GLAND; SNAKE; BITE; SERPENTES; SECRETION Journal Article Daugherty, C.H.;Gibbs, G.W.;Hitchmough, R.A. 1993 Mega-Island or Micro-Continent - New-Zealand and Its Fauna Trend Ecol Evolut 8 12 437-442 LEIOPELMA; SPHENODON; REPTILIA; TUATARA; GECKO; FROG Journal Article Daut, Elizabeth F.;Andrews, Robin M. 1993 The effect of pregnancy on thermoregulatory Journal of Herpetology 27 1 6-13 chalcides ocellatus gestation temperature Journal Article Daut, E. F.;Andrews, R. M. 1993 The effect of pregnancy on thermoregulatory behavior of the viviparous lizard Chalcides ocellatus J Herpetol 27 1 6-13 Reptilia, sauria, lizard Chalcides ocellatus, pregnancy, thermoregulation Body temperatures of Chalcides ocellatus were measured on a thigmothermal gradient five times during their seasonal activity period. Overall, body temperatures differed among observation periods and females had higher body temperatures than males. However, body temperatures of females and males were similar and relatively high in April when mating occurred, and similar and relatively low in September when females were approximately two months post-parturition. In contrast, body temperatures of females were higher than those of males during the three observation periods during June and July, when females were pregnant or within a few days of parturition. This pattern was most distinct at 1600 h and least distinct at 1100 h. Thus, females may enhance embryonic development by maintaining relatively high body temperatures when pregnant. Individuals exhibited consistent body temperatures among times of day and among observation periods. Maximum differences in mean body temperature among pregnant females could represent a five day difference in gestation time. Journal Article Davenport, J.;Balazs, G.H.;Faithfull, J.V.;Williamson, D.A. 1993 A Struvite Faecolith in the Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli - A Means of Packaging Garbage Herpetol J 3 3 81-83 Journal Article Davenport, J.;Scott, C. R. 1993 Individuality of growth, appetite, metabolic rate and assimilation of nutrients in young green turtles (Chelonia mydas L) Herpetol J 3 1 26-31 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, physiology, growth, appetite, metabolism Mean appetite and oxygen uptake were highly variable amongst the 12 young green (Chelonia mydas L.) turtles studied. Neither appetite nor oxygen uptake had a statistically significant influence on specific growth rate. Amongst the efficiencies of assimilation of nutrients. there were quite wide individual variations in the rates of assimilation of energy, lipid and dry mass, but protein was assimilated with a uniformly high efficiency. Assimilation efficiencies of lipid and dry mass were significantly and positively correlated with specific growth rate. There were also strong positive correlations between the efficiencies of assimilation of different nutrients. There were weak negative correlations between appetite and the assimilation rates for energy and dry mass. These suggest that turtles compensate for a low efficiency of assimilation of these nutrients by an increased rate of food intake. Lipid assimilation in the turtles was lower than for the other nutrients. It was found that fatty acids are not all absorbed to the same extent. Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were relatively poorly absorbed by comparison with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal Article Davenport, J.;Balazs, G. H.;Faithfull, J.V.;Williamson, D.A. 1993 A struvite faecolith in the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli: a means of packing garbage? Herpetological Journal 3 81-83 leatherback Journal Article Davies, Bob 1993 More on Spindly-leg... American Dendrobatid Group Newsletter 1993 12 3-4 Journal Article Davies, Bob 1993 Breeding Dendrobates reticulatus American Dendrobatid Group Newsletter 1993 10 1-2 Journal Article Davis, Jeffery G.;McCarty, Christopher T. 1993 Ambystoma opacum (Marbled Salamander). USA: Ohio Herpetological Review 24 2 63 geographic distribution Book Section davis, Graeme W.;Heard, David J.;Chatto, Ray E. 1993 Legislation in relation to herpetofauna in the Northern Territory Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 333-335 Journal Article Dayton, L. 1993 An Antidote for All Snake Bites New Scientist 140 1905-6 13 Journal Article De, N.C. 1993 Seasonal Dynamics of Camallanus anabantis Infections in the Climbing Perch, Anabas testudineus, from the Freshwater Swamps Near Kalyani Town, West-Bengal, India Folia Parasitol 40 1 49-52 Seasonality; Occurrence; Maturation; Nematoda; Climbing Perch; India; HELMINTHS; FISHES Journal Article De Andrade, Denis Vieira;Abe, Augusto Shinya 1993 Natural occurence of shell abnormalities in hatchling red-footed tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria) Herpetological Review 24 3 89 Journal Article De Bavay, J. M. 1993 The developmental stages of the sphagnum frog, Kyarranus sphagnicolous Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 41 151-201 Journal Article De la Riva, Ignacio 1993 A new species of Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) from Argentina and Bolivia Journal of Herpetology 27 1 41-46 fuscovaria nasica castroviejoi Journal Article de la Riva, Ignacio 1993 Sinopsis del género Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) en Bolivia y adición de tres especies nuevas para el país Revista Española de Herpetología 7 97-105 Anura; Leptodactylidae; Eleutherodactylus; Bolivia; distribution; new records Journal Article De Meneghi, D. 1993 Ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae) of reptiles from central, Lusaka and southern provinces of Zambia Parassitologia 35 1-3 33-5 During the period 1988-1991, reptiles (23 snakes, 36 tortoises, 25 chameleons and 2 monitor lizards) from Central, Lusaka and Southern Provinces of Zambia were caught and checked for ticks. Only 2 snakes, respectively one Python sebae (Gmelin, 1789) and one Bitis arietans (Merrem, 1820), 8 tortoises, respectively seven Geochelone pardalis (Bell, 1828) and one Kinixys belliana (Gray, 1831) were found infested with a small number of ticks: nymphs and adults of Aponomma latum (Koch, 1844) and Amblyomma marmoreum Koch, 1844. Ticks were not observed on chameleons Chamaeleo dilepis (Leach, 1819) and monitor lizards Varanus niloticus (Linneo, 1758). The author makes some observations about the role and the effects of ticks on reptiles and discusses the present findings, comparing the data provided by other authors. Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1993 The Chinese evergreen: (Aglaonema) Vivarium 5 1 36-37 cages Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1993 In support of the keeping of boas and pythons by the private sector Vivarium 4 4 34-45 Boa; Acrantophis; Eunectes; Epicrates; Eryx; Python; Morelia; Candoia; Corallus; Chondropython; Liasis Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1993 Snakeplants: Sansevieria Vivarium 5 2 36-37 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1993 The General Care and Maintenance of Prehensile-Tailed Skinks Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 57 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe;Mailloux, Robert 1993 The General Care and Maintenance of Bearded Dragons Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 63 Journal Article Deangelis, M.H.;Kirchner, C. 1993 Fibroblast Growth Factor Induces Primitive Streak Formation in Rabbit Pre-Implantation Embryos Invitro Anat Embryol 187 3 269-273 Fibroblast Growth Factor; Mesoderm-Inducing Factor; Blastocyst; Invitro Culture; Rabbit; EARLY AMPHIBIAN DEVELOPMENT; MESODERM INDUCTION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES; XENOPUS EMBRYOS; FACTOR RECEPTOR; FACTOR-BETA; TGF-BETA; EXPRESSION; CELL; FGF Journal Article Dearing, M. Denise 1993 An alimantary specialization for herbivory in the tropical whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus murinus Journal of Herpetology 27 1 111-114 Journal Article Debavay, J.M. 1993 The Developmental Stages of the Sphagnum Frog, Kyarranus sphagnicolus Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae) Aust J Zool 41 2 151-201 AMPHIBIA Journal Article DeBraga, Michael;Carroll, Robert L. 1993 The origin of Mosasaurs as a model of macroevolutionary patterns and processes Evolutionary Biology 27 245-322 Journal Article Debski, E.A.;Constantinepaton, M. 1993 The Development of Non-Retinal Afferent Projections to the Frog Optic Tectum and the Substance-P Immunoreactivity of Tectal Connections Brain Res Dev Brain Res 72 1 21-39 Tectal Afferent; Nucleus-Isthmi; Topographic Map; Visual Development; Rana-Pipiens; PEPTIDE-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY; RANA-PIPIENS; NUCLEUS ISTHMI; LEOPARD FROG; LAMINAR ORGANIZATION; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; NMDA RECEPTOR; TERMINALS; PHYSIOLOGY; ABLATION Journal Article Defusco, Russell P.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Sceloporus undulatus erythrocheilus (red-lipped plateau lizard). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 4 155 Journal Article DeGroot, K. A.;Shaw, J. H. 1993 Nesting activities by the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) at Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia Proceedings of the Oaklahoma Academy of Science 73 15-17 sex ratio; loggerhead; conservation Journal Article Delariva, I. 1993 On the Taxonomic Status of Hyla carinata Andersson, 1938 (Anura, Hylidae) Herpetol J 3 3 113-114 Journal Article Delay, R. J.;Taylor, R.;Roper, S. D. 1993 Merkel-like basal cells in Necturus taste buds contain serotonin J Comp Neurol 335 4 606-13 Animal; Cell Differentiation/physiology; Immunohistochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus/*metabolism; Serotonin/*analysis; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste Buds/*chemistry/cytology Several types of cells have been identified in vertebrate taste buds, including dark cells, light cells, intermediate cells, type III cells, and basal cells. The physiological roles of these cell types are not well understood, especially those of basal cells. In this paper we show that there are two types of basal cells in taste buds from Necturus maculosus. One type of basal cell is an undifferentiated cell, presumably a stem cell. By combining light microscopic immunocytochemistry with electron microscopy, we show that the other type of basal cell is positive for serotonin-like immunoreactivity and that these cells have ultrastructural features similar to those found in cutaneous Merkel cells. Based on these findings, and the fact that the Merkel-like taste cells have been shown to make synaptic contacts with adjacent taste cells and with innervating nerve fibers, we conclude that these Merkel-like basal taste cells are serotonergic interneurons. Journal Article Delbono, O.;Stefani, E. 1993 Calcium Transients in Single Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Fibres J Physiol-London 463 689-707 INTRAMEMBRANE CHARGE MOVEMENT; CUT TWITCH FIBERS; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; FLUORESCENT INDICATOR; ARSENAZO-III; FROG-MUSCLE; TIME-COURSE; RELEASE; CA-2+; PARVALBUMIN Journal Article DeLisle, Dorothy M. 1993 Mealworm Heretic Vivarium 4 5 12;14 Journal Article Delucchini, S.;Nardi, I.;Barsacchi, G.;Batistoni, R.;Andronico, F. 1993 Molecular Cytogenetics of the Ribosomal (18S + 28S and 5S) DNA Loci in Primitive and Advanced Urodele Amphibians Genome 36 4 762-773 Molecular Cytogenetics; Ribosomal Genes; Salamandridae; Hynobiidae; VULGARIS-MERIDIONALIS AMPHIBIA; RNA GENES; LAMPBRUSH CHROMOSOMES; TRITURUS; SEQUENCES; NEWT; LOCALIZATION; LOCATION; REGIONS Journal Article DeMarco, Vincent 1993 Estimating egg retention times in Sceloporine lizards Journal of Herpetology 27 4 45-458 Journal Article Dematos, A.P.A.;Paperna, I. 1993 Ultrastructure of Erythrocytic Virus of the South African Anuran Ptychadena anchietae Disease Aquat Org 16 2 105-109 ONTARIO; FROGS Journal Article Dematos, A.P.A.;Paperna, I. 1993 Ultrastructural Study of Pirhemocyton Virus in Lizard Erythrocytes Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 68 1 24-33 Pirhemocyton; Icosahedral Virions; Erythrocytes; Agama-Impalearis; Tarentola-Mauritanica; Ptyodactylus-Hasselquistii; Gehyra-Australis; Heteronotia-Binoei; ONTARIO; FROGS Journal Article Dematos, Apa;Paperna, I. 1993 Ultrastructure of erythrocytic virus of the South African Anuran Ptychadena anchietae Disease Aquat Org 16 2 105-109 Amphibia, anura, Ptychadena anchietae , infection, virus, erythrocytic Electron microscopic study of virus infections in the erythrocytes of the frog Ptychadena anchietae from northern Transvaal, South Africa revealed icosahedral iridovirus-like particles measuring 175 to 198 nm in diameter, containing a dense, pleomorphic nucleoid. Virions were enveloped by 2 membranes, and may be associated with extensive membranous clots. The virus assembled in the cytoplasm within spherical fibrillar virosomes. Infected cells contained a large crystalloid inclusion body in their cytoplasm. and in some, the inclusion was also present in the nucleus. Infection occurred in both mature and immature erythrocytes. There was no evidence of productive infection in non- erythrocytic cells. Journal Article Dematos, Apa;Paperna, I. 1993 Ultrastructural study of Pirhemocyton virus in lizard erythrocytes Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 68 1 24-33 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, infection, virus, Pirhemocyton Ultrastructural study of Pirhemocyton infection in the lizard Agama impalearis, and the geckoes Tarentola mauritanica, Ptyodactylus hasselquistii, Gehyra australis and Heteronotia binoei confirmed is viral nature. Despite the apparent structural similarity, being all icosahedral iridovirus-like, virions from the diverse saurian hosts differed in size, nucleoid morphology and cytopathic effects on the erythocytes of their respective hosts. Virions from gecko infections were altogether larger than those found in A. impalearis. In the latter there was also no vacuole formation. The gecko infections are very different from one another in the pattern of their cytoplasmic membranes and the nature of their vacuoles. In P. hasselquistii virions became associated with the vacuole binding membrane. In the other geckoes the vacuole was an unbound inclusion of osmiophilic substance, very different from that found in the vacuole of P. hasselquistii. Journal Article Denton, J.S.;Beebee, T.J.C. 1993 Summer and Winter Refugia of Natterjacks (Bufo calamita) and Common Toads (Bufo bufo) in Britain Herpetol J 3 3 90-94 Journal Article Denton, J.S.;Beebee, T.J.C. 1993 Reproductive Strategies in a Female-Biased Population of Natterjack Toads, Bufo calamita Animal Behaviour 46 6 1169-1175 SEXUAL SELECTION; MATE SELECTION; BEHAVIOR; CHOICE Journal Article Derntl, Hans-Jürgen 1993 Thailand aus der sicht eines terrarianers Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 1 12-18 Journal Article Desrues, L.;Lamacz, M.;Jenks, B.G.;Vaudry, H.;Tonon, M.C. 1993 Effect of Dopamine on Adenylate Cyclase Activity, Polyphosphoinositide Metabolism and Cytosolic Calcium Concentrations in Frog Pituitary Melanotrophs J Endocrinol 136 3 421-429 THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; INOSITOL PHOSPHATE PRODUCTION; SENSITIVE G-PROTEIN; ANTERIOR-PITUITARY; NEUROINTERMEDIATE LOBE; PROLACTIN SECRETION; CORTICOSTEROID SECRETION; ACTION-POTENTIALS; ADRENAL-GLAND; CELLS Journal Article Desvages, G.;Girondot, M.;Pieau, C. 1993 Sensitive stages for the effects of temperature on gonadal aromatase activity in embryos of the marine turtle Dermochelys coriacea General and Comparative Endocrinology 92 54-61 sex ratio; leatherback Journal Article Dew, L.A.;Owen, R.G.;Mulroy, M.J. 1993 Changes in Size and Shape of Auditory Hair Cells Invivo During Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift Hear Res 66 1 99-107 Temporary Deafness; Acoustic Trauma; Relaxation; Osmosis; Synaptic Vesicle Membrane; Cochlea; Ear; Lizard; GUINEA-PIG COCHLEA; ALLIGATOR LIZARD; ACTIN-FILAMENTS; ACOUSTIC TRAUMA; STEREOCILIA; EXPOSURE; ORGANIZATION; ENDOCYTOSIS; RESPONSES; INVITRO Journal Article Diaz, J. A. 1993 Breeding coloration, mating opportunities, activity, and survival in the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus Can J Zool 71 6 1104-1110 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Psammodromus algirus, physiology, propagation, coloration, mating, survival I studied the activity, spacing patterns, courtship behavior, and survival of males (classified into two groups according to the development of the sexual coloration of the head) and females from a population of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus. Brightly colored (C+) males were significantly larger (and probably older) than dull-colored (C-) males, but aspects of behavior differed between study years. In 1989, C+ males had larger home ranges, were more active, overlapped with more females, and courted females more frequently than C- males. In 1990, none of these traits differed between the two categories of males. The variables associated with survival were different in the two sexes. Larger and more active males survived less well than smaller and less active ones, whereas survival of females was related to the fact that the times when they were observed were later in the day. Higher mortality rates could have been due to a higher predation risk affecting animals that were active on more days or under less favorable conditions. I postulate that die increased activity of males (mainly category C+ in years favoring stronger selection) would increase their short-term reproductive success but negatively affect their survival. Journal Article Dinardo, Joseph R. 1993 Letter to the editor [Reply to: ethics, taxonomy, genetics & studbooks: some considerations and a proposition] Captive Breeding 2 1 17-24 Journal Article Dirrigl, Frank J., Jr.;Dubos, Robert E. 1993 An alternative method for preparing skeletons of fluid-preserved specimens using dermestid beetles Herpetological Review 24 3 93-94 skeleton preparation preservation Journal Article Disi, A. M. 1993 A contribution to the herpetofauna of Jordan: V. New records of three colubrid snakes from Jordan Snake 25 109-114 Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1993 Post-hibernation care of tortoises Reptilian Magazine 1 10 27-29 captive care testudo graeca hermani Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1993 The husbandry and breeding of the green iguana (Iguana iguana) part one Reptilian 2 1 7-13 Iguana iguana Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1993 Calcium metabolism in reptiles and amphibians Reptilian 1 7 16-19 calcium metabolism Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1993 Captive husbandry of the Colombian boa constrictor Reptilian 1 8 24-29 Boa constrictor Journal Article Dixon, James R. 1993 A comment on the status of endangered species Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 4 79-80 Journal Article Dixon, J.R.;Yanosky, A.A.;Mercolli, C. 1993 Typhlops brongersmianus Vanzolini and Liophis almadensis (Wagler) - 2 New Records for the Snake Fauna of the Province of Formosa, Argentina Herpetol J 3 2 72 Journal Article Dixon, James R. 1993 Supplement to the literature for the "Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas" 1987 Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 1993 94 1-43 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Yanosky, A. Alberto 1993 A microchip marking system for identification of Caiman hatchlings Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 29 4 156-159 Book Dixon, J. R.;Wiest, J.A., Jr.;Cei, J. M. 1993 Revision of the Neotropical Snake Genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae) Torino, Italy Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino 279 Chironius Journal Article Dixon, J. R.;Yanosky, A. A.;Marcolli, C. 1993 Typhlops brongersmianus Vanzolini and Liophis almadensis (Wagler): Two new records for the snake fauna of the province of Formosa, Argentina Herpetological Journal 3 reptiles, snakes, Journal Article Dmiel, R.;Perry, G.;Belinsky, A.;Ackerman, R. A. 1993 The effects of hydric and thermal properties of incubation substrate on embryonic development in the water snake, Natrix tessellata Herpetol J 3 2 60-64 Reptilia, serpentes, Natrix tessalata, propagation, egg, water We studied the effects of incubation substrate and its water content on egg water uptake, incubation duration, and hatchling mass in the diced water snake Natrix tessellata. Egg water uptake was highest in sand (the substrate with the highest thermal conductivity) and lowest in air (which had the lowest thermal conductivity). Water uptake was independent of initial egg mass. Incubation duration was correlated with substrate type and water content. Hatchling mass was independent of initial egg mass, but there was a weak negative correlation with total water uptake and with length of incubation. Wet mass of hatchlings incubated in air was greater than those incubated in sand or vermiculite. A greater increase of water uptake by eggs incubated in the most thermally conductive substrate (moist sand) suggests transport of water vapour, rather than liquid water, as the mechanism of transport across the membranes of parchment shelled eggs. Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.;Franz, Richard 1993 The need for status information on common herpetofaunal species Herpetological Review 24 2 47-50 surveys Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1993 Cost of living in an unpredictable environmant: the ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought Copeia 1993 3 605-614 Book Section Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1993 Strategies for snake conservation Seigel, Richard A. and Collins, Joseph T. Snakes: Ecology & Behavior New York McGraw-Hill, Inc. 363-393 Journal Article Dodd, C.K. 1993 The Effects of Toeclipping on Sprint Performance of the Lizard Cnemidophorus-sexlineatus J Herpetol 27 2 209-213 LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; SCELOPORUS-MERRIAMI; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATIONS; REPEATABILITY Journal Article Dodd, C.K. 1993 Population Structure, Body Mass, Activity, and Orientation of an Aquatic Snake (Seminatrix pygaea) During a Drought Can J Zool 71 7 1281-1288 METAPOPULATION DYNAMICS; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; UNITED-STATES; RECONSTRUCTION; ECOSYSTEM; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; TURTLE Journal Article Dodd, C. K. 1993 Strategies for snake conservation Snakes Serpentes, conservation Journal Article Dodd, C. K. 1993 The effects of toeclipping on sprint performance of the lizard Cnemidophorus sexlineatus J Herpetol 27 2 209-213 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus, physiology, sprint performance, toeclipping Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1993 Cost of living in an unpredictable environment: the ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought Copeia 1993 3 605-614 Journal Article Dodd, C.Kenneth, Jr. 1993 Cost of living in an unpredictable environment: The ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought Copeia 3 605-614 environment, ecology, striped newts, Notophthalmus perstiatus, drought Journal Article Dodd, C.K., Jr., R. Franz 1993 The need for status information on common herpetofaunal species Herp. Rev. 24 47-50 Journal Article Dodd, C. K., Jr. 1993 Cost of living in an unpredictable environment: the ecology of striped newts Notophthalmus perstriatus during a prolonged drought Copeia 1993 605-614 Journal Article Doherty, John A. 1993 Book Review: Captive invertebrates. A Guide to Their Biology and Husbandry Herpetological Review 24 1 40 Journal Article Dohm, M. R.;Garland, T. 1993 Quantitative genetics of scale counts in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis Copeia 28 4 987-1002 Reptilia, serpentes, Thamnophis sirtalis, anatomy, scales, genetics This study addresses the quantitative genetic basis of phenotypic variation and covariation for a series of meristic traits in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis fitchi (six head scale counts: loreals, supra- and infralabials, pre- and postoculars, temporals; three body scale counts: ventrals, subcaudals, dorsal scale rows at midbody; two derived traits: umbilical scar size and position). Each trait was scored on approximately 540 offspring and their 47 dams captured in the wild while gravid. Correlations of the meristic traits with body mass at birth, dam's snout-vent length and body mass, litter size, and number of days each dam was held under laboratory conditions prior to giving birth were removed by computing residuals from multiple regression equations. Narrow-sense heritabilities (estimated by restricted maximum likelihood) of residuals were high for temporal scale counts (0.59), moderately large for ventral (0.29) and subcaudal scale counts (0.41), and low (in the range 0-0.12) for the other five traits. Probably as a consequence of the low statistical power of significance testing under restricted maximum likelihood, only the heritability for temporal scales was significantly different from zero. Phenotypic (r(p) = 0.25) and genetic (r(g) = 0.67) correlations between ventrals and subcaudals were positive and significant. Phenotypic correlations between the head scale counts were generally low; however, the genetic correlations were larger, suggesting relatively tight integration at the genetic level. Phenotypic correlations between the head and body scale counts were generally low, but several genetic correlations were large (e.g., r(g) = 0.59 for ventrals and infralabials, r(g) = 0.59 for subcaudals and supralabials). These data indicate that scale counts from different regions of the body are not evolutionarily independent characters, despite their different spatial and temporal relationships during development. Overall, genetic correlations were not strongly correlated with either phenotypic (r = 0.42) or environmental correlations (r = 0.16). Journal Article Done, Lisa B.;Willard-Mack, Cynthia L.;Ruble, Gaye;Cranfield, Michael 1993 Diagnostic exercise: Ulcerative dermatitis and cellulitis in American toads Laboratory Animal Science 43 6 619-621 Bufo americanus veterninary medicine Book Section Donnellan, S.;Adams, M.;Hutchinson, M.;Baverstock, P. R. 1993 The identification of cryptic species in the Australian herpetofauna: a high research priority Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 121-126 Pseudomoia entrecasteauxii Book Section Donnelly, M.A. 1993 Amphibian Diversity and Natural History Mcdade, L.A.;Bawa, K.S.;Hespenheide, H.A. and Hartshorn, G.S. La Selva 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 Univ Chicago Press 199-209 Journal Article Doody, Evelyn 1993 The story of Toby - or - why you should join BATK British Association of Tortoise Keepers Magazine 14 3 Journal Article DOOREN, K. van 1993 'T gevaar loert soms waar men het niet verwacht ... Terra 29 2 47 Reptilia, sauria, green lizard, Lacerta viridis, trauma meal-worm, puppa Reprint Endnote 93/597 Journal Article Dores, R. M.;McDonald, L. K.;Purdom, L. C.;Sei, C. A. 1993 Reversed phase HPLC analysis of proenkephalin-related and prodynorphin- related end-products in the brain of a urodele amphibian, Ambystoma tigrinum Brain Behav Evol 42 2 69-76 Ambystoma/*genetics; Animal; Brain/*metabolism; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enkephalins/*genetics; *Evolution; Female; Gene Expression Regulation/physiology; Male; Protein Precursors/*genetics; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Acid extracts of the brain of a urodele amphibian, Ambystoma tigrinum, were screened with radioimmunoassays specific for enkephalin-related products and dynorphin-related products. Following Sephadex G-50 column chromatography a peak of enkephalin-sized immunoreactive material was detected near the total volume of the column. The enkephalin-sized immunoreactivity was further analyzed by reversed phase HPLC. This analysis detected peaks of authentic Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin. However, the molar ratio of Met-enkephalin to Leu-enkephalin in the brain of this amphibian was approximately 80:1. These observations would suggest that the Leu-enkephalin detected in the brain of Ambystoma may be derived from a source other than the Proenkephalin precursor. Neither Met-enkephalin-RGL or Met-enkephalin-RF were detected by radioimmunoassay in brain extracts from this urodele. However, following digestion with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B, a novel peak of C-terminally extended Met-enkephalin was detected. Two peaks of Prodynorphin-related products were also detected following gel filtration chromatography. These immunoreactive forms were detected using antisera specific for alpha-neo-endorphin and dynorphin B(1-13). No immunoreactive forms with antigenic determinants similar to mammalian dynorphin A(1-17) or dynorphin A(1-8) were detected in this species. Reversed phase HPLC analysis indicated that the major form of urodele alpha-neo-endorphin eluted with the same retention time as synthetic mammalian alpha-neo-endorphin. Urodele dynorphin B(1-13)- related immunoreactivity eluted as a single peak, however, this form did not elute with the same retention time as synthetic mammalian dynorphin B(1-13).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Dores, R. M.;Sandoval, F. L.;McDonald, L. K. 1993 Proteolytic cleavage of ACTH in corticotropes of sexually mature axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) Peptides 14 5 1029-35 alpha-MSH/analysis; Adrenal Cortex/metabolism; Ambystoma mexicanum; Animal; Corticotropin/analysis/*metabolism; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Larva/metabolism; Male; Metamorphosis, Biological/*physiology; Peptide Hydrolases; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/chemistry/cytology/*metabolism; Rana catesbeiana; Sex Maturation/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Immunohistochemical analysis of the pituitary of sexually mature axolotls revealed both ACTH(1-39)-related and alpha-MSH-related immunoreactivity present in corticotropic cells located in the rostral anterior pituitary. Gel filtration analysis indicated that the ACTH(1- 39)-sized immunoreactivity and the alpha-MSH-sized immunoreactivity detected in acid extracts of the axolotl anterior pituitary were present in a ratio in a range between 1:1 and 1:0.6. Reversed-phase HPLC analyses indicated that the alpha-MSH-sized immunoreactivity had the same retention time as synthetic ACTH(1-13)-NH2. The corticotropic activity of the ACTH(1-39)-sized immunoreactivity and the purified ACTH(1-13)-NH2 was tested in a heterologous, larval bullfrog adrenal bioassay system. As expected, the ACTH(1-39)-sized immunoreactivity stimulated corticosterone release; however, the purified ACTH(1-13)-NH2 lacked glucocorticoid activity. The proteolytic cleavage of ACTH in corticotropes of sexually mature axolotls was identical to the cleavage events observed in neotenic Ambystoma tigrinum that had not reached sexual maturity. These studies indicate that the transient expression of ACTH cleavage activity is not affected by the reproductive state of the animal. Since axolotls do not undergo metamorphosis, it is possible that events associated with metamorphosis may induce the decline in ACTH cleavage activity observed in amphibian corticotropes. Journal Article Dorn, Connie 1993 Herps home alone: How to provide for your animals when you leave home Idaho Herp News 6 1 7-9 Journal Article Doving, K.B.;Trotier, D.;Rosin, J.F.;Holley, A. 1993 Functional Architecture of the Vomeronasal Organ of the Frog (Genus Rana) Acta Zool 74 3 173-180 Journal Article Doving, K.B.;Trotier, D.;Rosin, J.-F.;Holley, A. 1993 Functional architecture of the vomeronasal organ of the frog (Genus Rana) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 74 3 173-180 Amphibia, anura, frog, rana, anatomy, vomeronasal organ The design of the frog nose make it possible for this amphibious animal to sample the chemical composition of its environment; above water the frog can inhale air and expose its olfactory organ to volatile substances; in water the vomeronasal organ samples water-borne substances. These are new findings. Reprint Endnote 93/633 Journal Article Dowling, Herndon G. 1993 Viewpoint: a reply to Collins (1991, 1992) Herpetological Review 24 1 11-13 evolutionary species concept Journal Article Dowling, Herndon G. 1993 Book Review: Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies; Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History Vivarium 4 5 34-35 Journal Article Dowling, Herndon G. 1993 The name of Russel's viper Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 320 Journal Article Downey, Fiona 1993 Tail regeneration in the military dragon, Ctenophorus isolepis Herpetofauna 23 1 38-39 Book Section Downey, Fiona J.;Dickman, Chris R. 1993 Macro- and microhabitat relationships among lizards of the sandridge desert in central Australia Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 133-138 Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1993 Functions of the foam in foam-nesting Leptodactylids: The nest as a post-hatching refuge in Physalaemus pustulosus Herpetological Journal 3 35-42 incubation, tadpoles, frogs Journal Article Downing, Shaun 1993 The captive care of the green anole Reptilian 2 1 35-37 Anolis Journal Article Draud, Matthew Jay 1993 The North American tiger salamander Reptile & Amphibian Magazine January/February 62-68 ambystoma tigrinum Journal Article Drobny, Manfred 1993 Aspekte der populationsökologie und der fortpflanzungsbiologie der Äskulapnatter Elaphe longissima (Laurenti, 1768) in Ostbayern [Aspects of population ecology and reproductive biology of Aesculapian snake, Elaphe longissima (Laurenti, 1768) in Eastern Bavaria, Germany] Mertensiella 3 135-156 Elaphe longissima; Seasonal activity patterns; Social activity; Sexual activity; Nesting site Journal Article Drysdale, T.A.;Elinson, R.P. 1993 Head Ectodermal Patterning and Axial Development in Frogs American Zoologist 33 4 417-423 RETINOIC ACID CAUSES; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; HATCHING ENZYME; EMBRYOS; ORGANIZER; MESODERM; LITHIUM; GLAND Journal Article Drysdale, T. A.;Elinson., R. P. 1993 Head ectodermal patterning and axial development in frogs American Zoologist 33 417-423 Journal Article Du Preez, Louis H. 1993 Polystomatidae (Monogenea) of Anura in southern Africa: Polystoma testimagna n. sp. parasitic in Strongylopus f. fasciatus (Smith, 1849) Systematic Parasitology 25 213-219 Monogenea, Amphibia, Anura, Polystoma testimagna, Strongylopus fasciatus, Africa Journal Article Duarte, M.R.;Laportaferreira, I.L. 1993 Fat Body, Lipids, and Protein Changes After Induced Long-Term Fasting in the Pitviper, Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824) (Serpentes, Viperidae) in Captivity Zool Anz 230 3-4 111-121 Bothrops-Jararaca; Serpentes; Lipid Mobilization Long-Term Fasting; Protein Conservation; REPRODUCTION; SNAKES; COST; REPTILES; STORAGE; TACTICS; BIRDS Journal Article Dubin, A. E.;Dionne, V. E. 1993 Modulation of Cl-, K+, and nonselective cation conductances by taurine in olfactory receptor neurons of the mudpuppy Necturus maculosus J Gen Physiol 101 4 469-85 Animal; Chemoreceptors/*drug effects; Evoked Potentials/drug effects; In Vitro; Ion Channels/drug effects/*metabolism; Membrane Proteins/drug effects/*metabolism; Necturus; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*metabolism; Odors; Olfactory Mucosa/drug effects/*metabolism; Potassium Channels/drug effects/*metabolism; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects; Strychnine/pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taurine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology Odors are transduced by processes that modulate the membrane conductance of olfactory receptor neurons. Olfactory neurons from the aquatic salamander, Necturus maculosus, were acutely isolated without enzymes and studied with a resistive whole-cell method to minimize loss of soluble intracellular constituents. 