Reference Type Author Year Title Secondary Author Secondary Title Place Published Publisher Volume Number Pages Keywords Abstract Author Address Journal Article Abate, Ardi 1994 Chameleon Profile: Chamaeleo quadricornis Chameleon Information Network Newsletter 1994 13 21-30 captive care breeding Cameroon Journal Article Abdala, V.;Moro, S. 1994 Musculatura Craneal de algunos geconidos sudamericanos Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 4 Cranial musculature Journal Article Abdulnour-Nakhoul, S.;Khuri, R. N.;Nakhoul, N. L. 1994 Effect of norepinephrine on cellular sodium transport in Ambystoma kidney proximal tubule Am J Physiol 267 5 Pt 2 F725-36 Ambystoma; Animal; Biological Transport/drug effects; Cell Membrane/drug effects/physiology; Comparative Study; Epithelium/drug effects/physiology; In Vitro; Isoproterenol/pharmacology; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*physiology; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology; Perfusion/instrumentation/methods; Potassium/pharmacology; Propranolol/pharmacology; Sodium/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors The effect of norepinephrine (NE) on mechanisms of cellular Na+ transport in the isolated, perfused proximal tubule of Ambystoma tigrinum was examined. Single-barreled voltage and ion-selective microelectrodes were used to determine basolateral (V1), luminal (V2), and transepithelial (V3) membrane potentials and intracellular Na+ activity (alpha Nai). In CO2/HCO3- control solution, addition of NE (10(-6) M) to the bath caused depolarizations of V1, V2, and V3 are decreased alpha Nai. These effects were mimicked by isoproterenol and inhibited by propranolol. Addition of NE in the absence of luminal Na+ and substrates did not cause any changes in V1, V2, V3, or alpha Nai. NE did not affect the changes in membrane potential difference (PD) or alpha Nai caused by removal and readdition of luminal substrates and/or Na+. To study the effect of NE on Na-K-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na-K- ATPase), the pump was inhibited by external K+ removal and then reactivated by readdition of 12 mM K+ to the bath in the presence and absence of NE. Reactivation of the pump caused hyperpolarization of membrane PDs, and alpha Nai recovered monotonically in 3-5 min. The peak hyperpolarizations of V1 and V2 (approximately 1 min) were significantly larger in the presence of NE. During the first 3 min, and also at the same alpha Nai, the rate of decrease of alpha Nai was significantly faster in the presence of NE. In conclusion, these results show a direct effect of NE on cell membrane PDs and alpha Nai in the kidney proximal tubule. Most likely, beta-receptors are involved in mediating the action of NE. Neither Na/H exchange nor Na-substrate cotransport at the luminal membrane are affected by NE. On the other hand, NE activates Na-K-ATPase. Journal Article Abou-Madi, Noha;Jacobson, Elliott R.;Buergelt, Claus D.;Schumacher, Juergen;Williams, Bruce H. 1994 Disseminated undifferentiated sarcoma in an Indian rock python (Python molurus molurus) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 1 143-149 immunohistochemical staining Journal Article Ackerman, R.A. 1994 Temperature, time and reptile egg water exchange Israel J. Zool. 40 3-4 293-306 egg, physiology, temperature Journal Article Acosta, S.;Giraudo, A.;Montanelli, S. 1994 Composición de la ofidiofauna (Reptilia: Serpentes) del Parque Nacional Iguazu, Provincia de Misiones, Argentina Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 6-8 Journal Article Adams, C.E.;Thomas, J.K.;Strnadel, K.J.;Jester, S.L. 1994 Texas Rattlesnake Roundups - Implications of Unregulated Commercial Use of Wildlife Wildlife Society Bulletin 22 2 324-330 Commercialization; Crotalus-Atrox; Rattlesnakes; Roundups; Texas Journal Article Addison, David S. 1994 Caretta caretta (loggerhead sea turtle). Nesting Herpetological Review 25 2 63 Journal Article Addison, D.S. 1994 Natural history notes: Caretta caretta (loggerhead sea turtle). Nesting Herp. Rev. 25 63 Journal Article Adler, Kraig 1994 Howard Kirke Swann (1919-1993) bookseller extraordinaire Herpetological Review 25 1 8 Book Section Adler, Kraig 1994 The remarkable career of Roger Conant Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 17-23 Journal Article Affa'a, Félix-Marie;Amiet, Jean-louis 1994 Progrès récents dans la connaissance des Nyctothères (Protozoaires, Ciliés Hétérotriches) associés aux Anoures [Recent progress in the knowledge of Nyctotherans (Protozoa, Ciliata, Clevelandellida) associated with anurans] Alytes 12 2 75-92 nyctotherus acanthixalus spinosus parasites astylosternus batesi bufo maculatus regularis cryptothylax greshoffii hylarana albolaris leptopelis brevirostris phrynodon sandersoni rana pipiens xenopus fraseri albaretia neonyctotherus nyctotheroides parasicuophora parasicuophora sicuophora opalina Journal Article Affa'a, F.M.;Lynn, D.H. 1994 A review of the classification and distribution of five opalinids from Africa and North America Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 72 4 665-674 ANURA; CEPEDEA Journal Article Aggarwal, R. K.;Majumdar, K. C.;Lang, J. W.;Singh, L. 1994 Generic affinities among crocodilians as revealed by DNA fingerprinting with a Bkm-derived probe Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 22 10601-5 Genetic fingerprint profiles have been successfully used for establishing biological relationships, in linkage analysis, and in studies of population structure but have not so far been used for ascertaining phylogenetic relationships among related groups of species and genera. This is largely because these profiles are thought to evolve too rapidly to be informative over large time intervals. However, we show here that among the Crocodilia, whose phylogeny is a debated issue, these profiles can provide phylogenetically useful information. By using the probe Bkm-2(8), DNA fingerprints with distinct bands distributed in the size range 0.5-23.0 kb were obtained for individuals of 18 species belonging to seven of the eight genera of crocodilians. These genetic profiles showed individual-, species-, and restriction enzyme-specific patterns. In addition, striking differences were observed in the copy number of Bkm-related sequences in genomes of different crocodilian species. The qualitative data from DNA fingerprint profiles, and quantitative data on copy number variation in Bkm-related sequences, suggest that these genera belong to two distinct groups, one of which includes Alligator, Paleosuchus, and Caiman; the other includes Crocodylus, Osteolaemus, Tomistoma, and Gavialis. A close relationship between Tomistoma and Gavialis is also suggested by these results. Journal Article Aguirre, A.A.;Balazs, G.H.;Zimmerman, B.;Galey, F.D. 1994 Organic Contaminants and Trace Metals in the Tissues of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Afflicted with Fibropapillomas in the Hawaiian Islands Marine Pollution Bulletin 28 2 109-114 Journal Article Aguirre, A. 1994 Declining Toad Populations Conservation Biology 8 1 7 Journal Article Aguirre, A. A.;Balazs, G. H.;Zimmerman, B.;Spraker, T. R. 1994 Evaluation of Hawaiian green turtles (Chelonia mydas) for potential pathogens associated with fibropapillomas J Wildlife Dis 30 1 8-15 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle,Chelonia mydas, infection, virus, fibropapillomas, bacteria, chlamydia Thirty-two juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were captured alive in Kaneohe Bay, Island of Oahu, Hawaii, during September 1991. Ten of the turtles sampled were afflicted with green turtle fibropapillomatosis (GTFP) in varying degrees of severity. Virus isolation attempts were negative in all individuals. Using nasopharyngeal and cloacal swabs, we isolated 28 Gram negative bacteria, five Gram positive cocci, Bacillus spp., and diphtheroids. The most common isolated included Pseudomonas fluorescens (68%), P. putrefaciens (66%), Vibrio alginolyticus (50%), non-hemoluytic Streptococcus (50%), V. damsela (47%), and V.fluvialis (47%). Chlamydial antigen was detected in four of the turtles sampled. The primary lesions in animals with GTFP were hyperplasia of squamous epithelial cells and mesodermal proliferation with a marked degree of orthokeratotic hyperkaeratosis. Mites, leeches, and other organisms were associated with the surface of papilloma lesions. The etiologic agent of GTFP was not isolated. Reprint Endnote 94/110 Journal Article Aguirre, A.A.;Balazs, G.H.;Galey, F.D. 1994 Organic contaminants and trace metals in the tissues of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) afflicted with fibropapillomas in the Hawaiian Islands Marine Pollution Bull. 28 2 109-114 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, pathology fibropapilloma, contaminant No correlation was found between the contaminants tested and GTFP because of the low levels detected. Trace metals and other pollutants tested in this study play a minor role in the aetiology of GTFP in a discrete green turtle population at Kaneohe Bay, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Reprint Endnote 94/111 Journal Article Aguirre, A.A.;Balazs, G.H.;Zimmerman, B.;Galey, F.D. 1994 Organic contaminants and trace metals in the tissues of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) afflicted with fibropapillomas in the Hawaiian Islands Marine Pollution Bull. 28 2 109-114 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, pathology fibropapilloma, contaminant No correlation was found between the contaminants tested and GTFP because of the low levels detected. Trace metals and other pollutants tested in this study play a minor role in the aetiology of GTFP in a discrete green turtle population at Kaneohe Bay, Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Reprint Endnote 94/111 Journal Article Ahlberg, P.E.;Luksevics, E.;Lebedev, O. 1994 The First Tetrapod Finds from the Devonian (Upper Famennian) of Latvia Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 343 1305 303-328 EARLIEST-KNOWN TETRAPOD; PHOLIDERPETON-SCUTIGERUM HUXLEY; COAL MEASURES; AMPHIBIA; FISH; ANTHRACOSAURIA; EVOLUTION; FOSSILS; STAPES; ORIGIN Journal Article Ahlberg, P.;Taylor, M. 1994 Upset amphibian New Scientist 143 1942 45 Journal Article Ahlberg, P.E.;Milner, A.R. 1994 The Origin and Early Diversification of Tetrapods Nature 368 6471 507-514 EARLIEST-KNOWN TETRAPOD; GREERERPETON-BURKEMORANI ROMER; SCOTLAND; POROLEPIFORMES; VERTEBRATES; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; AMPHIBIA; FOSSILS; REPTILE Journal Article Akaba, E. J. 1994 Product Review: Tropic Zone reptile warmers Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 3 8 Book Section Akester, John 1994 Captive breeding of the rhinoceros-horned viper, Bitis nasicornis Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 133-140 Journal Article Alberts, Allison 1994 Ultraviolet light and lizards: more than meets the eye Vivarium 5 4 24-25 Journal Article Alberts, Allison 1994 Off to see the lizard: Lessons from the wild Vivarium 5 5 26-28 Journal Article Alberts, Allison 1994 Ultraviolet light & lizards: more than meets the eye Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 16 33-34 Journal Article Alberts, Allison C.;Rostal, David C.;Lance, Valentine A. 1994 Studies on the chemistry and social significance of chin gland secretions in the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii Herpetological Monographs 8 116-124 gopherus agassizii chemical signals proteins behavior Journal Article Alberts, Allison C. 1994 Dominance hierarchies in male lizards: Implications for zoo management programs Zoo Biology 13 479-490 social stress aggression territoriality captive breeding Journal Article Alberts, Allison C. 1994 A reintroduction program for the igusnas of Guantanamo Iguana Times 3 4 10-12 conservation cyclura collei nubila Journal Article Alberts, A.C. 1994 Dominance hierarchies in male lizards - implications for zoo management programs Zoo Biology 13 5 479-490 Reptilia, sauria, management, physiology, propagation Journal Article Albino, A. M. 1994 Estado actual del registro de escamados extinguidos de America de Sur y sus implicancias paleoambientales Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 146-154 Journal Article Alcobendas, Marina;Dopazo, Hernan;Alberch, Pere 1994 Genetic structure and differentation in Salamandra salamandra populations from the Northern Iberian Peninsula Mertensiella 4 7-23 Salamandra salamandra; Genetic differentiation; Microevolustion Journal Article Alcover, J.A.;Mcminn, M. 1994 Predators of Vertebrates on Islands - In Many Insular Faunas, Birds (and Less Commonly Mammals and Reptiles) Prey on Middle- and Large-Size Vertebrates Bioscience 44 1 12-18 Journal Article Aleksic, I.;Tucic, N. 1994 Changes in the components of phenotypic variance and covariance among traits during ontogeny in the sharp-snouted rock lizard (Lacerta oxycephala) Amphibia-Reptilia 15 1 47-61 growth Journal Article Ali, A.;Krone, P.H.;Heikkila, J.J. 1994 (dA-dC)(n)center dot(dG-dT)(n) repeats mark the boundaries of a recent insertion event into a subgroup of Xenopus laevis hsp 30 gene promoters Genome 37 3 512-515 Z-DNA; gene duplication; recombination; HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; GLOBIN GENES; DNA; SEQUENCES; EXPRESSION; EMBRYOS; REGIONS; FAMILY; CELLS Journal Article Alibardi, Lorenzo 1994 Production of immature erythrocytes in lizard during tail regeneration Animal Biology 3 139-147 Journal Article Allan, S.E.;Simmons, A.M. 1994 Temporal features mediating call recognition in the green treefrog, Hyla cinerea: Amplitude modulation Animal Behaviour 47 5 1073-1086 NORTH-AMERICAN TREEFROGS; NEOTROPICAL TREEFROG; BEHAVIOR Journal Article Allard, Marc W.;Miyamoto, Michael M.;Bjorndal, Karen A.;Bolten, Alan B.;Bowen, Brian W. 1994 Support for natal homing in green sea turtles from mitochondrial DNA sequences Copeia 1994 1 34-41 PCR primer DNA sequencing Journal Article Allard, M.W.;Miyamoto, M.M.;Bjorndal, K.A.;Bolten, A. B.;Bowen, B.W. 1994 Support for natal homing in green turtles from mitochondrial DNA sequences Copeia 1 34-41 green; dna; conservation Journal Article Allen, Henry 1994 This dragon will slay you Desert Monitor 25 2 8-10 Book Section Allen, Mary E.;Oftedal, Olav T. 1994 The nutrition of carnivorous reptiles Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 71-82 Journal Article Allen, Amber L.;Albright, Melissa K.;Powell, Robert 1994 Notes on the reproductive biology of Anolis barahonae (Squamata: Polychrotidae) a crown-dwelling giant anole from Hispaniola Herpetological Natural History 2 2 93-95 Anolis barahonae; Hispaniola; Reproductive biology Journal Article Allen, Richard 1994 Teratoscincus scincus the plate-tailed gecko Reptilian 2 7 26-29 Teratoscincus scincus Journal Article Allen, Richard 1994 Leucistic Texas ratsnakes: A UK first captive-breeding Reptilian 2 4 18-19 Journal Article Allen, M.E.;Bush, M.;Oftedal, O.T.;Rosscoe, R.;Walsh, T.;Holick, M.F. 1994 Update on vitamin-D and ultraviolet-light in basking lizards American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Annual Conference, Proceedings 314-316 Reptilia, sauria, physiology, vitamin D, basking Journal Article Allen, A. L.;Albright, M. K.;Powell, R. 1994 Notes of the reproductive biology of Anolis barahonae (Squamata: Polychrotidae) a crown-dwelling giant anole from Hispaniola Herpetological Natural History 2 93-95 reproductive biology, Anolis barahonae, Squamata, Polychrotidae, anole, Hispaniola Journal Article Allen, L. 1994 Cast ashore Nature Conservancy 44 3 16-23 Journal Article Allen, Leslie 1994 Cast Ashore: Florida's sea turtles search for a safe haven Nature Conservancy 1994 May/June 16-23 Journal Article Allison, Linda J.;Brunkow, Paul E.;Collins, James P. 1994 Opportunistic breeding after summer rains by Arizona tiger salamanders Great Basin Naturalist 54 4 376-379 diet ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum Journal Article Allsteadt, John 1994 Nesting Ecology of Caiman crocodilus in Caño Negro, Costa Rica Journal of Herpetology 28 1 12-19 fuscus chiapasius reproduction egg size incubation temperature mortality predation SEX-RATIOS; EVOLUTIONARY; ALLIGATOR; SUCCESS Journal Article Allsteadt, J. 1994 Nesting ecology of Caiman crocodilus in Caño Negro, Costa Rica J. Herpetol. 28 1 12-19 CCR, CF, nest, reproduction, temperature, Journal Article Almengor, Marta Araúz;Somarriba, Cibeles;Castro, Juan Carlos 1994 Eretmochelys imbricata (hawksbill). Reproduction Herpetological Review 25 1 24 Journal Article Alsadoon, M.K.;Abdo, M.N. 1994 Comparative Metabolic Rate-Temperature Curves of Phrynocephalus arabicus Anderson, 1894 and Agama [stellio] stellio brachydactyla Hass, 1951 (Agamidae, Sauria, Reptilia) Journal of Arid Environments 28 3 249-256 Oxygen Consumption; Temperature; Agama; Phrynocephalus; THERMAL-ACCLIMATION; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; LACERTA-VIVIPARA; DESERT LIZARD Journal Article Althaus, R.;Malinskas, G.;Gasparotti, M.;Miglieta, C. 1994 Caraterísticas comestibles de la carne de Tupinambis teguixin Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 19-21 Tupinambis teguixin Journal Article Althaus, R.;Troiano, J.;Scaglione, L.;Scaglione, M. 1994 Fragilidad osmótica globular eritrocitos de Geochelone chilensis Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 22-25 Geochelone chilensis Journal Article Altimari, Bill 1994 Dinosaurs in field and laboratory Sonoran Herpetologist 7 2 10-15 Journal Article Alvarez, Rafael 1994 Efecto de la pinealectomía sobre las células interrenales y los órganos linfoides de ranas Rana perezi (Anura: Ranidae) [Effects of pinealectomy on the interrenal cells and the lymphoid organs of frogs, Rana perezi (Anura: Ranidae)] Revista Española de Herpetología 8 71-79 Rana perezi; Pinealectomy; Immune system; Interrenal cells Journal Article Alvarez, B. B;Cei, José M.;Scolaro, J. A. 1994 A new subspecies of Tropidurus spinulosus (Cope 1862) from the subtropical wet mesic Paraguayan region (Reptilia Squamata Tropiduridae) Tropical Zoology 7 161-179 Tropidurus spinulosus guarani subsp. nov. Journal Article Alving, Wendy Rockhill;Kardong, Kenneth V. 1994 Aging in snakes: Results of long-term captivity on rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) predatory behavior Zoo Biology 13 537-544 feeding Journal Article Alving, W.R.;Kardong, K.V. 1994 Aging in snakes - Results of long-term captivity on rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) predatory behavior Zoo Biology 13 6 537-544 Reptilia, serpentes, rattlsnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus, aging, behaviour Book Section Amato, G.;Gatesy, J. 1994 PCR assays of variable nucleotide sites for identification of conservation units Schierwater, B. and al., et. Experientia Supplementum (Basel) 69. Molecular ecology and evolution: Approaches and applications. xi + 622 pp. 215-226 techniques, taxonomy, A number of authors have recently suggested that the best approach for identifying units of conservation is to follow a systematics model of character analysis (Amato, 1991; Cracraft, 1991; Vogler and DeSalle, 1994). This approach necessitates the use of an operational, typological, evolutionary species concept. The use of the phylogenetic species concept has the utility and philosophical logic appropriate for this task. Additionally, there is a large body of literature that uses this framework, along with a parsimony based character analysis to identify patterns of phylogeny (Cracraft, 1983; Nelson and Platnick, 1981; Nixon and Wheeler, 1990). While we advocate this approach, we recognize that one of its limiting factors is sample size. We propose that by selective direct sequencing plus rapid sampling of variable target characters by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of specific sites, sufficiently large numbers of individuals can be accurately, inexpensively, and quickly surveyed for diagnostic characters. This procedure is demonstrated by a survey of variable nucleotide sites in the Caiman crocodilus complex. Journal Article Ambrose, P. 1994 Tarred Loggerhead Turtles Marine Pollution Bulletin 28 5 273 Journal Article Ambrose, P. 1994 Tarred loggerhead turtles Mar. Pollut. Bull. 28 5 273 Journal Article Ambu, S.;Ng, C. S.;Raudzah, A.;Zaiton, J. 1994 Efficacy of Naja kaouthia and Calloselasma rhodostoma antivenoms against other neurotoxic and haemotoxic snake venoms Snake 26 1 71-75 cross neutralisation Journal Article Amr, Zuhair S.;Al-Oran, Ratib;Disi, Ahmad M. 1994 Reptiles of southern Jordan Snake 26 1 41-49 distribution bunopus tuberculatus tropiocolotes steudneri phrynocephalus arabicus coluber elegantissimus cerastes hemidactylus ptyodactylus stenodactylus agama uromastix chamaeleo acanthodactylus ophisops messelina lacerta calcides eumeces mabuya scincus varanus eryx eirenis malpolon psammophis rhychocalamus lytrorhynchus spalerosophis telescopus echis pseudocerastes Journal Article Amr, Z. S.;El-Oran, R. M.;Shwayt, S. N. 1994 Snake bites in Jordan Snake 26 2 111-115 Snakebite; Jordan; Vipers Journal Article Anan'eva, N. B.;Tuniev, B. S. 1994 Some aspects of historical biogeography of Asian rock agamids Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 1 42-52 laudakia systematics distribution evolution agroensis badakhshana caucasia chernovi erythrogastra himalayana lehmanni melanura microlepis nupta nuristanica sacra stellio stoliczkana tuberculata pakistanica Journal Article Anan'eva, N. B.;Orlov, N. L. 1994 Caudal autotomy in colubrid snake Xenochrophis piscator from VIetnam Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 2 169-171 Journal Article Anan'eva, N. B.;Tuniyev, B. S. 1994 Some aspects of historical biogeography of Asian rock agamids Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 1 42-52 laudakia systematics distribution evolution agroensis badakhshana caucasia chernovi erythrogastra himalayana lehmanni melanura microlepis nupta nuristanica sacra stellio stoliczkana tuberculata pakistanica Journal Article Anderson, I. 1994 Cane Toads on the Export Menu New Sci 142 1926 7 Journal Article Anderson, Michele 1994 The brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) "heart operation" Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 1 13-15 surgery Journal Article Anderson, Eric 1994 Poison-dart frogs in captivity Reptiles 1 5 24-28 dendrobates epipedobates phyllobates breeding Journal Article Anderson, Julian L. 1994 Exclosures on the Beaver Dam Slope in Arizona and Utah Rangelands 16 5 184-188 Journal Article Anderson, N.L. 1994 Successful treatment of a urolith associated with a fungal cystitis in Iguana iguana American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Annual Conference, Proceedings 52-56 reptilia, squamata, sauria, iguanidae, Iguana iguana, kidney, bladder, calculus, disease, infection, fungus in Junge, R.E. Editor October 22-27, 1994 Pittsburgh Journal Article Anderson, R. A. 1994 Functional and population responses of the lizard Cnemidophorus tigris to environmental fluctuations American Zoologist 34 3 409-421 Reptilia, sauria, Cnemidophorus tigris, environment Journal Article Ando, K.;Okura, N. 1994 Aminergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive innervation in the cerebral arterial system and choroid plexus of the newt Triturus pyrrhogaster, with special reference to the plexus innervation Zoological Science 11 5 745-752 CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID PRODUCTION; BLOOD-VESSELS; REGIONAL DIFFERENCES; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; MECHANISMS; NERVES Journal Article Andrades, J. A.;Perez, J.;Fernandezllebrez, P. 1994 Combined use of immunocytochemistry and lectin histochemistry for the study of the hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the snake Natrix maura (L.) Ann Anatomy 176 3 259-261 Reptilia, serpentes, Natrix maura, anatomy, physiology, hypothalamus Natrix maura snakes were processed for immunocytochemistry and lectin histochemistry at both light- and electron-microscopic levels. Antisera against bovine neurophysins, vasotocin and mesotocin were used as well as concanavalin A, wheat germ and Limax flavus agglutinin lectins. The hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei were studied. Vasotocin neurons should contain a glycopeptide and displayed large colloid droplets consisting of large cisternae filled with packed secretory material. Mesotocin was located in different neurons. Reprint Endnote 94/193 Book Section Andreone, Franco 1994 Husbandry and captive spawning of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus insubricus Cornalia) Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 228-231 notophthalmus viridescens Book Andreone, Franco;Gavetti, Elena 1994 "Collezioni Invisibili" Amphibia Torino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali 36 Journal Article Andrews, R.M.;Rose, B.R. 1994 Evolution of viviparity: Constraints on egg retention Physiological Zoology 67 4 1006-1024 SCELOPORUS-AENEUS; HIGH ELEVATION; LIVE-BEARING; LIZARD; SIZE; REPTILES; EMBRYOS Journal Article Andrews, Robin M. 1994 Activity and thermal biology of the sand-swimming skink Neoseps reynoldsi: Deil and seasonal patterns Copeia 1994 1 91-99 Journal Article Andrews, Robin M.;Stamps, Judy A. 1994 Temporal variation in sexual size dimorphism of Anolis limifrons in Panama Copeia 1994 3 613-622 BODY SIZE; EUMECES-LATICEPS; TROPICAL LIZARD; INDIVIDUALS; DOMINANCE; SELECTION; GROWTH; SAGREI Journal Article Andrews, Harry V.;Whitaker, Romulus 1994 Status of the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus Schneider, 1801) in North Andaman Island Hamadryad 19 79-92 Book Section Andrews, R. M.;Wright, S. J. 1994 Long-term population fluctuations of a tropical lizard: a test of causality Vitt, L. J. and Pianka, E. R. Lizard Ecology: Historical and Experimental Perspectives Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press 267-285 reptiles, lizards, population and community ecology, dynamics, anoles, norops limifrons, density, growth, survival, reproduction, eggs Journal Article Andrews, R. M. 1994 Activity and thermal biology of the sand-swimming skink Neoseps reynoldsi: Diel and seasonal patterns Copeia 1994 1 91-99 reptiles, lizard, scincidae, body temperature, substrate, activity Journal Article Andrews, R. M.;Rose., B. R. 1994 Evolution of viviparity: constraints on egg retention Physiological Zoology 67 1006-1024 Journal Article Andronikov, V. B.;Danielyan, F. D.;Passinkova, R. A. 1994 Role of phylogenetic relations and conditions of habitat of lizards of "Lacerta saxicola" complex in formation of the heat resistance level of tissue as specific character Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 1 53-59 temperature adaptation thermostability of cells and tissues speciation environment Journal Article Angilletta, Michael J., Jr 1994 Sedentary behavior by green mambas Dendroaspis angusticeps Herpetological Natural History 2 2 105-111 Dendroaspis angusticeps; behavior Journal Article Anguiano, O.L.;Montagna, C.M.;Dellamas, M.C.;Gauna, L.;Dedangelo, A.M.P. 1994 Comparative Toxicity of Parathion in Early Embryos and Larvae of the Toad, Bufo arenarum Hensel Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 52 5 649-655 CHLORPYRIFOS; CHEMICALS; FISHES Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Feature: Virus studies Froglog 9 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The second World Congress of Herpetology held at Adelaide, Australia Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 4 155-163 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Review of the presentation: Disappearing Australian rainforest frogs: Have we found the answer? Froglog 9 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Review of the article: Unusual mortality associated with poxvirus-like particles in frogs (Rana temporaria) Froglog 9 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Review of the articles: Cytopathologic observations and epizootiology of frog erythrocytic virus in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Ultrastructural, biochemical and biophysical properties of an erythrocytic virus of frogs from Ontario, Canada Froglog 9 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Big lizards NTHS News 12 11 6 alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Difficulties associated with breeding and rearing lizards at Edinburgh Zoo Scottish Herpetological Society Newsletter 1994 November 2-7 basiliscus vittatus physignathus concinus plumifrons lacerta viridis pogona vitticeps amphibolurus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Part IV. Raising of hatchlings to adult breeding size MSH Newsletter 1994 January 5-6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 A declaration concerning turtles and tortoises Sonoran Herpetologist 7 1 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Critical nabitat proposed for desert tortoise Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 1 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 New wildlife regulations Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 5 1 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Las Vegas woman sentenced for violation of endangered species laws Desert Tortoise Council Newsletter Winter 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Biographical sketch: Dr. Fredric L. Frye Notes From NOAH 21 4 12-13 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 In memory of Max Greene Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 2 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Don't know what to do with leftover crickets? Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 2 12 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 My reptile house Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter January 7 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The giants - Varanidae: Teiidae: Iguanidae. Monitors - Tegus - Iguanas Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter January 8 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 USFWS publishes updated CITES list Cold Blooded News 21 2 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 A consolidated species chart: CITES-listed species USFWS threatened, endangered and candidate species Cold Blooded News 21 2 4-12 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Iguana bloodworms Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 3 10 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The making of a classic Reptile & Amphibian magazine March/April 14-15 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Recommended diet for iguanas Sonoran Herpetologist 7 3 23 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Moving down the food chain: Raising crayfish Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 3 21 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Biographical sketch: Dr. Sherman A. Minton Notes From NOAH 21 5 3-4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Variations on a theme Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 67 9-10 elaphe guttata Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Herp Facts: The American alligator Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 1 14-15 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 MHS general care sheet for box turtles Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 1 16-17 terrapene carolina ornata captivity Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Protection sought for box turtles Notes From NOAH 21 6 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Biographical sketch: Paul Freed Notes From NOAH 21 6 12 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 In Memoriam: Dr. C. J. (Jack) McCoy Herpetologists' League Communications 1 1 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 In Memoriam: Roger W. Barbour 1919-1993 Herpetologists' League Communications 1 1 3 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 New Fish & Game regulations take effect Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 4 9 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The endocrine connection Froglog 9 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 NYTSS action alert Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 3 3-4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Alligator snapping turtle farm opened in Churubusco Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 3 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Code of ethics of herpetology Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Systematiek Terra 30 1 3-6 classification of amphibians and reptiles families Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Plethodontohyla notosticta (Günther, 1877) Terra 30 2 23-26 distribution habitat Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Marty Capron - lifelong herper Reptile & Amphibian magazine May/June 94-95 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The U.S. Endangered Species Act Cold Blooded News 21 3 5-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Of monitors and men Wisconsin Herpetological Society May 9 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Cal. Dept. of Fish and Game Regulations Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 5 44 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Special agreement protects endangered species of tortoise and 45,000 acres of prime grassland Sonoran Herpetologist 7 5 37 gopherus bolsoni Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Portal celebrates passage of Cave Creek Canyon Protection Act Sonoran Herpetologist 7 5 38 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Tracking the timber rattlesnake Herper's Bizarre 5 2 8-10 crotalus horridus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Summary of the amphibian count field trip Intermontanus 3 3 20 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 MHS hands-on rules Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 4 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Calaveras' frogs make way for toad hallucinogens Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 4 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 California Zoological Supply's sanitary guidelines for keeping reptiles. Tips on avoiding Salmonella Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 4 12 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Heterixalus alboguttatus (Boulenger, 1882) Terra 30 3 39-42 madagascar Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Tilburgse Terrarium Vereniging Mededelingenblad [Tilburg Terrarium Society Announcements] Tilburgse Terrarium Vereniging Mededelingenblad [Tilburg Terrarium Society Announcements] 11 11 1-16 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 SHIS [Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service] publications...continued Notes From NOAH 21 8 12-16 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Biographical sketch: Donald L. Burton, D.V.M. Notes From NOAH 21 8 17 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Toads hop into drug scene Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 5 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Group nabs critters from center Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 5 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Hands-on rules Cold Blooded News 21 6 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Mysterious deaths of 2 mangrove monitors VaraNews 4 2/3 15 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Audio Tape Review: The calls of frogs and toads - Eastern and Central North America Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 6 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 A little about the international trade of reptiles Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 6 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Before you buy a live animal Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 6 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Review of the article: First isolation of Calicivirus from reptiles and amphibians Froglog 9 2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Development, disease, and dollars at center of desert tortoise controversy Notes From NOAH 21 9 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Biographical sketch: Michael J. Tyler Notes From NOAH 21 9 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Mixed croc-tales Sonoran Herpetologist 7 7 58 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Tough to be a turtle: Part 1 Sonoran Herpetologist 7 7 58 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Tough to be a turtle: Part 2 Sonoran Herpetologist 7 7 58 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Book review: A-Z of Snake Keeping Sonoran Herpetologist 7 7 59-60 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Book review: Chelonian Conservation Biology Sonoran Herpetologist 7 7 60 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Respiratory infection endangering Florida's gopher tortoises Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 7 8 gopherus polyphemus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Tegus-Care in captivity Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 7 9 tupiambis Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Book review: Salamanders of Ohio Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 7 3 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Venomous herps: A view from the society Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 7 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Massamauga rattlesnake facts Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 7 5 sistrurus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 GDHS hands-on exhibiting guidelines Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 7 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Jamaican iguanas 'back' Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 6 58-59 cyclura collei Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The pygmy bluerongue lizard Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 15 30-31 tiliqua adelaldensis scincoides egernia striolata occipitalis cyclodomorphus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Statement of the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust (J.W.P.T.) on the incident at Ampijoroa, Madagasgar, March 1993 Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 1 8-12 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Phelsuma sundbergi ladiguensis Terra 30 4 58-59 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Visions d' Australie: le congrès d' Adélaïde [Visions of Australia: the congress in Adelaide] La Tortue 1994 26 8-9 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Visions d' Australie: Chéloniens venus d'ailleurs [Visions of Australia: Turtles from another place] La Tortue 1994 26 17-23 chelondina oblonga carettochelys insculpta trionyx rugosa pseudemydura umbrina Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Le Village des Tortues s'agrandit [The Tortoise Village is getting bigger] La Tortue 1994 26 24-26 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Springtime at springtime: Where're the herps? New Mexico Herpetological Society Newsletter 31 3 1-2 cnemidophorus exsanguis crotaphytus collaris sceloporus poinsettii undulatus urosaurus ornatus rana chiricahuensis thamnophis elegans pituphis melanoleucus affinis Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Why is lighting for reptiles so important? JHS News 8 7 2 UV ultraviolet light Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Turtle and tortoise papers presented at the Second World Congress of Herpetology Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 2 163-165 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Box turtle update Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 8 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 California stamp program likes herps Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 17-19 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Herpetological literature for children Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 34-36 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Box turtles proposed for C.I.T.E.S. listing Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 85 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Where man and turtle meet Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 9 8-9 caretta natator depressa chelonia mydas dermochelys coriacea Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Where's Ruby? Desert Museum and the Pajarito Mountains Tampa Bay Herpetological Society Newsletter 7 5 5-9 collecting field Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Hier die pad! [Here that toad!] Het Terrarium 12 3 38-39 Bufo marinus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Prominent Pennsylvania Herpetologists. Part 1. Spencer Fullerton Baird Herper's Bizarre 5 3 12-13 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Vétérinaire pour tortues; un spécialité rare. [Veterinarians for tortoises; a rare specialty] La Tortue 1994 27 2-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Comportement atypique de deux tortues australiennes. [Atypical behavior in Australian turtles] La Tortue 1994 27 25-29 pseudemydura umbrina chelodina rugosa nesting Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Des lieux d'accueil pour les tortues de Floride. [On the reception centers for the turtles of Florida] La Tortue 1994 27 30-33 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Snake mites: Their treatment and prevention Wisconsin Herpetological Society 1994 September 4-5 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Club profile: Jacksonville Herpetological Society Reptiles 2 1 14 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Regimento do Grupo de Estudos de Quelônios do Brasil (GEQB). [Regulations of the Group for Studies of turtles of Brazil (GEQB)] Chelonia Neotropica 1 1 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Captive care sheet: Fire salamanders, Salamandra salamandra Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 1994 74 9-12 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Island reptiles and how they got there Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 18 16-18 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Defence Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 18 19-20 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Rattlesnake roundups Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 10 1 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Using color prints in herpeto-photography Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Nov./Dec. 58-63 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Club profile: Chicago Herpetological Society Reptiles 2 2 14 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Treatment and observation history for osteomyelitis in tortoises Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 19 17-19 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The coming of reptiles Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 19 21 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Minutes of the Wildlife (trade and keeping) Management advisory committee Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 19 27-39 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Slither aerobics Cold Blooded: The Newsletter of the Jacksonville Herpetological Society 8 9 6-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Sea turtle poachers nailed in Puerto Rico Traffic USA 13 2 9 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Crutchfield conviction thrown out Traffic USA 13 2 9 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Export bans, restrictions, and quotas Traffic USA 13 2 12-13 caiman crocodilus yacare python regius Brazil Ghana chiapasius nicaragua Journal Article Anonymous 1994 "Significant trade" species update Traffic USA 13 2 13-14 rana hexadactyla tigerina ptyas mucosus python regius malacochersus tornieri Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Tortoise exports questioned Traffic USA 13 2 15 geochelone elegans gigantea pardalis Journal Article Anonymous 1994 FWS rules on Nile crocodile Traffic USA 13 1 6 crocodylus niloticus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Argentine reptile smuggler jailed Traffic USA 13 1 7 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Serpents surround smugglers Traffic USA 13 1 7-8 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 New York turtle traders raided Traffic USA 13 1 8 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Tortoiseshell trade: end of an era? Traffic USA 13 1 9 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 PNG Adopts croc tagging scheme Traffic USA 13 1 11-12 Papua New Guinea crocodylus porosus novaeguineae Journal Article Anonymous 1994 CITES issues trade recommendations Traffic USA 13 1 13 ptyas mucosus python regius rana tigerina hexadactyla malacochersus tornieri Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Galapagos tortoise update Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 3 113 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Regional news Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 19 5 2;18-19 rana subaquavocalis plethodon neomexicanus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Announcing the National Herpetological Alliance Vivarium 6 3 44-45 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Cynops ensicauda popei Terra 30 8 114 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Geochelone pardalis babcocki (Loveridge 1935) Terra 30 8 119-120 africa Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Indotestudo elongata elongata (Blyth, 1853) Terra 30 8 121-122 thailand Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The use of vitamin D3 in lizards breeding programmes Scottish Herpetological Society Newsletter 1994 November 8-9 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Research Proposal: Survey of Amphibians of Kerala - Survey at the proposed Pooyamkutty Hydro Electric Power Project site Kerala Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 11 20-23 uv light Journal Article Anonymous 1994 wild caught vs. captive bred Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 7 84 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Défense et illustration de l'histoire naturalle avec Muséum 2000 [Defense and illustration of natural history with Museum 2000 Alytes 12 3 122 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 American chameleons (anoles) Anolis carolinensis Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 12 12 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Brazil: caiman export rules Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 10-11 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Colombia: lost luggage necessitates export permit changes Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 $5,000 reward for stolen albino ball pythons Herp News Today 1994 November 1 Journal Article Anonymous, [Breck Bartholomew] 1994 Climate change and temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles Sonoran Herpetologist 7 12 113 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Maintainance and breeding of the Honduran milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum hondurensis at Edinburgh Zoo Scottish Herpetological Society Newsletter 1994 December 1-4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 NMHS December Banquet: The reality of rattlesnake roundups New Mexico Herpetological Society Newsletter 31 5 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Phelsuma sunbergi ladiguensis Terra 30 5 66-69 Seychelles Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Mantidactylus liber (Peracca, 1893) Terra 30 5 71-74 madagascar Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Basiliscus basiliscus (Linnaeus, 1758) Terra 30 9 135-136 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758) Terra 30 9 137-138 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 More protection for north QLD crocodiles Search 25 8 240 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Boophis goudoti (Tschudi, 1838) Terra 30 6 87-90 rhacophoridae Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Recovery Updates: Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) Endangered Species Technical Bulletin 19 6 14-15 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Retour en Ligurie. [Return to Ligurie] La Tortue 1994 27 8 testudo hermanni conservation repatriation distribution Journal Article Anonymous 1994 California Zoological Supply's sanitary guidelines for keeping repiles. Tips on avoiding Salmonella Cold Blooded News 21 6 8-10 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Herpetology 1994 Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 12 282-283 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 MAROC le commerce continue [Morocco - the trade continues] La Tortue 1994 28 7-9 turtle tortoise trade Journal Article Anonymous 1994 TRAFFIC Europe La Tortue 1994 28 10 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 "il voit des tortues partout" La Tortue 1994 28 20-26 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 A lire absolument La Tortue 1994 28 27-29 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 News La Tortue 1994 28 31-33 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Humane Society preliminary report on turtle trade Notes From NOAH 22 3 3-4 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Boophis madagascariensis (Peters, 1874) Terra 30 10 151-154 Madagascar Journal Article Anonymous 1994 "Flat faced" vs "conical" shaped heat emitters Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 11 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Saving graces Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 3 14 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Ultraviolet light and a healthy lizard Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 7 7 dipsosaurus anolis Journal Article Anonymous 1994 UV-B linked to declines Sonoran Herpetologist 7 7 57-58 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 DAPCAN IV Froglog 1994 11 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 A proposed North American amphibian monitoring program executive summary Froglog 1994 11 2-3 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 In Nevada, the odds are against the amargosa toad Froglog 1994 11 3-4 Bufo nelsoni Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Crocodile Specialist Group Steering Committee meeting 7 November 1994, Fort Lauderdale, FL USA Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 2-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Crocodile Specialist Group, CITES 9th Conference of the Parties 7-18 November 1994, Fort Lauderdale, FL USA Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 7-8 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Croc study wounds dinosaur theory Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 21 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Editorial Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 1-2 Sri Lanka Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Biographical sketch: Dr. John B. Iverson Notes From NOAH 21 7 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Croakings Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 87-90 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 "Herp media watch" Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 96-101 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The Mary River tortoise: A new genus and species of short-necked chelid from Queensland, Australia (Testudines: Pleurodira) Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 54 elusor macrurus elseya Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Zweite Weltkonferenz der Herpetologie [The Second World Congress of Herpetology] TI Magazin 1994 118 72 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Smuggling... The greatest threat to endangered bahamian iguanas! Iguana Times 3 1 7-8 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Use of full spectrum ultra-violet lighting at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Iguana Times 3 1 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Respiratory diseases in iguanas Iguana Times 3 1 14 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Chelonoides cardonaria (Spix, 1824) Terra 30 7 103-104 Chelonoides carbonaria Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Chelonoides denticulata (Linnaeus, 1766) Terra 30 7 105-106 Chelonoides denticulata Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Phelsuma klemmeri Terra 30 7 110-111 Phelsuma klemmeri Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The grass snake (Natrix natrix) Reptilian 2 9 18-19 Natrix natrix Journal Article Anonymous 1994 International Iguana Society Reptilian 2 9 20 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 West Midland Safari Park Reptilian 2 9 34-38 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 CITES update Reptilian 2 9 40 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Seizures and prosecutions Reptilian 2 8 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) Reptilian 2 8 14-15 Coronella austriaca Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Herptile consultancy Reptilian 2 8 16 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 What's New? Albino labyrinth Burmese python Reptilian 2 8 19 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Reptilian 2 8 20 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The slow worm (Anguis fragilis) Reptilian 2 7 34-36 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Book Review: A guide to the snakes of papua New Guinea Reptilian 2 6 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The adder (Vipera berus) Reptilian 2 6 30-31 Vipera berus Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The natterjack toad Bufo calamita Reptilian 2 5 7 Bufo calamita Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Creating the right environment: The Paludarium: The best of two worlds Reptilian 2 5 30-32 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 What is an albino? Reptilian 2 4 6-8 Albino Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Studies on a Natural Monument, Shrirohebi (albino Elaphe climacophora) on the Iwakuni in Japan Reptilian 2 4 9-11 Elaphe climacophora; Albino Journal Article Anonymous 1994 An introduction to the genetic os colour mutation Reptilian 2 4 15-17 Albino Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Breeding colour mutations: Predicting the characteristics of the offspring Reptilian 2 4 20 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The Sussex Amphibian and Reptile Group Reptilian 2 4 21 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The smooth newt Triturus vulgaris Reptilian 2 4 25;27;30 Triturus vulgaris Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Book Review: handbook of antimicrobial therapy for Reptiles and Amphibians Reptilian 2 4 31 Book Review Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Places to visit: Natural World Reptilian 2 3 32-34 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The madagascan hognose snake (Lioheterodon madagascariensis) Reptilian 2 3 35-36 Lioheterodon madagascariensis Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) Reptilian 2 3 38 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Places to visit: Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust Reptilian 2 2 16-19 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Reptilian 2 2 21 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 The Egg L'Oef La tortue 29 8-15 Reptilia, testudines, Testudo hermanni, physiology, egg Reprint Endnote 95/75 Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Reptile-associated Salmonellosis. August 1994. Washington: Humane Society of the United States. Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, infection, bacteria, salmonella Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Live Freshwater Turtle and Tortoise Trade in the United States. Nov. 1994. Preliminary Report nov. Reptilia, testudines, infection, bacteria, salmonella Journal Article Anonymous 1994 Second Annual National Horned Lizard Conference, June 1 1994, OTTO Conference Center, The San Diego Zoo Abtracts packet Journal Article Anthony, C.D.;Mendelson, J.R.;Simons, R.R. 1994 Differential Parasitism by Sex on Plethodontid Salamanders and Histological Evidence for Structural Damage to the Nasolabial Groove American Midland Naturalist 132 2 302-307 RECOGNITION Journal Article Anthony, Carl D.;III, Joseph R. Mendelson;Simons, Richard R. 1994 Differential parasitism by sex on Plethodontid salamanders and histological evidence for structure damage to the nasolabial groove American Midland Naturalist 132 302-307 differential parasitism, sex, Plethodontid salamanders, histological, nasolabial grooveto Journal Article Anthony, C. D.;Mendelson, J. R. III;Simons, R. R. 1994 Differential parasitism by sex on plethodontid salamanders and histological evidence for structural damage to the nasolabial groove American Midland Naturalist 132 302-307 parasitism, plethodontid, nasolabial groove, Quachita Mountains Journal Article Anton, Thomas G. 1994 Observation of predatory behavior in the regal ringneck snake (Diadophis punctatus regalis) under captive conditions Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 5 95 Journal Article Antoniazzi, M. M.;Jared, C.;Junqueira, L.C..U. 1994 Epidermal glands in squamata: Fine structure of pre- cloacal glands in Amphisbaena alba (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) J Morphol 221 1 101-109 Reptilia, sauria, Amphisbaenidae, Amphisbaena alba, anatomy, pre-cloacal gland The femoral or cloacal region in Lizards and amphisbaenians displays epidermal glands; these are commonly used for purposes of systematics. In spite of being recognized as semiochemical sources (Maderson [1986] Plenum Press, pp. 13-25), their precise role remains uncertain. The glands of lizards are assumed to be principally associated with reproduction and the demarcation of territory. Their function in amphisbaenians remains unknown. The histology of these glands has only been described for lizards. There are no ultrastructural studies of glands of either type. This study concentrates on the fine morphology of the pre- cloacal glands in Amphisbaena alba using routine histological and ultrastructural techniques. The pre-cloacal glands of amphisbaenians are, like those of lizards (Chiu and Maderson [1975] J. Morphol. 147: 23- 40), made up by a layer of germinative cells and various layers of polyhedral cells. The latter display three well-characterized stages of differentiation. Granules form and pass through two distinct stages. Thereafter, the granules fuse in the third stage. The glandular secretion is formed by cellular units that constitute the plug. Comparison of these morphological data with those available for lizards allows speculation about the function of the glands in amphisbaenians. Journal Article Antonio, Frederick B. 1994 Advances in pitviper biology: A fusion of field studies and laboratory research Zoo Biology 13 397-399 Journal Article Aoshima, H.;Mitsusada, N.;Nishino, T. 1994 Effects of aliphatic alcohols and food additives on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Xenopus oocytes Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 58 10 1776-1779 MESSENGER-RNA; ETHANOL SENSITIVITY; MEMBRANE Report Applegarth, John S. 1994 Wildlife Surveying and Monitoring Methods: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Eugene District 59 Journal Article Applegarth, John S. 1994 Wildlife Surveying and Monitoring Methods: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Eugene District USDI-BLM, Eugene District 1-59 Book Applegarth, John S. 1994 Wildlife Surveying and Monitoring Methods: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Eugene District Eugene, OR U.S.D.I. Bureau of Land Management 59 Journal Article Ar, A.;Mover, H. 1994 Oxygen tensions in developing embryos: System inefficiency or system requirement? Israel Journal of Zoology 40 3-4 307-326 SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA L; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES; PROTEIN DAMAGE; CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; DEVELOPMENTAL PROFILES; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; AMPHIBIAN TADPOLES; CHRONIC HYPOXIA; CHICK-EMBRYOS Journal Article Arai, Yuji 1994 Notes on the captive husbandry and breeding of the yellow-headed day gecko, Phelsuma klemmeri Seipp Dactylus 2 3 109-112 Journal Article Arevalo, E.;Davis, S.K.;Sites, J.W. 1994 Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships among eight chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico Systematic Biology 43 3 387-418 mitochondrial DNA; Sceloporus grammicus; molecular phylogeny; chromosome evolution; hybrid zones; PARAPATRIC HYBRIDIZATION; MEIOTIC SEGREGATION; EVOLUTIONARY RATES; ALLOZYME VARIATION; MESQUITE LIZARD; IGUANIDAE; SAURIA; SUBSTITUTION; NUCLEOTIDE; SPECIATION Journal Article Arévalo, E.;Davis, S.K.;Sites, J.W. 1994 Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships among eight chromosome races of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico Systematic Biology 43 3 387-418 mitochondrial DNA; Sceloporus grammicus; molecular phylogeny; chromosome evolution; hybrid zones; PARAPATRIC HYBRIDIZATION; MEIOTIC SEGREGATION; EVOLUTIONARY RATES; ALLOZYME VARIATION; MESQUITE LIZARD; IGUANIDAE; SAURIA; SUBSTITUTION; NUCLEOTIDE; SPECIATION Journal Article Armand, Helen 1994 Why crevice lizards make really good pets Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 11 2 Journal Article Armand, Helen 1994 Book Review: A Practical Guide for Feeding Captive Reptiles Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 4 4 Journal Article Armand, Helen 1994 Book Review: Lizards of the World Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 4 4 Journal Article Armand, Helen 1994 Tale of a wild caught tegu Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 5 3 Journal Article Armand, Helen 1994 The U.S. Endangered Species Act: A brief Review Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 6 3-4 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 The herps of Greene County: corrections and additions Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 11 2 4 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 Book Review: Rat Snakes: A Hobbyist's Guide to Elaphe and Kin Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 5 6 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 Vietnam's Cryptophidion: An enigmatic serpent Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 8 6 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 Book Review: Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada (Volumes I & II) Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 9 3 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 The herps of Greene County, OH Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 10 3-4 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 The ball python - such a threatening beast! Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 10 5 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 Book Review: The General Care and Maintenance of Garter Snakes, and Garter & Ribbon Snakes Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 10 6 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1994 Book Review: The magazines Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 12 4 Journal Article Arndt, Rudolf G. 1994 Regina septemvittata (queen snake). USA: South Carolina Herpetological Review 25 4 168 Journal Article Arnold, E.N. 1994 Do ecological analogues assemble their common features in the same order? An investigation of regularities in evolution, using sand-dwelling lizards as examples Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 344 1309 277-290 REPTILIA Journal Article Arnold, E. N. 1994 Investigating the evolutionary effects of one feature on another - Does muscle spread suppress caudal autotomy in lizards J Zool Reptilia, sauria, muscle, autotomy Hypotheses of secondary evolutionary change, where alteration in a particular feature is thought to result in change in another, can be tested in two main ways. First, phylogenies can be used to identify separate cases where one of the features changes and each case can then be examined to see whether the other change also actually takes place and if the perceived sequence of the alterations is appropriate. Secondly, the mechanism by which change in the second feature is supposed to be effected can be scrutinized and, in some cases, subjected to experimental investigation. This approach was applied to a recent hypothesis, that backward spread of the caudifemoralis longus muscle in the tail base of lizards was the primary cause of loss of capacity to autotomize the tail. Some 23 to 25 independent cases of total autotomy loss in adult lizards were identified. In all but six of these there was no substantial spread of the muscle. In two of the remainder, the muscle appears to have spread after autotomy loss, and another case cannot be tested properly as information about relationships is equivocal. The final three cases exhibit extension of the caudifemoralis longus before autotomy loss, but the latter is not found in related species that also inherit muscle extension, which suggests that other causal factors may be involved. In about 15 other cases, where autotomy becomes restricted to the tail base, there is no marked spread of the caudifemoralis longus. The proposed functional link between muscle extension and autotomy loss is also discussed and discounted. Journal Article Arnold, E. N. 1994 Do ecological analogues assemble their common features in the same order? An investigation of regularities in evolution, using sand-dwelling lizards as examples. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 344 277-290 Journal Article Arntzen, J. W. 1994 Allometry and Autotomy of the tail in the golden-striped salamander, Chioglossa lusitanica Amphibia-Reptilia 15 3 267-274 Iberia Journal Article Arntzen, J. W. 1994 Speedy salamanders: sedentariness and migration of Chioglossa lusitanica Revista Española de Herpetología 8 81-86 Chioglossa lusitanica; Habitat; Migration; Sedentariness Journal Article Arntzen, J. W. 1994 Speedy salamanders: sedentariness and migration of Chioglossa lustitanica Revista Española de Herpetología 8 81-86 Journal Article Arribas, Oscar;Cliville, Sergi 1994 Albinismo en Lacerta lepida Daudin, 1802 (Reptilia: Lacertidae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 20-23 Lacerta lepida; Lacertidae; Ocellated lizard; Albinism Journal Article Arteaga, Alfredo 1994 FUDENA evalua la situacion actual del caiman de la costa en Venezuela [FUDENA studies of American crocodile in Venezuela] Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 17-19 crocodylus acutus Book Section Arteaga, A.;Seijas, A.S.;Chavez, C.;Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1994 Status and conservation of the Orinoco crocodile: an update Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0238-0. xii + 309 pp. 143-150 Journal Article Ash, Andre N.;Bruce, Richard C. 1994 Impacts of timber harvesting on salamanders Conservation Biology 8 1 300-301 Journal Article Ashley, J. Don 1994 United States: Geographic gets it wrong Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 18-19 Journal Article Ashley, Don 1994 Alligator sustainable use displays Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 21-22 Journal Article Ashleyross, M.A. 1994 Hindlimb kinematics during terrestrial locomotion in a salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) Journal of Experimental Biology 193 255-283 salamander; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; locomotion; kinematics; STEP CYCLE; LIMB; WALKING; MOVEMENTS; SPEED; EVOLUTION; MUSCLES; MAMMALS; LIZARD Journal Article Ashleyross, M.A. 1994 Metamorphic and speed effects on hindlimb kinematics during terrestrial locomotion in the salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus Journal of Experimental Biology 193 285-305 salamander; Dicamptodon tenebrosus; locomotion; kinematics; metamorphosis; speed; AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM; CERCOPITHECUS-AETHIOPS; GAIT PARAMETERS; LIMB; MECHANICS; TETRAPOD; MUSCLES; WALKING; ALLOMETRY; BEHAVIOR Journal Article Ashour, A. A. 1994 Description of Hastospiculum bipinnatum (Linstow 1899) Chandler, 1929 (Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) from Egyptian Varanus griseus J Egypt Soc Parasitol 24 3 579-83 Hastospiculum bipinnatum worms were recovered from the thoracic cavity of the lizard Varanus griseus from Egypt. Both adult worms and their larvae were described and compared with the related species. The present is the first record of this parasite from Egypt. Journal Article Asimov, Isaac 1994 Turtles win evolutionary race by staying out of it JHS News 8 7 2;5 Journal Article Assetto, Robert 1994 Captive reproduction in lampropeltis pyromelana HOTS Reptile Research 4 10 7-8 Book Section Ataev, C.;Rustamov, A.K.;Shammakov, S. 1994 Reptiles of Kopetdagh Fet, V. and Atamuradov, K.I. Biogeography and Ecology of Turkmenistan PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ 72 329-350 Journal Article Atkinson, David 1994 Temperature and organism size-A biological law for ectotherms Advanced Ecological Research 25 1-58 growth rana sylvatica Journal Article Attum, Omar 1994 A suggestion for controlling biting VaraNews 4 2/3 15 Journal Article Auffenberg, Walter 1994 Utilization of monitor lizards in Pakistan Reptilian 2 3 14-20 Varanus bengalensis; Varanus griseus; Varanus flavescens Book Auffenberg, Walter 1994 The Bengal Monitor Gainesville University of Florida Press 592 Journal Article Augert, Dominique;Joly, Pierre 1994 Dispersal of Rana temporaria tadpoles in large fishponds Alytes 12 1 31-40 ecology movements Journal Article Aun, L.;Martori, R. 1994 Biologia de una poblacion de Homonota horrida Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8 1 90-96 gonadal cycles, diet, food Book Section Aung Moe, U.B.K. 1994 Conservation, management and farming of crocodiles in Union of Myanmar Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Book Section Aung Moe, U.B.K. 1994 The status of crocodilians in Myanmar Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0238-0. xii + 309 pp. 24-27 Journal Article Austin, Christopher C.;Jessing, Kevin W. 1994 Green-blood pigmentation in lizards Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 190A 3 619-626 Bile pigments; Bilirubin; Biliverdin; Jaundice; Lizard; New Guinea; Prasinohaema; Scincidae Journal Article Austin, H.B. 1994 Expended production of the Mullerian duct regressor in the American alligator Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 96 1 122-128 AM, embryology, biochemistry, endocrinology, Regression of the mullerian ducts in mammals and birds is caused by the testicular hormone, mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), which is produced for an extended period of time after testicular differentiation. Because it is present long after the ducts regress, it has been proposed to have additional effects other than inducing Mullerian duct regression. A testicular substance also appears to be responsible for mullerian duct regression in the alligator based on studies in which testicular grafts from hatchling males caused regression when implanted into castrated hatchling females. In this study, the approximate ontogeny of the regressor in the alligator was investigated by implanting testicular grafts from both hatchling and yearling males into castrated female hatchlings. Histological quantification of the ducts revealed that regression in both treatment groups was not significantly different indicating that the mullerian duct regressor in the alligator is produced for at least a year after hatching and may have additional nonregressive functions in the alligator as has been proposed for mammals and birds. Journal Article Auth, David L. 1994 Checklist and bibliography of the amphibians and reptiles of Panama Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 98 1-59 checklist, bibliography, amphibians, reptiles, Panama Journal Article Autumn, K.;Weinstein, R. B.;Full, R. J. 1994 Low cost of locomotion increases performance at low temperature in a nocturnal lizard Physiol Zool 67 1 238-262 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Teratoscincus przewalskii, physiology, energy, locomotion Thermal optima for physiological processes are generally high (30 degrees-40 degrees C) in lizards. Performance decreases substantially at low temperatures, yet some lizards are nocturnal and are active with body temperatures below 15 degrees C. We corroborated three hypotheses about the ecophysiological consequences of the evolution of nocturnality in lizards: (1) nocturnality requires activity at low temperature; (2) activity at low temperature imposes a thermal handicap that constrains performance capacity; (3) nocturnal species have higher performance capacity at low temperature than do comparable diurnal species. Field body temperatures during activity averaged 15.3 degrees C in Teratoscincus przewalskii, a nocturnal, terrestrial gecko from northwestern China. Individuals of T. przewalskii sustained exercise at 15 degrees C on a treadmill for more than 60 min at 0.18 km . h(-1). However, 15 degrees C was suboptimal for sustained locomotion. Resting and maximum oxygen consumption at 15 degrees and 25 degrees C were similar to predicted values for diurnal lizards, supporting the hypothesis that much of thermal physiology in lizards is evolutionarily conservative. The minimum cost of transport (C-min, 0.73 mL O(2)g(-1) km(-1)) for T. przewalskii was only 34% of the predicted value for a diurnal lizard of the same mass. This low cost yielded a maximum aerobic speed (MAS) of 0.27 km . h(-1) at 15 degrees C, which is 2.5 times the predicted MAS for a diurnal lizard of the same mass. In comparison with predicted values for diurnal lizards, T. przewalskii showed increased but thermally submaximal locomotor performance capacity at nighttime temperatures. Journal Article Aún, L.;Martori, R. 1994 Algunas características de la biología de Cnemidophorus serranus y Cnemidophorus lacertoides Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 46-47 Cnemidophorus serranus; Cnemidophorus lacertoides Journal Article Aún, L.;martori, R. 1994 Biología de una poblacion de Homonota horrida Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 90-96 Homonota horrida Journal Article Averbuck, Philip 1994 Legal issues in the international trade of reptiles HerpTales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1994 May 4-5 Journal Article Averbuck, Philip 1994 Legal issues in the international trade of reptiles continued HerpTales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1994 June 2-4 pet trade Book Section Avery, Roger A. 1994 The effects of temperature on captive amphibians and reptiles Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 47-51 Journal Article Avery, R.A. 1994 Growth in reptiles Gerontol. 40 2-4 193-199 grow, Journal Article Avery, R.A. 1994 Growth in Reptiles Gerontology 40 193-199 growth Journal Article Avila, Luciano Javier 1994 Pristidactylus achalensis (Pampa de achala copper lizard). Argentina: Cordoba Herpetological Review 25 4 165-166 Book Avise, John C. 1994 Molecular Markers, Natural Histroy and Evolution New York Chapman & Hall PB Journal Article Avise, J.C. ;Bowen, B.W. 1994 Investigating sea turtle migration using DNA markers Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 4 882-886 green; loggerhead; hawksbill Journal Article Avramov, S.;Crnobrnja, J.;Aleksic, I. 1994 On the systematic relations of six european lizard species (Lacerta spp. and Podarcis spp.): Electrophoretic data Arch. Biol. Sci. 46 1-2 23-27 Journal Article Azevedo-Ramos, C.;Moutinho, P. R. S. 1994 Amphisibaenians (Reptilia: Amphisbaenidae) in nests of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in eastern Amazonia, Brazil Entomological News 105 3 183-184 amphisbaenia, reptiles, ants, Brazil Journal Article Azevedoramos, C.;Moutinho, P.R.S. 1994 Amphisbaenians (Reptilia, Amphisbaenidae) in Nests of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil Entomological News 105 3 183-184 Book Baard, Ernst H.W. 1994 Cape Tortoises: Their Identification and Care Cape Town, S.A. Cape Nature Conservation 68 Book Section Backner, Brian P. 1994 The future role of the private sector in breeding endangered species Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 387-390 Journal Article Backues, K. A.;Ramsay, E. C. 1994 Ovariectomy for treatment of follicular stasis in lizards J Zoo Wildlife Med 25 1 111-116 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana,Iguana iguana, savannah monitor,Varanus exanthematicus, pathology, follicular stasis, therapy, ovariectomy Follicular stasis was diagnosed in three green iguanas (Iguana iguana) and one savannah monitor( Varanus exanthematicus) by history, physical examination, survey radiography, and serum biochemical analyses. Ultrasonography was helpful in confirming radiographic findings. Elevated serum calcium levels, radiographic evidence of multiple round coelomic opacities, and a history of lethargy and partial to complete anorexia were considered diagnostic in all four cases. Ovariectomy was considered the most viable therapeutic option because of the severity of the animals' clinical signs. The rapid response to surgical bilateral ovariectomy in these cases indicates ovariectomy is a valid therapy for singly housed, female pet lizards with follicular stasis. Reprint Endnote 94/103 Journal Article Badio, Barbara;Garraffo, H. Martin;Spande, Thomas F.;Daly, John W. 1994 Epibatidine: Discovery and definition as a potent analgesic and nicotine agonist Med. Chem. Res. 4 440-448 Epidobates tricolor, anthonyi Epibatidine, a pyridylazabicyclo[2.2.1}heptane was discovered as a trace alkaloid in skin extracts of an Ecuadoran frog and shown to be a potent analgetic. Epibatidine proved to be a potent nicotinic agonist with selectively activity at different nicotinic receptor subtypes. The remarkable analgetic activity of epibatidine among nicotinic agonists makes it a powerful tool for investigation of the cholinergic pathways involved in nociception. Book Section Baer, david J. 1994 The nutrition of herbivorous reptiles Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 83-90 Journal Article Bagnara, Joseph T. 1994 Vertebrate pigmentary phenomena from a herpetological point of view Sonoran Herpetologist 7 11 96-102 melanophore iridophore erythrophore xanthophore Journal Article Bajcar, M. 1994 Book review: English translation of Dendrobatidae Nederland Magazine, Volume 2 (1990) Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 2 94 Journal Article Baker, J. M. R.;Waights, V. 1994 The effects of nitrate on tadpoles of the tree frog (Litoria caerulea) Herpetological Journal 4 3 106-108 Journal Article Baker, John 1994 Survival of some captive-reared great crested newts on release into the wild British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 49 11-13 conservation introduction repatriation triturus Book Section Baker, John 1994 Maintenance and breeding of Triturus karelini Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 206-209 notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Ball, James C. 1994 Vitamin D3 synthesis: A comparison of the UV-B output of commercial lights and sunlight Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 4 29-31 ultraviolet light Journal Article Ball, James C. 1994 Book Review: Biology of the Whiptail Lizards (Genus Cnemidophorus) Reptile & Amphibian Magazine July/August 26-31 Journal Article Ball, David W. 1994 Gravity, or the day we became "parents-to-be" Notes From NOAH 21 9 2-6 nesting behavior trachemys scripta Journal Article Ball, James 1994 Venom neutralization properties of Lampropeltis serum HOTS Reptile Research 4 8 7-10 Journal Article Ball, James C. 1994 Vitamin D3 synthesis: A comparison of the UVB output of commercial lights and sunlight Cold Blooded News 21 9 5-7 ultraviolet light UVB Journal Article Ball, David W. 1994 Surgical experiences of an Asian leaf turtle Notes From NOAH 21 7 9-11 surgery treatment cyclemys dentata Journal Article Ballard, Scott R.;Landes, David A. 1994 Bufo americanus (American toad). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 25 2 74 Journal Article Ballard, Scott R.;Landes, David A. 1994 Bufo woodhousii fowleri (Fowler's toad). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 25 2 74 Journal Article Ballard, Scott R.;Landes, David A. 1994 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (six-lined racerunner). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 25 2 76 Journal Article Ballinger, Royce E.;Lemos-Espinal, Julio 1994 Sceloporus mucronatus mucronatus (NCN). Predation Herpetological Review 25 1 27 Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1994 Book Review: Snakes of the United States and Canada: Keeping Them Healthy in Captivity. Volume I. Eastern Area Vivarium 5 4 26 Journal Article Balsai, Michael J.;Lewbart, Gregory A. 1994 Axolotls Reptile & Amphibian magazine March/April 40-51 ambystoma mexicanum captivity anatomy physiology breeding Journal Article Banks, B.;Beebee, T.J.C.;Cooke, A.S. 1994 Conservation of the Natterjack Toad Bufo Calamita in Britain over the Period 1970-1990 in Relation to Site Protection and Other Factors Biological Conservation 67 2 111-118 Britain; Natterjack Toad; Conservation; Radioactivity; Climate; RAVENGLASS; SIZE Journal Article Banks, Chris 1994 Philippines: Mindorensis action Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 9 Book Section Banks, Chris B. 1994 Breeding and growth of the plumed basilisk (Basiliscus plumifrons) at the Royal Melbourne Zoo Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 64-71 Journal Article Bantle, J.A.;Burton, D.T.;Dawson, D.A.;Dumont, J.N.;Finch, R.A.;Fort, D.J.;Linder, G.;Rayburn, J.R.;Buchwalter, D.;Gaudethull, A.M.;Maurice, M.A.;Turley, S.D. 1994 FETAX interlaboratory validation study: Phase II testing Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13 10 1629-1637 FETAX; Xenopus; teratogen; interlaboratory validation; developmental toxicity; EFFLUENT TOXICITY TESTS Journal Article Baran, Ibrahim;Öz, Mehmet 1994 Salamandra salamandra of Anatolia Mertensiella 4 25-32 Salamandra salamandra; Morphometry; Color pattern; Turkey Journal Article Baran, Ibrahim;Ücüncü, Semih 1994 The state of Mertensiella luschani in Turkey Mertensiella 4 33-40 Mertensiella luschani; Turkey; Coloring Journal Article Barden, Graeme;Shine, Richard 1994 Effects of sex and reproductive mode on dietary composition of the reproductively bimodal scincid lizard, Lerista bougainvilli Australian Zoologist 29 3-4 225-228 Journal Article Barker, Dave;Barker, Tracy 1994 The maintenance and reproduction of a little-known python, Liasis mackloti savuensis. The Savu python's first year in captivity Vivarium 5 6 18-21 Journal Article Barker, Dave;Barker, Tracy 1994 The African giants Vivarium 6 1 18-21 python sebae Journal Article Barker, Dave;Barker, Tracy 1994 Boas in the spotlight Vivarium 6 2 38-41 Journal Article Barker, Dave;Barker, Tracy 1994 The blood python and other subspecies of short-tailed pythons (Python curtus) Vivarium 6 3 30-33;35 Book Barker, David B.;Barker, Tracy M. 1994 Pythons of the World Volume I. Australia Lakeside, CA AVS xviii + 171 Journal Article Barlow, A. 1994 A breeding sucess with the royal python Reptilian 2 10 19-21 python regius Book Barnard, Susan M.;Upton, Steve J. 1994 A Veterinary Guide to the Parasites of Reptiles: Volume 1. Protozoa Malabar, FL Krieger 164 Journal Article Barnes, Mike;Dillon, Tyrone 1994 Where do all those reptiles come from? Reptiles 2 3 24-33 pet trade Journal Article Barnett, Brian 1994 The Chappell Island tiger snake (Notechis ater serventyi) in captivity Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 5 3 135-146 Notechis ater housing heating feeding growth Journal Article Barnett, A. 1994 Poison Frogs Eat Poison Prey New Scientist 143 1933 16 Journal Article Barnett, Brian 1994 My Say Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 52-53 Journal Article Barnett, Brian 1994 What's news mate! Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 91-85 Journal Article Barnett, A. 1994 Poison frogs eat poison prey: (Summary of J. Daly's article in J. Chem. Ecology) New Scientist July 9 16 summary, frogs, Amphibia, Dendrobatidae, diet, skin toxins Journal Article Barni, S.;Bernini, F.;Fenoglio, C.;Reggiani, C. 1994 Adaptations of the Frog Myocardium to Conditions of Natural Hibernation - Morphofunctional Changes Bollettino di Zoologia 61 4 317-324 Frog Heart; Contractility; Morphohistochemistry; Rana-Esculenta; Amphibians Journal Article Barnicoat, Malcolm 1994 Lizards of the genus Teratoscincus (Strauch 1863) ASRA Journal 1994 1-11 Teratoscincus Journal Article Barraviera, B. 1994 Acute-phase response in snakebite [letter; comment] Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 36 5 479 Journal Article Barrett, Glenn C.;Villarroul, Morris R. 1994 Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata (northern red-bellied snake). Predation Herpetological Review 25 1 29-30 Journal Article Barrio, Cesar L.;Filella, Eduard;Martínez, Joan 1994 Sobre la presencia de Blanus cinereus en Catalunya Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 17-19 Blanus cinereus; Distribution; Spain Journal Article Barry, Sean J.;Shaffer, H. Bradley 1994 The status of the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma california) at Lagunita: A 50 year update Journal of Herpetology 28 2 159-164 conservation Journal Article Barten, Steven 1994 To be or not to be: Euthanasia Wisconsin Herpetological Society 1994 July 12-13 Journal Article Barten, S. L.;Davis, K.;Harris, R. K.;Jacobson, E. R. 1994 Renal cell carcinoma with metastases in a corn snake (Elaphe guttata) J Zoo Wildlife Med 25 1 123-127 Reptilia, serpentes, corn snake,Elaphe guttata, pathology, tumor, carcinoma, kidney An 8-yr-old male captive-bred corn snake, Elaphe guttata, developed an intracoelomic mass, 8 cm cranial to the cloaca. An exploratory laparotomy revealed multiple masses in the left kidney, and a nephrectomy was performed. Three months following surgery, a second intracoelomic mass developed and the snake was euthanized. Necropsy indicated that the right kidney had multiple white masses, with similar appearing masses in the liver and lung. The histopathologic diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, with metastases to the liver and lung. Book Section Barthalmus, George T. 1994 Biological roles of amphibian skin secretions Heatwole, Harold and Barthalmus, George T. Amphibian Biology. Volume I. The Integument Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons PTY Ltd 1 383-410 Book Barthalmus, G.T. 1994 Biological roles of amphibian skin secretions 43 Rickard Road, Chipping Norton NSW 2170, Australia Surrey Beatty & Sons 382-410 Amphibia; anura; urodela; physiology; skin; toxin Book Bartholomew, Breck 1994 1993 Herpetological Index Logan, Utah Utah Association of Herpetologists 87 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Point of View: Some thoughts on desert tortoise management Intermontanus 3 1 4-5 gopherus agassizii Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Herpetoculture and conservation Intermontanus 3 1 5-7 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 A reply to Mitchell Intermontanus 3 2 15-16 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Book Review: Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Amphibians Intermontanus 3 2 16-17 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Taxonomy and the subfamily pythoninae Intermontanus 3 3 20-22 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Book Review: Snakes: A Natural History Intermontanus 3 3 23 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 An unusual new genus of snake with what appears to be a parietal eye Intermontanus 3 4 26-27 cyclotyphlops deharvengi Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Toxic turtles! Intermontanus 3 4 28 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Book review: Tracking the Vanishing Frogs: An Ecological Mystery Intermontanus 3 4 29 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Book Review: Endoglyphs and Other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist Intermontanus 3 5 35 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Calculating the proper dosage of medicine for reptiles Intermontanus 3 6 41-42 treatment Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Book Review: Keeping All the Pieces: Perspectives on Natural History and the Environment Intermontanus 3 6 42-43 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Book Review: The Lizard Man Speaks Intermontanus 3 6 43 Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1994 Tortues toxiques [Toxic turtles] La Tortue 1994 28 30 Book Bartholomew, Breck;Zwart, P. 1995 1994 Herpetological Index Logan, UT Bibliomania Bibliography Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Florida's alien herps Reptile & Amphibian magazine March/April 56-73;103-109 Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Kingsnakes of Florida Tropical Fish Hobbyist 42 10 116-126 Lampropeltis elapsoides triangulum getula floridana goini brooksi calligaster Journal Article Bartlett, Patti;Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Tarantulas & scorpions Reptile & Amphibian Magazine July/August 113-124 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Species profile: American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) Reptiles 1 6 26 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 A search for Plethodon petraeus (from Pigeon Mountain, Georgia) Reptiles 1 6 56-65 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Leaf & hill turtles Reptiles 1 6 70-86 cyclemys heosemys grandis spinosa geoemyda spengleri japonica pyxidae mouhotii Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 A pause for some Panhandle plethodonitds Reptiles 1 3 8-13 pseudotriton ruber vioscai eurycea cirrigera montanus flavissimus desmognathus apalachicola auriculatus Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Colima interlude (Part 1) Reptiles 2 1 34-41 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Large tortoises in the home collection Reptiles 2 1 70-88 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Sand skinks and indigo snakes Reptiles 1 5 38-43 drymarchon corais couperi neoseps reynoldsi Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Book Review: Rat snakes, A Hobbyist's Guide to Elaphe and Kin Reptiles 1 5 64-67 Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Hunting western salamanders: Falomar, Yosemite, & places between Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Nov./Dec. 43-56 ensatina escholtzii ambystoma tigrinum californiense taricha torosa macrodactylum batrachoseps nigriventris hydromantes platycephalus attenuatus Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Colima interlude (Part II) Reptiles 2 2 44-51 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Green tree pythons (Morelia [=Chondropython] viridis) Reptiles 2 2 66-69 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Aquatic nightmares: the common and alligator snappers Reptiles 2 3 44-59 chelydra serpentina macroclemys temminckii Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1994 Mountains and caves Reptiles 2 3 62-69 plethodon petraeus eurycea lucifuga yonahlossee dorsalis gyrinophilus palleucus necturoides Book Section Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Notes on the captive reproduction of the Australiam skink, Tiliqua nigrolutea Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 55-58 Book Section Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Chondros - Au naturel Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 118-121 morelia chondropython viridis Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Florida Panhandle herps [part 2] Reptilian 2 7 7-13 Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1994 Broad-headed skinks, blind salamanders and other Florida Panhandle herps [part1] Reptilian 2 6 15-19 Journal Article Bartley, Glenn R. 1994 General care of the smooth green snake, Opheodryas vernalis Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 1 43-46 opheodrys Journal Article Barton, D.P. 1994 Three species of the genus Dolichosaccus Johnston, 1912 (Digenea: Telorchiidae) from the introduced toad Bufo marinus (Amphibia: Bufonidae) in Australia, with the erection of Meditypus n subg. Systematic Parasitology 29 2 121-131 Journal Article Barzyk, James E. 1994 Husbandry and captive breeding of the parrot-beaked tortoise, Homopus areolatus Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 2 138-141 south africa clutch size incubation Journal Article Bas, Santiago;Gasser, Francois 1994 Polytypism of Salamandra salamandra (L.) in North-Western Iberia Mertensiella 4 41-74 Salamandra salamandra; Galicia; Subspeciation; Secondary contact; Pigmentary patterns; Morphology; Proteins; Viviparity Journal Article Basso, N. G. 1994 Una nueva especie de Batrachyla (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Telmatobiinae) de Argentina. Relaciones filgeneticas interespecificas Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 51-56 New species; phylogenetics; Batrachyla Journal Article Bastida, Marta 1994 El elemento popular en los nombres del lagarto y la lagartija en el ambito románico Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 42-48 Journal Article Bastos, Rogério P.;Oliveira, Octavio C.;Pombal, José P., Jr 1994 Hyla minuta (NCN). Predation Herpetological Review 25 3 118 Journal Article Battisti, A.;Vallarino, M.;Carnevali, O.;Fasano, S.;Polzonettimagni, A.;Pierantoni, R. 1994 Detection and localization of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like material in the frog, Rana esculenta, ovary Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 109 4 1097-1103 gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH); Rana esculenta; ovary; PLASMA SEX-HORMONES; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; SEASONAL PLASMA; RAT OOCYTES; GREEN FROG; INVITRO; GNRH; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; STEROIDOGENESIS; PROFILES Edited Book Bauchot, Roland 1994 Snakes: A Natural History New York Sterling Publ. 220 Book Bauchot, Roland 1994 Les Serpents Paris Bordas 240 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Sadlier, R. A. 1994 Diet of the New Caledonian gecko Rhacodactylus auriculatus (Squamata, gekkonidae) Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 2 108-113 saurophagy pollen Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1994 On the identity of Euprepes samoensis moluccensis Peters, 1864 Journal of Herpetology 28 2 257-258 mabuya lygosoma emoa sorex Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1994 Is autotomy frequency reduced in geckos with "actively functional" tails? Herpetological Natural History 2 2 1-15 Gekkonidae; Tail break frequency; Prehension; Paedomorphosis Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Sadlier, Roass A. 1994 The terrestrial herpetofauna of the Ile des Pins, New Caledonia Pacific Science 48 4 353-366 Marmorosphax euryotis Journal Article Bauer, Aaron 1994 On the identity of Euprepes samoensis moluccensis Peters, 1864 Journal of Herpetology 28 2 257-258 Mabuya, Emoia Journal Article Bauer, Aaron;Lang, Mathias;Günther, Rainer 1994 An annotated type catalogue of pygopods, xantusiids, gerrhosaurs, and cordylids (Reptilia: Squamata: Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae, Gerrhosauridae, and Cordylidae) in the collection of the Zoological Musuem, Berlin Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 70 1 85-92 Type catalogue, Reptilia Journal Article Bauer, Aaron;Günther, Rainer 1994 An annotated type catalogue of the teiid and microteiid lizards in the Zoological Musuem, Berlin (Reptilia: Squamata and Gymnophthalmidae) Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 70 2 267-280 Reptilia, Squamata, Teiidae, Gymnophthalimidae, type catalogue, Zoological Museum, Berlin Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Günther, Rainer 1994 An annotated type catalogue of the teiid and microteiid lizards in the Zoological Musuem, Berlin (Reptilia: Squamata and Gymnophthalmidae) Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 70 2 267-280 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Sadlier, Ross A. 1994 The terrestrial herpetofauna of the Ile des Pines, New Caledonia Pacific Science 48 4 353-366 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M. 1994 Familia Geckkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria) Part I Australia and Oceania Das Tierreich 109 i-xiv, 1-306, (3) Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Lang, Mathias;Günther, Rainer 1994 An annotated type catalogue of pygopods, xantusiids, gerrhosaurs, and cordylids (Reptilia: Squamata: Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae, Gerrhosauridae, and Cordylidae) in the collection of the Zoological Musuem, Berlin Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 70 1 85-92 Journal Article Baugh, Julia R.;Forester, Don C. 1994 Prior residence effect in the dart-poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio Behaviour 131 3-4 207-224 Territorial behavior; Dendrobates pumilio Journal Article Bavetz, Mark J. 1994 Pedal movements in two ambystomatid salamanders Journal of Herpetology 28 4 504-506 ambystoma tigrinum talpoideum FEEDING-BEHAVIOR Journal Article Bayless, Mark 1994 African varanids: Diets in captivity and in the wild Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 5 6-7 varanus albigularis exanthematicus niloticus ornatus food diet Journal Article Bayless, Mark K. 1994 The Papuan monitor lizard of New Guinea (Varanus salvadorii Peters and Doria 1878): Notes on its mystique VaraNews 4 2/3 6 Journal Article Bazettjones, D.P.;Leblanc, B.;Herfort, M.;Moss, T. 1994 Short-range DNA looping by the Xenopus HMG-box transcription factor, xUBF Science 264 5162 1134-1137 RNA POLYMERASE-I; RIBOSOMAL GENE ENHANCERS; RDNA PROMOTER; LAEVIS; COMPLEX; CONTAINS; DOMAINS; SEQUENCES; BINDING Journal Article Beachy, Christopher King 1994 Community ecology in streams: Effects of two species of predatory salamanders on prey species of salamander Herpetologica 50 2 129-136 competition predation mutualism desmognathus quadramaculatus eurycea wilderae gyrinophilus porphyriticus Competition; Predation; Mutualism; Desmognathus-Quadramaculatus; Eurycea-Wilderae; Gyrinophilus-Porphyriticus; POND COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; EVOLUTION; FISH Journal Article Beaman, Kent R.;Grismer, L. Lee 1994 Crotalus enyo Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 589 1-6 Journal Article Beane, Jeffrey C.;Somers, Ann Berry 1994 Plethodon wehrlei (Wehrle's salamander). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 25 1 31 Journal Article Beane, Jeffrey C.;Alford, Stanley L. 1994 Apalone spinifera aspera (Gulf Coast spiny softshell). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 25 1 32 Journal Article Beane, Jeffrey C.;Somers, Ann Berry 1994 Scincella lateralis (ground skink). USA: North Carolina Herpetological Review 25 1 33 Journal Article Beane, Jeff 1994 Worst-hated herp husbandry horror tales. Tale #34: Just the right moment Sonoran Herpetologist 7 11 103 hyla gratiosa andersonii Journal Article Beane, Jeff;Settle, Larry;Sealy, John;Riddle, David;Thorp, Tom 1994 Scanning the literature NC Herps 17 4 3-4 Journal Article Beane, Jeff 1994 Tribute to a tool NC Herps 17 4 7 Journal Article Beauchemin, M.;Noiseux, N.;Tremblay, M.;Savard, P. 1994 Expression of Hox A11 in the limb and the regeneration blastema of adult newt Int J Dev Biol 38 4 641-9 Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; Bone and Bones/metabolism; Cloning, Molecular; Exons; Extremities/*physiology; *Gene Expression; *Genes, Homeobox; Homeodomain Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics; Introns; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscles/metabolism; Notophthalmus viridescens; Regeneration/*genetics; RNA, Messenger/analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tail/physiology; Tissue Distribution Homeoproteins are functionally involved in pattern formation of developing systems and are potentially good candidates to regulate positional information during limb regeneration in the newt. Here we report the molecular structure of Hox A11 and its pattern of expression during the regeneration of adult newt appendages. The transcriptional unit of the gene is composed of two exons separated by an intron. Northern blots revealed two major transcripts; a size difference would result from using two different polyadenylation signals. Therefore, the gene would encode a single protein that is very homologous to other vertebrate counterparts. The pattern of expression of Hox A11 in the adult newt shows interesting findings in relation to limb regeneration. First, expression is found in both intact limb and tail, showing maintenance of expression of an important regulator of development in the appendages of the adult newt. Second, Hox A11 is expressed mainly in the muscle and the bone of intact limbs, two tissue fractions known to participate in blastemal fate determination. Third, the level of Hox A11 expression increases drastically in both limb and tail regeneration blastemas, suggesting that the population of expressing cells is preferentially recruited during blastemal formation. Finally, proximal blastemas (mid-humerus) significantly express higher levels of transcript compared with distal ones (mid-radius and ulna). These features of expression suggest that Hox A11 may participate in limb pattern formation by specifying positional information to the progenitor cells of the regenerate. Journal Article Beaupre, Steven J.;Beaupre, Robert W. 1994 An inexpensive data collection system for temperature telemetry Herpetologica 50 4 509-516 body temperature radio telemetry Journal Article Beaupre, S. J. 1994 Comparative ecology of the mottled rock rattlesnake, Crotalus lepidus, in Big Bend National Park Herpetologica 51 1 45-56 reptiles, snakes, Texas, body size, diet, energetics, geographic variation, life history, Journal Article Becerra, P.;Zavaleta, A. 1994 Effects of uranium 235 radiation on the venom of Lachesis muta (Ofidia: Viperidae) Revista de Biologia Tropical 42 1-2 319-322 snake venom; irradiation; protein; immunology; Uranium-235 Journal Article Beck, Daniel D.;Lowe, Charles H. 1994 Resting metabolism of helodermatid lizards: allometric and ecological relationships Journal of Comparative Physiology 164B 124-129 metabolic rate oxygen consumption heloderma suspectum horridum Book Section Beckwith, Paul 1994 A note on the "whistling frog" in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 256-258 notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Bedford, Gavin 1994 Observation of scent following in a male carpet python (Morelia spilota variegata) Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 21 40 Journal Article Beebee, Trevor 1994 Obituary: Professor Geoffrey H. D. Haslewood 1910-1993 Herpetological Journal 4 2 64 Book Section Beebee, Trevor 1994 Ten years of garden ponds Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 195-202 Book Section Beebee, Trevor J. C. 1994 Natterjack (Bufo calamita) tadpole behaviour in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 220-225 notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Beerli, Peter;Hotz, Hansjürg;Tunner, Heinz G.;Heppich, Susanna;Uzzell, Thomas 1994 Two new water frog species from the Aegean Islands Crete and Karpathos (Amphibia, Salientia, Ranidae Notulae Naturae 470 1-9 Rana cretensis sp. nov.; Rana cerigensis sp. nov. Journal Article Begg, Paul 1994 The captive care and breeding of the corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata) Reptilian 2 5 37-39 Elaphe g. guttata Journal Article Behler, John L.;Pritchard, Peter C. H.;Rhodin, Anders G. J. 1994 Editorial comment Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 2 79 Journal Article Behra, O.;Lippai, C. 1994 Congo: export of crocodile skins 1970-1978 Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 4-5 Journal Article Behra, Olivier 1994 French Guyana: growth rate of wild black caiman hatchlings Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 15-16 Journal Article Belachgar, F.;Hulin, P.;Anagnostopoulos, T.;Planelles, G. 1994 Triflocin, a novel inhibitor for the Na-HCO3 symport in the proximal tubule Br J Pharmacol 112 2 465-70 Animal; Body Water/metabolism; Carrier Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors; Chlorides/metabolism; Diuretics/*pharmacology; Electrophysiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*metabolism; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase/drug effects/metabolism; Necturus maculosus; Nicotinic Acids/*pharmacology 1. Triflocin, applied at millimolar concentration hyperpolarizes the basolateral membrane of Necturus proximal convoluted tubular cells, in vivo. 2. Barium, 2.5 x 10(-3) M, ouabain, 10(-3) M, or amiloride 10(-4) M, fail to prevent this hyperpolarization. 3. Triflocin has no effect on the intracellular chloride activity. 4. In physiological acid base conditions, Triflocin increases intracellular pH. 5. Upon an acute isohydric hypercapnia, Triflocin depolarizes the basolateral membrane potential. 6. It is concluded that, Triflocin inhibits the basolateral electrogenic Na-(HCO3)n > 1 cotransport in proximal tubules. Journal Article Bell, Peter;Turnipseed, John D.;Baker, Bimy 1994 Finding lost herps Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 12 6 Journal Article Bell, B.D. 1994 A review of the status of New Zealand Leiopelma species (Anura: Leiopelmatidae), including a summary of demographic studies in Coromandel and on Maud Island New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 341-349 Leiopelma; New Zealand; conservation; systematics; demography; translocation Journal Article Bell, E.A.;Bell, B.D. 1994 Local distribution, habitat, and numbers of the endemic terrestrial frog Leiopelma hamiltoni on Maud Island, New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 437-442 Leiopelma; Maud Island; conservation; distribution; frogs Journal Article Bell, Catharine 1994 It's not easy being green ZooNooz 42 1 6-11 Journal Article Bels, Vincent L.;Crama, Yves J.-M. 1994 Quantitative analysis of the courtship and mating behavior in the loggerhead musk turtle Sternotherus minor (Reptilia: Kinosternidae) with comments on courtship behavior in turtles Copeia 1994 3 676-684 Journal Article Bels, V. L.;Crama, Yjm 1994 Quantitative analysis of the courtship and mating behavior in the loggerhead musk turtle Sternotherus minor (Reptilia, Kinosternidae) with comments on courtship behavior in turtles Copeia 17 3 676-684 Reptilia, testudines, Sternotherus minor, physiology, behaviour, courtship Courtship behaviors of 15 Sternotherus minor (seven males and eight females) were video recorded. Males perform nine motor patterns [approach, cloacal and bridge sniffing, turning (anterior and posterior) movements, mount, trailing, cloacal contact, intromission, and biting]. The females display two mutually exclusive motor patterns (biting and fleeing) and participate in two motor patterns involving both sexes (head-head and mutual grasping and interlocking of the tail). Transitions between the behavioral events in the flow diagram of courtship are numerous. The courtship is divided into five phases: approach, sniffing, turning, mounting, and fleeing. The probability of the first likeliest sequence (approach, mount, and copulation) leading to copulation never exceeds 0.005. Sniffing occurs in the second likeliest sequence (approach, sniffing, mount, and copulation). From actual data, courtships in turtles are divided into three types: (1) the mounting-courtship type (most of the behavioral action patterns are performed during the mounting), (2) the premounting-courtship type (several behaviors are performed by the male before mounting), and (3) the intermediate-courtship type. As other kinosternids, S. minor has typically an intermediate- courtship type. The male mounts the female very quickly. He exhibits only three premounting motor patterns: biting, turning movements, and head-head with the female. Journal Article Beltrami, M.;Iturri, S. J. 1994 Seasonal variations in intestinal uptake of nutrients in the Chilean lizard Liolaemus nitidus (Iguanidae). The effect of thyroxine (T-4) Comp Biochem Physiol [a] 107 3 581-587 Reptilia, sauria, Chilean lizard, Liolaemus nitidus, physiology, intestine, absorption, D-glucose, L-tyrosine Seasonal variations in D-glucose and L-tyrosine absorption were studied in everted sacs of small intestine of the Chilean lizard, Liolaemus nitidus. The absorption of D-glucose (10, 20 and 40 mM) and L- tyrosine (2 and 5 mM) increases significantly (P < 0.05) during the summer compared with values from animals captured during the winter. Thyroxine (T-4) induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in D-glucose absorption in both seasons, and L-tyrosine during the winter, whilst the chemically thyroidectomized (PTU) lizards showed very low absorption capacity for both compounds. The seasonal changes in intestinal uptake of glucose and tyrosine shown by L. nitidus are related to levels of thyroxine during the summer and the winter. Journal Article Beltz, Ellin 1994 Herpet-pourri Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 12 276-278 Journal Article Benabib, Miriam 1994 Reproduction and lipid utilization of tropical populations of Sceloporus variabilis Herpetological Monographs 8 160-180 insectivorous life history lipids mexico reproduction tropics veracruz Journal Article Bendon, John 1994 The best of Andros-My two years cohabitation with a Cycluran iguana Iguana Times 3 1 16-18 Journal Article Bennati, R.;Bonetti, M.;Lavazza, A.;Gelmetti, D. 1994 Skin lesions associated with herpesvirus-like particles in frogs (Rana dalmatina) Veterinary Record 135 26 625-626 Journal Article Bennati, R.;Bonetti, M.;Lavazza, A.;Gelmetti, D. 1994 Skin-lesions associated with herpesvirus-like particles in frogs (Rana dalmatina) Veterinary Record 135 26 625-626 Amphibia, anura, Rana dalmatina, infection, virus, herpes Reprint Endnote 95/190 Journal Article Bennett, R. Avery 1994 Fracture management in reptiles Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 3 2 108-112 treatment surgery amputation external coaptation internal fixation metabolic bone disease orthopedics Journal Article Bennett, R.A. 1994 Current techniques in reptile anesthesia and surgery American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Annual Conference, Proceedings 36-44 reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, anesthesia, anatomy, dystocia, prolapse in Junge, R.E. Editor October 22-27, 1994 Pittsburgh Journal Article Bennett, Albert F. 1994 Exercise performance of reptiles Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine 38B 113-138 Journal Article Benton, Allen 1994 Longtail salamander Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 89-95 Eurycea bislineata lucifuga longicauda Journal Article Benyajati, S.;Bay, S. M. 1994 Basolateral taurine transport system in reptilian renal cells Am J Physiol Reptilia, serpentes, garter snake, Thamnophis spp., physiology, taurine transport The characteristics of taurine transport across renal basolateral membranes were examined, using basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMV) isolated from garter snake (Thamnophis spp.) kidneys. BLMV fraction exhibited high enrichment for the basolateral marker enzyme, Na+-K+- adenosinetriphosphatase (23-fold), with similar to 10% contamination by brush-border membranes. Taurine uptake into BLMV was specifically stimulated by inwardly directed Na+ gradient in the presence of Cl-. Equilibrium NaCl condition and replacement of NaCl gradient by KCl, choline chloride, NaSCN, sodium gluconate, or mannitol inhibited taurine uptake. Unlike brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV), taurine uptak:e into BLMV was not stimulated by a Cl- gradient. In further contrast to BBMV, BLMV taurine uptake was smaller in magnitude and not electrogenic. The stoichiometric relationship between Na+ and BLMV taurine uptake, determined by activation method, indicated a 1 Na+:1 taurine interaction, in contrast to the 3 Na+:1 taurine stoichiometry for BBMV taurine transport. Bromcresol green inhibited BBMV taurine transport but had no effect on BLMV taurine uptake. Efflux of taurine from BLMV was faster than that from BBMV. Unlike BBMV, the BLMV efflux was stimulated by external taurine. The observed characteristics of taurine transport on both membranes would integratively result in net transepithelial reabsorption of taurine across renal cells of the garter snake, a species that demonstrates both net reabsorption and secretion of taurine in vivo. Journal Article Bergallo, H. G.;Rocha, C. F. D. 1994 Spatial and trophic niche differentiation in two sympatric lizards (Tropidurus torquatus and Cnemidophorus ocellifer) with different foraging tactics Aust. J. Ecol. 19 Reptiles, lizards, ecology, diet, restinga habitat, food Journal Article Berger, Leszek;Rybacki, Mariusz;Hotz, Hansjürg 1994 Artificial fertilization of water frogs Amphibia-Reptilia 15 4 408-413 rana esculenta lessonae ridibunda Journal Article Berger, Leszek;Ogielska, Maria 1994 Spontaneuos haploid-triploid mosaicism in the progeny of a Rana kl. esculenta female and Rana lessonae males Amphibia-Reptilia 15 2 143-152 hybridogens chimerae Journal Article Bergeron, J.M.;Crews, D.;Mclachlan, J.A. 1994 PCBs as environmental estrogens: Turtle sex determination as a biomarker of environmental contamination Environmental Health Perspectives 102 9 780-781 POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TEMPERATURE; ESTRADIOL; REVERSAL Journal Article Bergeron, J.M.;Crews, D.;McLachlan, J.A. 1994 PCBs as environmental estrogens: Turtle sex determination as a biomarker of environmental contamination Environmental Health Perspectives 102 9 780-781 Ectoxicology Journal Article Bergmann, Martin 1994 The morphology of the testis in Salamandra salamandra (L.) Mertensiella 4 75-82 Salamandra salamandra; Testis; Lobule boundry cells; Sertoli cells; Blood-testis-barrier Journal Article Berkhoudt, H.;Kardong, K.V.;Zweers, G.A. 1994 Mechanics of drinking in the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis Zoology - Analysis of Complex Systems 98 2 92-103 drinking behavior; snake behavior; functional morphology; HYOID APPARATUS; MUSCLES; VARANIDAE; TONGUE Journal Article Berman, D.I.;Sapozhnikov, G.P. 1994 Spatial population structure of Siberian salamander (Salamandrella keyserlingii) in the upper Kolyma basin Russian Journal of Ecology 25 2 139-147 Journal Article Bernal-Carlo, Amanda;Roze, Janis A. 1994 A new Leptophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 30 1 46-49 Leptophis santamartensis sp. nov. Journal Article Bernal-Carlo, Amanda 1994 A new subspecies of the colubrid snake Liophis epinephelus from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 30 4 186-189 Liophis epinephelus kogiorum subsp. nov. Journal Article Bernardini, G.;Vismara, C.;Boracchi, P.;Camatini, M. 1994 Lethality, Teratogenicity and Growth Inhibition of Heptanol in Xenopus Assayed by a Modified Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX) Procedure Science of the Total Environment 151 1 1-8 Bioassay; Amphibia; Teratology; Xenopus; Embryo; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION SYSTEM; TO-CELL COMMUNICATION; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; MAMMALIAN HEART; LAEVIS; ANESTHETICS; VALIDATION; ALKANOLS; CHLORIDE Journal Article Bernardo, J. 1994 Experimental Analysis of Allocation in Two Divergent, Natural Salamander Populations American Naturalist 143 1 14-38 FROG RANA-SYLVATICA; GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; SCAPHIOPUS-COUCHII TADPOLES; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; DESMOGNATHUS-OCHROPHAEUS; AMBYSTOMA-TALPOIDEUM; GENETIC-BASIS; EGG SIZE; COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION Journal Article Bernardo, J. 1994 Experimental analysis of allocation in two divergent natural salamander populations American Naturalist 143 14-38 Journal Article Berrill, M.;Bertram, S.;Mcgillivray, L.;Kolohon, M.;Pauli, B. 1994 Effects of Low Concentrations of Forest-Use Pesticides on Frog Embryos and Tadpoles Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13 4 657-664 Amphibian; Pesticides; Fenitrothion; Triclopyr; Tadpoles; TRICLOPYR BUTOXYETHYL ESTER; COHO SALMON; FENITROTHION; HEXAZINONE; TRANSFORMATION; PERSISTENCE; METABOLISM; GARLON-3A; FISH; SIZE Journal Article Berrill, M.;S. Bertram, L. McGillivray, M. Kolohon;Pauli., B. 1994 Effects of low concentrations of forest-use pesticides on frog embryos and tadpoles Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13 657-664 Journal Article Berry, Randal 1994 Crutchfield's crocodile farm Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 20-21 Journal Article Bertolero, Albert;Martínez-Vilalta, Albert 1994 Presencia histórica de Testudo hermanni en las comarcas del Baix Ebre y Montsià (sur de Cataluña) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 2-3 Testudo hermanni, Historical review; South Catalonia Journal Article Bertonatti, C. 1994 Lista propuesta de anfibios y reptiles amenazados de extinción Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 164-171 Journal Article Bertoni, Ribello M. 1994 Painted turtles Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1994 26, January/February 8-16 Journal Article Bertoni, Ribello M. 1994 Veiled chameleons Reptile & Amphibian Magazine July/August 65-77 Book Section Beutelschiess, Jürgen;Beutelschiess, Christa 1994 Herpetologische eindrücke aus dem Kinabalu Park, Borneo [Herpetological impressions from Kinabalu Park, Borneo] Herrmann, Hans-Joachim and Zimmermann, Helmut Beiträge zur Biologie der Anuren [Contributions to the Biology of Anurans] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 24-29 dicroglossus kuhli amolops kinabaluensis staurois tuberilinguis leptobrachium hasselti baluensis hanitschi philautus aurifasciatus pictus asper sphenomorphus kinabaluensis cyrtodactylys baluensis ptychozoon rhacophorus lepidodactylus woodfordi bronchocela critatella Edited Book Beynon, Peter H.;Lawton, Martin P. C.;Cooper, John E. 1994 Manual of Reptiles Gloucestershire, Great Britain British Small Animal Veterinary Association 228 Book Section Billings, David R. 1994 The care and breeding of common British reptiles and amphibians - Part V, the viviparous lizard (Lacerta vivpara) Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 17-20 Book Section Billings, David 1994 The care and breeding of common British reptiles and amphibians. Patr VI - The slow worm (Anguis fragilis) Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 32-36 Book Section Billings, David 1994 Keeping and breeding the European green toad (Bufo viridis) Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 225-228 notophthalmus viridescens Book Section Billings, David 1994 The care and breeding of the edible frog (Rana esculenta) in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 239-242 notophthalmus viridescens Book BioSystems 1994 Life on the Edge: A guide to California's Endangered Natural Resources Santa Cruz, CA BioSystems Books 550 Journal Article Bird, Peter 1994 A range extension and atypical habitat for the mainland population of the pygmy copperhead Austrelaps labialis Herpetofauna 24 2 46-47 Journal Article Bird, D. R. 1994 The Australian stonecrop Crassula helmsii problem British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 50 23-29 Crassula helmsii Journal Article Bishop, C.A.;Brown, G.P.;Brooks, R.J.;Lean, D.R.S.;Carey, J.H. 1994 Organochlorine contaminant concentrations in eggs and their relationship to body size, and clutch characteristics of the female common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) in Lake Ontario, Canada Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27 1 82-87 GREAT-LAKES; TROUT; DIOXINS; FURANS; TISSUE; RIVER; DDT; AGE Journal Article Bishop, Lianne A.;Farrell, Terence M. 1994 Thamnophis sauritus sackenii (peninsula ribbon snake). Behavior Herpetological Review 25 3 127 Journal Article Bizerra, Alessandra F.;Jordão, Rosana S.;Sazima, Ivan 1994 Simophis rhinostoma (NCN). Diet Herpetological Review 25 2 72-73 Journal Article Bjorndal, K.A.;Bolten, A.B.;Lagueux, C.J. 1994 Ingestion of Marine Debris by Juvenile Sea Turtles in Coastal Florida Habitats Marine Pollution Bulletin 28 3 154-158 ECOLOGY Journal Article Bjorndal, Karen A.;Bolten, Alan B.;Gordon, Jonathan;Caminas, Juan A. 1994 Caretta caretta (loggerhead). Growth and pelagic movement Herpetological Review 25 1 23-24 Book Bjorndal, K.A.;A.B. Bolten, D.A. Johnson, P.J. Eliazar (compilers) 1994 Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation NOAA Journal Article Blackburn, D.G. 1994 Discrepant Usage of the Term Voviviparity in the Herpetological Literature Herpetological Journal 4 3 65-72 Journal Article Blackburn, D. G. 1994 Discrepant usage of the term 'ovovivparity' in the herpetological literature Herpetological Journal 4 3 65-72 Journal Article Blackburn, Daniel G. 1994 Standardized criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles Copeia 1994 4 925-935 egg placenta viviparity Journal Article Blackburn, D. G. 1994 Discrepant usage of the term 'ovoviviparity' in the herpetological literature Herpetological Journal 4 65-72 herps, review, reproduction, terminology, Journal Article Blahak, S. 1994 Urinary stones in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) Urolithiasis beim Grünen Leguan (Iguana iguana) Tierarztliche Praxis 22 187-190 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana iguana, pathology, urinary bladder, stone Journal Article Blahnik, James F.;Cochran, Phillip A. 1994 Opheodrys vernalis (smooth green snake). USA: Wisconsin Herpetological Review 25 2 77 Journal Article Blair, Kathleen B.;Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1994 Thirty-five new herpetological county records for Texas Herpetological Review 25 1 36-37 Journal Article Blair, David W. 1994 Chuckwallas Reptiles 1 3 16-22 Sauromalus obesus diet predators reproduction captive ater australis hispidus slevinai varius Journal Article Blake, David K. 1994 South Africa: CITES proposal update Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 6 crocodile farms Journal Article Blake, David 1994 Dead crocodile to give birth Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 9 crocodylus Journal Article Blake, P. A. 1994 Failure and success with the black kingsnake, Lampropeltis getulus niger Herptile 19 4 156-158 getula oophagy canibalism Journal Article Blasus, Randy 1994 Paperwork for herpetology Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 9 12-13 Journal Article Blasus, Randy 1994 MHS general meeting review Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 5 5 Journal Article Blatchford, Dave 1994 Ultrviolet vision in lizards Notes From NOAH 21 4 6-7 Journal Article Blatchford, Dave 1994 Book Review: Garter Snakes and their Allies, The Ribbon Snakes and Water Snakes. Their Captive Husbandry and Reproduction Reptilian 2 5 6 Book Review Journal Article Blaustein, A.R. 1994 Amphibians in a Bad Light Natural History 103 10 32-37 Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;Hoffman, Peter D.;Hokit, D. Grant;Kiesecker, Joseph M.;Walls, Susan C.;Hays, John B. 1994 UV repair and resistance to solor UV-B in amphibian eggs: A link to population declines? Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 91 1791-1795 bufo boreas rana cascadae hyla regilla pseudacris Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;Hokit, D. Grant;O'Hara, Richard K. 1994 Pathogenic fungus contributes to amphibian losses in the Pacific Northwest Biological Conservation 67 251-254 Bufo boreas amphibian decline fungas Saprolegnia ferax Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R. 1994 Chicken Little or Nero's fiddle? A perspective on declining amphibian populations Herpetologica 50 1 85-97 FROG RANA-PIPIENS; BUFO-CALAMITA; SIERRA-NEVADA; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; EXTINCTION; TOAD; ACIDIFICATION; FLUCTUATIONS; CONSEQUENCES Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;Wake, David B.;Sousa, Wayne P. 1994 Amphibian declines: judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions Conservation Biology 8 1 60-71 Journal Article Blaustein, Leon;Margalit, Joel 1994 Mosquito larvae (Culiseta longiareolata) prey upon and compete with toad tadpoles (Bufo viridis) Journal of Animal Ecology 63 841-850 Bufo viridis, competition, Culiseta longiareolata, intraguild predation, temporary pools Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R. 1994 Amphibians in a bad light Natural History 103 10 32-39 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;P. D. Hoffman, D. G. Hokit, J. M. Kiesecker, S. C. Walls;Hays., J. B. 1994 UV repair and resistance to solar UV-B in amphibian eggs: a link to population declines? Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 91 1791-1795 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;D. G. Hokit, R. K. O'Hara;Holt., R. A. 1994 Pathogenic fungus contributes to amphibian losses in the Pacific Northwest Biological Conservation 67 251-254 Journal Article Blaustein, L.;Margalit., J. 1994 Mosquito larvae (Culiseta longiareolata) prey upon and compete with toad tadpoles (Bufo viridis) Journal of Animal Ecology 63 841-850 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;Wake, D. B.;Sousa., W. P. 1994 Amphibian declines: judging stability, persistence and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions Conservation Biology 8 60-71 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R. 1994 Amphibians declines: judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local amd global extinctions Conservation Biology 8 1 60-71 DAP, Journal Article Blaylock, R. S. 1994 Electrotherapy for snakebite [letter] S Afr Med J 84 12 875 Journal Article Blaylock, R. S. 1994 Pressure immobilisation for snakebite in southern Africa remains speculative [editorial] [see comments] [published erratum appears in S Afr Med J 1995 Dec;85(12):1310] S Afr Med J 84 12 826-7 Journal Article Blázquez, Ma. Carmen 1994 Notes on the reproduction of Elaphe scalaris(Schinz, 1822) in southern Spain Herpetological Journal 4 3 109-111 Journal Article Blázquez, M. Carmen 1994 Notes on the reproduction of Elaphe scalaris (Schinz, 1822) in southern Spain Herpetological Journal 4 109-111 Journal Article Blitz, C. I. R. 1994 Kweek, huisvesting en verzorging van Geochelone elongata (Geelkoplandschildpad) [Herpetoculture, housing and care of Geochelone elongata (elongated tortoise)] Terra 30 5 75-79 indotestudo Journal Article Block, W.M.;Morrison, M.L.;Verner, J.;Manley, P.N. 1994 Assessing Wildlife Habitat Relationships Models: A Case Study with California Oak Woodlands Wildlife Society Bulletin 22 4 549-561 Amphibians; Birds; Model Testing; Oak Woodlands; Small Mammals; Wildlife-Habitat-Relationships Models Journal Article Blomstrom, David 1994 Herpeto-toponymy Reptile & Amphibian magazine May/June 22-27 Journal Article Bobyn, M.L.;Brooks, R.J. 1994 Incubation conditions as potential factors limiting the northern distribution of snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 72 1 28-37 SNAKES PITUOPHIS-MELANOLEUCUS; HATCHLING PINE SNAKES; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; BODY SIZE; EGG SIZE; LARVAL SALAMANDERS; SEX DETERMINATION; PAINTED TURTLES; NATURAL-SELECTION; HYDRIC CONDITIONS Journal Article Bobyn, M.L.;Brooks, R.J. 1994 Interclutch and interpopulation variation in the effects of incubation conditions on sex, survival and growth of hatchling turtles (Chelydra serpentina) Journal of Zoology 233 Part 2 233-257 EMBRYONIC SNAPPING TURTLES; SNAKES PITUOPHIS-MELANOLEUCUS; EGG-SIZE; CROCODYLUS-JOHNSTONI; HATCHING SUCCESS; PINE SNAKES; BODY SIZE; NATURAL-SELECTION; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS Journal Article Bobyn, ML and Brooks, RJ 1994 Interclutch and interpopulation variation in the effects of incubation conditions on sex, survival and growth of hatchling turtles (Chelydra serpentina) 233 233-257 sex ratio Journal Article Bock, Carl E.;Bock, Jane H. 1994 Effects of predator exclusion on rodent abundance in an Arizona semidesert grassland Southwestern Naturalist 39 2 208-210 crotalus scutulatus Journal Article Bodri, M.S. 1994 Common parasitic diseases of reptiles and amphibians American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Annual Conference, Proceedings 11-17 Reptilia; sauria; serpentes; testudines; Amphibia; infection; helminth Journal Article Boellstorff, D.E.;Owings, D.H.;Penedo, M.C.T.;Hersek, M.J. 1994 Reproductive behaviour and multiple paternity of California ground squirrels Animal Behaviour 47 5 1057-1064 NATURAL-POPULATIONS; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS; FORCED COPULATION; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; GARTER SNAKE; INSEMINATION; FERTILIZATION; COMPETITION; DROSOPHILA; PARENTAGE Journal Article Boeseman, M. 1994 A hidden early source of information on north-eastern Brazilian zoology Zool. Med. Leiden 68 12 113-125 Journal Article Bogart, J.P.;Balon, E.K.;Bruton, M.N. 1994 The chromosomes of the living coelacanth and their remarkable similarity to those of one of the most ancient frogs Journal of Heredity 85 4 322-325 RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; LATIMERIA-CHALUMNAE; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES Journal Article Bogon, K. 1994 Das Beutefang - verhalten der schlingnatter [Capturing prey - death-hold constriction] TI Magazin 1994 118 33-36 elaphe longissima lacerta viridis Journal Article Boilstone, Mark 1994 The colubrids of Laos Reptilian 2 6 32-37 Elaphe Journal Article Bolger, D.T.;Case, T.J. 1994 Divergent ecology of sympatric clones of the asexual gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris Oecologia 100 4 397-405 evolution of sex; ecology; clones; Lepidodactylus lugubris; Gekkonidae; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE; CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION; BEHAVIOR; PARTHENOGENESIS; TEMPERATURES; POECILIOPSIS; COEVOLUTION Journal Article Bolker, J.A. 1994 Comparison of gastrulation in frogs and fish American Zoologist 34 3 313-322 XENOPUS-LAEVIS; MESODERM MORPHOGENESIS; AMBYSTOMA-MEXICANUM; WHITE STURGEON; CELLS; MECHANISM; MOVEMENTS; GENES Journal Article Bolland, Annick 1994 Wormen bij schildpadden [Deworming tortoises] Terra 30 9 130-132 Journal Article Bonilla, G.O.;Focesi, A.;Bonaventura, C.;Bonaventura, J.;Cashon, R.E. 1994 Functional properties of the hemoglobin from the South American snake Mastigodryas bifossatus Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 109 4 1085-1095 Mastigodryas bifossatus; hemoglobin; hemolysate; OXYGEN-TRANSPORT; LIOPHIS-MILIARIS; BINDING; ENVIRONMENTS Journal Article Bonnet, Xavier;Naulleau, Guy 1994 Utilisation d'un indice de condition corporelle (BCI) pour l'étude de la reproduction chez les serpents [Utilization of the body condition index (BCI) to study of reproduction in snakes] Comptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences Serie III - Sciences de La Vie - Life Sciences 317 1 34-41 body condition index reserves clutch size reproduction reptiles snakes trade-off vipera aspis coluber viridiflavus elaphe longissima INVESTMENT; ECOLOGY; BIOLOGY; SIZE Journal Article Bonnet, X.;Naulleau, G.;Mauget, R. 1994 The influence of body condition on 17-beta estradiol levels in relation to vitellogenesis in female Vipera aspis (Reptilia, Viperidae) Gen Comp Endocrinol 93 3 424-437 Reptilia, serpentes, Viperidae, Vipera aspis, physiology, 17-beta estradiol level, vitellogenesis, body condition Seventy-six wild Vipera aspis females were caught over 3 years and placed in outdoor enclosures; 39 reproduced and 37 did not. Almost all the reproductive females had a body condition index (BCI) greater than 0.70 when vitellogenesis began. Monthly blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture. The main plasma parameters of vitellogenesis were measured by spectrophotometry: total plasma calcium, phosphorus, phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, proteins, and albumin. Plasma 17-beta estradiol levels were determined by RIA. Vitellogenesis started soon after hibernation in reproductive females with very high 17-beta estradiol concentrations (average of 4.00 ng/ml) and there was a marked mobilization of maternal reserves (fat bodies, liver, and vertebral bone) associated with very high values of plasma calcium, phosphorus, phospholipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, and proteins. The kinetics of the main plasma components were described throughout the vitellogenesis period (from March to early June), when all plasma parameters differed markedly between reproductive and nonreproductive females. After ovulation, the differences between the two groups of females disappeared except in the case of albumin, which remained at a very low level in reproductive females for 6 months. All nonreproductive females had low 17-beta estradiol plasma levels during vitellogenesis (average of 0.08 ng/ml) and there was no suggestion of mobilization of maternal reserves. After vitellogenesis plasma concentrations of estradiol were low in reproductive (an average of 0.08 ng/ml) and in nonreproductive animals (0.06 ng/ml). Five nonreproductive females kept in the laboratory were estrogenized by 17-beta estradiol silastic implants. The 17-beta estradiol concentrations were close to those measured in reproductive females during vitellogenesis. Maternal reserves were mobilized, with almost all metabolic parameters exhibiting the vitellogenic pattern. When the silastic implants were removed, 17- beta estradiol concentrations dropped sharply to a basal level, but the other components were maintained near the vitellogenic values for several months. In contrast to previous studies on viviparous snakes, these results suggest that in V. aspis 17-beta estradiol levels are linked strictly to vitellogenesis. Journal Article Bonnet, X.;Naulleau, G. 1994 A body condition index (Bci) in snakes to study reproduction Utilisation d'un indice de condition corporelle (BCI) pour l'étude de la reproduction chez les serpents. C R Acad Sci [iii] 317 1 34-41 Reptilia, serpentes, physiology, propagation, reproduction, condition, body A body condition index (BCI = actual body mass/optimal theoritical body mass of the studied animal) was estimated in females of 3 species of snake. From dissections of 88 Vipera aspis and 18 Coluber viridiflavus, strong relationships between body reserves (such a mass of fat bodies and liver) and BCI were found Furthermore, BCI explained most of the variance in the mass of the fat bodies and in the mars of the liver; however BCI and body length together increased the percentage of variation explained. Thus, a satisfactory estimation of body reserves in relation to body length is possible in living snakes. We have studied reproductive parameters (clutch size and litter size) in Vipera aspis (Viperidae) and Elaphe longissima (Colubridae) during a 3 year period. In the two species positive relationships between maternal body length and number of offspring were found At the beginning of vitellogenesis, litter size is related to the BCI level in V. aspis but not in E. longissima. lit both species, BCI must exceed a threshold value for reproduction to take place. However this threshold value is much lower in E. longissima (0.55) than in V. aspis (0.70). This indicates that in the latter species, large body reserves are necessary for the induction of vitellogenesis. In E. longissima, maternal body length is an important determinant of reproductive success, body reserves playing a minor role. In contrast, in female V. aspis the reproductive success is related to BCI and to a lesser extent to body length. Thus, there is a trade-off between maternal body length and body condition since both influence reproductive success positively and resources used for growth are not available for reserves. Further studies in snake ecology should consider the possible relationships between body condition and reproduction, as it gives oportunities to investigate the influence of the trade off between growth and body reserves on fecundity and thus one evolutionary trends in snakes. Journal Article Boomker, J. 1994 Parasites of South African freshwater fish VI Nematode parasites of some fish species in the Kruger National Park Onderstepoort J Vet Res 61 1 35-43 Animal; Female; Fishes/*parasitology; Fresh Water; Male; Nematoda/*isolation & purification/physiology; Seasons; South Africa The nematode parasites of 30 spot-tailed robbers, Brycinus imberi, five tiger-fish, Hydrocynus vittatus, 77 large-scaled yellowfish. Barbus marequensis, two mudsuckers, Labeo molybdinus, 114 catfish, Clarias gariepinus, 46 silver barbel, Schilbe intermedius, 66 squeakers, Synodontis zambezensis, three eels, Anguilla spp., 83 Mozambique bream, Oreochromis mossambicus, 81 red-breasted bream, Tilapia rendalli swierstrae and 32 large-mouthed bream, Serranochromis meridianus, caught in the Sabie, Crocodile and Olifants Rivers in the southern and central regions of the Kruger National Park, were collected, identified and counted. A single Camallanus sp. male was recovered from one of the mudsuckers; Capillaria spp. from three catfish and one squeaker; philometrid nematodes from two silver barbel, 15 squeakers and a large- mouthed bream; Paracamallanus cyathopharynx from one tiger-fish, 80 catfish, 28 silver barbel and one squeaker; Procamallanus laeviconchus from a single catfish; Rhabdochona esseniae from six large-scaled yellowfish; Rhabdochona versterae from 14 spot-tailed robbers; Rhabdochona spp. from 20 catfish, 17 silver barbel, eight squeakers, two eels, one large-mouthed bream and two red-breasted bream; Raillietnema synodontisi from 33 squeakers; Spinitectus petterae from 37 catfish; Spinitectus zambezensis from 55 squeakers; Spinitectus spp. from one tiger-fish and four silver barbel, and Spirocamallanus daleneae and Synodontisia thelastomoides from 33 and 35 squeakers, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Book Section Booth, David T. 1994 Effects of unstirred layers on cutaneous gas exchange Heatwole, Harold and Barthalmus, George T. Amphibian Biology. Volume I. The Integument Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons PTY Ltd 1 168-177 Journal Article Borgula, Adrian;Fallot, Philippe;Ryser, Jan 1994 Inventar der amphibienlaichgebiete von nationaler bedeutung [An inventory of the amphibian breeding sites of national importance in Switzerland] Schriftenreihe Umwelt - Natur und Landschaft 233 1-75 salamandra atra triturus cristatus alpestris carnifex helveticus vulgaris alytes obstetricans bombina variegata bufo calamita hyla arborea esculenta lessonae ridibunda dalmatina latastei temporaria Journal Article Borkhvardt, V. G.;Ivashintsova, E. B. 1994 On the position of the epicoracoids in amphibian arciferal pectoral girdles Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 2 114-116 salamandrella keyserlingii bufo viridis pelobates fuscus Journal Article Borkhvardt, V.G. 1994 Development of the Limbs in Larvae of Siberian Salamander, Salamandrella keyserlingii (Amphibia, Hynobiidae) Zoologichesky Zhurnal 73 5 53-67 TETRAPOD; REGULARITIES; SKELETON Journal Article Bosch, J.;López-Bueis, I. 1994 Comparative study of the dorsal pattern in Salamandra salamandra bejarae (Wolterstorff, 1934) and S. s. almanzoris (Müller & Hellmich, 1935) Herpetological Journal 4 2 46-48 Journal Article Boulon, Ralf H., Jr. 1994 Growth rates of wild juvenile hawksbill turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands Copeia 1994 3 811-814 SOUTHERN BAHAMAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES Journal Article Boundy, Jeff 1994 County records for Florida amphibians and reptiles Herpetological Review 25 2 78-79 pseudobranchus siren amphiuma notophthalamus ambystoma eurycea hyla pseudacris alligator chelydra kinosternon pseudemys gopherus ophisaurus diadophis elaphe farancia heterodon lampropeltis nerodia pituophis regina rhadinaea storeria thamnophis virginia micrurus agkistrodon crotalus sistrurus Journal Article Boundy, Jeff 1994 Thamnophis rufipunctatus (narrow-headed garter snake). Color and size Herpetological Review 25 3 126-127 Journal Article Boundy, Jeff 1994 Range extensions for Louisana amphibians and reptiles Herpetological Review 25 3 128-129 ambystoma talpoideum eurycea quadridigitata necturus beyeri maculosus plethodon kisatchie acris crepitans hyla chrysoscelis squirella rana grylio scaphiopus holbrookii apalone mutica macroclemys temminckii terrapene carolina trachemys scripta hemidactylus turcicus coluber constrictor lampropeltis triangulum storeria occipitomaculata micrurus fulvius Journal Article Boundy, Jeff 1994 County records for Texas amphibians and reptiles Herpetological Review 25 3 129 scaphiopus holbrookii terrapene lampropeltis triangulum storeria micrurus fulvius siren intermedia notophthalmus meridionalis ornata holbrookia propinqua eumeces multivirgatus heterodon nasicus calligaster getula masticophis taeniatus pituophis melanoleucus regina grahamii sonora semiannulata dekayi trimorphodon biscutatus virginia striatula sistrurus miliarius Journal Article Boundy, Jeff;Shively, Steve 1994 Hyla femoralis (pine woods treefrog). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 25 4 160 Journal Article Bour, Roger;Dubois, Alain 1994 Dumerilia: présentationd'un nouveau journal herpétologique [ Dumerilia: presentation of a new herpetological journal] Dumerilia 1 1 1-4 rbour@club-internet.fr Journal Article Bour, Roger 1994 Avant-propos [forward] Dumerilia 1 1 5-6 rbour@club-internet.fr Journal Article Bour, Roger;Buskirk, James;Dubois, Alain;Pritchard, Peter 1994 Notes complémentaires du Comité de Lecture [Comments of the Review Committee] In Patrick David. Liste des reptiles actuels du monde I. Chelonii [Current list of reptiles of the world: Testudines] Dumerilia 1 1 81-88 classification taxonomy bibliography chelonians chelonia turtles tortoises rbour@club-internet.fr Journal Article Boussac, Bernard 1994 Herpetophilatelie La Tortue 1994 28 34-35 Journal Article Boussac, Bernard 1994 Herpetophilatelie [Herpetophilately] La Tortue 1994 26 34-35 Journal Article Bowden, Jane 1994 Young People's Herpetocultural Dialog: Collard lizard: Crotaphytus collaris Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 3 insert Journal Article Bowen, Brian W.;Avise, John C. 1994 Tracking turtles through time Natural History 103 12 36-43 Chelonia mydas Journal Article Bowen, Brian W.;Kamezaki, Naoki;Limpus, Colin J.;Hughes, George R.;Meylan, Anne B.;Avise, John C. 1994 Global phylogeography of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) as indicated by mitochondrial DNA haplotypes Evolution 48 6 1820-1828 Caretta caretta; Biogeography; Conservation genetics; Marine turtles; Mitochondrial DNA; Phylogeography Journal Article Bowerman, A.G.;Kinnamon, S.C. 1994 The significance of apical K+ channels in mudpuppy feeding behavior Chemical Senses 19 4 303-315 SALMO-GAIRDNERI-RICHARDSON; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; HAMSTER CHORDA TYMPANI; TASTE CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; AMINO-ACIDS; MIXTURE SUPPRESSION; NECTURUS-MACULOSUS; GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE; TRANSDUCTION Journal Article Bowersox, S. R.;Calderón, S.;Cisper, G.;Garcia, R. S.;Huntington, C.;Lathrop, A.;Lenart, L.;Parmerlee, J. S.;Powell, R.;Queral, A.;Smith, D. D.;Sowell, S. P.;Zippel, K. C. 1994 Miscellaneous natural history notes on amphibians and reptiles from the Dominican Republic Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 3 54-55 Osteopilus dominicensis septentrionalis hemidactylus haitianus anolis chlorocyanus cybotes coelestinus brevirostris uromacer catesbyi Journal Article Bowersox, Susan R.;Calderón, Sylvia;Cisper, Gretchen;Garcia, Renée S.;Huntington, Christopher;Lathrop, Amy;Lenart, Lori;John S. Parmerlee, Jr.;Powell, Robert;Queral, Alejandro;Smith, Donald D.;Sowell, Scott P.;Zippel, Kevin 1994 Miscellaneous natural history notes on Amphibians and Reptiles from the Dominican Republic Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 54-55 Amphbian, anura, reptilia, squamata, behavior, life history, Osteopilus, Anolis Journal Article Bowker, Robert W. 1994 Elgaria kingi (Arizona alligator lizard). Size Herpetological Review 25 3 121 Journal Article Bowker, Robert W. 1994 Lampropeltis pyromelana (Sonoran mountain kingsnake). Temperature, activity, and size Herpetological Review 25 3 124-125 Journal Article Boyer, Leslie 1994 Envenomation by reptiles in Arizona Sonoran Herpetologist 7 9 74-78 Journal Article Boyer, T.H. 1994 Husbandry and veterinary care of the green iguana .1. Green iguana care Scientific Presentations of the 61St Annual Meeting - American Animal Hospital Association 103-114 Reptilia, sauria, iguana, management, husbandry, pathology Journal Article Boyer, Donal M.;Boyer, Thomas H. 1994 Tortoise care Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 4 1 16-28 Journal Article Böhme, Wolgang 1994 Book Review: Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). Part I. Australia and Oceania. - Das Tierreich, Part 109 Amphibia-Reptilia 15 4 424 Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang 1994 Book Review: Fauna of Australia. Vol. 2A, Amphibia & Reptilia Amphibia-Reptilia 15 3 327 Journal Article Bracken, Greg 1994 Close encounters of the not-so-kind Cold Blooded News 21 8 9 Journal Article Bradford, David F.;Gordon, Malcolm S.;Johnson, Dale F.;Andrews, Russel D.;Jennings, W. Bryan 1994 Acidic deposition as an unlikely cause for amphibian population declines in the Sierra Nevada, California Biological Conservation 69 155-161 pH rana muscosa bufo canorus pseudacris regilla Acidic Deposition; Amphibians; Sierra Nevada; PH; Rana-Muscosa; Bufo-Canorus; Pseudacris-Regilla; RANA-MUSCOSA; ALPINE BASIN; PH; CHEMISTRY; ALUMINUM; LARVAE; LAKES Journal Article Bradford, David F.;Swanson, Christina;Gordon, Malcolm S. 1994 Effects of low pH and aluminum on amphibians at high elevation in the Sierra Nevada, California Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 72 7 1272-1279 pseudacris regilla ambystoma macrodactulum bufo canorus amphibian decline ACIDIC DEPOSITION; POPULATION; CHEMISTRY; TOLERANCE; DECLINES Journal Article Bradford, D.F.;Graber, D.M.;Tabatabai, F. 1994 Population Declines of the Native Frog, Rana muscosa, in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California Southwestern Naturalist 39 4 323-327 Journal Article Bradford, D. F.;Swanson, C.;Gordon., M. S. 1994 Effects of low pH and aluminum on amphibians at high elevations in the Sierra Nevada, California. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72 1272-1279 Journal Article Bradley, Robert 1994 Shovel-nosed snakes Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 2 8 Chionactis occipitalis Journal Article Braker, Nancy 1994 The glass lizard The Wisconsin Herpetological Society March 14 Journal Article Branch, W. R. 1994 Herpetofauna of the Sperrgebeit region of southern Namibia Herpetological Natural History 2 1 1-11 namib desert africa phyllodactylus lineatus pachydactylus weberi bibroni laevigatus namaquensis punctatus chondrodactylus angulifer namibensis ptenopus garrulus maculatus agama atra knobelli hispida anchietae chamaelo namaquensis meroles suborbitalis ctenodactylus cuneirostris knoxii pedioplantis inornata lineoocellata mabuya sulcata variegata scelotes capensis cordylus polyzonus cordylosaurus subtesselatus bitis schneideri caudalis lamprophis fuliginosus psammophis notostictus leightoni namibensis chersina angulata breviceps sp. Journal Article Branch, William R.;Bauer, Aaron M. 1994 Phyllodactylus peringueyi (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) its taxonomic history, rediscovery, and phylogenetic affinities Annals of the South African Museum 104 2 13-30 Journal Article Brandon, Ronald A.;Ballard, Scott R. 1994 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (hellbender). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 25 1 31 Journal Article Brandon, Ronald A.;Wilson, Allan K. 1994 Crotaphytus collaris (callard lizard). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 25 2 76 Journal Article Brandt, Steve 1994 Why do volunteers cross the road? To save a frog's hide Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 4 13-14 Journal Article Branson, Branley Allen 1994 Snapping turtles Reptile & Amphibian magazine May/June 44-53 Chelydra serpentina macroclemmys temminckii Book Section Brattstrom, Bayard H. 1994 Social behavior and habitat requirements of desert reptiles Brown, Philip R. and Wright, John W. Herpetology of the North American Deserts. Proceedings of a Symposium Van Nuys, CA Southwestern Herpetologists Society Special Publication Number 5 127-142 Journal Article Braz, E.;Joly, P. 1994 Micro-habitat use, resource partitioning and ecological succession in a size-structured guild of newt larvae (g Triturus, Caudata, Amphibia) Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 131 2 129-139 Book Section Brazaitis, Peter;Wise, Mark 1994 Conservation of commercially important reptiles today: Analysis based on crocodilians Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 209-221 Journal Article Brändel, Martin;Rödel, Mark-Oliver 1994 Beiträge zur Kenntnis der iberischen Herpetofauna (Amphibia; Reptilia) [Contribution to the knowledge of the Iberian herpetofauna (Amphibia; Reptilia) Herpetozoa 7 1/2 19-27 Iberian peninsula distribution habitat salamandra almanzoria rana perezi lacerta monticola viridis malpolon monspessulanus Journal Article Breckenridge, W. R. 1994 The Ichthyophis in Sri Lanka: a short review Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 27-32 Sri Lanka Journal Article Breininger, David R.;Schmalzer, Paul A.;Hinkle, C. Ross 1994 Gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) densities in coastal scrub and slash pine flatwoods in Florida Journal of Herpetology 28 1 60-65 habitat NORTHERN FLORIDA; MANAGEMENT; HABITAT Journal Article Bremer, Ed 1994 The San Joaquin Herpetological Society field guide to reptiles and amphibians occuring along the San Joaquin River corridor Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 6 50-51 lampropeltis getula pituophis melanoleucus thamnophis sirtalis elegans coluber constrictor sceloporus occidentalis eumeces gilberti gerronotus multicarinatus batrachioseps nigriventris bufo boreas hyla regilla pseudacris rana catesbeiana clemmys marmorata Journal Article Bremer, Ed 1994 Snake-ploitation Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 7 69 Journal Article Brenowitz, E.A.;Rose, G.J. 1994 Behavioural Plasticity Mediates Aggression in Choruses of the Pacific Treefrog Animal Behaviour 47 3 633-641 MALE CALLING BEHAVIOR; HYLA-REGILLA; NEOTROPICAL TREEFROG; CRICKET FROG; AMPLITUDE Journal Article Breßeler, Helga 1994 Bibliographie Herpetologischer Bibliographien III. Amphibia, Reptilia. Bibliography on Herpetological Bibliographies III. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 167 1-138 Journal Article Breuer, Achim 1994 Zur Haltung und Nachzucht der Zwerg-Chamäleons Bradypodion damaranum (Boulenger 1887) und B. pumilum (Gmelin 1789) Sauria 16 2 21-26 Bradypodion damaranum; Bradypodion pumilum; Reptilia; Sauria; Chamaeleonidae; Husbandry; Diseases; Reproduction Journal Article Bricker, Kathy 1994 Raising newly-hatched green anoles, Anolis carolinensis, in captivity Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 1 1-4 Journal Article Bricker, Kathy 1994 Book Review: The Care and Use of Amphibians, Reptiles and Fish in Research Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 4 80-81 Journal Article Bridarolli, M. E.;Di Tada, I. 1994 Actividad reproductiva de Leptodactylus gracilis, Leptodactylus mystacinus y leptodactylus latinasus latinasus (Anura: Leptodactylidae), a escalas de especio y tiempo en tres areas del cono urbano y suburbano de la ciudad de Rio Cuarto (Departmento Rio Cuarto, Córdoba) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 32-36 Leptodactylus gracilis; Leptodactylus mystacinus; Leptodactylus latinasus Journal Article Bridarolli, M. E.;Di Tada, I. 1994 Biogeografia de los anfibios anuros de la region central de la Republica Argentina Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 63-82 Journal Article Bridarolli, M. E.;Tada, I. E. Di 1994 Biogeografia de los anfibios anuros de la region central de la republica Argentina Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8 1 63-82 frogs, calling Journal Article Bridges, Jim 1994 Encouraging responsible herptile ownership in young people Herp Tales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1994 November 4-6 Journal Article Briggs, Pat 1994 Life history notes [Burmese python reproduction] Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 6 53 Journal Article Bright, C. 1994 Twilight of the frogs World Watch Nov/Dec 1994 34-36 DAP, Journal Article Briguera, V.;Chiaraviglio, M.;Gutierrez, M. 1994 Comunicación química en la boa arco iris Epicrates cenchria alvarezi(Serpentes, Boidae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 10-11 Epicrates cenchria alvarezi Journal Article Briguera, V.;Chiaraviglio, M.;Gutierrez, M. 1994 Seguimiento de rastros en la boa arco iris Epicrates cenchria alvarezi (Serpentes: Boidae) mediado por mensajes químicos Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 48-49 Epicrates cenchria alvarezi Journal Article Briguera, V.;Chiaraviglio, M.;Gutierrez, M. 1994 Comunicacion quimica en la boa arco iris Epicrates cenchria alvarezi, (Serpentes, Boidae) Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 2 173-176 Epicrates cenchria alvarezi Journal Article Bringsøe, Henrik;in den Bosch, Herman A. J. 1994 Meaningless species protection of the European herpetofauna under the Berne Convention and the new E.C. directive British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 47 12-15 conservation policy europe european union community Journal Article Brinsøe, Henrik 1994 Cyrtopodion kotschyi (Kotschy's gecko). Greece: Municipality (Nomos) of Etolias-Akarnanias Herpetological Review 25 4 164 Journal Article Brisbane, Karen 1994 Deformities in blotched blue-tongue lizards Tiliqua nigrolutea after presumed dichlorvis (pest strip) poisoning Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 55-57 Journal Article Brito, J. 1994 Las tortugas marina en Chile: su situation actual Jornadas de Ciencias del Mar/Jornada Chilena de la Salmoncultura 15 137-138 turtle Journal Article Broaddus, Jane 1994 Blue-toungued skinks: Tiliqua Reptile & Amphibian magazine March/April 32-39 gigas scincoides multifasciata nigrolutea occipitalis gerrardi care captivity breeding Journal Article Broadley, D.G. 1994 A Revision of the African Genus Scaphiophis Peters (Serpentes, Colubridae) Herpetological Journal 4 1 1-10 Journal Article Broadley, Donald G. 1994 A review of Lygosoma Hardwicke & Gray 1827 (Reptilia Scincidae_ on the East African Coast, with the description of a new species Tropical Zoology 7 217-222 Scincidae; Lygosoma mafianum n. sp.; new species; East African Coastal Mosaic Journal Article Broadley, Donald G. 1994 The genus Scelotes Fitzinger (Reptilia: Scincidae) in Mozambique, Swaziland and Natal, South Africa Annals of the Natal Museum 35 237-259 Scelotes; key Journal Article Brock, Joshua;Verrell, Paul 1994 Courtship behavior of the seal salamander, Desmognathus monticola (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae) Journal of Herpetology 28 4 411-415 Journal Article Brock, Joachim 1994 Die Farben und Zeichnungsmuster der Krokodile [Colour and Pattern of the Crocodiles] Sauria 16 3 27-36 Reptilia; Crocodylidae; coloration Journal Article Broderick, D.;Moritz, C.;Miller, J.D.;Guinea, M.;Prince, R.I.T.;Limpus, C.J. 1994 Genetic studies of the hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata: evidence for multiple stocks in Australian waters Pacific Conservation Biology 1 123-31 hawksbill; DNA Book Brodmann-Kron, Peter;Grossenbacher, Kurt 1994 Unsere Amphibien [Our Amphibians] Basel, Switzerland Naturhistorischen Museum Basel 4 67 salamandra atra triturus criststus carnifex alpestris helveticus vulgaris bombina variegata alytes obstetricans pelobates fuscus bufo calamita viridis hyla arborea rana lessonae esculenta ridibunda temporaria arvalis dalmatina latastei biology natural history Journal Article Broggi, Mario F. 1994 Feldherpetologische Beobachtungen und Bemerkungen zu schützenswerten Biotopen auf griechischen Inseln (Amphibia; Reptilia; Griechenland) [Herpetological observations on Greek islands including some remarks on biotopes that deserve conservation (Amphibia; Reptilia; Greece)] Herpetozoa 7 1/2 29-34 new records samothrake emys orbicularis chios hemidactylus turcicus ophisaurus apodus lefkas podarcis taurica elaphe situla karpathos coluber gemonensis kythira natrix conservation aspects Book Section Brongersma, L. D. 1994 Turtle farming and ranching Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 187-193 chelonia mydas Journal Article Bronmark, C.;Edenhamn, P. 1994 Does the Presence of Fish Affect the Distribution of Tree Frogs (Hyla arborea) Conservation Biology 8 3 841-845 Journal Article Brookes, M.;Pomiankowski, A. 1994 Symmetry is in the eye of the beholder Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9 6 201-202 asymmetry, morphology, sexual selection, Journal Article Brooks, D.E.;Ginn, P.E.;Miller, T.R.;Bramson, L.;Jacobson, E.R. 1994 Ocular fibropapillomas of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) Veterinary Pathology 31 3 335-339 fibropapilloma; green turtles; ocular neoplasia; CUTANEOUS FIBROPAPILLOMAS; PAPILLOMAVIRUS; HERPESVIRUS Journal Article Brooks, R. J. 1994 Preservation of the wood turtle: Is it possible even in the world's wealthiest and least populated countries? Scales and Tales 8 4 3 Journal Article Brothers, Donald R. 1994 Bufo boreas (western toad). Predation Herpetological Review 25 3 117 Journal Article Brothers, Donald R. 1994 Elaphe obsoleta (rat snake). Reproduction Herpetological Review 25 3 124 Journal Article Brousset, D.;Lewy, C.;Yarto, E. 1994 Detection of antibodies against paramyxovirus (Opmv) on Mexican captive snakes American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Annual Conference, Proceedings 116 reptilia, squamata, serpentes, viperidae crotalinae, Crotalus, infection, virus, paramyxo in Junge, R.E. Editor October 22-27, 1994 Pittsburgh Journal Article Brouwers, Ton 1994 Vroegtwintigste-eeuwse herpetologie [Early twentieth century herpetology] Het Terrarium 11 12 212-217 Journal Article Brouwers, Ton 1994 Stamboeken: Een reactie [Stud-books: A reaction] Het Terrarium 12 1 5-7 conservation genetic breeding elaphe guttata Journal Article Brouwers, Ton 1994 Vroegtwintigste-eeuwse herpetologie [Early twentieth-century herpetology] Het Terrarium 12 1 9-12 meal worms food Journal Article Brower, Danny 1994 More snakes per square meter than anywhere in the world Sonoran Herpetologist 7 8 66-67 liasis Journal Article Brown, Gregory P.;Bishop, Christine A.;Brooks, Ronald J. 1994 Growth rate, reproductive output, and temperature selection of snapping turtles in habitats of different productivities Journal of Herpetology 28 4 405-410 chelydra serpentina home range POPULATION; RESPONSES Journal Article Brown, Gregory P.;Brooks, Ronald J. 1994 Characteristics of and fidelity to hibernacula in a northern population of snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina Copeia 1994 1 222-226 Journal Article Brown, Gregory P.;Brooks, Ronald J. 1994 Parasites and reproductive output in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina Copeia 1994 1 228-231 Journal Article Brown, Dennis 1994 Hoosier Herp'n Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 1 1 Journal Article Brown, William S.;Jones, Len;Stechert, Randy 1994 A case in herpetological conservation: Notorious poacher convicted of illegal trafficking in timber rattlesnakes Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 4 74-79 collecting trade Journal Article Brown, Malcolm W. 1994 They're back! Komodos avoid extinction Cold Blooded News 21 5 1;5-8 Journal Article Brown, Dennis R.;Harvey, Jarrod 1994 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (six-lined racerunner). USA: Indiana Herpetological Review 25 2 76 Journal Article Brown, William S. 1994 Timber rattlesnake wildlife law alert: Notice of poaching. Illegal collecting in New York and in other northeastern states Notes From NOAH 21 10 1-3 Journal Article Brown, William S.;Jones, Len;Stechert, Randy 1994 Comments on Rudy Komarek's rebuttal Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 9 212-214 crotalus horridus collecting illegal trade conservation Journal Article Brown, D.E.;Meyer, D.J.;Wingfield, W.E.;Walton, R.M. 1994 Echinocytosis associated with rattlesnake envenomation in dogs Veterinary Pathology 31 6 654-657 dogs; echinocyte; erythrocyte; snakebite; MANAGEMENT; SNAKEBITE; HORSES Journal Article Brown, William S. 1994 Conservation biology of timber rattlesnakes NC Herps 17 4 13-14 Crotalus horridus Edited Book Brown, Philip R.;Wright, John W. 1994 Herpetology of the North American Deserts. Proceedings of a Symposium Van Nuys, CA Southwestern Herpetologists Society Special Publication Number 5 311 Journal Article Brown, D. 1994 Transfer of Hamilton's frog, Leiopelma hamiltoni, to a newly created habitat on Stephens Island, New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 425-430 Leiopelma hamiltoni; habitat creation; species transfer; conservation; Stephens Island Journal Article Brown, G. P.;Brooks, R. J.;Siddall, M. E.;Desser, S. S. 1994 Parasites and reproductive output in the snappingturtle, Chelydra serpentina Copeia 1 1 228-231 Reptilia, testudinea, snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, infection, helminth, propagation, reproduction Edited Book Brown, Philip R.;Wright, John W. 1994 Herpetology of the North American Deserts Van Nuys, CA Southwestern Herpetologists Society iv + 311 + 11 plates Deserts Journal Article Brown, M. A.;Cree, A.;Daugherty, C. H.;Dawkins, B. P.;Chambers, G. K. 1994 Plasma concentrations of vitellogenin and sex steroids in female tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus punctatus) from northern New Zealand Gen Comp Endocrinol 95 2 201-12 Vitellogenesis in tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) on Stephens Island, New Zealand, at the southern (coolest) end of the geographical range of this species involves a prolonged period of about 3 years of the average 4-year reproductive cycle. These studies used a semiquantitative electrophoretic assay for vitellogenin (Vg). In the present study an ELISA was used to measure plasma levels of Vg in 138 female northern tuatara (S.p. punctatus) on 11 islands at the warmest end of the tuatara's range. Blood samples were collected in late summer-early autumn, just prior to the expected time of ovulation in those females that would nest the following spring. Plasma Vg levels ranged from nondetectable to 2.9 mg/ml but were not significantly correlated with plasma estradiol, testosterone, or progesterone levels. There was also no significant correlation among the three sex steroids. Plasma Vg and hormone levels were further examined as to whether females were ovulating. Incipient ovulation was inferred using endocrinological criteria derived from studies of tuatara on Stephens Island (i.e., elevated plasma testosterone). Plasma levels of Vg differed significantly between inferred ovulators and nonovulators when data for all islands were combined, although similar ranges were observed in the two groups of females (inferred ovulators: nondetectable to 2382 micrograms/ml, mean = 505 +/- 75; inferred nonovulators: nondetectable to 2864 micrograms/ml, mean = 460 +/- 63). Plasma levels of estradiol, but not progesterone, differed significantly between inferred ovulators and nonovulators when data for all islands were combined. Mean levels in inferred ovulators were: estradiol, 157 +/- 16 pg/ml (vs. 34 +/- 5 pg/ml in inferred nonovulators); progesterone, 1.