55 of 224 neurons responded to the test compound taurine at concentrations between 10 nM and 100 microM. Four different conductance changes were elicited by taurine: an increased Cl- conductance (33%), an increased nonselective cation conductance (15%), a decreased Cl- conductance (15%), and a decreased K+ conductance (15%); in addition, responses too small to be characterized were elicited in some neurons. In most cases, taurine appeared to modulate only a single conductance in any particular cell. Modulation of each conductance was dose dependent, and each response ran down quickly in the normal whole-cell mode, presumably due to washout of a diffusible component in the transduction pathway. Modulation of taurine-sensitive conductances caused either inhibitory or excitatory responses. A similar diversity of responses in vivo would produce a complex pattern of electrical activity that could encode the identity and characteristics of an odor. Journal Article Dubinsky, W. P.;Mayorga-Wark, O.;Garretson, L. T.;Schultz, S. G. 1993 Immunoisolation of a K+ channel from basolateral membranes of Necturus enterocytes Am J Physiol 265 2 Pt 1 C548-55 Animal; Antibodies/immunology; Carrier Proteins/metabolism; Immunohistochemistry/*methods; Intestine, Small/*metabolism/ultrastructure; Liposomes/metabolism; Membranes/metabolism; Necturus maculosus/*metabolism; Peptide Fragments/immunology; Potassium/metabolism; Potassium Channels/*metabolism; Precipitin Tests; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. We have reported that a peptide composed of the NH2-terminal 22 amino acids of the Drosophila Shaker B K+ channel protein, which is responsible for the inactivation of this A-type channel, blocks the inner, open mouth of a voltage-gated K+ channel present in the basolateral membrane of Necturus maculosa small intestinal enterocytes. We now demonstrate that antibodies to this "inactivating" peptide interact with proteins in solubilized and intact basolateral membranes from Necturus enterocytes. Asolectin vesicles reconstituted with the full complement of solubilized basolateral membrane proteins display 86Rb+ uptake that is inhibited by tetraethylammonium ion and abolished by immunoprecipitation with these antibodies. Furthermore, asolectin vesicles containing protein eluted from an antibody-affinity column display 86Rb+ uptake that is abolished by boiling. Finally, reconstitution of the immunoisolated protein into planar phospholipid bilayers disclosed a K+ channel whose single-channel properties are identical to those of the voltage-gated channel in the native basolateral membranes. Our data are consistent with the notion that a 150-kDa protein present in basolateral membranes of Necturus enterocytes possesses inwardly rectifying K+ channel activity and that this protein is antigenically similar to the type A K+ channel present in the flight muscles of Drosophila melanogaster and encoded by the Shaker B locus. Journal Article Ducey, P.K.;Brodie, E.D.;Baness, E.A. 1993 Salamander Tail Autotomy and Snake Predation - Role of Antipredator Behavior and Toxicity for 3 Neotropical Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) Biotropica 25 3 344-349 Antipredator; Behavior; Bolitoglossa; Caudata; Salamander; Tail Autotomy; Toxicity; STRATEGIES Journal Article Ducey, P. K.;Formanowicz, D. R., Jr;Boyet, L.;Mailloux, J.;Nussbaum, R. A. 1993 Experimental examination of burrowing behavior in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Effects of soil compaction on burrowing ability of four species Herpetologica 49 4 450-457 Journal Article Ducey, P. K.;Formanowicz, D. R., Jr.;Boyet, L.;Mailloux, J.;Nussbaum, R. A. 1993 Experimental examination of burrowing behavior in caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Effects of soil compaction on burrowing ability of four species Herpetologica 49 4 450-457 Dermophis Mexicanus; Gymnopis Syntrema; Ichthyophis Kohtaoensis; Schistometopum Thomense; Tunnel Construction We evaluated the burrowing behaviors and capabilities of four species of caecilians (Dermophis mexicanus, Gymnopis syntrema, Ichthyophis kohtaoensis, and Schistometopum thomense) in relation to soil compaction in laboratory studies. Burrowing abilities were assessed by monitoring the percentage of caecilians able to burrow and the length of time required to burrow in soils of different compactions. The ability to choose among different soils and the use of existing tunnels in preference to new tunnel construction were assessed for each species. The burrowing capabilities of all species were strongly limited by soil compaction. In addition, members of all species showed clear preferences for burrowing in the least compact soil available and for using existing tunnels rather than constructing new burrows. There were significant differences among species, with Dermophis being the most rapid and capable burrowers of those tested. However, the hypothesized general burrowing superiority of caeciliaid species over ichthyophiids was not supported by comparisons of Gymnopis and Schistometopum with Ichthyophis. Journal Article Duchampviret, P.;Duchamp, A.;Chaput, M. 1993 GABAergic Control of Odor-Induced Activity in the Frog Olfactory Bulb - Electrophysiological Study with Picrotoxin and Bicuculline Neuroscience 53 1 111-120 TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; STIMULUS-INTENSITY; RECEPTOR-CELLS; RAT MAIN; NEURONS; GABA; IMMUNOREACTIVITIES; DISCRIMINATION; INHIBITION; DOPAMINE Journal Article Duda, P. L.;Verma, Anil K.;Sahi, D. N. 1993 Sex ratios in freshwater turtles from Jammu, India Hamadryad 18 10-12 kachuga tecta smithii Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1993 Populations of anuran amphibians in an Amazonian rainforest: stability or decline? Froglog 7 3 Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1993 Book Review: Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles Copeia 1993 4 1190-1191 Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Wiens, John J. 1993 Hylid frogs of the genus Scinax Wagler, 1830, in Amazonian Ecuador and Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 153 1-57 Scinax icterica sp. nov.; Scinax oreites sp. nov.; New species; Scinax; Peru; Ecuador; Hyla rubra neotype Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Schulte, Rainer 1993 New species of Centrolenid frogs from Northern Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 155 1-33 New species; Anura; Centrolenidae; Peru; Centrolene fernandoi n. sp.; Centrolene lemniscatum n. sp.; Centrolene muelleri sp. n.; Cochranella chancas n. sp.; Cochranella croceopodes n. sp.; Cochranella saxiscandens n. sp.; Cochranella tangarana n. sp.; Hyalinobatrachium lemur n. sp. Book Duellman, William E. 1993 Amphibian Species of the World: Additions and Corrections Lawrence, KS University of Kansas Museum of Natural History iii + 370 Amphibians Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Wild, Erik R. 1993 Anuran amphibians from the Cordillera de Huancabamba, northern Peru: Systematics, Ecology, and biogeography Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 157 1-53 Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Schulte, Rainer 1993 New species of centrolenid frogs from nothern Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 155 1-33 Journal Article Duellman, William E. 1993 Amphibian species of the world: additions and corrections University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 21 1-372 Amphibia, Anura, Caudata, Apoda, systematics, phylogenetics, taxonomy, Book Section Duellman, William E. 1993 Amphibians in Africa and South America: evolutionary history and ecological comparisons Goldblatt, Peter Biological relationships between Africa and South America New Haven, CT Yale University Press 200-243 Lissamphibia, anura, caecilians, gymnophiona, caudata, biogeography, continental drift, Gondwanaland, Arthroleptidae, Bufonidae, Heleophrynidae, Discoglossidae, Hemisotidae, Hylidae, Hyperoliidae, Microhylidae, Pipidae, Ranidae,Rhacophoridae, Salamandridae, Caeciliaidae, Allophrynidae, Brachycephalidae, Centrolenidae, Dendrobatidae, Leptodactylidae, Pseudidae, Rhinodermatidae, Plethodontidae, Typhlonectidae Journal Article Duellman, W. E. 1993 Book review of - Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles by G. R. Zug, Academic Press, 1993 Copeia 4 1190-1191 book review, textbook Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Coloma, L. A. 1993 Hyla staufferorum, a new species of treefrog in the Hyla larinopygion group from the cloud forests of Ecuador Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas 161 1-11 Hylidae, Andes, tadpoles, frog, morphology Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Wild, E. R. 1993 Anuran amphibians from the Cordillera de Huancabamba, northern Peru: systematics, ecology, and biogeography Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 157 1-53 Andes, distribution, species description, morphology, Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Schulte, R. 1993 New species of centrolenid frogs from northern Peru Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 155 1-33 amphibians, species description, morphology, distribution, Thesis Dull, Andrew F. 1993? Physiological thermoregulation in snakes 127 Journal Article Dunlap, Kent D.;Mathies, Tom 1993 Effects of nymphal ticks and their interaction with Malaria on the physiology of male fence lizards Copeia 1993 4 1045-1048 Sceloporus occidentalis ixodes pacificus plasmodium mexicanum Journal Article Dunlap, K. D. 1993 Effects of nymphal ticks and their interaction with malaria on the physiology of male fence lizards Copeia 28 4 1045-1048 Reptilia, sauria, fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis, infection, acari, tick, Ixodes pacificus, protozoa, malaria, physiology Ectoparasites infest many lizard species, but the physiological consequences of infestation in free-living lizards have not been studied. We examined male western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, infested with ticks, Ixodes pacificus, in northern California. Many lizards in this population were also infected with malaria, Plasmodium mexicanum. We found that the effects of nymphal ticks on blood composition and body condition (relative body weight) depended on the age of the lizard host and whether the lizard was also infected with malaria. Adult male lizards, but not juveniles, infested with ticks had lower hematocrits than uninfested lizards. Although the reduction in hematocrit that accompanies the mean level of tick infestation probably does not substantially affect the lizards, heavy infestations (>5 ticks per lizard) may significantly limit the aerobic capacity and behavior of the lizard host. Lizards parasitized with both ticks and malaria had significantly lower body condition than lizards with one or neither parasite. Journal Article Dunn, A. M.;Adams, J.;Smith, J. E. 1993 Transovarial Transmission and Sex Ratio Distortion by a Microsporidian Parasite in a Shrimp J Invertebr Pathol 61 3 248-252 Journal Article Dupreez, L.H.;Kok, D.J. 1993 Polystomatidae (Monogenea) of Anura in Southern Africa - Polystoma testimagna n. sp Parasitic in Stronglylopus f fasciatus (Smith, 1849) Syst Parasitol 25 3 213-219 Journal Article Durako, M.J.;Sackett, W.M. 1993 Effects of CO2(Aq) on the Carbon Isotopic Composition of the Seagrass Thalassia-Testudinum Banks-Ex-Konig (Hydrocharitaceae) J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 169 2 167-180 C-Fractionation; CO2(Aq); Seagrass; Thalassia-Testudinum; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; INORGANIC CARBON; STABLE ISOTOPES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FRACTIONATION; PLANTS; PRODUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; BICARBONATE; METABOLISM Journal Article Durner, G. M.;Gates, J. E. 1993 Spatial ecology of black rat snakes on remington farms, Maryland J Wildlife Manage 57 4 812-826 Black rat snakes (Elaphe o. obsoleta) are important predators of nesting birds and small mammals in fragmented landscapes. Thus, we used radiotelemetry to study movements of 32 black rat snakes at Remington Farms, Maryland, during 1988-89 to determine potential ways to minimize their depredations. Yearly home ranges were similar (P > 0.05) for males and females (xBAR +/- SE) (convex polygon, 9.49 +/- 1.01 ha; 95% harmonic contour, 10.52 +/- 1.24 ha), but males covered more (P < 0.05) of the home range earlier in the spring. Snakes were familiar with habitat features within their home range, returning to the same areas after prolonged absences. Snakes used forest edge, residential, hedgerow, and herbaceous/brush habitats more (P < 0.05-0.001) than expected by chance. Use of hayfields increased, and use of forest decreased from early (mid-May-30 Jun) to late (I Jul-28 Aug) season. Snakes rarely used crop fields. Low frequency of movement within forest interior and residential areas indicated their importance as refuges. Activity was high in non-forest habitat and forest edge, suggesting their importance for foraging. Males traveled more often (P < 0.01-0.001) than females during late spring and early summer. Movements were infrequent (<5%) between dusk and dawn. Use of major structural features in the home range differed (P < 0.05-0.001) between sexes and among seasons. Females used shelter (trees and buildings) more often (P < 0.001) than males, especially during early season. Snakes used elevated sites on >50% of all observations. Females used higher (P < 0.001) perches (xBAR +/- SE) (6.3 +/- 0.2 m) than males (3.4 +/- 0.1 m). Suitable habitat for black rat snakes in agricultural landscapes contained small forest blocks with a high edge-to-area ratio. Fallow fields, fields planted to orchard grass and clover, and a network of strip vegetation, especially brushy hedgerows, provided important foraging habitat. To minimize predation on nesting birds and small mammals, we suggest decreasing habitat suitability by creating broad expanses of unsuitable habitat bordering forests, or maintaining large forest blocks with a low edge-to-area ratio. Journal Article Dussaule, J. C.;Stefanski, A.;Bea, M. L.;Ronco, P.;Ardailou, R. 1993 Characterization of Neutral Endopeptidase in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Rabbit Renal Cortex Am J Physiol In addition to biological an clearance receptors for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), culture vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from the rabbit renal cortex possess ectoenzymes degrading this hormone. We examined whether neutral endopeptidase (NEP) was implicated in this process. The presence of NEP in VSMC was demonstrated as follows. 1) NEP activity measured from the hydrolysis of a synthetic substrate by intact cells cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal calf serum was 1,609 +/- 65 pmol . min-1 . mg-1 [surface localization of the enzyme was confirmed by low activity (4% of total) in the cytosol; release of NEP activity in the medium was negligible]; 2) a monoclonal antibody directed against rabbit NEP specifically stained VSMC membranes; and 3) mRNA from VSMC hybridized a NEP cDNA probe with a single band as shown by Northern blot analysis. The role of NEP in ANF catabolism was demonstrated by incubating I-125 ANF or unlabeled ANF for increasing periods of time with VSMC in the presence of thiorphan (1-100 muM). Intact hormone estimated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation or radioimmunoassay, respectively, increased markedly compared with control in the presence of this specific inhibitor of NEP. NEP activity was stimulated (x1.6) in quiescent VSMC deprived from serum during 3 days. This effect was dose dependent and was not observed with creatine kinase activity measured as control. NEP expression at the cell surface estimated by sorting of immunostained cells was also increased in the absence of serum. Northern blot analysis showed increases in the mRNA band of NEP with increasing periods of serum deprivation. The effect of serum deprivation was potentiated by dexamethasone (x1.23 at 100 nM) and by 8- bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) (x1.62 at 10 muM), whereas it was abolished by a combined treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, and A23187 calcium ionophore. These results demonstrate the role of NEP in the catabolism of ANF by VSMC and the inhibitory influence on the expression of this enzyme of unknown serum factors contrasting with the stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids and cGMP. Journal Article Dutta, S. K.;Acharjyo, L. N. 1993 Addition to the herpetofauna of Orissa, India Snake 25 149-150 Book Section Duvall, David;Schuett, Gordon W.;Arnold, Stevan J. 1993 Ecology and evolution of snake mating systems Seigel, Richard A. and Collins, Joseph T. Snakes: Ecology & Behavior New York McGraw-Hill, Inc. 165-200 Journal Article Easton, Emmett R.;Leung-Va 1993 An annotated list of the reptiles and amphibians of Macau, Southeast Asia Herpetological Review 24 4 158-160 Journal Article Eatock, R.A.;Saeki, M.;Hutzler, M.J. 1993 Electrical Resonance of Isolated Hair Cells Does Not Account for Acoustic Tuning in the Free-Standing Region of the Alligator Lizards Cochlea J Neurosci 13 4 1767-1783 Hair Cells; Tuning; Frequency Selectivity; Electrical Resonance; Cochlea; Voltage-Dependent Currents; Voltage Oscillations; ION-DEPENDENT CONDUCTANCES; BASILAR-MEMBRANE MOTION; PRIMARY AUDITORY FIBERS; FREESTANDING STEREOCILIA; FREQUENCY-SELECTIVITY; INNER-EAR; TONOTOPIC ORGANIZATION; HYDRODYNAMIC-FORCES; SIGNAL TRANSMISSION; POTASSIUM CURRENTS Journal Article Eckstein, Hans-Peter 1993 Zur ökologie der ringelnatter (Natrix natrix) in Destschland [Ecology of the ringed snake (Natrix natrix ) in Germany] Mertensiella 3 157-170 Natrix natrix; postglacial habitats; 16th century to present; food; protection Journal Article Eckstein, Hans-Peter 1993 Lebensraumveränderungen und schutz der ringelnatter (Natrix natrix Linnaeus 1758) im Bergischen Land, NRW [Changes in living-space and protection of the grass snake (Natrix natrix), Bergisches Land, NRW] Mertensiella 3 199-210 Natrix natrix; Ecology; Diurnal activity; Annual activity; Activity pattern; Home range Book Section Edgar, Brendan;Stephens, Sally 1993 Commonwealth legislation relevant to reptiles and amphibians Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 39-42 laws Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Ambystoma opacum (Marbled Salamander). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 63 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Rana clamitans melanota (Green Frog). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 65 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Eumeces faciatus (Five-lined Skink). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 66 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback Water Snake). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 68 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Nerodia sipedon sipedon (Northern Water Snake). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 68 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Regina grahamii (Graham's Crayfish Snake). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 68 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata (Northern Redbelly Snake). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 68 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Tantilla gracilis (Flathead Snake). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 68-69 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmond, Brian S. 1993 Virginia valeriae (Smooth Earth Snake). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 69 geographic distribution Journal Article Edmund, Brian S. 1993 Scincella lateralis (Ground Skink). USA: Missouri Herpetological Review 24 2 67 geographic distribution Journal Article Edrington, T.S.;Floresrodriguez, G.I.;Smith, G.S.;Hallford, D.M. 1993 Effect of Ingested Snakeweed (Gutierrezia microcephala) Foliage on Reproduction, Semen Quality, and Serum Clinical Profiles of Male Rats J Anim Sci 71 6 1520-1525 Gutierrezia-Microcephala; Snakeweed; Toxicity; Reproduction; Rats; TOXIC RANGE PLANTS; CHEMISTRY Journal Article Efimov, Mikhail B. 1993 The Eocene crocodiles of the GUS - A history of development Kaupia 3 23-25 Journal Article Egan, V.T.;Grant, W.S. 1993 Breeding the striped puff adder Bitis arietans: Inbreeding avoidance S. Afrik. Tydskr. Natuurnav. 23 3 78-82 Reptilia, serpentes, Bitis arietans, propagation, breeding, inbreeding avoid. Reprint Endnote 94/84 Journal Article Egan, V. T.;Grant, W. S. 1993 Breeding the striped puff adder Bitis arietans - Inbreeding avoidance S Afr J Wildl Res 23 3 78-81 Reptilia, serpentes, Bitis arietans, propagation, inbreeding, avoidance Inbreeding, the loss of genetic variability, is the most important genetic consideration in the propagation of small populations. The loss of vigour, reduced fecundity or decreased survival are often consequences of inbreeding and may lead to the extinction of a population or race. There is now a captive population of a rare, striped morph of the puff adder that originated from a single mating, and the avoidance of inbreeding is uppermost in devising a successful breeding strategy to propagate this commercially-valuable variant. We outline a breeding programme that produces true-breeding striped puff adders without increasing levels of inbreeding. Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas W. 1993 Frogs & Toads on review Reptiles 1 1 6-8 Book Section Ehmann, Harold 1993 A field observation on the Lake Cronin snake (Denisonia atriceps) and mineral exploration within its range Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 346-348 Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W. 1993 The captive husbandry and propagation of the Cuban rock iguana Cyclura nubila. Part 5. Raising hatchlings Iguana Times 2 3 22-23 Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W. 1993 The captive husbandry and propagation of the Cuban rock iguana Cyclura nubila Part 4. Breeding Iguana Times 2 1 10-14 Journal Article Eifler, Douglas A. 1993 Cnemidophorus uniparens (desert grassland whiptail). Behavior Herpetological Review 24 4 150 Journal Article Elinson, Richard P. 1993 Viable triploid hybrids between a large frog, Rana catesbeiana, and a small one, Rana septentrionalis Herpetological Review 24 2 46-47 Journal Article Elliott, S.A.;Kats, L.B.;Breeding, J.A. 1993 The Use of Conspecific Chemical Cues for Cannibal Avoidance in California Newts (Taricha torosa) Ethology 95 3 186-192 KIN RECOGNITION; NOTONECTA-HOFFMANNI; SALAMANDER LARVAE; PREDATION; DISCRIMINATION; AGGRESSION; RESPONSES; TADPOLES; URINE Journal Article Elliott, S. A.;Kats, L. B.;Breeding., J. A. 1993 The use of conspecific chemical cues for cannibal avoidance in California newts (Taricha torosa) Ethology 95 186-192 Book Section Ellis, Murray;Higgins, David 1993 The occurence of Gilbert's dragon Lophognathus gilberti in the Paroo Drainage Basin, Western New South Wales Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 35-36 Book Section Ellis, Murray;Wilson, Peter 1993 Unexpected Ctenotus records from west of the Darling River, New South Wales Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 37-38 ingrami brachyonyx Journal Article Ellner, L.R.;Karasov, W.H. 1993 Latitudinal Variation in the Thermal Biology of Ornate Box Turtles Copeia 2 447-455 STANDARD OPERATIVE TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; ANOLIS LIZARDS Journal Article Ellner, Lisa R.;Karasov, William H. 1993 Latitudinal variation in thermal biology of ornate box turtles Copeia 1993 2 447-455 terrapene ornata Journal Article Elmberg, J. 1993 Threats to Boreal Frogs Ambio 22 4 254-255 RANA-TEMPORARIA Journal Article Els, W.J.;Chou, K.Y. 1993 Sodium-Dependent Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Channel Densities in Frog Skin - A Role for the Cytoskeleton J Physiol-London 462 447-464 CORTICAL COLLECTING TUBULE; URINARY-BLADDER; NOISE-ANALYSIS; NA CHANNELS; AMILORIDE; CELL; PERMEABILITY; SINGLE; VASOPRESSIN; TRANSPORT Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B.;Berrigan, David 1993 Systematics of southeast Asian ranids: multiple orgins of voicelessness in the subgenus Limnonectes (Fitzinger) Herpetologica 49 1 22-31 sexual dimorphism evolution phylogeny Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B.;Berrigan, David 1993 Systematics of southeast asian ranids: multiple origins of voicelessness in the subgenus Limnonectes (Fitzinger) Herpetologica 49(1) 22-31 Amphibia, anura, ranidae, rana, Limnonectes, systematics, sexual dimorphism, vocalization, morphology, phylogeny, osteology, cranium, characters, Rana cyanophlyctis, Rana cancrivora,, Rana rugulosa, Rana occipitalis, Rana limnocharis, Rana lima, Rana plicatella, Rana pileata, Rana hascheana, Rana blythi, Rana ingeri, Rana ibanorum, Rana kuhli, Rana namiyei, Rana laticeps, Rana paramacrodon, Rana magna, Rana finchi, Rana leytensis, Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B.;Berrigan, David 1993 Systematics of southeast Asian ranids: Multiple origins of voicelessness in the subgenus Limnonectes (Fitzinger) Heretologica 49 22-31 systematics, sexual dimorphism Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B.;Rowsemitt, Carol N.;Hess, David L. 1993 Androgen levels in a Bornean voiceless frog, Rana blythi Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 196-203 male parental care, testosterone, androstenedione, 5a-dihydrotestosterone Journal Article Endo, Shu;Fukase, Tohru 1993 Xenopus laevis as an experimantal animal Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 82 Journal Article Engen, P. C.;Widmer, E. A. 1993 Asexually proliferous tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides sp in the hepatic portal system of the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) J Wildlife Dis 29 1 150-152 Reptilia, serpentes, prairie rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis viridis, infection, cestode, tetrathyridia, Mesocestoides sp. A female prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) was gastric intubated with 250 tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides sp. The snake was killed 12 wk postinfection; a portion of the liver was examined histologically for evidence of tetrathyridia. Five tetrathyridia were seen in two hepatic portal triad vessels. We propose that a blood-borne metastasis of tetrathyridia in reptiles and rodents may occur. Journal Article Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C.;Whiting, M. J.;Coronado-Limon, L. 1993 Attempted predation on chicks of the threatened green-cheeked Amazon parrot by an indigo snake Snake 25 141-144 Journal Article Enkerlin-Hoeflich, Ernesto C.;Whiting, Martin J.;Coronado-Limon, Liliana 1993 Attempted predation of chicks of the threatened green-cheeked Amazon parrot by an indigo snake The Snake 25 141-143 Drymarchon corais, Amazona viridigenalis, euryphagic D. autumnalis Journal Article Ennenbach, Volker;Surla, Stacy 1993 Epipidobates tricolor (Boulenger, 1899) American Dendrobatid Group Newsletter 1993 9 1-3 Journal Article Enriquez, S.;Duarte, C.M.;Sandjensen, K. 1993 Patterns in Decomposition Rates Among Photosynthetic Organisms - The Importance of Detritus C-N-P Content Oecologia 94 4 457-471 Decomposition; Plant Kingdom; Nutrients; ZOSTERA-MARINA L; LEAF LITTER; NUTRIENT RELEASE; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; WEIGHT-LOSS; MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION; SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; AQUATIC ANGIOSPERMS Journal Article Erk'akan, F. 1993 Nesting biology of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta L. on Dalyan beach, Mugla - Turkey Biological Conservation 66 1-4 loggerhead; Turkey Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1993 Book Review: Michigan frogs, toads, and salamanders: a field guide and pocket reference Herpetological Review 24 3 114 Journal Article Espenshade, William 1993 Herps and bio-security Desert Monitor 23 3 17-18 disease captive care pathogens Journal Article Esquivel, C.;Sarti, L.;Fuentes, I. 1993 Primera observacion directa documentada sobre la depredacion de la tortuga marina Lepidochelys olivacea por Orcinus orca Cuadernos Mexicanos de Zoologia 1 96-98 ridley; predation Journal Article Estradapena, A.;Guglielmone, A.A.;Mangold, A.J.;Castella, J. 1993 A description of amblyomma tigrinum koch, a. neumanni ribaga, and a. testudinis (Conil) immatures (Acarina, ixodidae) Folia Parasitol 40 2 147-153 Ticks; Immatures; Morphology Journal Article Etchberger, C.R.;Ewert, M.A.;Phillips, J.B.;Nelson, C.E.;Prange, H.D. 1993 Environmental and Maternal Influences on Embryonic Pigmentation in a Turtle (Trachemys Scripta Elegans) J Zool 230 Part 4 529-539 EARED SLIDER TURTLES; SEX DETERMINATION Book Section Etheridge, Kay;Wit, Lawrence C. 1993 Factors affecting activity in Cnemidophorus Wright, John W. and Vitt, Laurie J. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 151-162 Journal Article Etheridge, K. 1993 Thyroxine-induced changes in metabolic rate and cytochrome oxidase activity in Thamnophis sirtalis: effects of nutritional status Gen Comp Endocrinol 91 1 66-73 Animal; Basal Metabolism/drug effects; Colubridae/*metabolism; Cytochrome-c Oxidase/*metabolism; Nutritional Status; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Thyroxine/blood/*pharmacology; Triiodothyronine/blood; Weight Gain The effects of nutritional status on thyroxine-induced changes in standard metabolic rate (SMR), and the activity of hepatic cytochrome oxidase were examined in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Twelve snakes were fed ad libitum, and 12 more were fed a maintenance diet, which was half as many fish per gram of body weight as that eaten by ad libitum snakes. Snakes in the first group gained weight during the 3- week treatment, while individual snakes in the second group either maintained their original weight or showed a slight loss (less than 10%). Within each diet treatment, half of the snakes received a 5-mg thyroxine (T4) pellet implant, and half received placebo implants. Plasma [T4] was unchanged by treatment. Plasma [T3] was elevated in T4- supplemented snakes fed ad libitum, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). Standard metabolic rate and cytochrome oxidase activity at 25 degrees were increased significantly (34 and 24%, respectively) only in the T4-supplemented snakes on the ad libitum diet. Thus, T. sirtalis must be in a positive energy balance for thyroid hormones to have an effect on SMR or hepatic cytochrome oxidase activity. Book Section Ethridge, K.;Wit, L. W. 1993 Factors affecting activity in Cnemidophorus Wright, J. W. and Vitt, L. J. Biology of whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 151-162 whiptails, activity, behavior Book Section Evans, S.E.;Hecht, M.K. 1993 A history of an extinct reptilian clade, the choristodera - longevity, Lazarus-Taxa and the fossil record Hecht, M.K.;Macintyre, R.J. and Clegg, M.T. Evolutionary Biology, Vol 27 233 Spring St, New York, NY 10013 Plenum Press Div Plenum Publishing Corp 27 323-338 Journal Article Evans, W.A. 1993 1st report of lepidodermella squamata (Gastrotricha, chaetonotida) from lake erie Ohio J Sci 93 4 111-112 Journal Article Evermann, J. F.;Laurenson, M. K.;Mckeirnan, A. J.;Caro, T. M. 1993 Infectious Disease Surveillance in Captive and Free-Living Cheetahs - An Integral Part of the Species Survival Plan Zoo Biol 12 1 125-133 During the formulative stages of developing the Species Survival Plan (SSP) for the cheetah, the impact of infectious disease upon its survival in captivity was of prime consideration, together with genetics, nutrition, physiology, and behavior. This paper summarizes the results of an infectious disease surveillance program, initially designed to monitor the infectious agents associated with clinically normal and clinically ill cheetahs in captivity, but subsequently supplemented with data from free-living cheetahs. The focus was on two viral infections, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and feline rhinotracheitis virus. Results indicated that between 1989 and 1991, there was an increase in the seroprevalence (number antibody-positive animals) of cheetahs to feline coronavirus from 41% to 64% in captivity. During this same time period, there were only two documented cases of FIP in cheetahs in the United States. The results suggest that feline coronavirus (feline enteric coronavirus-feline infectious peritonitis group) or a closely related coronavirus of cheetahs is becoming endemic in the captive cheetah population. Further-serologic results from 39 free-living cheetahs demonstrated that there was a high seroprevalence (61%) to feline coronavirus, although serum antibody titers were considerably lower than those encountered in captive cheetahs. The observation of a high percentage of free-living cheetahs, which were seropositive to feline herpesvirus (44%), was unexpected, since it has been generally regarded that this infection is primarily associated with cheetahs in captivity. Journal Article Eynan, M.;Dmiel, R. 1993 Skin Resistance to Water Loss in Agamid Lizards Oecologia 95 2 290-294 Lizards; Water Loss; Skin Resistance; Habitat Aridity; EPIDERMAL PERMEABILITY; HUMIDITY ACCLIMATION; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; BIRD EGGS; BARRIER; TEMPERATURE; SNAKES; SIZE Journal Article Fabrezi, Marissa 1993 The anuran tarsus Alytes 11 2 47-63 Journal Article Fabrezi, M.;Lavilla., E. O. 1993 Anatomia del condrocraneo en larvas de tres especies de Telmatobius del grupo meridional (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Physis 48B 39-46 Journal Article Facchinetti, F.;Genazzani, A.R.;Vallarino, M.;Pestarino, M.;Polzonettimagni, A.;Carnevali, O.;Ciarcia, G.;Fasano, S.;Dantonio, M.;Pierantoni, R. 1993 Opioids and Testicular Activity in the Frog, Rana-Esculenta J Endocrinol 137 1 49 MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE; ETHANE DIMETHANE SULFONATE; BETA-ENDORPHIN SECRETION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; RAT TESTIS; PEPTIDES Journal Article Fagioli, Giovanni;Fagioli, Paula 1993 Interesting breeding notes from Eryx colubrinus loveridgei (Kenyan sand boa) Idaho Herp News 6 1 11-12 Journal Article Fahr, J. 1993 A contribution to the biology of the amphibians of the island of Sao Tome (Gulf of Guinea) (Amphibia) Faunistische Abhandlungen 19 1-16 75-84 Schistometopum Thomense; Phrynobatrachus Dispar; Ptychadena Newtoni; Nesionixalus Molleri; Nesionixalus Thomensis; Ecology; Colonization; Speciation; Zoogeography; North Atlantic Ocean Ecological aspects for five amphibian species occurring on Sao Tome are described. The results were obtained, on one hand, from field studies, on the other hand, from captivity observations. Data for all Gymnophiona species found by the author on Sao Tome are sampled under the taxon Schistometopum "thomense". The number of species on Sao Tome is compared with that of the West African mainland. Possibilities for the colonization and speciation of the genus Nesionixalus endemic for Sao Tome and Principe are discussed. Journal Article Faler, Karl;Faler, Kate 1993 Iguana bloodworms Desert Monitor 26 6 6 Journal Article Faria, Manuel Mouta 1993 Sexual behaviour of Bosca's newt, Triturus boscai Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 169-186 Journal Article Farkas, Balázs L. 1993 Testudo kleinmanni (Egyptian tortoise). Maximum size Herpetological Review 24 3 104 Journal Article Farkas, Elliot 1993 Toxicity in reptiles by use of No-Pest Strips to control mites Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 12 10 Journal Article Fasano, S.;Goos, H.J.T.;Janssen, C.;Pierantoni, R. 1993 2 Gnrhs Fluctuate in Correlation with Androgen Levels in the Male Frog Rana esculenta J Exp Zool 266 4 277-283 GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; LHRH-II; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SEXUAL CYCLE; PITUITARY; HYPOTHALAMUS; BINDING; TESTOSTERONE; CASTRATION; PROFILES Journal Article Favre, D. 1993 Debate within the CITES commmunity: what direction for the future? Natural Resources Journal 33 875-918 conservation Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1993 The tiger snake Notechis scutatus (Serpentes: Elapidae) in Tasmania Herpetofauna 23 2 17-29 taxonomy morphology distribution habitat home range size growth maturation reproduction prey constriction Journal Article Feldner, Jerald J. 1993 A case of simple destruction Intermontanus 2 4 4 Journal Article Fellers, G.M.;Drost, C.A. 1993 Disappearance of the Cascades Frog Rana cascadae at the Southern End of Its Range, California, USA Biol Conserv 65 2 177-181 California; Ranidae; Amphibian; Population Decline; Park Management; DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION Journal Article Fellers, Gary M.;Drost, Charles A. 1993 Disappearance of the cascades frog Rana cascadae at the Southern end of its range, California, USA Biological Conservation 65 177 - 181 Rana cascadae, Ranidae, amphibian. population, decline, park management, California Journal Article Fellers, G. M.;Drost., C. A. 1993 Disappearance of the Cascades frog Rana cascadae at the southern end of its range, California, USA. Biological Conservation 65 177-181 Journal Article Ferguson, G. W.;Talent, L. G. 1993 Life-history traits of the lizard Sceloporus undulatus from two populations raised in a common laboratory environment Oecologia 93 88-94 reptiles, lizards, life history, phenotypic plasticity, common-garden, variation Journal Article Feriche, Mónica;Pleguezuelos, Juan M.;Cerro, Angeles 1993 Sexual dimorphism and sexing of mediterranean colubrids based on external characteristics Journal of Herpetology 27 4 357-362 coluber elaphe natrix coronella macroprotodon malpolon Journal Article Fernandez, E.;Kolb, H. 1993 A Method for Selective Intracellular Labeling of Immunostained Neurons in Turtle Retina J Histochem Cytochem 41 4 635-641 Retina; Immunocytochemistry; Substance-P; Lucifer Yellow; Neurobiotin; GANGLION-CELLS; AMACRINE CELLS; LUCIFER YELLOW; RABBIT RETINA; FLUORESCENT MARKERS; MORPHOLOGY; IDENTIFICATION; BIOCYTIN; BIPOLAR; GROWTH Journal Article Fernandez, P. J.;Bagnara, J. T. 1993 Observations on the development of unusual melanization of leopard frog ventral skin J Morphol 216 1 9-15 Amphibia, anura, physiologgy, pathology, skin, pigmentation The ontogeny of ventral pigmentation of two species of leopard frog, Rana pipiens and R. chiricahuensis, was examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to reveal how the unusual melanistic ventral pigmentation of R. chiricahuensis is achieved at the cellular level. Ventral skin of R. pipiens is always white. Ventral skin of adult R. chiricahuensis is white when frogs are background-adapted to a white substrate, but ventral skin becomes nearly as dark colored as the dorsal skin when frogs darken in response to a black background. Skin samples from tadpoles of both species, newly metamorphosed frogs, and adult frogs were analyzed for chromatophore composition and distribution. Ventral skin of R. pipiens larvae, newly metamorphosed frogs, and adults and of R. chiricahuensis larvae was white due to abundant iridophores and no melanophores. Melanophore density in the ventral integument of R. chiricahuensis was 9.1 +/- 2.8/mm2 in newly metamorphosed frogs and 87.0 +/- 4.8/MM2 in adult frogs. Pigment within ventral melanophores migrated during physiological color change during background adaptation. Journal Article Fernando, H.;Casal, C.;Manes, M.E. 1993 Ectoderm Promotes Differentiation of the Presumptive Ventral Mesoderm in Early Gastrulae of Bufo arenarum J Exp Zool 266 1 40-46 XENOPUS-LAEVIS; ACTIN GENES; AMPHIBIAN EMBRYOS; PROSPECTIVE AREAS; CELL LINEAGE; INDUCTION; ACTIVATION; MECHANISMS; MOVEMENTS; NEURULA Book Section Ferraro, Timothy John;Burgin, Shelley 1993 Amphibian decline: a case study in western Sydney Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 197-204 litoria peronii crinia signifera dentata limnodynastes caerulea uperoleia laevigata fallax dumerilli ornata Book Section Ferraro, Timothy john;Burgin, Shelley 1993 Review of environmental factors influencing the decline of Australian frogs Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 205-218 amphibian decline Book Ferri, Vincenzo 1993 I Serpenti d'Italia e d'Europa Milano De Vecchi Editore 160 p. Journal Article Feuer, Robert 1993 Book Review: A-Z of snake keeping Philadelphia Herpetological Society Newsletter Fall 3-4 Journal Article Feuer, Robert 1993 Book Review: The snakes of Texas Philadelphia Herpetological Society Newsletter Fall 5-7 Journal Article Feuilloley, M.;Yon, L.;Kawamura, K.;Kikuyama, S.;Gutkowska, J.;Vaudry, H. 1993 Immunocytochemical Localization of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)-Like Peptides in the Brain and Heart of the Treefrog Hyla-Japonica - Effect of Weightlessness on the Distribution of Immunoreactive Neurons and Cardiocytes J Comp Neurol 330 1 32-47 Neuropeptides; Central Nervous System; Space Flight; Immunofluorescence; Amphibians; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; FROG RANA-PIPIENS; RAT-BRAIN; FACTOR ANF; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; PITUITARY COMPLEX; POLYPEPTIDE; IDENTIFICATION Journal Article Figueroa-Ocaña, B.;Cabrera-A., A.;Diaz-G., J.A. 1993 Estudio de crecimiento intesivo en el primer año de vida de Crocodylus moreletii bajo condiciones de cautiverio en Tabasco, Mexico Universidad y Ciencia (Univ. Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco) 10 19 57-64 CM, captive breeding, farming, growth, Journal Article Fijisawa, K.;Ye, J.J.;Zadunaisky, J.A. 1993 A Na+/Ca2+ Exchange Mechanism in Apical Membrane Vesicles of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Curr Eye Res 12 3 261-270 SODIUM-CALCIUM EXCHANGE; ROD OUTER SEGMENTS; NA+-K+-ATPASE; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ION-TRANSPORT; FROG; LOCALIZATION; CELLS; INDICATORS; CA-2+ Journal Article Finn, A. L.;Dillard, M.;Gaido, M. 1993 Independently gated multiple substates of an epithelial chloride- channel protein Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 12 5691-4 Animal; Antibodies/pharmacology; Cell Membrane/physiology; Epithelium/physiology; Gallbladder/*physiology; *Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels/*physiology; Lipid Bilayers; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Proteins/isolation & purification/*physiology; Necturus maculosus; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. We have purified a protein from Necturus maculosus gallbladder cells that forms chloride channels in an artificial membrane. The same protein apparently can form channels that are highly selective for chloride but can have conductances varying from 9 to about 150 pS. The high-conductance channels are blocked by the monoclonal antibody used to purify the protein, but this antibody has no effect on the 9-pS channels. The observation that gating of the low- and high-conductance states is independent and that the antibody affects only the latter has implications regarding the control of chloride conductance in cell membranes and the different types of channels described in those cells. Journal Article Firestein, S.;Picco, C.;Menini, A. 1993 The relation between stimulus and response in olfactory receptor cells of the tiger salamander J Physiol (Lond) 468 1-10 Acetophenones/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Action Potentials/drug effects; Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; In Vitro; Menthol/analogs & derivatives/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/drug effects/*physiology; Pentanols/administration & dosage/pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. Olfactory receptor cells were isolated from the adult tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum and the current in response to odorant stimuli was measured with the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique while odorants at known concentrations were rapidly applied for controlled exposure times. 2. Three odorants, cineole, isoamyl acetate and acetophenone, were first applied at 5 x 10(-4) M. Out of forty-nine cells tested, 53% responded to one odorant only, 22% to two odorants and 25% to all three odorants. 3. The amplitude of the current in response to a given odorant concentration was found to be dependent on the duration of the odorant stimulus and reached a saturating peak value at 1.2 s of stimulus duration. 4. The current measured at the peak of the response for odorant steps of 1.2 s as a function of odorant concentration was well described by the Hill equation for the three odorants with Hill coefficients higher than 1 and K1/2 (odorant concentration needed to activate half the maximal current) ranging from 3 x 10(-6) to 9 x 10(-5) M. 5. It is concluded that olfactory receptor cells are broadly tuned and have a low apparent affinity for odorants, integrate stimulus information over time, and have a narrow dynamic range. Book Section Fischer, M.S.;Tassy, P. 1993 The Interrelation Between Proboscidea, Sirenia, Hyracoidea, and Mesaxonia - The Morphological Evidence Szalay, F.S.;Novacek, M.J. and Mckenna, M.C. Mammal Phylogeny : Placentals 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010 Springer-Verlag 217-234 Journal Article Fischer, Jan A. 1993 "TT" - der Transistor Triturus Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schloß Bertholdsburg Schleusingen 7/8 153 Journal Article Fischer, Jan A. 1993 Kritische Anmerkungen zum Vorkommen und zur Lebensweise der knoblauchkröte (Pelobates fuscus fuscus) und der Wechselkröte (Bufo viridis viridis) im Werratal bei Bad Salzungen und Meiningen (Südthüringen) Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schloß Bertholdsburg Schleusingen 7/8 103-112 Journal Article Fishbein, W.N.;Davis, J.I.;Foellmer, J.W. 1993 Comparative Enzymology of AMP Deaminase, Adenylate Kinase, and Creatine Kinase in Vertebrate Heart and Skeletal Muscle - The Characteristic AMP Deaminase Levels of Skeletal Versus Cardiac Muscle Are Reversed in the North American Toad J Comp Physiol B 163 3 175-181 Adenylate Deaminase; Creatine Kinase and Adenylate Kinases; Heart; Skeletal Muscle; Toad, Bufo-Americanus; REGULATORY PROPERTIES; BIOPSY SPECIMENS; RANA-SYLVATICA; BLOOD-CELLS; DEFICIENCY; RAT; EXPRESSION; AMPHIBIANS; ISOZYMES; TISSUES Journal Article Fisher, Martin 1993 The eastern fox snake (Elaphe vulpina) Notes From NOAH 20 5 9 Journal Article Fisher, Martin 1993 Herpetology and education Notes From NOAH 20 12 13-15 Journal Article Fitch, Henry S.;Pisani, George R. 1993 Life histroy traits of western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) studies from roundup samples in Oklahoma Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 156 1-24 Crotalus atrox; Rattlesnake roundups; Basal rattle segments; Oklahoma Journal Article Fitch, Henry S.;Pisani, George R. 1993 Life history traits of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) studied from roundup samples in Oklahoma Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 156 1-24 Journal Article Fitch, H. S.;Pisani, G. R. 1993 Life history traits of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) studied from roundup samples in Oklahoma Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, the University of Kansas 156 1-24 reptiles, snakes, morphology, basal rattle segments Journal Article Fitch, Henry S. 1993 Relative abundance of snakes in Kansas Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 96 3-4 213-224 Journal Article Fitch-Snyder, Helena;Lance, Valentine A. 1993 Behavioral observations of lithophagy in captive juvenile alligators Journal of Herpetology 27 3 335-337 alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Fitchsnyder, H.;Lance, V. A. 1993 Behavioral observations of lithophagy in captive juvenile alligators J Herpetol 27 3 335-337 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, alligator, food, feeding, litophagy, stones Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee A.;Cruz, Felix B.;Perotti, Gabriela 1993 The reproductive cycle and the size at maturity of Tupinambis rufescens (Sauria: Teiidae) in the dry Chaco of Argentina Journal of Herpetology 27 1 70-78 conservation season exploitation fecundidty Journal Article Fitzsimmons, Colin 1993 Conservation corner Reptilian 1 7 35;39 Journal Article Flam, F. (ed.) 1993 Diet for a small pika Science 261 989 mammal, western United States, storage, rodent, Acomastylis rossii, preservative Journal Article Flanigan, J. E.;Withers, P. C.;Fuery, C. J.;Guppy, M. 1993 Metabolic depression and Na+/K+ gradients in the aestivating Australian goldfields frog, Neobatrachus wilsmorei J Comp Physiol B 163 7 587-593 Amphibia, anurae, Australian goldfields frog, Neobatrachus wilsmorei, physiology, metabolism, Na+/K+ gradients, aestivating During aestivation the metabolic rate of the Australian goldfields frog Neobatrachus wilsmorei was reduced by 80% from its standard metabolic rate. The in vitro rate of oxygen consumption of isolated muscle and skin from aestivating frogs was up to 50% lower than that of the non-aestivating frogs. This in vitro rate of oxygen consumption was maintained for 6-12 h, indicating an intrinsic metabolic depression of tissues during aestivation. Frogs became dehydrated during aestivation. Muscle, skin and liver also became dehydrated during aestivation, but brain and kidney did not. Na+ and K+ contents and extracellular space measurement for muscle indicated that ion gradients were maintained across the muscle cell membrane during aestivation. Increases in plasma concentrations of Na+ and K+ were matched with similar increases in muscle intracellular ion concentrations. Extracellular space measurements were unsuccessful in the other tissues, but K+ content in all tissues (per dry weight) was maintained during aestivation, and the concentration of plasma K+ did not increase above that which can be accounted for by dehydration, indicating that K+ gradients were maintained. Journal Article Fleay, David 1993 Sinister, but beautiful - Notes on Australian pythons Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 5 2 74-76 Thesis Fleetwood, J.N. 1993 The morphology and histochemistry of the lungs and airways of hatchling loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, from natural and artificial nests Journal Article Fleishman, L.J.;Loew, E.R.;Leal, M. 1993 Ultraviolet Vision in Lizards Nature 365 6445 397 Journal Article Fleming, A. F. 1993 The female reproductive cycle of the lizard Pseudocordylus m. melanotus (Sauria: Cordylidae) Journal of Herpetology 27 1 103-107 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, hormones, season, variation, Journal Article Fleming, A. F. 1993 Seasonal variation in testicular and fat-body weight and plasma testosterone and androstenedione concentration in the lizard Cordylus polyzonus (Sauria: Cordylidae) S. Afr. J. Zool. 28 3 127-131 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, hormones, lipids, Journal Article Fleming, A. F. 1993 The male reproductive cycle of the lizard Pseudocordylus m. melanotus (Sauria: Cordylidae) Journal of Herpetology 27 4 473-478 reptiles, life history, rainfall, photoperiod, temperature, lipids, fat, Journal Article Flemming, A. F. 1993 The female reproductive cycle of the lizard Pseuocordylus m. melanotus (Sauria: Cordylidae) Journal of Herpetology 27 1 103-107 season Journal Article Flemming, A. F. 1993 The male reproductive cycle of the lizard Pseudocordylus m. melanotus (Sauria: Cordylidae) Journal of Herpetology 27 4 473-478 Journal Article Flemming, A. F. 1993 The male reproductive cycle of the lizard Pseudocordylus m. melanotus (Sauria, Cordylidae) J Herpetol 27 4 473-478 Reptilia, sauria, cordylidae, Pseudocordylus m. melanotus, Physiology, propagation, reproduction, cycle Journal Article Flemming, A. F. 1993 Seasonal variation in testicular and fat-body weight and plasma testosterone and androstenedione concentration in the lizard Cordylus polyzonus (Sauria, Cordylidae) S Afr J Zool 28 3 127-131 Reptilia, sauria, Cordylus polyzonus, physiology, reproduction, testosterone Seasonal variation in testicular and fat-body weight and plasma testosterone and androstenedione concentration of the lizard Cordylus polyzonus is described. Testicular recrudescence commenced in autumn (April), reaching a peak in early spring (September) and regression followed during mid-spring to early autumn (October-March). The onset of testicular recrudescence coincided with decreasing ambient temperature and photoperiod and increasing rainfall. Fat-body weight was small during most of the testicular recrudescence phase, with an increase commencing in spring (September). A peak in fat- body weight was reached during late spring - midsummer (October-December) and followed by a progressive decline to baseline values in winter. Plasma testosterone and androstenedione concentrations followed a bimodal annual pattern, a first peak occurring in late summer/early autumn (February/March) and the second in spring (September/October). The first peak coincided with the onset of testicular recrudescence and the second with maximum testicular weight. Journal Article Flemming, A. F. 1993 The female reproductive cycle of the lizard Pseudocordylus m. melanotus (Sauria, Cordylidae) J Herpetol 27 1 103-107 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Pseudocordylus m. melanotus , physiology, reproductive cycle, female Journal Article Flores, Glenn 1993 A new species of earless Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Pacific slopes of the Ecudorian Andes, with comments on the Eleutherodactylus surdus assembly Herpetologica 49 4 399-420 427-434 Book Flores-Villela, Oscar 1993 Herpetofauna Mexicana Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie Museum of Natural History No. 17 73 Mexico, Species checklist Journal Article Flores-Villela, Oscar 1993 Reseña: Synopsis of the Herpetofauna of Mexico, Vol. VII Bibliographic Addendum IV and Index, Bibliographic Addenda II-IV 1979-1991 Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 5 2 65-67 Book review Journal Article Fogel, Dave 1993 The Inland Bearded Dragon Vivarium 4 5 15-17 pogona vitticeps amphibolurus Journal Article Fogel, Dave 1993 Heating herps in the 1990's Vivarium 4 6 8-11 cages Journal Article Fogel, Dave 1993 Sand boas (genus Eryx) in the wild and in captivity Vivarium 5 1 28-29 conicus colubrinus johnii Journal Article Fogel, Dave 1993 Rainbow boas (Epicrates cenchria) Vivarium 5 2 28-29 breeding Journal Article Fontenot, L.W.;Platt, S.G.;Dwyer, C.M. 1993 Observations on Crayfish Predation by Water Snakes, Nerodia (Reptilia, Colubridae) Brimleyana 19 95-99 Journal Article Forbes, G.A.;Limpus, C.J. 1993 A Non-Lethal Method for Retrieving Stomach Contents from Sea Turtles Wildlife Res 20 3 339-343 Journal Article Forbes, T. M.;Parmerlee, J. S., Jr;Powell, R. 1993 Anolis cybotes Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 564 1-5 Journal Article Forbes, G.A.;Limpus, C.J. 1993 A non-lethal method for retrieving stomach contents from sea turtles Aus. Widl. Res. 20 339-343 diet Journal Article Ford, Linda S.;Cannatella, David C. 1993 The major clades of frogs Herpetological Monographs 7 94-117 anura phlogeny phylogenetic systematics taxonomy Book Section Ford, Neil B.;Burghardt, Gordon M. 1993 Perceptual mechanisms and the behavioral ecology of snakes Seigel, Richard A. and Collins, Joseph T. Snakes: Ecology & Behavior New York McGraw-Hill, Inc. 117-164 Journal Article Ford, Linda S. 1993 The phylogenetic position of the dart-poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) among anurans: an examination of the competing hypotheses and their characters Ethology Ecology & Evolution 5 219-231 Amphibia; Anura; Dendrobatidae; Dart-Poison Frogs; Sister Group; Systematics; Phylogeny Journal Article Ford, N. B.;Burghardt, G. M. 1993 Perceptual mechanisms and the behavioral ecology of snakes Snakes Reptilia, serpentes, physiology, perception, ecology, behavior Journal Article Ford, L. S. 1993 The plylogenetic position of the dart-poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) among anurans: An examination of the competing hypotheses and their characters Ethology Ecology and Evolution 5 219-231 Amphibia, sister group, systematics, phylogeny Journal Article Forester, Don C.;Cover, Jack;Wisnieski, Anthony 1993 The influence of time of residency on the tenacity of territorial defense by the dart-poison frog Dendrobates pumilio Herpetologica 49 1 94-99 Journal Article Forman, Peter;Eckstein, Hans-Peter 1993 Untersuchung zur habitatnutzung eines inselartigen vorkommens der ringelnatter (Natrix natrix) im nördlichen Münsterland (Westfalen) mit angaben zur lebensraum-pflege un -entwicklung [Examinations of habitat-use of an isolated population of grass snake (Natrix natrix) north of Münster (Westfalia) including a statement to living-space maintenance and development] Mertensiella 3 181-188 Natrix natrix; Habitat structure; Habitst size; Population size; habitat management; Activity pattern; Ecological characteristics Journal Article Formanowicz, Daniel R., Jr;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr 1993 Size-mediated predation pressure in a salamander community Herpetologica 49 2 265-270 Journal Article Forsman, A. 1993 Survival in Relation to Body Size and Growth Rate in the Adder, Vipera berus J Anim Ecol 62 4 647-655 Fluctuating Selection; Life History; Size-Dependent Survival; Snake; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURAL-POPULATION; GARTER SNAKES; COLOR MORPHS; SELECTION; PERFORMANCE; DIMORPHISM; MORTALITY; REPTILES Journal Article Forsman, A.;Lindell, L.E. 1993 The Advantage of a Big Head - Swallowing Performance in Adders, Vipera berus Funct Ecol 7 2 183-189 Gape Limitation; Predator Prey Size Relationship; Relative Head Size; Snake; Swallowing Capacity Journal Article Foster, Ralph 1993 A significant range extension of Egerina margaretae personata? Herpetofauna 23 2 35-36 Journal Article Foty, Ramsey A.;Liversage, Richard Albert 1993 Detection of insulin receptors in newt liver and forelimb regenerates and the effects of local insulin deprivation on epimorphic regeneration Journal of Experimental Zoology 266 299-311 Journal Article FOWLER, M.E. 1993 Zoo & Wild Animal Medicine W.B. Saunders Cie, Philadelphia Mammalia, Aves, reptilia, sauria, survey, HANDBOOK Journal Article Frangioni, G.;Borgioli, G. 1993 The Role of the Liver in the Cutaneous Respiratory Compensation of the Frog (Rana esculenta) J Zool 230 Part 3 483-493 GAS-EXCHANGE; TEMPERATURE; AMPHIBIANS; BLOOD; NEWT; HEMATOCRIT; SPLEEN Journal Article Frangioni, G.;Borgioli, G. 1993 Splenic respiratory compensation and blood volume in the newt J Zool Amphibia, urodela, newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex, physiology, blood volume, liver In the newt Triturus cristatus carnifex, reversible increase in size of the spleen is linked to the respiratory state of the animal: when the newt is exposed to the air, and thus well oxygenated, the spleen hoards erythrocytes; when immersed in still water, in an hypoxic state, the spleen releases erythrocytes into the bloodstream. In chlorobutanol-anaesthetized specimens exposed to the air, the maximum size reached by the spleen diminishes with a rise in temperature up to the disappearance of all congestion at 33-degrees-C. The blood volume of newts kept in humid air at 6-degrees-C and 18-degrees-C after anaesthesia varies from about 6-9 ml per 100 g of body weight, while the red blood cell count and haematocrit value remain stable. In anaesthetized specimens kept in still water at the same temperatures the blood volume is stable, at about 7 ml per 100 g, but the red cell count and haematocrit are notably higher. At 33-degrees-C, a critical temperature for the newts, the specimens in still water succumb while those in air present the same blood volume as at 18-degrees-C, but have a higher erythrocyte count and haematocrit value. Edited Book Frank, Norman 1993 1993-1994 Directory: A Guide to North American Herpetology Pottsville, PA Reptile & Amphibian magazine 120 Book Frank, Norman 1993 1993-1994 Directory: A Guide to North American Herpetology Pottsville, PA Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 120 Journal Article Franklin, Leonard 1993 Water snakes Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 7 8-9 nerodia Journal Article Franklin, C. E.;Grigg, G. C. 1993 Increased vascularity of the lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, kept in hyperosmotic salinity J Morphol 218 2 143-151 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, physiology, salt, lingual salt gland, vascularity, hyperosmosis Methyl methacrylate corrosion casts were made of the blood-vascular system of the lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, and examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The 28-40 individual salt glands, each opening separately via a single pore onto the dorsal surface of the tongue, are supplied by a pair of lingual arteries. Each gland is richly vascularized and is composed of 14-20 lobular sub- units, each having a dense network of capillaries. The blood flow in each gland is from the centre to its periphery, opposite to the direction of the flow of secretions in the ducts of the gland. The main collecting duct leading from the gland to the external pore was well vascularized. The blood supply to the glands of juvenile crocodiles raised in 20 parts per thousand salt water was more dense than in freshwater and, from cast masses, had a three-fold greater vascular volume. This study provides the first evidence which shows that the salt glands of crocodiles are morphologically labile and can adapt to the environmental salinity. Journal Article Franklin, C.E.;Grigg, G.C. 1993 Increased vascularity of the lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus kept in hyperosmotic salinity J. Morphol. 218 143-151 CPR, osmoregulation, physiology, Journal Article Frantz, Steven L. 1993 In search of tokage modoki, the Japanese leopard gecko (Goniurosaurus [Eublepharis] kuroiwae) Vivarium 4 5 21-24 macularius orientalis eumeces marginatus takydromus smaragdinus lygosoma ateuchosaura pellopleurum lateral barbouri japalura polygonata microhyla ornata rana sylvatica okinavana gehyra mutilata gekko japonicus trimeresurus okinavensis elegans flavoviridis ramphotyphlops braminus elaphe climacophora Journal Article Frantz, Steve 1993 More on mites Notes From NOAH 21 1 15-18 treatment Journal Article Frantz, Steve 1993 Basic cricket care Notes From NOAH 21 3 7-8 Journal Article Frantz, M. M.;Bodurtha, J. N. 1993 Pediatric care after snakebite: comfort from shared experience [letter] Clin Pediatr Phila 32 11 699 Journal Article Franz, Richard;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr;Buden, Donald W. 1993 Distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from the Exuma Islands, Bahamas, including the first reports of a freshwater turtle and an introduced gecko Caribbean Journal of Science 29 3-4 165-173 Journal Article Frazer, N.B.;Greene, J.L.;Gibbons, J.W. 1993 Temporal Variation in Growth Rate and Age at Maturity of Male Painted Turtles, Chrysemys Picta Amer Midland Naturalist 130 2 314-324 LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; ORDER TESTUDINES; NESTING ECOLOGY; MUD TURTLE; EVOLUTIONARY; SIZE; DEMOGRAPHY; REPRODUCTION; SURVIVORSHIP Journal Article Frazer, Nat B.;Greene, Judith L.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1993 Temporal variation in growth rate and age at maturity of male painted turtles, Chrysemys picta The American Midland Naturalist 130 314-324 Journal Article Freda, J.;Mcdonald, D.G. 1993 Toxicity of amphibian breeding ponds in the sudbury region Can J Fisheries Aquat Sci 50 7 1497-1503 BUFO-AMERICANUS; WATER CHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN-ION; RANA-PIPIENS; ALUMINUM; SURVIVAL; TADPOLES; ONTARIO; ACIDITY; EMBRYOS Journal Article Freda, J.;McDonald., D. G. 1993 Toxicity of amphibian breeding ponds in the Sudbury region Canadian J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50 1497-1503 Journal Article Freed, Paul 1993 In memoriam: Clarence John McCoy, Jr., 25 July 1935 - & July 1993 Notes From NOAH 20 10 2-3 Journal Article Freeman, Alistair 1993 Size differences between popultions of Hoplodactylus maculatus in Canterbury, New Zealand Herpetofauna 23 1 9-15 Journal Article Frerichs, G.N.;Millar, S.D.;Chinabut, S. 1993 Clinical Response of Snakeheads (Ophicephalus-striatus) to Experimental Infection with Snakehead Fish Rhabdovirus and Snakehead Cell Line Retrovirus Aquaculture 116 4 297-301 Journal Article Friberg, Alicia 1993 Night ghosts Desert Monitor 23 2 4-5 gecko hemidactylus turcicus Journal Article Friberg, Alicia 1993 Living with Ambystoma tigrinum Desert Monitor 23 1 6-7 Journal Article Friboulet, A.;Thomas, D. 1993 Reaction-Diffusion Coupling in a Structured System - Application to the Quantitative Simulation of Endplate Currents J Theor Biol 160 4 441-455 ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTIONS; BINDING; FROG Report Fridell, Richard A.;Coffeen, Michael P. 1993 Desert tortoise population on the Woodbury-Hardy monitoring plot, Beaver Dam Slope, 1986 Journal Article Friend, Carol 1993 Book Review: A Complete guide to the Snakes of Southern Africa Reptilian 1 8 10 Journal Article Frindt, G.;Silver, R.B.;Windhager, E.E.;Palmer, L.G. 1993 Feedback Regulation of Na Channels in Rat CCT .2. Effects of Inhibition of Na Entry Am J Physiol 264 3 Part 2 F565-F574 Amiloride; Epithelial Transport; Patch Clamp; Cell Calcium; Cell pH; CORTICAL COLLECTING TUBULE; APICAL MEMBRANE; PRINCIPAL CELLS; FROG-SKIN; AMILORIDE; TRANSPORT; SODIUM; CONDUCTANCE; EPITHELIUM; OSMOLARITY Journal Article Fritts, T.H. 1993 The Common Wolf Snake, Lycodon aulicus capucinus, a Recent Colonist of Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean Wildlife Res 20 2 261-266 Journal Article Fritz, Klemens;Lehnert, Manfred 1993 Das reliktvorkommen der aspisviper (Viper aspis L.) im Schwarzwald [Vipera aspis in the Black Forest] Mertensiella 3 301-310 Serpentes; Viperidae; Vipera aspis; Distribution; Status; Germany Journal Article Frost, Darrel;Etheridge, Richard 1993 A consideration of Iguanian lizards and the objectives of systematics: a reply to Lazell Herpetological Review 24 2 50-54 Journal Article Frost, D. R.;Etheridge, R. 1993 A consideration of Iguanian lizards and the objectives of systematics: a reply to Lazell Herp Review 24 2 50-54 reptiles, lizards, iguania, taxonomy Book Frye, Frederick L. 1993 A Practical Guide for Feeding Captive Reptiles Malabar, FL Krieger 171 Book Frye, Frederick L.;Townsend, Wendy 1993 Iguanas: A Guide to Their Biology and Captive Care Malabar, FL Krieger xii + 145 Journal Article Fuentes, E. J.;Mescher, A. L.;Ekman, R.;Tsonis, P. A. 1993 Expression of hydra head activator in newt tissues and effects on limb regeneration In Vivo 7 1 59-63 Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Brain Chemistry/physiology; Cell Division/physiology; Cyclic AMP/metabolism; Cyclic GMP/metabolism; Extremities/*physiology; Eye/chemistry; Immunohistochemistry; Intestines/chemistry; Molecular Sequence Data; Neuropeptides/*analysis; Regeneration/*physiology; Salamandridae/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't In this study, the presence of the hydra head activator (HHA) neuropeptide and its influence on regenerating newt limbs (Notophthalmus viridescens) was investigated. Immunohistological analysis has localized the HHA neuropeptide in the adult newt brain, eye, intestine, and regenerating blastema. Experiments in which 9 day limb regenerates were denervated and subsequently implanted with HHA- soaked beads suggest a slight progression of blastema growth compared to denervated controls. Journal Article Fukuyama, Kinji;Miyazaki, Katsumi;Kusano, Tamotsu;Maeda, Norio 1993 Spermatozoa and mating systems in Japanese anuran species Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 85 Journal Article Furman, Joe 1993 In search of the rough-scaled gecko, Pachydactylus rugosus Dactylus 2 1 17-19 Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1993 Intraspecific aggression in western brown snakes (Pseudonaja nuchalis) Herpetofauna 23 1 36-38 Journal Article Gabriel, R.;Wilhelm, M.;Straznicky, C. 1993 Morphology and Distribution of Muller Cells in the Retina of the Toad Bufo-Marinus Cell Tissue Res 272 1 183-192 Retina; Muller Cells; Neuron-Specific Enolase; Immunocytochemistry; Quantitative Analysis; Ultrastructure; Bufo-Marinus (Anura); XENOPUS-LAEVIS; GANGLION-CELLS; RANA-TEMPORARIA; NEURAL RETINA; RABBIT RETINA; ASTROCYTES; GLIA; LOCALIZATION; ESCULENTA; NEURONS Journal Article Gadsden-Esparza, Héctor;Aguirre-León, Gustavo 1993 Historia de visa comparada en una población de Sceloporus undulatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) del Bolsón de Mapimi Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 5 2 21-41 Sceloporus undulatus; Growth rate; Life history; Population dynamics Journal Article Gadsden-Esparza, Héctor;Méndez-De la Cruz, Fausto R.;Gil-Martínez, Rosalina;Casas-Andreu, Gustavo 1993 Patrón Reprductivo de una lagartija (Uma paraphygas) en peligro de extinctión Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 5 2 52-50 Uma paraphygas; Reproduction; Precocial sexual maturity; Winter activity Journal Article Gaede, Peter 1993 Observing lizards of Baja California Idaho Herp News 6 1 9-10 callisaurus draconoides sauromalus obesus uta stansburiana eumeces skiltonianus cnemidophorus burti petrosarus thalassinus sceloporus hunsakeri phrynosoma coronatum occidentalis Journal Article Gaherty, Geoff 1993 CER to the rescue Scales and Tales 7 1 4 epicrates subflavus Journal Article Galbraith, David 1993 Tales of looming turtle extinctions told in New York Scales and Tales 7 3 2 Journal Article Galbraith, David 1993 The Jamaican boa: recovery or requiem? Scales and Tales 7 1 1 epicrates subflavus Journal Article Galbraith, David 1993 Dear readers of Scales and Tales Scales and Tales 7 2 1 Journal Article Galbraith, David 1993 Madagascar leaftailed geckos arrive at the Centre Scales and Tales 7 2 2 Journal Article Galbraith, David 1993 Island species need help: and so do the rest! Scales and Tales 7 2 4 Journal Article Galbraith, David 1993 We're "hatching our future" and we need your help! Scales and Tales 7 3 1 Journal Article Galbraith, D. A. 1993 Multiple paternity and sperm storage in turtles - Review Herpetol J 3 4 117-123 Reptilia, testudines, propagation, sperm storage Multiple paternity is the occurrence within a single clutch of offspring fathered by more than one male. This pattern may be an an adaptive feature of the mating system of turtles. Mating systems are the adaptive features of reproduction which contribute to variation in the probability of a particular egg being fertilized by a particular sperm. Turtle populations have rarely been studied specifically in terms of multiple paternity or mating systems. Five features related to multiple paternity are discussed: spacing behaviour prior to courtship, mate-seeking and mate choice, agonistic encounters between individuals, sperm storage, and sperm competition. Several studies have examined movements and spacing behaviours in turtles, and have drawn inferences about mate-seeking. At present, multiple paternity has been detected in clutches of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), wood turtles (Clemmys insculpta), and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). In wood turtles, a relationship between male dominance and paternity has been detected through DNA fingerprinting. Sperm storage has been demonstrated in several species, but studies of sperm competition are lacking. Directions for future research are considered. Journal Article Galbraith, D.A.;White, B.N.;Brooks, R.J.;Boag, P.T. 1993 Multiple paternity in clutches of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) detected using DNA fingerprints Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 318-324 sex ratio Journal Article Gallant, E.M.;Taus, N.S.;Fletcher, T.F.;Lentz, L.R.;Louis, C.F.;Mickelson, J.R. 1993 Perchlorate Potentiation of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Mammalian Skeletal Muscles Am J Physiol 264 3 Part 1 C559-C567 Potassium Contracture; Dihydropyridine Receptor; Sarcoplasmic Reticular Calcium Release Channel; Calcium Current; Contractile Threshold; SLOW CALCIUM CURRENT; CHARGE MOVEMENT; POTASSIUM CONTRACTURES; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; MECHANICAL ACTIVATION; FIBERS; FROG; CELLS; ION Journal Article Gallardo, J. M. 1993 Observaciones sobre la reproducción de Ophiodes vertebralis (Reptilia, Anguidae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 9 1 3 Ophiodes vertebralis Journal Article Gallegos, M.E.;Merino, M.;Marba, N.;Duarte, C.M. 1993 Biomass and Dynamics of Thalassia testudinum in the Mexican Caribbean - Elucidating Rhizome Growth Mar Ecol-Progr Ser 95 1-2 185-192 SYRINGODIUM-FILIFORME; SEAGRASS COLONIZATION; CYMODOCEA-NODOSA; TURTLE GRASS; PRODUCTIVITY; KONIG; HYDROCHARITACEAE; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; LAGOON Journal Article Gambino, Elena;Laiolo, Paola;Gallo, Lorenzo Mariano;Giacoma, Cristina 1993 Distribuzione degli anfibi in Provincia di Asti Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 21 693-706 Journal Article Gambold, N.;Woinarski, J. C. Z. 1993 Distributional patterns of herpetofauna in monsoon rainforests of the Northern Territory, Australia Australian Journal of Ecology 18 431-449 Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Hemidactylus frenatus, Bufo marinus, Litoria, Sphenophryne, Rana, Bufo, Gehyra, Oedura, Pseudothecadatylus, Gemmatophora, Varanus, Carlia, Ramphotyphlops, Botrochilus, Colubridae, Elapidae Book Section Gans, Carl 1993 How many snakes need we catch and how many frogs? And, where belong our pickled turtles? Thoughts on environmental protection Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 359-362 Journal Article Garber, Andrew 1993 Idaho's environment may revel environmental clues Idaho Herp News 6 1 16-18 Journal Article Garbutt, Nick 1993 The Round Island gecko: A most unusual Phelsuma Dactylus 1 4 17-21 guentheri activity size gigas Journal Article Garciaparis, M.;Herrero, P.;Martin, C.;Dorda, J.;Esteban, M.;Arano, B. 1993 Morphological Characterization, Cytogenetic Analysis, and Geographical Distribution of the Pygmy Marbled Newt Triturus marmoratus pygmaes (Wolterstorff, 1905) (Caudata, Salamandridae) Bijdr Dierkunde 63 1 3-14 Taxonomy; Cytogenetics; Salamandridae; Triturus; Iberian Peninsula; GENUS TRITURUS Journal Article García-Collazo, Rodolfo;Altamirano Alvarez, Tizoc;Soto, Martha Gómez 1993 Reproducción continua en Sceloporus variabilis variabilis (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) en Alvarado, Veracruz, México Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 5 2 51-59 Sceloporus variabilis variabilis; Sauria; Phrynosomatidae; Reproduction; Mexico Journal Article García-París, M.;Herrero, P.;Martín, C.;Dorda, J.;Esteban, M.;Arano, B. 1993 Morphological characterization, cytogenetic analysis, and geographical distribution of the Pygmy Marbled Newt Triturus marmoratus pygmaeus (Wolterstorff, 1905) (Caudata: Salamandridae). Bijgragen tot de Dierkunde 63 1 3-14 Amphibian, Caudata, salamandridae, Triturus marmoratus pygmaeus Book Section Garland, Theodore, Jr 1993 Locomotor performance and activity metabolism of Cnemidophorus tigris in relation to natural behaviors Wright, John W. and Vitt, Laurie J. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Norman, OK Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 163-210 Journal Article Garraffo, H.M.;Caceres, J.;Daly, J.W.;Spande, T.F.;Andriamaharavo, N.R.;Andriantsiferana, M. 1993 Alkaloids in Madagascan Frogs (Mantella) - Pumiliotoxins, Indolizidines, Quinolizidines, and Pyrrolizidines J Nat Prod-Lloydia 56 7 1016-1038 POISON FROGS; DENDROBATID FROGS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; SKIN ALKALOIDS; 8-METHYLINDOLIZIDINES; MYOBATRACHIDAE; PHARMACOLOGY; CHANNEL; CALCIUM; SITES Journal Article Garraffo, H.M.;Spande, T.F.;Daly, J.W.;Baldessari, A.;Gros, E.G. 1993 Alkaloids from Bufonid Toads (Melanophryniscus) - Decahydroquinolines, Pumiliotoxins and Homopumiliotoxins, Indolizidines, Pyrrolizidines, and Quinolizidines J Nat Prod-Lloydia 56 3 357-373 DENDROBATID POISON FROGS; 8-METHYLINDOLIZIDINES; MYOBATRACHIDAE; ANT Journal Article Garraffo, H. M.;Spande, T. F.;Daly, J. W. 1993 Alkaloids from bufanoid toads (Melanophryniscus): Decahydroquinolines, pumiliotoxins, and homopumiliotoxins, indolizidines, pyrrolizidines, and quinolizidines Journal of Natural Products 56 357-373 alkaloids, bufanoid toads, Melanophryniscus, toxins Journal Article Garraffo, H. M.;Caceres, J.;Daly, J. W.;Spande, T. F. 1993 Alkaloids in Madagascan frogs (Mantella): Pumiliotoxins, indolizidines, quinolizidines, and pyrrolizidines Journal of Natural Products 7 1016-1038 alkaloids, Madagascan frogs, toxins Journal Article Garrett, Clay M.;Boyer, Donal M. 1993 Bufo marinus (cane toad). Predation Herpetological Review 24 4 148 Journal Article Garrett, C.M.;Card, W.C. 1993 Chemical Discrimination of Prey by Naive Neonate Gould's Monitors Varanus gouldii Journal of Chemical Ecology 19 11 2599-2604 Varanus-Gouldii; Lizard; Sauria; Varanidae; Chemoreception; Vomerolfaction; Prey Discrimination; LIZARD Journal Article Garson, M.J.;Zimmermann, M.P.;Hoberg, M.;Larsen, R.M.;Battershill, C.N.;Murphy, P.T. 1993 Isolation of brominated Long-Chain fatty acids from the phospholipids of the tropical marine sponge amphimedon terpenensis Lipids 28 11 1011-1014 XESTOSPONGIA-TESTUDINARIA; CELL-SEPARATION; ORGANISMS; STEROLS; CLASSIFICATION; LOCALIZATION; PORIFERA Journal Article Gascon, Claude 1993 Preliminary checklist of the herpetofauna of the upper Rio Urucu, Amazonas, Brazil Revista Brasileira Zoologia 10 179-183 checklist, herpetofauna, upper Rio Urucu, Amazonas, Brazil Journal Article Gascon, C.;Pereira, O. de S. 1993 Preliminary checklist of the herpetofauna of the Upper Rio Urucu, Amazonas, Brazil Revta bras. Zool. 10 1 179-183 reptiles, amphibians, Brazil, collection diversity, Journal Article Gatesy, J.;DeSalle, R.;Wheeler, W. 1993 Alignment-ambiguous nucleotide sites and the exclusion of systematic data Mol Phylogenet Evol 2 2 152-7 Algorithms; Alligators and Crocodiles/classification/genetics; Animal; Base Sequence; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics; Insects/classification/genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; *Phylogeny; *Sequence Alignment Molecular systematists generally rely on computer algorithms to establish the alignment of DNA sequences. However, when alignment regions are characterized by multiple insertions and deletions, these gap-filled stretches of DNA are often excised before phylogenetic reconstruction. This exclusion of systematic data is generally determined by subjective criteria. We explore a replicable methodology in which the comparison of several multiple sequence alignments can be used to eliminate regions of unstable sequence alignment. Using crocodilian and insect mitochondrial (mt) ribosomal (r) DNA as examples, we caution against the removal of sequence data prior to phylogenetic reconstruction. Journal Article Gaulke, M. 1993 1st Record of the Polyodont Snake Sibynophis geminatus geminatus (Boie, 1826) from the Philippines, with a Discussion of Sibynophis bivittatus (Boulenger, 1894) Herpetol J 3 4 151-152 Journal Article Gauthier, L.;Vandergaag, M.A.;Lharidon, J.;Ferrier, V.;Fernandez, M. 1993 In vivo detection of waste water and industrial effluent genotoxicity - use of the newt micronucleus test (Jaylet test) Sci Total Envir 138 1-3 249-269 Genotoxicity; Waste Water; Industrial Effluent; Micronucleus Assay; Invivo Genotoxicity; Amphibians; Aquatic Genotoxins; SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE; KILLIFISH NOTHOBRANCHIUS-RACHOWI; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD ERYTHROCYTES; PLEURODELES-WALTL; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; ETHYL METHANESULFONATE; FRESH-WATER; MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; GENETIC TOXICOLOGY; EASTERN MUDMINNOW Book Gavetti, E.;Andreone, F. 1993 Revised catalogue of the Herpetological Collection in Turin University I. Amphibia Turin, Italy Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino X 185 Journal Article Gay, Martin 1993 The green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) Reptilian 2 1 14-17 Eunectes murinus Journal Article Gay, Martin 1993 An eye to the future Reptilian 1 7 33-35 Journal Article Gay, Martin 1993 The Indian python: Endangered and confused Reptilian 1 9 31-33 Python molurus molurus; Python molurus pimbura Journal Article Gee, Jeff 1993 Commercial Captive breeding: an alternative to the sale of reptiles and amphibians taken from the wild Sonoran Herpetologist 6 5 4650 collecting commercialization pet trade Journal Article Gehrmann, William H 1993 Beware of some bulbs labelled " full spectrum" Notes From NOAH 20 4 15 Journal Article Geiger, Arno 1993 Die kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus Linnaeus 1758) in Nordrhein-Westfalen lebensräume, gefährdung & schutz [The adder (Vipera b. berus Linnaeus 1758) in Northrhine-Westphalica- habitats, threats &conservation] Mertensiella 3 319-324 Vipera berus; Distribution; habitats; threats; status; conservation; Northrine-Westfalia Journal Article Gent, A.H.;Spellerberg, I.F. 1993 Movement Rates of the Smooth Snake Coronella austriaca (Colubridae) - A Radio-Telemetric Study Herpetol J 3 4 140-146 Journal Article George, Steven G. 1993 Siren intermedia nettingi (Western lesser siren). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 24 4 152 Journal Article George, Steven G.;Jensen, Steve L. 1993 Nerodia rhombifer (Diamondback water snake). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 24 4 156 Journal Article Georges, Arthur;Rose, Mark 1993 Conservation biology of the pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 1 3-12 Book Section Georges, Arthur 1993 Setting conservation priorities for Australian freshwater turtles Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 49-58 carettochelys insculpta pseudemydura umbrina rheodytes leukops elusor emydura elseya latisternum dentata chelodina Book Section Georges, A.;C.J. Limpus, C.J. Parmenter 1993 Natural history of the Chelonia C.J. Glasby, G.J.B. Ross, P.L. Beesley Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A. Amphibia & Reptilia Canberra Aust. Govt. Publ. Serv. 120-128 Journal Article Gerber, Mark 1993 Rattlesnake roudups Idaho Herp News 6 3 11 Journal Article Gerencser, G.A.;Loo, S.Y.;Cornette, K.M. 1993 N-Ethylmaleimide Inhibition of Silver-Enhanced Sodium Transport Across Toad (Bufo macinus) Skin Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 105 3 415-419 ETHANOL Journal Article Gerencser, G.A. 1993 Effect of Prostaglandin F2-alpha on Transmural Potential Difference and Short-Circuit Current in Isolated Frog (Rana-Catesbeiana) Skin Comp Biochem Physiol [C] 104 1 103-106 ION-TRANSPORT; BLADDER; INVITRO; MUCOSA; RABBIT; RAT Journal Article Gergus, Erik W. A. 1993 Bufo terrestris (Southern Toad). USA Louisiana Herpetological Review 24 2 64 geographic distribution Journal Article Gerhardt, H. C. 1993 Multiple causation of the evolution of acoustic signals uded in courtship Etología 3 151-169 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, phonotaxis, playback, sexual selection, Journal Article Gerholdt, Pam 1993 Life with a herpetologist Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 9 5 Journal Article Gerholdt, Jim 1993 Proper handling of herps Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 8 14-15 Journal Article Gerlach, G.;Bally, A. 1993 Mass mortality of the common frog (Rana temporaria) in northern Switzerland Froglog 6 2 Journal Article Germano, David J.;Williams, Daniel F. 1993 Field evaluation of using Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags to permanently mark lizards Herpetological Review 24 2 54-56 Journal Article Germano, David J. 1993 Shell morphology of North American Tortoises American Midland Naturalist 129 319-335 gopherus agassizii polyphemus flavomarginatus berlandieri Journal Article Gerson, Marina;Garlick, Tim 1993 Herping in the Mojave Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 12 1 Journal Article Gervias, Louise 1993 The centre's supporters say: Scales and Tales 7 1 2 Journal Article Ghosh, P.;Bhattachrya, S.;Bhattacharya, S. 1993 Acetylcholine Stimulates the Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Brain of a Snakehead, Channa punctatus Zool Sci 10 4 605-609 ANABAS-TESTUDINEUS BLOCH Journal Article Ghosh, D.;Nandi, D.K.;Debnath, J. 1993 Effect of Lithium Chloride on Testicular Steroidogenesis and Gametogenesis in the Hypophysectomised Toad (Bufo-Melanostictus) Med Sci Res 21 6 241-243 Lithium; Delta-5-3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase; 17-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase; Hypophysectomy; Toad; Leydig Cell Nuclear Area; Steroidogenesis; Gametogenesis; 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITIES; ALBINO-RATS; SPERMATOGENESIS; TESTOSTERONE Journal Article Giacoma, Cristina 1993 Analisi dei parametri ecologici che influenzano la diffusione degli anfibi in Pianura Padana Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 21 167-174 Journal Article Giaretta, A.A.;Bokermann, W.C.A.;Haddad, C.F.B. 1993 A review of the genus megaelosia (Anura, leptodactylidae) with a description of a new species J Herpetol 27 3 276-285 Journal Article Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.;Bokermann, Werner C. A.;Haddad, Célio F. B. 1993 A review of the genus Megaelosia (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with a description of a new species Journal of Herpetology 27 3 276-285 massarti goeldii lutzae bocainensis Journal Article Gibbons, Whit 1993 Crocs and gators, differences are many Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 9 10 Book Gibbons, Whit 1993 Keeping all the Pieces: Perspectives on Natural History and the Environment Washington, DC Smithsonian xxii, 182 Journal Article Gil, M.J.;Guerrero, F.;Perezmellado, V. 1993 Observations on morphometrics and ecology in blanus-cinereus (Reptilia, amphisbaenia) J Herpetol 27 2 205-209 Journal Article Gil, M. J.;Guerrero, F.;Pérez-Mellado, V. 1993 Observations on morphometrics and ecology in Blanus cinereus (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia) Journal of Herpetology 27 2 205-209 Journal Article Gil, M. J.;Perez-Mellado, V.;Guerrero, F. 1993 Eine vergleichende Studie des Nahrungserwerbs von Tarentola mauritanica (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in Habitaten auf dem Festland und auf Inseln Sauria 15 4 9-17 Journal Article Giles, M. A.;Attas., E. M. 1993 Rare earth elements as internal batch marks for rainbow trout - retention, distribution, and effects on growth of injected Dysprosium, Europium, and Samarium. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 122 289-297 Journal Article Giles, M. A.;Attas., E. M. 1993 Rare earth elements as internal batch marks for rainbow trout - retention, distribution, and effects on growth of injected Dysprosium, Europium, and Samarium Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 122 289-297 Journal Article Gill, B.J. 1993 The Lizards of the Pitcairn Island Group, South Pacific N Z J Zool 20 3 161-164 Pitcairn Island; Henderson Island; Ducie Atoll; Oeno Atoll; South Pacific; Distribution; Polynesian People; Lizards; Geckos; Skinks Journal Article Gill, B.J. 1993 The Land Reptiles of Western-Samoa J Roy Soc N Z 23 2 79-89 Geckos; Skinks; Snakes; Western-Samoa; Identification; Distribution; Biogeography; PACIFIC Journal Article Gill, B. J. 1993 The land reptiles of western Samoa Journal of the Royal Society of New England 23 79-89 geckos, skinks, snakes, Western Samoa, identification, distribution, biogeography Magazine Article Gillette, Kali 1993 Living with rattlesnakes 7 10 15-18 Journal Article Gillette, Kali 1993 Living with rattlesnakes Utah Fishing & Outdoors 7 10 15-18 Crotalus Utah snakebite Journal Article Gilmore, Raymond M.;Murphy, John C. 1993 On large anacondas, Eunectes murinus (Serpentes: Boidae), with special reference to the Dunn-Lamon record Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 9 185-188 size Journal Article Girard, Francis 1993 Captive maintenance and reproduction of a small gecko, Teratolepis fasciata (Blyth, 1853) Dactylus 2 2 67-70 Journal Article Girondot, M.;Pieau, C. 1993 Effects of Sexual Differences of Age at Maturity and Survival on Population Sex Ratio Evolutionary Ecology 7 6 645-650 Sex Ratio; Long Life-Span; Turtle; Survival; Sexual Maturity Book Girondot, M. 1993 Analyse des facteurs génétiques et épigénétiques impliqués dans la détermination du sexe chez les reptiles Ph.D. Dissertation, Université Paris 6- Pierre et Marie Curie Journal Article Given, Mac F. 1993 Vocal interactions in Bufo woodhousii fowleri Journal of Herpetology 27 4 447-452 Journal Article Given, M.F. 1993 Male Response to Female Vocalizations in the Carpenter Frog, Rana virgatipes Animal Behaviour 46 6 1139-1149 CALLING MUSCLES; SONG; COMMUNICATION; CLAMITANS Journal Article Given, M. F. 1993 Male response to female vocalizations in the carpenter frog, Hyla versicolor Animal Behaviour 46 1139-1149 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Hyla versicolor Edited Book Glasby, Christopher J.;Ross, Graham J. B.;Beesley, Pamela L. 1993 Fauna of Australia. Vol. 1A Amphibia & Reptilia Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service viii 439 Edited Book Glasby, Christopher J.;Ross, Graham J. B.;Beesley, Pamela L. 1993 Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A Amphibia & Reptilia Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service viii 439 Journal Article Glasson, Gordon 1993 Conservation begins at home Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter December 4-5 Journal Article Glazebrook, J.S.;Campbell, R.S.F.;Thomas, A.T. 1993 Studies on an Ulcerative Stomatitis Obstructive Rhinitis Pneumonia Disease Complex in Hatchling and Juvenile Sea Turtles Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta Disease Aquat Org 16 2 133-147 NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; MARINE TURTLES Journal Article Glazebrook, J. S.;Campbell, Rsf;Thomas, A. T. 1993 Studies on an ulcerative stomatitis obstructive rhinitis pneumonia disease complex in hatchling and juvenile sea turtles Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta Disease Aquat Org 16 2 133-147 Reptilia, testudines, Chelonia mydas, infection, rhinitis Three bacterial diseases (ulcerative stomatitis, obstructive rhinitis and pneumonia) and associated complexes were together responsible for mortality rates of up to 70 % in farmed and oceanarium-reared turtles (Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta). Hatchlings 5 to 12 wk old and juveniles 3 to 6 mo old were particularly susceptible to ulcerative stomatitis and bronchopneurnonia respectively (58.6 and 58.3 % of the cases diagnosed). Obstructive rhinitis was secondary to ulcerative stomatitis, being present in 70 % of hatchlings with mouth rot or 'canker'. Focal pneumonia occurred more frequently in juveniles (81.8 % or 9/11 affected). The 5 disease complexes observed (ulcerative stomatitis - bronchopneumonia; ulcerative stomatitis - obstructive rhinitis; ulcerative stomatitis - obstructive rhinitis - bronchopneumonia; obstructive rhinitis - bronchopneumonia; and ulcerative stomatitis - focal pneumonia) were equally distributed amongst hatchlings and juveniles. It was not possible to compare the relative susceptibility of green turtles and loggerheads, because of the small number of loggerheads involved (3). The percentage of farmed and oceanarium- reared turtles showing one or more of these diseases was similar [65 % (65/100) and 66.6 % (10/15) respectively]. The clinico-pathological features of the major diseases are described. Three bacteria (Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium sp.) were repeatedly isolated from cases of ulcerative stomatitis and obstructive rhinitis. In addition to the above organisms 4 genera of fungi (Paecilomyces sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp.) were recovered from caseous material lodged inside the trachea and bronchi of turtles with bronchopneumonia. A therapeutic regime was tested on 42 hatchlings, 7 to 8 wk old, using antibiotics and a topical disinfectant. The survival rate of individually-reared hatchlings (71.5 %) was significantly higher than the control group (28.6 %, p < 0.01) but not significantly higher than their group-reared counterparts (57.2 %, p < 0.05). Reprint Endnote 93/671 Journal Article Glennemeier, K.A.;Licht, P. 1993 Comparative Studies of Thyroxine Binding Proteins in Turtle Plasma Using Column Chromatography Gen Comp Endocrinol 89 1 119-131 THYROID-HORMONE-BINDING; VITAMIN-A; PREALBUMIN; VERTEBRATES; TRANSPORT; CHICKEN; BLOOD; SERUM Journal Article Glennemeier, K.A.;Licht, P. 1993 Binding Affinities of Thyroxine-Binding Proteins in Turtle Plasma Gen Comp Endocrinol 90 1 78-86 PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; HORMONE; BLOOD; SERUM Journal Article Gobbetti, A.;Zerani, M. 1993 Prostaglandin-E2 and Prostaglandin-F2-alpha Involvement in the Corticosterone and Cortisol Release by the Female Frog, Rana esculenta, During Ovulation J Exp Zool 267 2 164-170 HETEROPNEUSTES-FOSSILIS BLOCH; INTERRENAL GLAND; TRITURUS-CARNIFEX; WATER FROG; INVITRO; GONADOTROPIN; HORMONE; RAT; STEROIDOGENESIS; SECRETION Journal Article Gobbetti, A.;Zerani, M.;Difiore, M.M.;Botte, V. 1993 Prostaglandins and Sex Steroids from Reptilian (Podarcis sicula sicula) Ovarian Follicles at Different Developmental Stages Zool Sci 10 2 321-328 PROGESTERONE SECRETION; RANA-ESCULENTA; PLASMA; OVULATION; INVITRO; OVIPOSITION; INDOMETHACIN; GONADOTROPIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; LUTEOLYSIS Journal Article Gobbetti, Anna;Zerani, Massino;Bellini-Cardellini, Loreta 1993 Possible roles for prostaglandins in breeding processes in female Rana esculenta Suppl. Ric. Biol. Selvaggina 21 585-596 Journal Article Godines-Dominguez, E.;Carretero-Montes, R. E.;Silva-Batiz, F. de A.;Ruiz, S.;Aguilar, B. 1993 Crecimiento de neonatos de Chelonia agassizii (Testudines: Cheloniidae) en cautiverio Review of Biology of the Tropics 41 2 253-260 green; captivity; growth Journal Article Godinezdominguez, E.;Carreteromontes, R.E.;Silvabatiz, F.D.;Ruiz, S.;Aguilar, B. 1993 Growth of Captive Chelonia agassizzii (Testudines, Kinostemidae) Neonates Revista de Biologia Tropical 41 2 253-260 Marine Turtle; Growth; Eastern Pacific; Chelonia-Agassizii; Culture Book Golay, Philippe;Smith, Hobart M.;Broadley, Donald G.;Dixon, James R.;McCarthy, Colin;Rage, Jean-Claude;Schätti, Beat;Toriba, Michihisa 1993 Endoglyphs and Other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist Aïre-Geneva, Switzerland Azemiops S.A. 478 p. actractaspidae elapidae crotalidae viperidae colubridae natricidae hydrophiidae Journal Article Gold, B.S. 1993 Snake Venom Extractors - A Valuable First-Aid Tool Vet Human Toxicol 35 3 255 Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Tawil, R. 1993 Aplectana macintoshii (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in Eumeces latiscutatus (Sauria, Scincidae), from Japan J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 2 283-284 Nematoda; Aplectana-Macintoshii; Scincidae; Eumeces-Latiscutatus; Palaearctic Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Zucker, N. 1993 Gastrointestinal helminths of the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus (Phrynosomatidae) J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 1 118-121 Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Tawil, R. 1993 Gastrointestinal helminths of five horned lizard species, Phrynosoma (Phrynosomatidae) from Arizona J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 2 234-238 Nematoda; cestoda Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Tawil, R. 1993 Gastrointestinal helminths of the Western brush lizard, Urosaurus graciosus graciosus (Phrynosomatidae) Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci 92 1 43-51 Reptilia, sauria, Phrynosomatidae, Western brush lizard, Urosaurus graciosus graciosus infection, helminth, gastrointestine Reprint Endnote 94/83 Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Tawill, R. 1993 Gastrointestinal helminths of the western Brush Lizard, Urosaurus graciosus graciosus (Phrynosomatidae) Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 92 1 43-51 Reptilia, sauria, Phrynosomatidae, western Brush Lizard, Urosaurus graciosus graciosus, infection, helminth, pathology, Gastrointestin Reprint Endnote 93/616 Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Holshuh, H.J. 1993 Histopathology in a captive Yarrow's spiny lizard, Scleroporus jarrovii, (Phrynosomatidae), attributed to the mite Hirstiella sp. (Pterygosomatidae) Trans Am. Micr. soc. 112 5 234-237 Reptilia, sauria, Phrynosomatidae, Yarrow's spiny lizard, Scleroporus jarrovii, infection, acari, Hirstiella sp., Pterygosomatidae Reprint Endnote 93/614 Journal Article Goldberg, S. R.;Bursey, C. R.;Tawil, R. 1993 Gastrointestinal helminths of the crevice spiny lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii (Phrynosomatidae) J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 2 263-265 Reptilia, sauria, crevice spiny lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii, infection, helminth, nematoda Twenty-one Sceloporus poinsettii from Texas and New Mexico were examined for helminths. Helminth faunas of the 2 lizard populations differed. The Texas population contained Skrjabinoptera phrynosoma (80% prevalence, mean intensity 27), Thubunaea iguanae (20% prevalence, mean intensity 1), and Oochoristica scelopori (30% prevalence, mean intensity 7). The New Mexico population contained Physaloptera retusa (55% prevalence, mean intensity 25) and Spauligodon giganticus (82% prevalence, mean intensity 30). All represent new host records. Xeric conditions of the Texas S. poinsettii habitat may partly account for the absence of S. giganticus. Reprint Endnote 93/610 Journal Article Goldberg, S. R.;Bursey, C. R.;Tawil, R. 1993 Gastrointestinal helminths of 5 horned lizard species, Phrynosoma (Phrynosomatidae) from Arizona J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 2 234-238 Reptilia, sauria, Phrynosoma cornutum, Phrynosoma solare, infection, helminth, cestode, nematode Five species of homed lizards of the genus Phrynosoma from Arizona were examined for gastrointestinal helminths. Phrynosoma cornutum (N = 7) and Phrynosoma solare (N = 8) harbored the cestode Diochetos phrynosomatis and the nematodes Atractis penneri and Skrjabinoptera phrynosoma. Phrynosoma douglassii (N = 19) and Phrynosoma platyrhinos (N = 5) contained both species of nematodes, whereas Phrynosoma modestum (N = 5) harbored only S. phrynosoma. Phrynosoma cornutum and P. douglassii are new hosts for A. penneri; P. modestum is a new host for S. phrynosoma. It appears that gastrointestinal helminths of Arizona homed lizards are restricted to 3 species. Diochetos parvovaria is placed in synonymy with D. phrynosomatis. Reprint Endnote 93/611 Journal Article Goldberg, S. R.;Bursey, C. R.;Bezy, R. L. 1993 Gastrointestinal helminths of night lizards, genus Xantusia (Xantusiidae) J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 2 165-169 Reptilia, sauria, Xantusia vigilis, Xantusia henshawi, Xantusia bolsonae,infection, helminth, nematoda Examination of the gastrointestinal tracts of 278 Xantusia vigilis, 40 Xantusia henshawi, and 8 Xantusia bolsonae revealed the presence of 1 species of nematode, Parapharyngodon californiensis (prevalences 1, 28, and 50%, respectively). Xantusia henshawi and X. vigilis also harbored 1 species of cestode, Oochoristica bezyi (prevalences 35 and 16%, respectively). Xantusia bolsonae is a new host for P. californiensis. Xantusia henshawi and X. vigilis are new hosts for 0. bezyi. Examination of the gastrointestinal tracts of 21 Xantusia riversiana revealed the presence of 6 species of nematodes: Alaeuris clementensis, Alaeuris riversianae, Parapharyngodon pseudothaparius, Parapharyngodon xantusi, Thubunaea iguanae, and an unidentified oxyurid (prevalences 71, 81, 100, 90, 14, and 5%, respectively). One species of cestode, Oochoristica islandensis (prevalence 52%), also was present. Xantusia riversiana is a new host for T. iguanae. Compared to the mainland species of Xantusia, the helminth fauna of the insular X. riversiana is both unique and diverse. The high prevalences of helminths in X. riversiana may be due to the increased opportunity for infection and reinfection presented by its unusually dense populations and overlapping home ranges. Reprint Endnote 93/612 Journal Article Goldberg, S. R.;Bursey, C. R. 1993 Duration of attachment of the chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana (Trombiculidae) in mite pockets of yarrow spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae) from Arizona J Wildlife Dis 29 1 142-144 Reptilia, sauria, yarrow spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii, infection, chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana , mite pockets Duration of attachment was determined for the chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana in mite pockets of the phrynosomatid lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii from Arizona. Eutrombicula lipovskyana remained attached in mite pockets for as long as 52 days. Infestations in other body areas were of shorter duration. The mite Geckobiella texana was also found to infest S. jarrovii. Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R. 1993 Duration of attachment of the chigger, Eutrombicula lipovskyana (Trombiculidae) in mite pockets of Yarrow's Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae) from Arizona Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29 1 142-144 Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Holshuh, H.J. 1993 Histopathology in a captive Yarrow's Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae), Attributed to the mite Hirstiella sp. (Pterygosomatidae) Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 112 3 234-237 Journal Article Golding, J.P.;Tonge, D.A. 1993 Expression of GAP-43 in Normal and Regenerating Nerves in the Frog Neuroscience 52 2 415-426 GROWTH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; AXONALLY TRANSPORTED PROTEINS; GOLDFISH OPTIC-NERVE; RAT SCIATIC-NERVE; CONDITIONING LESION; NEUROFILAMENT TRIPLET; GANGLION-CELLS; BRAIN; ELECTROPHORESIS; CULTURE Journal Article Goldstein, D.L. 1993 Renal Response to Saline Infusion in Chicks of Leachs Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) J Comp Physiol B 163 2 167-173 Glomerular Intermittency; Avian Osmoregulation; Petrel, Oceanodroma-Leucorhoa; REPTILIAN-TYPE NEPHRONS; ARGININE VASOTOCIN; MAMMALIAN-TYPE; DOMESTIC-FOWL; AVIAN KIDNEY; KELP GULLS; BIRDS; ANTIDIURESIS; ANGIOTENSIN; GROWTH Journal Article Goldstein, O.;Asher, C.;Barbry, P.;Cragoe, E.;Clauss, W.;Garty, H. 1993 An Epithelial High-Affinity Amiloride-Binding Site, Different from the Na+ Channel J Biol Chem 268 11 7856-7862 TOAD URINARY-BLADDER; SODIUM-CHANNELS; H-3 PHENAMIL; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; XENOPUS OOCYTES; TRANSPORT; ANALOGS; PROTEIN; PURIFICATION; ALDOSTERONE Journal Article Gollman, B.;Gollman., G. 1993 Hatching dynamics of larvae of Australian smooth froglets, Geocrinia laevis and Geocrinia victoriana (Amphibian, Anura, Myobatrachidae) Zoologischer Anzeiger 229 191-199 Journal Article Gollman, B.;Gollman., G. 1993 A laboratory experiment on interspecific competition between tadpoles of Geocrinia victoriana and Pseudophryne semimarmorata (Anura, Myobatrachidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 14 349-356 Journal Article Gollmann, Günter;Gollmann, Birgit 1993 Book Review: Reptiles of mountain and arid territories: systematics and distribution Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 97 Journal Article Gollmann, Birgit;Gollmann, Günter 1993 A laboratory experiment of interspecific competition between tadpoles of Geocrinia victoriana and Pseudophryne semimarmorata (Anura, Myobatrachinae) Amphibia-Reptilia 14 4 349-356 Journal Article Golubev, M. L. 1993 The variegated toad agama in Djungar Gate (Eastern Kazakstan) with notes on certain systematic problems of Phrynocephalus versicolor str. (Reptilia: Agamidae) Asiatic Herpetological Research 5 51-58 china distribution guttatus salenskyi alpherakii doriai Journal Article Gonzalez, A.;Bolanos, P.;Caputo, C. 1993 Effects of Sulfhydryl Inhibitors on Nonlinear Membrane Currents in Frog Skeletal Muscle Fibers J Gen Physiol 101 3 425-451 INTRAMEMBRANE CHARGE MOVEMENT; GATING CURRENTS; DIHYDROPYRIDINE RECEPTORS; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; VOLTAGE SENSORS; CONTRACTION; CALCIUM; CHANNELS; REAGENTS; NERVE Journal Article Gonzalez, Juan Gonzalez 1993 Réunion Island - Still a land of tortoises Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 1 51-52 Journal Article Good, David A.;Wake, David B. 1993 Systematic studies of the Costa Rican moss salamanders, genus Nototriton, with descriptions of three new species Herpetological Monographs 7 131-159 plethodontidae allozymes morphometrics systematics taxonomy Journal Article Good, David A.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Günther, Rainer 1993 An Annotated Type Catalogue of the Anguimorph Lizards (Squamata: Anguidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xenosauridae) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 1 45-56 Journal Article Good, David A.;Bauer, Aaron;Günther, Rainer 1993 An annotated type catalogue of the anguimorph lizards (Squamata: Anguidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xenosauridae) in the Zoological Musuem, Berlin Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 1 45-46 Reptilia, type catalogue Journal Article Gooler, D. M.;Condon, C. J.;Xu, J.-H.;Feng, A. S. 1993 Sound direction influences the frequency-tuning characteristics of neurons in the frog inferior colliculus Journal of Neurophysiology 69 4 1018-1030 Amphibia, Anura, neuroethology, acoustic communication, Journal Article Gopalakrishnakone, P.;Kochva, E. 1993 Histological features of the venom apparatus of sea snake, Lapemis curtus Snake 25 1 27-39 Journal Article Gordon, A.N.;Kelly, W.R.;Lester, R.J.G. 1993 Epizootic Mortality of Free-Living Green Turtles, Chelonia mydas, Due to Coccidiosis J Wildlife Dis 29 3 490-494 Coccidiosis; Caryospora-Cheloniae; Green Turtle; Chelonia-Mydas Journal Article Gordon, A. N.;Kelly, W. R.;Lester, Rjg 1993 Epizootic mortality of free-living green turtles, Chelonia mydas, due to coccidiosis J Wildlife Dis 29 3 490-494 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, coccidiosis At least 70 wild green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, died in the Moreton Bay area of southeast Queensland, Australia over 6 wk in spring 1991. Based on the necropsy of 24 turtles, there was a severe enteritis or encephalitis associated with Caryospora cheloniae, a coccidial pathogen previously recorded only in farm- reared Ch. mydas hatchlings. Infection was characterized by the presence of coccidia in extra-intestinal lesions. Oocysts were observed to sporulate, after which sporozoites escaped into seawater to form a novel stellate configuration. We conclude that C. cheloniae is pathogenic for life stages other than hatchling Ch. mydas and that naturally-occurring coccidiosis is a significant disease of free-living Ch. mydas. Journal Article Gordon, A.;Kelly, W.;Lester, R. 1993 Epizootic mortality of free-living green turtles, Chelonia mydas, due to coccidiosis Journal of Wildlife Diseases 29 490-494 green Journal Article Goren, M.;Werner, Y.L. 1993 On Measuring Head Length in Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles and on Modified Calliper Rules J Zool 230 Part 2 187-191 Journal Article Goren, Menachem;Werner, Yehudah L. 1993 On measuring head length in fishes, amphibians and reptiles and on modified calliper rules Journal of Zoology, London 230 187-191 Journal Article Gorham, Lance E.;Jensen, Steve 1993 Hyla avivoca (Bird-voiced Treefrog). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 24 2 64 geographic distribution Journal Article Goris, Richard C. 1993 Book Review: Biomedical and Surgical Aspects of Captive Reptile Husbandry Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 1 42-43 Journal Article Goudeau, M.;Goudeau, H. 1993 Successive Electrical Responses to Insemination and Concurrent Sperm Entries in the Polyspermic Egg of the Ctenophore Beroe-Ovata Dev Biol 156 2 537-551 SEA-URCHIN EGGS; MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; VOLTAGE-CLAMP; IONIC MECHANISM; AMPHIBIAN EGGS; FERTILIZATION; MEMBRANE; ACTIVATION; BLOCK; CALCIUM Journal Article Gould, Stephen Jay;Eldredge, Nile 1993 Punctuated equilibrium comes of age Nature 336 223-227 evolution evolutionary theory Journal Article Gould, Glynn 1993 Spring flower danger British Association of Tortoise Keepers Magazine 14 13 Journal Article Gow, Shane M. 1993 Mating behaviour of Litoria lesueuri (Anura: Hylidae) Herpetofauna 23 2 6-9 breeding sites territoriality egg laying fertilization Journal Article Goyenechea Mayer-Goyenechea, Irene;Mendoza Quijano, Fernando 1993 Descripción del cariotipo de Sceloporus smaragdinus (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) Bol. Soc. Herpetol. Mex. 5 2 62-64 Phrynosomatidae; Sceloporus smaragdinus; Karyotype; Chiapas; Mexico Journal Article Graham, T. E.;Butler, B. O. 1993 Metabolic rates of wintering Blandings turtles, Emydoidea blandingii Comp Biochem Physiol [a] 106 4 663-665 Reptilia, testudines, Blanding's turtles, Emydoidea blandingii, hibernation 1. Aquatic VO2 of three adult Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) wintering at 3 degrees C on the bottom of a small Massachusetts pond was 0.342 +/- 0.012 mu l O-2/g/hr ((x) over bar +/- SE). 