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 ng/ml in inferred nonovulators); and testosterone, 5.6 +/- 0.5 ng/ml (vs. 0.2 +/- 0 ng/ml in inferred nonovulators). Only 37% of the females sampled met the minimum hormonal criteria indicative of ovulation. This suggests that, as in S. punctatus on Stephens Island, female S.p. punctatus on northern islands do not ovulate each year. Journal Article Brown, R. M.;Taylor., D. H. 1994 Compensatory escape mode trade-offs between swimming performance and maneuvering behavior through larval ontogeny of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Copeia 1995 1-7 Edited Book Brown, David E. 1994 Biotic Communities: Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico Salt Lake City University of Utah Press 342 Journal Article Brown, L.;Macdonald, D.W. 1994 Predation on green turtle Chelonia mydas nests by wild canids at Akyatan beach, Turkey 71 55-60 green/conservation Journal Article Brönmark, C.;Edenhamm., P. 1994 Does the presence of fish affect the distribution of treefrogs (Hyla arborea) Conservation Biology 8 841-845 Journal Article Brönmark, Christer;Edenhamn, Per 1994 Does the presence of fish affect the distribution of tree frogs (Hyla arborea)? Conservation Biology 8 3 841-845 Journal Article Bruce, R.C.;Beachy, C.K.;Lenzo, P.G.;Pronych, S.P.;Wassersug, R.J. 1994 Effects of Lung Reduction on Rheotactic Performance in Amphibian Larvae Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 5 377-380 PLETHODONTID SALAMANDERS; LUNGLESSNESS; ORIGIN Journal Article Bruce, Bill 1994 Los Gatos Canyon field trip Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 7 73 Journal Article Bruce, Richard C.;Beachy, Christopher K.;Lenzo, Paul G.;Pronych, Scott;Wassersug, Richard J. 1994 Effects of lung reduction on rheotactic performance in amphibian larvae Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 377-280 Ambystoma macrodactylum; rheotaxis; buoyancy Journal Article Bruce, R. C.;C. K. Beachy, P. G. Lenzo, S. P. Pronych;Wassersug., R. J. 1994 Effects of lung reduction on rheotactic performance in amphibian larvae Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 377-380 Journal Article Bruning, Joost 1994 Kruising tussen soorten [Hybridization between species] Het Terrarium 12 4 61 elaphe obsoleta spiloides quadrivittata guttata rossalleni pituophis melanoleucus Journal Article Brushlinskaya, N.V.;Tuchkova, S.Y.;Grigoryan, E.N.;Anton, G.J.;Mitashov, V.I. 1994 Specific Influence of Space Flight Factors on Regeneration in Mammals and Tailed Amphibians Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya 4 667-676 Journal Article Bubala, Louis 1994 Woman ticketed after boa bites girl Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 7 7 3 Journal Article Buchanan, Bryant W. 1994 Sexual dimorphism in Hyla squirella: Chromatic and pattern variation between the sexes Copeia 1994 3 797-802 COLOR; CLASSIFICATION; BEHAVIOR Journal Article Buchanin, Dennis 1994 Lehigh Valley Herpetological Society 24 hour field survey - 1994 Herper's Bizarre 5 3 15-16 Journal Article Buckner, Sandra D.;Franz, Richard 1994 Hemidactylus mabouia (tropical house gecko). Bahamas: Great Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 164 Journal Article Buckner, Sandra D.;Franz, Richard 1994 Hemidactylus garnotti (Indo-Pacific gecko). Bahamas: Great Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 164 Journal Article Buckner, Sandra D.;Franz, Richard 1994 Elaphe guttata (corn snake). Bahamas: Little Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 166 Journal Article Buckner, Sandra D.;Franz, Richard 1994 Elaphe obsoleta (rat snake). Bahamas: Little Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 166 Journal Article Buenviaje, G.N.;Ladds, P.W.;Melville, L.;Manolis, S.C. 1994 Disease-Husbandry Associations in Farmed Crocodiles in Queensland and the Northern-Territory Australian Veterinary Journal 71 6 165-173 CROCODYLUS-POROSUS; N-SP; AUSTRALIA; JOHNSTONI; DIGENEA Journal Article Buenviaje, G. N.;Ladds, P. W.;Melville, L.;Manolis, S. C. 1994 Disease-husbandry associations in farmed crocodiles in Queensland and the Northern Territory Aust Vet J 71 6 165-73 *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Animal Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality/pathology; *Animal Husbandry; Animals, Domestic; Bacteremia/epidemiology/mortality/pathology/veterinary; Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/mortality/pathology/veterinary; Climate; Comparative Study; Female; Gout/epidemiology/mortality/pathology/veterinary; Hepatitis, Animal/epidemiology/mortality/pathology; Housing, Animal; Male; Mycoses/epidemiology/mortality/pathology/veterinary; Northern Territory/epidemiology; Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/pathology/veterinary; Prevalence; Queensland/epidemiology; Retrospective Studies; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't To investigate husbandry-disease associations in farmed crocodiles 7 farms in Queensland and the Northern Territory were visited and details of past and present farm design and husbandry practices were recorded. In addition pathological examination of 300 (mostly young) crocodiles was carried out (85 necropsied, one biopsied and 214 examined retrospectively). Mortality rate and occurrence of disease, especially opportunistic infections with bacteria and fungi, were highest during winter months and in farms located at greater latitudes. A difference in the presence and prevalence of disease between the initial establishment phase of Northern Territory crocodile farms (1984-87) and currently (1988-91) was apparent; parasitic infections are now relatively infrequent and bacterial septicaemias and mycoses less common as a result of some provision of artificial heating for juveniles. Gross and microscopic changes observed in visceral and periarticular gout, bacterial hepatitis/septicaemia, deep and superficial mycosis, pentastomiasis and other parasitic infections are described. Journal Article Buettell, Fred 1994 Wax worm culture - An easy alternative food Notes From NOAH 21 5 14 Journal Article Buettell, Fred 1994 Wax worm culture-An easy alternative food Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 6 9 Journal Article Buhlmann, Kurt A. 1994 Legislation & conservation alert Herpetological Review 25 2 43 terrapene phrynosoma mcallii thamnophis gigas nerodia erythrogaster neglecta rana sylvatica bufo boreas crotalus viridis concolor sistrurus catenatus chelydra serpentina colorado catesbeiana ambystoma tirgirnum plethodon punctatus Journal Article Bulian, Joachim 1994 Boiga cyanea (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) - Freilandbeobachtungen, Haltung und Zucht [Boiga cyanea (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) - Observations in nature, hubandry, and breeding] Sauria 16 4 3-9 Boiga cyanea; Reptilia; Serpentes; Colubridae; Locality record; Asia; Ban Na San; Suratthani; Thailand; Natural habitat; Activity; Behavior; Diet; Husbandry; Reproduction; Distribution Journal Article Bull, C. M.;Doherty, M.;Schulze, L. R.;Pamula, Y. 1994 Recognition of offspring by females of the Australian skink, Tiliqua rugosa Journal of Herpetology 28 1 117-102 LIZARD; EUMECES Journal Article Bull, C.M.;Burzacott, D. 1994 Reproductive Interactions Between 2 Australian Reptile Tick Species Experimental & Applied Acarology 18 9 555-565 Journal Article Bulova, Susan J. 1994 Patterns of burrow use by desert tortoises: Gender differences and seasonal trends Herpetological Monographs 8 133-143 gopherus agassizii consrvationreproductive behavior Journal Article Bulova, Susan J. 1994 Ecological correlates of population and individual variation in antipredator behavior of two species of desert lizards Copeia 1994 4 980-992 callisaurus draconoides cophosaurus texanus approach distance Journal Article Buncher, Lee 1994 An application for a dangerous wild animals licence in England Herptile 19 4 154-155 Journal Article Burbrink, Frank T. 1994 Rana catesbeiana (bullfrog). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 25 1 32 Journal Article Burbrink, Frank T.;Wilson, Allan K. 1994 Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata (northern redbelly snake). USA: Illinois Herpetological Review 25 1 35 Journal Article Burger, M.;Branch, W.R. 1994 Tortoise Mortality Caused by Electrified Fences in the Thomas Baines Nature Reserve South African Journal of Wildlife Research - Suid - Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Natuurnavorsing 24 1-2 32-37 Electrified Fences; Geochelone-Pardalis; Leopard Tortoise; Mortality; GEOCHELONE-PARDALIS; CAPE Journal Article Burgess, Tom 1994 The Reptilian goes to Orlando, Florida Reptilian 2 10 37-38 Journal Article Burggren, W.W.;Infantino, R.L. 1994 The respiratory transition from water to air breathing during amphibian metamorphosis American Zoologist 34 2 238-246 AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM LARVAE; RANA-CATESBEIANA; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; OXYGEN CONCENTRATION; AQUATIC HYPOXIA; ANURAN LARVAE; GAS-EXCHANGE; BERLANDIERI; RESPONSES; LUNG Journal Article Burggren, Warren W.;Robert L. Infantino, Jr. 1994 The respiratory transition from water to air breathing during amphibian metamorphosis American Zoology 34 238-246 respiratory transition, amphibian, metamorphosis Journal Article Burgin, Shelley 1994 Australia: Australian theses on crocodilians Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 7-8 Journal Article Burke, V.J.;Gibbons, J.W.;Greene, J.L. 1994 Prolonged Nesting Forays by Common Mud Turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum) American Midland Naturalist 131 1 190-195 EMYDOIDEA-BLANDINGI; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY Journal Article Burke, V.J.;Morreale, S.J.;Standora, E.A. 1994 Diet of the Kemps Ridley Sea Turtle, Lepidochelys kempii, in New-York Waters Fishery Bulletin 92 1 26-32 ECOLOGY Journal Article Burke, Russell L. 1994 Apalone spinifera (spiny softshell). Extreme kyphosis Herpetological Review 25 1 23 Journal Article Burke, Russell L.;Jacobson, Elliott R.;Griffith, Michele J.;Guillette, Louis J. 1994 Non-invasive sex identification of juvenile gopher and desert tortoises (genus Gopherus) Amphibia-Reptilia 15 2 183-189 polyphemus agassizii sex determination morphology morphometrics Journal Article Burke, Vincent J. 1994 Human nature and peer review: an argument for anonymity Herpetological Review 25 4 157-158 Journal Article Burke, Russell L. 1994 Diurnal aggregation of banded geckos under field conditions Southwestern Naturalist 39 3 297-298 Coleonyx variegatus Book Section Burke, Vincent J.;Frazer, Nat B.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1994 Conservation of turtles: the chelonian dilemma Schroeder, B. A. and Witherington, B. E. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation Jekyll Island, Georgia NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-341 35-38 Southeast Asia; Turtles Journal Article Burke, Vincent J. 1994 Human nature and peer review: An argument for anonymity Herpetological Review 25 157-158 Journal Article Burke, V. J.;Gibbons, J. W.;Greene, J. L. 1994 Prolonged nesting forays by common mud turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum) American Midland Naturalist 131 190-195 mud turtles, Kinisternon subrubrum, Ellenton bay, nest Journal Article Burke, Vincent J.;Morreale, Stephen J.;Standora, Edward A. 1994 Diet of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii, in New York waters Fishery Bulletin 92 26-32 Journal Article Burke, R. L.;Jacobson, E.R.;Griffith, M. J;Guillette, L.J. Jr. 1994 Non-invasive sex identification of juvenile gopher and desert tortoises (genus Gopherus) Amphibia-Reptilia 15 183-189 conservation Journal Article Burkett, Ray D.;Huggins, James A. 1994 Nerodia rhombifer (diamondback water snake). Albinism Herpetological Review 25 2 71 Journal Article Burnette, Curt 1994 Alligators-rare, white, and blue eyed! Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 9 6 Book Section Burney, C.M. 1994 Sea turtle nesting and its management in Broward County Prog. Florida Coastal Ocean Sciences Symposium Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci., Univ. Miami, Miami, FL 29 Journal Article Bursey, C. R.;Goldberg, S. R 1994 Physalopteroides bahamensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) from the Cuban Treefrog Osteopilus septentrionalis (Hylidae) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 113 2 169-176 Amphibia, anura, hylidae, Cuban Treefrog Osteopilus septentrionalis , Infection, helminth, nematoda, spiruroidea Physalopteroides bahamensis n. sp. Physalopteroides bahamensis n. sp. has a smooth left lip, a number of teeth on the right lip, symmetrical caudal alae, unequal spiculkes and the arrangement of caudal papillae. Reprint Endnote 94/114 Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R. 1994 Persistence of the component parasite community of Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii, 1967-1991 J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 6 1 141-145 Reptilia, sauria, Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii, infection, nematode Reprint Endnote 94/80 Journal Article Burton, R.F. 1994 The dependence of normal plasma pH on sodium concentration in amphibians, reptiles and man Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 108 1 1-5 acid-base; amphibians; reptiles; sodium; plasma pH; ACID-BASE-BALANCE; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA-BELLII; BODY-TEMPERATURE; BLOOD-GASES; TURTLE; VENTILATION Book Section Bury, R. Bruce;Germano, David J. 1994 Biology of North American tortoises: introduction Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 1-5 gopherus agassizii polyphemus flavomarginatus berlandieri Book Section Bury, R. Bruce;Esque, Todd C.;DeFalco, Lesley A.;Medica, Philip A. 1994 Distribution, habitat use, and protection of the desert tortoise in the eastern Mojave Desert Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 57-72 gopherus agassizii distributional patterns isolated populations management seasonal behavior Edited Book Bury, R. Bruce;Germano, David J. 1994 Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey 13 204 gopherus agassizii polyphemus flavomarginatus berlandieri Journal Article Busack, Stephen D. 1994 Melanochelys tricarinata (Tricarinate hill turtle). India: Uttar Pradesh Herpetological Review 25 1 32 Journal Article Bush, Sarah 1994 Good news for the Majorcan midwife toad Froglog 10 3 reintroduction conservation Journal Article Bush, Brain 1994 Problems associated with successful double clutching in captive gwardars, Pseudonaja nuchalis (Serpentes, Elapidae) Herpetofauna 24 1 2-5 captive reproduction Journal Article Bush, Brian 1994 Natural history of the western tiger snake: Captive reproductive potential and longevity Herpetofauna 24 2 19-21 notechis scutatus Journal Article Buttenhoff, Paul 1994 Herpetofauna of the Los Tuxtlas highlands, Veracruz, Mexico Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 6 15-17 Journal Article Butterfield, Brian P.;Meshaka, Walter E., Jr.;Kilhefner, Roger L. 1994 Two anoles new to Broward County, Florida Herpetological Review 25 2 77-78 anolis chlorocyanus ctenonotus cybotes Journal Article Buttle, David 1994 An addition to the article 'notes on the herpetofauna of some of the Cyclades Islands, Greece' British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 47 11 ablepharus kitaibelii distribution Kimilos Journal Article Buttle, David 1994 A herpetological trip to southern Thailand Herptile 19 4 159-165 Journal Article Byrd, Dan;Byrd, Sylvia 1994 A trip to Mona Island Iguana Times 3 4 13-15 Journal Article Cabela, Antonia;Girolla, Lothar 1994 Die Erstbesiedlung des Marchfeldkanals durch Amphibien (Amphibia; Wien, Niederösterreich) [The colonization of the Marchfeldkanal by amphibians (Amphibia; Vienna, Lower Austria)] Herpetozoa 7 3/4 109-138 bombina bufo viridis hyla arborea pelobates fuscus triturus vulgaris rana esculenta ridibunda ecology migration colonization anthropogenous water bodies phenology abundance distribution vienna Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1994 The colubrid radiation in Africa (Serpentes: Colubridae): phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns based on immunological data Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 110 103-140 systematics biogeography molecular albumin afronatrix amblyodipsas amplorhinus aparallactus atractaspis dasypeltis dipsina dispholidus duberria gonionotophis grayia lamprophis leioheterodon lycodon lycodonomorphis lycophidion macrelaps malpolon mehelya natriciteres philothamnus prosymna psammophis psammophylax pseudaspis Rhamphiophis telescopus thelornis thrasops Africa; Snakes; Systematics; Biogeography; Phylogeny; Molecular Systematics; Albumin; NEOTROPICAL XENODONTINE SNAKES; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; AMERICAN XENODONTINES; FOSSILS; MAMMALS Book Section Cadwallader, K.R.;Baek, H.H.;Chung, H.Y.;Moody, M.W. 1994 Contribution of lipid-derived components to the flavor of alligator meat Ho, C.T. and Hartman, T.G. Lipids in Food Flavors 1155 Sixteenth St NW, Washington, DC 20036 Amer Chemical Soc 558 186-195 EXTRACT DILUTION ANALYSIS; POTENT ODORANTS; AROMA; IDENTIFICATION; DEGRADATIONS; VOLATILES Journal Article Calderone, Bowie 1994 Article Review: Dining with the snakes Notes From NOAH 22 1 24-25 Journal Article Calderón, Sylvia;Powell, Robert;Parmerlee, John S.;Lathrop, Amy;Smith, Donald D. 1994 Hemidactylus haitianus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from the Dominican Republic: Revisited after two years Dactylus 2 3 113-116 Journal Article Caldwell, Janalee P. 1994 Natural history and survival of eggs and early stages of Agalychnis calcarifer (Anura: Hylidae) Herpetological Natural History 2 2 57-66 Agalychnis calcarifer; Leaf-breeding frogs; predator-prey interactions; Giant damselflies; Pseudostigmatidae; Libellulidae Journal Article Caldwell, J. P. 1994 Natural history and survival of eggs and early larval stages of Agalychnis calcarifer (Anura: Hylidae) Herpetological Natural History 2 57-66 Agalychnis calcarifer, leaf-breeding frogs, predator-prey interactions, giant damselflies, pseudostigmatidae, libellulidae Journal Article Caldwell, Michael W. 1994 Developmental constraints and limb evolution in permian and extant lepidosauromorph diapsids Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14 4 459-471 Journal Article Calhoun, Grady 1994 The tokay gecko, gekko gecko Cold Blooded News 21 4 8 Journal Article Calle, P.P.;Rivas, J.;Munoz, M.;Thorbjarnarson, J.;Dierenfeld, E.S.;Holmstrom, W.;Braselton, W.E.;Karesh, W.B. 1994 Health Assessment of Free-Ranging Anacondas (Eunectes murinus) in Venezuela Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 1 53-62 Boidae; Hematology; Serum Biochemistry; Anaconda; Eunectes Murinus; Health Assessment; NATRIX-NATRIX L; REPTILES; BIRDS; BLOOD Journal Article Cameron, Scott;Hansen, Robert W. 1994 Salvadora hexalepis (western patchnose snake). USA: California Herpetological Review 25 1 34-35 Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A. 1994 A new species of elongate Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) from Chiapas, Mexico Herpetologica 50 1 1-7 scopaeabronia ramirezi Reptila; Squamata; Anguidae; Scopaeabronia; Abronia-Ramirezi New Species; Chiapas; Mexico Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A.;R., José L. Camarillo 1994 A new lizard of the genus Diploglossus (Anguidae: Diploglossinae) from Mexico, with a review of the Mexican and northern Central American species Herpetologica 50 2 193-209 new species sp. nov. reptilia squamata legnotus Puebla celestus enneagrammus rozellae atitlanensis montanus bivittatus key systematics taxonomy morphology Reptilia; Squamata; Anguidae; Diploglossinae; Diploglossus-Legnotus; Puebla; Mexico; New Species Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A. 1994 A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) of the biporcatus group from eastern Guatemala Herpetologica 50 3 296-302 departamento de izabal aphanus sp. nov. bufoniformis alfredi bocourti stuarti xucanebi greggi daryi gollmeri chac laticeps lineatus rhodopis rostralis Amphibia; Anura; Leptodactylidae; Eleutherodactylus-Aphanus; Departamento-de-Izabal; Guatemala Journal Article Campbell, Bob 1994 A new herp for Hawai? HerpTales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1994 October 2-3 eleutherodactylus coqui Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A.;Frost, Darrel R. 1994 Conservation Biology Herpetological Review 25 3 100-102 Journal Article Campbell, Johnathan A. 1994 New species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) of the milesi group from Guatemala Herpetologica 50 4 398-411 trachydermus adamastus stadelmani honduras Journal Article Campbell, Jonathan A.;Savage, Jay M.;Meyer, John 1994 A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) of the rugulosus group from Guatamala and Belize Herpetologica 50 4 412-419 psephosypharus Journal Article Campbell, Barry 1994 A family tree for endangered Caribbean boas Scales and Tales 8 1 1-2 epicrates gracilis fordii striatus Journal Article Camper, Jeffrey D. 1994 Scaphiopus holbrookii hurterii (Hurter's spadefoot). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 25 1 32 Journal Article Camper, Jeffrey D.;Dixon, James R. 1994 Geographic variation and systematics of the striped whipsnakes (Masticophis taeniatus complex; Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) Annals of Carnegie Museum 63 1 1-48 Journal Article Camper, Jeffrey D.;Ruedas, Luis A.;Bickham, John W.;Dixon, James R. 1994 The relationship of genome size with developmental rates and reproductive strategies in five families of neotropical bufonid frogs Genetics (Life Science Advances) 12 79-87 Journal Article Cann, John;Legler, John M. 1994 The Mary River tortoise: A new genus and species of short-necked chelid from Queesnland, Australia (Testudines: Pleurodira) Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 2 81-96 elusor macrurus systematics taxonomy morphology caudal vertebrae osteology coloration geographic distribution natural history chelodina expansa longicollis elseya dentata latisternum rheodytes emydura kreffti pseudemydura Journal Article Cann, John 1994 Historical herpetologists. Rocky Vane (1891-1946) Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 1 16-19 Journal Article Cannon, M.S.;Freed, P.S.;Freed, D.A. 1994 A Bright-Field and Phase-Contrast Study of the Leukocytes in Hemidactylus turcicus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) Zoologischer Anzeiger 232 1-2 51-60 Leukocytes; Morphology; Phase-Contrast Microscopy; Hemidactylus-Turcicus Journal Article CannonI, M. S.;Freed, P. S.;Freed, D. A. 1994 A bright-field and phase-contrast study of the leukocytes in Hemidactylus turcicus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) Zool Anz 232 1-2 51-60 Reptilia, sauria, Gekkonidae, Hemidactylus turcicus, histology, blood, leukocytes The morphology of the peripheral blood leukocytes of Hemidactylus turcicus is examined and carefully described in Wright-Giemsa stained blood films, and in the living condition by phase-contrast microscopy, employing supravitally-stained preparations. Mature eosinophils, basophils, and small lymphocytes occur in the blood. In addition, developmental stages in eosinophil differentiation and basophilic myelocytes and metamyelocytes are sometimes seen. Medium lymphocytes are occasionally observed. Neutrophils are not seen; very rarely are monocytes observed. This study provides a basis for the cytochemical study of these cells which has its foundation in morphology. Journal Article Cano-Martinez, A.;Vargas-Gonzalez, A.;Asai., M. 1994 Metamorphic stages in Ambystoma mexicanum Axolotl Newsletter 23 64-71 Journal Article Canterbury, Ronald A.;Pauley, Thomas K. 1994 Time of mating and egg deposition of West Virginia populations of the salamander Anedies aeneus Journal of Herpetology 28 4 431-434 Journal Article Capriglione, T.;Olmo, E.;Odierna, G.;Kupriyanova, L. A. 1994 Mechanisms of differentiation in the sex chromosomes of some Lacertidae Amphibia-Reptilia 15 1 1-8 podarcis sicula lacerta vivipara graeca viridis wagleriana Journal Article Capula, M.;Luiselli, L. 1994 Resource Partitioning in a Mediterranean Lizard Community Bollettino di Zoologia 61 2 173-177 Algyroides-Fitzingeri; Podarcis-Tiliguerta; Chalcides-Ocellatus; Sauria; Reptilia; Body Size; Food Niche; Habitat Partitioning; Sardinia Journal Article Capula, Massimo;Luiselli, Luca 1994 Trophic niche overlap in sympatric Tarentola mauritanica and Hemidactylus turcicus: A preliminary study Herpetological Journal 4 24-25 Journal Article Capula, Massimo;Rugiero, Lorenzo;Luiselli, Luca 1994 Ecological observations on the Sardinian grass snake, Natrix natrix cetti Amphibia-Reptilia 15 2 221-224 activity Journal Article Capula, M. 1994 Genetic Variation and Differentiation in the Lizard, Podarcis wagleriana (Reptilia, Lacertidae) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 52 2 177-196 Podarcis-Raffonei; Podarcis-Sicula; Podarcis-Wagleriana; Allozyme Electrophoresis; Population Heterogeneity; Gene Flow; Genetic Divergence; Biogeography; ELECTROPHORETIC DATA; BIOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; HETEROZYGOSITY; SYSTEMATICS; HYPOTHESIS Journal Article Capula, Massimo;Luiselli, Luca 1994 Reproductive strategies in alpine adders, Vipera berus. The black females bear more often Acta ‘cologica - International Journal of Ecology 15 2 207-214 polymorphism melanic morph cryptic frequency Vipera-Berus; Serpents; Polymorphism; Melanistic Morph; Cryptic Morph; Female Reproductive Frequency; COLOR MORPHS; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; MALE SNAKES; SUCCESS; POLYMORPHISM; HYPOTHESIS; ECOLOGY; SIZE Journal Article Capula, Massimo;Luiselli, Luca;Rugiero, Lorenzo;Filippi, Ernesto 1994 A field experiment on the selection of basking sites by Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Testudines: Emydidae) [Ein Feldexperiment zur Sonnplatzwahl von Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Testudines: Emydidae)] Herpetozoa 7 3/4 91-94 ethology behavior thermoregulation basking site selection italy Journal Article Caputo, V.;Odierna, G.;Aprea, G. 1994 A Chromosomal Study of Eumeces and Scincus, Primitive Members of the Scincidae (Reptilia, Squamata) Bollettino di Zoologia 61 2 155-162 Karyology; Nor Localization; Sex Chromosomes; Reptilia; Eumeces; Scincus; Taxonomy Journal Article Caputo, V.;Odierna, G.;Area, G. 1994 A Chromosomal Study of Eumeces and Scincus Primitive Members of the Scincidae (Reptilia, Squamata) (Vol 61, Pg 155, 1994) Bollettino di Zoologia 61 4 440 Journal Article Card, Winston 1994 Notes on the natural history and husbandry of the temple viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri) Vivarium 5 5 22-25 Journal Article Card, Winston;Mehaffey, Doug 1994 A radiographic sexing technique for Heloderma suspectum Herpetological Review 25 1 17-19 Journal Article Card, Winston 1994 A reproductive history of monitors at the Dallas Zoo Vivarium 6 1 26-29;44;46-7 varanus heloderma Journal Article Card, Winston C. 1994 Draco volans (flying dragon). Reproduction Herpetological Review 25 2 65 Journal Article Card, Winston 1994 Double clutching Gould's monitors (Varanus gouldii) and Gray's monitors (Varanus olivaceus) at the Dallas Zoo Herpetological Review 25 3 111;114 Journal Article Card, Winston 1994 Natural history and husbandry of the shingleback skink (Trachydosaurus rugosus) and the blotched blue-tounged skink (Tiliqua nigrolutea) Vivarium 6 3 26-29 Journal Article Card, Winston 1994 Just my opinion: A commentary on zoos and the private sector Iguana Times 3 4 17-19 Journal Article Cardamone, Kim;Cardamone, Annette 1994 Hibernation & North American Box Turtles Reptiles 2 1 29-32 terrapene carolina Journal Article Cardwell, Michael 1994 Sceloporus magister (Desert spiny lizard). Cannibalism Herpetological Review 25 3 121-122 Journal Article Carlson, D.L.;Sauerbier, W.;Rollinssmith, L.A.;Mckinnell, R.G. 1994 Fate of herpesvirus DNA in embryos and tadpoles cloned from Lucke renal carcinoma nuclei Journal of Comparative Pathology 111 2 197-204 DIFFERENTIATION; THERAPY Journal Article Carlson, D. L.;Sauerbier, W.;Rollinssmith, L. A.;Mckinnell, R. G. 1994 The presence of DNA sequences of the Lucke herpesvirus in normal and neoplastic kidney tissue of Rana pipiens J Comp Pathol 110 4 349-355 Aphibia, anurae, Rana pipiens, infection, virus, Lucke herpesvirus, DNA sequences Journal Article Carmel, Brendan 1994 Herp health [UV lights] Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 1 28-29 ultrviolet light UVB Journal Article Carmel, Brendan 1994 Herp Health Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 75-76 Journal Article Caro, T. M.;Laurenson, M. Karen 1994 Ecological and genetic factors in conservation: A cautionary tale Science 263 485-486 inbreeding genetics Journal Article Carretero, Miguel A. 1994 Ecología de los lacértidos en arenales costeros del noreste ibérico [Ecology of the lacertids in costal sandy areas in northeastern Iberia] Revista Española de Herpetología 8 141-142 Psammodromus hispanicus; Podarcis hispanica; Psammodromus algirus; Acanthodactylus erythrurus Journal Article Carroll, David M. 1994 Book Review: The year of the Turtle (A Natural History) Sonoran Herpetologist 7 4 28 Journal Article Carroll, D.;Lehman, C.W.;Jeongyu, S.J.;Dohrmann, P.;Dawson, R.J.;Trautman, J.K. 1994 Distribution of exchanges upon homologous recombination of exogenous DNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes Genetics 138 2 445-457 MISMATCH REPAIR; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LINEAR DNA; EXTRACTS; EGGS; REQUIREMENTS; SEQUENCES; FRAGMENTS; INVIVO Journal Article Carroll, Dana;Lehman, Chris W.;Jeong-Yu, Sunjoo;Dohrmann, Paul;Dawson, Renée J.;Trautman, Jonathan K. 1994 Distribution of exchanges upon homologous recombination of exogenous DNA in Xenopus laevis oocytes Genetics 138 445-457 Journal Article Carter, Roger 1994 Great escapes, Part I Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 7 9 2 Journal Article Carter, Roger 1994 Captive propagation of the ball python Captive Breeding 2 3 4-6 Python regius Journal Article Carter, S.;Fox, H. 1994 Rohon-Beard cells and associated neural components in some larval amphibians and fishes: Arrangement, measurements and comparisons European Archives of Biology 105 3-4 81-94 Ichthyophis; Neoceratodus; Salmo; Lampetra; Xenopus Laevis; Bufo Bufo; Rana Temporaria; Alytes; Anura; Urodele; Spinal Neuron; Nerve Cord; Ontogeny; Metamorphosis Qualitative and quantitative information on the Rohon-Beard cells (RBCs) and associated nerve components is given, on (a) a number of species of amphibians, including anurans, urodeles and for the first time an apodan Ichthyophis; (b) a dipnoan Neoceratodus; (c) a teleost Salmo; and (d) a cyclostome Lampetra. The sensory RBCs, that innervate the skin, originate early in ontogeny and ultimately disappear during metamorphosis in amphibians and older larvae of Salmo. They are retained in adult Lampetra. Their fate is not clear in Ichthyophis and Neoceratodus; probably they disappear by the end of larval life like amphibians. RBCs, located dorso-medially in the nerve cord, of similar number on each side, may be paired or alternate along the body. The largest occurred in Ichthyophis, the smallest in Xenopus, the most in Lampetra, the fewest in Alytes. RBCs of urodeles were significantly larger than those of anurans; those of Neoceratodus were like RBCs of urodeles. In most cases the RBCs were significantly larger than adjacent spinal neurones, except in larvae of Bufo bufo and older larvae of Rana temporaria, where they do not differ significantly in size, and in Xenopus laevis, whose spinal neurones along the nerve cord were significantly larger than the RBCs. Spinal ganglia of these species likewise were compared and contrasted. They assume the function of the RBCs when these cells have degenerated. Journal Article Cartland, L.K.;Grimmond, N.M. 1994 The effect of temperature on the metabolism of juvenile tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 373-378 body weight; juvenile; metabolism; Sphenodon; temperature; tuatara Journal Article Cartland, L.K.;Cree, A.;Sutherland, W.H.F.;Grimmond, N.M.;Skeaff, C.M. 1994 Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in wild and captive juvenile tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 399-406 captive; cholesterol; husbandry; juvenile; Sphenodon punctatus; triacylglycerol; tuatara; wild Journal Article Carvalho-Silva, Sergio Potsch de;Fernandes, Ronaldo 1994 Chironius bicarinatus (NCN). Foraging behavior Herpetological Review 25 1 28 Journal Article Carwile, Shane 1994 Leopard geckos Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 4 4 1 eublepharis macularius Book Section Casares, M.;Rubel, A.;Dobeli, M.;Honegger, R.E.;Isenbugel, E. 1994 Non-Invasive assessment of reproductive patterns in tortoises Ippen, R./Hofmann, R.R. 36. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zootiere Berlin, Germany 36 81-87 Reptilia, testudines, propagation, reproduction DGB-WS Erkrankungen der Zootiere 36 Journal Article Casares, M.;Rübel, A.;Dobeli, M.;Honegger, R. E.;Isenbügel, E. 1994 Non-Invasive assessment of reproductive patterns in tortoises [Nicht-invasive Darstellung des Fortpflanzungsgeschehens bei Schildkröten] Verh.ber.Erkrg.Zootiere 36 81-88 Reptilia, testudines, Giant tortoise, Geochelone, propagation, reproduction, ovary Journal Article Cascon, P.;Lima Verde, J. S. 1994 A new species of Chthonerpeton from northeast Brazil Revista Brasileira de Biologia 54 4 549-553 CHTHONERPETON ARII new species; DESCRIPTION; MORPHOLOGY; TAXONOMY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Chthonerpeton arii n.sp. is described as a new species based on 60 specimens collected at Limoeiro do Norte, Ceara, Brazil (05'09'LS, 38'06'LW) during 1985 and 1987. C. arii is characterized by the number of primary annuli (100-116) and vertebrae (112-125), and by presenting a venter lighter than dorsum, tentacular apertures closer to the lips and narins than to the eyes, and not visible dorsally, the posterior end of the body rounded in a lateral view, and whitish anal "denticulations". Journal Article Case, Russ 1994 Yombo goes to work Reptiles 1 3 76 Book Section Case, T. 1994 Population and community ecology Vitt, L. J. and Pianka, E. R. Lizard Ecology: Historical and Experimental Perspectives Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press 261-265 reptiles, lizards, population and community ecology, introduction Journal Article Castell, L. L. and R. Mann. 1994 Optimal staining of lipids in bivalve larvae with Nile Red Aquaculture 119 89-100 Journal Article Castellano, S.;Malhotra, A.;Thorpe, R.S. 1994 Within-Island Geographic Variation of the Dangerous Taiwanese Snake, Trimeresurus stejnegeri, in Relation to Ecology Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 52 4 365-375 Geographic Variation; Morphology; Ecogenesis; Partial Mantel Test; Canonical Correlation; Taiwan; Venomous Snake; LIZARD GALLOTIA-GALLOTI; MICROGEOGRAPHIC VARIATION; CHALCIDES-SEXLINEATUS; CAUSAL HYPOTHESES; COLOR PATTERN; SCALATION; TENERIFE; SIZE; POPULATIONS; CLINES Journal Article Castilla, Aurora M.;Gallén, Miguel;Tena, Valentín L.;Verheyen, Rudolf 1994 Nueva técnica de captura de lacértidos para trabajos científicos Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 32-33 Capture method; Lizards; Lacertilidae Journal Article Castillo, Norberto 1994 Newtopia New York Herpetological Society Newsletter 1994 151 9 Journal Article Castro-Franco, Rubén;Zagal, María Guasalupe Bustos 1994 List of reptiles of Morelos, Mexico, and their distribution in relation to vegetation types Southwestern Naturalist 39 2 171-175 Journal Article Castroviejo, J.;Juste, J.;Delval, J.P.;Castelo, R.;Gil, R. 1994 Diversity and Status of Sea Turtle Species in the Gulf of Guinea Islands Biodiversity and Conservation 3 9 828-836 Gulf of Guinea; Sea Turtles; Conservation; Exploitation Journal Article Castroviejo, J.;Juste, J. B.;del Val, J.P.;Castelo, U.;Gil, R. 1994 Diversity and status of sea turtle species in the Gulf of Guinea islands Biodiversity and Conservation 3 828-836 green; hawksbill; leatherback; ridley; utilization Journal Article Caughley, G. 1994 Directions in conservation biology Journal of Animal Ecology 63 215-244 conservation Journal Article Cavanaugh, Charles J. 1994 Crotalus horridus (timber rattlesnake). Longevity Herpetological Review 25 2 70 Journal Article Cedhagen, Tomas 1994 Anlagda vattenreningskärr kan bli viktiga miljöer för groddjurens överlevnad [Creation of water purification wetlands may be important for the survival of amphibians] Snoken 24 4 3-14 Journal Article Censky, Ellen 1994 Publications Herpetologists' League Communications 1 1 2-3 Journal Article CFI News 1994 Growth of CFI Hatchlings Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 13-14 Journal Article Champion, John 1994 The captive breeding and rearing of Cunningham's skink, Ergenia cunninghami, from Australia Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 1 13-16 Journal Article Champion, John 1994 "A costly mistake" - The purchasing of a pair of Elaphe moellendorffi, the hundred flower snake Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 1 20-21 Journal Article Champion, Brian 1994 Round worms (Ophidascaris robertsii) in pythons their treatment and some potential problems Herpetofauna 24 2 22-23 morelia spilota Journal Article Champion, Brian 1994 A record of successful incubation of bandy bandy (Vermicella annulata ) eggs Herpetofauna 24 2 45 Journal Article Champion, B 1994 Round worms (Ophidascaris robertsii) in pythons, their treatment and some potential problems. Herpetofauna 24 2 reptilia squamata serpentes boidae pythoninae, Aspidites, parasitology, ascaridae Generic Champion, B. 1994 Round worms (Ophidascaris robertsii) in pythons, their treatment and some potential problems. 24 2 Journal Article Chan, T. Y. K.;Critchley, J. A. J. H. 1994 An epidemiological study of the snake bites in the New Territories East, Hong Kong Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 88 2 219-221 snake bite trimeresurus albolabris daboia russelii naja Journal Article Chanda, S. K. 1994 Anuran (Amphibia) fauna of Northeast India Memoirs of the Zoological Survey of India 18 2 1-143 India Journal Article Chang, Joann C. W. 1994 Multiple spawning in a female Rana rugosa Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 3 112-115 reproductive biology Journal Article Channing, A.;Hendricks, D.;Dawood, A. 1994 Description of a New Moss Frog from the South-Western Cape (Anura, Ranidae, Arthroleptella) South African Journal of Zoology - Suid - Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Dierkunde 29 4 240-243 Journal Article Channing, A.;du Preez, L.;Passmore, N. 1994 Status, vocalization and breeding biology of two species of African bullfrogs (Ranidae: Pyxicephalus) Journal of Zoology, London 234 141-148 Pyxicephalus adspersus; Pyxicephalus edulis; Breeding biology; Advertisement call; parental care Journal Article Channing, A.;du Preez, L.;Passmore, N. 1994 Status, vocalization and breeding biology of two species of African bullfrogs (Ranidae): Pyxicephalus) Journal of Zoology, London 234 141-148 Book Section Chavanikul, V.;Wattandorn, S.;Youngprapakorn, P. 1994 Karyotypes of 5 species of crocodiles Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0238-0. xii + 309 pp. 58-62 Book Section Cheang, C.P.;Ratanakorn, P. 1994 Conservation, management and farming of crocodiles in Cambodia Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Journal Article Chen, L.N.;Liu, C.S.;Chang, C.C. 1994 Isolation and Characterization of a Toxic Phospholipase-A(2) from the Venom of the Taiwan Habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus) Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 19 Part 1 61-73 SNAKE-VENOM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PURIFICATION Journal Article Chen, Shaojun 1994 Eremias argus - its constriction of species group and regeneration of tail severed by self-amputation Sichuan Journal of Zoology 13 4 173-174 Journal Article Cherepanov, G.O. 1994 The Construction of Carapaces in the Family Testudinidae in the Connection with the Peculiarities of Its Morphogenesis Zoologichesky Zhurnal 73 1 112-121 Journal Article Cherepanov, G.O. 1994 Anomalies of Bony Carapace in Turtles Zoologichesky Zhurnal 73 6 68-78 SHELL Journal Article Chernyshova, E.V.;Starostin, V.I. 1994 Peripheral Blood of the Rana Frogs as a Test-System for Assessment of Environmental Pollution Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya 4 656-660 Journal Article Cherry, M.I.;Grant, W.S. 1994 Phylogenetic Relationships and Call Structure in 4 African Bufonid Species South African Journal of Zoology - Suid - Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Dierkunde 29 1 1-10 BIOCHEMICAL EVOLUTION; SEXUAL SELECTION; GENETIC DISTANCE; SYSTEMATICS; TOADS; HETEROZYGOSITY; HYBRIDIZATION; MORPHOLOGY Book Section Chester, A.J.;Braun, J.;Cross, F.A.;Epperly, S.P.;Merriner, J.V.;Tester, P.A. 1994 AVHRR imagery and the near real-time conservation of endangered sea turtles in the western North Atlantic Proceedings of the WMO/IOC Technical Conference on Space-based Ocean Observations Bergen, Norway WMO/TD-No. 649 184-189 loggerhead; ridley; green; migration Journal Article Chiaraviglio, M.;Gutierrez, M. 1994 Reconocimiento de olor feromonal conespecifico en Waglerophis merremii (Serpentes: Colubridae). Influencia estacional y hormonal Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 126-130 Waglerophis merremii Journal Article Chilton, N.B.;Bull, C.M. 1994 Influence of Environmental Factors on Oviposition and Egg Development in Amblyomma limbatum and Aponomma hydrosauri (Acari: Ixodidae) International Journal for Parasitology 24 1 83-90 Temperature; Pre-Oviposition Period; Egg Development; Ixodid Ticks; Amblyomma Limbatum; Aponomma Hydrosauri; REPTILE TICK; MATING-BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY; FEMALE; WEIGHT Journal Article Chilton, N.B. 1994 Differences in the life cycles of two species of reptile tick: Implications for species distributions International Journal for Parasitology 24 6 791-795 AMBLYOMMA-LIMBATUM ACARI; REPRODUCTIVE FITNESS; PARAPATRIC BOUNDARY; FEMALE TICKS; IXODIDAE Journal Article Chimania, S.R.;Ovais, M. 1994 Effect of Substance-P on the Melanophores of a Fish and Frog In vitro Current Science 67 6 472-475 AUTONOMIC DRUGS Journal Article Chin, Douglas 1994 Captive maintenance and breeding of Kinixys belliana: Bell's hinge-back tortoise Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 8 8-9 captive breeding husbandry Journal Article Chippindale, P.T.;Wiens, J.J. 1994 Weighting, Partitioning, and Combining Characters in Phylogenetic Analysis Systematic Biology 43 2 278-287 AMBYSTOMATID SALAMANDERS CAUDATA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; EVOLUTIONARY; PARSIMONY; CONGRUENCE; CONSENSUS; COMPATIBILITY; SYSTEMATICS; BUTTERFLIES; MORPHOLOGY Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Crotalus viridis viridis (prairie rattlesnake). Record rattle-string Herpetological Review 25 3 123 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Belcher, Dale;Mackessy, Stephen P.;Petkus, Albert;Smith, \Hobart M. 1994 Stimulation of ingestion in solenoglyphous snakes Herpetological Review 25 4 158-159 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Holland, Richard L.;Ristau, Carolyn;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Chelydra serpentina serpentina (common snapping turtle). USA: Nebraska Herpetological Review 25 4 162 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Tantilla nigriceps (Plains blackhead snake). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 25 4 168 Book Section Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M.;carpenter, Charles C. 1994 An ethological approach to reproductive success in reptiles Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 147-173 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Featherman, Donnie;Fuerst, Roy;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Observations on the herpetofauna of the indian reservations of southwestern South Dakota Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 12 269-270 bufo woodhousii pseudacris triseriata rana catesbieana pipiens chelydra serpentina chrysemys picta belli coluber constrictor flaviventris thamnophis radix haydeni sirtalis parietalis crotalus viridis Journal Article Chiszar, David;Belcher, Dale;Mackessy, Stephen P.;Petkus, Albert;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Stimulation of ingestion in Solenoglyphus snakes Herpetological Review 25 4 158-159 Feeding techniques; Vipers Journal Article Chiszar, David;Mehaffey, Douglas;Antonio, Frederick;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Strike-induced chemosensory searching in eastern green mambas (Dendroaspis angusticeps) Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 30 4 149-156 Journal Article Chiu, K.W.;Lam, K.Y. 1994 Plasma T3 and T4 Levels in a Snake, Elaphe Taeniura Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Comparative Physiology 107 1 107-112 T3; T4; Elaphe Taeniura; Sloughing Cycle; Thyroidectomy; THYROID-HORMONES; PTYAS-KORROS; THYROXINE; SERUM; SALMON; CYCLE Journal Article Chou, Wen-hao 1994 Rana psaltes (harpist frog). Taiwan: Nantou Co Herpetological Review 25 2 75 Journal Article Chou, L. M. 1994 Calotes versicolor (Indian tree lizard). Singapore: Kent Ridge Herpetological Review 25 2 75-76 Journal Article Christian, Keith;Green, Brian 1994 Water flux in the Australian treefrog Litoria caerulea under natural and semi-natural conditions Amphibia-Reptilia 15 4 401-405 Journal Article Christian, Keith;Weavers, Brian 1994 Analysis of the activity and energetics of the lizard Varanus rosenbergi Copeia 1994 2 289-295 temperature deil activity radio telemetry metabolism behavior GALAPAGOS LAND IGUANAS; SAND GOANNA; GOULDII; POPULATION; CONOLOPHUS; VARANIDAE; PALLIDUS; REPTILIA; ISLAND; FIELD Journal Article Christian, Keith;Green, Brian 1994 Seasonal energetics and water turnover of the frillneck lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii, in the wet-dry tropics of Australia Herpetologica 50 3 274-281 seasonality tropics Reptilia; Chlamydosaurus-Kingii; Energetics; Seasonality; Tropics; Water Turnover; FIELD ENERGETICS; POTENTIAL ERRORS; TEMPERATURE; ANIMALS Journal Article Christian, A.;Horn, H.-G.;Preuschoft, H. 1994 Biomechanical reasons for bipedalism in reptiles Amphibia-Reptilia 15 3 275-284 locomotion escape Journal Article Christian, K. A.;Conley, K. E. 1994 Activity and resting metabolism of varanid lizards compared with 'typical' lizards Aust J Zool 42 2 185-193 Reptilia, sauria, varanus, physiology, metabolism, temperature We examined whether Australian varanids as a group are more aerobic than other lizards. The standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximal oxygen consumption (V-O2max) were measured for four species of varanid lizards and the skink Tiliqua rugosa at 35 degrees C. These were compared to each other and to the V-O2max of the iguanid lizard Cyclura nubila by analysis of covariance with body mass as a covariate. There were no differences with respect to SMR, but the V-O2max of the lizards fell into three groups: Varanus rosenbergi, V. gouldii and V. panoptes had higher aerobic capacities than V. mertensi and Cyclura nubila, and Tiliqua rugosa had a V-O2max lower than the other species. There is no simple relationship between V-O2max and the time these lizards spend in natural activity. The summer SMRs of V. rosenbergi and T. rugosa were significantly higher than during other seasons. The V-O2max of V. rosenbergi was higher in summer than in other seasons, but T. rugosa showed no seasonal differences in V-O2max. These results indicate that the SMRs of the varanids were similar to those of other lizards, and, despite generalisations in the literature, not all varanid lizards have high aerobic capacities. Varanid lizards may be as physiologically diverse as other lizard families. Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Green, Brian 1994 Seasonal energetics and water turnover of the frillneck lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingii, in the wet-dry tropics of Australia Herpetologica 50 3 274-281 Journal Article Christie, Bill 1994 The Indianapolis Zoo's Cyclura management program Iguana Times 3 2 9-11 nubila reproduction lewisi ricordi collei Journal Article Christie, Bill 1994 Malaysia: A naturalist's wonder. Part I. Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 5 1;5-6 Journal Article Christie, Bill 1994 Malaysia: A naturalist's Wonder part 2 Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 6 1-3 tropidolaemus wagleri geoclemmys hamiltoni lissemys punctata dasypeltis Journal Article Christie, Bill 1994 New at the Indianapolis Zoo Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 7 7 6 Journal Article Christie, Bill 1994 Husbandry and reproduction of the Amazon tree boa (Corallus e. enydris) Captive Breeding 2 2 20-24 Corallus e. enydris Journal Article Christie, Bill 1994 Management of the radiated tortoise (Geochelone radiata) at the Indianapolis Zoo Captive Breeding 2 4 22-25 Geochelone radiata Journal Article Christie, Tim 1994 Snakebite! Wyoming Wildlife 58 6 22-29 Journal Article Christopher, Mary M.;Brigmon, Robin;Jacobsen, Elliott 1994 Seasonal alterations in plasma b-hydroxybutyrate and related biochemical parameters in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 108A 2/3 303-310 Journal Article Christopher, M.M.;Brigmon, R.;Jacobson, E. 1994 Seasonal alterations in plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate and related biochemical parameters in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 108 2-3 303-310 seasonal alterations; beta-hydroxybutyrate; Gopherus agassizii; urea nitrogen; azotemia; hypoproteinemia; hibernation; cholesterol Journal Article Churchill, T.A.;Storey, K.B. 1994 Metabolic responses to dehydration by liver of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 72 8 1420-1425 FREEZE; TOLERANCE Journal Article Churchill, T.A.;Storey, K.B. 1994 Effects of dehydration on organ metabolism in the frog Pseudacris crucifer: Hyperglycemic responses to dehydration mimic freezing-induced cryoprotectant production Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 164 6 492-498 amphibian water balance; desiccation tolerance; freeze tolerance; spring peeper; cell volume regulation; ANURAN AMPHIBIANS; RANA-SYLVATICA; WOOD FROG; TOLERANCE Journal Article Ciofi, Claudio;Chelazzi, Guido 1994 Analysis of homing pattern in the colubrid snake Coluber viridiflavus Journal of Herpetology 28 4 477-484 hibernaculum movement home range PRAIRIE RATTLESNAKE; HABITAT USE; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY; POPULATION; SERPENTES Journal Article Cissé, Mamadou [by Greg Naclerio] 1994 Diapause and the monitors of Sengal VaraNews 4 2/3 7-11 varanus niloticus exanthematicus Journal Article Clairambault, P.;Christophe, N.;Pairault, C.;Herbin, M.;Ward, R.;Reperant, J. 1994 Organization of the serotoninergic system in the brain of two amphibian species, Ambystoma mexicanum (Urodela) and Typhlonectes compressicauda (Gymnophiona) Anat Embryol Berl 190 1 87-99 An immunocytochemical investigation was made of the distribution of serotonin (5-HT) in the brain of larval and adult Ambystoma mexicanum and adult Typhlonectes compressicauda. Immunoreactive perikarya can be identified in the caudal diencephalon (paraventricular organ and infundibular nucleus), in the ventral mesencephalon (interpeduncular nucleus) and in the raphe of the rhombencephalon. Immunopositive fibers and terminal arborizations are widely distributed, extending from the whole telencephalon to the spinal lemniscus area. However, the retinorecipient structures of the thalamus and mesencephalon are either very weakly innervated (Ambystoma) or completely immunonegative (Typhlonectes). The habenular system also exhibits very few 5-HT-positive structures. The major serotoninergic neuron clusters, in both Urodela and Gymnophiona, tend to gather, from the paraventricular organ to the raphe, on both sides of the sagittal plane, showing no tendency to "lateralization". A new interpretation of the limited development of the serotoninergic system in amphibians is given. Journal Article Clark, Peter 1994 A chile night in Colchester Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1994 June 4;3 Journal Article Clark, Peter 1994 1994 Annual show report Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1994 November 4-5 Journal Article Clark, R. 1994 New observations on the Elaphe snakes from Amorgos (Cyclades, Greece) and the validity of Elaphe rechingeri Werner as an endemic species Herpetological Journal 4 3 91-97 Journal Article Clark, Richard 1994 Rival combat in the Greek long-nosed viper, Vipera ammodytes meridionalis Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 1 17-19 Journal Article Clark, Richard 1994 Observations on the herpetofauna of southern Norway (Sørland) British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 47 30-44 titurus cristatus vulgaris bufo rana arvalis temporairia anguis fragilis lacerta vivipara coronella austriaca natrix vipera berus Journal Article Clark, Andrew 1994 What is a species? And how many Mantella's are there? Reptilian 2 8 7-12 Key; Mantella Journal Article Clarke, B. C.;Nicolson, S. W. 1994 Water, energy, and electrolyte balance in captive Namib sand-dune lizards (Angolosaurus skoogi) Copeia 1994 4 962-974 Book Cleave, Andrew 1994 Snakes & Reptiles: A portrait of the animal world New York Smithmark 80 Journal Article Clemen, Günter;Greven, Hartmut 1994 The buccal cavity of larval and metamorphosed Salamandra salamandra: structural and developmental aspects Mertensiella 4 83-109 Salamandra salamandra; Mouth cavity; Pattern of dentition; Definitive vomer; Vomeropalatinum; Oral epithelium; Tongue Book Section Clobert, J.;Massot, M.;Lecomte, J.;Sorci, G.;Fraipont, M. de;Barbault, R. 1994 Determinants of dispersal behavior: the common lizard as a case study Vitt, L. J. and Pianka, E. R. Lizard Ecology: Historical and Experimental Perspectives Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press 183-206 reptiles, lizards, evolutionary ecology, dispersion, density, immigration, emigration, social Journal Article Cloudsley-Thompson, John 1994 Cleopatra's aps British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 50 18-19 Book Cloudsley-Thompson, John L. 1994 Predation and Defence amongst Reptiles Somerset, England R&A Publishing viii, 138 Book Cloudsley-Thompson, John L. 1994 Predation and Defence amongst Reptiles Somerset, England R&A Publishing viii, 138 p. Journal Article Clyde, V.L.;Cardeilhac, P.T.;Jacobson, E.R. 1994 Chemical Restraint of American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) with Atracurium or Tiletamine-Zolazepam Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 4 525-530 Alligator; Alligator-Mississippiensis; Atracurium; Diazepam; Restraint; Tiletamine; Zolazepam; IMMOBILIZATION Journal Article Coats, S. R.;Zhang, Y.;Epstein, L. M. 1994 Transcription of satellite 2 DNA from the newt is driven by a snRNA type of promoter Nucleic Acids Res 22 22 4697-704 Animal; Base Sequence; DNA, Satellite/*genetics; Evolution; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation/physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens/*genetics; Oocytes; Promoter Regions (Genetics)/*genetics; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis; RNA, Small Nuclear/*genetics; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics; Xenopus laevis The transcriptional promoter of satellite 2 from the eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, was analyzed by assaying the activity of deleted or mutated satellite 2 clones in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Two elements in the promoter were found to be important for transcription. These elements have sequences that are similar to the sequences of the octamer and the proximal sequence element of vertebrate snRNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, the organization of these elements and their respective roles in transcription are the same as their organization and roles in the snRNA genes. To further investigate the relationship between the satellite 2 and snRNA gene promoters, the ability of the satellite 2 promoter to drive transcription of a true snRNA gene was tested. The satellite 2 promoter initiated transcription of the Xenopus U1b2 snRNA gene as efficiently as the native U1b2 promoter, and the 3' ends of the resulting U1b2 transcripts were accurately formed. This latter result confirms that the satellite 2 promoter is a functional analog of the snRNA promoter, since 3'-end formation of snRNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II requires that transcription be initiated from a compatible promoter. The structural and functional similarities between the satellite 2 and the snRNA gene promoters suggest that these elements are evolutionarily related. These findings were used to extend a previously proposed model concerning the nature and derivation of satellite 2. Book Coborn, John 1994 Savannah Monitors Neptune, NJ TFH 64 Book Coborn, John 1994 John Coborn Neptune, NJ TFH 48 Book Coborn, John 1994 Green Iguanas & Other Iguanids Neptune, NJ TFH 64 Book Coborn, John 1994 Caring for Green Iguanas: Breeding, Feeding & Selection Neptune, NJ TFH 48 Book Coborn, John 1994 Burmese Pythons Neptune, NJ TFH 64 Book Coborn, John 1994 Ball Pythons Neptune, NJ TFH 48 Book Coborn, John 1994 White's Tree Frogs Neptune, NJ TFH 48 Book Coborn, John 1994 The Mini-Atlas of Snakes of the World Neptune City, NJ TFH 734 Journal Article Cochran, Philip A. 1994 The spiny softshell turtle (Apalone spinifera) at Wood dale Grove Forest Preserve, DuPage County, Illinois Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 5 96-97 Journal Article Cochran, Philip A. 1994 A longevity record for the eastern hognose snake (Heterodon platirhinos) Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 6 117-118 Journal Article Cochran, Phillip A. 1994 Apalone spinifera (spiny softshell). USA: Wisconsin Herpetological Review 25 2 75 Journal Article Cocroft, Reginald B. 1994 A cladistic analysis of chorus frog phylogeny (Hylidae: Pseudacris) Herpetologica 50 4 420-437 hyla limnaoedus Journal Article Cogalniceanu, Dan 1994 The relative importance of vision and olfaction in mate recognition in male newts (Genus Triturus) Herpetologica 50 3 344-349 montandoni vulgaris Newt; Triturus; Mate Recognition; Olfaction; Vision; SEXUAL SELECTION; SMOOTH NEWT; COURTSHIP; COMMUNICATION; VULGARIS Book Cogger, Harold G. 1994 Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press 788 Book Cogger, Harold G. 1994 Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia Ithaca, NY Comstock 788 Australia Journal Article Cohen, Henry 1994 NOAH breeder's corner Notes From NOAH 21 5 17 Journal Article Cohn, J.P. 1994 Salamanders Slip-Sliding Away or Too Surreptitious to Count Bioscience 44 4 219-223 Journal Article Cohn, Jeffrey P. 1994 The Uncelebrated salamanders Nature Conservancy 44 4 8-9 Journal Article Cohn, Jeffrey P. 1994 Salamanders slip-sliding away or too surreptitious to count? BioScience 44 4 219-223 amphibian decline Journal Article Cohn, Jeffrey P. 1994 The uncelebrated salamanders Nature Concervancy 1994 July/August 8-9 Journal Article Cole, Charles J. 1994 A lizard found Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 10 7-8 Journal Article Cole, Jeffery A. 1994 Leptotyphlops humilis (western blind snake). USA: Arizona Herpetological Review 25 4 168 Journal Article Cole, Charles 1994 A lizard found Natural History 8/94 66-69 Journal Article Collazo, A.;Marks, S.B. 1994 Development of Gyrinophilus porphyriticus - Identification of the Ancestral Developmental Pattern in the Salamander Family Plethodontidae Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 3 239-258 MARSUPIAL FROGS; EVOLUTION; TRITURUS; ARREST; NEWTS Journal Article Collazo, A.;Fraser, S.E.;Mabee, P.M. 1994 A Dual Embryonic Origin for Vertebrate Mechanoreceptors Science 264 5157 426-430 LATERAL-LINE SYSTEM; CARDIAC NEURAL CREST; CELLS; ZEBRAFISH; TELEOSTEI; PLACODES; XENOPUS; ABSENCE; HEART Journal Article Collazo, Andres 1994 Molecular heterochrony in the pattern of fibronectin expression during gastrulation in amphibians Evolution 48 6 2037-2045 Acipenser; Actinopterygii; Development Evolution; Sturgen; Taricha Journal Article Collazo, A.;Marks., S. B. 1994 Development of Gyrinophilus porphyriticus: identification of the ancestral developmental pattern in the salamander family Plethodontidae Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 239-256 Journal Article Collins, E.P.;Rodda, G.H. 1994 Bone layers associated with ecdysis in laboratory-reared Boiga irregularis (Colubridae) Journal of Herpetology 28 3 378-381 REPTILES; SNAKE Journal Article Coloma, L. A. 1994 Los anfibios y la salud ambiental de la amazonía Acción Ecológica 1994 22-24 DAP, Ecuador, amazon Journal Article Colorado Herpetological Society 1994 A permit process to allow for the keeping of large and hazardous reptiles. A proposal for legeslation to be enacted by the city and county of Denver Cold Blooded News 21 11 13-14 laws Journal Article Colwell, Gregory J. 1994 In response to Bringsøe on the inclusion of Dendrobates and Phyllobates in appendix II of CITES Herpetological Review 25 1 10 Journal Article Conant, Roger 1994 Closing the gap - 1 Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 3 49-53 Journal Article Conant, Roger 1994 Closing the gap - II Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 10 221-228 Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Dunham, A.E.;Sels, R.C.V. 1994 Demographics of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms American Zoologist 34 3 397-408 LIFE-HISTORY; NORTHERN POPULATION; EMYDOIDEA-BLANDINGI; NESTING ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SURVIVORSHIP; MATURITY; TERM; AGE; REPRODUCTION Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Dunham, A.E.;van Loben Sels, Richard C. 1994 Demographics of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms American Zoologist 34 3 397-408 LIFE-HISTORY; NORTHERN POPULATION; EMYDOIDEA-BLANDINGI; NESTING ECOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SURVIVORSHIP; MATURITY; TERM; AGE; REPRODUCTION Journal Article Congdon, J. D.;Dunham, A. E.;Sels, R. C. van Loben 1994 Demographics of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): implications for conservation and management of ling-lived organisms American Zoologist 34 397-408 reptiles, turtles, Michigan, life history, survival, life table Journal Article Congdon, Justin D.;Dunham, Arthur E.;Sels, R.C. van Loben 1994 Demographics of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms American Zoologist 34 397-408 Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Dunham, A.E.;Van Loben Sels, R.C. 1994 Demographics of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms American Zoologist 34 397-408 Demography Journal Article Cook, Patrick M.;Rowe, Matthew P.;Van Devender, R. Wayne 1994 Allometric scaling and interspecific differences in the rattling sounds of rattlesnakes Herpetologica 50 3 358-368 aposematic caudal luring crotalus rattling sistrurus warning display Allometry; Aposematic; Caudal Luring; Crotalus; Rattlesnake; Rattling; Sistrurus; Warning Display; GROUND-SQUIRRELS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; VIRIDIS; SNAKE Journal Article Cook, Robert A. 1994 Nesting site observations of the diamond python Morelia spilota spilota Herpetofauna 24 1 22-24 Journal Article Cooper, W.E. 1994 Chemical Discrimination by Tongue-Flicking in Lizards - A Review with Hypotheses on Its Origin and Its Ecological and Phylogenetic Relationships Journal of Chemical Ecology 20 2 439-487 Tongue-Flicking; Vomerolfaction; Squamata; Scleroglossa; Iguania; Lizards; Snakes, Iguanas; Geckos; Predator-Prey Interaction; Olfaction; PREY ODOR DISCRIMINATION; BROAD-HEADED SKINK; COTTONMOUTHS AGKISTRODON-PISCIVORUS; SPHENODON-PUNCTATUS REPTILIA; CROTALUS-VIRIDIS-VIRIDIS; RELATIVE CLUTCH MASS; SIT-AND-WAIT; EUMECES-LATICEPS; DIPSOSAURUS-DORSALIS; LIFE-HISTORY Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1994 Movement and substrate tongue flicks in Phrynosomatid lizards Copeia 1994 1 234-237 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1994 Tree and substrate selection in the semi-arboreal scincid lizard Eumeces laticeps Herpetological Journal 4 20-23 Journal Article Cooper, W.E. 1994 Multiple Functions of Extraoral Lingual Behaviour in Iguanian Lizards - Prey Capture, Grooming and Swallowing, But Not Prey Detection Animal Behaviour 47 4 765-775 SPHENODON-PUNCTATUS REPTILIA; CHEMICAL FOOD STIMULI; BROAD-HEADED SKINK; TONGUE-FLICK RATE; DIPSOSAURUS-DORSALIS; ODOR DISCRIMINATION; VOMERONASAL ORGANS; GARTER SNAKES; POSTSTRIKE ELEVATION; CHALCIDES-OCELLATUS Journal Article Cooper, Allan 1994 The western ribbon snake, Thamnophis proximus ssp., it's maintenance and breeding in captivity Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 2 89-92 Journal Article Cooper, John E. 1994 Viral diseases of reptiles British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 47 9-10 virus Journal Article Cooper, Steve 1994 Red-eyed tree frogs: Jewels of the rain forest night Reptiles 2 2 52-65 agalychnis callidryas Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;López, Pilar;Salvador, Alfredo 1994 Phermone detection by an amphisbaenian Animal Behaviour 47 1401-1411 blanus cinereus tongue flick communication Journal Article Cooper, J.E.;Sainsbury, A.W. 1994 Oral Diseases of Reptiles Herpetological Journal 4 4 117-125 Journal Article Cooper, W.E.;Vanwyk, J.H. 1994 Absence of prey chemical discrimination by tongue-flicking in an ambush-foraging lizard having actively foraging ancestors Ethology 97 4 317-328 DIPSOSAURUS-DORSALIS; ODOR DISCRIMINATION; CHALCIDES-OCELLATUS; SQUAMATE REPTILES; FOOD STIMULI; CHEMORECEPTION; RESPONSES; VOMEROLFACTION Journal Article Cooper, W.E.;Deperno, C.S.;Arnett, J. 1994 Prolonged poststrike elevation in tongue-flicking rate with rapid onset in gila monster, Heloderma suspectum: Relation to diet and foraging and implications for evolution of chemosensory searching Journal of Chemical Ecology 20 11 2867-2881 tongue-flicking; poststrike elevation in tongue-flicking; strike-induced chemosensory searching; gila monster; lizard; Squamata; Helodermatidae; snake origin; PREY ODOR DISCRIMINATION; VARANUS-EXANTHEMATICUS; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS; EUMECES-LATICEPS; STRIKE; LIZARD; SNAKES; BEHAVIOR; RATTLESNAKES; CHEMICALS Journal Article Cooper, J. E.;Sainsbury, A. W. 1994 Review: Oral diseases of reptiles Herpetological Journal 4 117-125 treatment Journal Article Cooper, J.E.;Sainsbury, A.W. 1994 Oral disease of reptiles Herpetol. J. 4 117-125 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, pathology, mouth, oral cavity Reprint Enndote 94/215 Journal Article Cooper, J.E. 1994 Biopsy Techniques Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 3 3 161-165 Aves, Reptilia, serpentes, Amphibia, diagnostics, biopsy, Exotic Species JE Cooper/Univ Kent/Durrell Inst Conservat & Ecol/Canterbury CT2 7NX/Kent, England, Reprint Endnote 95/30 Journal Article Cooper, William E.;Vitt, Laurie J. 1994 Tree and substrate selection in the semi-arboreal scincid lizard Eumeces laticeps Herpetological Journal 4 20-23 Kiawah Island Journal Article Coote, Jon 1994 Talking turtles Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1994 June 8-9 Journal Article Coote, Jon 1994 Obituary for Dave Lester Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 3 96 Journal Article Coppen, James 1994 Kingsnakes & milksnakes Reptilian 2 8 34-38 Lampropeltis Journal Article Corcoran, James H. 1994 Bacterial abscesses in Iguana iguana Northern Nevada Herpetological Society: Update 5 1 5-7 Journal Article Corcuera, Guillermo Lopez 1994 The orgin of snakes - Part I NTHS News 12 9 7;10 Journal Article Corcuera, Guillermo Lopez 1994 The origin of snakes - Part II NTHS News 12 10 5-8 Journal Article Coriat, Anne-Marie;Valleley, Elizabeth;Ferguson, Mark W. J.;Sharp, Paul T. 1994 Chromosomal and temperature-dependent sex determination: The search for a conserved mechanism Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 1 112-116 alligator mississippiensisSRY gene Journal Article Coriat, A. M.;Valleley, E.;Ferguson, Mwj;Sharpe, P. T. 1994 Chromosomal and temperature-dependent sex determination: The search for a conserved mechanism J Exp Zool 270 1 112-116 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, physiology, sex, determination To test the hypothesis that the same (or similar) genes may be involved in chromosomal sex determination and temperature dependent sex determination we investigated the expression of the mammalian testis determining gene SRY in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), a species with temperature dependent sex. We have cloned Alligator SRY-related genes (A-Srys) which constitute three major gene classes with high degrees of sequence homology (45-87%) to mammalian SRY and related genes. Expression analysis and cellular localisation studies using staged embryonic material from male and female incubation temperatures are underway to assess the role of A-Sry genes in temperature dependent sex determination. Journal Article Coriat, A. M.;Valleley, E.;Ferguson, M. W.;Sharpe, P. T. 1994 Chromosomal and temperature-dependent sex determination: the search for a conserved mechanism J Exp Zool 270 1 112-6 Alligators and Crocodiles/genetics/*physiology; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology; Female; Human; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sex Differentiation/genetics/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Temperature; Transcription Factors/genetics; Zinc Fingers/genetics To test the hypothesis that the same (or similar) genes may be involved in chromosomal sex determination and temperature dependent sex determination we investigated the expression of the mammalian testis determining gene SRY in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), a species with temperature dependent sex. We have cloned Alligator SRY-related genes (A-Srys) which constitute three major gene classes with high degrees of sequence homology (45-87%) to mammalian SRY and related genes. Expression analysis and cellular localisation studies using staged embryonic material from male and female incubation temperatures are underway to assess the role of A-Sry genes in temperature dependent sex determination. Journal Article Cork, S.C.;Stockdale, P.H.G. 1994 Mycotic Disease in the Common New-Zealand Gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus) New Zealand Veterinary Journal 42 4 144-147 REPTILES Journal Article Cork, S. C.;Stockdale, Phg 1994 Mycotic disease in the common New-Zealand gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus) N. Z. Vet. J. 42 4 144-147 Reptilia, sauria,common New-Zealand gecko, Hoplodactylus maculatus, infection, fungus, mycosis Two adult female geckoes (Hoplodactylus maculatus) from the National Wildlife Centre, Mt Bruce, Masterton, died within the period of a month and were presented to the Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health at Massey University for necropsy. The first gecko had numerous 1-2 mm diameter punctate ulcers of the skin over the ventral and dorsal regions of the body. The second animal had slight discolouration of some of the scales. Skin swabs were taken from each case for culture. There were no other gross lesions apparent at necropsy. Histologically, the only lesions in the first gecko were areas of epidermal and dermal ulceration involving fungi and bacteria. In the second gecko, there was limited inflammation in the skin, but in the lungs there was necrosis of the pulmonary septae and constituent muscle bundles caused by fungi whose septate mycelia extended into adjacent large blood vessels and caused mycotic thrombi; hyphae were also found in the spleen and liver. Paecilomyces sp. septate fungus was recovered from both geckoes and Pseudomonas spp. and a mixed Gram-negative flora were recovered from the cutaneous lesions on culture. The death of the first gecko was considered to be due to widespread ulcerative dermatitis, while that of the second gecko was thought to be due to mycotic pneumonitis and mycotic septicaemia. It is believed that environmental factors. such as cold temperature and high humidity, contributed to a reduction in the immune response in the affected geckoes. with the consequent development of overwhelming fungal infections. Reprint Endnote 95/34 Journal Article Corliss, Justin M. 1994 Salmonella - A possible health threat Captive Breeding 3 1 17-18 Book Section Corn, Paul Stephen 1994 Recent trends of desert tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 85-93 gopherus agassizii drought human disturbance population analysis size Book Section Corn, Paul Stephen 1994 What we know and don't know about amphibian declines in the west Covington, Wallace W. and DeBano, Leonard F. Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management Ft. Collins, Colorado USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station General Technical report RM-247 59-68 Book Section Corn, Paul Stephen 1994 What we know and don't know about amphibian declines in the West Covington, Wallace W. and DeBano, Leonard F. Sustainable Ecological Systems: Implementing an Ecological Approach to Land Management 59-67 Journal Article Cornwall, M. C.;Fain, G. L. 1994 Bleached pigment activates transduction in isolated rods of the salamander retina J Physiol (Lond) 480 Pt 2 261-79 Ambystoma; Animal; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism; In Vitro; Ion Transport; Light; Lithium/pharmacology; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Opsin/*metabolism/*radiation effects; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism; Rods (Retina)/drug effects/*metabolism/*radiation effects; Signal Transduction/radiation effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology 1. We have used suction electrode recording together with rapid steps into Li+ solution and 0.5 mM IBMX solution to estimate the rates of the guanylyl phosphodiesterase (PDE) and guanylyl cyclase in isolated rods of the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. 2. We show that both the PDE and cyclase velocities are accelerated by steady background light. The steady velocities of both enzymes appear to be saturating functions of background intensity. 3. Bleaching also accelerates both the PDE and cyclase. This effect is maintained long after the bleaching stimulus is removed (up to 2 h) and is reversed only if the photopigment is regenerated with exogenous chromophore. 4. The estimated steady-state PDE and cyclase velocities appear to be linear functions of the amount of pigment bleached, as if each bleached pigment molecule activated the transduction cascade with the same probability and gain. 5. The effectiveness of bleached pigment in activating transduction is only 10(-6) to 10(-7) times that of activated rhodopsin (Rh*), but this is sufficient after large bleaches to produce an 'equivalent background' excitation of the rod, which is probably responsible, at least in part, for bleaching desensitization. Journal Article Cortes, A.;Baez, C.;Rosenmann, M.;Pino, C. 1994 Body temperature, activity cycle and metabolic rate in a small nocturnal Chilean lizard, Garthia gaudichaudi (Sauria: Gekkonidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 109 4 967-973 nocturnal lizards; metabolic rate; body temperature; activity cycles; Chilean gekkonids; thermal relations; behavioral thermoregulation; Garthia gaudichaudi; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; DESERT LIZARD; SAUDI-ARABIA; GECKO; REPTILIA Journal Article Cortwright, S. A. 1994 Ten to eleven year population trends in two pond-breeding amphibian species Froglog 1994 11 2 notophthalamus viridescens rana clamitans Journal Article Costanzo, J. P.;Lee, R. E. Jr 1994 Physiological adaptations promoting anuran freeze tolerance Sonoran Herpetologist 7 1 5 Journal Article Couper, P. J.;Covacevich, J. A.;Moritz, Craig 1994 A review of the leaf-tailed geckos endemic to eastern Australia: A new genus, four new species, and other new data Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 17 7-36 saltuarius phylurus rainforest endemism reptilia squamata gekkonidae key salebrosus cornutus occultus swaini platurus isis ossa caudiannulatus nephthys laevis taxonomy systematics phylogeny zoogeography Journal Article Couper, Patrick J. 1994 A new species of Lygisaurus De Vis (Reptilia: Scincidae) from mideastern Queensland Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 20 27-30 zuma sp. nov open forest Journal Article Couper, P. J.;Covacevich, J. A.;Lethbridge, P. J. 1994 Carlia parrhasius, a new Queensland skink Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 35 1 31-33 Carlia parrhasius sp. nov.; New species; Queensland; Scincidae; Cape York Peninsula; Morethia Journal Article Couper, Patrick J.;Gregson, Robert A. M. 1994 Redescription of Nephrurus asper Günther, and description of N. amyae sp. nov. and N. sheai sp. nov. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 37 1 67-81 Journal Article Cousins, Glenn 1994 Report on field trip to M.O.D. site - Shoeburyness and Foulness Island. I Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1994 June 7 Journal Article Covacevich, Jeanette 1994 Region reports - Qld: from the Queensland Museum Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 16 9-10 Journal Article Covacevich, Jeanette A.;Cooper, P.J.;James, C. 1994 A new skink, Nangura spinosa gen. et sp. nov., from a dry rainforest of southeastern Queensland Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 16 11-19 new species genus sphenomorphus gnypetoscincus queenslandiae scinidae Journal Article Covacevich, Jeanette 1994 Phangs and physic: 40,000 years of risky business Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 16 20-26 mythology ethnology Journal Article Covacevich, J. A.;Pearn, J. H.;Clarkson, J. R. 1994 An early Flecker radiograph of Hydrophis elegans, and new information on its feeding habits Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 37 1 68 Hydrophis elegans; Sea snake; feeding habits Filed with Couper & Gregson 1994 Book Section Cover, John F., Jr;Barnett, Sandra L.;Saunders, Robin L. 1994 captive management and breeding of dendrobatid and neotropical hylid frogs at the National Aquarium in Baltimore Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 267-273 Book Section Cox, J.H.;Rahman, M.M. 1994 An assessment of crocodile resource potential in Bangladesh Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0238-0. xii + 309 pp. 232-258 Book Section Coyot, Linda J.;Snell, Howard L.;Llerena, Washington;Snell, Heidi M. 1994 Conservation biology of Galápagos reptiles: Twenty-five years of successful research and management Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 297-305 Thesis Crain, D.A. 1994 Insulin-like growth factor-1 in the plasma of two chelonians: Caretta caretta and Trachemys scripta elegans Journal Article Cranfield, M.R.;Graczyk, T.K. 1994 Experimental infection of elaphid snakes with Cryptosporidium serpentis (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) Journal of Parasitology 80 5 823-826 PARVUM; KINETICS; CALVES; SERUM Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess 1994 Notes on the natural history and captive husbandry of the Sonoran mountain kingsnakes (Lampropeltis pyromelana) Vivarium 5 4 15-17;35 Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess 1994 Common kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getula) Vivarium 5 6 30-33;46-47;54 Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess 1994 Natural history of the Sierra Mountain kingsnake (Lampropeltis zonata multicincta) Vivarium 6 3 38-43;47 Journal Article Crawford, K.M. 1994 Patterns of energy substrate utilization in overwintering painted turtles, Chrysemys picta Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 109 2 495-502 energy substrate utilization; Chrysemys picta; TEMPERATURE; HIBERNATION; BELLII; HEART; WATER Book Section Cree, Alison;Daugherty, Charles H.;Towns, David R.;Blanchard, Barbara 1994 The contribution of captive management to the conservation of tuatara (Sphenodon) in New Zealand Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 377-385 Journal Article Cree, A. 1994 Low annual reproductive output in female reptiles from New Zealand New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 351-372 clutch size; clutch frequency; annual reproductive output; biennial reproduction; tuatara; gecko; skink; thermal preference; Sphenodon; Hoplodactylus Journal Article Crews, David;Garrick, Leslie D. 1994 Methods of inducing reproduction in captive reptiles Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 21 13-34 Journal Article Crews, David 1994 Animal sexuality Scientific American January 108-114 cnemidophorus parthenogenesis Book Section Crews, David;Tousignant, Alan;Wibbels, Thane 1994 Considerations for inducing reproduction in captive reptiles Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 133-145 Journal Article Crews, D. 1994 Animal Sexuality Scientific American January 108-119 sex ratio Journal Article Crews, D. 1994 Temperture, steroids and sex determination Journal of Endocrinology 142 1-8 sex ratio Journal Article Crews, D;and Bergeron, JM 1994 Role of reductase and aromatase in sex determination in the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta), a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination 143 279-289 sex ratio Journal Article Crews, D.;Bergeron, J.M.;Bull, J.J.;Flores, D.;Tousignant, A.;Skipper, J.K.;Wibbels, T. 1994 Temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles: proximate mechanisms, ultimate outcomes, and practical applications Developmental Genetics 15 297-312 tsd; sex ratio; conservation Journal Article Crnobrnja, J.;Dzukic, G.;Aleksic, I.;Vujicic, L.;Avramov, S. 1994 Distribution and genetic variation of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis, Lacertidae) populations from lake Skadar: Preliminary results Bios 275-286 Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1994 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831 Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1994 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 2 ISBN 2-8317-0239-9 340 pp Book Crocodile_Specialist_Group 1994 Crocodiles Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland Volume 1 ISBN 2-8317-0238-0 xii + 309 pp Journal Article Crombie, Ronald I. 1994 Herpetological publications of the National Museum of natural History (USNM), 1853-1994 Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 101 40 Journal Article Crombie, Ronald I. 1994 Herpetological publications of the National Museum of Natural History (USNM), 1853-1994 Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 101 1-40 herpetology, publications, National Museum of Natural History Journal Article Crombie, R. I. 1994 Herpetological publications of the National Museum of Natural History (USNM) Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 101 1-40 literature, reptiles, amphibians Book Section Crooks, Bill 1994 The care and breeding of Sauromalus obesus obesus in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 41-45 Journal Article Crowder, Larry B.;Crouse, Deborah T.;Heppell, Selina S.;Martin, Thomas S. 1994 Predicting the impact of turtle excluder devices on loggerhead sea turtle populations Ecological Applications 4 3 437-445 caretta conservation biology endangered species modeling population projection matrix southeastern united states stage based TED's Journal Article Crowder, L.B.;Crouse, D.T.;Heppell, S.S.;Martin, T.H. 1994 Predicting the impact of turtle excluder devices on loggerhead sea turtle populations 4 3 437-445 loggerhead/conservation Journal Article Cruickshank, A.R.I. 1994 Cranial Anatomy of the Lower Jurassic Pliosaur Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus (Stutchbury) (Reptilia: Plesiosauria) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 343 1305 247-260 Journal Article Cruickshank, A.R.I. 1994 A juvenile plesiosaur (Plesiosauria: Reptilia) from the Lower Lias (Hettangian: Lower Jurassic) of Lyme Regis, England: A pliosauroid-plesiosauroid intermediate? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112 1-2 151-178 Eurycleidus; Hettangian; phylogeny; functional anatomy Book Section Crumly, Charles R. 1994 Phylogenetic systematics of North American tortoises (genus Gopherus): evidence for their classification Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 7-32 gopherus agassizii polyphemus flavomarginatus berlandieri biogeography cladistic comparisons fossil histories monophyletic lineage synapomorphic characters tortoise xerobates Book Section Crumly, Charles R.;Grismer, L. Lee 1994 Validity of the tortoise Xerobates lepidocephalus Ottley and Velazques in Baja California Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 33-37 gopherus agassizii biogeography synonym fossil tortoise xerobates Journal Article Crumly, C.;Grismer, L. L. 1994 Validity of the tortoise Xerobates lepidocephalus Ottley and Velasquez in Baja California Fish and Wildlife Res. 13 32-36 Journal Article Cruz, Félix B.;Scrocchi, Gustavo J.;Lavilla, Esteban O. 1994 Phyllopezus pollicaris przewalski (ututo macho). Argentina: Salta Herpetological Review 25 4 161 Journal Article Cruz, M.V.S.;Mendezdelacruz, F.R.;Parragamez, L. 1994 Spermatogenesis in the lizard Sceloporus mucronatus (Reptilia:Phrynosomatidae) Revista de Biologia Tropical 42 1-2 289-296 reproductive cycle; spermatogenesis; testicular recrudescence Journal Article Cruz, F. B. 1994 Actividad reproductiva en Vanzosaura rubricauda (Sauria: Teiidae) del Chaco Occidental en Argentina Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 112-118 Vanzosaura rubricauda Journal Article Cruz, F. B. 1994 Actividad reproductiva en Homonota horrida (Sauria: Gekkonidae) del Chaco Occidental en Argentina Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 119-125 Homonota horrida Journal Article Cruz, F. R. Mendez-De La;Cruz, M. Villagran-Santa;Cuéllar, O. 1994 Geographic variation of spermatogenesis in the Mexican viviparous lizard Sceloporus mucronatus Biogeographica 70 2 59-67 Evolution, lizard, spermatogenesis, geographic variation, viviparity Sceloporus mucronatus is a viviparous member of the torquatus group inhabiting high elevation regions of central Mexico. Populations from high mountains and lower plateau exhibit different reproductive cycles. Although ovulation in both populations occurs during fall, sperm maturation and mating at higher elevations occur during early summer, requiring female sperm storage. At lower elevations spermatogenesis and mating are delayed until fall, coinciding with ovulation. The reproductive differences between the two regions appear related to amount of rainfall, which determines food avalibility. We propose the fall mating in viviparous Sceloporus evolved to coincide with the end of the rainy season, during which the maximum energy is obtained for reproductive effort. Fall mating probably evolved during post-pleistocene desertification of the Mexican Plateau. Journal Article Cruz, F. B. 1994 Actividad reproductiva en Vanzosaura rubricauda (Sauria: Teiidae) del Chaco occidental en Argentina Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8 1 112-118 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, cycles, eggs, Journal Article Cruzneto, A.P.;Abe, A.S. 1994 Ontogenetic variation of oxygen uptake in the pitviper Bothrops moojeni (Serpentes, Viperidae) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 108 4 549-554 oxygen uptake; Bothrops moojeni; ENERGY-METABOLISM; STATISTICAL ARTIFACT; BODY SIZE; TEMPERATURE; LIZARD; MASS Book Section Cuc, H.T. 1994 Status and conservation of crocodiles in Vietnam Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Personal Communication Cuellar, Orlando 1994 Spontaneous triploidy in the lizard Sceloporus grammicus and the orgin of parthenogenesis in lizards Personal Communication Cuellar, Orlando;Cortez, Adrian Reuter;de la Cruz, Fausto R. Mendez 1994 Spontaneous triploidy in vertebrates, and the orgin of parthenogenesis in lizards Personal Communication Cuellar, Orlando 1994 Ecological observations on the spotted frog in western Utah Personal Communication Cuellar, Orlando 1994 Biogeography of parthenogenetic animals Journal Article Cuellar, Orlando 1994 Ecological observations on Rana pretiosa in western Utah Alytes 12 3 109-121 population ecology mark recapture reproduction Journal Article Cuéllar, Orlando 1994 Biogeography of parthenogenetic animals Biogeographica 70 1 1-13 Animal parthenogenesis, biogeography, ecology, adaptations, insular, vertebrates, invertebrates Journal Article Cuéllar, Orlando 1994 Ecological observations on Rana pretiosa in western Utah Alytes 12 3 109-121 The ecology of the spotted frog Rana pretiosa was studied in a small isolated marsh in western Utah during the spring of 1992. A total of 354 egg clusters were counted, averaging 444 eggs per cluster. The majority were laid in shallow water and were attached to other clusters, forming large communal masses. Eighty spotted frogs were marked and released, comprising 28 females, 25 males, and 27 juveniles. Snout-vent length and weight of the females averaged 60.5 mm and 18.5 g respectively, of the males 51.6 mm and 11.0 g, and of the juveniles 33.3 mm and 2.2 g. Females were significantly larger and heavier than males. Population density was approximately 100 frogs per hectare. The rarity and highly isolated occurrence of spotted frogs in Utah, and the general decline of ranid frog species in western North America, call for protection of this population. Journal Article Cullen, D. J.;Powell, R. 1994 A comparison of food habitats of a montane and a lowland population of Anolis distichus (Lacertilia: Polychrotidae) from the Dominican Republic Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 30 62-66 food habits, montane, Anolis distichus, Lacertilia, Polychrotidae, Dominican Republic Journal Article Cupp, P.V. 1994 Salamanders avoid chemical cues from predators Animal Behaviour 48 1 232-235 TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR; COMMUNICATION Journal Article Cury, P. 1994 Obstinate nature: an ecology of individuals. Thoughts on reproductive behavior and biodiversity Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51 1664-1673 sex ratio Journal Article Cypher, Brain L.;Spencer, Kenneth A.;Scrivner, Jerry H. 1994 Food-item use by coyotes at the naval petroleum reserves in California Southwestern Naturalist 39 1 91-95 pituophis melanoleucus uta stansburiana eumeces predators predation Journal Article da Silva Rubio, Eduardo 1994 Contribución al atlas herpetológico de la provincia de Badajoz I: Anfibios [Contribution to herpetological atlas from Badajoz Province I: Amphibians] Revista Española de Herpetología 8 87-94 Distribution; Amphibians; Badajoz; Spain Journal Article Daigle, C.;Desrosiers, A.;Bonin, J. 1994 Distribution and abundance of common map turtles, Graptemys geographica, in the Ottawa River, Quebec Canadian Field - Naturalist 108 1 84-86 Common Map Turtle; Graptemys geographica; abundance; distribution; Ottawa River; Quebec Journal Article Daly, J.W.;Garraffo, H.M.;Spande, T.F.;Jaramillo, C.;Rand, A.S. 1994 Dietary Source for Skin Alkaloids of Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae)? Journal of Chemical Ecology 20 4 943-955 Alkaloids; Indolizidines; Pyrrolizidines; Histrionicotoxins; Coccinellines; Dendrobatid Frogs; Insects; Millipedes Journal Article Daly, J.W.;Garraffo, H.M.;Spande, T.F.;Jaramillo, C.;Rand, A.S. 1994 Dietary Source for Skin Alkaloids of Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae) Journal of Chemical Ecology 20 4 943-955 Alkaloids; Indolizidines; Pyrrolizidines; Histrionicotoxins; Coccinellines; Dendrobatid Frogs; Insects; Millipedes Journal Article Daly, John W.;Secunda, Sherrie I.;Garraffo, H. Martin;Spande, Thomas F.;Wisnieski, Anthony;Cover, Jack F., Jr 1994 An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) Toxicon 32 6 657-663 colostethus dendrobates phyllobates epipedobates Journal Article Daly, J. W.;Garraffo, H. M.;Spande, T. F.;Jaramillo, C.;Rand, A. S. 1994 Dietary source for skin alkaloids of poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)? Journal of Chemical Ecology 20 4 943-955 alkaloids, Amphibia, Anura, idolizidines, pyrrolizidines, histrionicotoxins, coccinellines, insects, millipedes, Diplopoda, invertebrates, skin secretions Journal Article Daly, J. W.;Secunda, S. I.;Garraffo, H. M.;Spande, T. F.;Wisnieski, A.;J. F. Cover, Jr. 1994 An uptake system for dietary alkaloids in poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) Toxicon. 32 6 657-663 amphibians, frogs, chemicals Journal Article Daly, J. W.;Gusovsky, F.;Myers, C. W.;Yotsu-Yamashita, M.;Yasumoto, T. 1994 First occurrence of tetrodotoxin in a dendrobatid frog (Colostethus inguinalis), with further reports for the bufonid genus Atelopus Toxicon 32 3 279-285 toxin Book Section Dan, Cogalniceanu 1994 Reptoduction twice a year of the crested newt in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 209-211 notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Daniels, Christopher B.;McGregor, Lesley K.;Nicholas, Terence E. 1994 The dragon's breath: A model for the dynamics of breathing an faveolar ventilation in agamid lizards Herpetologica 50 3 251-261 unicameral lung bellows movement CT scan x-ray pulmonary type surfactant Journal Article Daniels, R. J. Ranjit 1994 Notes on a rare South Indians gecko, Hemiphyllodactylus tuphus Beddome Dactylus 2 4 132-133 Journal Article Daniels, C. B.;Mcgregor, L. K.;Nicholas, T. E. 1994 The dragons breath - A model for the dynamics of breathing and faveolar ventilation in Agamid lizards Herpetologica 50 3 251-261 Reptilia, sauria, Ctenophorus nuchalis, Pogona vitticeps, physiology, respiration The lungs of the dragon lizards Ctenophorus nuchalis and Pogona vitticeps are unicameral. We have used the scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray, and computerized tomography (CT) scans to study the static and dynamic behavior of the lung during the respiratory cycle in both anaesthetized and unanaesthetized, awake lizards. One awake, quite C. nuchalis at 37 C held 0.18 ml of air/g body mass in its lungs during nonventilatory periods. However, the right lung holds a smaller volume than the left. During ventilation the caudal third of the lung retains a relatively constant volume, while the anterior portion of the lung undergoes the major changes in volume. Over 70% of the faveoli are located in the anterior two-thirds of the lung. CT scans of P. vitticeps reveal that the dorsal faveoli represent a larger (thicker) band than the ventral faveoli. The ventral surface is also considerably compressed and distorted by other abdominal organs. Most of the pulmonary arteries are located on the dorsal and lateral external walls of the lung. We propose that air moves into the faveoli during inspiration, as the body wall moves outwards, pulling with it the external wall of the lung which is attached by strong connective tissue. If the trabecular network maintains a relatively constant shape, the faveoli will be pulled open and air will be sucked into them. As the lung deflates, the faveoli are compressed against the relatively rigid trabecular network and air is forced out. Hence, each faveolus acts as a bellows. Movement of air in the lung and the function of pulmonary surfactant are also discussed. Journal Article Darda, David M. 1994 Allozyme variation and morphological evolution among Mexican salamanders of the genus Chiropterotriton (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Herpetologica 50 2 164-187 amphibia systematics morphology allozymes Amphibia; Caudata; Plethodontidae; Chiropterotriton; Allozymes; Systematics; Morphology; THORIUS AMPHIBIA; AMBYSTOMATID SALAMANDERS; CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY; DIFFERENTIATION; SYSTEMATICS; LINEAGE; MINIATURIZATION; PSEUDOEURYCEA; INFERENCES Journal Article Darevsky, I. S.;Orlov, N. L. 1994 The systematic position of the slender racer Coluber najadum (Eichwald) from south-east Azerbaijan, and some remarks on the herpetological fauna of this region Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 2 93-97 colubridae albitemporalis taxonomy endemics rana macrocnemis pseudodalmatina lacerta chlorogaster elaphe persica agkistrodon intermedius triturus vulgaris lantzi cristatus karelini bufo praticola anguis fragilis Journal Article Darevsky, I. S.;Orlov, N. L. 1994 Vietnascincus rugosus, a new genus and species of the Dasia-like arboreal skinks (Sauria, Scincidae) from Vietnam Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 1 37-41 taxonomy Journal Article Darras, V.M.;Kuhn, E.R.;Decuypere, E. 1994 Comparative aspects of maturation and control of thyroid hormone deiodination during development Israel Journal of Zoology 40 3-4 383-400 I IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASE; RANA-CATESBEIANA TADPOLES; THYROXINE 5'-MONODEIODINASE ACTIVITY; HEPATIC 5'-DEIODINASE ACTIVITY; PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; LOW BODY-WEIGHT; GROWTH-HORMONE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS Journal Article Das, I.;Coe, M. 1994 Dental morphology and diet in anuran amphibians from south India Journal of Zoology 233 Part 3 417-427 Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1994 Herpetological philately Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 9 200-202 Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1994 The internal oral morphology of some Anuran larvae from south India: a scanning electron microscopic study Amphibia-Reptilia 15 3 249-256 rana cyanophlyctis hexadactyla crassa microhyla rubra Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1994 The reptiles of south Asia: Checklist and distributional summary Hamadryad 19 15-40 endemicity Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1994 The identity of the Plio-Pleistocene turtle, Geoemyda pilgrimi Prasad and Satsangi, 1967 (Testudines: Cryptodira: Bataguridae) Hamadryad 19 41-46 taxonomy hardella thurjii india Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Charles, Joseph K. 1994 Observations on the diet and microhabitat use by Platymantis dorsalis A. Duméril, 1853 (Anura: Ranidae) at Mount Makiling, Los Banõs, Philippines Hamadryad 19 76-78 diet luzon Journal Article Das, I. 1994 The internal oral morphology of some anuran larvae from south India: a scanning electron microscopic study Amphibia-Reptilia 15 249-256 Journal Article Daugherty, Charles H.;Patterson, G. B.;Hitchmough, R. A. 1994 Taxonomic and conservation review of New Zealand herpetofauna New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 317-323 Frogs; Tuatara; Geckos; Skinks; Leiopelma; Sphenodon; Hoplodactylus; Naultinus; Cyclodina; Leiolopisma; Conservation; Herpetofauna; New Zealand; Species Diversity Journal Article Dausch, R.;Spring, K. R. 1994 Regulation of NaCl entry into Necturus gallbladder epithelium by protein kinase C Am J Physiol 266 2 Pt 1 C531-5 Animal; Bumetanide/pharmacology; Epithelium/cytology/drug effects/metabolism; Gallbladder/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism; Necturus maculosus; Ouabain/pharmacology; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism; Sodium Chloride/*metabolism; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology The role of protein kinase C in the regulation of the mode of NaCl entry into Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells was determined from the rate and magnitude of ouabain-induced cell swelling in the presence of inhibitors. Stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol ester increased the rate of cell swelling from the control value of 2.9% to 4.7%/min and caused the predominant apical membrane transport mechanism for NaCl to switch from bumetanide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransport to amiloride-sensitive parallel exchange. Na-Cl cotransport could be restored as the predominant mode of NaCl entry by treatment of stimulated tissues with the kinase inhibitors 1-(5- isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) and calphostin C. Therefore the mechanism of NaCl transport across the apical membrane can be controlled by the activity of protein kinase C. Journal Article Davenport, J. 1994 A Cleaning Association Between the Oceanic Crab Planes minutus and the Loggerhead Sea Turtle Caretta caretta Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74 3 735-737 ECOLOGY; BEHAVIOR Book Section Davenport, John 1994 Observations on captive juvenile salt-water crocodiles Crocodylus porosus Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 166-169 Journal Article Davenport, J. 1994 A cleaning association between the oceanic crab Planes minutus and the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74 3 735-737 ECOLOGY; BEHAVIOR Journal Article Davenport, J. 1994 A cleaning association between the oceanic crab Planes miniutus and the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 74 735-737 loggerhead Journal Article David, Patrick 1994 Liste des reptiles actuels du monde I. Chelonii [Current list of reptiles of the world: Testudines] Dumerilia 1 1 7-127 classification taxonomy bibliography chelonians chelonia turtles tortoises pdavid@cimrs1.mnhn.fr Book Section David, D.N. 1994 Harvesting wild crocodilians: guidelines for developing a sustainable use program Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0238-0. xii + 309 pp. 274-309 Journal Article David, Patrick 1994 Liste des reptiles actuels du monde. I. Chelonii Dumerilia 1 7-127 Chelonia; Checklist; Literature; French Journal Article Davies, Robert;Davies, Valerie 1994 Green is beautiful Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1994 November 7-8 Journal Article Davis, A.;Hardy, I. 1994 Hares and Tortoises in Drosophila Community Ecology Trends in Ecology & Evolution 9 4 119-120 COMPETITION; COEXISTENCE; RESOURCES Book Section Davis, G.W. 1994 The benefits of farming and ranching Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Journal Article Dawson, D.A. 1994 Joint Actions of Carboxylic Acid Binary Mixtures on Xenopus Embryo Development - Comparison of Joint Actions for Malformation Types Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27 2 243-249 TOXICITY HAZARD ASSESSMENT; TERATOGENESIS ASSAY; BENZOIC HYDRAZIDE; FETAX Journal Article Dayton, L. 1994 The Land Where Snakes Are Top Dog New Scientist 141 1916 14 Journal Article De Bruin, Ron W. F.;Zwartepoorte, Henk A. 1994 Captive management and breeding of Cuora aurocapitata (Testudines: Emydidae) Herpetological Review 25 2 58-59 growth Journal Article de Buffrénil, Vivian;chabanet, Claire;Castanet, Jaques 1994 Données préliminaires sur la taille, la croissance et la longévite du varan du Nil (Varanus niloticus) dans la région du lac Tchad [Preliminary study on age classes, growth and longevity of the Nile monitor(Varanus niloticus) from the region of Lake Tchad Canadian Journal of Zoology 72 262-273 population ecology Journal Article De Gendt, G. 1994 Verslag over het heelkundig verwijderen van 4 eieren bij een Lampropeltis getulus californiae (albino) [Account of the surgical removal of 4 eggs from an albino Lampropeltis getulus californiae] Terra 30 4 50-53 Journal Article De la Riva, Ignacio 1994 A new aquatic frog of the genus Telmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Bolivian cloud forests Herpetologica 50 1 38-45 yuracare new species Anura; Leptodactylidae; Telmatobius-Yuracare; New Species; Bolivia Journal Article De la Riva, Ignacio 1994 An undescribed defensive mechanism in the neotropical hylid frog Phrynohyas coriacea Amphibia-Reptilia 15 2 226-227 Journal Article de la Riva, Ignacio 1994 Eleutherodactylus peruvianus (NCN). Bolivia: Santa Cruz Herpetological Review 25 4 159 Journal Article De la Riva, Ignacio 1994 Anfibios anuros del Parque Nacional de Monte Alén, Río Muni, Guinea Ecuatorial [Anurans of the Monte Alen national Park, Rio Muni, Ecuatorial Guinea] Revista Española de Herpetología 8 123-139 Anura; Checklist; Rio Muni; Ecuatorial Guinea; Biogeography Journal Article de la Riva, Ignacio;Márquez, Rafael;Bosch, Jamie 1994 Advertisement calls of Bolivian species of Scinax (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 64 2 75-85 Bolivia; Scinax; Adverisement call Journal Article De la Riva, I.;Márquez, R.;Bosch, J. 1994 Advertisement calls of Bolivian species of Scinax Contributions to Zoology 64 1 75-85 advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, taxonomy, Bolivia Scinax Journal Article de Prekel, Marc 1994 15 Jaren ervaring met het houden en kweken van slangen, een persoonlijke visie [15 years experience with captive care and husbandry of snakes, a personal view] Terra 30 3 46-47 chondropython viridis elaphe guttata morelia spilota Journal Article de Queiroz, Alan;Lawson, Robin 1994 Phylogenetic relationships of the garter snakes based on DNA sequence and allozyme variation Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 53 3 209-229 thamnophis evolution consensus cytochrome b gene trees mitochondrial DNA nerodia parsimony phylogeny PCR polymerase chain reaction protein electrophoresis sampling bias consensus; cytochrome b; DNA sequencing; gene trees; mitochondrial DNA; Nerodia; parsimony; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; protein electrophoresis; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; COLUBRIDAE; SERPENTES; DIFFERENTIATION; RELATEDNESS; SYSTEMATICS; CONFIDENCE; POLYMERASE Journal Article de Queiroz, Kevin;Lawson, Robin 1994 Phylogenetic relationships of the garter snakes based on DNA sequence and allozyme variation Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 53 209-229 Journal Article De Roodt, A. R.;Troiano, J. C.;Duronoto, G. 1994 Protein electrophoresis studies on caiman Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 14-15 Journal Article de Silva, Anslem 1994 An introduction to the herpetofauna of Sri Lanka Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 3-19 Sri Lanka Journal Article de Silva, Anslem 1994 The amphibia of Sri Lanka: A provisional checklist and their common names Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 20-26 Sri Lanka Journal Article de Silva, Anslem;de Silva, Panduka 1994 Preliminary observations on the natural history of Ramanella obscura (Amphibia: Microhylidae) Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 33-37 Sri Lanka Journal Article de Silva, Anslem 1994 Some notes on Gonydactylus frenatus (Gunther, 1864) (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 57-59 Sri Lanka Journal Article de Silva, Anslem 1994 Book Review: The Venomous Sea Snakes a Comprehensive Bibliography Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 67 Sri Lanka Journal Article de Silva, Anslem 1994 Book Review: Iguanas: A guide to their biology and captive care Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 67-68 Sri Lanka Journal Article De Silva, Anslem 1994 The amphibia of Sri Lanka: a review Loris 20 3 121-126 Journal Article de Sola, Roldan;Velasco, Alvaro 1994 Venezuela: Commercial harvets of caimans in Venezuela 1993 and 1994 seasons Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 16-18 Journal Article de Souza, Roselis Remor;Vogt, Richard C. 1994 Incubation temperature influences sex and hatchling size in the neotropical turtle Podocnemis unifilis Journal of Herpetology 28 4 453-464 temperature dependent sex determination PAINTED TURTLES; ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; NEST TEMPERATURES; EMYDURA-MACQUARII; RATIO; DIFFERENTIATION; EMBRYOS; EVOLUTION; REPTILES Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1994 Book Review: Animal Scam: The Beastly Abuse of Human Rights Vivarium 5 5 30 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1994 Snake plants: Sansevieria Vivarium 5 5 46 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philip 1994 Herpetoculture in a changing world Vivarium 6 3 10-11;36-37 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1994 The Lizard Keeper's Handbook Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 175 Book de Vosjoli, Philippe;Klingenberg, Roger;Barker, David;Barker, Tracy 1994 The Ball Python Manual Lakeside, California Advanced Vivarium Series 78 Journal Article Dearing, M. Denise;Schall, Jos J. 1994 Atypical reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the tropical Bonaire Island whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus murinus Copeia 1994 3 760-766 capture recapture growth clutch size relative egg mass color variation Journal Article Dearing, M. D.;Schall, J. J. 1994 Atypical reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the tropical Bonaire island whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus murinus Copeia 1994 3 760-766 reptiles, lizards, body size, morphology, growth, Journal Article Deatenor, M.S.B.;Deromero, I.R.;Brauckmann, E.;Pisano, A.;Legname, A.H. 1994 Effects of the Pineal Gland and Melatonin on the Metabolism of Oocytes in Vitro and on Ovulation in Bufo arenarum Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 6 436-441 HORMONE; ORGAN Journal Article Deban, S.M.;Oreilly, J.C.;Theimer, T. 1994 Mechanism of defensive inflation in the chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 5 451-459 Reptilia, sauria, chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus, physiology, respiration, VENTILATION, MUSCLES The chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus, avoids predation by wedging itself in a rock crevice and inflating its lungs beyond their normal inspiratory volume. Buccal and pulmonary pressures were recorded in S. obesus during defensive inflation and wedging. Maximum pulmonary pressure generated during defensive wedging was significantly higher and was achieved faster than that of nonwedging inflation. During inflation and wedging, S. obesus forces air into the lungs by pulsatile contraction of the buccal cavity. Buccal pulse pumping is an ancestral ventilation behavior of vertebrates that S. obesus uses for defensive inflation. Journal Article Deban, S.M., Oreilly, J.C.,Theimer, T.,, 1994 Mechanism of defensive inflation in the chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 5 451-459 Reptilia, sauria, chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus, physiology, respiration, VENTILATION, MUSCLES The chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus, avoids predation by wedging itself in a rock crevice and inflating its lungs beyond their normal inspiratory volume. Buccal and pulmonary pressures were recorded in S. obesus during defensive inflation and wedging. Maximum pulmonary pressure generated during defensive wedging was significantly higher and was achieved faster than that of nonwedging inflation. During inflation and wedging, S. obesus forces air into the lungs by pulsatile contraction of the buccal cavity. Buccal pulse pumping is an ancestral ventilation behavior of vertebrates that S. obesus uses for defensive inflation. Journal Article Deban, S.M.Oreilly, J.C.Theimer, T., 1994 Mechanism of defensive inflation in the chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 5 451-459 Reptilia, sauria, chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus, physiology, respiration, VENTILATION, MUSCLES The chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus, avoids predation by wedging itself in a rock crevice and inflating its lungs beyond their normal inspiratory volume. Buccal and pulmonary pressures were recorded in S. obesus during defensive inflation and wedging. Maximum pulmonary pressure generated during defensive wedging was significantly higher and was achieved faster than that of nonwedging inflation. During inflation and wedging, S. obesus forces air into the lungs by pulsatile contraction of the buccal cavity. Buccal pulse pumping is an ancestral ventilation behavior of vertebrates that S. obesus uses for defensive inflation. Journal Article Debauche, P.;Baras, B.;Devos, P. 1994 Insulin but not progesterone promotes the biosynthesis of glycogen in Xenopus laevis oocytes: Implications on the control of glycogen synthase by phosphorylation, dephosphorylation Journal of Experimental Zoology 269 1 1-11 GROWTH FACTOR-I; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE; GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PLAYS; ADENYLATE-CYCLASE; OKADAIC ACID; GLUCOSE; ACTIVATION; PURIFICATION; HEPATOCYTES; MATURATION Journal Article Debuffrenil, V.;Chabanet, C.;Castanet, J. 1994 Preliminary data on the size, growth and longevity of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) in the area of Lake Chad Can J Zool 72 2 262-273 Reptilia, sauria, Varanus niloticus, physiology, growth, longevity A sample of 288 Nile varanids, including only adults and subadults (153 mates and 135 females), was collected in the Tchadian part of Lake Tchad where the species is regularly exploited. Each animal was measured (L, total length; MC, snout-vent length) and weighed, and its age was determined by the skeletochronological technique. No information of this sort, collected on a wide sample, was hitherto available. For the age-classes studied, the most representative sizes in the population (the medians being considered) were close to 155 cm for males and 134 cm for females, with respective masses of about 5 and 3 kg. The difference between sexes was highly significant. Conversely, age structure in the samples were not significantly different among sexes (except for one age- class: 4 years). The longevity of these lizards is about 8 years in the Lake Tchad region. The relationship between tail length and snout-vent length shows similar tendencies in both sexes (e = 1.06MC + 21.48). The tail becomes proportionally shorter with growth. Both sexes also display similar tendencies for the relationship between total length and mass (M = 8.131E - 9L(3.992) - 8.131E - 9(21(3.992)) + 0.034). Body growth in the Nile varanids corresponds to a model derived from Von Bertalanffy's general model: L = K(1 - e(-b(age))) + a. Growth of males is faster and steadier than that of females. Males reach their asymptotic size (207 cm) at a later age (9 years) than the females (154.8 cm reached at age 6 years). Though comparative data are very scarce, the growth rate in the animals examined seems high compared with that of other large species of varanids, especially Varanus komodoensis. Journal Article DeCourcy, K.R.;Jenssen, T.A. 1994 Structure and Use of Male Territorial Headbob Signals by the Lizard Anolis carolinensis Animal Behaviour 47 2 251-262 DISPLAY BEHAVIOR; IGUANIDAE; LACERTILIA; FEMALES; SAURIA Journal Article DeCourcy, Kristi R.;Jenssen, Thomas A. 1994 Structure and use of male territorial headbob signals by the lizard, Anolis carolinensis Animal Behavior 47 251-262 Journal Article Defauw, Sherri L.;English, Patrick J. 1994 Hemidactylium scutatum (four-toed salamander). USA: Georgia Herpetological Review 25 4 159 Journal Article Defauw, Sherri L.;Kinsey, Andrew A. 1994 Hyla gratiosa (barking treefrog). USA: Georgia Herpetological Review 25 4 160 Journal Article Defauw, Sherri L.;English, Patrick J. 1994 Scaphiopus holbrookii holbrookii (eastern spadefoot). USA: Georgia Herpetological Review 25 4 162 Journal Article DeFusco, Russell P.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Liochlorophis vernalis blanchardi (smooth green snake). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 25 2 77 Journal Article Degani, Gad 1994 Ecophysiology of Salamandra salamandra at the southern limit of its distribution Mertensiella 4 111-124 Salamandra salamandra; Physiological adaptation; Xeric and moist habitat; Water balance; Plasma osmolarity; Critical thermal maximum; Oxygen consumption Journal Article Del Pino, E. M.;Alcocer, I.;Grunz., H. 1994 Urea is necessary for the culture of embryos of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae, and is tolerated by embryos of the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis. Develop. Growth Differ. 36 73-80 Journal Article Delariva, I.;Marquez, R.;Bosch, J. 1994 Advertisement calls of Bolivian species of Scinax (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Bijdragen Tot de Dierkunde 64 2 75-85 Anura; Hylidae; Scinax; Bolivia; advertisement calls; ecology; phylogeny Journal Article Delay, R. J.;Mackay-Sim, A.;Roper, S. D. 1994 Membrane properties of two types of basal cells in Necturus taste buds J Neurosci 14 10 6132-43 Animal; Autoradiography; Calcium/metabolism; Cell Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cytoplasm/ultrastructure; Electrophysiology; Ion Transport; Mechanoreceptors/physiology/*ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus maculosus/*anatomy & histology; Potassium/metabolism; Serotonin/analysis; Sodium/metabolism; Stem Cells/physiology/ultrastructure; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste Buds/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure Necturus taste buds contain two types of basal cells: presumptive stem cells and Merkel-like basal cells. Both types of basal cells are small round cells located at the base of the taste bud, indistinguishable from each other with light microscopy. However, with electron microscopy, autoradiography, or immunocytochemistry, these two types of basal cells can be easily distinguished. We isolated basal cells from taste buds, characterized their voltage-dependent currents using gigaseal whole-cell recordings, and processed the cells for electron microscopy or immunocytochemistry. We were able to distinguish two cell types electrophysiologically and to correlate cell type with membrane properties. Isolated Merkel-like basal cells had several voltage- activated currents: transient, TTX-sensitive, inward Na+ current; sustained, saturating outward K+ current; and slowly inactivating inward Ca2+ current. These currents are similar to those observed in taste receptor cells. In contrast, presumptive stem cells from Necturus taste buds only had outward K+ currents. Journal Article Delfino, G.;Brizzi, R.;Calloni, C. 1994 Serous Cutaneous Glands in the Tree-Frog Hyla Arborea Arborea (L) - Origin, Ontogenetic Evolution, and Possible Functional Implications of the Secretory Granule Substructure Acta Zoologica 75 1 27-36 XENOPUS-LAEVIS; SKIN VENOM; L AMPHIBIA; ANURA; DISCOGLOSSIDAE; DENDROBATIDAE; MORPHOLOGY Journal Article Delfino, G.;Brizzi, R.;Calloni, C. 1994 Serous cutaneous glands in the tree-frog Hyla arborea arborea (L.): origin, ontogenetic evolution, and possible functional implications of the secretory granule substructure Acta Zoologica 75 27-36 Amphibia, Hyla arborea arborea, morphology, skin, TEM, evolution, ultrastructure, development, ontogeny Journal Article Delheusy, Véronique;Bels, Vincent 1994 Comportement agonistique du gecko géant diurne Phelsuma madagascariensis grandis [Antagonistic behavior in giant day geckos Phelsuma madagascariensis grandis] Amphibia-Reptilia 15 1 63-79 Journal Article Dell'Anno, Roberta M. 1994 Novel behaviors or strange animals, part III HerpTales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1994 July 6 Journal Article Dell'Anno, Roberta M. 1994 Novel behaviors, or, strange animals, part II HerpTales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1994 May 2 Journal Article DeMarais, Scott;Waters, Dana 1994 Bufo microscaphus microscaphus (Arizona toad). USA: Arizona Herpetological Review 25 4 159 Book Section Demeter, Béla J.;Birchard, Geoffrey F. 1994 Long-term breeding program with the giant day gecko (Phelsuma madagascariensis ) at the National Zoological Park Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 311-315 Book Section Densmore, Llewellyn D.;Pliler, Erika D.;Lawler, Howard E. 1994 A molecular approach for determining genetic variation in captive and natural population of the piebald chuckwalla (Sauromalus varius) Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 343-351 Journal Article Denzer, Wolfgang 1994 Tree hole breeding in the toad Pelophryne brevipes (Peters, 1867) Amphibia-Reptilia 15 2 224-226 Journal Article DePerno, Christopher S.;Cooper, William E. 1994 Strike-induced chemosensory searching is absent in Anolis carolinensis Amphibia-Reptilia 15 1 83-88 Journal Article DePerno, C. S.;W. E. Cooper, Jr 1994 Strike-induced chemosensory searching is absent in Anolis carolinensis Amphibia-Reptilia 15 83-88 strike-induced chemosensory searching, Anolis carolinensis Journal Article DePoister, Brett 1994 Care and breeding of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) Captive Breeding 2 3 12-15 Eublepharis macularius Journal Article Devantery, C.;Schorderetslatkine, S.;Droin, A. 1994 A Xenopus Maternal Effect Mutant Gene Affects Oocyte Meiotic Reinitiation and Fertilization Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 5 410-419 CLEAVAGE FURROW FORMATION; LAEVIS EGGS; CORTICAL ROTATION; MICROTUBULES; ORGANIZATION; MATURATION; ACTIVATION; PROTEINS; TUBULIN Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 Etre ou ne pas être.... conservationniste [To be or not to be.... conservationist La Tortue 1994 26 2 Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 Visions d' Australie [Visions of Australia] La Tortue 1994 26 7-8 Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 Le prix d'une tortue. [The price of a tortoise] La Tortue 1994 27 1 gopherus Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 Les Galapagos. [The Galapagos] La Tortue 1994 27 9-18 geochelone elephantopus conservation Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 Un Français à Quito. [A Frenchman in Quito] La Tortue 1994 27 19-21 Podocnemis geochelone denticulata chelydra Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 Bali: paradis ou enfer? [Bali: Paradise or hell?] La Tortue 1994 27 22-24 commerce sea turtles Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 Répresion ou laxisme? La Tortue 1994 28 2 Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1994 En Espagne aussi ... un Center de Protection [Spain also has a protection center] La Tortue 1994 28 3-6 tortoise conservation education center Journal Article Deviana, M.L.;Jovanovich, C.;Valdes, P. 1994 Density, sex ratio and use of space of Liolaemus darwinii (Sauria:Iguanidae) in Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina Revista de Biologia Tropical 42 1-2 281-287 lizard populations; density; age structure; sexual ratio; Liolaemus darwinii; Argentina Journal Article Deviana, M.L.;Jovanovich, C.;Valdes, P. 1994 Feeding habits of Liolaemus darwinii (Sauria: Iguanidae) in Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina Revista de Biologia Tropical 42 1-2 379-381 food habits; insectivory; lizards; Liolaemus Journal Article Dezfulian, M.;Quintana, J.;Solleymani, D.;Morafka, D. 1994 Physiological characteristics of Clostridium bifermentans selectively isolated from California desert tortoise Folia Microbiologica 39 6 496-500 BOTULINUM Journal Article di-Bernardo, M. 1994 Uma nova espécie de Echinanthera Cope, 1894 (Serpentes, Colubridae) do nordeste do Brasil Biociências 2 75-81 snake, Colubridae, brazil, Rhadineae Journal Article di-Bernardo, Marcos 1994 Uma nova espécie de Echinanthera Cope, 1894 (Serpentes, Colubridae) do nordeste do Brasil Biociências 2 2 75-81 Echinanthera cephalomaculata sp. nov. Book Section Dial, Benjamin E.;Grismer, L. Lee 1994 Phylogeny and physiology: Evolution of lizards in the genus Coleonyx Brown, Philip R. and Wright, John W. Herpetology of the North American Deserts Van Nuys, CA Southwestern Herpetologists Society 239-254, 3 plates Journal Article Dial, Benjamin E.;Grismer, L. Lee 1994 Phylogeny and Physiology: Evolution of lizards in the genus Coleonyx Conference on the herpetology of North American Deserts, Southwestern Herpetological Society 5 239-254 Journal Article Diamond, J. 1994 Dining with the snakes Discover January 50-59 reptiles, snakes, physiology, feeding, Journal Article Diaz, M.;Lorenzo, A.;Gomez, T.;Badia, P.;Bolanos, A. 1994 Effects of Barium Chloride on Electrolyte Transport Across Isolated Colons from Normal and Aldosterone-Treated Lizards (Gallotia galloti) Journal of Experimental Biology 186 9-22 Ba2+; Aldosterone; NaCl Transport; Electrogenic Na+ Absorption; Cl- Secretion; Gallotia Galloti; RABBIT DISTAL COLON; CL-SECRETION; POTASSIUM-TRANSPORT; TURTLE COLON; NA-ABSORPTION; RAT COLON; ENTEROCYTES; CONDUCTANCE; AMILORIDE; INTESTINE Journal Article Didier, Lisa 1994 Psst... wanna see my pet snake? Reptiles 1 3 42-43 python molurus Book Section Diemer, Joan E.;Moore, Clinton T. 1994 Reproduction of gopher tortoises in north-central Florida Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 129-137 gopherus age of reproduction clutch size florida nesting predation radiography Journal Article Dierckx, Fernand 1994 Python regius, leven of sterven [Python regius, live or die] Terra 30 1 13-15 Journal Article Dierckx, F 1994 Python regius, life or death Python regius, leven of sterven Terra 30 1 11-12 Reptilia, serpentes, Python regius, pathology, fracture, therapy. A Python regius, with a broken backbone was splinted. Splints were taped along the body.The first few days there was some stress. After 6 weeks splints were removed. Some weeks later stiffness in that regio had disappeared and the animal did well and behaved normal. Journal Article Diller, L.V.;Wallace, R.L. 1994 Distribution and habitat of Plethodon elongatus on managed, young growth forests in north coastal California Journal of Herpetology 28 3 310-318 Journal Article Dillon, C.D. 1994 Twist-necked turtle, Platemys platycephala Tortuga Gazette 30 2 1-2 Journal Article Diong, C. H. 1994 Calotes versicolor (oriental garden lizard). Cannibalism and diet Herpetological Review 25 1 25-26 Journal Article DiStefano, R. J.;M. J. Roell, B. A. Wagner;Descoske., J. J. 1994 Relative performances of four preservatives on fish and crayfish Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123 817-823 Journal Article Divers, S.J. 1994 Tortoise thefts Veterinary Record 135 9 216 Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1994 The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in a small population of captive boas and pythons (family Boidae) British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 50 6-13 Parasites; Boa constrictor; Epicrates cenchria; Eryx colubrinus; Python molurus; Liasis albertisi; Python curtus; Helminth Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1994 Health management: Vivarium hygiene Reptilian 2 3 28-30 Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1994 The captive husbandry and breeding of the green iguana (Iguana iguana) part two Reptilian 2 2 24-32 Iguana iguana Journal Article Díaz, José 1994 Field thermoregulatory behavior in the western Canarian lizard Gallotia galloti Journal of Herpetology 28 3 325-333 thermoregulation temperature Journal Article Díaz, José A.;Alonso-Gómez, Angel L.;Delgado, María J. 1994 Seasonal variation of gonadal development, sexual steroids, and lipid reserves in a population of the lizard Psammodromus algirus Journal of Herpetology 28 2 199-205 reproduction ANNUAL REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; SICULA-SICULA RAF; TESTICULAR ACTIVITY; LACERTA-VIVIPARA; CENTRAL SPAIN; RANA-PEREZI; PREY SIZE; PLASMA; VITELLOGENESIS; TESTOSTERONE Journal Article Doak, Daniel;Kareiva, Peter;Kleptka, Brad 1994 Modeling population viability for the desert tortoise in the western mojave desert Ecological Applications 4 3 446-460 demography desert tortoises gopherus agassizii viability analysis western mojave Journal Article Doak, D.;Kareiva, P.;Kleptetka, B. 1994 Modeling Population Viability for the Desert Tortoise in the Western Mojave Desert Ecological Applications 4 3 446-460 Demography; Desert Tortoises; Gopherus-Agassizii; Viability Analysis; Western Mojave; Xerobates; GOPHERUS-AGASSIZII Journal Article Doak, Daniel;Kareiva, Peter;Kleptka, Brad 1994 Modeling population viability for the desert tortoise in the western Mojave Desert Ecological Applications 4 3 446-460 demography desert tortoises gopherus agassizii viability analysis western mojave Journal Article Dodd, C.K. 1994 The effects of drought on population structure, activity, and orientation of toads (Bufo quercicus and B. terrestris) at a temporary pond Ethology Ecology & Evolution 6 3 331-349 population structure; activity; orientation; temporary pond; drought; toads; Bufo; Florida Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.;Franz, Richard;Smith, Lora L. 1994 Activity patterns and habitat use of box turtles (Terrapene carolina bauri) on a Florida Island, with recommendations for management Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 2 97-106 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1994 Book Review: Keeping All the Pieces. Perspectives on Natural History and the Environment Copeia 1994 4 1064-1065 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr. 1994 The effects of drought on population structure, activity, and orientation of toads (Bufo quercicus and B. terrestris) at a temporary pond Ethology Ecology and Evolution 6 331-349 population, structure, activity, orientation, temporary pond, drought, toads, Bufo, Florida Journal Article Dodson, S.I.;Crowl, T.A.;Peckarsky, B.L.;Kats, L.B.;Covich, A.P.;Culp, J.M. 1994 Non-Visual Communication in Freshwater Benthos - An Overview Journal of the North American Benthological Society 13 2 268-282 Chemical Signals; Mechanical Signals; Anti-Predation; Morphology; Behavior; Zooplankton; Insects; Molluscs; Amphibians Journal Article Doherty, John 1994 Introduction to the symposium: Common themes in acoustic communication in anurans and insects American Zoologist 34 601-604 Journal Article Dole, Jim W.;Palmer, Brent D.;Rose, Betty B. 1994 The effect of hyperosmotic stress on tongue extension in the western toad, Bufo boreas Journal of Herpetology 28 2 261-264 prey capture FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; ENVIRONMENT Journal Article Dolgilevich, S.M.;Snegovaya, I.Y.;Mikaelyan, A.S. 1994 Taxon-Specific Protein of the Frog Lens - Phylogenetic Relatedness with the Proteins of NADP-Depended Reductases Superfamily Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Seriya Biologicheskaya 4 577-587 AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; EYE LENS; ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; ALDOSE REDUCTASE; RANA-TEMPORARIA; 15-HYDROXYPROSTAGLANDIN DEHYDROGENASE; PROSTAGLANDIN 9-KETOREDUCTASE; ENZYMATIC CONVERSION; BOVINE LUNG; CRYSTALLIN Journal Article Doll, C.J.;Hochachka, P.W.;Hand, S.C. 1994 A microcalorimetric study of turtle cortical slices: Insights into brain metabolic depression Journal of Experimental Biology 191 141-153 turtle; Chrysemys picta; anoxia; calorimetry; metabolic depression; adenylates; cortical; ANOXIA-TOLERANT HEPATOCYTES; DIFFERENT OXYGEN LEVELS; DIRECT CALORIMETRY; NEURONS; RESISTANCE; MECHANISM; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; ARREST Journal Article Domenech, Salvador 1994 Nota sobre la reproducción de Pelobates cultripes en la comarca de La Selva (Girona) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 23-25 Pelobates cultripes: Reproduction; Phenology Journal Article Don, M.;Estany, A.;Ramos, A.;Leoni, R.;Muchlinski, A. 1994 Re-examination of the afebrile response in two lizard species (Varanus exanthematicus and Gerrhosaurus major) Journal of Herpetology 28 3 385-388 BACTERIAL PYROGEN; FEVER RESPONSE; AGAMA-AGAMA Journal Article Donaldson, Wendy;Price, Andrew H.;Morse, Jack 1994 The current status and future prospects of the Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) in Texas Texas Journal of Science 46 2 98-113 conservation fire ants surveys Journal Article Donaldson, D. J.;Mahan, J. T.;Amrani, D. L.;Farrell, D. H.;Sobel, J. H. 1994 Further studies on the interaction of migrating keratinocytes with fibrinogen Cell Adhes Commun 2 4 299-308 Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Binding Sites; Cell Movement/drug effects; Fibrinogen/genetics/*metabolism; Keratinocytes/*cytology/metabolism; Male; Mutation/physiology; Notophthalmus viridescens; Oligopeptides/pharmacology; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. If glass implants placed under one edge of a skin wound in the adult newt are coated with fibrinogen (FGN), keratinocytes from the wound periphery migrate onto the implant. To learn more about the site(s) in FGN that permits this migration, we exposed keratinocytes to implants coated with forms of FGN containing modifications or deletions in the 3 most commonly studied cell binding sites; the RGDF sequence at A alpha 95-98, RGDS at A alpha 572-575 and the carboxy terminal 12 amino acids in the gamma A chain. Recombinant FGN with either RGD sequence altered to RGE supported migration as well as unmodified FGN did. Replacement of the carboxy terminal 4 amino acids in the gamma A chain by a 20 amino acid sequence that disrupts the ability of the gamma terminus to mediate platelet aggregation (the gamma' variant) likewise had no effect. Nor did simultaneous antibody blockade of the RGDS, RGDF, and gamma A sites have any effect. At its best, Dhem1, a fragment containing the RGDS and gamma A sites, produced only about half as much migration as the maximum obtained on intact FGN. Dhem2, a fragment differing from Dhem1 only by having a gamma' variant in place of gamma A, was even less active. Two other D fragments, both of which were missing a large part of the A alpha chain, and one of which contained none of the three major binding sites, supported considerable migration, suggesting that loss of the A alpha chain COOH terminus reveals a site that was not exposed in Dhem1 and 2. A alpha chain fragments containing the RGDF or RGDS sequence were active, but a much larger fragment without RGD was inactive. A soluble peptide consisting of the sequence, RGDS, was a potent inhibitor of migration on FGN but RGDF and the gamma A pentapeptide, KQAGD, were minimally effective. Longer versions of these peptides decreased the effectiveness in all cases. These results suggest that under certain circumstances, newt keratinocytes may interact with each of the 3 major binding sites in FGN as well as a site outside these sequences. Journal Article Donmez, Kadir 1994 Singapore: The last tanner Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 9 Journal Article Donnelly, M.A.;Guyer, C. 1994 Patterns of reproduction and habitat use in an assemblage of Neotropical hylid frogs Oecologia 98 3-4 291-302 phenology; neotropics; hylids; reproduction; seasonality; TREEFROG TADPOLES; POND COMMUNITIES; SOCIAL-BEHAVIOR; RAIN-FOREST; FLY LARVAE; PREDATION; ANURANS; SIZE; COMPETITION; PHENOLOGY Journal Article Donnelly, Maureen A.;Guyer, Craig 1994 Patterns of reproduction and habitat use in an assemblage of neotropical hylid frogs Oecologia 98 291-302 Journal Article Donnelly, M.;Guyer., C. 1994 Patterns of reproduction and habitat use in an assemblage of neotropical hylid frogs Oecologia 98 291-302 Journal Article Doonan, T.J.;Stout, I.J. 1994 Effects of Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Body Size on Burrow Structure American Midland Naturalist 131 2 273-280 FLORIDA Journal Article Dopazo, Hernan;Alberch, Pere 1994 Preliminary results on optional viviparity and intrauterine siblicide in Salamandra salamandra populations from Northern Spain Mertensiella 4 125-137 Salamandra salamandra; Viviparism; Life-history strategies; Siblicide; Heterochrony Journal Article Doria, Giuliano;Salvidio, Sebastiano 1994 Atlante degli anfibi e rettili della Liguira Cataloghi dei beni naturali 2 1-151, 42 plates (4 foldout) Journal Article Dorian, C. 1994 Captive management of the pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta Herpetofauna 24 1 15-17 management Journal Article Dorizzi, M;Richard-Mercier, N;Desvages, G;Girondot, M;and Pieau, C 1994 Masculinization of gonads by aromatase inhibitors in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination 58 1-8 sex ratio Journal Article Dorrian, Chris 1994 Captive management of the pig-nosed turtle, Carettochelys insculpta Herpetofauna 24 1 15-18 Journal Article Doughty, Paul;Sinervo, Barry 1994 The effects of habitat, time of hatching, and body size on the dispersal of hatchling Uta stansburiana Journal of Herpetology 28 4 485-490 Journal Article Doughty, Paul 1994 Critical thermal minima od garter snakes (Thamnophis) depend on species and body size Copeia 1994 2 537-540 IGUANIDAE; ECOLOGY Journal Article Doughty, P.;Sinervo, B.;Burghardt, G. M. 1994 Sex-biased dispersal in a polygynous lizard, Uta stansburiana Animal Behaviour 47 227-229 reptiles, lizards, dispersal, movement Journal Article Douglas, D.N.;Giband, M.;Altosaar, I.;Storey, K.B. 1994 Anoxia induces changes in translatable mRNA populations in turtle organs: A possible adaptive strategy for anaerobiosis Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 164 5 405-414 anoxia tolerance; stress-related proteins; translatable mRNA; turtle molecular biology; Trachemys scripta elegans; HEAT-SHOCK; METABOLIC-RATE; PROTEINS; GENE; HIBERNATION; DROSOPHILA; CELLS; WATER Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1994 Developmental arrest in Leptodactylus fuscus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae). II: Does a foam-borne factor block development? Herpetological Journal 4 2 39-45 Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1994 Developmental arrest in Leptodactylus fuscus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae) .1. Descriptive Herpetological Journal 4 2 29-38 Amphibia, anura, Leptodactylus fuscus, physiology, development, arrest Eggs of the neotropical frog Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) are laid in foamy masses in burrows close to sites of temporary pools. After about two days, tadpoles hatch into the foam, but after two days further development, if no rain has fallen, the tadpoles enter a period of developmental arrest, maintained until rain falls and the nest is inundated. Results reported here document the developmental status of the arrested tadpoles, and compare this with tadpoles that enter water immediately. Arrest involves a gradual slowing and eventual cessation of cell proliferation, a slowing of hatching gland degeneration, a cessation of limb bud morphogenesis and slowing of yolk utilization from intestinal lining cells. Arrest is not simply the result of lack of food, since the intestinal lining contains abundant yolk particles when it begins. The period of developmental arrest is not unlimited: around 20 days after egg deposition, the resultant tadpoles undergo progressive weight loss and eventually die; death occurred on average 27.5 days after egg deposition,under laboratory conditions. Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1994 Developmental arrest in Leptodactylus fuscus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae). 2: Does a foam-borne factor block development? Herpetological Journal 4 39-45 Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1994 Developmental arrest in Leptodactylus fuscus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae). 1: Descriptive analysis. Herpetological Journal 4 29-38 Journal Article Draper, Stan 1994 Book Review: Rat Snakes: A Hobbyist's Guide to Elaphe and Kin Intermontanus 3 3 22 Journal Article Draper, Stan 1994 Book review: Rat Snake: A Hobbyist's Guide to Elaphe and Kin Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 7 6 Journal Article Draper, Stan 1994 Book Review: The Natural History of West Indian Boas Intermontanus 3 5 34-35 Journal Article Draper, Stan 1994 Herpetoculture today: One person's thoughts Intermontanus 3 5 33-34 Journal Article Draud, Matthew;Ferner, John 1994 Podarcis muralis (commn wall lizard). USA: Kentucky Herpetological Review 25 1 33 Journal Article Dreher, Z.;Distler, C.;Dreher, B. 1994 Vitread proliferation of filamentous processes in avian Muller cells and its putative functional correlates J Comp Neurol 350 1 96-108 Alligators and Crocodiles/anatomy & histology/physiology; Animal; Chickens/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Comparative Study; Immunohistochemistry; Pigeons/*anatomy & histology/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vitreous Body/*cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure In order to examine to what extent the neuronal and metabolic activities of avascular vertebrate retinae are reflected in the morphology of their Muller cells we have studied (by using several monoclonal antibodies) the morphology of Muller cells in two species of diurnal birds (chicken, Gallus domesticus, and pigeon, Columba livia) and one species of nocturnal saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosi). In all three species, the outer nuclear layer is relatively thin and the Muller cell trunks divide into rootlets that wrap around the photoreceptors. In both diurnal birds studied, the trunks of Muller cells in the inner plexiform layers invariably divide into numerous fine filamentous processes that terminate in small expansions covering most of the vitreal surface of the retina. Furthermore, the networks of filamentous processes of birds' Muller cells exhibit conspicuous horizontal lamination in the inner plexiform layer. In contrast, the filamentous processes arising from the individual Muller cell trunks of the crocodile, if present, are much less numerous and less widely spread than those of diurnal birds. It is proposed that the splitting of the Muller cell trunks into numerous filamentous processes terminating in small vitreal expansions represents a morphological adaptation for: 1) effective spatial buffering of K+ ions in thick and presumably metabolically highly active, yet avascular, avian retinae, and 2) effective absorption and distribution of nutrients leaking from the vitreally located supplemental nutritive organ, the pecten. Journal Article Drew, M.L. 1994 Hypercalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia in Indigo Snakes (Drymarchon corais) and Serum Biochemical Reference Values Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 1 48-52 Indigo Snake; Drymarchon Corals; Hypercalcemia; Hyperphosphatemia; Serum Biochemistry Values; HEMATOLOGY Journal Article Driggers, Todd 1994 Metabolic bone disease: perspectives from a veterinary herpetoculturist Captive Breeding 2 4 10-15 Metabolic bone disease Journal Article Dronen, N.O. 1994 Utilization of the Trophic Structure of Small Pond Ecosystems by Helminths of Frogs, Rana catesbeiana and Rana utricularia Texas Journal of Science 46 2 173-186 Trophic Structure; Ecosystems; Helminths; Frogs; Rana Journal Article Dronen, N. O. 1994 Utilization of the trophic structure of small pond ecosystems by helminths of frogs, Rana catesbeiana andRana utricularia The Texas Journal of Science 46 2 173-186 Journal Article Drost, Charles A.;Fellers, Gary M. 1994 Decline of frog Species in the Yosemite Section of the Sierra Nevada Cooperative National Park Resouces Studies Unit, Technical Report NPS/WRUC/NRTR-94-02 iv + 56 + 8 Journal Article Dubin, A. E.;Dionne, V. E. 1994 Action potentials and chemosensitive conductances in the dendrites of olfactory neurons suggest new features for odor transduction J Gen Physiol 103 2 181-201 Action Potentials/drug effects/physiology; Animal; Cell Membrane/metabolism; Chloride Channels/metabolism; Cilia/physiology; Dendrites/drug effects/*physiology; DIDS/pharmacology; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro; Necturus; Neural Conduction/drug effects/*physiology; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/*physiology; Niflumic Acid/pharmacology; Olfactory Bulb/physiology; Potassium Channels/metabolism; Signal Transduction/drug effects/*physiology; Smell/drug effects/*physiology; Sodium Channels/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Odors affect the excitability of an olfactory neuron by altering membrane conductances at the ciliated end of a single, long dendrite. One mechanism to increase the sensitivity of olfactory neurons to odorants would be for their dendrites to support action potentials. We show for the first time that isolated olfactory dendrites from the mudpuppy Necturus maculosus contain a high density of voltage-activated Na+ channels and produce Na-dependent action potentials in response to depolarizing current pulses. Furthermore, all required steps in the transduction process beginning with odor detection and culminating with action potential initiation occur in the ciliated dendrite. We have previously shown that odors can modulate Cl- and K+ conductances in intact olfactory neurons, producing both excitation and inhibition. Here we show that both conductances are also present in the isolated, ciliated dendrite near the site of odor binding, that they are modulated by odors, and that they affect neuronal excitability. Voltage- activated Cl- currents blocked by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid and niflumic acid were found at greater than five times higher average density in the ciliated dendrite than in the soma, whereas voltage-activated K+ currents inhibited by intracellular Cs+ were distributed on average more uniformly throughout the cell. When ciliated, chemosensitive dendrites were stimulated with the odorant taurine, the responses were similar to those seen in intact cells: Cl- currents were increased in some dendrites, whereas in others Cl- or K+ currents were decreased, and responses washed out during whole-cell recording. The Cl- equilibrium potential for intact neurons bathed in physiological saline was found to be -45 mV using an on-cell voltage- ramp protocol and delayed application of channel blockers. We postulate that transduction of some odors is caused by second messenger-mediated modulation of the resting membrane conductance (as opposed to a specialized generator conductance) in the cilia or apical region of the dendrite, and show how this could alter the firing frequency of olfactory neurons. Journal Article Dubois, A.;Ohler, A. 1994 Keratodont formulae of anuran amphibian tadpoles: A new method of expression and comparison Annales Des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 15 4 163-166 anuran amphibians; tadpoles; keratodont formula; statistical comparison; nonparametric median test, Rana graeca Journal Article Dubois, A. 1994 Keratodont formulae in anuran tadpoles: Proposals for a standardization Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 32 4 297-318 anuran tadpoles; keratodont rows; formulae; standardization Journal Article Dubois, A.;Ohler., A. 1994 Formules dentaires des têtard d'Amphibiens Anoures: une nouvelle méthode d'expression et de comparaison Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, Paris 15 163-166 Journal Article Ducey, Peter K.;Dulkiewicz, Jennifer 1994 Ontogenetic variation in antipredator behavior of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens: comparisons of terrestrial adults and efts in field and laboratory tests Journal of Herpetology 28 4 530-533 SPOTTED NEWT; SALAMANDER; RAFINESQUE; PREDATION; TOXICITY; CYNOPS Journal Article Ducey, P.K.;Schramm, K.;Cambry, N. 1994 Interspecific Aggression Between the Sympatric Salamanders, Ambystoma maculatum and Plethodon cinereus American Midland Naturalist 131 2 320-329 RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; FACTOR INFLUENCING DISTRIBUTIONS; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; INTRASPECIFIC AGGRESSION; INTERFERENCE COMPETITION; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; PREDATION; DEFENSE; PREY Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Lizana, Miguel 1994 Biology of a sit-and-wait predator, the leptodactylid frog Ceratophrys cornuta Herpetologica 50 1 51-64 movements breeding growth feeding Anura; Ceratophrys-Cornuta; Movements; Breeding; Growth; Feeding Book Duellman, William E.;Trueb, Linda 1994 Biology of Amphibians Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press 670 Journal Article Duisebaeva, T. N.;Anan'eva, N. B. 1994 Obituary: Marat Dilmukhamedov (1940-1994) Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 2 185-186 Journal Article Dujardin, Luc 1994 Homeopathie in de kikkergeneeskunde [Homeopathy in the poison-dart frog] Terra 30 3 36-37 dendrobates tinctorius Book Dumoulin, Dorthee 1994 Antike Schildkröten Würzburg Königshausen & Neumann 185 + 27 plates Art; Literature; History; Chelonia; Turtles Book Dumoulin, Dorthee 1994 Antike Schildkröten [Turtles in Antiquity] Würzburg Königshausen & Neumann 185 + 27 plates Art; Literature; History; Chelonia; Turtles Journal Article Dunaev, E. A.;Orlova, V. F. 1994 Annotated checlist of amphibian type specimens collection of the Zoological Museum of M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 1 60-68 nomenclature anura Journal Article Duncan, Russell B.;Esque, Todd C.;Echols, Kristi L. 1994 Phrynosoma mcallii (flat-tailed horned lizard). Predation Herpetological Review 25 2 68 Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1994 Pseudemys concinna (cooter). Maximum size Herpetological Review 25 1 25 Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1994 Crotalus horridus (timber rattlesnake). Coloration Herpetological Review 25 1 28 Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1994 Crotalus horridus (timber rattlesnake). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 25 1 33-34 Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1994 Eleutherodactylus planirostris planirostris (greenhouse frog). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 25 4 160 Journal Article Dundee, Harold 1994 Comments on the proposed conservation of Hydromantes Gistel, 1848 by the designation of Salamandra genei Temminck & Schlegel, 1838 as the type species (Amphibia, Caudata) Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 51 2 150 Hydromantoides Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1994 Book Review: Reptiles and Amphibians of Cheyenne Bottoms Copeia 1994 4 1071-1072 Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1994 Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles: corrections, addenda, and comments Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 1-3 Edited Book Dundee, Harold A. 1994 The literature cited by Linnaeus in the amphibian and reptile section of Systema Naturae X Washington Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 54-61 translation Edited Book Dundee, Harold A. 1994 Current names for Linnaeus's herpetological species in Systema Naturae X Washington Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 41-53 translation Book Section Dunham, A. E. 1994 Reproductive ecology Vitt, L. J. and Pianka, E. R. Lizard Ecology: Historical and Experimental Perspectives Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press 1-5 reproduction, introduction, Journal Article Durett-edesset, M. C.;Benslimane, B.;Cassone, J.;Barton, D. P.;Chabaud, A. G. 1994 Johnpearsonia Gen-Nov and Johnpearsoniinae Subf-Nov (Molineoidea, Nematoda) from Bufo marinus, with Comments on the Primitive Trichostrongyle Parasites of Amphibians and Reptiles Parasite 1 2 153-160 Amphibia, anura, infection, nematode A new genus is proposed in the family Amphibiophilidae based on specimens parasitic in Bufo marinus from Australia : Johnpersonia. The species Amphibiophilus egerniae Johnston and Mawson, 1947, parasite of Australian lizard, is classified in this genus. The only genus that it is close to is Batrachonema Yuen, 1965, parasitic in malayian Ranidae and peruvian Bufonidae. The two genera were classified in a new subfamily : the Johnpearsoniinea mainly characterised with a bursa of the 1-3-1 type. Johnpearsonia is differentiated from Batrachonema in that the female is monodelphic and the dorsal lobe of the caudal bursa is not reduced. An analysis of the relationships between the other primitive genera of Trichostrongylina parasitic in poikilothermic animals is done. Journal Article Durettedesset, M.C.;Benslimane, B.;Cassone, J.;Barton, D.P.;Chabaud, A.G. 1994 Johnpearsonia Gen-Nov and Johnpearsoniinae Subf-Nov (Molineoidea, Nematoda) from Bufo marinus, with Comments on the Primitive Trichostrongyle Parasites of Amphibians and Reptiles Parasite - Journal de La Societe Francaise de Parasitologie 1 2 153-160 Nematoda; Primitive Trichostrongylina; Molineoidea; Johnpearsoniinge Subf Nov Johnpearsonia Gen Nov Poikilothermic Vertebrates; Australia Book Section Durrell, Gerald 1994 Forward Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 7 Journal Article Dutta, H.M.;Nassar, S.S.T.;Munshi, J.S.D.;Richmonds, C. 1994 Behavioral changes in an Air-Breathing fish, anabas testudineus, exposed to malathion Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 52 1 80-86 OPTOMOTOR BEHAVIOR; TOXICITY Book Dutta, Sushil K. 1994 Homeotic Transformation in Anurans Orissa ISRAG Publications vi, 69 Journal Article Dykstra, M. J. 1994 Ballistosporic conidia in Basidiobolus ranarum: The influence of light and nutrition on the production of conidia and endospores (sporangiospores) Mycologia 86 4 494-501 Amphibia, anura, Rana, infection, fungus, Basiodiobolus The process of endospore cleavage (sporangiospore formation) within what were originally ballistosporic conidia was examined with light and electron microscopy in two isolates of Basidiobolus ranarum. A pathogenic isolate was obtained from skin ulcers on a frog (Davis isolate) and a nonpathogenic isolate was obtained from toad feces (Toad isolate). Electron microscopy revealed that endospore formation was not the result of successive bipartitioning or progressive cleavage as previously described. Instead, the protoplasm of the ballistosporic conidium was bisected by a wall, thus dividing the conidium into one or more sporangia within which endospores (sporangiospores) were delimited. The walls segregating the conidial cytoplasm into sporangia were continuous with the inner layer of the original conidial wall. As spores were demarcated, some cytoplasmic debris was left in the space between the conidial/sporangial walls and the spore walls. After a period of 16 hours of low light levels, turning on the laboratory lights stimulated the formation and discharge of conidia with a peak in conidial discharge 5-6 hours later. Journal Article Dyson, M.L.;Henzi, S.P.;Passmore, N.I. 1994 The effect of changes in the relative timing of signals during female phonotaxis in the reed frog, Hyperolius marmoratus Animal Behaviour 48 3 679-685 SEXUAL SELECTION; CALLING BEHAVIOR; MATING SUCCESS; CHOICE; ANURA; TOAD Journal Article Eager, Walter 1994 Snakes strike victims as last defense HOTS Reptile Research 4 11 3-4 snake bite Journal Article Eastman, Clare L.;Eastman, Richard M. 1994 The captive breeding and husbandry of the Bibrons gecko (Pachydactylus bibronii) ASRA Journal 1994 13-16 Pachydactylus bibronii Journal Article Echeverria, D. D.;Gonzalez, B. N. 1994 Variacion estacional en la proporcion relativa de los estadios de la oogenesis en Bufo arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 30-38 Bufo arenarum Journal Article Echeverria, Dinorah Diana 1994 Metamorfosis en Bufo arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae): consideraciones acerca de la salida de los miembros anteriores de las larvas PHYSIS (Buenos Aires) 49 116-117 1-4 Journal Article Echeverria, Dinorah D.;Filipello, Ana M. 1994 Consideraciones acerca de la formula dentaria y del aparato bucal de las larvas de Odontophrynus occidentalis (Berg, 1896) (Anura, Leptodactylidae) PHYSIS (Buenos Aires) 49 116-117 59-63 Journal Article Echeverría, D. D.;Filipello., A. M. 1994 (1991). Consideraciones acerca de la formula dentaria y del aparato bucal de las larvas de Odontophrynus occidentalis (Berg, 1896)(Anura, Leptodactylidae Physis 49B 59-63 Journal Article Echeverría, D. D. 1994 (1991). Metamorphosis en Bufo arenarum (Anura, (Bufonidae): consideraciones acercade la salida de los miembros anteriores de las larvas Physis 49B 1-4 Journal Article Eckert, Scott;McDonald, Donna;Dutton, Peter 1994 Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle). Billfish interaction Herpetological Review 25 2 63-64 Book Eckert, S. A.;Crouse, D.T.;Crowder, L. B.;Maciena, M.;Shah, A. 1994 Review of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle headstart program US Department of Commerce, NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-OPR-3 11 kemps; conservation Journal Article Eckert, S. A.;McDonald, D.;Dutton, P. 1994 Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback sea turtle): billfish interaction 25 2 63 leatherback Book Section Edgar, Paul 1994 A captive breeding and release programme for sand lizards and natterjack toads at Marwell Zoological Park: an appeal for sponsorship Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 21-31 lacerta agilis bufo calamita Journal Article Edmonds, J.S.;Shibata, Y.;Prince, R.I.T.;Francesconi, K.A.;Morita, M. 1994 Arsenic Compounds in Tissues of the Leatherback Turtle, Dermochelys coriacea Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74 2 463-466 PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ARSENOCHOLINE; SPECIATION; IDENTIFICATION; ARSENOBETAINE Journal Article Edwards, Jon 1994 Some unusual physiological responses to feeding in snakes Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 3 129-130 Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas W. 1994 Book Review: Reptiles and Amphibians of Cheyenne Bottoms Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 4 1 1;3 Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas W. 1994 Boas & pythons: The big guys Reptiles 1 3 36-51 captivity boa constrictor epicrates cenchria eunectes murinus notaeus lichanura trivirgata candoia carinata acrantophis dumerili python regius sebae molurus reticulatus curtus liasis childreni morelia spilotes Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas W. 1994 Book Review: Understanding Reptile Parasites: A Basic Manual for Herpetoculturists & Veterinarians Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 4 4 4 Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas W. 1994 Book Review: So, You Like Turtles Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 4 5 1 Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas W. 1994 You can't judge a book by its cover ... or an expo by its ad Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 4 5 3 Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas W. 1994 Labor day ... literally! Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 4 5 4 Book Egli, Hans 1994 Das Schlangensymbol: Geschichte, Märchen, Mythos Druck Walter 324 Mythology; Snakes; History Journal Article Ehmann, Harold 1994 Support for amateur herpetology by the Second World Congress of Herpetology Herpetofauna 24 1 1 Journal Article Ehmann, Harold 1994 Amateur herpetology in Australasia: Its history, roles, status, problems and future Herpetofauna 24 1 6-12 Journal Article Ehret, G.;Keilwerth, E.;Kamada, T. 1994 The lung-eardrum pathway in three treefrog and four dendrobated frog species: Some properties of sound transmission Journal of Experimental Biology 195 329-343 amphibian hearing; auditory periphery; lung-eardrum pathway; tympanum vibration; frogs; MATING CALL RECOGNITION; DIRECTIONAL HEARING; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; BARKING TREEFROG; HYLA-CINEREA; LOCALIZATION; BIOPHYSICS; VIBRATIONS; ANURANS; SYSTEMS Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W.;Ripca, Michael;Ripca, Janet 1994 Ctenosaura husbandry notes Iguana Times 3 2 8 Journal Article El-Oran, Ratib M.;Al-Melhem, Walid N.;Amr, Zuhair S. 1994 Snakes of southern Jordan Boll. Zool. 61 359-367 Journal Article Elbin, S.B.;Burger, J. 1994 Implantable Microchips for Individual Identification in Wild and Captive Populations Wildlife Society Bulletin 22 4 677-683 Identification; Marking; Microchips; Transponders; PINE SNAKES PITUOPHIS; MELANOLEUCUS; BARRENS Journal Article Elbin, S.B.;Burger, J. 1994 Implantable microchips for individual identification in wild and captive populations Wildlife Society Bulletin 22 667-683 tagging Journal Article Elfström, Bruce 1994 "Muy Dificil" Iguana Times 3 2 2-8 ctenosaura similis defensor yucatan Journal Article Elfström, Bruce 1994 The Paleate Spiny-tailed iguana, Ctenosaura palearis Stejneger: distribution and life history Iguana Times 3 4 1-9 habitat captive care Journal Article Elinson, R.P. 1994 Leg development in a frog without a tadpole (Eleutherodactylus coqui) J Exp Zool 270 2 202-210 THYROID-HORMONE; METAMORPHOSIS; RECEPTOR; EXPRESSION; ONTOGENY; XENOPUS Journal Article Eloran, R.M.;Almelhem, W.N.;Amr, Z.S. 1994 Snakes of Southern Jordan Bollettino di Zoologia 61 4 359-367 Journal Article Elsey, Ruth M.;Joanen, Ted;McNease, Larry 1994 Ectopia cordis in hatchling Alligator mississipiensis Herpetological Review 25 3 114-115 Book Section Elsey, R.M.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1994 Captive breeding of alligators and other crocodilians Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Book Section Elsey, R.M.;Joanen, T.;McNease, L. 1994 Louisiana's alligator research and management program: an update Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 1. ISBN 2-8317-0238-0. xii + 309 pp. 199-229 Journal Article Elsey, R.M.;Joanen, T;McNease, L 1994 Ectopia cordis in hatchling Alligator mississippiensis Herpetol. Rev. 25 3 114-115 AM, disease Journal Article Emerson, S.B. 1994 Testing Pattern Predictions of Sexual Selection - A Frog Example American Naturalist 143 5 848-869 EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY; DIMORPHISM; DESIGN; CONSTRAINTS; PHYLOGENIES; ADAPTATION; HYPOTHESES; CHARACTERS; SPECIATION; FORM Journal Article Emerson, Sharon 1994 Testing pattern predictions of sexual selection: A frog example The American Naturalist 143 5 848-869 Journal Article Emmrich, R.;Obst, Fritz J. 1994 Zum Gedenken an Dr. habil. Hans Schiemenz (24/2/1920 - 27/12/1990) Zeitchrift für Feldherpetologie 1 1/2 193-196 Journal Article Endler, P.C.;Pongratz, W.;Kastberger, G.;Wiegant, F.A.C.;Schulte, J. 1994 The Effect of Highly Diluted Agitated Thyroxine on the Climbing Activity of Frogs Veterinary and Human Toxicology 36 1 56-59 Journal Article Enge, Kevin M. 1994 Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus (eastern slender glass lizard). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 25 4 165 Journal Article Enge, Kevin M. 1994 Ophisaurus compressus (Island glass lizard). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 25 4 165 Journal Article Enge, Kevin M. 1994 Rhadinaea flavilata (pine woods snake). USA: Florida Herpetological Review 25 4 168 Journal Article Engeman, Richard M.;Delutes, James J., III 1994 Pituophis melanoleucus deserticola (Great Basin gopher snake). Behavior Herpetological Review 25 3 125 Utah Journal Article Engeman, Richard M. 1994 Apalone spinifera (Spiny softshell). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 25 4 162 Journal Article Engler, Dennis 1994 Helpful herp hints or never say die Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 6 11 Journal Article Engler, Dennis 1994 Helpful herp hints Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 12 281 Journal Article Enright, Malcolm 1994 1993 President's report Scales and Tales 8 2 2 Journal Article Ensinck, F. 1994 Aanleg en onderhoud van de tuinvijver [Construction and maintenance of the garden pond] Terra 30 6 82-86 Journal Article Ensinck, F. 1994 Aanleg en onderhoud van de tuinvijver 2. Terra 30 7 98-102;107 Book Section Eriksen, A. E. 1994 Breeding of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in the southern hemisphere Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 170-174 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H.;Zug, George R. 1994 Observations on the reproductive biology of the spotted turtle, Clemmys guttata, in southeastern Pennsylvania Journal of Herpetology 28 1 99-102 gametogenic cycle Journal Article Ernst, Carl 1994 Roger Barbour 1919-1993 Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 5 3-4 Book Ernst, Carl H.;Lovich, Jeffrey E.;Barbour, Roger W. 1994 Turtles of the United States and Canada Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press 578 Book Ernst, C.H.;J.E. Lovich, R.W. Barbour 1994 Turtles of the United States and Canada Washington, DC. Smithsonian Inst. Press. 313 Book Ernst, Carl H.;Lovich, Jeffrey E.;Barbour, Roger W. 1994 (2000) Turtles of the United States and Canada Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution xxxviii + 578 + 32 plates Book Section Erspamer, Vittorio 1994 Bioactive secretions of the amphibian integument Heatwole, Harold and Barthalmus, George T. Amphibian Biology. Volume I. The Integument Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons PTY Ltd 1 178-350 Book Erspamer, V. 1994 Bioactive secretions of the amphibian integument 43 Rickard Road, Chipping Norton NSW 2170, Australia Surrey Beatty & Sons 178-350 Amphibia, anura, urodeles, physiology, skin, integument, venom, secretions Journal Article Espanosa, Juan Alfonso Delgadillo;Villela, Oscar Flores;Quijano, Fernando Mendoza;Alberto, Carlos Camacho 1994 Eleutherodactylus nitidus (NCN). México: Querétaro Herpetological Review 25 2 74 Journal Article Espanosa, Juan Alfonso Delgadillo;Villela, Oscar Flores;Quijano, Fernando Mendoza;Alberto, Carlos Camacho 1994 Phrynohyas venulosa (NCN). México: Hidalgo Herpetological Review 25 2 74 Journal Article Espenshade, William H. 1994 "Will this be on the test?" Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 4 33-35 Book Section Esque, Todd C.;Peters, Eric L. 1994 Ingestion of bones, stones, and soil by desert tortoises Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 105-111 gopherus agassizii bone eating nutrition soil ingestion stones in diet Utah Journal Article Esteban, I.;Filella, E.;García-París, M.;Menorca, G. O. B.;Martín, C.;Pérez-Mellado, V.;Zapirain, E. P. 1994 Atlas provisional de la distribución geográfica de la herpetofauna de Menorca (Islas Baleares, España) [Provisional atlas of the geographic distribution of amphibians and reptiles of Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)] Revista Española de Herpetología 8 19-28 Distribution; Amphibians; Reptiles; Balearic Islands; Spain; Bufo viridis; Hyla meridionalis; testudo hermanni; Emys orbicularis; Hemidactylus turcicus; Tarentola mauritanica; Lacerta perspicillata; Podarcis lilfordi; Podarcis sicula; Elaphe scalaris; Macroprotodon cucullatus; Natrix maura Journal Article Etoh, M.;Yoshii, K. 1994 Electrophysiological responses of Xenopus oocytes to amino acids: Criteria for expression of injected mRNA coding chemoreceptors Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 109 2 361-367 voltage-clamp; amino acids; Xenopus oocytes; Na+-dependence; pH-dependence; kinetics; current-voltage relations; taste; olfaction; mRNA; MESSENGER-RNA; TRANSPORT; RECEPTORS; LAEVIS Journal Article Ettling, Jeff 1994 Book Review: The Natural History of West Indian Boas Notes From NOAH 21 10 9-11 Journal Article Evans, Gareth 1994 Constrictive practices Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1994 September 4-5 Journal Article Evans, Christine M.;Brodie, Edmund D., Jr 1994 Adhesive strength of amphibian skin secretions Journal of Herpetology 28 4 499-502 antipredator mechanisms Journal Article Evans, Gareth M. 1994 Conservation and conflict in amphibian habitats: An overview Herptile 19 4 177-186 Journal Article Evans, Glyn 1994 Breeding of the greater plated lizard (Gerrhosaurus major) at the Cotswold Wildlife Park ASRA Journal 1994 17-22 Gerrhosaurus major Journal Article Ewald, D. A.;Roper, S. D. 1994 Bidirectional synaptic transmission in Necturus taste buds J Neurosci 14 6 3791-804 Animal; Chemoreceptors/physiology; Electric Stimulation/methods; Electrophysiology; Microelectrodes; Necturus maculosus; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology; Serotonin/pharmacology; Stimulation, Chemical; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Synapses/*physiology; *Synaptic Transmission; Taste Buds/cytology/drug effects/*physiology Pairs of taste cells were impaled with intracellular recording microelectrodes in intact taste buds in slices of Necturus lingual epithelium. Applying short pulses of 140 mM KCl or 200 mM CaCl2 solutions to the apical pore elicited receptor potentials in taste receptor cells. Chemostimulation of receptor cells elicited postsynaptic responses in basal cells in the taste bud. Postsynaptic responses in basal cells had a threshold for activation and did not saturate with increasing doses of chemical stimulus applied to the receptor cells. We directly depolarized individual receptor cells and tested whether this would evoke postsynaptic responses in basal cells. Depolarizing receptor cells to approximately 0 mV evoked small depolarizing responses in basal cells in 16% of the experiments. The properties of these responses were consistent with their being mediated by a chemical synapse. A comparison of the responses in basal cells evoked by depolarizing single receptor cells, with responses evoked by stimulating the entire receptor cell population with KCl suggests that there is extensive synaptic convergence from receptor cells onto each basal cell. We also tested whether electrical excitation of basal cells would elicit (retrograde) synaptic responses in receptor cells. Single depolarizing pulses (up to 1 sec duration) applied to basal cells through the intracellular recording microelectrode never evoked synaptic responses in receptor cells. However, when repetitive electrical stimuli were applied to basal cells (four to six 1 sec depolarizations to approximately 0 mV every 12 sec) we observed prolonged effects on receptor cells in 11 of 23 experiments. These effects included an increase in the amplitude of receptor potentials elicited by KCI (mean +/- SD = +19 +/- 5%), an increase in membrane input resistance of receptor cells (+27 +/- 11%), and a hyperpolarization of receptor cells (3-10 mV). In control experiments, repetitive stimulation of one receptor cell never elicited such effects in another receptor cell. We investigated the possibility that serotonin (5-HT), released from basal cells, mediated the above modulatory effects on receptor cells. Bath-applied 5-HT (100 microM) mimicked the effects produced by repetitive basal cell stimulation (KCI responses increased by 23 +/- 12%; input resistance increased by 24 +/- 11%; hyperpolarization of 5-15 mV; N = 14). We conclude that basal cells release 5-HT onto adjacent taste receptor cells and that this enhances the electrotonic propagation of receptor potentials from the apical (chemosensitive) tip to the basal (synaptic) processes of receptor cells. The net effect is that activation of basal cells effectively increases the chemosensitivity of taste receptor cells. Journal Article Ewert, M.A.;Jackson, D.R.;Nelson, C.E. 1994 Patterns of temperature-dependent sex determination in turtles Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 1 3-15 CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; INCUBATION-TEMPERATURE; TRACHEMYS-SCRIPTA; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; SNAPPING TURTLE; PAINTED TURTLES; RATIO; REPTILES; DIFFERENTIATION; POPULATIONS Journal Article Exbrayat, J.M.;Hraouibloquet, S. 1994 An Example of Heterochrony - The Metamorphosis in Gymnophiona Bulletin de La Societe Zoologique de France - Evolution et Zoologie 119 2 117-126 DERMOPHIS-MEXICANUS AMPHIBIA; TYPHLONECTES-COMPRESSICAUDUS; ICHTHYOPHIS AMPHIBIA; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; SKIN; CAECILIA; REPLACEMENT; EVOLUTION Journal Article Exbrayat, J. M.;Hraoui Bloquet, S. 1994 An example of heterochrony: The metamorphosis in Gymnophiona Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France Evolution et Zoologie 119 2 117-126 Aquatic Larval Phase; Viviparity Metamorphosis has been little studied in Gymnophiona, a group of primitive Amphibians. The examination of several facts observed permitted us to show that heterochronies could be observed during this phase of the life. These heterochronies bring on a reduction of the aquatic larval phase. This phenomenon is complicated by the presence of numerous cases of viviparity. It also seems that, in a general manner, the tendency is to a reduction of metamorphosis time in Amphibians. Journal Article Exbrayat, J. M.;Hraouibloquet, S. 1994 An example of heterochrony - the metamorphosis in Gymnophiona Bulletin de la société Zoologique de France 199 117-126 Journal Article Ezendam, Thomas 1994 De axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) [the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)] Het Terrarium 12 5 95-96 Journal Article Fabrezi, M.;Villanueva, T. 1994 Los nervios trigémino y facial en larvas de Ceratophrys cranwelli y Dermatonotus muelleri Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 12-14 Ceratophrys cranwelli; Dermatonotus muelleri Journal Article Fabrezi, M.;García., G. 1994 Metamorfosis del aparato hiobranquial en Pleurodema borellii y Ceratophrys cranwelli (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Acta Zool. Lilloana 42 189-196 Journal Article Fairchild, P. J.;Macgregor, H. C. 1994 Lampbrush chromosomes. Asymmetric loops Curr Biol 4 10 919 Animal; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure; Female; Notophthalmus viridescens/*genetics Although the study of lampbrush chromosomes has proved highly informative over the years, some aspects of their structure remain strangely enigmatic. Journal Article Faivovich, Julian 1994 Scinax nasica (NCN). Argentina: Provincia de Buenos Aires Herpetological Review 25 2 75 Journal Article Faivovich, J. 1994 Primer registro de Scinax nasica (Cope, 1862) para la provincia de Buenos Aires y breves notas sobre su biología Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 36 Scinax nasica Journal Article Faivovich, Julian 1994 La distribucion del genero Lepidobatrachus (Budget, 1899) (Leptodactylidae: Ceratophryinae) Acta Zoologica Lilloana 43 1 105-115 Journal Article Farbman, A.I. 1994 The Cellular Basis of Olfaction Endeavour 18 1 2-8 RECEPTOR NEURONS; CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDES; TRANSDUCTION; CILIA; CONDUCTANCE; SALAMANDER; ODORANT; MEDIATE; CELLS; CALCIUM Journal Article Farley, Greg H.;Stuart, James N. 1994 Sceloporus spinosus spinosus (NCN). Behavior Herpetological Review 25 1 27 Journal Article Farley, Howard 1994 First aid for bites and stings Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 1994 73 5-6 Journal Article Farley, Howard 1994 First aid for bites and stings. Part II Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 1994 74 13-15 Journal Article Farndell, Rick 1994 The care and breeding of the Argentine horned frog (Ceratophrys ornata) Reptilian 2 8 26-33 Ceratophrys ornata Journal Article Farrell, A.P.;Franklin, C.E.;Arthur, P.G.;Thorarensen, H.;Cousins, K.L. 1994 Mechanical performance of an in situ perfused heart from the turtle Chrysemys scripta during normoxia and anoxia at 5 degrees C and 15 degrees C Journal of Experimental Biology 191 207-229 temperature; heart; anoxia; heart rate; cardiac output; turtle; Chrysemys scripta; CORONARY-ARTERY PERFUSION; BLOOD ACID-BASE; CARDIAC-PERFORMANCE; TROUT HEART; PICTA-BELLII; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; PROLONGED SUBMERGENCE; CHELONIA-MYDAS; RAINBOW-TROUT; IONIC CHANGES Journal Article Fauth, John E.;Welter, Stephanie M. 1994 Nerodia sipedon (northern water snake). Fatality Herpetological Review 25 1 29 Journal Article Fawke, Spider 1994 Lizard Lunch, Part I New York Herpetological Society Newsletter 1994 151 3 food crickets captivity Journal Article Fawke, Spider 1994 Lizard lunch, part 1 Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 12 8 Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1994 Six weeks among the 'giant slugs' of Chappell Island (1990) Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 5 3 113-119 Notechis ater Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1994 Tiger snakes in Tasmania Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 5 3 121-130 Notechis ater distribution habitst size growth maturation reproduction prey food Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1994 The Christmas Island campaign Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 5 3 147-151 Notechis ater Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1994 Some observations on the ecology of the copperhead Austrelaps superbus (Serpentes: Elapidae) in Tasmania Herpetofauna 24 2 1-10 taxonomy morphology distribution habitat size range growth reproduction Prey Journal Article Feeney, G. 1994 Snake to Tackle Cane Toad Invasion Search 25 7 209 Journal Article Feingold, Oded 1994 Thoughts on keeping venomous reptiles Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 5 1-2 Journal Article Feldmann, Reiner;Schlüpmann, Martin 1994 Wolgang Fellenberg (10/1/1933 - 9/1/1993) Zeitchrift für Feldherpetologie 1 1/2 197-199 Journal Article Feldner, Jerry 1994 Arizona Game & Fish indicts California snake poacher Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 4 7 Journal Article Feminella, J.W.;Hawkins, C.P. 1994 Tailed Frog Tadpoles Differentially Alter Their Feeding Behavior in Response to Non-Visual Cues from 4 Predators Journal of the North American Benthological Society 13 2 310-320 Amphibians; Ascaphus-Truei; Dicamptodon; Giant Salamanders; Non-Visual Cues; Predator-Prey; Tadpoles; Tailed Frog; Sculpins; Stream Journal Article Feminella, J. W.;Hawkins., C. P. 1994 Tailed frog tadpoles differentially alter their feeding behavior in response to non-visual cues from four predators J. North American Benthol. Soc. 13 310-320 Journal Article Feng, A. S.;Lin, W. Y.;Sun, L. 1994 Detection of gaps in sinusoids by frog auditory nerve fibers: importance in AM coding Journal of Comparative Physiology A 175 531-546 neuroethology, Rana pipiens, Ranidae, Amphibia, Anura, acoustic communication, Journal Article Feng, A. S.;Lin, W. Y. 1994 Phase-locked response characteristics of single neurons in the frog "cochlear nucleus" to steady-state and sinusoidal-amplitude-modulate tones Journal of Neurophysiology 72 5 2209-2221 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, neuroethology, Journal Article Fenolio, Dante 1994 To Peru in search of tropical anurans Vivarium 5 4 18-21;36 Journal Article Fenolio, Dante 1994 Beginning with anurans Bulletin of The Alberta Reptile and Amphibian Society 3 1 13-16 Journal Article Fenolio, Danté 1994 Through the eye of the amphibian Vivarium 6 2 18-21 Journal Article Fenolio, Danté 1994 Natural history and captive husbandry notes on Lehmann's dart poison frog (Dendrobates lehmanni) Vivarium 6 3 52-54 Journal Article Fenske, Reiner;Kretzschmar, Klaus 1994 Haltung und aufzucht der Mauereideche Podarcis muralis merremia (Risso, 1826) im Wintergarten des Tierparks Leverkusen Sauria 16 1 11-14 Podarcis muralis merremia; Reptilia; Sauria; Lacertilidae; Color variability; Husbandry; Hibernation; Breeding; Juveniles Book Section Ferguson, Gary W. 1994 Old World chameleons in captivity: Growth, maturity, and reproduction of Malagasy panther chameleons (Chamaeleo pardalis) Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 323-331 Journal Article Fernando, Prithiviraj;Dayawansa, Nihal;Siriwardhane, Mehendra 1994 Bufo kotagamai, a new toad (Bufonidae) from Sri Lanka Journal of South Asian Natural History 1 1 119-124 Journal Article Ferri, Dino 1994 Red foot tortoise HOTS Reptile Research 4 6 3-4 geochelone carbonaria Journal Article Ferri, Dino 1994 Trek to Florida-1994 HOTS Reptile Research 4 10 5-6 Book Ferri, Vincenzo 1994 Las Serpientes de España y Europa Barcelona De Vecchi, S.A. 158 Journal Article Field, Ray 1994 Developing husbandry techniques to breed pythons in captivity Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 19 11-16 aspidites melanocephalus liasis maculosus fuscus olivaceus morelia amethistina spilota viridis chondropython Journal Article Fielden, L.J.;Rechav, Y. 1994 Attachment Sites of the Tick Amblyomma marmoreum on Its Tortoise Host, Geochelone pardalis Experimental & Applied Acarology 18 6 339-349 Ticks; Amblyomma-Marmoreum; Tortoises; Attachment Sites; Geochelone-Pardalis Journal Article Figueredo, Danielle 1994 Sea turtles Tampa Bay Herpetological Society Newsletter 7 4 5-7 lepidochelys olivacea kempi dermochelys chenonia mydas Journal Article Figueroa, Janell 1994 The barking treefrog Wisconsin Herpetological Society 1994 July 13-14 Journal Article Filadelfi, A.M.C.;Castrucci, A.M.D. 1994 Melatonin desensitizing effects on the in vitro responses to MCH, alpha-MSH, isoproterenol and melatonin in pigment cells of a fish (S. marmoratus), a toad (B. ictericus), a frog (R. pipiens), and a lizard (A. carolinensis), exposed to varying photoperiodic regimens Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 109 4 1027-1037 melatonin; melanocyte-stimulating hormone; melanin-concentrating hormone; isoproterenol; pigment cells; photoperiodic regimens; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; MELANOTROPIC PEPTIDES; STIMULATING-HORMONE; SKIN BIOASSAY; PINEAL-GLAND; RECEPTORS; MELANOPHORES; INVITRO; AGGREGATION; ANTAGONIZES Journal Article Filipello, A. M.;Crespo, F. A. 1994 Alimentacion de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Anura: Bufonidae) Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 18-24 Melanophryniscus stelzneri Journal Article Fincke, Ola 1994 Population regulation of a tropical damselfly in the larval stage by food limitation, cannibalism, intraguild predation and habitat drying Oecologia 100 118-127 Megaloprepus coerulatus Journal Article Finkelman, S.;Paperna, I. 1994 The endogenous development of three new intranuclear species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from agamid lizards Systematic Parasitology 27 3 213-226 SNAKE COLUBER-JUGULARIS; COCCIDIA APICOMPLEXA; FINE-STRUCTURE; OOCYSTS; EIMERIORINA; EPITHELIUM; REPTILES; GECKOES; SKINK Journal Article Finkelman, S.;Paperna, I. 1994 The endogenous development of two new species of isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from skinks Syst Parasitol 27 3 227-235 Reptilia, sauria, Cryptoblepharus virgatus, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, isospora I. cryptoblephari, Two new species of Isospora are described from skinks, I. cryptoblephari n. sp. in Cryptoblepharus virgatus and I. delmae n. sp. in Delma nasuta, both collected in Australia. I, cryptoblephari oocysts are ellipsoidal to subspherical, 17.5-22.5 x 25.0-30.0 mu m with two ovoid sporocysts, 9.0-10.0 x 12.5-14.0 mu m. I. delmae oocysts are spherical to subspherical, 16.5-19.0 x 16.5-20.0 mu m with two ovoid sporocysts, 5.0-6.5 x 9.0-12.5 mu m. These species of Isospora had two sporocysts, each containing four sporozoites and a characteristic Stieda body. A study of endogenous stages in the host's intestine revealed that I. cryptoblephari develops in the nucleus and I. delmae in the cytoplasm of the host's gut epithelial cell. In the former, both merogony and gamogony occurred in the nucleus. Reprint Endnote 94/220 Journal Article Finley, Robert B.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Field observations of salivary digestion of rodent tissue by the wandering garter snake, Thamnophis elegans vagrans Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 1 5-6 Journal Article Fiorito, L.;Hermida, G. 1994 Anatomía microscopica del pulmon de Bufo arenarum Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 11-12 Bufo arenarum Journal Article Fischer, R.U.;Scott, D.E.;Congdon, J.D.;Busa, S.A. 1994 Mass dynamics during embryonic development and parental investment in cottonmouth neonates Journal of Herpetology 28 3 364-369 POSTHATCHING YOLK RESERVES; NUTRITIONAL PROVISION; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; TURTLES; SIZE; EGGS; ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; COMPONENTS; EVOLUTION Journal Article Fitzgerald, Mark 1994 Notes on the ecology of the dwarf crowned snake (Cacophis kreffti) in northeastern NSW Herpetofauna 24 2 11-13 habitat microhabitat activity diet squamulosus Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee 1994 The interplay between life history and environmental stochasticity: implications for the management of exploited lizard populations American Zoologist 34 371-381 Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee A.;Porini, Gustavo;Lichtschein, Victoria 1994 El manejo de Tupinambis en Argentina: Historia, estado actual y perspectivas futuras Interciencia 19 1-5 Tupinambis, Lagartos, Argentina, Recursos naturales renovables Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee A. 1994 Tupinambis lizards and people: A sustainable use approach to conservation and development Conservation Biology 8 12-16 Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee A. 1994 The interplay between life history and environmental stochasticity: Implications for the management of exploited lizard populations American Zool. 34 371-381 life history, enviromental stochasticity, lizards, exploited populations Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee;Porini, Gustavo;Lichtschein, Victoria 1994 El manejo de Tupinambis en Argentina: Historia, estado actual y perspectivas futuras Interciencia 19 4 No page numbers Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee 1994 The interplay between life history and environmental stochasticity: Implications for the management of exploited lizard populations Amer. Zool. 34 371-381 Tupinambis, sustainable use as a tool for conservation Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee 1994 Tupinambis lizards and people: A sustainable use approach to conservation and development Conservation Biology 8 1 12-16 Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee A. 1994 Tupinambis lizards and people: a sustainable use approach to conservation and development Conservation Biology 8 1 12-16 Journal Article Fitzgerald, Lee A.;Porini, Gustavo;Lichtschein, Victoria 1994 El manejo de Tupinambis en Argentina: historia, estado actual y perspectivas futuras Interciencia 19 4 166-170 Journal Article Fleagle, Glenn 1994 In search of fire-breathing dragons Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 76-77 Varanus komodoensis Journal Article Fleishman, D.G.;Nikiforov, V.A.;Saulus, A.A.;Vasilieva, V.F. 1994 Endogenous lithium clearance as a probable measure of end-proximal fluid delivery in the amphibian kidneys: A study of renal water and Na+ reabsorption in the hydrated and dehydrated frog Rana temporaria Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 108 2-3 179-188 Rana temporaria; lithium clearance; renal water reabsorption; hydrated frog; dehydrated frog; amphibian kidneys; TUBULES; SECRETION; TELEOST; SODIUM Journal Article Fleming, A. F. 1994 Seasonal variation in plasma and corpus luteum oestradiol-17B and progesterone concentrations of the lizard Cordylus p. polyzonus (Sauria: Cordylidae) S. Afr. J. Zool. 29 2 87-92 reptiles, lizards, reproduction, hormones, Journal Article Fleming, A. F. 1994 Male and female reproductive cycles of the viviparous lizard, Mabuya capensis (Sauria: Scincidae) from South Africa Journal of Herpetology 28 3 334-341 reptiles, life history, rainfall, photoperiod, temperature, lipids, fat, seasonal variation, clutch size, Journal Article Flemming, A.F. 1994 Seasonal Variation in Plasma and Corpus Luteum Oestradiol-17 beta and Progesterone Concentrations of the Lizard Cordylus p. polyzonus (Sauria, Cordylidae) South African Journal of Zoology - Suid - Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Dierkunde 29 2 87-92 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; OVARIAN CYCLE; STEROIDS; VITELLOGENESIS; PARAMETERS; TURTLE Journal Article Flemming, A.F. 1994 Male and female reproductive cycles of the viviparous lizard, Mabuya capensis (Sauria: Scincidae) from South Africa Journal of Herpetology 28 3 334-341 POLYZONUS-POLYZONUS SAURIA; OVARIAN CYCLE; CORDYLIDAE; TEMPERATURE; TURTLE Journal Article Flemming, A. F. 1994 Reproductive cycles of the snakes Psammophis crucifer, P. leightoni trinasalis and P. notostictus (Serpentes: Colubridae) in the Orange Free State, South Africa Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 43 19-27 Psammophis crucifer; Psammophis leightoni trinasalis; Psammophis notostictus; Africa; Reproductive cycles Journal Article Flores, Glenn;Vigle, Gregory O. 1994 A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the lowland rainforests of Amazonian Ecuador, with notes on the Eleutherodactylus frater assembly Journal of Herpetology 28 4 416-424 librarius sp. nov. ockendeni ecology Journal Article Flores, Deborah;Tousignant, Alan;Crews, David 1994 Incubation temperature affects the behavior of adult leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) Physiology & Behavior 55 6 1067-1072 temperature dependent sex determination aggression attractiveness ovariectomy Journal Article Flores, Glenn;Lenzycki, John H.;Joseph Palumbo, Jr. 1994 An ecological study of the endemic Hispaniolan anoline lizard, Chamaelinorops barbouri (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) Breviora 499 1-23 ecology, Hispaniola, anoline lizard, Lacertilia, Iguanidae Book Flores Villela, Oscar;Gerez, Patricia 1994 Biodiversidad y conservación en México: vertebrados, vegetación y uso del suelo Ciudad Universitaria, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 439 Mexico; Conservation; Biodiversity; Herpetofauna Journal Article Flores-Nava, A.;Olvera-Novoa, M. A.;Gasca-Leyva., E. 1994 A comparison of the effects of three water-circulation regimes on the aquaculture of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) tadpoles Aquaculture 128 105-114 Book Flores-Villela, Oscar A.;Gerez, Patricia 1994 Biodiversidad y conservación en México: vertebrados, vegetación y uso del suelo Mexico Comision Nacional para Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y Universidad nacional Autonoma de Mexico xvi, 1-439 Journal Article Floresnava, A.;Olveranovoa, M.A.;Gascaleyva, E. 1994 A Comparison of the Effects of 3 Water-Circulation Regimes on the Aquaculture of Bullfrog (Rana Catesbeiana Shaw) Tadpoles Aquaculture 128 1-2 105-114 Rana-Catesbiana; Water Management; Growth Amphibians Journal Article Floros, J.D.;Liang, H.H. 1994 Acoustically assisted diffusion through membranes and biomaterials Food Technology 48 12 79-84 CAVITATION SERIES; BUBBLE PHENOMENA; SOUND FIELDS; FROG-SKIN; ULTRASOUND; HEAT; SONOCHEMISTRY; PARAMETERS Journal Article Fluker, David 1994 What's the nutritional value of a cricket? Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 12 8 6 Journal Article Fogel, Gary 1994 The live birth of an armadillo lizard, Cordylus cataphractus Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 1 8-9 Journal Article Fogel, Dave 1994 Boa constrictors in captivity: with notes on subspecies Captive Breeding 2 4 4-8 Boa constrictor Journal Article Fontenot, Lance W.;Noblet, Gayle P.;Platt, Steven G. 1994 Rotenone hazards to amphibians and reptiles Herpetological Review 25 4 150-154;156 rana pipiens ambystoma tigrinum bufo japonicus sphenocephala xenopus laevis Journal Article Ford, N.B.;Seigel, R.A. 1994 An Experimental Study of the Trade-Offs Between Age and Size at Maturity - Effects of Energy Availability Functional Ecology 8 1 91-96 Elaphe; Growth; Life-History Traits; Snakes Journal Article Ford, Paula 1994 Hard times for frogs Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 8 6-7 Book Section Ford, Neil B.;Seigel, Richard A. 1994 Phenotypic plasticity: Implications for captive-breeding and conservation programs Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 175-182 Journal Article Ford, N.B.;Seigel, R.A. 1994 An experimental study of the trade-offs between age and size at maturity: effects of energy availability Functional Ecology 8 91-96 elaphe, growth, life-history traits, snakes Journal Article Forester, andrew 1994 Notes on anoles Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 7 76-77 anolis Journal Article Forestier, Jose 1994 Ecuador: crocodile and caiman farm Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 14-15 Journal Article Forks, T. P. 1994 Evaluation and treatment of poisonous snakebites Am Fam Physician 50 1 123-30, 135 Snakebite victims should be transported immediately to the nearest emergency department. Incision and suction are contraindicated unless performed by experienced personnel within five minutes of the bite, or unless transport of the patient to definitive medical care will take more than 30 minutes. Cryotherapy is contraindicated. All bites should be graded for severity of envenomation. The wound should be cleaned and broad-spectrum antibiotics administered. Tetanus status should be determined and tetanus toxoid administered if necessary. Antivenin is indicated in certain mild cases and in all moderate and severe cases of envenomation. Patients with a mild case of envenomation may require up to five vials of antivenin; patients with moderate bites may require 10 to 15 vials, and patients with severe bites may require 15 to 20 vials. Antivenin is effective only when administered intravenously; skin testing to predict the possibility of anaphylactic reaction is mandatory before administration. Diphenhydramine and epinephrine should be readily available in case of anaphylaxis. Fasciotomy is only indicated in rare cases involving elevated intracompartment pressures. Journal Article Formas, J.R.;Brieva, L. 1994 Advertisement Calls and Relationships of Chilean Frogs Eupsophus contulmoensis and E. insularis (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107 2 391-397 SOUTHERN CHILE; REINFORCEMENT; VEGETATION; SPECIATION Journal Article Formas, J.R. 1994 A triploid individual of the Chilean leptodactylid frog Eupsophus vertebralis Journal of Herpetology 28 3 394-395 Journal Article Formas, J. R.;Brieva, L. 1994 Advertisement calls and relationships of Chilean frogs Eupsophus contulmoensis and E. insularis Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107 2 391-397 Amphibia, Anura, calling, vocalization, Chile, phylogeny Journal Article Forrest, T. G. 1994 From sender to receiver: propagation and environmental effects on acoustic signals American Zoologist 34 644-654 Insectos, Anuros, comunicación acústica, selección sexual, propagación, Journal Article Forsman, Anders;Merilä, Juha;Lindell, Lars Erik 1994 Do scale anomalies cause differential survival in Vipera berus? Journal of Herpetology 28 4 435-440 DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GROWTH-RATE; BODY SIZE; SELECTION; SNAKES; HETEROZYGOSITY; REPRODUCTION; BIOLOGY Journal Article Forsman, Anders 1994 Growth rate and survival in relation to relative head size in Vipera berus Journal of Herpetology 28 2 231-238 REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; BODY-SIZE; DIETARY DIVERGENCE; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; NICHE UTILIZATION; GARTER SNAKES; COLOR MORPHS; ADDER; PERFORMANCE; POPULATIONS Book Fosdick, Peggy;Fosdick, Sam 1994 Last Chance Lost? Can and should farming save the green sea turtle? the story of Mariculture, Ltd.,-Cayman Turtle Farm York, PA Irvin S. Naylor xii + 424 Book Fosdick, Peggy;Fosdick, Sam 1994 Last Chance Lost? Can and should farming save the green sea turtle? the story of Mariculture, Ltd.,-Cayman Turtle Farm York, PA Irvin S. Naylor xii + 424 Book Fosdick, Peggy;Fosdick, Sam 1994 Last chance lost? : can and should farming save the green sea turtle? : the story of Mariculture, Ltd.,--Cayman Turtle Farm York, Pa. I.S. Naylor xii, 338, [90] Naylor, Irvin S.; Cayman Turtle Farm.; Mariculture.; Green turtle.; Turtle culture Cayman Islands.; Grand Cayman Island (Cayman Islands) Journal Article Fougeirol, L. 1994 France: Europes first crocodile farm using nuclear heated water Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 9 Journal Article Fowler, Ian R.;Salomão, Maria da Graça 1994 Activity patterns in the colubrid snake genus Philodryas and their relationship to reproduction and snakebite Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 10 229-232 Journal Article Fowler, Ian R.;Salomão, Maria da Greça 1994 A study of sexual dimorphism in six species from the colubrid snake genus Philodryas Snake 26 2 117-122 Colubridae; Sexual dimorphism; Philodryas Book Section Fox, Harold 1994 The structure of the integument Heatwole, Harold and Barthalmus, George T. Amphibian Biology. Volume I. The Integument Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons PTY Ltd 1 1-32 Journal Article Fox, Stanley F.;Perea-Fox, Susana;Franco, Rubén Castro 1994 Development of the tail autotomy adaptation in lizards under disparate levels of predation at high and low elevations in Mexico Southwestern Naturalist 39 4 311-322 Sceloporus gadovae, Sceloporus aeneus; Sceloporus grammicus; Sceloporus torquatus; Barisia imbricata; Sceloporus spinosus; Autotomy; Predation Book Fox, H. 1994 The structure of the integument 43 Rickard Road, Chipping Norton NSW 2170, Australia Surrey Beatty & Sons 1-32 Amphibia, anura, urodeles, anatomy, skin, integument Journal Article France, Ghillean T. 1994 A comparison of the efficacy of higher taxa species numbers in the assessment of biodiversity in the neotropics Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 345 89-99 Journal Article Frangioni, G.;Borgioli, G. 1994 Hepatic respiratory compensation and blood volume in the frog (Rana esculenta) Journal of Zoology 234 Part 4 601-611 HYPOXIC BOUNDARY-LAYERS; GAS-EXCHANGE; NEWT; TEMPERATURE; HEMATOCRIT; SPLEEN Journal Article Frank, Norman 1994 Here's looking at you: A survey of reptile and amphibians eyes Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1994 26, January/February 56-69 Journal Article Frank, Norman 1994 Human interest herpetology Reptile & Amphibian magazine March/April 74-77 Journal Article Frank, Russell 1994 Teachers 'milked' toads for hallucinogens, officers say. Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 3 24 Journal Article Frank, Norman 1994 The American milk snake, Lampropeltis triangulum Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 20-33 Journal Article Frank, Norman 1994 Book Review: Biology of Amphibians Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Nov./Dec. 28-31 Journal Article Franklin, C.E.;Axelsson, M. 1994 The Intrinsic Properties of an in Situ Perfused Crocodile Heart Journal of Experimental Biology 186 269-288 Crocodylus Porosus; Heart; Cardiac Output; Shunting; Heart Perfusion; Heart Rate; CROCODYLUS-POROSUS; CARDIAC-PERFORMANCE; PERICARDIUM; ACIDOSIS; DYNAMICS; P-31-NMR; ANOXIA; FLOW; AIR Journal Article Franklin, C.E. 1994 Intrinsic properties of an in situ turtle heart (Emydura signata) preparation perfused via both atria Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 107 3 501-507 turtle; hearts; cardiac output; ventricle; shunting; heart perfusion; starling effect; CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLE; TROUT HEART; ACID-BASE; TEMPERATURE; INVITRO; ANOXIA; STATE Journal Article Franklin, C.E.;Axelsson, M. 1994 The intrinsic properties of an in situ perfused crocodile heart J. exp. Biol. 186 1 269-288 heart, physiology, circulation, An in situ perfused crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) heart preparation was developed to investigate the effects of input and output pressure on cardiac dynamics and to determine the conditions that lead to a right-to-left cardiac shunt. The pericardium was kept intact, both the left and right atria were perfused and all three outflow tracts (right aortic, left aortic and pulmonary) were cannulated, enabling pressures and flows to be monitored. The perfused heart preparation had an intrinsic heart rate of 34 beats min-1 and generated a physiological power output. Both the left and right sides of the heart were sensitive to filling pressure. Increasing the filling pressure to both atria resulted in an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output (Frank­Starling effect). Increasing the filling pressure to the right atrium also had a positive chronotropic effect. Large right ventricular stroke volumes initiated a right-to-left shunt, despite the left aorta having a pressure 1.5 kPa higher than the pulmonary output pressure. The left ventricle was able to maintain its output and stroke volume up to an output pressure of approximately 8 kPa. However, the right ventricle was significantly weaker. Right ventricular output and stroke volume showed a marked decrease when the output pressure was increased above 5 kPa. A right-to-left shunt occurred when pulmonary output pressure was increased. Surprisingly, a shunt occurred into the left aorta before the pressure in the pulmonary artery became greater than that in the left aorta. Once the pressure in the pulmonary artery exceeded the left aortic pressure, pulmonary artery flow ceased and right ventricular output was solely via the left aorta. A right-to-left shunt could also be initiated by increasing the filling pressure to the left atrium. Journal Article Frantz, Steve 1994 In search of Tokage Modoki Notes From NOAH 21 8 3-10 eublepharis kouiwae japan ryukyu archipelago Journal Article Franz, Richard;C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr. 1994 Alsophis vudii vudii (brown runner). Diet and growth Herpetological Review 25 1 28 Journal Article Franz, Richard;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1994 Ameiva auberi obsoleta (Exuma Islands ameiva). Bahamas: Great Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 163-164 Journal Article Franz, Richard;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1994 Anolis sagrei ordinatus (Bahamian brown anole). Bahamas: Great Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 164 Journal Article Franz, Richard;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1994 Leiocephalus carinatus virescens (Exuma Islands curlytail lizard). Bahamas: Great Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 165 Journal Article Franz, Richard;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1994 Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus gibbus (Exuma Islands black-spotted ground gecko). Bahamas: Great Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 166 Journal Article Franz, Richard;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1994 Sphaerodactylus notatus amaurus (Great Bahama Bank reef gecko). Bahamas: Great Bahama Bank Herpetological Review 25 4 166 Journal Article Frazer, Eric 1994 Breeding boas part two Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 2 1 Journal Article Frazer, Eric D. 1994 Healing herps [green iguanas] Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 7 7 1 Journal Article Frazer, Eric 1994 Healing herps Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 3 3 Journal Article Frazer, Eric D. 1994 Healing herps Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 6 4 terrapene carolina Book Section Frazer, Nat B.;Limpus, Colin J.;Greene, Judith L. 1994 Growth and estimated age at maturity of Queensland loggerheads Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B.;Johnson, D. A. and Eliazar, P. J. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation Hilton Head, South Carolina NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-351 42-45 Caretta caretta; Age at maturity Book Section Frazer, Nat B. 1994 Sea turtle headstarting and hatchery programs Meffe, G. K. and Carroll, C. R. Principles of Conservation Biology New York Sinauer Associates 374-380 Headstarting Journal Article Frazier, J.G.;Fierstine, H.L.;Beavers, S.C.;Achaval, F.;Suganuma, H.;Pitman, R.L.;Yamaguchi, Y.;Prigioni, C.M. 1994 Impalement of Marine Turtles (Reptilia, Chelonia: Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae) by Billfishes (Osteichthyes, Perciformes: Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae) Environmental Biology of Fishes 39 1 85-96 Fish Aggregation Devices; Fads; Rostrum; Spearing; FISH AGGREGATION DEVICES Journal Article Frazier, L.W. 1994 Metabolic acidosis, prostaglandin E(2) and insulin stimulates intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+](i)) in isolated cells of toad urinary bladder Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 109 2 385-389 metabolic acidosis; prostaglandin E(2); insulin; toad urinary bladder; VOLUME REGULATION; ACIDOTIC TOAD; BUFO-MARINUS; EXCRETION; CA-2+; NH4+; H+ Journal Article Frazier, Eric D.;Mullinix, Donna S. 1994 It's not easy being gree, but Dr. Frazier can help Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 5 4-5 Journal Article Frazier, John G.;Das, Indraneil 1994 Some notable records of testudines from the Indian and Burmese subregions Hamadryad 19 47-66 testudines distribution india pakistan bangladesh myanmar Journal Article Frazier, J. 1994 Reseña: Memorias del VI encuentro interuniversitario sobre tortugas marinas Bol. Soc. Herpetol. Mex. 6 1 6-8 Book review Journal Article Frazier, J. 1994 La tortuga marina: ¿Dios, seducción, excusa, o Recurso? Bol. Soc. Herpetol. Mex. 6 1 9-14 Marine turtles; Sea turtles Journal Article Freed, Paul 1994 Collection and maintenance of the Malagasy ground gecko (Paroedura pictus) Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1994 26, January/February 41-45 Journal Article Freed, Deborah 1994 The South American giant treefrog Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Nov./Dec. 64-73 hyla boans Journal Article Freeman, D. Carl;Emlen, John M.;Graham, John H.;Hough, R. Anton;Bannon, Todd A. 1994 Biological monitoring of environmental quality: The use of developmental instability E2m Summer 6-11 Journal Article Freire L., Antonio;Kuch, Ulrich 1994 A note on the geographical distribution of Bothrops asper (Garman, 1883) in Ecuador Snake 26 2 135-139 Bothrops asper; Distribution; Ecuador Journal Article Frevola, Mark D. 1994 Some food for thought Cold Blooded News 21 8 1 Journal Article Frew, A. 1994 Snakebit and Sure to Die New Scientist 141 1914 53 Journal Article Frey, R. 1994 Der Zusammenhang zwischen Begattungsstellung, Lokomotionsweise und Kopulationsorgan bei Vertebrata, mit Ausnahme der Mammalia, Eine vergleichende Betrachtung [Copulatory organ, mating posture and locomotion: their interrelationship in non-mammalian vertebrates] J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 33 17-31 reproduction, anatomy, locomotion, behavior, Journal Article Friberg, Alicia 1994 Snake calls I have known Desert Monitor 25 1 8 Journal Article Friberg, Alicia 1994 Snake call I have known Cold Blooded News 21 11 16 Journal Article Frickhinger, K. A. 1994 Krokodile - urtümliche Reptilien TI Magazin 1994 120 73 fossil stenosaurus diplocynodon Journal Article Frickhinger, K. A. 1994 Die Vorfahren der Aale TI Magazin 1994 118 73 anguilla pagyura urenchelys germanicus fossil Journal Article Frickhinger, K. D. 1994 Die Vorfahren der Schwanzlurche TI Magazin 1994 119 73 Oligosemia spinosa fossil Journal Article Friederici, Peter 1994 Leopard frogs of Arizona Wildlife Views 1994 August 2-4 rana pipiens onca yavapaiensis Journal Article Friend, Carol 1994 The captive husbandry of the Great Plains ratsnake Reptilian 2 2 13-15 Elaphe guttata emoryi Journal Article Fritts, Thomas H.;McCoid, Michael J.;Haddock, Robert L. 1994 Symtoms and circumstances associated with bites by the brown tree snake (Colubridae: Boiga irregularis) on Guam Journal of Herpetology 28 1 37-33 snakebite DUVERNOY SECRETION Book Section Fritts, Thomas H.;Jennings, Randy D. 1994 Distribution, habitat use, and status of the desert tortoise in Mexico Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 49-56 gopherus agassizii anthropogenic effects biogeography Sinaloa sonora Journal Article Fritts, T. H.;Mccoid, M. J.;Haddock, R. L. 1994 Symptoms and Circumstances Associated with Bites by the Brown Tree Snake (Colubridae, Boiga irregularis) on Guam J Herpetol 28 1 27-33 Reptilia, serpentes, Boiga irregularis, pysiology, bite, man A review of 94 cases of snakebite by the brown tree snake, Boiga irregularis, in Guam spanning a two year period shows a high proportion (80%) involve victims bitten while sleeping in their homes at night. Some bites apparently involve attempts to feed on small children. Of all children less than 1 yr old that were bitten in a two year period, infants 1-3 mo old comprised 82%. The symptoms exhibited by children are more severe than those experienced by adults. The snake is a rear-fanged (i.e., has enlarged and grooved-teeth on the posterior maxillae) colubrid with a moderately large Duvernoy's gland. Journal Article Fritz, B.;Vences, M.;Glaw, F. 1994 Comparative DNA Content in Discoglossus (Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae) Zoologischer Anzeiger 233 3-4 135-145 Discoglossus; DNA Content; Taxonomy; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CELL SIZES; SALAMANDERS; GENOME Journal Article Frolich, L.M.;Labarbera, M.;Stevens, W.P. 1994 Poissons Ratio of a Crossed Fibre Sheath - The Skin of Aquatic Salamanders Journal of Zoology 232 Part 2 231-252 MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HELICAL FIBERS; LOCOMOTION Book Section Fross, Rank 1994 A new species of anuran, Rana magnaocularis, the pop-eyed frog Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 261-262 notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Frost, D. F.;Nichols, D. K.;Citino, S. B. 1994 Gastric cryptosporidiosis in two ocellated lacertas (Lacerta lepida) J Zoo Wildlife Med 25 1 138-142 Reptilia, sauria, ocellated lacerta, Lacerta lepida, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, cryptosporidiosis, stomach An adult female ocellated lacerta (Lacerta lepida) (no. 1) presented with postprandial regurgitation and passage of undigested food in its feces. Numerous cryptosporidial oocysts were present in gastric lavage contents and feces. Although the lizard maintained a good appetite,it continued to lose weight and died 3 wk after initial presentation. At necropsy, the animal was in poor nutritional condition and had clear mucinous material throughout the intestinal tract. Histologically, there was diffuse atrophic gastritis characterized by atrophy of granular cells, mild chronic inflammation, and small numbers of intraluminal and epithelium- associated cryptosporidia. Fecal examinations and gastric lavages were conducted on the lacerta's five asymptomatic cagemates. One other lacerta, an adult female (no. 2), was identified as also being infected with cryptosporidia. Full-thickness gastric biopsies revealed that lacerta no. 2 had histologic changes that were similar to those seen in lacerta no. 1, but of a milder severity. Therapy was initiated on lacerta no. 2 with an experimental antiprotozoal drug in an attempt to clear the infection; the animal died of renal failure 9 days later. Although gastric cryptosporidiosis in snakes is characterized by proliferation of the mucosa, lesions in these two lacertas consisted of atrophic gastritis. Journal Article Frost, Darrel R.;Kluge, Arnold G. 1994 A Consideration of Epistemology in Systematic Biology, with Special Reference to Species Cladistics 10 259-294 Book Section Frost-Mason, Sally;Morrison, Randall;Mason, Kenneth 1994 Pigmentation Heatwole, Harold and Barthalmus, George T. Amphibian Biology. Volume I. The Integument Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons PTY Ltd 1 64-97 Journal Article Frye, F.L.;Munn, R.J.;Gardner, M.;Barten, S.L.;Hadfy, L.B. 1994 Adenovirus-Like Hepatitis in a Group of Related Rankins Dragon Lizards (Pogona henrylawsoni) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 1 167-171 Adenovirus; Viral Hepatitis; Reptile; Rankins Dragon Lizard; Pogona Henrylawsoni; INFECTION Journal Article Frye, F. L. 1994 Feeding captive reptiles Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 17 40-46 Journal Article Frye, F.;Miller, H. 1994 Hermaphroditism in a tomato frog (Dyscophus antongilii) J Zoo Wildlife Med 25 1 154-157 Amphibia, anura, tomato frog, Dyscophus antongilii, pathology, Hermaphroditism As an incidental finding during gross and microscopic examination, a male tomato frog (Dyscophus antongilii) was discovered to have both spermatogenically active testicular tissue and normal appearing, heavily pigmented yolked ovarian and oviductal eggs. The presence and significance of these tissues are compared with those of Bidder's organ, an ovarian tissue remnant normally found in some male bufonid toads. Reprint Endnote 94/157 Journal Article Fu, Charlene L. 1994 Chinese eat everything, threatening many species Herper's Bizarre 5 2 10 Book Section Fu, J. 1994 Conservation, management and farming of crocodiles in China Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Journal Article Fukase, Tohru;Akihama, Sumiyuka;Chinone, Shiro;Itagaki, Hiroshi 1994 Saftey evaluation of some anthelmintics in juvenile red-eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 4 140 Journal Article Furbank, Marc;Nelson, Steven 1994 Reproduction notes and first record of albinism in the white crowned snake Cacophis harriettae (Serpentes: Elapidae) Herpetofauna 24 2 31-32 Journal Article Furman, Joe 1994 Field observations, captive husbandry and breeding of the web-fotted gecko, Palmatogecko rangei Dactylus 2 3 102-106 Journal Article Fuselier, Linda;Edds, David 1994 Habitat partitioning among three sympatric species of map turtles, genus Graptemys Journal of Herpetology 28 2 154-158 use ouachitensis pseudo geographica geographica ecology Journal Article Fyfe, Greg 1994 The central carpet python Morelia spilota bredli in the field and in captivity Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 70-72 Journal Article Gabris, Jiri 1994 Kurzübersicht der am häufigsten gezüchteten Grillenarten Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 2 15-16 Journal Article Gabris, Jiri 1994 Eine wenig bekannte methode der heimchenzucht mit hoher produktivität Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 2 17-25 Journal Article Gaffney, E.S.;Kitching, J.W. 1994 The Most Ancient African Turtle Nature 369 6475 55-58 Journal Article Gaffney, E.;Schleich, H. H. 1994 New Reptile Material from the German Tertiary 16. On Chelydropsis murchisoni (Bell, 1892) from the Middle Miocene Locality of Unterwohlbach/South Germany Courier Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg 173 197-213 Journal Article Gaites, Steve 1994 An interview with Steve Gaites Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 1994 73 4-5 Journal Article Galbraith, David A. 1994 A new vision - A new mission Scales and Tales 8 2 1 Journal Article Galbraith, David A. 1994 Conserving Orinoco crocodiles" plotting a course for survival Scales and Tales 8 2 3 Journal Article Galbraith, David A. 1994 A Scales and Tales Special report" Endangered reptiles in Canada Scales and Tales 8 3 1-2 phrynosoma douglassii coluber constrictor foxi nerodia sipedon insularum dermochelys coriacea sistrurus catenatus apalone spinifera emydoidea blandingi eumeces septentrinalis clemmys guttata Journal Article Galbraith, David A. 1994 One hundred gather to discuss the conservation of Canadian reptiles Scales and Tales 8 4 1-2 Journal Article Galbraith, David A. 1994 Ecology research on snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in Ontario, Canada ASRA Journal 1994 23-49 Chelydra serpentina Journal Article Gallardo, J. M. 1994 500 Años de Herpetología Hispanoamericana Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 1-11 Book Gallardo, Jose M. 1994 Anfibios y Reptiles: Relatos y Leyendas, Etimologias, Usos y Abusos Buenos Aires Biblioteca Mosaico xii + 162 Book Section Games, I. 1994 Aerial surveys for monitoring trends and estimating population size of Crocodylus niloticus or the theory and practice of aerial survey in Africa Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 2. ISBN 2-8317-0239-9. 