2. This moderate rate of metabolism, compared with that of other species at low water temperature, is probably correlated with the physical characteristics of the hibernation site and the amount of movement demonstrated by wintering animals. Journal Article Gramentz, Dieter 1993 Neuer Fundort von Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) im Südwesten der Türkei herpetofauna 15 82 6-8 Journal Article Gramentz, Dieter 1993 Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen zur Ethologie und Ökologie von Trionyx triunguis in West-Anatolien Salamandra 29 1 16-43 Journal Article Graminski, G.F.;Jayawickreme, C.K.;Potenza, M.N.;Lerner, M.R. 1993 Pigment Dispersion in Frog Melanophores Can Be Induced by a Phorbol Ester or Stimulation of a Recombinant Receptor That Activates Phospholipase-C J Biol Chem 268 8 5957-5964 SWISS 3T3 CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; GASTRIN-RELEASING PEPTIDE; LUNG-CARCINOMA CELLS; BOMBESIN RECEPTOR; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; PITUITARY-CELLS; EARLY EVENTS; POTENT; ANTAGONISTS Journal Article Grant, Karen P.;Licht, Lawrence E. 1993 Acid tolerance of anuran embryos and larvae from central Ontario Journal of Herpetology 27 1 1-6 rana sylvatica hyla versicolor catesbeiana ph amphibian decline Journal Article Grant, G.S.;Ferrell, D. 1993 Leatherback Turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Reptilia, Dermochelidae) - Notes on Near-Shore Feeding Behavior and Association with Cobia Brimleyana 19 77-81 Journal Article Grant, G.S.;Ferrell, D. 1993 Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Reptilia: Dermochelidae): notes on near-shore feeding behavior and association with Cobia Brimleyana 19 77-81 leatherback; feeding Journal Article Grassman, M. 1993 Chemosensory orientation behavior in juvenile sea turtles Brain Behav. Evol. 41 224-228 loggerhead; ridley; orientation Journal Article Gratson, M.W. 1993 Sexual Selection for Increased Male Courtship and Acoustic Signals and Against Large Male Size at Sharp-Tailed Grouse Leks Evolution 47 2 691-696 Leks; Sexual Dimorphism; Sexual Selection; Sharp-Tailed Grouse; MALE MATING SUCCESS; TOAD BUFO-WOODHOUSEI; FEMALE CHOICE; SAGE GROUSE; HUDSON-BAY; DIMORPHISM; RESERVES; WINTER; ORGANIZATION; CHARACTERS Journal Article Graves, B.M.;Summers, C.H.;Olmstead, K.L. 1993 Sensory Mediation of Aggregation Among Postmetamorphic Bufo-cognatus J Herpetol 27 3 315-319 KIN RECOGNITION; TADPOLES Journal Article Graves, B.M.;Halpern, M.;Gillingham, J.C. 1993 Effects of Vomeronasal System Deafferentation on Home Range Use in a Natural Population of Eastern Garter Snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis Anim Behav 45 2 307-311 PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKES; CHALCIDES-OCELLATUS; TONGUE-FLICKING; CHEMICAL ACCESS; LIZARD; BEHAVIOR; ROLES; PREY; ORGANS; SENSES Journal Article Graves, Brent M.;Duvall, David 1993 Reproduction, rookery use, and thermoregulation in free-ranging, pregnant Crotalus v. viridis Journal of Herpetology 27 1 33-41 temperature fecundidty radio telemetry microhabitat relative clutch mass Journal Article Graves, Brent M.;Summers, Cliff H.;Olmstead, Karen L. 1993 Sensory mediation of aggregation among postmetamorphic Bufo cognatus Journal of Herpetology 27 3 315-319 anti-predator Journal Article Graveson, A.C. 1993 Neural Crest - Contributions to the Development of the Vertebrate Head American Zoologist 33 4 424-433 AMBYSTOMA-MEXICANUM; CELLS; CARTILAGE; AXOLOTL Journal Article Gravlin, Ed 1993 Got snakes? Don't call the plumber Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 11 7 Journal Article Graybeal, Anna 1993 The phylogenetic utility of Ctyochrome b: lessons from bufonid frogs Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2 256-269 Amphibian, evolution, evolution, mitochondrial, genes, genetic, systematics, phylogeny, phylogenetics, sequences, DNA, Bufonidae, amino acid, divergence, Journal Article Graykeller, M.P.;Polans, A.S.;Palczewski, K.;Detwiler, P.B. 1993 The Effect of Recoverin-Like Calcium-Binding Proteins on the Photoresponse of Retinal Rods Neuron 10 3 523-531 PHOTORECEPTOR GUANYLATE-CYCLASE; OUTER SEGMENTS; SALAMANDER RODS; PURIFICATION; LIGHT; EXCITATION; CELLS Journal Article Grechko, V. V.;Mel'nikova, M. N.;Darevskii, I. S. 1993 Relatedness of Parthenogenetic Lacerta Lizards and Their Presumable Parental Bisexual Species Deduced from Comparative Data on Amplification Products Obtained by Single-Primer Polymerase Chain Reaction Molecular Biology 27 6 891-897 Journal Article Greckhamer, Alexander 1993 Der blauschwanztaggecko Phelsuma cepediana Merrem 1817 Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 1 5-7 Phelsuma cepediana Journal Article Greckhamer, Alexander 1993 Hände weg von chamäleons? Zur problematik der chamäleonhaltung Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 1 21-23 Journal Article Greckhamer, Alexander 1993 Bemerkungen über die haltung und zucht von Chamaeleo calyptratus Dumeril & Dumeril, 1851 Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 1 24-31 Chamaeleo calyptratus Journal Article Greek, Tom 1993 Captive maintenence and propagation of the Seychelles giant skin-sloughing gecko, Ailuronyx seychellensis Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 6 8 Journal Article Green, D. 1993 Growth Rates of Wild Immature Green Turtles in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador J Herpetol 27 3 338-341 CHELONIA-MYDAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA TURTLES Journal Article Green, D.M.;Borkin, L.J. 1993 Evolutionary Relationships of Eastern Palearctic Brown Frogs, Genus Rana - Paraphyly of the 24-Chromosome Species Group and the Significance of Chromosome Number Change Zool J Linn Soc 109 1 1-25 Amphibia; Eurasia; Electrophoresis; Cytogenetics; Phylogeny; Systematics; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDER; ELECTROPHORETIC DATA; GENETIC DISTANCE; SYSTEMATICS; BOYLII; ANEIDES; AURORA; JAPAN Journal Article Green, Derek 1993 Growth rates of wild immature green turtles in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador Journal of Herpetology 27 3 338-341 chelonia mydas Journal Article Green, D.M.;Zeyl, C.W.;Sharbel, T.F. 1993 The Evolution of Hypervariable Sex and Supernumerary (B)-Chromosomes in the Relict New-Zealand Frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri J Evolution Biol 6 3 417-441 Hypervariable Chromosomes; Sex Chromosomes; Supernumerary Chromosomes; B-Chromosomes; Evolution; Mullers Ratchet; Cytogenetics; Amphibia; Leiopelma Journal Article Green, D. M.;Cannatella, D. C. 1993 Phylogenetic significance of the amphicoelous frogs, Ascaphidae and Leiopelmatidae Ethology Ecology & Evolution 5 233-245 Journal Article Green, B.;Pabon-Pena, L. M.;Graham, T. A.;Peach, S. E.;Coats, S. R.;Epstein, L. M. 1993 Conserved sequence and functional domains in satellite 2 from three families of salamanders Mol Biol Evol 10 4 732-50 Ambystoma/*genetics; Animal; Base Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Cloning, Molecular; Comparative Study; *Conserved Sequence; DNA, Satellite/*genetics/isolation & purification; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Notophthalmus viridescens/*genetics; Restriction Mapping; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Transcription, Genetic; Urodela/*genetics Thirteen satellite 2 elements from Ambystoma talpoideum and 16 from Amphiuma tridactylum were cloned, sequenced, and compared with the satellite 2 consensus from Notophthalmus viridescens. These elements have maintained a high degree of similarity during the 65-200 Myr that the salamander families, represented by the three species, have been separated. The DNA sequences of the consensus elements from A. talpoideum and A. tridactylum are 81% similar, and both are approximately 65% similar to the N. viridescens consensus. In addition to its DNA sequence, the functional properties of satellite 2 have also been conserved. By selecting and analyzing clones that closely mimicked the consensus of each species, we were able to demonstrate that satellite 2 from each species was capable of promoting transcription after injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes and that synthetic transcripts of satellite 2 from each species were capable of catalyzing their own site-specific cleavage. These properties may be related to the process of retroposition, which was previously proposed to be responsible for the genomic proliferation of satellite 2. Each of these functional properties also has general biological interest. Journal Article Greenaway, P. 1993 Calcium and Magnesium balance during molting in land crabs J Crustacean Biol 13 2 191-197 Invertebrates, crustaceae, crab, Cardisoma hirtipes, physiology, molt, calcium, magnesium balance Calcium and magnesium contents were measured in the terrestrial crabs Cardisoma hirtipes, Gecarcoidea natalis, Geograpsus grayi, and Ocypode cordimana in relation to the intermolt cycle. Contents of these elements were of a similar order to those of marine decapod crustaceans with the exception of the Ca:Mg ratio in Geograpsus grayi (13:2) which was higher than in the other species. Regression equations relating Ca and Mg content to body size are supplied for each species. Behavioral adaptations allowed essentially all calcium and magnesium to be retained through the molt. Crabs molted in burrows (gecarcinids and Ocypode) or other safe retreats (Geograpsus) where they ate the cast exuviae and utilized the contained minerals before reemergence. Physiological adaptations for retention of Ca and Mg contribute significantly to storage in Gecarcoidea natalis, allowing retention of 14.2 +/- 4.4% Ca and 19.5 +/- 7.2% Mg by the soft crab of which 8.5 +/- 3.4% and 5.5 +/- 2.7%, respectively, were in the gastroliths. In Ocypode cordimana, storage occurred in the hemolymph and digestive gland. Physiological retention of calcium was much lower in Cardisoma hirtipes (4.5 +/- 1.36%) and Geograpsus grayi (5.1 +/- 2. 1 %), but all species retained relatively high proportions of their magnesium. Reprint Endnote 93/421 Journal Article Greene, Harry W. 1993 Book Review: Snakes: Ecology and Behavior Science 262 1282 Journal Article Greene, Harry W. 1993 What's good about good natural history Herpetological Natural History 1 1 3 Journal Article Greene, H.W. 1993 Snakes - Ecology and Behavior, by R.A. Seigel, J.T. Collins Science 262 5137 1282 Journal Article Greene, H. W. 1993 Unelevated vertebrates Science 262 1282 book review: snakes. ecology and behavior Journal Article Greene, H. 1993 Book review: Snakes - ecology and behavior by Seigel, R. A. and J. T. Collins Science 262 1282 natural history, snakes Journal Article Greenfield, M. D.;Minckley, R. L. 1993 Acoustic dueling in tarbush grasshoppers: settlement of territorial contests via alternation of reliable signals Ethology 95 309-326 acoustic communication, calls-timing, competition, Insecta, playback, sexual selection, Journal Article Greenfield, M. D.;Roizen, I. 1993 Katydid synchronous chorusing is an evolutionarily stable outcome of female choice Nature 364 618-620 acoustic communication, sexual selection, calls-timing, competition, Insecta, Leptodactylidae, models, playback, Journal Article Greer, Allen E. 1993 Lineage-associated asymmetries in scale overlap patterns in squamates Herpetologica 49 3 318-326 evolution scales Journal Article Gregory, Patrick T.;Larsen, Karl W. 1993 Geographic variation in reproductive characteristics among Canadian populations of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) Copeia 1993 4 946-958 Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1993 Book Review: Snake of the World Reptile & Amphibian Magazine March/April 14-15 Journal Article Grier, James W.;Bjerke, Marty S.;Nolan, Lisa K. 1993 Snakes and the Salmonella situation Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 3 53-59 pituophis melanoleucus sayi elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata bothrops alternatus bothriechis schlegelii crotalus viridis Journal Article GRIFFITH, R. A.;DEWIJER, P.;BRADY, L. 1993 The effect of pH on embryonic and larval development in smooth and palmate newts, Triturus vulgaris and T. helveticus J Zool 230 401-409 Amphibia, urodela, newt, Triturus vulgaris, T. helveticus, development, environment, pH, acidity The distribution of smooth newts, Triturus vulgaris, and palmate newts, Triturus helveticus, in north-west Europe is related to geology and water quality. This study compared the development of the eggs and larvae of the two species under sublethal acidic and neutral conditions. Newt embryos raised under low pH hatched at an earlier stage of development, at a smaller size, and before those raised under neutral conditions. T. vulgaris hatched at a smaller size than T. helveticus, but pH did not affect the species differentially. Larvae of both species grew to a larger size under neutral than under acid conditions. Larvae raised in heterospecific pairs grew at least as well as those raised in conspecific pairs. Feeding was depressed under acid conditions, and reduced growth may therefore be associated with changes in the behaviour of newt larvae and their prey. Reprint Endnote 93/520 Journal Article Griffiths, R.A. 1993 The Effect of pH on Feeding Behaviour in Newt Larvae (Triturus, Amphibia) J Zool 231 Part 2 285-290 CONNECTICUT WOOD FROGS; ACID PRECIPITATION; AMBYSTOMA SALAMANDERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; EMBRYONIC MORTALITY; RANA-TEMPORARIA; GROWTH-RATES; ALUMINUM; TADPOLES; WATER Journal Article Griffiths, R.A.;Dewijer, P.;Brady, L. 1993 The Effect of pH on Embryonic and Larval Development in Smooth and Palmate Newts, Triturus vulgaris and T. helveticus J Zool 230 Part 3 401-409 CONNECTICUT WOOD FROGS; ACID PRECIPITATION; RANA-TEMPORARIA; AMBYSTOMA SALAMANDERS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; HABITAT SELECTION; AMPHIBIAN EMBRYOS; WATER CHEMISTRY; GROWTH-RATES; COMMON FROG Journal Article Griffiths, R. A.;Denton, J.;Wong., A. L. C. 1993 The effect of food level on competition in tadpoles: interference mediated by protothecan algae? Journal of Animal Ecology 62 274-279 Journal Article Griffiths, R. A.;Denton., J. 1993 Interspecific associations in tadpoles Animal Behaviour 44 1153-1157 Journal Article Griffths, Richard;Beebee, Trevor 1993 Decline and fall of the amphibians Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 7 6 Book Section Grigg, Gordon 1993 Twenty years of wondering and worrying about how crocodiles live in salt water Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 265-277 crocodylus porosus Book Section Grigg, G.;Gans, C. 1993 Morphology & physiology of the Crocodylia Fauna of Australia Canberra Australian Government Publishing Service 2A 326-340? CROC, anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, general, locomotion, feeding, temperature, gas, metabolism, osmoregulation, sensory, reproduction, Book Section Grigg, G.C. 1993 Twenty years of wondering and worrying about how crocodiles live in salt water Lunney, D. and Ayers, D. Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline. Transactions of the Royal Society of New South Wales 265-277 CPR, osmoregulation, physiology, Australia Journal Article Grigg, G.C.;Wells, R.M.G.;Beard, L.A. 1993 Allosteric control of oxygen binding by haemoglobin during embryonic development in the crocodile Crocodylus porosus: The role of red cell organic phosphates and carbon dioxide J. Exp. Biol. 175 15-32 CPR, embryology, metabolism, physiology, Australia Journal Article Grillitsch, Britta;Grillitsch, Heinz;Dubois, Alain;Splechtna, Heinz 1993 The tadpoles of the brown frogs Rana [graeca] graeca and Rana[graeca] italica (Amphibia, Anura) Alytes 11 4 117-139 morphology Book Section Grillitsch, Britta;Grillitsch, Heinz 1993 Typhlops vermicularis Merrem, 1820 - Wurmschlange oder Blödauge Böhme, Wolfgang Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden 3/I 15-32 Book Section Grillitsch, Britta;Grillitsch, Heinz 1993 Typhlopidae - Blindschlangen Böhme, Wolfgang Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden 3/I 13-14 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1993 The insular herpetofauna of the Pacific coast of Baja Califronia, México Herpetological Natural History 1 2 1-10 pacific islands geographic variation batrachoseps aneides uta eumeces cnemidophorus elgaria anniella pituophis hypsiglena crotalus sceloporus diadophis lampropeltis zonata herrarae salvadora lichanura hyla gambelia phrynosoma coleonyx leptotyphlops chilomeniscus dipsosaurus masticophis bufo callisaurus urosaurus eridiphas Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee;McGuire, Jimmy A. 1993 The oases of central Baja California, México, Part I. A preliminary account of the relict mesophile herpetofauna and the status of the oases Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 92 1 2-24 Journal Article Grismer, L. L.;McGuire, J. A. 1993 The oases of central Baja California, Mexico. Part I. A preliminary account of the relict mesophilic herpetofauna and the status of the oases Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 92 1 2-24 reptiles, amphibians, Journal Article Grismer, L. L.;McGuire, J. A. 1993 The oases of central Baja California, México. Part I. A preliminary account of the relict mesophilic herpetofauna and the status of the oases Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 92 2-24 Journal Article Griswold, Bill 1993 Care and captive breeding of North American ratsnakes Desert Monitor 23 3 11-14 elaphe guttata obsoleta bogertophis rosaliae subocularis bairdi emoryi vulpina senticolis Journal Article Griswold, Bill, IV 1993 Sometimes it's tricky: Feeding "difficult" snakes Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 12 6-8 Journal Article Griswold, Billy 1993 Pug-nosed pretenders: captive care and feeding of native hognose snakes Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 9 8 heterodon platirhinos simus Journal Article Gritis, Paul 1993 Book Review: The snakes of Iran Reptile & Amphibian magazine November/December 18-19 Journal Article Gritis, Paul 1993 The rough green snake: Aspects of its natural history and life in captivity Reptile & Amphibian Magazine March/April 55-57 Opheodrys aestivus vernalis Journal Article Gritis, Paul 1993 Book Review: Giant Lizards Reptile & Amphibian Magazine January/February 28-29 Journal Article Grobman, Arnold 1993 Ameiva exsul (ground lizard). Behavior Herpetological Review 24 4 150 Journal Article Grosch, Susanne 1993 Some ideas on how to keep anurans Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 7 4-7 Journal Article Grosch, Susanne 1993 African dwarf frogs Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 4 11 7 Journal Article Grossmann, Wolfgang 1993 Ungewöhnlich hohe populationsdichte bei Gekko monarchus (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) Sauria 15 1 13-16 Edited Book Gruschwitz, Michael;Kornacker, Paul M.;Podloucky, Richard;Völkl, Wolfgang;Waitzmann, Michael 1993 Verbreitung, Ökologie und Schutz der Schlangen Deutschlands und angrenzender Gebiete Bonn, Germany DGHT 3 431 Coronella austriaca; Elaphe longissima; Natrix natrix; Natrix tessellata; Vipera aspis; Vipera berus Journal Article Gruschwitz, Michael;Völkl, Wolfgang;Kornacker, Paul M.;Waitzmann, Michael;Podloucky, Richard;Fritz, Klemens;Günther, Rainer 1993 Die schlangen Deutschlands - Verbreitung und bestandssituation in den einzelnen Bundesländern [The snakes of Germany: distribution and status in the federal states] Mertensiella 3 7-38 Coronella austriaca; Elaphe longissima; Natrix natrix; Natrix tessellata; Vipera aspis; Vipera berus; Distribution; Status Journal Article Grychta, Udo 1993 Shinisaurus crocodilurusAhl, 1930 - Haltung, Ernährung, Geburt und neue Erkenntnisse über die Krokodilschwanzhöckerechse Sauria 15 1 9-10 Journal Article Guastalla, A.;Campantico, E.;Yamamoto, K.;Kobayashi, T.;Kikuyama, S. 1993 Immunocytochemical and Ultrastructural Study of Rana-Dalmatina PRL and GH Pituitary Cells During Larval Development Gen Comp Endocrinol 89 3 364-377 BULLFROG GROWTH-HORMONE; ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL CELLS; PROLACTIN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; PURIFICATION; GRANULES; TADPOLES; RATS Journal Article Guenther, Marybeth M.;Ferguson, Gary W.;Snell, Howard L.;Snell, Heidi 1993 The variation and genetic basis of dorsal color pattern in the desert side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana stejnegeri Journal of Herpetology 27 2 199-205 We investigated quantitative variations and inheritance of the dorsal color pattern of Ut stansburiana stejnegeri exclusive of the strongly sexually dichromatic spotting pattern. The color pattern was quantified by measuring both the variation in stripe width and the proportion of the body that was striped. Each measurement technique resulted in a single value representing the color pattern of each individual. There was no strong quantitative relationship between variations of the color pattern either of mothers and sons or mothers and daughters. Therefore, heritability, if present, could not be detected. However, the color patterns of mothers and daughters tended to be similar, but the color patterns of mothers and sons differed significantly. This suggests a genetic basis for previously documented adult difference in aspects of the dorsal color pattern not obviously related to social displays. Journal Article Guenther, M.M.;Ferguson, G.W.;Snell, H.L.;Snell, H. 1993 The Variation and Genetic Basis of Dorsal Color Pattern in the Desert Side-Blotched Lizard, Uta stansburiana-stejnegeri J Herpetol 27 2 199-205 POLYMORPHISM Journal Article Guilette, Louis J., Jr;Méndez-De La Cruz, Fausto R. 1993 The reproductive cycle of the viviparous Mexican lizard Sceloporus torquatus Journal of Herpetology 27 2 168-174 Journal Article Guilford, T.;Dawkins, M.S. 1993 Are Warning Colors Handicaps Evolution 47 2 400-416 Aposematism; Conventional Signalling Theory; Frequency-Dependence; Handicap Signalling Theory; Honesty; Mimicry; Unpalatable Prey; Warning Coloration; APOSEMATIC COLORATION; INDIVIDUAL SELECTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; KIN SELECTION; MARINE GASTROPODS; DISTASTEFUL PREY; TOAD TADPOLES; TRUE FITNESS; NAIVE BIRDS; EVOLUTION Journal Article Guillette, Louis J., Jr;Méndez-De La Cruz, Fausto R. 1993 The reproductive cycle of the viviparous Mexican lizard Sceloporus torquatus Journal of Herpetology 27 2 168-174 Journal Article Guillette, L.J. 1993 The Evolution of Viviparity in Lizards Bioscience 43 11 742-751 LACERTA-VIVIPARA; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; ARGININE VASOTOCIN; SCELOPORUS-AENEUS; MORPHOLOGY; REPTILES; OVIPOSITION; HYPOTHESIS; PREGNANCY Journal Article Guillette, L.J.;Mendezdelacruz, F.R. 1993 The Reproductive Cycle of the Viviparous Mexican Lizard Sceloporus-torquatus J Herpetol 27 2 168-174 POLYZONUS-POLYZONUS SAURIA; MATING-BEHAVIOR; JARROVI; GRAMMICUS; CORDYLIDAE Journal Article Guillette, L. J.;Mendezdelacruz, F. R. 1993 The reproductive cycle of the viviparous Mexican lizard Sceloporus torquatus J Herpetol 27 2 168-174 Reptilia, sauria, Mexican lizard,Sceloporus torquatus, propagation, reproductive cycle, vivipary The reproductive cycle of the lizard Sceloporus torquatus was determined using data obtained from field caught and museum specimens. Males exhibit testicular recrudescence during late summer and maximal testicular volumes occur during September and October. Similarly, females begin vitellogenesis in late summer, culminating in ovulation during November or December. Females are pregnant throughout the winter months with birth in April or early May. Average clutch size is 9.7 young. Neonates of both sexes are born early in summer, achieve adult size within five months and are thus capable of reproductive activity the first fall after birth. This study adds to the data that indicate that fall reproductive activity is the common reproductive strategy among viviparous lizards of the genus Sceloporus. Journal Article Guin, S.;Bandyopadhyay, A.;Jana, N.R.;Bhattacharya, S. 1993 Thyroid Hormone Stimulates Progesterone Release from the Ovary of a Fish, Anabas testudineus Curr Sci 64 5 327-329 FRESH-WATER PERCH; THYROXINE Book Guix, Juan Carlos 1993 Onça-pintada ou Jaguar? Sobre a utilização dos nomes populares de animais e platas no Brasil Lisboa Museu Nacional de História Natural 12, 1 plate Journal Article Gupta, R.C.;Bhardwaj, C.S. 1993 On the winter behaviour of Indian mugger (Crocodylus palustris) at Bhor Saidan Crocodile sanctuary in Haryana, India Geobios New Rpeorts CPL, behavior, temperature, Journal Article Gupta, R.C.;Bhardwaj, C.S. 1993 Reproductive behaviour of Indian mugger (Crocodylus palustris) at Bhor Saidan Crocodile sanctuary in Haryana, India J. Bonbay nat. Hist. soc. CPL, courtship, nest, behavior, Book Gurley, Russ 1993 A Color Guide to Tarantulas of the World Ada, OK Russ Gurley & Living Art 41 Tarantulas Journal Article Gurrola-Hidalgo, Marco A. 1993 Ash-throated flycatcher eats a Cnemidophorus lizard Southwestern Naturalist 38 2 179 communis anolis carolinensis Journal Article Gustafson, M.P. 1993 Intraguild Predation Among Larval Plethodontid Salamanders - A Field Experiment in Artificial Stream Pools Oecologia 96 2 271-275 Artificial Streams; Intraguild Predation; Plethodontidae; Salamanders; Size-Structured Populations; EURYCEA-BISLINEATA; METAMORPHOSIS Book Section Gutierrez, S.;Rodriguez, G. 1993 Efectos del momento de colecta de nidos de babas (Caiman Crocodilus c) en la tasa de eclosion Zoocria de los Crocodylia. Memorias de la I Reunion Regional del CSG, Grupo de Especialistas een Cocodrilos de la UICN: IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. ISBN 2-8317-01-47-3. 141-159 Journal Article Gutzke, W. H. N.;Tucker, C.;Mason, R. T. 1993 Chemical recognition of kingsnakes by crotalines: effects of size on the ophiophage defensive response Brain Behavior and Evolution 41 234-238 Agkistrodon piscivorus, cottonmouth, predation, behavior Book Section Guyer, C. 1993 The Reptile Fauna - Diversity and Ecology Mcdade, L.A.;Bawa, K.S.;Hespenheide, H.A. and Hartshorn, G.S. La Selva 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 Univ Chicago Press 210-216 Journal Article Guyer, Craig;Bailey, Mark A. 1993 Amphibians and reptiles of longleaf pine communities Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem: Ecology, Restoration and Management 18 139-158 Edited Book Guzik, Marek 1993 III Ogólnopolska Konferencja Herpetologiczna Kraków Zaklad Zoologii Instytutu Biologii 64 Journal Article Güntert, Marcel;Grossenbacher, Kurt;Huber, Charles;Aerni, Agathon;Morgenthaler, Hans Ulrich 1993 The E. A. Goeldi zoological collection in the Natural History Museum Bern: Comments on an inventory Jahrb. Naturhist. Mus. Bern 11 147-161 oxybelis goeldii hyla resinifictrix phrynohyas elosia lateristrigata hylodes megaelosia Journal Article Günther, Rainer;Bauer, Aaron M.;King, David 1993 Hemidactylus mabouia (Tropical House Gecko). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 24 2 66 geographic distribution Journal Article Gyuris, E. 1993 Factors That Control the Emergence of Green Turtle Hatchlings from the Nest Wildlife Res 20 3 345-353 CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD; PREDATION Book Section Haglund, Thomas R.;Buth, Donald G.;Lawson, Robin 1993 Allozyme variation and phylogenetic relationships of Asian, North American, and European Populations of the ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius Mayden, Richard L. Systematics, Historical Ecology, and North American Freshwater Fishes Stanford Stanford University Press 438-452 Journal Article Haigen, X.;Fengxiang, Y. 1993 Age classification and growth model of Phrynocephalus przewalskii Ecological Modelling 1-9 reptiles, lizards, population dynamics, body size Journal Article Hairston, N.G.;Wiley, R.H. 1993 No Decline in Salamander (Amphibia, Caudata) Populations - A 20-Year Study in the Southern Appalachians Brimleyana 18 59-64 Journal Article Hairston, N.G. 1993 On the Validity of the Name Teyahalee as Applied to a Member of the Plethodon glutinosus Complex (Caudata, Plethodontidae) - A New Name Brimleyana 18 65-69 Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G.;Wiley, R. Haven 1993 No decline in salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) populations: A twenty-year study in the southern Appalachians Brimleyana 18 59-64 amphibian decline plethodon jordani glutinosus desmognathus quadramaculatus monticola ochrophaeus aeneus Journal Article Hairston, Nelson G. 1993 On validity of the name teyahalee as applied to a member of the Plethodon glutinosus complex (Caudata: Plethodontidae): A new name Brimleyana 18 65-69 oconaluftee taxonomy Journal Article Hairston, N. G. Sr. 1993 On the validity of the name teyahalee as applied to a member of the Plethodon glutinosus complex (Caudata: Plethodontidae): A new name Brimleyana 18 65-69 Amphibia, Caudata, salamanders, nomenclature Journal Article Hairston, N. G. Sr.;Wiley, R. H. 1993 No decline in salamander (Amphibia: Caudata) populations: A twenty-year study in the southern Appalachians Brimleyana 18 59-64 Amphibia, Caudata, populations, abundance, histories, Plethodon, Desmognathus, salamanders Journal Article Halfpenny, Steve 1993 Spindly-leg syndrome American Dendrobatid Group Newsletter 1993 12 1-2 Journal Article Hall, M.O.;Bell, S.S. 1993 Meiofauna on the Seagrass Thalassia testudinum - Population Characteristics of Harpacticoid Copepods and Associations with Algal Epiphytes Mar Biol 116 1 137-146 MACROALGAE ASCOPHYLLUM-NODOSUM; REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; FUCUS-VESICULOSUS; PHYTAL MEIOFAUNA; COOK STRAIT; NOVA-SCOTIA; ASSEMBLAGES; COMPLEXITY; DENSITIES Journal Article Hall, Philip M.;Meier, Albert J. 1993 Reproduction and behavior of western mud snakes (Farancia abacura reinwardtii) in American alligator nests Copeia 1993 1 219-222 aligator mississippiensis Journal Article Hallas, O.;Villwock, W.;Renwrantz, L. 1993 Reactions of Lectins with Carbohydrates on the Erythrocytes of the Clawed Toad, Xenopus laevis Zoologische Jahrbucher - Abteilung Fur Allgemeine Zoologie und Physiologie der Tiere 97 4 265-276 VICIA-VILLOSA SEEDS; NIGRA L BARK; COMBINING SITE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS; DOLICHOS-BIFLORUS; BINDING SPECIFICITY; HELIX-POMATIA; PURIFICATION; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; HEMAGGLUTININ Book Section Halliger, Michael 1993 Reptiles on regenerating mine sites in western New South Wales Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 327-332 Journal Article Hamann, O. 1993 On Vegetation Recovery, Goats and Giant Tortoises on Pinta Island, Galapagos, Ecuador Biodivers Conserv 2 2 138-151 Galapagos; Pinta Island; Regeneration of Woody Plants; Feral Goats; Giant Tortoises; Ecological Diversity Journal Article Hammack, Stephen H. 1993 History & Captive propagation of the Andean milk snake (Lampropeltis triangulum andesiana) Captive Breeding 1 4 17-19;22-24 Lampropeltis triangulum andesiana Journal Article Hammerson, Geoffrey A.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Rana pipiens (Northern leopard frog). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 4 154 Journal Article Hammerson, Geoffrey A.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Thamnophis sirtalis (common garter snake). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 4 157 Journal Article Hanken, J.;Wake, D.B. 1993 Miniaturization of Body Size - Organismal Consequences and Evolutionary Significance Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24 501-519 Morphological Novelty; Progenesis; Dwarfism; Genome Size; Small Body Size; GENUS THORIUS AMPHIBIA; PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY; GENOME SIZE; FAMILY PLETHODONTIDAE; LUNGLESS SALAMANDERS; FEEDING ADAPTATIONS; VISUAL-SYSTEM; CELL-SIZE; HETEROCHRONY Journal Article Hanken, J. 1993 Model Systems Versus Outgroups - Alternative Approaches to the Study of Head Development and Evolution American Zoologist 33 4 448-456 FROG; LEPTODACTYLIDAE; EXPRESSION; PHYLOGENY; ONTOGENY; LAEVIS Journal Article Hanken, J.;Wake., D. B. 1993 Miniaturization of body size: organismal consequences and evolutionary significance Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24 501-519 Edited Book Hanken, James;Hall, Brian K. 1993 The Skull. Volume 1. Development Chicago University of Chicago Press xiv, 581 p. Edited Book Hanken, James;Hall, Brian K. 1993 The Skull. Volume 2. Patterns of Structural and Systematic Diversity Chicago University of Chicago Press xiv, 566 p. Edited Book Hanken, James;Hall, Brian K. 1993 The Skull. Volume 3. Functional and Evolutionary Mechanisms Chicago University of Chicago Press x, 460 p. Journal Article Harding, F.A.;Flajnik, M.F.;Cohen, N. 1993 MHC Restriction of T-Cell Proliferative Responses in Xenopus Dev Comp Immunol 17 5 425-437 Xenopus T-Cells; MHC Restriction; Antigen-Specific Proliferation; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLASS-II MOLECULES; AMPHIBIAN XENOPUS; CLONAL-DELETION; LAEVIS; LYMPHOCYTES; ANTIGENS; FROG; IDENTIFICATION; ALLOREACTIVITY Journal Article Hardwick, J.C.;Parsons, R.L. 1993 Mechanism of Staurosporine-Induced Decrease in Acetylcholine Receptor Recovery from Desensitization Br J Pharmacol 108 3 741-748 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors; Staurosporine; Desensitization; Protein Phosphorylation; Neuromuscular Junction; Single Channels; Mepc; FROG NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; SNAKE TWITCH; GARTER SNAKE; FIBERS Journal Article Hardy, David L. 1993 Extractors and stun guns Desert Monitor 23 1 14-23 snake bite treatment Journal Article Hardy, L.M. 1993 Activity and Reproductive Patterns of Amphibians and Reptiles from the Engare Ondare River Region of Central Kenya, During the Dry Season Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 106 4 740-748 Journal Article Harkavy, Roger 1993 Mole salamanders - genus Ambystoma Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1993 Sept/Oct. 6-17 tigrinum opacum annulatum jeffersonianum mexicanum captivity care Journal Article Hart, Sean;Manchester, Sharon 1993 Elaphe guttata emoryi (Great Plains rat snake). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 4 156 Journal Article Hartley, Simon 1993 Eine Methode zur Verbesserung der Vermehrung von Triturus montandoni (Boulenger 1880) Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schloß Bertholdsburg Schleusingen 7/8 153-155 Journal Article Harvey, M.B.;Smith, E.N. 1993 A new species of aquatic bufo (Anura, bufonidae) from cloud forests in the Serrania-de-Siberia, bolivia Proc Biol Soc Wash 106 3 442-449 Journal Article Harvey, M. B. 1993 Microstructure, ontogeny, and evolution of scale surfaces in Xenosaurid lizards J Morphol 216 2 161-177 Reptilia, sauria, Both scanning electron and light microscopy were used to examine the epidermal structure of scales taken from several ontogenetic stages of Xenosaurus grandis and Shinisaurus crocodilurus. In addition, scales from all xenosaurid species were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine scale surface variation among genera, species, and subspecies. A varied and phylogenetically informative morphology characterizes the scale surfaces of xenosaurid lizards. Scale surface morphology is conservative among the species and subspecies of Xenosaurus, but is more variable between the two xenosaurid genera. Their scale surfaces are characterized by folds in the oberhautchen, beta, mesos, and alpha epidermal layers, forming polygonal ridges of a type previously described for the Iguania. The three species of Xenosaurus possess lenticular scale organs, whereas Shinisaurus has scale organs with spikes (bristles). The spikes of Shinisaurus are formed by the beta and oberhautchen layers, with the alpha layer forming a dome-shaped cap over a dermal papilla. Shinisaurus crocodilurus exhibits a dramatic ontogenetic change in scale surface morphology, that is here reported for the first time in any lizard. Journal Article Harvey, M. B.;Smith, E. N. 1993 A new species of aquatic Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from cloud forests in the Serranía de Siberia, Bolivia Proceedings of the Bioological Society of Washington 106 442-449 South America, Tropics Journal Article Harvey-Clark, C. 1993 Midazolam fails to sedate painted turtles, Chrysemys picta Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 3 1 7-8 Journal Article Hasan, N.;Pandey, A. K.;Swarup, K. 1993 Response of serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels of Bufo andersoni to salmon calcitonin administration J Adv Zool 14 2 70-75 Amphibia, anura, Bufo andersoni, physiology, calcitonin, hypocalcaemia Intraperitoneal injection of salmon calcitonin (0.5 MRC unit/ 100 gm body weight, single dose) evokes significant hypocalcemia (P<0.001) and hypophosphatemia (P<0.02) in Bufo andersoni at 2 hours of the administration. Though hypocalcemia (P<0.02) persists even at 4 hours of the treatment, the serum inorganic phosphate value approaches normophosphatemia. Journal Article Hasegawa, Masami;Ogano, Taichi;Shoot, Kevin 1993 Consolidation and fragmentation of rice paddies, and their effects on herpetofauna Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 94 Journal Article Hasegawa, M. 1993 Demography, social structure, and sexual dimorphism of the lizard Eumeces okadae Physiology and Ecology Japan 29 248-263 demography, social structure, sexual dimorphism, lizard, Eumeces okadae Journal Article Hasen Didi, N. T. 1993 Observations on the nesting of a garden lizard (Calotes versicolor) in the Maldives Hamadryad 18 42 Journal Article Hass, C.A.;Maxson, L.R. 1993 Nonreciprocity in Immunological Studies - A Reply Syst Biol 42 2 210-215 NEOTROPICAL XENODONTINE SNAKES; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; ALBUMIN EVOLUTION; AMERICAN XENODONTINES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; SERUM-ALBUMIN; FROGS HYLIDAE; PHYLOGENY; MYOGLOBINS Journal Article Hass, Carla Ann;Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Maxson, Linda R. 1993 Immunological insights into the evolutionary history of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): relationships of the Seychellean caecilians and a preliminary report on family-level relationships Herpetological Monographs 7 56-63 serum albumin mcf biogeography plate tectonics seychelles islands grandisonia hypogeophis praslinia dermophis schistometopum caecilia typhlonectes caeciliaidae typhlonectidae ichthyophiidae rhinatrematidae gymnophiona systematics taxonomy Journal Article Hass, Carla A.;Hedges, S. Blair;Maxson, Linda R. 1993 Molecular insights into the relationships and biogeography of West Indian anoline lizards Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 21 1 97-114 Journal Article Hasumi, Matsato;Hasegawa, Yoshinori;Iwasawa, Hisaaki 1993 Long-term maintenance of egg-fertilizability in water in the salamander Hynobius nigrescens Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 71-73 Journal Article Hasumi, M.;Iwasawa, H.;Nagahama, Y. 1993 Seasonal Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Sex Steroids in the Salamander Hynobius-Nigrescens Gen Comp Endocrinol 90 1 51-57 ANNUAL CYCLE; CYNOPS-PYRRHOGASTER; PLEURODELES-WALTL; OVARIAN FOLLICLES; ESTROGEN-LEVELS; BUFO-JAPONICUS; GONADOTROPINS; ANDROGEN; TOAD; NEWT Journal Article Hasumi, M.;Iwasawa, H. 1993 Geographic Variation in the Pes of the Salamander Hynobius lichenatus - A Comparison with Tetradactyl Hynobius hidamontanus and Pentadactyl Hynobius nigrescens Zoological Science 10 6 1017-1027 NEOTROPICAL SALAMANDER; MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION; GENUS BOLITOGLOSSA; REDUCTION; FOOT Journal Article Hatcher, Ronnie E. 1993 Malacochersus tornieri: The pancake tortoise and its eggs Notes From NOAH 21 1 2-7 Journal Article Havelin, Michael F. 1993 Controlled photography of herps Vivarium 5 1 22-25 Journal Article Havenhand, J. N. 1993 Egg to juvenile period, generation time, and the evolution of larval type in marine invertebrates Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 97 247-260 Journal Article Hayashi, Terutake 1993 The rate of shrinkage in preserved specimens of the Japanese newt Cynops pyrrhogaster Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 81 Journal Article Hayes, T.;Chan, R.;Licht, P. 1993 Interactions of Temperature and Steroids on Larval Growth, Development, and Metamorphosis in a Toad (Bufo boreas) J Exp Zool 266 3 206-215 THYROID-HORMONE; THYROXINE; TADPOLES; INVITRO; SECRETION; BULLFROG; INVIVO; CELLS; FROG; ACTH Journal Article Hayes, William K. 1993 Effects of hunger on striking, prey-handling, and venom expenditure of prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus v. viridis) Herpetologica 49 3 305-310 envenomation Journal Article Hayes, Floyd E. 1993 Do aggregating frogs benefit from increased vigilance? Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 1 4-7 Journal Article Hayes, T. B.;Chan, R.;Licht., P. 1993 Interaction of temperature and steroids on larval growth, development, and metamorphosis in a toad (Bufo boreas). Journal of Experimental Zoology 266 206-215 Journal Article Hayes, T. B.;Chan, R.;Licht., P. 1993 Interactions of temperature and steroids on larval growth, development, and metamorphosis in a toad (Bufo boreas) Journal of Experimental Zoology 266 206-215 Journal Article Hayesodum, L.A.;Jones, D. 1993 Effects of Drought on American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in Texas Tex J Sci 45 2 182-185 Journal Article Hays, G.C.;Adams, C.R.;Speakman, J.R. 1993 Reproductive Investment by Green Turtles Nesting on Ascension-Island Can J Zool 71 6 1098-1103 OPTIMAL EGG SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; BODY SIZE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION; BALANCE; LIZARD Journal Article Hays, Graeme G.;Speakman, John R. 1993 Nest placement by loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta Anim. Behav. 45 47-53 Journal Article Hays, G. C.;Adams, C. R.;Speakman, J. R. 1993 Reproductive investment by green turtles nesting on Ascension Island Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 1098-1103 green; Ascension Island Journal Article Hays, G.C.;Speakman, J.R. 1993 Nest placement by loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta Animal Behaviour 45 47-53 loggerhead; conservation Journal Article Heald, D. 1993 Mystery Frog New Sci 138 1868 46 Journal Article Healger, M. G.;Newman, M. C.;Mulvey, M.;Dixon, P. M. 1993 Allozyme genotype in mosquitofish, Gambusia Holbrooki, during Mercury exposure: Temporal stability, concentration effects and field verification Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12 385-395 gene frequency stability Journal Article Heard, D. J. 1993 Principles and techniques of anesthesia and analgesia for exotic practice Vet Clin N Amer Small Anim 23 6 1301-1327 mammalia, artiodactyla, carnivora, insectivora, lagomorpha, primates, reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, Reprint Endnote 94/32 Journal Article Heckes, Ullrich;Gruber, Hans-Jürgen;Haft, Jan 1993 Verbreitung, habitateinbindung und gefährdung der kreuzotter Vipera berus (Linnaeus 1758) in Südbayern [Distribution, habitats and threats to the adder (Vipera berus) in Southern Bavaria] Mertensiella 3 331-342 Vipera berus; Southern bavaria; Distribution; habitats; Threats; Conservation Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Maxson, Linda R. 1993 A molecular perspective on Lissamphibian phylogeny Herpetological Monographs 7 27-42 anura caudata gymnophiona systematics taxonomy ribosomal rna rrna Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Maxson, Linda R. 1993 Caecilian phylogeny and biogeography inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Herpetological Monographs 7 64-76 molecular ribosomal plate tectonics seychelles gymnophiona systematics taxonomy Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Garrido, Orlando H. 1993 A new species of gecko (Sphaerodactylus) from central Cuba Journal of Herpetology 27 3 300-306 richardi storeyae oliveri scaber Journal Article Hedges, S.B. 1993 Global Amphibian Declines - A Perspective from the Caribbean Biodivers Conserv 2 3 290-303 West-Indies; Frog; Extinctions Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Hass, Carla Ann;Maxson, Linda R. 1993 Relations of fish and tetrapods Nature 363 10 501-502 Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Woods, Charles A. 1993 Caribbean hot spot Nature 364 375 Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Bezy, Robert L. 1993 Phylogeny of xantusiid lizards: Concern for data and analysis Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2 1 76-87 Journal Article Hedrick, Philip W. 1993 Sex-dependent habitat selection and genetic polymorphism The American Naturalist 141 491-500 Journal Article Heideman, N. J. L. 1993 Does crypsis reduce predation pressure in agama lizards? Evidence from tail damage Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 195-198 Journal Article Heimes, Peter 1993 Die kreuzotter (Vipera b. berus L. 1758) im Spessart [The adder in the Spessart] Mertensiella 3 325-330 Vipera berus; Spessart; Distribution; Habitat preferences Journal Article Heinen, J.T. 1993 Substrate Choice and Predation Risk in Newly Metamorphosed American Toads Bufo americanus - An Experimental Analysis Amer Midland Naturalist 130 1 184-192 HABITAT SELECTION; SALAMANDER LARVAE; GARTER SNAKES; TRADE-OFF; BEHAVIOR; PREY; EFFICIENCY; AVOIDANCE; HAZARD; FISHES Journal Article Heinen, Joel T. 1993 Book Review: Biology, Status & Management of the timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus): A guide for conservation Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 11 6-7 Journal Article Heinen, Joel T. 1993 Substrate choice and predation risk in newly metamorphosed American toads Bufo americanus: An experimental analysis American Midland Naturalist 130 184-192 substrate, predation risk, American toads, Bufo americanus Journal Article Heinrich, George;Richardson, Diane E. 1993 Kinosternon flavescens (yellow mud turtle). Multiple nesting Herpetological Review 24 1 31 Journal Article Hejlicek, K.;Treml, F. 1993 Epizootology and Pathogenesis of Avian Mycobacteriosis of Collared Turtle-Dove (Streptopelia Sp) Vet Med-Czech 38 10 619-628 Streptopelia Sp; Avian Mycobacteriosis; Pathogenesis; Experimental Infection Book Hemming, John;Ratter, James 1993 Maracá: Rainforest Island London Macmillan 134 Journal Article Henderson, Robert W. 1993 Foraging and diet in West Indian Corallus enydris (Serpentes: Boidae) Journal of Herpetology 27 1 24-28 food prey shift ontogeny diet microhabitat Journal Article Henderson, Robert W. 1993 On the diets of some arboreal boids Herpetological Natural History 1 1 91-96 chondropython viridis corallus enydris morelia caninus Journal Article Henderson, Robert W. 1993 Nights to remember Sonoran Herpetologist 6 12 118-119 Journal Article Henderson, Robert W. 1993 Albert Schwartz (1923-1992): A memoriam Herpetological Natural History 1 2 95-97 Journal Article Henderson, Robert W. 1993 Albert Schwartz Iguana Times 2 2 20-21 Journal Article Henderson, R. W. 1993 Corallus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 572 1-2 Journal Article Henderson, R. W. 1993 Corallus annulatus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 573 1-3 Journal Article Henderson, R. W. 1993 Corallus caninus Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 574 1-4 Journal Article Henderson, R. W.;Puorto, G. 1993 Corallus cropanii Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 575 1-2 Journal Article Henderson, R. W. 1993 Corallus enydris Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 576 1-6 Journal Article Henderson, Robert W.;Bourgeois, Robert W. 1993 Notes on the diets of West Indian Liophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) Caribbean Journal of Science 29 3-4 253-254 Journal Article Hengstberger, S.G.;Hyatt, A.D.;Speare, R.;Coupar, B.E.H. 1993 Comparison of Epizootic Haematopoietic Necrosis and Bohle Iridoviruses, Recently Isolated Australian Iridoviruses Disease Aquat Org 15 2 93-107 PERCA-FLUVIATILIS L; FROG VIRUS-3; REDFIN PERCH; PURIFICATION; CELLS; FISH Journal Article Henkel, Fredrich Wilhelm 1993 Notes on the Diplodactyline gecko genus Rhacdactylus (Fitzinger, 1843), observations in the wild as well as aspects of captive husbandry and breeding Dactylus 1 4 22-32 trachyrhynchus leachianus new caledonia morphology behavior parental care egg deposition reproduction ciliatus auriculatus chahoua ciliatus sarasinorum habitat Book Section Henle, Klaus 1993 Issues in Australian herpetology: A view from abroad Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 366-371 Journal Article Henry, Brenda 1993 Theif strikes local store. Little Ocean strikes back Oregon Herpetological Society Newsletter 31 1 Journal Article Hensley, F.R. 1993 Ontogenetic loss of phenotypic plasticity of age at metamorphosis in tadpoles Ecology 74 8 2405-2412 Amphibia; Anura; Complex Life Cycle; Developmental Constraint; Larval Ecology; Metamorphosis; Optimal Body Size; Phenotypic Plasticity; Pseudacris-Crucifer; Wilbur-Collins Model; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; SIZE; HISTORY; TIME; BULLFROG; MATURITY Journal Article Herman, S. 1993 Diminishing Delinquency in Tortoises Br Med J 306 6882 934 Journal Article Herman, Dennis W. 1993 Reproduction and management of the southeast Asian spiny turtle (Heosemys spinosa) in captivity Herpetological Natural History 1 1 97-100 Journal Article Herman, Dennis W.;Tryon, Bern W.;Boynton, Allen C. 1993 Clemmys muhlenbergii (bog turtle). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 4 154 Journal Article Herman, Dennis W.;Boynton, Allen C. 1993 Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum (Eastern mud turtle). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 24 4 154 Journal Article Hermes-Lima, M.;Storey, K. B. 1993 In vitro oxidative inactivation of glutathione S-transferase from a freeze tolerant reptile Mol Cell Biochem 124 2 149-58 Adaptation, Physiological; Animal; Azides/pharmacology; Catalase/*physiology; Colubridae/*physiology; Edetic Acid/pharmacology; Enzyme Activation/drug effects; Free Radicals; Freezing; Glutathione Transferase/isolation & purification/*metabolism; Mercaptoethanol/pharmacology; Muscle Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism; Oxidation-Reduction; Reactive Oxygen Species; Succimer/pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't We have previously reported that when garter snakes. Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, a freeze tolerant species, were exposed to 5 h freezing at -2.5 degrees C organs showed increases in the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, especially catalase in skeletal muscle. This was interpreted to be an adaptation to deal with the potentially injurious postischemic situation of thawing. The present work analyzes in vitro oxidative inactivation of a possible target of postischemic-induced free radical damage, the secondary anti-oxidant defense glutathione-S transferase, and the protective role of endogenous catalase. Approximately 50% of GST activity from snake muscle homogenates was lost within 2 min after addition of H2O2 plus Fe(II) (0.4-2 mM) in media containing azide whereas addition of iron alone resulted in no damaging effects. The opposing effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and EDTA in modifying this process strongly suggested the involvement of .OH radicals in the GST inactivation. A partial recovery of the activity was promoted by mercaptoethanol, indicating that sulphydryl groups oxidation participate in the mechanism of GST inactivation. Pre- incubation of the reaction media containing H2O2 caused protection of the GST activity only in the absence of azide, indicating that endogenous catalase modulates the extent of oxyradical damage. The protective pre-incubation effect was more efficacious when employing homogenates from lung and liver, organs that have higher catalase activities, as well as homogenates from freezing-exposed muscle (that show an 80% increase in catalase activity, compared with control). The protection against GST inactivation observed in muscle from frozen snakes demonstrates that increased anti-oxidant defenses during freezing exposure can be a key factor in controlling in vitro oxyradical damage. The implications for natural freeze tolerance are discussed. Journal Article Hermes-Lima, M.;Storey, K. B. 1993 Antioxidant defenses in the tolerance of freezing and anoxia by garter snakes Am J Physiol 265 3 Pt 2 R646-52 *Adaptation, Physiological; Animal; Anoxia/*metabolism/*physiopathology; Enzymes/*metabolism; *Freezing; Glutathione/metabolism; Liver/metabolism; Lung/metabolism; Muscles/metabolism; Oxygen/*antagonists & inhibitors; Snakes; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tissue Distribution The garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis can readily tolerate several hours of freezing or anoxia exposure. Both stresses halt oxygen availability to tissues and to endure these stresses snakes must cope with potential oxidative stress arising as a result of the ischemic/anoxic condition followed by reperfusion of aerated blood during recovery. To determine whether antioxidant defenses are important for freezing and anoxia survival, we monitored the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of glutathione (GSH and GSSG) during freezing (5 h at -2.5 degrees C) and anoxia (10 h under N2 gas at 5 degrees C) exposures in three organs (muscle, liver, and lung) of snakes. Freezing resulted in a significant rise in the activity of muscle and lung catalase (by 183 and 63%) and in muscle glutathione peroxidase (52%). Anoxia enhanced muscle and liver superoxide dismutase activities (by 59 and 118%) and also caused a 57% increase in muscle GSH levels. The increase in muscle GSH concentration in anoxia (from 0.45 to 0.71 mM) could also stimulate muscle glutathione peroxidase activity in vivo by 1.5-fold because of its low affinity for GSH (Km = 11 mM). The ratio of GSSG/GSH was not affected by experimental state in any tissue, suggesting that oxidative stress did not occur during the freezing or anoxic exposure. Rather, H2O2- and O2(-)-detoxification systems may be activated in preparation for possible oxygen free radical overgeneration during thawing or reoxygenation. Antioxidant defenses appear to be part of the adaptive machinery for reptilian tolerance of freezing and anoxia. Journal Article Herrero, Pilar;López-Jurado, Luis F.;Arano, Begoña;García-Paris, Mario 1993 Karyotype analyses and nuclear DNA content of Bufo brongersmai Hoogmoed Journal of Herpetology 27 4 463-465 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Madagassische frösche TI Magazin 1993 116 46-54 mantella aurantiaca betsileo crocea expectata haraldmeieri laevigata madagascariensis viridis Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Ruder- und Riedfrösche [Tree- and Reedfrogs] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 144 hyperolidae rhacophoridae Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Laubfrösche [Treefrogs] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 160 hylidae Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Ruder- und Riedfruosche. Baumfrösche mit interessantem Verhalten für attraktive Terrarien Melle, Germany Tetra 144 Rhacophoridae; Hyperolidae Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Laubfrösche: Zucht und Haltung der beliebtesten Froschlurche im Terrarium Melle, Germany Tetra 160 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Zur Mikromorphologie der dorsalen Epithelwarzen von Bufo asper Gravenhorst 1768 Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schloß Bertholdsburg Schleusingen 7/8 158-159 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Einige Bemerkungen zur Bioakustik der Grünkröten Bufo viridis Komplexes Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schloß Bertholdsburg Schleusingen 7/8 156-158 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1993 Abwehrverhalten bei Triturus montandoni (Boulenger 1880) Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schloß Bertholdsburg Schleusingen 7/8 155 Journal Article Hersteinsson, P.;Gunnarsson, E.;Hjartardottir, S.;Skirnisson, K. 1993 Prevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies in terrestrial mammals in Iceland, 1986 to 1989 J Wildlife Dis 29 2 341-344 Mammalia, carnivora, arctic foxes, Alopex lagopus, feral mink, Mustela vision, rodentia, wood mice, Apodemus sylvaticus, house mouse, Mus musculus, infection, protozoa, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, epidemiology Antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in wild arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus), feral mink (Mustela vision), wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) and house mice (Mus musculus) in Iceland. Animals with antibodies were found throughout the country. No lesions attributable to encephalitozoonosis were found in adult animals necropsied. However, one arctic fox cub with a neurological disorder had pathological and serological evidence of encephalitozoonosis. Journal Article Hertz, P.E.;Huey, R.B.;Stevenson, R.D. 1993 Evaluationg Temperature Regulation by Field-Active Ectotherms - The Fallacy of the Inappopriate Question American Naturalist 142 5 796-818 LIZARD LACERTA-VIVIPARA; IGUANA CONOLOPHUS-PALLIDUS; GALAPAGOS LAND IGUANAS; BODY-TEMPERATURE; GARTER SNAKES; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; ANOLIS LIZARDS; THERMAL ENVIRONMENT; SCELOPORUS-MERRIAMI; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Huey, R. B.;Stevenson, R. D. 1993 Evaluating temperature regulation by field-active ectotherms: The fallacy of the inappropriate question The American Naturalist 142 5 796-818 reptiles, lizards, body, thermoregulation, performance, thermal biology Journal Article Hertz, P. E.;Huey, R. B.;Stevenson, R. D. 1993 Evaluating temperature regulation by field-active ectotherms: the fallacy of the inappropriate question American Naturalist 142 796-818 thermoregulation, field studies, ectotherm, reptile, question Journal Article Heulin, B.;Guillaume, Cl.;Bea, A.;Arrayago, M. J. 1993 Inerpretation biogeographique de la bimodalite de reproduction du lezard Lacerta vivipera - Jacquin - (Sauria, Lacertidae): un modele pour l'etude de l'evolution de la viviparite Biogeographica 69 1 3-13 Reptiles, lizards, biogeography, reproduction, viviparity, model, evolution, Quarternary glaciations Journal Article Hews, Diana K. 1993 Food resources affect female distribution and male mating opportunities in the iguanian lizard Uta palmeri Anim. Behav. 46 279-291 Edited Book Heyer, W. Ronald;Donnelly, Maureen A.;McDiarmid, Roy W.;Hayek, Lee-Ann C.;Foster, Mercedes S. 1993 Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Amphibians Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution xix + 364 Journal Article Higashizono, Sueo;Isogawa, Kiyoshi 1993 Sperm viability in the female reproductive tract of the Japanese mamushi, Agkistrodon b. blomhoffi Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 92 Journal Article Highfield, Andy C. 1993 An effective method of artifical incubation for mediterranean tortoise eggs Vivarium 5 1 15-17 captive care testudo hermanni Journal Article Hikida, Tsutomu 1993 Phylogenetic relationships of the skinks of the genus Eumeces (Scincidae: Reptilia) from East Asia Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 1 1-21 parsimony neighbor joining latiscutatus systematics taxonomy okadae barbouri marginatus stimpsonii elegans capito tunganus liui popei chinensis pilcher kishinouyei leucostictus formosensis tamdaoensis fasciatus inexpectatus laticeps obsoletus quadrilineatus morphology distribution Journal Article Hikida, Tsutomu 1993 Roosting sites of the Borean water skink, Tropidophorus brookei (Reptilia: Scincidae) Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 89-90 Journal Article Hillis, David M.;Ammerman, Loren K;Dixon, Michael T.;Sá, Rafael O. De 1993 Ribosomal DNA and the phylogeny of frogs Herpetological Monographs 7 118-131 Anura, systematics Journal Article Hirakawa, T.;Honda, E.;Toyoshima, K.;Tomo, S.;Nakahara, S. 1993 Glossopharyngeal-Hypoglossal Nerve Reflex of the Frog in Metamorphosis Arch Oral Biol 38 2 123-129 Glossopharyngeal Nerve; Hypoglossal Nerve; Reflex; Metamorphosis; Frog; TONGUE Journal Article Hirata, Toru;Ota, Hidetoshi 1993 Predation on snails by the pareatine snake Pareas iwasakii Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 90-91 Journal Article Hirth, H.F.;Kasu, J.;Mala, T. 1993 Observations on a Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea Nesting Population Near Piguwa, Papua-New-Guinea Biol Conserv 65 1 77-82 Papua-New-Guinea; Leatherback Turtle; Turtle Conservation Book Section Hirth, H F 1993 Marine turtles Hill, A Wright and L Nearshore Marine Resources of the South Pacific: Information for Fisheries Development and Management Institute of Pacific Studies, Suva; Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara; International Centre for Ocean Development, Canada 329-370 sea turtle Journal Article Hirth, H.H.;Kasu, J.;Mala, T. 1993 Observations on a leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea nesting population near Piguwa, Papua New Guinea Biological Conservation 65 77-82 leatherback; Papua New Guinea; conservation Journal Article Hirunagi, K.;Rommel, E.;Oksche, A.;Korf, H. W. 1993 Vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive cerebrospinal fluid- contacting neurons in the reptilian lateral septum/nucleus accumbens Cell Tissue Res 274 1 79-90 Animal; Cerebral Ventricles/anatomy & histology/metabolism; Immunohistochemistry; Neurons/metabolism; Nucleus Accumbens/anatomy & histology/*metabolism; Photoreceptors/anatomy & histology/metabolism; Reptiles/anatomy & histology/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism; Septum Pellucidum/anatomy & histology/*metabolism; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*metabolism By means of immunocytochemical demonstration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons was found in a circumscribed region of the nucleus accumbens/lateral septum of eleven reptilian (chelonian, lacertilian, ophidian, crocodilian) species. Basal processes of these cells contribute to a subependymal plexus whose density displays considerable interspecific variation. VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers occur also in the lateral septum and the nucleus accumbens where they encompass immunonegative cells in a basket-like pattern. The CSF-contacting neurons are surrounded by columnar ependymocytes frequently arranged in a pseudostratified manner. These specialized arrays of ependymal cells, however, occupy a more extended area than the VIP-immunoreactive CSF- contacting neurons and can be traced from the rostro-ventral pole of the lateral ventricle to the interventricular foramen. These observations suggest the existence of a telencephalic site of CSF- contacting neurons which may be more widespread than hitherto thought and which may participate in a circumventricular system of the lateral ventricle. Previous studies mainly performed with birds indicate that the VIP-immunoreactive CSF-contacting neurons of the nucleus accumbens might form a part of the "encephalic" (extraretinal and extrapineal) photoreceptor. However, further experiments are required to test this supposition since the VIP-immunoreactive neurons of the nucleus accumbens remained unlabeled by antibodies against bovine rodopsin and chicken cone-opsin in all eleven species analysed in this investigation. Journal Article Hitchiner, Jim 1993 Herp reproduction at Roger Williams Park Zoo Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 5 10 6-7 dendrobates auratus lampropeltis tringulum stuarti azureus Journal Article Hobbs, Lee L.;may, Paula A. 1993 A Testudo kleinmanni breeding Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 11 233-235 Journal Article Hochleithner, M. 1993 Isoflurane Anesthesia in Birds and Reptiles Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr 80 4 102-105 Anesthesia; Isoflurane; Birds; Reptiles; KETAMINE Journal Article HOCHLEITHNER, M. 1993 Isofluran(Forane(r)) Narkose bei Vögeln und Reptilien Wien. Tierärztl. Mschr. 80 4 102-105 Aves, psittaciformes, passeriformes, Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, anesthesia, Isofluran The own experience on isoflurane anesthesia in birds (approximately 5000) and reptiles (approximately 50) is reported. A short review of literature about anesthesia in birds and reptiles is also given. Reprint Endnote 93/427 Journal Article HOCHLEITHNER, M. 1993 Isofluran(Forane(r)) Narkose bei Vögeln und Reptilien Wien. Tierärztl. Mschr. 80 4 102-105 Aves, psittaciformes, passeriformes, Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, anesthesia, Isofluran The own experience on isoflurane anesthesia in birds (approximately 5000) and reptiles (approximately 50) is reported. A short review of literature about anesthesia in birds and reptiles is also given. Reprint Endnote 93/427 Journal Article Hofer, M.;Hirschel, B.;Kirschner, P.;Beghetti, M.;Kaelin, A.;Siegrist, C.A.;Suter, S.;Teske, A.;Bottger, E.C. 1993 Disseminated Osteomyelitis from Mycobacterium-ulcerans After a Snakebite - Brief Report N Engl J Med 328 14 1007-1009 IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION Journal Article Hofer, Ulrich 1993 Zur situation der schlingnatter (Coronella austriaca, Laurenti 1768) in der Schweiz [On the status of the smooth snake (Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768) in Switzerland] Mertensiella 3 91-104 distribution habitats status Journal Article Hofer, Ulrich 1993 Zur situation der schlingnatter (Coronella austriaca Laurenti 1768) in der Schweiz [On the status of the smooth snake (Cononella austriaca Laurenti 1768) in Switzerland] Mertensiella 3 91-104 Coronella austriaca; Switzerland; Distribution; Habitats; Status Journal Article Hofer, M.;Hirschel, B.;Kirschner, P.;Beghetti, M.;Kaelin, A.;Siegrist, C. A.;Suter, S.;Teske, A.;Bottger, E. C. 1993 Brief report: disseminated osteomyelitis from Mycobacterium ulcerans after a snakebite [see comments] N Engl J Med 328 14 1007-9 Journal Article Hoff, K.V.;Hillyard, S.D. 1993 Toads Taste Sodium with Their Skin - Sensory Function in a Transporting Epithelium J Exp Biol 183 347-351 Amiloride; Toad; Hydration Behavior; Bufo-Punctatus; ACTIVE ION-TRANSPORT; BUFO-PUNCTATUS; AMPHIBIAN SKIN; TRANSDUCTION; POLYPEPTIDES Journal Article Hoff, K.V.;Hillyard, S.D. 1993 Inhibition of Cutaneous Water Absorption in Dehydrated Toads by Saralasin Is Associated with Changes in Barometric Pressure Physiol Zool 66 1 89-98 BUFO-PUNCTATUS; ANGIOTENSIN Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Eumeces obsoletus (Great Plains Skink). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 2 66 geographic distribution Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Terrapene ornata ornata (ornate box turtle). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 3 108 Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993 Sceloporus undulatus garmani (Northern prairie lizard). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 24 4 155 Journal Article Holm, Peter 1993 Rhadinea montecristi (NCN). Honduras: Comayagua Herpetological Review 24 2 68 geographic distribution Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1993 Herptiles from the type hoxnian (Middle Pleistocene Interglacial Stage) at Hoxne, Suffolk British Herpetological Society Bulletin 43 33-35 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1993 Pleistocene herpetofauna of Westbury-Sub-Mendip Cave, England Cranium 10 2 87-96 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1993 Late Pleistocene Turtle Remains (Reptilia: Testudines) from Southern Michigan Michigan Academician 25 491-499 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1993 British Quaternary herpetofaunas: A history of adaptations to Pleistocene disruptions Herpetological Journal 3 1-7 Journal Article Holmes, F.L. 1993 The Old Martyr of Science - The Frog in Experimental Physiology J Hist Biol 26 2 311-328 Journal Article Holmgren, N.;Lundberg, S. 1993 Despotic Behaviour and the Evolution of Migration Patterns in Birds Ornis Scand 24 2 103-109 JUNCOS JUNCO-HYEMALIS; LEAP-FROG MIGRATION; SPRING PREDICTABILITY; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; SEX-RATIO; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES; MIGRANT Journal Article Holmstrom, Bill 1993 Snake bite! Rep-Tales 1 4 7 Journal Article Holt, C.B. 1993 Antifreeze Protein in Snake Venom Nature 363 6431 678 ICE; RECRYSTALLIZATION Journal Article Holtzman, D. A.;Gordon, E.;Halpern, M. 1993 Developmental changes in cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of embryonic and neonatal garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis spp.) J Morphol 218 3 323-32 Aging/metabolism; Animal; Animals, Newborn/*metabolism; Colubridae/embryology/growth & development/*metabolism; Cytochrome-c Oxidase/*metabolism; Histocytochemistry; Olfactory Bulb/*embryology/*enzymology/growth & development; Staining; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tissue Distribution Developmental studies examining the changes in oxidative metabolic activity are useful for understanding how and if the vomeronasal and olfactory systems respond to stimulation during embryogenesis. Garter snakes are good candidates for examining the potential functionality of the vomeronasal system in utero. In adult garter snakes, the vomeronasal system mediates many behaviors. Neonatal garter snakes exhibit these same behaviors, and the vomeronasal system has been shown to mediate feeding behavior in neonates. Using cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, we examined changes in the oxidative metabolic activity of main and accessory olfactory bulbs of embryonic and neonatal garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis and T. s. parietalis). Cytochrome oxidase staining is greater in the accessory olfactory bulb than in the main olfactory bulb of embryonic garter snakes. However, neonates show no differences in the staining of the accessory and main olfactory bulbs, suggesting a change in the stimulation of the main olfactory bulb after birth. This is the first report of cytochrome oxidase histochemistry in reptiles and in the vomeronasal system of embryonic vertebrates. Journal Article Honda, E.;Toyoshima, K.;Hirakawa, T.;Nakahara, S. 1993 Changes in Physiological Properties of Frog Taste Cells Following Denervation Chemical Senses 18 6 703-712 GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE; BUDS; DEGENERATION; TRANSECTION; RESPONSES Journal Article Honour, S.M.;Ayroud, M.;Wheler, C. 1993 Metastatic Chondrosarcoma and Subcutaneous Granulomas in a Grey Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta) Can Vet J 34 4 238-240 Journal Article Honrubia, M.P.;Herraez, M.P.;Alvarez, R. 1993 The Carbamate Insecticide ZZ-Aphox(R) Induced Structural Changes of Gills, Liver, Gall-Bladder, Heart, and Notochord of Rana perezi Tadpoles Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 25 2 184-191 ORGANO-PHOSPHORUS; EMBRYOS; MALATHION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS; TOXICITY; DEFECTS; FROGS; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BIOCONCENTRATION; TERATOGENESIS Journal Article Hoogmoed, Marinus S. 1993 Book Review: Die Amphibien Europas Amphibia-Reptilia 14 4 429 Book Section Hoogmoed, M. S. 1993 The herpetofauna of floating meadows Ouboter, P. E. Freshwater ecosystems of Suriname The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers 199-213 tropics, Suriname, reptiles, amphibians Journal Article Hoppe, Dave 1993 A seed-swallowing racer (Coluber constrictor spermophilus?) Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 3 23 Journal Article Hoque, B.;Saidapur, S.K.;Pancharatna, K. 1993 Melatonin Suppresses Compensatory Hypertrophy and Follicular Development in the Unilaterally Ovariectomized Bullfrog Rana tigrina - A Detailed Analysis of Follicular Kinetics Zool Anz 230 3-4 85-93 Melatonin; Ovary; Rana-Tigrina; TOAD BUFO-MELANOSTICTUS; OVARIAN CYCLE; PINEAL-GLAND; FROG; CYANOPHLYCTIS; RECRUITMENT; INJECTIONS; OVIDUCT; GROWTH Journal Article Horne, Brian D. 1993 Courtship behavior and oviposition of captive Acanthochelys pallidipectoris Freiberg Herpetological Review 24 1 25 platemys Book Section Horning, D. S., Jr 1993 The amphibians and reptiles in Macleay Museum University of Sydney Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 227-228 Journal Article Horton, Jim 1993 The care of small desert lizards in captivity Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 5 8 5-7 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1993 Notes on feeding interactions in Australian reptiles Herpetofauna 23 1 32-35 varanus varius acanthophis pyrrhus demansia psammophis hemiaspis signata pseudechis porphyriacus canibalism feeding Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1993 Children's pythons and look-a-likes (the childreni complex) Reptilian 1 7 10-15 Bothrochilus Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1993 Recent reptile thefts, corrupt and overzealous wildlife officers Reptilian 1 8 33-35 Book Hoser, Raymond 1993 Smuggled: The Underground Trade in Australia's Wildlife Mosman Apollo Books 149 Illegal trade Journal Article Hosley, Cheri L. 1993 Notes on feeding a wild-caught royal (ball) python, Python regius Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 2 34-35 Journal Article Hossini, Saïda 1993 A new species of Latonia (Anura, Discoglossidae) from the lower Miocene of France Amphibia-Reptilia 14 3 237-246 Journal Article Hotle, Doug 1993 The husbandry and propagation of Dendrobates auratus at the Indianapolis Zoo Captive Breeding 1 3 4-7;26-28 Dendrobates auratus Journal Article Houck, L.D.;Verrell, P.A. 1993 Studies of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders - A Review Herpetologica 49 2 175-184 MOUNTAIN DUSKY SALAMANDER; DESMOGNATHUS-OCHROPHAEUS; SEXUAL SELECTION; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; FIELD OBSERVATIONS; SPERM COMPETITION; RANA-CATESBEIANA; MATING SUCCESS; MATE CHOICE; POPULATIONS Journal Article Houck, Lynne D.;Verrell, Paul A. 1993 Studies of courtship behavior in plethodontid salamanders: a review Herpetologica 49 2 175-184 Journal Article Houck, Lynne D.;Jaeger, Robert G. 1993 Introduction to the symposium on the biology of plethodontid salamanders Herpetologica 49 2 153 Journal Article Houghton, P. J.;Osibogun, I. M. 1993 Flowering plants used against snakebite J Ethnopharmacol 39 1 1-29 A list of flowering plants used for the treatment of snakebite has been complied from a variety of literature sources. Details of the geographical area and parts used are given and the basis for the reputed activity discussed. Methods of testing the reputed activity of such plants are reviewed and the identity and mode of action of the chemical substances which might be responsible is discussed for some of the plants listed. Journal Article Hourdry, J. 1993 Passage to the Terrestrial Life in Amphibians - Events Accompanying This Ecological Transition Zool Sci 10 5 715-731 BULLFROG RANA-CATESBEIANA; THYROXINE-INDUCED METAMORPHOSIS; LATERAL-LINE SYSTEM; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; TADPOLE TAIL; CELL-DEVELOPMENT; AQUATIC HYPOXIA; LARVAL; ANURAN; FROG Journal Article Hourdry, J. 1993 Early Embryonic Inductions in Amphibia - New Finding Annee Biologique 32 2 55-84 Journal Article Hourdry, J. 1993 Passage to the Terrestrial Life in Amphibians .2. Endocrine Determinism Zoological Science 10 6 887-902 THYROID-HORMONE RECEPTOR; KERATIN GENE-EXPRESSION; RANA-CATESBEIANA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; MESSENGER-RNA; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; TADPOLE LIVER; HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; BULLFROG TADPOLES; BINDING-CAPACITY Journal Article Hourdry, J. 1993 Passage to the terrestrial life in amphibians. 2. Endocrine determinism. Zool. Sci. 10 715-731 Journal Article Houston, D.;Shine, R. 1993 Sexual Dimorphism and Niche Divergence - Feeding Habits of the Arafura Filesnake J Anim Ecol 62 4 737-748 Acrochordid; Acrochordus-Arafurae; Diets; Foraging; Sexual Dimorphism; Snake; DIETARY DIVERGENCE; ECOLOGICAL CAUSES; FORAGING ECOLOGY; WATER SNAKE; PREY; ACROCHORDIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SERPENTES; SIZE Journal Article Houston, A.I.;Mcnamara, J.M.;Hutchinson, J.M.C. 1993 General results concerning the Trade-Off between gaining energy and avoiding predation Philos Trans R Soc Lond [Biol] 341 1298 375-397 COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; BEHAVIORAL DECISIONS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; TIME CONSTRAINTS; GROUP-SIZE; RISK; HABITAT; GROWTH; STRATEGIES Journal Article Hovingh, Peter 1993 Aquatic habitats, life history observations, and zoogeographic considerations of the spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) in Tule Valley, Utah Great Basin Naturalist 53 2 168-179 Journal Article Hovingh, Peter 1993 Zoogeography and paleozoology of leeches, molluscs and amphibians in Western Bonneville Basin, Utah, USA Journal of Paleolimnology 9 41-54 rana pipiens pretiosa catesbiena utah great basin biogeography Journal Article Hovingh, Peter 1993 Zoogeography and paleozoology of leeches, molluscs, and amphibians in western Bonneville Basin, Utah Journal of Paleolimnology 9 41-54 Hirudinea, Mollusca, Gastropoda, freshwater fish, Amphibia, Anura, Erpobdella punctata, Helobdella stagnalis, Helobdella triseralis, Theromyzon rude, Glossiphonia complanata, Haemopis grandis, Haemopis marmota, Catinella, Oxyloma, zoogeography, Utah Journal Article Howard, James H.;Seeb, Lisa W.;Wallace, Richard 1993 Genetic variation and population divergence in the Plethodon vandykei species group (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Herpetologica 49 2 238-247 Journal Article Howard, J.H.;Seeb, L.W.;Wallace, R. 1993 Genetic Variation and Population Divergence in the Plethodon vandykei Species Group (Caudata, Plethodontidae) Herpetologica 49 2 238-247 Divergence; Isolation; Allozymes; Phylogeny; Amphibia; Caudata; Plethodon; GENUS PLETHODON; SALAMANDERS; EVOLUTIONARY; DISTANCE; LOCI; AMPHIBIA; DNA Journal Article Howard, R. J.;Burgess, G. H. 1993 Surgical hazards posed by marine and freshwater animals in Florida Am J Surg 166 5 563-7 *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Bites and Stings/*surgery; Human; *Sharks; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vibrio Infections/therapy; Wounds and Injuries/surgery Marine and freshwater animals can cause injury to humans by biting, stinging, being poisonous to eat, and causing infections. Biting aquatic animals in Florida include sharks, barracudas, alligators, and moray eels. Devitalized tissue should be debrided, and vascular, neurologic, and tendinous injuries should be repaired. Radiographs should be obtained to examine the injury sit for fractures and retained foreign bodies (teeth). The spines of stingrays and marine catfish can cause soft tissue injury and infection. The spine has a recurved, serrated shape that may cause further injury and break if it is pulled out. The venom may cause local tissue necrosis requiring debridement. Soft tissue infections with marine Vibrio bacteria can occur after eating raw oysters or receiving even minor injuries from marine animals. Thirty-one individuals developed soft tissue infections, 49 developed sepsis, and 23 developed both sepsis and soft tissue infection with marine Vibrio species during a 12-year period. Sixteen patients developed necrotizing soft tissue infections. Treatment is with antibiotics and debridement when necrosis occurs. Journal Article Howland, Jeff 1993 Arizona Game and Fish proposed changes in regulations Sonoran Herpetologist 6 9 93 Journal Article Howland, Jeffery M.;Babb, Randy;Johnson, Terry B.;Seim, Sharon G.;Sredl, Michael J.;Taubert, Bruce D.;Waters, Dana L. 1993 Herps of Arizona Arizona Wildlife Views March 1993 1-36 Journal Article Howland, Jeffrey M. 1993 Herps of Arizona Arizona Wildlife Views 36 3 1-36 Book Hoyle, M.;Richardson, J.I. 1993 The Jumby Bay Hawksbill Project (unpublished technical report) Athens Georgia Sea Turtle Cooperative 1-76 hawksbill; sex ratio; tsd; nesting Journal Article Höggren, Mats;Nilson, Göran;Andrén, Claes;Orlov, Nikolai L.;Tuniyev, Boris S. 1993 Vipers of the Caucasus: Natural history and systematic review Herpetological Natural History 1 2 11-19 Viperidae vipera caucasian-armenian region conservation kaznakovi ursinii dinniki eriwanensis renardi Journal Article Hranitz, J.M.;Klinger, T.S.;Hill, F.C.;Sagar, R.G.;Mencken, T.;Carr, J. 1993 Morphometric Variation Between Bufo woodhousii fowleri Hinckley (Anura, Bufonidae) on Assateague Island, Virginia and the Adjacent Mainland Brimleyana 19 65-75 Book Hranitz, John M. 1993 Ontogenetic changes in the expression of isozymes, population genetic structure and heterozygosity-growth relationships in Bufo woodhousii fowleri (Anura: Bufonidae) Mississippi State Ph. D. Dissertation, Mississippi State University xi, 172 Journal Article Hraouibloquet, S.;Exbrayat, J.M. 1993 Fertilization in Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Dumeril and Bibron, 1841) (Gymnophiona, Amphibia) Bulletin de La Societe Zoologique de France - Evolution et Zoologie 118 3 356-357 Journal Article Huchzer*meyer, E.W. 1993 Diaphragmic hernia in a nile crocodile hatchling African Herp News 20 December 31-32 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, pathology, hernia, diaphragm Reprint Endnote 94/161 Journal Article Huchzer-meyer, E.W. 1993 Diaphragmic hernia in a nile crocodile hatchling African Herp News 20 December 31-32 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, pathology, hernia, diaphragm Reprint Endnote 94/161 Journal Article Huchzermeyer, E.W. 1993 Diaphragmic hernia in a nile crocodile hatchling African Herp News 20 December 31-32 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, pathology, hernia, diaphragm Journal Article Hughes, Mark H.;Parmalee, Paul W. 1993 Anolis carolinensis (green anole). Behavior Herpetological Review 24 3 104 Journal Article Hummel, Martin 1993 Rhinoceros iguanas Desert Monitor 26 6 13-14 Journal Article Hunt, Adrian P.;Santucci, Vincent L.;Wall, William P. 1993 Paleoecology of Late Triassic metoposaurid amphibians: Evidence from Petrified Forest National Park Park Science 13 4 12 Journal Article Huntington, C.;Stuhlman, T. N.;Cullen, D. J. 1993 Plethodon sequoyah Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 557 1-2 Journal Article Hutchinson, J.M.C.;Mcnamara, J.M.;Cuthill, I.C. 1993 Song, Sexual Selection, Starvation and Strategic Handicaps Anim Behav 45 6 1153-1177 TITS PARUS-MAJOR; GREEN TREE FROG; TROGLODYTES-TROGLODYTES; ACOUSTIC-SIGNALS; MATE CHOICE; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR; CHORUS; BIRDS; DAWN Journal Article Hutchison, V. H. 1993 Ethics and use of the byline address Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 74 2 180-181 Journal Article Hutton, R. A.;Warrell, D. A. 1993 Action of snake venom components on the haemostatic system Blood Rev 7 3 176-89 Among the components in snake venom are a number which have profound effects (either stimulatory or inhibitory) on haemostatic mechanisms, including coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet function and vascular integrity. As a consequence, human victims of snakebite may suffer severe and sometimes fatal haemorrhagic and/or thrombotic sequelae. Many of these venom components have been isolated and their precise mechanisms of action established. Apart from direct fibrinolysins, procoagulants predominate, most of these exerting their effect late in the clotting cascade, activating factor X or prothrombin or directly converting fibrinogen to fibrin. Some of the procoagulants are, or have the potential to be, used as therapeutic agents. Some venom components have been put to use as laboratory reagents for diagnostic purposes or for characterising molecular defects of haemostasis, although because they often have unphysiological actions, results must be interpreted with caution. These and other useful constituents e.g. protein C activator and platelet aggregating agents are discussed. Journal Article Ibáñez D., Roberto 1993 Female phonotaxis and call overlap in the neotropical glassfrog Centrolenella granulosa Copeia 1993 3 846-850 Journal Article Ibisch, P.;Bohme, W. 1993 Zur Kenntnis der innerandinen Herpetofauna Boliviens (Provinz Arque, Departamento Cochabamba) Herpetofauna 15 15-26 Bolivia, amphibians, reptiles Journal Article Ignatius, Adi 1993 Secrets of Bama: In a corner of China they live to be 100 Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 9 14-15 Journal Article Iizuka, Koji;Nakazato, Tadashi;Yazawa, Shigeo 1993 Hynobiid salamanders from Cheju Island, Korea Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 80 Journal Article Illek, B.;Fischer, H.;Clauss, W. 1993 Quinidine-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Basolateral Membrane of Embryonic Coprodeum Epithelium - Regulation by Aldosterone and Thyroxine Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 163 7 556-562 Epithelial Transport; Coprodeum; Noise Analysis; Quinidine; Chicken Embryo; TOAD URINARY-BLADDER; FROG-SKIN; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; NA-TRANSPORT; TURTLE COLON; CURRENT FLUCTUATIONS; SODIUM; CELLS; MECHANISM; LIDOCAINE Journal Article in den Bosch, Herman A. J. 1993 Book Review: Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles Copeia 1993 1 243-244 Journal Article Ineich, Ivan 1993 Hemithconyx caudicinctus (African Gecko). Cameroon: Garoua Herpetological Review 24 2 67 geographic distribution Journal Article Ineich, Ivan;Ota, Hidetoshi 1993 Morphological variation and distribution of the unisexual-bisexual complex of the gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris, in French Polynesia and Easter Island Bulletin of the College of Science, University of the Ryukyus 56 113-120 Lepidodactylus lugubris; morphological variation; French Polynesia; Easter Island Journal Article Ineich, Ivan;Ineich, Michèle 1993 Un cas de prédation sur le Gecko Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834) par une Araignée Eusparassidae, Rhitymna valida (Blackwall, 1877), aux Seychelles Revue Fr. Aquariol. 19 4 127-128 Journal Article Ineich, Ivan;Zug, George R. 1993-1996 Tachygyia, the giant Tongan skink: extinct or extant? Cryptozoology 12 30-35 Journal Article Ingalls, V. 1993 Startle and Habituation Responses of Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata) in a Laboratory Simulation of Anti-Predator Defenses of Catocala Moths (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) Behaviour 126 Part 1-2 77-96 CORAL-SNAKE PATTERN; WARNING COLORATION; DISTASTEFUL PREY; DOMESTIC CHICKS; AVOIDANCE; RECOGNITION; EXPERIENCE; NOVELTY Journal Article Inger, Robert F.;Voris, Harold K. 1993 A comparison of amphibian communities through time and from place to place in Bornean forests Journal of Tropical Ecology 9 409-433 anurans Borneo community structure variation Malaysia rain forests Amolops ansonia bufo chaperina leptobrachella leptolalx megophrys micrixalus microphyia occidozyga pedostibes philautus rana rhacophorus staurois Journal Article Ingram, G. J.;Couper, P. J.;Donnellan, S. C. 1993 A new two-toed skink from eastern Australia Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 33 1 341-347 lerista emmotti sp nov. punctatovittata electrophoresis Book Section Ingram, Glen J.;McDonald, Keith R. 1993 An update on the decline of Queensland's frogs Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 297-303 amphibian decline Journal Article International Commission On Zoological Nomenclature 1993 Opinion 1749: Epicrium Wagler, 1828 and Ichthyophiidae Taylor, 1968 (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): Conserved, and Epicriidae Berlese, 1885 (Arachnida, Acari): Conserved by the emendation of Epicriidae Fitzinger, 1843 (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) to Epicriumidae Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 50 3 261-263 Epicrium; Taxonomy; Nomenclature Journal Article Irwin, Kelly J.;Collins, Suzanne L.;Collins, Joseph T. 1993 Rhadinaea flavilata (pine woods snake). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 24 3 110 Journal Article Irwin, Kelly J.;Collins, Suzanne L.;Collins, Joseph T. 1993 Virginia striatula (rough earth snake). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 24 3 111 Journal Article Isaza, R.;Ackerman, N.;Schumacher, J. 1993 Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Liver Biopsy in Snakes Vet Radiol Ultrasound 34 6 452-454 Ultrasound; Biopsy; Liver; Snake; INFECTION Journal Article Isaza, R.;Ackerman, N.;Jacobson, E.R. 1993 Ultrasound Imaging of the Coelomic Structures in the Boa Constrictor (Boa-Constrictor) Vet Radiol Ultrasound 34 6 445-450 Ultrasound; Anatomy; Boa-Constrictor; ANATOMY; EGGS; TURTLES; ORGANS Journal Article Isaza, Ramiro;Ackerman, Norman;Jacobson, Elliott R. 1993 Ultrasound imaging of the coelomic structures in the boa constrictor (Boa constrictor) Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 34 6 445-450 Journal Article Isaza, R.;Ackerman, N.;Schumacher, J. 1993 Ultrasound guided percutaneous liver biopsy in snakes Vet Radiol Ultrasound 34 6 452-454 Reptilia, serpentes, anatomy, pathology, liver, biopsy, ultrasound Percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver biopsies were conducted in 15 snakes using 18-gauge automatic biopsy devices. The liver samples collected ranged in size from 1.16 x 0.40 mm to 8.3 x 0.55 mm. Upon histologic examination, all biopsy samples were of diagnostic quality. Anesthesia with complete immobilization of the snake was necessary to allow proper selection of the target site and limit complications associated with biopsy collection. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver biopsy is a rapid, minimally invasive method for collecting liver tissue in snakes. Reprint Endnote 94/42 Journal Article Isogawa, Kiyoshi;Hiwatashi, Hisato 1993 Effects of mamushi follicle yolk, chicken egg yolk, and sugars on in vitro sperm activity in the Japanese mamushi, Agkistrodon b. blomhoffi Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 92 Journal Article Itoh, T.;Ohsumi, K.;Katagiri, C. 1993 Remodeling of Human Sperm Chromatin Mediated by Nucleoplasmin from Amphibian Eggs Dev Growth Differ 35 1 59-66 Human Sperm; Chromatin Remodeling; Protamine Removal; Nucleoplasmin; NUCLEAR BASIC-PROTEINS; ANURAN AMPHIBIANS; ACIDIC PROTEIN; DECONDENSATION; CLEAVAGE; INVITRO; MOUSE; CHROMOSOMES; PRONUCLEI; HISTONES Journal Article Ivanova, S.A. 1993 Reproductive Cycles of Phrynocephalus reticulatus and Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Sauria, Agamidae) Zool Zh 72 7 116-130 LIZARD; REPTILIA Journal Article Iverson, John B.;Smith, Geoffrey R. 1993 Reproductive ecology of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) in the Nebraska sandhills and across its range Copeia 1993 1 1-21 fecundidty growth maturity longevity survivorship egg size clutch Journal Article Iverson, J.B.;Balgooyen, C.P.;Byrd, K.K.;Lyddan, K.K. 1993 Latitudinal Variation in Egg and Clutch Size in Turtles Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 71 12 2448-2461 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; STERNOTHERUS-MINOR-MINOR; LIFE-HISTORY ATTRIBUTES; MUD TURTLE; PAINTED TURTLES; BODY SIZE; EMYDOIDEA-BLANDINGI; VIRGINIA POPULATION; SPATIAL VARIATION; HATCHING SUCCESS Journal Article Iverson, J.B.;Balgooyen, C.P;Byrd, K.K;Lyddan, K.K. 1993 Latitudinal variation in egg and clutch size in turtles Can. J. Zool. 71 2448-2461 reproduction Journal Article Iverson, J. B.;Balgooyen, C. P.;Byrd, K. K.;Lyddan, K. K. 1993 Latitudinal variation in egg and clutch sizes in turtles Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 2448-2461 loggerhead; leatherback; hawksbill; green; ridley Journal Article Iwamuro, S.;Hayashi, H.;Kikuyama, S. 1993 An Additional Arginine-Vasotocin-Related Peptide, Vasotocinyl-Gly-Lys, in Xenopus Neurohypophysis Biochim Biophys Acta 1176 1-2 143-147 Arginine Vasotocin; Hydrin; Aldosterone Release; Arginine Vasotocin-Related Peptide; (Xenopus); AVT-RELATED PEPTIDE; SECRETION; LAEVIS; AMPHIBIANS; HYDRINS; GLAND Journal Article Iwasaki, S.;Wanichanon, C. 1993 An Ultrastructural Study of the Dorsal Lingual Epithelium of the Crab-Eating Frog, Rana cancrivora J Morphol 215 1 89-100 The amphibian tongue contains two types of papilla which are believed to function in gustation and in the secretion of salivary fluid. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that columnar, filiform papillae are compactly distributed over nearly the entire dorsal surface of the tongue of the frog, Rana cancrivora, and fungiform papillae are scattered among the filiform papillae. Microridges and microvilli are distributed on the epithelial cell surface of the extensive area of the filiform papillae. Light microscopy shows that the apex of each filiform papilla is composed of stratified columnar and/or cuboidal epithelium and its base is composed of simple columnar epithelium. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that most of the epithelium of the filiform papillae is composed of cells that contain numerous round electron-dense granules 1-3 mum in diameter. Cellular interdigitation is well developed between adjacent cells. On the free-surface of epithelial cells, microridges or microvilli are frequently seen. Between these granular cells, a small number of ciliated cells, mitochondria-rich cells and electron-lucent cells are inserted. In some cases, electron-dense granules are present in the ciliated cells. At higher magnification, the electron-dense granules appear to be covered with patterns of spots and tubules. Overall, the morphology and ultrastructure of the lingual epithelium of the three species of Rana that have been studied are quite similar, but they can be easily distinguished from those of Bufo japonicus. Therefore, it appears that lingual morphology is phylogenetically constrained among members of the predominantly freshwater genus Rana to produce uniformity of papillary structure and this morphology persists in Rana cancrivora despite the distinct saline environment in which it lives. Journal Article Iwasawa, Hisaaki 1993 Amphibians of Echigo and Sado Island Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 85 Journal Article Izutsu, Y.;Kaiho, M.;Yoshizato, K. 1993 Different Distribution of Epidermal Basal Cells in the Anuran Larval Skin Correlates with the Skin's Region-Specific Fate at Metamorphosis Journal of Experimental Zoology 267 6 605-615 RANA-CATESBEIANA Journal Article Izutsu, Y.;Yoshizato, K. 1993 Metamorphosis-dependent recognition of larval skin as non- self by Inbred adult frogs (Xenopus laevis) J Exp Zool 266 2 163-167 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, immunity, larval skin, non- self Larval cells in tissues of the anuran tadpole are replaced by adult cells in the corresponding tissue of the frog during metamorphosis. As an extreme example of such replacement, tissues of the tail, which have no counterpart in the adult, are completely eliminated during metamorphosis. We postulated that some immunological recognition mechanism might be involved in this specific elimination of the tail tissue. Our working hypothesis was tested by applying the skin transplantation technique to individuals of the inbred J strain of Xenopus laevis, which accept homografts. We demonstrated that young adults reject skin grafts from larvae. This rejection was immunological in nature because the secondary response of rejection was observed. There was a clear difference in graft rejection between grafts from the tail and those from the body. Grafts of tail skin were rejected irrespective of the metamorphic stages of donors. By contrast, grafts of body skin became acceptable as donors metamorphosed. The mean survival time of the larval skin was much longer than that of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-disparate skin grafts reported by other investigators, suggesting that the rejection described in the present study is due to disparity in minor histocompatible (minor-H) antigens. We propose the involvement of the immunological recognition mechanism in the process of specific detection and elimination of larval cells in the tail. Journal Article Jackson, M. E.;Semlitsch., R. D. 1993 Paedomorphosis in the salamander Ambystoma talpoideum - effects of a fish predator Ecology 74 342-350 Journal Article Jacob, J.;Ziemsen, B.;Hoppe, U. 1993 Cast Skin Lipids of the Indian Python (Python-Molurus-Bivittatus, Kuhl, 1820) Z Naturforsch C 48 1-2 80-84 Skin Lipids; Cast Skin; Snakes; Sterols; Secondary Alcohols; EPIDERMIS; BARRIER; SNAKE; POLAR Journal Article Jacob, J.;Ziemsen, B.;Hoppe, U. 1993 Cast skin lipids of the Indian python (Python molurus bivittatus, Kuhl, 1820) Z Naturforsch C 48 1-2 80-84 Reptilia, serpentes, Python, Python molurus bivittatus, physiology, cast skin, lipids Cast skins of various snakes and in addition one lizard were found to contain 3.5-8.6% extractable lipid material. Lipids obtained from a cast skin of the Indian python were analyzed in detail indicating the presence of hydrocarbons (squalene, cholestadiene and alkanes), monoester waxes, sterol esters, diester waxes, triglycerides, sterols, free fatty acids and even more polar lipids. Among the monoester wax constituents odd- numbered secondary alkanols were found. It is assumed that the above lipids originate from cells of the past integumental generation and that they play an important facilitating role during the sloughing process. Journal Article Jacob, J.;Ziemsen, B. 1993 Cast skin lipids of the Indian Python (Python molurus bivittatus, Kuhl, 1820) Z. Naturforsch. 48c 80-84 Journal Article Jacobsen, N.H.G.;Kleynhans, C.J. 1993 The Importance of Weirs as Refugia for Hippopotami and Crocodiles in the Limpopo River, South Africa Water SA 19 4 301-306 Journal Article Jacobson, Elliott R. 1993 Snakes Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 23 6 1179-1212 treatment husbandry disease biopsy nutrition Journal Article Jacobson, Elliott R. 1993 Implications of infectious diseases for captive propagation and introduction programs of threatened/endangered reptiles Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24 3 245-255 conservation repatriation captive breeding disease relocation introduction translocation infectious disease propagation release reptiles Journal Article Jacobson, E. R. 1993 Implications of infectious diseases for captive propagation and introduction programs of threatened endangered reptiles J Zoo Wildlife Med 24 3 245-255 Reptilia, testudines, infection, management, reintroduction Health and disease are becoming extremely relevant issues for the conservation biology of members of all major groups of vertebrates. The importance of disease in captive propaption, relocation, repatriation, and translocation (RRT) programs is just being appreciated. All of us experience multiple diseases in our lifetimes. Reptiles are not different. They are susceptible to the range of infectious agents known to occur in other vertebrates. The causes of disease in captive reptiles are better understood than those in their wild counterparts. However, several important diseases have recently been documented in wild chelonians. One of these, upper respiratory tract disease in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) is thought to have been introduced into populations of tortoises in the Mojave Desert in the southwestern USA by release of ill captive desert tortoises. A similar situation appears to exist for certain populations of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in Florida, USA. Although conservation strategies such as RRT programs have been implemented for a number of threatened/endangered reptiles, results indicate that the success rate is rather low. Because of this low success rate and the recent awareness of the possible introduction of exotic pathogens acquired in captivity, release programs should be scrutinized more closely. Reprint Endnote 93/665 Journal Article Jacobson, E. R.;Weinstein, M.;Berry, K.;Hardenbrook, B.;Tomlinson, C.;Freitas, D. 1993 Problems with using weight versus carapace length relationships to assess tortoise health Vet Rec 132 9 222-223 Reptilia, testudines, jackson ratio, weight, length, It is postulated that at least five factors limit the usefullness of weight versus carapace length for predicating the health of desert tortoises. First: as they grow, wild male desert tortoises tend to be broader than females. Because of this males are heavier than females of comparable length. Secondly, weight versus length relationship are substantially different before and after oviposition. Third: tortoises recently emerging from hibernation have different ratios. Fourth: Drinking causes rapid alterations in the ratio. Fifth: defecation and voiding of urine also alter the ratio. Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. 1993 Implications of Infectious Diseases for Captive Propagation and Introduction Programs of Threatened/Endangered Reptiles Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24 3 245-255 Infectious Disease; Propagation; Release; Reptiles; HERPESVIRUS-LIKE INFECTION; DESERT TORTOISES; TESTUDO-GRAECA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; COLLECTION; TURTLES; SNAKES; VIRUS; WILD Journal Article Jaeger, Robert G.;Fortune, Deborah;Hill, Gary;Palen, Amy;Risher, George 1993 Salamander homing behavior and territorial pheromones: alternative hypotheses Journal of Herpetology 27 2 236-239 Journal Article Jaeger, Robert G.;Forester, Don C. 1993 Social behavior of plethodontid salamanders Herpetologica 49 2 163-175 Journal Article Jaeger, Robert G.;Gabor, Caitlin R. 1993 Intraspecific chemical communication by a territorial salamander via the postcloacal gland Copeia 1993 4 1171-1174 Journal Article Jaeger, R.G.;Fortune, D.;Hill, G.;Palen, A.;Risher, G. 1993 Salamander Homing Behavior and Territorial Pheromones - Alternative Hypotheses J Herpetol 27 2 236-239 RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; HOME RANGE; COSTS Journal Article Jamieson, Barrie G. M.;Lee, S. Y.;Long, Kevin 1993 Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the internally fertilizing frog Ascaphus truei (Ascaphidae: Anura: Amphibia) with phylogenetic considerations Herpetologica 49 1 52-65 Journal Article Jamieson, B. G. M.;Scheltinga, D. M. 1993 The ultrastructure of spermatozoa of Nangura spinosa (Scincidae, Reptilia) Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 34 1 169-179 Journal Article Jamieson, David;Trauth, Stanley E.;McAllister, Chris 1993 Food habits of male-hybrid bird-voiced treefrogs, Hyla avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), in Arkansas The Texas Journal of Science 45 1 45-49 Journal Article Jamieson, B. G. M.;Lee, M. S. Y.;Long, K. 1993 Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the internally fertilizing frog Ascaphus truei (Ascaphidae: Anura: Amphibia) with phylogenetic considerations Herpetologica 49 1 52-65 Anuran; Urodele; Lissamphibia; Tetrapoda; Caecilian; Basal Amniote; Frog; Conical Acrosome; Subacrosomal Cone; Perforatorium; Mitochondria; Paraxonemal Rod; Flagellum Spermatozoal ultrastructure endorses other evidence that Ascaphus is the sister-group of all other anurans. Primitive (plesiomorphic) features of the sperm of Ascaphus, shared with those of urodeles and basal amniotes and apparently basic to tetrapods, include the elongate conical acrosome, a subacrosomal cone (periperforatorial material), a slender rodlike perforatorium which continues posteriorly in an endonuclear canal, and elongation of the nucleus which tapers within the acrosome. Probable lissamphibian autapomorphies (distinctive advanced characters) which must, therefore, be considered plesiomorphic for Ascaphus are location of the mitochondria unilaterally relative to the flagellum and their association with the paraxonemal rod. This rod is equivalent to the major and minor fibers in the sperm tail of other anurans, and these structures appear to be jointly homologous with a coarse fiber of the amniote axoneme. In Ascaphus, the undulating membrane, which connects the major fiber to the axoneme as an autapomorphy of caecilians, urodeles, and many frogs, is reduced to a short, broad bridge between the inner and outer regions of the paraxonemal rod. The rod carries a longitudinal groove, along this bridge, which houses the mitochondria. Reduction of the undulating membrane is the major advanced feature (apomorphy) of the spermatozoon of Ascaphus. This reduction cannot be ascribed simply to occurrence of internal fertilization in Ascaphus and is tentatively interpreted as spermatozoal paedomorphism, as the undulating membrane persists in internally fertilizing urodeles and in caecilians. It is argued that internal fertilization is basic (pleisomorphic) in the Lissamphibia and that external fertilization has been secondarily acquired in the ancestry of those urodeles and anurans that exhibit it. Journal Article Jana, N.R.;Bhattacharya, S. 1993 Binding of Thyroid Hormone to Freshwater Perch Leydig Cell Nuclei-Rich Preparation and Its Functional Relevance Zool Sci 10 3 489-496 ANABAS-TESTUDINEUS BLOCH; WATER PERCH; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GONADAL-HORMONES; OVARIAN NUCLEI; GONADOTROPINS; RAT; TESTOSTERONE; PITUITARY; RECEPTOR Journal Article Janzen, Fredric J. 1993 The influence of incubation temperature and family on eggs, embryos, and hatchlings of the smooth softshell turtle (Apalone mutica) Physiological Zoology 66 3 349-373 environmental effect Journal Article Janzen, Fredric J. 1993 An experimental analysis of natural selection on body size of hatching turtles Ecology 74 2 332-341 Journal Article Janzen, F. J. 1993 An experimental analysis of natural selection on body size of hatchling turtles Ecology 74 2 332-341 natural selection, body size, predation, snapping turtles Journal Article Jarchow, James 1993 Hibernating your turtle safely Notes From NOAH 20 11 8-11 hibernation captivity care Book Jarofke, D.;Lange, J. 1993 Reptilia, Diseases and keeping. Reptilien. Krankheiten und Haltung Berlin Paul Parey 188 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, pathology, survey, P. Zwart, Private collection. Journal Article Jeacocke, R.E. 1993 The Concentrations of Free Magnesium and Free Calcium Ions Both Increase in Skeletal Muscle Fibres Entering Rigor Mortis Meat Sci 35 1 27-45 DYE ARSENAZO-III; SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; IONIZED CALCIUM; INTRACELLULAR CONCENTRATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANT; MOLLUSCAN NEURONS; ANTIPYRYLAZO-III; FIBERS; FROG Book Jena, Indramani;Sarangi, Akulananda 1993 Snakes of Medical Importance and Snake-bite Treatment New Delhi Ashish Publ. xxxvi, 293 p. Journal Article Jenkins, F.A.;Walsh, D.M. 1993 An Early Jurassic Caecilian with Limbs Nature 365 6443 246-250 DERMOPHIS-MEXICANUS AMPHIBIA; TOOTH CROWN MORPHOLOGY; GYMNOPHIONA; EVOLUTION Journal Article Jenkins, F. A. Jr;Walsh, D. M. 1993 An early Jurassic caecilian with limbs Nature 365 6443 246-250 EOCAECILIA MICROPODIA new genus new species; EOCAECILIAIDEA NEW FAMILY; DESCRIPTION; SKULL; BONE; EVOLUTION; TAXONOMY; ZOOGEOGRAPHY; ARIZONA; USA CAECILIANS are elongate, limbless, mostly fossorial amphibians. Less well known than frogs and salamanders, they are represented today by about 34 genera and 162 species-1. Until recently, the fossil record of caecilians consisted of only two vertebrae, one from the Palaeocene of Brazil-2, the other from the Late Cretaceous of Bolivia-3. We report here the discovery of an extensive series of Early Jurassic caecilians which extends the fossil record of the group and reveals numerous features, including limbs, that are unknown among modern species. Although the new taxon possesses a tentacular fossa for a chemosensory organ and specializations of the jaw apparatus that are uniquely caecilian, other derived features are shared with salamanders and, among extinct Palaeozoic forms, with microsaurs. The configuration of the skull roof, which differs from the fenestrated condition typical of frogs, salamanders and putatively primitive living caecilians, is evidence of substantial evolutionary divergence between caecilians and other modern amphibian groups. Journal Article Jenks, B.G.;Leenders, H.J.;Martens, G.J.M.;Roubos, E.W. 1993 Adaptation Physiology - The Functioning of Pituitary Melanotrope Cells During Background Adaptation of the Amphibian Xenopus laevis Zool Sci 10 1 1-11 MELANOPHORE-STIMULATING HORMONE; THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; FOLLICULO-STELLATE CELLS; PARS-INTERMEDIA; POLYPEPTIDE 7B2; NEUROINTERMEDIATE LOBE; PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; SECRETION Journal Article Jennings, Randy D.;Scott, Norman J., Jr. 1993 Ecologically correlated morphological variation in tadpoles of the leopard frog, Rana chiricahuensis Journal of Herpetology 27 3 285-293 morphology Journal Article Jennions, Michael D.;Passmore, Neville I. 1993 Sperm competition in frogs: Testis size and a 'sterile male' experiment on Chiromantis xerampelina (Rhacophoridae) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 50 211-220 Allometry, anurans, multi-male spawning, testis mass Journal Article Jensen, Steve L.;George, Steven G. 1993 Hemidactylus turcicus (Mediterranean gecko). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 24 4 154 Journal Article Jenssen, Thomas A.;Hovde, Katheryn A. 1993 Anolis carolinensis (Green anole). Social pathology Herpetological Review 24 2 58-59 Journal Article Jesson, Tom 1993 Tales of Minnesota Herps Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 8 16 Journal Article Jessup, A.J.;Mccarthy, D. 1993 Host Status of Some Australian-Grown Cucurbits to Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera, Tephritidae) Under Laboratory Conditions J Aust Entomol Soc 32 Part 2 97-98 FRUIT-FLIES Journal Article Ji, S.;Weiss, J.N.;Langer, G.A. 1993 Modulation of Voltage-Dependent Sodium and Potassium Currents by Charged Amphiphiles in Cardiac Ventricular Myocytes - Effects via Modification of Surface Potential J Gen Physiol 101 3 355-375 FROG SKELETAL-MUSCLE; DELAYED RECTIFIER; OUTWARD CURRENT; DIVALENT IONS; CA-2+ CURRENT; K-CHANNELS; GUINEA-PIG; SQUID AXON; CELLS; CALCIUM Journal Article Jiang, S.P.;Claussen, D.L. 1993 The Resting and Active Metabolism of Red-Spotted Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) on Land at Simulated Winter and Summer Temperatures Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 104 4 805-811 ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; LUNGLESS SALAMANDER; RAFINESQUE; PERFORMANCE; AMPHIBIANS; ENERGETICS Journal Article Jiang, Suping;Claussen, Dennis L. 1993 The effects of temperature on food passage time through the digestive tract in Notophthalmus viridescens Journal of Herpetology 27 4 414-419 Journal Article Jiang, S. P.;Claussen, D. L. 1993 The effects of temperature on food passage time through the digestive tract in Notophthalmus viridescens J Herpetol 27 4 414-419 Amphibia, urodeles, Notophthalmus viridescens, physiology, temperature, food passage time Movement of food through digestive tracts of red-spotted newts from southern Ohio was studied to better understand seasonal changes in energy processing. To determine minimum food passage time through the gastrointestinal tract, blood-worms marked with carbon black were consecutively intubated five times to one group of newts at 25 C and twice to a second group at 5 C. Minimum food passage time at 25 C averaged 33 h, with no significant differences among the five feedings. The newts tested at 5 C required an average of 220 h for the passage of food, with significant differences between the two feedings: 157 h for the first and 284 h for the second. Other newts, intubated with worms labeled with iron powder, were X-rayed at periodic intervals to investigate passage of food through the digestive tract. Full stomachs were completely evacuated in 2 d at 25 C, with a half evacuation time of 20 h, but only after 15 d or more at 5 C, with a half evacuation time of 55 h. Maximal amounts of food in the intestines were attained by 20 h at 25 C, but were achieved only after 3 d at 5 C. Evacuation of labeled food from the intestines was completed in about 40 h at 25 C, whereas most of the food was still in the intestines after 15 d at 5 C. It appears that newts are able to process food in all seasons; however, passage time is greatly influenced by temperature. Journal Article Joger, Ulrich 1993 Book Review: Kröten Amphibia-Reptilia 14 1 97 Journal Article Joger, Ulrich 1993 Book Review: The snakes of Iran Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 199 Journal Article Joger, Ulrich 1993 Book Review: Schlangen; Echsen; Schildkröten; and Lurche [four separate books) Amphibia-Reptilia 14 2 200 Journal Article Joger, Ulrich;Herrmann, H.-W. 1993 Ein immunologisch rekonstruierter stammbaum der paläartischen vipern (Viperinae) [An immunologically based reconstruction of the phylogeny of the palaearctic vipers (Viperinae)] Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft 86 52 phyologeny immunology vipera ursinii berus dinniki kaznakovi ammodytes latastei aspis seoanei wagneri xanthina bornmuelleri raddei palaestinae lebtina schweizeri mauritanica deserti daboia kettenvipern pseudocerastes eristicophis Journal Article Joger, Ulrich 1993 On two collections of reptiles and amphibians from the Cape Verde Islands, with descriptions of three new taxa Courier Forschunginstitut Senckenberg 159 437-444 bufo regularis hemidactylus bouvieri boavistensis tarentola darwini caboverdiana raziana substitula maioensis rudis new subspecies ssp. n. hartogi borneensis gigas mabuya stangeri spinalis salensis vaillanti delalandii geisthardti key phylogeny sp. nov. Journal Article Johnson, Brett 1993 Rare toads in Ventura County may make endangered list Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 23 9 1 amphibian decline Journal Article Johnson, R.N.;Young, D.G.;Butler, J.F. 1993 Trypanosome Transmission by Corethrella wirthi (Diptera, Chaoboridae) to the Green Treefrog, Hyla-Cinerea (Anura, Hylidae) J Med Entomol 30 5 918-921 Corethrella-Wirthi; Trypanosoma Sp; Hyla-Cinerea; NORTH-AMERICA Journal Article Johnson, E.K.;Ownby, C.L. 1993 Isolation of a Myotoxin from the Venom of Agkistrodon-contortrix-laticinctus (Broad-Banded Copperhead) and Pathogenesis of Myonecrosis Induced by It in Mice Toxicon 31 3 243-255 CROTALUS-VIRIDIS-VIRIDIS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; CRUDE VENOM; RATTLESNAKE; SNAKE; HELLERI; DAMAGE; TOXIN Journal Article Johnson, Robert 1993 Imagine if we lost the horned lizard or the crested toad Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 13 8 11 Journal Article Johnson, Jerry D. 1993 Book review: herpetofauna Mexicana. Lista Anotada de las Especies de Anfibios y Reptiles de Mexico Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 5 1 12-15 Book review Journal Article Johnson, D. C.;Burt, C. T.;Perng, W. C.;Hitzig, B. M. 1993 Effects of temperature on muscle pHi and phosphate metabolites in newts and lungless salamanders Am J Physiol 265 5 Pt 2 R1162-7 *Acclimatization; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism; Animal; Comparative Study; *Energy Metabolism; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muscles/metabolism/*physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Phosphates/metabolism; Phosphocreatine/metabolism; Salamandridae/*physiology; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Temperature The effect of acute alterations in body temperature (BT) on intracellular pH (pHi) and phosphate metabolites was assessed in white skeletal muscle of intact newts and lungless red-backed salamanders using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. pHi decreased with increasing BT in the tail muscle of both newts and lungless red-backed salamanders. The change in pH with change in temperature from 10 to 30 degrees C was -0.018 U/degrees C in newts and -0.041 U/degrees C in red backs. The calculated alpha-imidazole for skeletal muscle cytosol did not change (0.56) in newts from 10 to 30 degrees C but fell from 0.69 to 0.43 in red-backed salamanders. Phosphocreatine (PCr)/Pi fell and Pi/beta-ATP rose with increasing temperature in both newts and red backs; however, the change was much greater in red backs. Providing the red backs with O2 at 30 degrees C led to higher pH and alpha-imidazole, comparable to that of newts, along with increased PCr/Pi and lower Pi/beta-ATP. Thus newts maintain white skeletal muscle cell cytosol alpha-imidazole constant with changes in BT, whereas red backs apparently do not. However, at the BT of preference, red backs and newts maintain similar muscle pHi and alpha-imidazole. The method of gas exchange appears to strongly influence the ability of an animal to maintain its acid-base status over a range of temperatures, and our results suggest that behavioral regulation of BT may involve alpha- imidazole regulation as well. Book Johnson Díaz , Kenneth A.;Sierra Cabral, Juan Luis;Erosa Solana, Ana Isabel 1993 Un Tesoro de la Naturaleza: Las Tortugas Marinas México, D.F. EDAMEX 117 p. Journal Article Johnston, G. R.;Richards, S. J. 1993 Observations on the breeding biology of a microhylid frog (genus Oreophryne) from New Guinea Transactions of the Royal Society of Southern Australia 117 2 105-107 vocalization, reproductive modes, direct development, embryology Journal Article Jones, Thomas R.;Kluge, Arnold G.;Wolf, Alan J. 1993 When theories and methodologies clash: A phylogentic reanalysis of the North American Ambystomid salamanders (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) Systematic Biology 42 1 92-102 allozymes morphology phylogeny genetics ambystoma dicamptodon tigrinum Journal Article Jones, Len 1993 A case of illiterate turtle vandalism! Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 28 9 188 Report Jones, Lawrence L. C.;Raphael, Martin G. 1993 Inexpensive camera systems for detecting martens, fishers, and other animals: guidelines for use and standardization Journal Article Jones, Phil 1993 Federal Government pushing state level "exotic animal legislation" Vivarium 4 4 30-31 Journal Article Jones, Thomas R.;Skelly, David K.;Werner, Earl E. 1993 Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (eastern tiger salamander). Developmental polymorphism Herpetological Review 24 4 147-148 Journal Article Jones, R. L.;Knight, Charles;Majure, Terry 1993 Sternotherus minor peltifer (Stripeneck musk turtle). USA: Mississippi Herpetological Review 24 4 154 Journal Article Jones, D.R.;Shelton, G. 1993 The Physiology of the Alligator Heart - Left Aortic Flow Patterns and Right-to-Left Shunts J Exp Biol 176 247-269 Crocodilians; Alligator; Blood Shunt; Cardiac Output; Blood Pressures; Blood Flows; Acetylcholine; Gastrointestinal; Cardiorespiratory; Alligator-Mississippiensis; DYNAMICS Journal Article Jones, Thomas R. ;Kluge, Arnold G.;Wolf, Alan J. 1993 When theories and methodologies clash: a phylogenetic reanalysis of the North American Ambystomatid Salamanders (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) Systematic Biology 42 92-102 phylogenetics, systematics, cladistics, information, phylogeny, support, methods, total evidence, taxonomic congruence, character independence, character, resampling techniques, character state polarization, polarization, amphibia, ambystomatidae, Caudata Journal Article Jones, D.R.;Shelton, G. 1993 The physiology of the alligator heart: left aortic flow patterns and the right-to-left shunts J. exp. Biol. 176 247-269 AM, heart, physiology, Journal Article Jorge da Silva, Nelson, Jr. 1993 The snakes from Samuel Hydroelectric Power Plant and vicinity, Rondônia, Brazil Herpetological Natural History 1 1 37-86 Journal Article Jorgensen, C.B.;Larsen, L.O.;Rosenkilde, P. 1993 Water-Balance Response to Salt Loads in the Toad Bufo bufo, Independence of Hypophysial Pars Nervosa Function Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 105 1 73-77 ARGININE VASOTOCIN; AMPHIBIANS; OSMOREGULATION Journal Article Jorgensen, C. B. 1993 Effects of feeding on water balance and cutaneous drinking in the toad (Bufo bufo) Comp Biochem Physiol [a] 106 4 793-798 Amphibia, anura, Bufo bufo, physiology, food, feeding, water balance, cutaneous drinking 1. Toads fed mealworms ad libitum for 24-hr periods once a week retained water in the body in amounts that varied with meal size, as well as temporally. 2. The ratio between masses of water retained and mealworms eaten increased from about 0.5 in May to about 1.3 by mid-July, and declined again at the end of the seasonal feeding period. 3. It is argued that this pattern reflects seasonal variation in the secretion of digestive (gastric) juice in response to meal size. 4. The cutaneous drinking response, reflected in number of visits to the water source, increased in strength with successive feedings. 5. It is suggested that the drinking response to feeding included a secondary, behavioural component, superimposed upon a primary response to feeding. Journal Article Josephson, R.K. 1993 Contraction Dynamics and Power Output of Skeletal Muscle Annu Rev Physiol 55 527-546 Skeletal Muscle; Work; Power; Contraction Kinetics; Shortening Velocity; FORCE-VELOCITY RELATION; LOCUST FLIGHT-MUSCLE; PERFORMING OSCILLATORY WORK; CRAB RESPIRATORY MUSCLE; FROG-MUSCLE; DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE; ISOMETRIC FORCE; MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE; SHORTENING VELOCITIES; SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA Book Section Joss, Jean 1993 Book Review: A Field Guide to the Snakes and lizards of New South Wales Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 150 Book Section Joss, Jean 1993 Book Review: Encylopedia of Australian Animals in four volumes Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 238 Journal Article Journal 1993 Herpetological Natural History 1 1 & 2 1-107; 1-97 Journal Article Joy, J. E.;Pauley, T. K.;Little, M. L. 1993 Prevalence and Intensity of Thelandros magnavulvaris and Omeia papillocauda (Nematoda) in 2 Species of Desmognathine Salamanders from West-Virginia J Helminthol Soc Washington 60 1 93-95 Two species of intestinal nematodes are reported from desmognathine salamanders of the Fernow Experimental Forest, Tucker County, West Virginia. Thelandros magnavulvaris (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae) was recovered from 49.5% of 107 Desmognathus monticola and 14.3% of 119 D. ochrophaeus, respectively. Omeia papillocauda (Seuratoidea: Quimperiidae) was present in 22.4% of the D. monticola and 4.2% of the D. ochrophaeus individuals sampled. Mean intensities of 1.0 for T. magnavulvaris in D. ochrophaeus and 2.5 for O. papillocauda in D. monticola were recorded. Infected individuals of both salamander species were significantly larger than their uninfected counterparts. Journal Article Kadmon, Ronen ;Pulliam, Ronald H. 1993 Island biogeography: Effect of geographical isolation on species composition Ecology 74 4 977-981 colonization island biogeography isolation effects logging similarity indices species composition woody plants Journal Article Kadota, Tetsuo;Goris, Richard C.;Kusunoki, Toyokazu;Kishida, Reiji 1993 FMRF-amide in the pit viper Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 92-93 Journal Article Kadowaki, Seishi 1993 Body temperature and thermoregulation of three sympatric Japanese snakes (Elaphe quadrivirgata, Rhabdophis tigrinus and Agkistrodon blomhoffi blomhoffi) in the field Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 93 Journal Article Kakegawa, Masaichi;Kishi, Fujio 1993 Overwintering adults in the aquatic environment and the breeding of the mountain-stream salamander, Hynobius kimurae Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 80-81 Journal Article Kam, Y.C. 1993 Critical Oxygen Tension of Reptilian Embryos Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 105 4 777-783 RESPIRATORY GAS-EXCHANGE; CHICKEN-EMBRYO; HIGH-ALTITUDE; HYPOXIA; HYPEROXIA; TURTLE; TEMPERATURE; CONSUMPTION; EGG; PO2 Journal Article Kam, Y-C. 1993 Physiological effects of hypoxia on metabolism and growth of turtle embryos Respiration Physiology 92 127-138 hypoxia Journal Article Kamata, Atsushi;Kirisawa, Noriyoshi;Hirose, Hitomi 1993 Superficial mycotic infection in the Japanese pond turtle Mauremys japonica Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 87 Journal Article Kamezaki, Naoki;Matsui, Masafumi 1993 Relative growth of the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 88 Journal Article Kamosawa, Masao;Ota, Hidetoshi 1993 Captive breeding of the parthenogenetic blind snake Ramphotyphlops braminus Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 90 Journal Article Kanamadi, R.D.;Hiremath, C.R.;Schneider, H. 1993 The Advertisement Call of the South Indian Frog Ramanella-variegata (Microhylidae) J Herpetol 27 2 218-219 Journal Article Kanamadi, Ravishankar Dundappa;Hiremath, Channayya rajashekar;Schneider, Hans 1993 The advertisement call of the soutrh Indian frog Ramanella variegata (Microhylidae) Journal of Herpetology 27 2 218-219 Journal Article Kanamadi, R.D.;Schneider, H.;Hiremath, C.R.;Jirankali, C.S. 1993 Vocalization of the Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus (Rhacophoridae) J Biosciences 18 2 239-245 Tree Frog; Mating Call; Distress Call; FEMALE Journal Article Kane, A.S.;Day, W.W.;Reimschuessel, R.;Lipsky, M.M. 1993 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (TFM) toxicity and hepatic microsomal UDP-Glucuronyltransferase activity in larval and adult bullfrogs Aquat Toxicol 27 1-2 51-60 Amphibian; Bullfrog; UDP-Glucuronyltransferase; Tadpole; 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol; RAINBOW-TROUT; SEA LAMPREY; HUMAN-LIVER; GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE; CONJUGATION; FISH; GLUCURONIDATION; CHOLESTEROL; DYNAMICS; TADPOLES Journal Article Kaneko, Shigenori 1993 Observations of the behavior of the toad, bufo japonicus formosus, during the breeding period Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 82 Journal Article Kanui, T.I.;Kimwele, C.N.;Aulie, A. 1993 Influence of Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone on Growth and Feed Intake in Juvenile Nile Crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 106 2 381-384 Journal Article Kao, Y.H.;Alexander, P.S.;Yang, V.V.C.;Yu, J.Y.L. 1993 Annual Patterns of Testicular Development and Activity in the Chinese Bullfrog (Rana rugulosa Wiegmann) Zool Sci 10 2 337-351 SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; PLASMA-LEVELS; SEX STEROIDS; ANNUAL CYCLE; GREEN FROG; ANDROGEN LEVELS; BUFO-JAPONICUS; ESCULENTA; TESTOSTERONE; GONADOTROPINS Journal Article Kaplan, Melissa 1993 Letters to the editor Notes From NOAH 20 12 8-11 iguana diet nutrition herbivore Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V. 1993 Tyhe predatory behavior of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus): Laboratory verses wild mice as prey Herpetologica 49 4 457-463 Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V.;Lavin-Murcio, Pablo A. 1993 Venom delivery of snakes as high-pressure and low-pressure systems Copeia 1993 3 644-650 opisthoglyph Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V.;Haverly, Joseph E. 1993 Drinking by the common boa, Boa constrictor Copeia 1993 3 808-818 Journal Article Kardong, K.V.;Lavinmurcio, P.A. 1993 Venom Delivery of Snakes as High-Pressure and Low-Pressure Systems Copeia 3 644-650 BOIGA-IRREGULARIS; PREDATORY STRIKE; CROTALUS-VIRIDIS; COLUBRIDAE; BEHAVIOR; ENVENOMATION; RATTLESNAKE; SERPENTES; BITES Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V. 1993 The predatory behavior of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus): Laboratory verses wild mice as prey Herpetologica 49 4 457-463 Journal Article Kardong, K. V. 1993 The predatory behavior of the northern pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) - Laboratory versus wild mice as prey Herpetologica 49 4 457-463 Reptilia, serpentes, northern pacific rattlesnake,Crotalus viridis oreganus, physiology, predation, prey Predatory behavior of rattlesnakes is dependent upon or modified by particular routes of sensory input. Experimental studies examining the effects of sensory input commonly use laboratory strains of mice, but this raises the question of how faithfully such mice present a prey stimulus equivalent to that of natural, wild rodents. To examine these effects, I studied the comparative predatory behavior of rattlesnakes using laboratory mice and wild mice under various schedules of sensory deprivation: blindfolded and covering of infrared facial pit. Of 56 scored predatory variables, in only three did rattlesnakes show significant differences in their predatory behavior between laboratory and wild mice. Most such differences were likely related to the more cautious behavior of wild mice. Our conclusions agree with others, namely that with only a few exceptions, laboratory mice elicit predatory behaviors of rattlesnakes equivalent to those of natural rodent prey. Journal Article Karila, P.;Jonsson, A.C.;Jensen, J.;Holmgren, S. 1993 Galanin-Like Immunoreactivity in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Nerves to the Gut of the Atlantic Cod, Gadus-Morhua, and the Effect of Galanin on the Smooth Muscle of the Gut Cell Tissue Res 271 3 537-544 Galanin; Gut; Arteries; Vagus Nerve; Sympathetic Ganglia; Gadus-Morhua (Teleostei); VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; TOAD BUFO-MARINUS; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; GUINEA-PIG; SUBSTANCE-P; PARASYMPATHETIC NEURONS; POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS; SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; CELIAC GANGLION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM Journal Article Karlin, Alvan A.;Guttman, Sheldon I.;Means, D. Bruce 1993 Population structure in the Ouachita Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum Southwestern Naturalist 38 1 36-42 allozyme phylogeny population genetics plethodon ouachitae gutinosus Journal Article Karlin, Alvan A.;Guttman, Sheldon I.;Means, D. Bruce 1993 Population structure in the Ouachita Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Southwestern Naturalist 38 1 36-42 Journal Article Karlin, A. A.;Guttman, S. I.;Means., D. B. 1993 Population structure in the Ouachita Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Southwest Naturalist 38 36-42 Journal Article Karthikeyan, S.;Athreya, R. M.;Prasad, J. N. 1993 A range extension of Calotes nemoricola from the Anaimalais, Western Ghats Hamadryad 18 45-46 Thesis Kaska, Y. 1993 Investigation of Caretta caretta population at Patara and Kizilot Journal Article Kasugai, Kiyoshi;Matsui, Masafumi 1993 Allometry of Rana pirica from Sapporo, Hokkaido Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 83 Journal Article Kato, Junko;Ota, Hidetoshi;Hikida, Tsutomu 1993 On the systematics of the latiscutatus species group of the genus Eumeces from East Asian islands; reconsideration from allozymes data Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 2 90 Journal Article Katz, U.;Hanke, W. 1993 Mechanisms of Hyperosmotic Acclimation in Xenopus laevis (Salt, Urea or Mannitol) J Comp Physiol B 163 3 189-195 Water Uptake; Na-Transport; Oxytocin; Corticosteroids; Clawed Toad, Xenopus-Laevis; OSMOTIC-STRESS; TOAD; TRANSPORT Journal Article Kauffeld, Carl F. 1993 Rape of Habitat Desert Monitor 23 3 15-16 destruction collecting Journal Article Kawamura, Y.;Sakai, A.;Sawai, Y.;Nozaki, M.;Wang, N.-P.;Tan, S.-X. 1993 Studies on the preparation of rabbit antivenom against the venom of Hydrophis cyanocynctus Snake 25 1 1-5 Journal Article Keck, M.B. 1993 New Distributional Records of Amphibians and Reptiles from Titus County, Texas Texas Journal of Science 45 4 360-362 Journal Article Keinath, J. A.;Musick, J. A. 1993 Movements and diving behavior of a leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea Copeia 1993 4 1010-1017 Journal Article Keiser, Edmund D., Jr 1993 Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma (Western cottonmouth). Behavior Herpetological Review 24 1 34 cooperation hunting feeding Journal Article Keith, J.O.;Mitchell, C.A. 1993 Effects of DDE and Food Stress on Reproduction and Body Condition of Ringed Turtle Doves Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 25 2 192-203 PEREGRINE FALCON; BEHAVIOR; ABNORMALITIES; CONTAMINANTS; PREY; EGGS; LAKE Journal Article Keller, Claudia 1993 Use of fluorescent pigment for tortoise nest location Herpetological Review 24 4 140-141 Journal Article Kelling, S.T.;Halpern, B.P. 1993 Gustatory Neural Response Latencies in the Frog Chem Senses 18 2 169-187 TOADS BUFO-AMERICANUS; CHORDA TYMPANI; TASTE STIMULI; NERVE-FIBERS; AMINO-ACIDS; RAT; TONGUE; TRANSDUCTION; SENSITIVITY; PHYSIOLOGY Journal Article Kelly, R.B.;Grote, E. 1993 Protein Targeting in the Neuron Annu Rev Neurosci 16 95-127 Polarity; Sorting; Synaptic Vesicle Biogenesis; Axonal Transport; Membrane Cytoskeleton Interactions; RAT SYMPATHETIC NEURONS; MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN-2; SYNAPTIC VESICLE MEMBRANE; NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR; PC12 PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELLS; FROG NEUROMUSCULAR-JUNCTION; RETINAL GANGLION-CELLS; ACTIN MESSENGER-RNA; KINASE-C SUBSTRATE Journal Article Kelly, Chris 1993 Setting up a dry land terrarium Reptiles 1 1 20-21 Journal Article Kelly, Chris 1993 Fishing for a Dumeril's monitor Reptiles 1 1 76 Book Kelly, Kenneth 1993 The Professional Keeper's Guide to Bullsnakes, Pine Snakes & Gopher Snakes: A Guide to the snakes of the genus Pituophis Aurora, CO Reptile News Press 60 Journal Article Kelly, P. J.;Tagwira, M.;Matthewman, L.;Mason, P. R.;Wright, E. P. 1993 Reactions of sera from laboratory, domestic and wild animals in Africa with protein A and a recombinant chimeric protein AG Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 16 4 299-305 Africa; Animal; Animals, Domestic/*blood; Animals, Laboratory/*blood; Animals, Wild/*blood; Chimeric Proteins/*metabolism; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Human; Immune Sera/immunology/metabolism; Immunoglobulins/metabolism; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism; Protein Kinases; Staphylococcal Protein A/*metabolism An ELISA was developed to determine the reactivity of peroxidase labelled Protein A and a recombinant Protein A + Protein G construct, to sera from a variety of laboratory, domestic and wild animals from Africa. There was variability in the binding capacity of sera from individuals of the same species, but four groups could be recognized. Sera from birds and crocodiles were at most weakly reactive with either Protein A or the chimeric construct. Sera from some domestic animals such as horse, goat and cat, and sera from some wild ungulates including buffalo, wildebeest, waterbuck and impala were reactive with Protein A, but reacted to a much greater degree with the chimeric construct. Sera from larger wild animals such as elephant, rhinoceros and giraffe were strongly reactive with the chimeric protein and moderately reactive with Protein A. Sera from primates and dog, pig, guinea pig and rabbit reacted strongly with both proteins. Chimeric proteins that combine the IgG binding capacities of Protein A and Protein G can be used to detect immunoglobulin from a wide variety of African wild animal species. They may thus be of great value in seroepidemiological investigations of these animal populations. Journal Article Kennett, R.;Christian, K.;Pritchard, D. 1993 Underwater Nesting by the Tropical Freshwater Turtle, Chelodina rugosa (Testudinata, Chelidae) Australian Journal of Zoology 41 1 47-52 Journal Article Kennett, R.;Georges, A.;Palmerallen, M. 1993 Early Developmental Arrest During Immersion of Eggs of a Tropical Freshwater Turtle, Chelodina rugosa (Testudinata, Chelidae), from Northern Australia Aust J Zool 41 1 37-45 INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; CROCODYLUS-POROSUS; SEX DETERMINATION; MORTALITY; PATTERNS; WATER; CROCODILIANS; JOHNSTONI; REPTILES; MOVEMENT Book Section Kennett, R.;Russell-Smith, Jeremy 1993 Seed dispersal by freshwater turtles in northern Australia Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 69-70 elseya dentata Book Section Kennett, Rod;Christian, Keith 1993 Aestivation by freshwater crocodiles Crocodylus johnstoni occupying a seasonally ephemeral creek in tropical Australia Lunney, Daniel and Ayers, Danielle Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Mosman, Australia Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 315-319 Book Section Kennett, R.;Christian, K. 1993 Aestivation by freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) occupying a seasonally ephemeral creek in tropical Australia Lunney, D. and Ayers, D. Herpetology in Australia: A Diverse Discipline Transactions of the Royal Society of New South Wales 315-319 CJ, osmoregulation, physiology, Australia Journal Article Kennett, Rod;Christian, Keith;Pritchard, David 1993 Underwater nesting by the tropical freshwater turtle, Chelodina rugosa (Testudinata: Chelidae) Aust. J. Zool. 41 47-52 Journal Article Kennett, R.;Georges, A.;Palmer-Allen, M. 1993 Early developmental arrest during immersion of eggs of a tropical freshwater turtle, Chelodina rugosa (Testudinata: Chelidae), from northern Australia Australian Journal of Zoology 41 37-45 incubation; tsd Journal Article Kerr, J. B.;McElroy, C. T. 1993 Evidence for large upward trends of ultraviolet-B radiation linked to ozone depletion Science 262 1032-1034 Journal Article Kersting, U.;Napathorn, S.;Spring, K. R. 1993 Necturus gallbladder epithelial cell volume regulation and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism J Membr Biol 135 1 11-8 Animal; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism; Cell Membrane Permeability/physiology; Chlorides/analysis/pharmacokinetics; Cytochrome P-450/physiology; Epithelium/cytology/metabolism/physiology; Gallbladder/*cytology/metabolism/physiology; Indomethacin/*pharmacology; Ketoconazole/*pharmacology; Necturus maculosus/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid/*pharmacology; Osmosis; Sodium/analysis/pharmacokinetics Inhibition of the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the epoxygenase (cytochrome P-450) pathway with the inhibitor ketoconazole results in excessive cell swelling upon exposure to hyposmolality instead of the rapid and complete regulatory volume decrease (RVD) normally observed. NaCl entry from bathing solutions to cell interior was shown to cause this swelling, with Na influx occurring across the basolateral membrane and electrically silent Cl influx across the apical membrane. Ion substitution experiments show that the KCl efflux mediating RVD was unimpaired by ketoconazole, but was overwhelmed by the NaCl influx. Measurements of transepithelial fluid flux, Cl concentration, osmolality and pH showed that gallbladders treated with ketoconazole transiently secreted fluid rather than the normal absorption. We conclude that inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism does not directly affect RVD by Necturus gallbladder, but that blockade of the epoxygenase pathway can have a profound influence on NaCl entry into gallbladder epithelial cells. Journal Article Khaire, A.;Khaire, N. 1993 Occurrence of brown whip snake Ahaetulla pulverulenta (Dum. & Bibr.) in Pune, India Snake 25 147-148 Journal Article Khan, M. S. 1993 A checklist and key to the gekkonid lizards of Pakistan Hamadryad 18 35-41 key agamura femoralis perica alsophylax tuberculatus crossobamon lumsdenii maynardi orientalis cyrtodactylus battalensis dattanensis mintoni kachhensis scaber watsoni eublepharis macularius hemidactylus brookii flaviviridis frenatus leschenaultii persicus triedrus turcicus ptyodactylus homolepis tenuidactylus baturensis fortmunroi indusoani kohsulaimanai montiumsalsorum rohtasfortai walli teratoscincus microlepis scincus fasciata tropiocolotes depressus persicus euphorbiacola helenae Book Khan, Muhammad Sharif 1993 Snakes of Pakistan Rabwah, Pakistan Urdu Science Board 208 + 6 plates Pakistan Journal Article Kieser, C.A.;Klapsidis, C.;Law, L.;Marion, M. 1993 Heterodonty and patterns of tooth replacement in Crocodylus niloticus J. Morphol. 218 195-201 CNL, food, anatomy, Journal Article Kim, R.Y.;Wistow, G.J. 1993 Expression of the Duck alpha-enolase/tau-crystallin Gene in Transgenic Mice FASEB J 7 5 464-469 Lens; Crystallin; Enolase; Evolution; LENS CRYSTALLINS; TAU-CRYSTALLIN; PROTEIN SUPERFAMILY; STRUCTURAL PROTEIN; GAMMA-CRYSTALLIN; TURTLE LENS; RECRUITMENT; EVOLUTION; ENZYME; PURIFICATION Journal Article Kim, J.;Hetherington, T. E. 1993 Distribution and morphology of motoneurons innervating different muscle fiber types in an amphibian muscle complex J Morphol 216 3 327-38 Ambystoma/*anatomy & histology; Animal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Motor Neurons/*ultrastructure; Muscles/*innervation; Rana catesbeiana/*anatomy & histology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. The distribution and morphology of motoneurons innervating specific types of muscle fibers in the levator scapulae superior (LSS) muscle complex of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) were studied by retrograde labelling with cholera toxin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (CT-HRP). The LSS muscle complex in both of these amphibians has a segregated pattern of muscle- fiber types (tonic; fast oxidative-glycolytic twitch [FOG]; fast glycolytic twitch [FG]) along an anteroposterior axis. The entire motor pool was labelled by injection of CT-HRP into the whole LSS muscle complex. The motoneurons innervating specific fiber types were labelled by injection of CT-HRP into certain muscle regions. The organization of the motoneuron pool of the LSS complex of both species was arranged in two columns--one ventrolateral and one medial. In bullfrogs, the ventrolateral column contains motoneurons innervating FG and tonic fiber types and the medial column contains motoneurons innervating FOG fiber types. In tiger salamanders, the ventrolateral column contains motoneurons innervating FG fiber types and the medial column contains motoneurons innervating FOG and tonic fiber types. The different motoneuron types also have different soma sizes and patterns of dendritic arborization. In both species, FG motoneurons are the largest, whereas FOG motoneurons are intermediate in size and tonic motoneurons are the smallest. In bullfrogs, the main dendrites of FG motoneurons extend into the dorsolateral and the ventrolateral gray matter of the spinal cord, whereas the dendrites of FOG motoneurons extend into the ventral and medial cord. In the tiger salamander, dendrites of FG motoneurons extend into the ventrolateral spinal cord and dendrites of the FOG motoneurons extend more generally into the ventral cord. Dendrites of tonic motoneurons in both amphibians were small and short, and difficult to observe. These results establish that motoneurons innervating different types of muscle fibers in the LSS muscle complex are segregated spatially and display consistent morphological differences. Journal Article Kimbrough, Sheri 1993 Aquatic turtles Amateur Herpetoculturist 2 1 12-16 captive care trachemys scripta chrysemys graptemys pseudemys Journal Article King, R.B.;Douglass, J.K.;Phillips, J.B.;Baube, C.L. 1993 Scotopic Spectral Sensitivity of the Optomotor Response in the Green Treefrog Hyla cinerea J Exp Zool 267 1 40-46 PORPHYROPSIN; RHODOPSIN; STIMULI; RETINA; FROG Journal Article King, Richard B. 1993 Microgeographic, historical, and size-correlated variation in water snake diet composition Journal of Herpetology 27 1 90-94 nerodia sipedon insularum diet food Journal Article King, Richard B. 1993 Determinants of offspring number and size in the brown snake, Storeria dekayi Journal of Herpetology 27 2 175-185 fecundidty Journal Article King, R.B. 1993 Color Pattern Variation in Lake Erie Water Snakes - Inheritance Can J Zool 71 10 1985-1990 NERODIA-SIPEDON-INSULARUM; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; GARTER SNAKE; QUANTITATIVE GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS; POLYMORPHISM Journal Article King, R.B. 1993 Determinants of Offspring Number and Size in the Brown Snake, Storeria-dekayi J Herpetol 27 2 175-185 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLES; GARTER SNAKE; EGG SIZE; CLUTCH SIZE; BODY SIZE; ANTIPREDATOR DISPLAYS; THAMNOPHIS-ORDINOIDES; NUTRITIONAL PROVISION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; EVOLUTION Journal Article King, Richard B. 1993 Color-pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: Prediction and measurement of natural selection Evolution 47 6 1819-1833 crypsis natural selection nerodia sipedon predation snakes color-pattern variation; crypsis; natural selection; Nerodia sipedon; predation; snakes; NERODIA-SIPEDON-INSULARUM; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; THAMNOPHIS-ORDINOIDES; SEXUAL SELECTION; PERFORMANCE; CRYPSIS; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATIONS; MORPHOLOGY; PREDATION Book King, Dennis;Green, Brian 1993 Goanna: The Biology of Varanid Lizards Kensington, NSW New South Wales University Press 102 Journal Article King, Richard B. 1993 Color pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: Prediction and measurement of natural selection Evolution 47 6 1819-1833 Reptilia, serpentes, Lake Erie island water snake, Nerodia sipedon, anatomy, color, heredity Journal Article King, Richard B. 1993 Color pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: Inheritance Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 10 1985-1990 Reptilia, serpentes, Lake Erie island water snake, Nerodia sipedon, anatomy, color, heredity Journal Article Kingsbury, B.A. 1993 Thermoregulatory Set Points of the Eurythermic Lizard Elgaria-multicarinata J Herpetol 27 3 241-247 BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; COLEONYX-VARIEGATUS; THERMAL-DEPENDENCE; TEMPERATURE; VERTEBRATES; PERFORMANCE; BIOLOGY; COST Journal Article Kingsbury, Bruce A 1993 Thermoregulatory set points of theeurythermic lizard Elgaria multicarinata Journal of Herpetology 27 3 241-247 thermoregulation Journal Article Kingsford, R.T.;Porter, J.L. 1993 Waterbirds of Lake Eyre, Australia Biol Conserv 65 2 141-151 Australia; Lake Eyre; Waterbirds; Arid; Aerial Survey; ALLIGATOR RIVERS REGION; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; NORTHERN-TERRITORY; ANSERANAS-SEMIPALMATA; MAGPIE GEESE; ABUNDANCE; WATERFOWL; HABITAT; LEVEL; DUCKS Journal Article Kinnamon, S. C. 1993 Role of apical ion channels in sour taste transduction Ciba Found Symp 179 201-10 Animal; Hamsters; Ion Channels/*physiology; Membrane Potentials/physiology; Necturus; Potassium Channels/*antagonists & inhibitors; *Protons; Signal Transduction/*physiology; Sodium Channels/drug effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste/*physiology Sour taste perception depends primarily on the concentration of H+ in the taste stimulus. Acid stimuli elicit concentration-dependent action potentials in taste cells. Recent patch-clamp studies suggest that protons depolarize taste cells by direct interaction with apically located ion channels. In Necturus maculosus, the voltage-dependent K+ conductance is restricted to the apical membrane of taste cells. The current flows through a variety of K+ channels with unitary conductances ranging from 30 to 175 pS, all of which are blocked directly by citric acid applied to outside-out or perfused cell- attached patches. In contrast, hamster fungiform taste cells appear to utilize the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel for acid transduction. Amiloride completely inhibits H+ currents elicited by acid stimuli in isolated taste cells, with an inhibition constant similar to that for amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents (Ki = 0.2 microM). Treatment of isolated taste cells with the bioactive peptide arginine-vasopressin results in similar increases in both the amiloride-sensitive Na+ and H+ currents; the effect is mimicked by 8-bromocyclic AMP. These results suggest that H+ can permeate amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels in hamster fungiform taste cells, contributing to the transduction of sour stimuli. Journal Article Kinneary, Joseph J. 1993 Salinity relations of Chelydra serpentina in a Long Island estuary Journal of Herpetology 27 4 441-446 Journal Article Kirchner, J. A. 1993 Joseph H Ogura Memorial Lecture The vertebrate larynx: adaptations and aberrations Laryngoscope 103 10 1197-201 Animal; Dogs; Evolution; Hominidae; Human; Larynx/abnormalities/*anatomy & histology/physiology; Phonation; Phylogeny; Primates; Ranidae; Reptiles; Respiration; Species Specificity The complex anatomy of the vertebrate larynx shows a steady progression from the simple slit on the floor of the lungfish's pharynx to the fine- tuned mechanism of the human vocal apparatus. The frog's larynx acts as a check valve to prevent collapse of the lungs during a dive, since the animal has no rib cage. The crocodile's laryngeal framework has acquired an epiglottic analogue which fits snugly into the nasopharynx and protects the lower respiratory tract from inundation while the animal drowns its prey. The snake's larynx lies intraorally and can be extended beyond the lower teeth while the reptile leisurely swallows its prey intact. The mammal has acquired a cricothyroid joint, allowing its membranous vocal folds to be stretched during phonation. In Homo sapiens, vocal performance has reached its highest degree of versatility, with a vocal fold capable of adjustment in length, tension and shape. In the course of organic evolution, man appears to have chosen the ability to speak and sing over the security that an intranarial epiglottis would have given him. Journal Article Kirkpatrick, David 1993 Map turtles of the United States Reptile & Amphibian magazine November/December 7-17 graptemys barbouri caglei ernsti flavimaculata geographica gibbonsi nigrinoda oculifera ouachitensis pseudogeographica pulchra versa Journal Article Kiseleva, E.I. 1993 Chemical Interaction of Common Toad Tadpoles (Bufo bufo, Anura Amphibia) with Tadpoles of Other Anurans Dwelling the Same Reservoirs Zh Obshch Biol 54 3 311-316 Journal Article Kiviluoto, T.;Ahonen, M.;Back, N.;Happola, O.;Mustonen, H.;Paimela, H.;Kivilaakso, E. 1993 Preepithelial mucus-HCO-3 layer protects against intracellular acidosis in acid-exposed gastric mucosa Am J Physiol 264 1 Pt 1 G57-63 Acetylcysteine/pharmacology; Acidosis/chemically induced/*prevention & control; Acids; Animal; Bicarbonates/*metabolism; Gastric Mucosa/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism; Mucus/*metabolism; Necturus maculosus; Pepsin A/pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't The role of the preepithelial mucus-HCO-3 layer in protection against intracellular acidosis was investigated in isolated Necturus gastric antral mucosa exposed to luminal acid by simultaneous measurement of intracellular pH (pH(i)) and extracellular surface pH (pHs) in surface epithelium with microelectrode technique. Acidification of the luminal perfusate to pH 2.5 acidified pH(i) in surface epithelial cells from 7.33 +/- 0.02 to 7.20 +/- 0.04, whereas pHs fell from 6.75 +/- 0.21 to 5.20 +/- 0.25 (P 0.01; n = 9), followed by a steady state for at least 2 h. Inhibition of epithelial HCO-3 secretion and transport by removal of serosal HCO-3 and CO2 (HEPES and O2 substitution) during acid exposure provoked a progressive acidification of pHs from 5.60 +/- 0.41 to 2.74 +/- 0.14 in 30 min (P 0.01; n = 9), which was accompanied, after a 5- to 10-min delay, by acidification of pH(i) from 7.21 +/- 0.03 to 5.68 +/- 0.26 (P 0.01). Digestion of the surface mucus gel by pepsin (5% wt/vol) at pH 2.5 caused a slow acidification of pHs from 5.22 +/- 0.59 to 3.60 +/- 0.46 within 2 h. This was followed by a more rapid acidification to 2.53 +/- 0.38 (P 0.01; n = 7), with concomitant acidification of pH(i) from 7.19 +/- 0.05 to 6.03 +/- 0.33 (P 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Journal Article Kleene, S.J. 1993 A Simple Intrapipette Salt Bridge J Neurosci Methods 46 1 11-16 Salt Bridge; Patch-Clamp; Electrophysiology; Chloride; FROG OLFACTORY CILIA; CHANNELS; CLAMP Journal Article Klemens, Michael W.;Berry, Kristin H.;Dohm, Suzanne 1993 International Conference on Conservation, Restoation, and Management of Tortoises and Turtles Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 1 63-64 Journal Article Klemens, Michael W. 1993 Balancing competing demands: economic development and donservation American Museum of Natural History 1993 Environmenta