340 pp. 245-255 Journal Article Gans, Carl 1994 Clarence J. McCoy 1935-1993 Copeia 1994 3 840-842 Journal Article Gans, Carl 1994 M. V. Rajendran 2 Nov. 1916-6Aug. 1993 Copeia 1994 3 842 Book Section Gans, Carl 1994 Directions for future research at academic institutions Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 391-395 Edited Book Gans, Carl;Huey, Raymond B. 1994 Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 16, Ecology B. Defense and Life History Ann Arbor, MI Branta Books xi + 659 Journal Article Gans, C. 1994 Approaches to the evolution of limbless locomotion Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 12-17 limbless locomotion Journal Article Garcia, Efrain Hernandez;Quijano, Fernando Mendoza 1994 Rhadinaea marcellae (NCN). Mexico: Hidalgo Herpetological Review 25 1 34 Journal Article Garcia, G.;Palavecino, P. 1994 Desarrollo del hioides en anuros del noreste argentino Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 36-39 Book García, Andrés;Ceballos, Gerardo 1994 Guia de Campo de los Reptiles y Anfibios de la Costa de Jalisco, Mexico. Field Guiude to the Reptiles and Amphibians of the Jalisco Coast, Mexico Mexico City UNAM 184 Journal Article Gardner, Andrew S. 1994 A new species of Asaccus (Gekkonidae) from the mountains of northern Oman Journal of Herpetology 28 2 141-145 sp. nov. montanus griseonotus elisae gallagheri Journal Article Gardner, Andrew S. 1994 Pristurus gallagheri an arboreal semaphore gecko from Oman, with notes on its tail flagging behavior Dactylus 2 4 126-129 Journal Article Gariboldi, Armando;Zuffi, Marco A. L. 1994 Notes on the population reinforcement project for Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) in a natural park of northwestern Italy (Testudines: Emydidae) [Bemerkungen zu populationsstützenden maßnahmen für Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758) in einem Naturpark Nordwestitaliens (Testudines: Emydidae)] Herpetozoa 7 3/4 83-89 descriptive ecology Book Section Garland, T.;Losos, J.B. 1994 Ecological Morphology of Locomotor Performance in Squamate Reptiles Wainwright, P.C. and Reilly, S.M. Ecological Morphology 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 Univ Chicago Press 240-302 Journal Article Garland, Theodore, Jr.;Adolph, Stephen C. 1994 Why not to do two-species comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation Physiological Zoology 67 4 797-828 Journal Article Garlock, Michael 1994 Nuclear power plant helps endangered American crocodile: Crocodylus acutus is alive and well in a protected south Florida location Reptiles 1 6 24-29 Journal Article Garner, M.;Johnson, C.;Funk, R. 1994 Liposarcoma in a Shingleback Skink (Trachydosaurus rugosus) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 1 150-153 Reptile; Shingleback Skink; Trachydosaurus Rugosus; Neoplasia; Liposarcoma Journal Article Garrett, Clay M.;Smith, Brian E. 1994 Perch color preference in juvenile green tree pythons, Chondropython viridis Zoo Biology 13 45-50 coloration crypticity Journal Article Garrett, Clay M. 1994 Messin' with Texas: Rattlesnake roundups Vivarium 6 3 6 Journal Article Garvey, Geoff 1994 Heartless smugglers who trade in animals Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter January 5 Book Section Gasc, Jean-Pierre 1994 Locomotion Bauchot, Roland Snakes: A Natural History New York Sterling Publishing 60-75 Journal Article Gasc, J. P.;Lescure, J.;Peccinini-Seale, D. 1994 Unisexualite et vaste repartition: le cas de Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Reptilia, Teiidae) dans le complexe Guyano Amazonien Biogeographica 70 33-39 Parthenogenesis, lizards, distribution, Amazonia, Guyanas Journal Article Gascon, Claude 1994 Epipedobates petersi (NCN). Brazil: Acre Herpetological Review 25 4 160 Journal Article Gascon, Claude 1994 Scharthyla ostinodactyla (NCN). Brazil: Amazonas Herpetological Review 25 4 162 Journal Article Gasnier, Thierry R.;Magnusson, William E.;Lima, Albertina P. 1994 Foraging activity and diet of four sympatric lizard species in a tropical rainforest Journal of Herpetology 28 2 187-192 uranoscodon superciliosa kentropyx calcarata plica umbra anolis punctatus Journal Article Gatesy, S. M. 1994 Neuromuscular diversity in archosaur deep dorsal thigh muscles Brain Behav. Evol. 43 1 1-14 fossil, anatomy, locomotion, evolution, The living members of the clade Archosauria, crocodilians and birds, differ markedly in the morphology of their deep dorsal thigh muscles. To investigate whether this diversity is accompanied by differences in motor pattern and muscle function, the hindlimbs of representative archosaurs were studied by electromyography and cineradiography during terrestrial locomotion. In a crocodilian, Alligator, the iliofemoralis and pubo-ischio-femoralis internus part 2 are both active during the swing phase of the stride cycle. This appears to be the primitive motor pattern for archosaurs. There are four avian homologues of these muscles in the helmeted guineafowl, Numida. These are primarily active in the propulsive phase (iliotrochantericus caudalis and iliotrochantericus medius), the swing phase (iliotrochantericus cranialis) and a speed-dependent combination of the propulsive and/or swing phases (iliofemoralis externus). Differences between Alligator and Numida in the number and attachment of deep dorsal muscles are associated with dissimilar motor patterns and functions. Evolutionary modifications of neuromuscular control must be recognized when evaluating avian locomotor history, but are rarely considered by paleontologists. Even within the deep dorsal thigh muscles of Numida, developmentally and anatomically similar muscles are active out-of- phase. Therefore, although the actions of two adjacent muscles appear equivalent, their functions may differ dramatically. The diversity of deep dorsal thigh muscles in modern birds may be a good model for studying the relationship between activity pattern and peripheral morphology. Journal Article Gaulke, M. 1994 Contribution to the Snake Fauna of the Sulu Archipelago, with the Description of a New Subspecies of Dendrelaphis caudolineatus (Gray, 1834) Herpetological Journal 4 4 136-144 Journal Article Gaulke, Maren;Altenbach, Alexander V. 1994 Contribution to the knowledge of the snake fauna of Masbate (Philippines) (Squamata: Serpentes) [Beitrag zur Kenntinis der Schlangenfauna von Masbate (Philippinen) (Squamata: Serpentes) Herpetozoa 7 1/2 63-66 new records faunal districts acrochordus granulatus python reticulatus cerberus rynchops chrysopelea paradisi variablis dendrelaphis caudolineatus pictus elaphe erythrura psephenoura lycodon capucinus calliophis calligaster naja philippinensis Journal Article Gaulke, Maren 1994 Notes on the herpetofauna of Panaon and Sámar, East Visayans, Philippines Hamadryad 19 1-10 inventory draco ornatus Journal Article Gaulke, Maren 1994 Eine neue Unterart des Malaysischen Baumschnüfflers, Ahaetulla prasina suluensis n. subsp. [A new subspecies of the green vine snake, Ahaetulla prasina suluensis n. subsp.] Senckenbergiana Biologica 73 1-2 45-47 Ahaetulla prasina suluensis; New subspecies; Taxonomy; Scalation Journal Article Gaulke, Maren 1994 Eine neue Unterart des Malaysischen Baumschnüfflers, Ahaetulla prasina suluensis n. subsp. (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) Senckenbergiana Biologica 73 1/2 45-47 Ahaetulla prasina suluensis subsp. nov. Journal Article Gehrmann, William H. 1994 Spectral characteristics of lamps commonly used in herpetoculture Vivarium 5 5 16-21;29 ultraviolet uv Book Section Gehrmann, William H. 1994 Light requirements of captive amphibians and reptiles Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 53-59 Journal Article Geiser, F.;Learmonth, R.P. 1994 Dietary fats, selected body temperature and tissue fatty acid composition of agamid lizards (Amphibolurus nuchalis) Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 164 1 55-61 dietary lipids; fatty acids; behavioural thermoregulation; reptiles; lizard, Amphibolurus nuchalis; LIPIDS; HIBERNATOR Journal Article Gendt, G. de 1994 Surgical mremovement of 4 eggs in Lampropeltis getulus californiae (Albino) Heelkundig verwijderen van 4 eieren bij een Lampropeltis getulus californiae (Albino) Terra 30 4 50-53 Reptilia, serpentes, Lampropeltis getulus californiae (Albino), pathology, egg-binding, therapy, surgery Private collection P. Zwart Journal Article Generani, Maura 1994 Obituary: Alessandro Chiminello Circalytes 6 5 46 Book Section Genolagani, J.-M.G. 1994 Conservation, management and farming of crocodiles in Papua New Guinea Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Edited Book Gent, Tony;Bray, Robert 1994 Conservation and management of great crested newts: Proceedings of a symposium held on 11 January 1994 at Kew Gardens, Richmond, Surrey Surrey English Nature Science 158 Triturus cristatus Journal Article George, Steven G.;Hoover, Jan Jeffery;Killgore, K. Jack 1994 Macroclemys temminckii (alligator snapping turtle). USA: Mississippi Herpetological Review 25 4 163 Journal Article George, Steven G. 1994 Anolis carolinensis (green anole). USA: Louisiana Herpetological Review 25 4 164 Journal Article Georges, Arthur 1994 Conservation status of Australia's reptiles assessed Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 16 35-36 Journal Article Georges, A.;Limpus, C.;Stoutjesdijk, R. 1994 Hatchling sex in the marine turtle Caretta caretta is determined by proportion of development at a temperature, not daily duration of exposure Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 5 432-444 CHELYDRA-SERPENTINA; PAINTED TURTLES; ALLIGATOR-MISSISSIPPIENSIS; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; HYDRIC ENVIRONMENT; SENSITIVE PERIODS; HATCHING SUCCESS; EMYS-ORBICULARIS; SNAPPING TURTLE; DIFFERENTIATION Book Section Georges, A. 1994 The influence of fluctuating temperatures on hatchling sex ratios - a model and proposed test using Caretta caretta (compiler), R. James Proceedings of the Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop Canberra Queensland Dep. Environ., and Heritage and Aust. Nat. Conserv. Agency 156-162 Book Section Georges, A. 1994 Setting conservation priorities for Australian freshwater turtles. Lunney, D. and Ayers, D. Herpetology in Australia: a diverse discipline Mossman Royal Zoological Society of NSW 453-476 Journal Article Georges, A.;Limpus, C. J.;Stoutjesdijk, R. 1994 Hatchling sex in the marine turtle Caretta caretta is determined by proportion of development at a temperature, not daily duration of exposure Journal of Experimental Zoology 270 432-444 loggerhead; sex ratio Journal Article Gerhardt, H.C. 1994 Reproductive Character Displacement of Female Mate Choice in the Grey Treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis Animal Behaviour 47 4 959-969 ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION; EVOLUTIONARY; SPECIATION; ANURA; CALL; REINFORCEMENT; RECOGNITION; PHONOTAXIS; VERSICOLOR; CRITERIA Journal Article Gerhardt, H.C. 1994 The evolution of vocalization in frogs and toads Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25 293-324 sexual selection; energetic costs; mate choice; selective phonotaxis; sensory exploitation; reproductive character displacement; REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTER DISPLACEMENT; MATING CALL RECOGNITION; TREEFROG HYLA-CINEREA; FEMALE MATE CHOICE; SOUND PATTERN-RECOGNITION; NORTH-AMERICAN TREEFROGS; BLANCHARD CRICKET FROG; PUERTO-RICAN FROGS; SEXUAL SELECTION; NEOTROPICAL TREEFROG Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl;Ptacek, Margaret B.;Barnett, Louise;Torke, Kenneth G. 1994 Hybridization in the diploid-tetraploid treefrogs Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor Copeia 1994 1 51-59 flow cytometry mitochondrial DNA sequences calls PCR Primers Journal Article Gerhardt, H.C.;Dyson, M.L.;Tanner, S.D.;Murphy, C.G. 1994 Female treefrogs do not avoid heterospecific calls as they approach conspecific calls: Implications for mechanisms of mate choice Animal Behaviour 47 6 1323-1332 HYLA-CINEREA; SEXUAL SELECTION; TREE FROG; RECOGNITION; COMMUNICATION; VERSICOLOR; GRATIOSA Journal Article Gerhardt, H.C. 1994 Selective responsiveness to long-range acoustic signals in insects and anurans American Zoologist 34 6 706-714 SEXUAL SELECTION; GRYLLUS-BIMACULATUS; FEMALE CHOICE; MATE CHOICE; NEUROBIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS; FIELD CRICKET; CALLING SONG; SPECIES RECOGNITION; MATING PREFERENCES; HYLA-VERSICOLOR Journal Article Gerhardt, H. Carl 1994 Selective responsiveness to long-range acoustic signals in insects and anurans American Zoologist 34 706-714 Journal Article Gerholdt, Jim 1994 Book Review: Reptiles and Amphibians of Cheyenne Bottoms Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 2 9-10 Journal Article Gerholdt, James E. 1994 Book Review: Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia Reptile & Amphibian magazine May/June 38-42 Journal Article Germano, David J.;Williams, Daniel F. 1994 Gambelia sila (bluntnose leopard lizard) Herpetological Review 25 1 26-27 Journal Article Germano, D.J. 1994 Growth and age at maturity of North American tortoises in relation to regional climates Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 72 5 918-931 DESERT TORTOISES; GOPHERUS-POLYPHEMUS; SIZE RELATIONSHIPS; SOUTHERN BAHAMAS; CALIFORNIA; RESPONSES; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS; VEGETATION; HISTORIES Book Section Germano, David J.;Bury, R. Bruce;Esque, Todd C.;Fritts, Thomas H.;Medica, Philip A. 1994 Range and habitats of the desert tortoise Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 73-84 gopherus agassizii distributional distribution climates ecology mojave desert sinaloan deciduous woodland thornscrub sonoran Book Section Germano, David J.;Bury, R. Bruce 1994 Research on North American tortoises: a critique with suggestions for the future Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 187-204 gopherus agassizii polyphemus flavomarginatus berlandieri bibliography gray literature habitat evaluations methodology reproductive studies Book Section Germano, David J. 1994 Comparative life histories of North American Tortoises Bury, R. Bruce and Germano, David J. Biology of North American Tortoises Washington, D.C. U.S.D.I. National Biological Survey Fish and Wildlife Research 13 175-185 gopherus agassizii polyphemus flavomarginatus berlandieri age at maturity clutch frequency size longevity reproduction survivorship Journal Article Germano, David J.;Williams, Daniel F.;Tordoff, Walter, III 1994 Effect of drought on blunt-nosed leopard lizards (Gambelia sila) Northwestern Naturalist 75 11-19 Gambelia sila; Drought Journal Article Ghosh, S.;Thorogood, P.;Ferretti, P. 1994 Regenerative capability of upper and lower jaws in the newt Int J Dev Biol 38 3 479-90 Animal; Biological Markers/analysis; Bone Regeneration/*physiology; Cartilage/growth & development; Epithelium/ultrastructure; Keratin/analysis; Larva; Mandible/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure; Maxilla/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure; Notophthalmus viridescens; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tooth/physiology; Vimentin/analysis The regenerating amphibian jaw represents an important model for studying pattern formation and the mechanisms underlying regeneration of facial structures. We have studied regeneration of upper and lower jaws in the urodele amphibian, Notophthalmus viridescens, using whole mount preparations stained for bone and cartilage, scanning electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry to further characterize these regenerating systems. In addition, we have investigated whether lower jaws of adults and larvae display similar regenerative ability. Although in adult animals the original shape of both the lower and upper jaws is rather faithfully reproduced following amputation, and the teeth and oral mucosa with its specialized sensory organs fully regenerate, significant differences in the regenerative ability of the various skeletal elements are observed. In fact, only tooth-bearing skeletal elements ossify, while the other elements of the regenerated skeleton remain cartilaginous for as long as 5 months after amputation. In contrast, a regenerated lower jaw in the larva is indistinguishable from an unamputated one at the same stage of development. Interestingly, regenerating adult jaws form directly bicuspid teeth, which are the type of teeth normally found in the adult, rather than the monocuspid teeth characteristic of larval jaws, indicating that jaw regeneration is not a recapitulation of development, in that an adult jaw blastema directly regenerates an adult jaw. Finally, we have studied the expression of tissue specific markers in normal and regenerating upper and lower jaws to establish whether the blastemal cells, which will form the missing part of the jaw, express any of these markers of the differentiated state, or are undifferentiated as suggested by their morphological appearance. Under our experimental conditions, no expression of markers of the differentiated state, such as those for muscle, cartilage and glands is detectable in early regenerates. On the contrary, the mesenchymal marker 22/31, whose expression in normal jaws is restricted to dermal fibroblasts and the dental pulp, is expressed in at least a half of the blastemal cells. The significance of these observations in relation to the origin of blastemal cells in the jaw will be discussed. Journal Article Giacoma, C.;Halliday, T.;Lodi, L.;Lupo, C. 1994 Corticosterone and androgen plasma levels in male toads Bufo bufo during the reproductive period Ethology Ecology & Evolution 6 4 545-550 corticosterone; androgens; toad; breeding season; reproductive behaviour Book Section Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1994 Reproductive patterns of reptiles and amphibians: Considerations for captive breeding and conservation Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 119-123 Journal Article Gibbons, J. W. 1994 How to catch a gator Natural History 4-6 alligator, capture, ecology, golf course Journal Article Gibbs, H. L.;Prior, K. A.;Weatherhead, P. J. 1994 Genetic analysis of populations of threatened snake species using RAPD markers Molecular Ecology 3 329-337 Elaphe obsoleta; Conservation genetics; genetic differentiation of populations; genetics; Sistrurus catenatus; RAPDs; translocation genetics Journal Article Gil, M.J.;Guerrero, F.;Perezmellado, V. 1994 Seasonal Variation in Diet Composition and Prey Selection in the Mediterranean Gecko Tarentola mauritanica Israel Journal of Zoology 40 1 61-74 LIZARDS; SIZE; REPTILIA; ECOLOGY; TEMPERATURES; PERFORMANCE; LACERTILIA; GEKKONIDAE; DIMORPHISM; PREDATORS Journal Article Gil, M. J.;Guerrero, F.;Perezmellado, V. 1994 Diel variation in preferred body temperatures of the moorish gecko Tarentola mauritanica during summer Herpetol J 4 2 56-59 Reptilia, sauria, Tarentola mauritanica. physiology, temperature, preferred We studied diel variation in preferred body temperatures (T-p) of adult and subadult geckos (Tarentola mauritanica) in a laboratory thermogradient. Overall T-p averaged 31.6 degrees C and is significantly higher that the activity body temperatures recorded in the field. We did not detect differences in T-p between adult and subadult lizards. T-p varied according to a diel cycle. There was a gradual increase in T-p during the afternoon- early evening period, leading to peak values just before the beginning of the night-time activity period. During the subsequent hours, T(p)s decrease again. Journal Article Gil, M. J.;Guerrero, F.;Perez-Mellado, V. 1994 Seasonal variation in diet composition and prey selection in the Mediterranean gecko Tarentola mauritanica Israel Journal of Zoology 40 61-74 Journal Article Gilbert, Mireille;Leclair, Raymond;Fortin, Réjean 1994 Reproduction of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in floodplain habitat in the Richelieu River, P. Quebec, Canada Journal of Herpetology 28 4 465-470 TEMPORARIA L; BUFO-BUFO; GROWTH; AGE; SYLVATICA; AMPHIBIA; ANURA Journal Article Giles, Bob 1994 Who speaks with a forked tongue? Sonoran Herpetologist 7 4 28 Journal Article Gill, B. J.;Zug, G. R. 1994 Emoia Adspersa (Lacertilia: Scincidae)- Confirmed in Tonga Rec. Auckland Inst. Mus. 31 215-217 Journal Article Gillett, Leigh 1994 The good old/bad old days: A suevery of reptile and amphibian species traded during the period 1948-1957 British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 49 3-6 trade Journal Article Gillis, G.B.;Lauder, G.V. 1994 Aquatic Prey Transport and the Comparative Kinematics of Ambystoma tigrinum Feeding Behaviors Journal of Experimental Biology 187 159-179 Feeding; Kinematics; Behavior; Salamander; Ambystoma Tigrinum; Prey Capture; Prey Transport; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; FUNCTIONAL DESIGN; TIGER SALAMANDER; MUSCLE FUNCTION; QUANTITATIVE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; MECHANISM; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; PATTERNS; APPARATUS Journal Article Gillis, G.;Lauder, G. 1994 Aquatic Prey Transport and the Comparative Kinematics of Ambystoma Tigrinum Feeding Behaviors J Exp Biol 187 1 159-79 Four definable feeding behaviors used during the metamorphic life history of tiger salamanders are terrestrial prey capture and transport (as adults) and aquatic prey capture and transport (as larvae). Previous studies have focused primarily on the first three of these behaviors and thus aquatic prey transport is poorly understood. These studies have indicated that terrestrial prey capture has unique kinematic and motor patterns, whereas the other behaviors are quite similar to one another. Using high-speed video analysis, the kinematics of aquatic prey transport in larval Ambystoma tigrinum are described using both lateral and ventral views. These kinematic patterns are statistically compared with the kinematic patterns of aquatic prey capture, terrestrial prey capture and terrestrial prey transport. Statistical analyses allow us to assess the similarities and differences among the four behaviors and to determine the effect of the metamorphic environmental transition (water to land) and morphological changes of the feeding mechanism (suction- to lingual-based) on feeding kinematics. Our data do not support the notion that lingual-based terrestrial prey capture uses unique kinematic patterns compared with the other three behaviors, which consist of similar movements. Rather, each of the feeding behaviors has unique kinematic features that distinguish it from the others. In addition, variation in tiger salamander feeding kinematics is more a function of the feeding event (whether it is capture or transport) than of the environment in which the feeding takes place or the morphology of the feeding mechanism. Finally, we encourage the use of parsimony-based methods of phylogenetic analysis to analyze shared traits (such as kinematic and/or electromyographic variables) in comparative studies of behavior within a single species. Journal Article Ginige, Predeep 1994 Reptile fauna of the Knuckles Range, Sri Lanka Lyriocephalus 1 1&2 38-43 Sri Lanka Journal Article Girard, Francis 1994 Notes about the care in captivity of Phrynosoma modestum Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 1 22-23 Journal Article Girard, Francis 1994 Care and breeding of a North American gecko, Coleonyx variegatus, David 1859 Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 2 67-70 captive breeding Journal Article Girard, Francis 1994 The care and breeding of a small South African gecko, Pachydactylus oculatus Herptile 19 4 166-168 Journal Article Girard, Francis 1994 The "Terra" fair - 1st October '94, Berchem (nr. Antwerp), Belgium Herptile 19 4 187-188 Journal Article Giraudo, A.;Contreras, A. 1994 Lista preliminar de los reptiles registrados en el departamento Ñeembucú, Paraguay Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 1-4 Journal Article Giraudo, A.;Abranson, R. 1994 Comentarios sobre los ofidios registrados en una localidad del centro de la Provincia de Misiones, Argentina Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina 10 1 8 Journal Article Giraudo, A. R. 1994 Comentarios sobre las especies del genero Liotyphlops Peters, (Serpentes: Anomalepididae) presentes en la provincia de Misiones, Republica Argentina Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 2 229-231 Liotyphlops Journal Article Girondot, M.;Zaborski, P.;Servan, J.;Pieau, C. 1994 Genetic contribution to sex determination in turtles with environmental sex determination Genetical Research, Cambridge 63 117-127 tsd; sex ratio Journal Article Glandt, D. 1994 Book Review: Ecology and Conservation of the European Tree Frog Amphibia-Reptilia 15 2 228 hyla arborea Book Glass, Thomas G. 1994 Management of Snakebite San Antonio Glass Publishing iii, ca. 60 pages Book Glaß, Helmut;Meusel, Walter 1994 Die Süsswasser Schildkröten Europas Magdeburg, Germany Neue Brehm-Bucherei 77 Emys orbicularis; Europe; Clemmys caspica; Book Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel 1994 A field Guide to the Amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar Köln, Germany M. Vences & F. Glaw Verlags GbR 480 Book Section Glaw, Frank 1994 Artendiversität und evolutive trends bei madagassischen Anuren Herrmann, Hans-Joachim and Zimmermann, Helmut Beiträge zur Biologie der Anuren [Contributions to the Biology of Anurans] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 56-61 madagascar frogs diversity Book Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel 1994 A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar Bonn, Germany M. Vences & F. Glaw Verlags GbR 480 Book Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel 1994 A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar Bonn Vences & Glaw Verlag 480 + 50 Plates Madagascar Book Gläß, Helmut;Meusel, Walter 1994 Die Süsswasser Schildkröten Europas Magdeburg, Germany Neue Brehm-Bucherei 77 Emys orbicularis; Europe; Clemmys caspica; Journal Article Gleed-Owen, Chris 1994 The stomach contents of a grass snake, Natrix natrix, identified from skeletal remains British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 50 34-36 Diet; Natrix natrix Journal Article Glenn, James 1994 New snakebite antivenom in human clinical trials et cetera: VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City May-June 6-7 Journal Article Glenn, J. L.;Straight, R. C.;Wolt, T. B. 1994 Regional variation in the presence of canebrake toxin in Crotalus horridus venom Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 107C 3 337-346 Crotalus horridus; venom; canebrake toxin Journal Article Goater, C.P. 1994 Growth and survival of postmetamorphic toads: Interactions among larval history, density, and parasitism Ecology 75 8 2264-2274 Amphibia; Bufo bufo; complex life cycle; density; growth; metamorphosis; parasitism; Rhabdias bufonis; survival; RHABDIAS-BUFONIS NEMATODA; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; APPARENT COMPETITION; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SIZE; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; FLUCTUATIONS Journal Article Goater, C. P. 1994 Growth and survival of postmetamorphic toads: interactions among larval history, density and parasitism. Ecology 75 2264-2274 Journal Article Goater, C. P. 1994 Growth and survival of postmetamorphic toads: interactions among larval history, density, and parasitism Ecology 75 2264-2274 Journal Article Gobbetti, A.;Zerani, M.;Difiore, M.M. 1994 Prostaglandins and Reproduction in Male Lizard, Podarcis sicula sicula Journal of Experimental Zoology 268 1 44-52 TRITURUS-CARNIFEX LAUR; MALE WATER FROG; RANA-ESCULENTA; SEX-HORMONES; PLASMA PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; CRESTED NEWT; ANNUAL CYCLE; S-SICULA; ESTRADIOL; STEROIDS Journal Article Gobel, T.;Jurina, K. 1994 Endoscopy of the Respiratory Tract in Reptiles Kleintierpraxis 39 11 791-794 Book Section Gobel, Th. 1994 Diagnostic Endoscopy in Reptiles Ippen, R./Hofmann, R.R. 36. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zootiere Berlin, Germany 36 163-167 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, diagnostics, technique, pathology, survey Journal Article Godfrey, Matthew H.;Mrosovsky, N. 1994 Simple method of estimating mean incubation temperatures on sea turtle beaches Copeia 1994 3 808-811 Journal Article Goetz, B.G.R.;Thomas, B.W. 1994 Use of annual growth and activity patterns to assess management procedures for captive tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 473-485 tuatara; Sphenodon punctatus; activity; captivity; rearing management; growth; stress Book Goetz, Bernard;Thomas, Bruce 1994 A Study on the captive maintenance of tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) Auckland Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 40 Sphenodon punctatus Journal Article Goff, G.P.;Lien, J.;Stenson, G.B.;Fretey, J. 1994 The migration of a tagged Leatherback Turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, from French Guiana, South America, to Newfoundland, Canada, in 128 days Canadian Field - Naturalist 108 1 72-73 Leatherback Turtle; Dermochelys coriacea; Pilotfish; Naucrates ductor; tagged; Newfoundland; French Guiana; migration rate Journal Article Gokhelashvili, Ramaz K.;Tarkhnishvili, David N. 1994 Age structure of six Georgian anuran populations and its dynamics during two consecutive years (Anura) [Der Altersaufbau von sechs georgischen Anurenpopulationen und seine Veränderung in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Jahren (Anura)] Herpetozoa 7 1/2 11-18 bufo verrucosissimus viridis hyla arborea pelodytes caucasicus rana macrocnemis ridibunda skeletochronology population ecology longevity sexual maturity mortality life cycle turnover rates Georgia Caucasus Journal Article Golay, Nils;Durrer, Heinz 1994 Volume d'eau effectif, volume d'eau accessible et effet de masse chez les têtards de Bufo calamita [The effect of actual water volume, accessible water volume, and density on tadpoles of Bufo calamita] Alytes 12 2 64-74 metamorphosis crowding Journal Article Golay, Nils;Durrer, Heinz 1994 Inflamation due to toe-clipping in natterjack toads (Bufo clamita) Amphibia-Reptilia 15 1 81-83 marking Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R. 1994 Prevalence of ectoparasite infestation in neonate Yarrow's spiny lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae), from Arizona Great Basin Naturalist 54 2 189-190 chigger mite neonate prevalence intensity Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Ramos, I. 1994 Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Japanese Treefrog, Hyla japonica (Anura, Hylidae), from Japan Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 61 2 225-227 Cestoda; Cylindrotaenia-Japonica; Nematoda; Cosmocerca-Japonica; Oswaldocruzia-Insulae; Hylidae; Hyla-Japonica Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Zucker, Nadia 1994 Urosaurus ornatus (tree lizard). Sperm storage Herpetological Review 25 3 122 Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Holshuh, H. J.;Middendorf, George A.;Zucker, Nadia 1994 Natural cactus spine injury in the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus (Phrynosomatidae) Southwestern Naturalist 39 3 303-305 Urosaurus ornatus Journal Article Goldberg, S. R.;Bursey, C. R.;Tawil, R. 1994 Gastrointestinal Nematodes of the Cuban Treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis (Hylidae) from San-Salvador Island, Bahamas J Helminthol Soc Washington 61 2 230-233 Amphibia, anura, hylidae, Cuban Treefrog, Osteopilus septentrionalis, infection, helminth, nematode The gastrointestinal tracts of 72 Osteopilus septentrionalis were examined for helminths. Five nematode species were present: Oswaldocruzia lenteixeirai, Parapharyngodon osteopili, Physalopleroides bahamensis, an unidentified female strongylid, and an unidentified larval oxyurid. Physalopteroides bahamensis had the greatest prevalence (83%) and highest mean intensity (8.4). This represents the first report of O. lenteixeirai and P. osteopili in the Bahamas. Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Tawil, R. 1994 Helminth parasites of the bark anole, Anolis distichus and the brown anole, Anolis sagrei (Polychridae) from Florida and the Bahamas. Caribbean Journal of Science 30 3-4 275-277 Reptilia, sauria, anolis, infection, helminth, Nematode, trematode Journal Article Goldberg, S. R.;Bursey, C. R.;Holshuh, H. J. 1994 Physocephalus sp. (Spirurida, Spirocercidae) larvae in stomach granulomas of the blue spiny lizard, Sceloporus serrifer (Phrynosomatidae) from Texas Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30 2 274-276 Reptilia, sauria, Phrynosomatidae, blue spiny lizard, Sceloporus serrifer, infection, helminth, Spirurida, Spirocercidae, Physocephalus sp. pathology, stomach, granuloma Prevalence of larval nematodes (Physocephalus sp., Spirurida, Spirocercidae) and associated cysts are reported from the blue spiny lizard, Sceloporus serrifer, from Texas (USA). Prevalence of infection was 29%, with seven of 24 animals infected. Larvae were found in gastric submucosal and occasionally mucosal cysts with a mean (+/-SE) of 287 +/- 9.01 mu m in diameter. The nematodes evoked a chronic granulomatous response including cyst formation with focal destruction of gastric glands. Cysts resolved into areas of fibrosis. Sceloporus serrifer is a new host record for Physocephalus sp. Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;R., Tawl. 1994 Gastrointestinal helminths of Sceloporus lizards (Phrynosomatidae) from Arizona. J. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 6 1 73-83 Reptilia, sauria, Sceloporus spp., infection, helminth, nematoda, cestoda, prevalence, intensity, survey Reprint Endnote 94/81 Journal Article Gollman, B.;Gollman., G. 1994 Life history variation across a hybrid zone in Geocrinia: embryonic development and larval growth (Amphibia, Anura, Myobatrachinae) Acta Oecologica 15 247-259 Journal Article Gollmann, Günther;Gollmann, Birgit 1994 Offspring size variation in a hybrid zone of Australian frogs (Geocrina laevis complex, Myobatrachinae) Amphibia-Reptilia 15 4 343-350 victoriana Journal Article Gollmann, B.;Gollmann, G. 1994 Life History Variation Across a Hybrid Zone in Geocrinia: Embryonic Development and Larval Growth (Amphibia, Anura, Myobatrachinae) Acta Oecologica - International Journal of Ecology 15 3 247-259 Hybrid Zone; Embryonic Mortality; Development; Larval Growth; Metamorphosis; Geocrinia; Amphibia; FIRE-BELLIED TOADS; VICTORIANA ANURA; BOMBINA-BOMBINA; CLUTCH SIZE; OVUM SIZE; EGG SIZE; SELECTION; LAEVIS; FROG; LEPTODACTYLIDAE Book Section Golubev, M.L.;Manilo, V.V.;Tokar, A.A. 1994 Geographic Variability of Phrynocephalus rossikowi Nik (Reptilia, Agamidae) in Turkmenistan and Adjacent Regions Fet, V. and Atamuradov, K.I. Biogeography and Ecology of Turkmenistan PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publ 72 351-364 Report Gomez, Dale 1994 Conservation assessment for the spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) in the intermountain region Journal Article Gomez, M.I.;Cabada, M.O. 1994 Amphibian cross-fertilization and polyspermy Journal of Experimental Zoology 269 6 560-565 XENOPUS-LAEVIS; BUFO-ARENARUM; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ENVELOPE CONVERSION; CORTICAL GRANULES; OOCYTES; EGGS; BLOCK; SPERM; TOAD Journal Article Gonser, Jeff 1994 Recap of NOAH field trip to Toledo Zoo Notes From NOAH 22 2 17-19 Journal Article Gonzalez, A.;Munoz, M.;Munoz, A.;Marin, O.;Smeets, W. J. 1994 On the basal ganglia of amphibians: dopaminergic mesostriatal projections Eur J Morphol 32 2-4 271-4 Recent studies have revealed a rather dense dopaminergic innervation of basal forebrain areas in anurans and urodeles. The aim of the present study is not only to extend these observations to the third order of amphibians, i.e. the Gymnophiona, but also to determine the cells of origin of the dopaminergic projection to the basal forebrain by means of combined tract-tracing/transmitter-immunohistochemical techniques. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine (DA) demonstrated some remarkable differences in the distribution of DA fibers within the basal forebrain. Whereas in anurans the nucleus accumbens receives a major DA input, in urodeles the DA input to the striatum prevails. In gymnophionans, both basal forebrain structures receive an equally dense DA innervation. The double-labeling studies revealed also differences in the distribution of the cells of origin of the DA striatal input. Although in anurans and urodeles DA cells in both the posterior tubercle and the midbrain tegmentum contribute to this projection, the mesostriatal projection of urodeles is more elaborated than that of anurans. Journal Article Gonzalez, A.;Smeets, W. J. 1994 Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the brain of Typhlonectes compressicauda (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): further assessment of primitive and derived traits of amphibian catecholamine systems J Chem Neuroanat 8 1 19-32 Until now, catecholamine systems are well studied in the brains of anurans and urodeles, but such data are almost completely lacking for the third order of amphibians, i.e. the limbless Gymnophiona or Apoda. To further assess general and derived features of the catecholamine systems in this class of vertebrates, the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THi) cell bodies and fibers was studied in the brain of the gymnophionan Typhlonectes compressicauda. The distribution of THi cell groups in the brain of gymnophionans largely resembles that found in anurans and urodeles. However, in gymnophionans additional THi cells were found in the reticular formation and in the prevagal part of the solitary tract nucleus. Other differences with anurans and urodeles concern the relatively larger number of THi cells in the midbrain tegmentum and in the hypothalamus, where the cells are mainly of the liquor-contacting type. The distribution of THi fibers in some brain regions of gymnophionans, e.g. pallial and basal forebrain areas, shows a greater resemblance with that of urodeles than with that of anurans. A peculiar feature of Typhlonectes are the pericellular baskets of THi varicosities in the lateral septal region. Such baskets were never observed in other amphibians, but do occur in the septal region of amniotes. Finally, the data obtained in this study support the suggestion that catecholamines play a role in the processing of sensory modalities such as olfactory, visual, auditory, vestibular, and mechanoreceptive lateral line information, but not in electroreception. Journal Article Gonzalez, A.;Munoz, M.;Munoz, A.;Marin, O.;Smeets, W. J. A. J. 1994 On the basal ganglia of amphibians: Dopaminergic mesostriatal projections European Journal of Morphology 32 2-4 271-274 Rana Ridibunda; Typhlonectes Compressicauda; Pleurodeles Waltlii; Gymnophionan; Dopamine; Tyrosine Hydroxylase; Nucleus Accumbens; Striatum; Mesostriatal Connections; Immunohistochemistry Recent studies have revealed a rather dense dopaminergic innervation of basal forebrain areas in anurans and urodeles. The aim of the present study is not only to extend these observations to the third order of amphibians, i.e. the Gymnophiona, but also to determine the cells of origin of the dopaminergic projection to the basal forebrain by means of combined tract-tracing/transmitterimmunohistochemical techniques. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine (DA) demonstrated some remarkable differences in the distribution of DA fibers within the basal forebrain. Whereas in anurans the nucleus accumbens receives a major DA input, in urodeles the DA input to the striatum prevails. In gymnophionans, both basal forebrain structures receive an equally dense DA innervation. The double-labeling studies revealed also differences in the distribution of the cells of origin of the DA striatal input. Although in anurans and urodeles DA cells in both the posterior tubercle and the midbrain tegmentum contribute to this projection, the mesostriatal projection of urodeles is more elaborated than that of anurans. Journal Article Gonzalez, A.;Smeets, W. J. A. J. 1994 Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the brain of Typhlonectes compressicauda (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): further assessment of primitive and derived traits of amphibian catecholamine systems Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 8 1 19-32 Typhlonectes Compressicauda; Immunologic Method Until now, catecholamine systems are well studied in the brains of anurans and urodeles, but such data are almost completely lacking for the third order of amphibians, i.e. the limbless Gymnophiona or Apoda. To further assess general and derived features of the catecholamine systems in this class of vertebrates, the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THi) cell bodies and fibers was studied in the brain of the gymnophionan Typhlonectes compressicauda. The distribution of THi cell groups in the brain of gymnophionans largely resembles that found in anurans and urodeles. However, in gymnophionans additional THi cells were found in the reticular formation and in the prevagal part of the solitary tract nucleus. Other differences with anurans and urodeles concern the relatively larger number of THi cells in the midbrain tegmentum and in the hypothalamus, where the cells are mainly of the liquor-contacting type. The distribution of THi fibers in some brain regions of gymnophionans, e.g. pallial and basal forebrain areas, shows a greater resemblance with that of urodeles than with that of anurans. A peculiar feature of Typhlonectes are the pericellular baskets of THi varicosities in the lateral septal region. Such baskets were never observed in other amphibians, but do occur in the septal region of amniotes. Finally, the data obtained in this study support the suggestion that catecholamines play a role in the processing of sensory modalities such as olfactory, visual, auditory, vestibular, and mechanoreceptive lateral line information, but not in electroreception. Journal Article Good, David A. 1994 Species limits in the genus Gerrhonotus (Squamata: Anguidae) Herpetological Monographs 8 180-202 alligator lizard anguidae mexico species systematics texas infernalis lugoi ophiurus liocephalus ventralis tessellatus Journal Article Goode, Matthew J.;Schuett, Gordon W. 1994 Male combat in the western shovelnose snake (Chionactis occipitalis) Herpetological Natural History 2 1 115-117 Book Section Goode, J. Michael 1994 Reproduction in captive neotropical musk and mud turtles (Staurotypus triporcatus, S. salvinii, and Kinosternon scorpioides) Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 275-295 Journal Article Goodyear, Numi C. 1994 Python molurus bivittatus (Burmese python). Movements Herpetological Review 25 2 71-72 Edited Book Gopalakrishnakone, P. 1994 Sea Snake Toxinology Kent Ridge, Singapore Singapore University Press 249 Journal Article Gordon, Gary 1994 Mexican sea turtle update Sonoran Herpetologist 7 4 30-31 Journal Article Goris, Richard C. 1994 Book Review: Frog-tune in the Countryside Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 4 164 Journal Article Gorrell, Mike 1994 Tortoise carcasses spur investigation Intermontanus 3 4 25 Journal Article Gorzula, Stefan 1994 Venezuela: a longirostrine Caiman crocodilus from central Venezuela Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 16 Book Section Goto, K.;Uemura, O. 1994 The nesting of the loggerhead turtles at Senri-no-hama Beach N. Kamezaki, S. Yabuta, H. Suganuma Nesting Beaches of Sea Turtles in Japan Sea Turtle Assoc. Japan, Osaka 67-74 Journal Article Gotte, Steve W.;McDiarmid, Roy W.;Reynolds, Robert P. 1994 The Snapping Turtle: An Important Component of North American Wetlands Research Information Bulletin 32 Journal Article Gow, Graeme F. 1994 A new species of python from central Australia Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 64-69 bredli morelia spilota Journal Article Gowaty, P.A. 1994 Architects of sperm competition Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9 3 160-162 sex ratio Journal Article Gozzo, S.;Perretta, G.;Andreozzi, U.;Monaco, V.;Rossiello, E. 1994 Neuropathology induced by trimethyltin in the central nervous system of the urodele Triturus carnifex Aquatic Toxicology 30 1 1-11 trimethyltin; amphibian; triturus; neurotoxicology; TIME-COURSE; INTOXICATION; METHYLATION; EXPOSURE; RATS Journal Article Göbel, Th 1994 Diagnostic endoscopy in reptiles Diagnostische Endoskopie bei Reptilien Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 36 163-167 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, pathology, diagnostic, endoscopy Journal Article Göbel, Th;Jurina, K. 1994 Endoscopy of the respiratory tract in reptiles Kleintierpraxis 39 791-794 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, pathology, diagnostic, endoscopy, lung, trachea Journal Article Gómez-Serrano, Miguel Angel 1994 Un nuevo caso de albinismo en Pelobates cultripes Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 36 Pelobates cultripes; Pelobatidae; Albinism Journal Article Graham, Billy 1994 A comparative look at three monitors: The Nile, Dumeril and Asian water monitors Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 2 6-7 varanus niloticus dumerili salvator Journal Article Graham, Billy 1994 Certification and registration: its time has come? Cold Blooded News 21 3 8 Journal Article Graham, D. Douglas 1994 Why they die Reptiles 2 3 38-43 Journal Article Grandison, Alice G. C. 1994 In Memoriam: James Clarence Battersby 1901-1993 Herpetological Review 25 2 44 Journal Article Grandison, Alice G. C. 1994 The proper spelling and dates for certain names associated with the endemic West Indian genus of toads (Amphibia: Bufonidae) Herpetological Review 25 2 49-50 peltophryne peltaphryne empusa peltocephalus longinasus peltacephala lemur Journal Article Grandison, Alice G. C. 1994 James Clarence Battersby 1901-1993 Copeia 1994 3 838-840 Book Section Grant, Bruce W.;Brown, Kent L.;Ferguson, Gary W.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1994 Changes in amphibian biodiversity associated with 25 years of pine forest regeneration: Implications for biodiversity management Majumdar, S. K.;Brenner, F. J.;Lovich, J. E.;Schalles, J. F. and Miller, E. W. Biological Diversity: Problems and Challenges Philadelphia, PA Pennsylvania Academy of Science 354-367 Southeast Asia; Turtles Journal Article Graves, B.M. 1994 The role of nasolabial grooves and the vomeronasal system in recognition of home area by red-backed salamanders Animal Behaviour 47 5 1216-1219 CHEMICAL ACCESS; ORGANS Journal Article Graveson, A.C.;Armstrong, J.B. 1994 In vivo evidence that the premature death (p) mutation of Ambystoma mexicanum affects an early segregating subpopulation of neural crest cells Journal of Experimental Zoology 269 4 327-335 AXOLOTL; EMBRYOS Journal Article Gray, Randall L. 1994 From sawdust to lizards: A visit with Bert Langerwerf Vivarium 5 4 22-23 Journal Article Gray, Randall L. 1994 Texas ranching - It ain't what it used to be: A visit with Dave Barker Vivarium 6 2 14-16 Journal Article Gray, Randall L. 1994 Sky Island Galapagos tortoises: A visit with Jeff and Kim Gee Vivarium 6 3 18-23 Journal Article Graybeal, A. 1994 Evaluating the Phylogenetic Utility of Genes - A Search for Genes Informative About Deep Divergences Among Vertebrates Systematic Biology 43 2 174-193 Phylogeny; DNA Sequences; Genbank; Rate of Evolution; Molecular Systematics; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTION; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSIS; RATES; ALBUMIN; PROTEIN; P53 Personal Communication Grechko, Vernata V.;Ryabinin, D. M.;Federova, L. V.;Federov, A. P.;Ryskova, A. P.;Darevsky, Ilya S. 1994 The relations among caucasian parthenogenetic and bisexual rock lizards as revealed by restriction endonucleases analysis of highly repetitive DNA (DNA taxoprinting) Journal Article Greckhamer, Alexander 1994 Ein terrarienkonzept zur haltung, zucht und aufzucht von arboricolen squamaten unter besonderer berücksichtigung auf die bedürfnisse der geckonidengattung Phelsuma Gray, 1825 Jahrbuch für den Terrarianer 2 42-50 cage construction; Pehlsuma Journal Article Green, D. Earl 1994 Are virus infections contributing to amphibian declines? Froglog 9 3 Journal Article Green, Darren;Turner, Grant 1994 An addition to the reptile fauna of the Mossman Gorge section of Daintree National Park, North Queensland Herpetofauna 24 2 44-45 Journal Article Green, Darren 1994 Observations of communal hibernation in th eastern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina longicollis) Herpetofauna 24 2 41 Journal Article Green, Darren 1994 Tortoises of Victoria Monitor: Bulletin of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 6 2 58-60 chelodina expansa emydura macquarii longicollis Journal Article Green, D.M. 1994 Genetic and cytogenetic diversity in Hochstetter's frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri, and its importance for conservation management New Zealand Journal of Zoology 21 4 417-424 Leiopelma hochstetteri; Leiopelmatidae; Anura; diversity; management units; populations; isozymes; chromosomes Journal Article Greenberg, Cathryn H.;Neary, Damiel G.;harris, Larry D. 1994 A comparison of herpetofaunal sampling effectiveness of pitfall, single-ended, and double-ended funnel traps used with drift frnces Journal of Herpetology 28 3 319-324 survey sampling species richness Journal Article Greenberg, C.H.;Neary, D.G.;Harris, L.D. 1994 Effect of high-intensity wildfire and silvicultural treatments on reptile communities in sand-pine scrub Conservation Biology 8 4 1047-1057 Journal Article Greenburg, C. H.;Neary, D. G.;Harris, L. D. 1994 Effect of high intensity wildfire and silvicultural treatments on reptile communities in sand-pine scrub Conservation Biology 8 4 1047-1057 communities, reptiles, management Journal Article Greene, Brian D;Dixon, James R.;Mueller, James M.;Whiting, Martin J.;Okla W. Thornton, Jr 1994 Feeding ecology of the Concho water snake, Nerodia harteri paucimaculata Journal of Herpetology 28 2 165-172 diet GARTER SNAKES; AVAILABILITY DATA; VANCOUVER ISLAND; FORAGING ECOLOGY; THAMNOPHIS; HABITAT; DIET; PREY; SIZE Journal Article Greene, Harry W. 1994 Systematics and Natural History, foundations for understanding and concerving biodiversity American Zoologist 34 48-56 crotalus molossus willardi Book Section Greene, Harry W. 1994 Homology and Behavioral Repertoires Hall, B. K. HOMOLOGY. The Hierarchical Basis of Comparative Biology San Diego Academic Press 369-391 Journal Article Greene, Harry W. 1994 The right stuff Science 266 1261-1262 Journal Article Greene, Harry W. 1994 Review: The Venomous Sea Snakes: A Comprehensive Bibliography The Quarterly Review of Biology 69 286 Journal Article Greene, Brian D.;Dixon, James R.;Mueller, James M.;Whiting, Martin J.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1994 Feeding ecology of the Concho water snake, Nerodia harteri paucimaculata Journal of Herpetology 28 2 165-172 Journal Article Greene, H. W. 1994 Systematics and natural history, foundations for understanding and conserving biodiversity American Zoologist 34 48-56 conservation, evolution, phylogeny, Crotalus molossus, snakes, reptiles, Book Section Greene, H. W. 1994 Homology and behavioral repertoires Hall, B. K. Homology: the hierarchical basis of comparative biology San Diego Academic Press 369-391 comparative, evolution, snakes, reptiles, method, fossils, Journal Article Greenfield, M.D. 1994 Cooperation and conflict in the evolution of signal interactions Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 25 97-126 chorusing; rhythm; sexual communication; sexual competition; synchrony; AMBLYCORYPHA-PARVIPENNIS ORTHOPTERA; KATYDID NEOCONOCEPHALUS-AFFINIS; CHORTHIPPUS-BIGUTTULUS L; MALE CALLING BEHAVIOR; NEOTROPICAL TREEFROG; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; HYPEROLIUS-MARMORATUS; MATE LOCALIZATION; HYLA-MICROCEPHALA; JAMMING AVOIDANCE Journal Article Greenfield, M.D. 1994 Synchronous and alternating choruses in insects and anurans: Common mechanisms and diverse functions American Zoologist 34 6 605-615 CHORTHIPPUS-BIGUTTULUS L; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; MATE CHOICE; TREE FROGS; BEHAVIOR; FIREFLIES; EVOLUTION; DISCRIMINATION; STRIDULATION; CONSTRAINTS Journal Article Greenwell, J. Richard 1994 Big snake stories Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 77 9-11 Journal Article Greer, Gregory C. 1994 Nest sites of royal pythons in West Africa Reptile & Amphibian Magazine July/August 44-55 python regius Book Section Gregor, R. 1994 Crocodile husbandry research and effective experimental design Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Journal Article Gregory, P.T.;Prelypchan, C.J. 1994 Analysis of Variance of First-Year Growth in Captive Garter Snakes (Thamnophis elegans) by Family and Sex Journal of Zoology 232 Part 2 313-322 BODY SIZE; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; SIRTALIS Thesis Gregory, L.F. 1994 Capture stress in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1994 Book Review: All About The Frog Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1994 26, January/February 46-47 Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1994 Snakebite: Are "non-poisonous" colubrids really harmless? Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 51-63 dispholidus typus theolotornis kirtlandi heterodon duvernoy's gland telescopus fallax rhabdophis tigrinus nasicus thamnophis sirtalis elegans subminiatus Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1994 Herpetology & medicine: treatment of venomous snakebite Herp News Today 1994 November 10-11 Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1994 Skin secretions of dendrobatid frogs American Dendrobatid Group Newsletter 1994 16 1-4 Book Grenard, Steve 1994 Medical Herpetology: Amphibians and Reptiles - Their influence on, and relationship to, human medicine pottsville, PA Reptile & Amphibian Magazine xiv, 141 Book Grenard, Steve 1994 Medical Herpetology: Amphibians and reptiles - their influence on, and relationship to, human medicine Pottsvill, PA Reptile & Amphibian Magazine xiv, 141 Edited Book Greven, Hartmut;Thiesmeier, Burkard 1994 Biology of Salamandra and Mertensiella Rheinbach, Germany Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herpetologie und Terrarienkunde e. V. 4 454 Salamandra; Mertensiella Journal Article Greven, Hartmut;Guex, Gaston - Denis 1994 Structural and physiological aspects of viviparity in Salamandra salamandra Mertensiella 4 139-160 Salamandra salamandra; Oviduct; Glands; Uterus; Transporting epithelium; Ureotely; Closca; Sperm storage Journal Article Griffith, H. 1994 Body elongation and decreased reproductive output within a restricted clade of lizards (Reptilia: Scincidae) Journal of Zoology 233 Part 4 541-550 RELATIVE CLUTCH MASS; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; PATTERNS; SNAKES; COVARIATION; PHYLOGENY; SHAPE; SIZE Journal Article Griffith, Hugh;Wingate, David B. 1994 Eumeces longirostris (Bermuda rock lizard or skink). Predation Herpetological Review 25 1 26 Journal Article Griffiths, R. A.;de Wijer, P.;May, R. T. 1994 Predation and competition within an assemblage of larval newts (Triturus) Ecography 17 176-181 cristatus helveticus vulgaris Journal Article Griffiths, R.A.;Dewijer, P. 1994 Differential effects of pH and temperature on embryonic development in the British newts (Triturus) Journal of Zoology 234 Part 4 613-622 AMBYSTOMA-MACULATUM SHAW; CONNECTICUT WOOD FROGS; ACID TOLERANCE; SPOTTED SALAMANDER; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; AMPHIBIAN EMBRYOS; TEMPORARY PONDS; PALMATE NEWTS; WATER; PRECIPITATION Journal Article Griffiths, R. A.;Raper, S. J. 1994 How many clumps are there in a mass of frog spawn? British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 50 14-17 Anura; Survey methods Journal Article Grillitsch, H. 1994 Book Review/Buchbesprechung: Verbreitung Ökologie und Schutz der Schlangen Deutschlands und angrenzender Gebiete Herpetozoa 7 1/2 74 Journal Article Grillitsch, Heinz;Tiedemann, Franz 1994 Die Grottenolm-Typen Leopold Fitzingers (Caudata: Proteidae: Proteus) [Leopold Fitzinger's types of the Olm (Caudata: Proteidae: Proteus)] Herpetozoa 7 3/4 139-148 anguinus morphology secondary sexual characters systematics taxonomy Journal Article Grimmond, N. M.;Preest, M. R.;Pough, F. Harvey 1994 Energetic cost of feeding on different kinds of prey for the lizard Chalcides ocellatus Functional Ecology 8 17-21 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1994 The orgin and evolution of the Peninsular herpetofauna of Baja California, México Herpetological Natural History 2 1 51-106 gulf of california biogeography tectonics vicariance dispersal Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1994 The origin and evolution of the Peninsular herpetofauna of Baja California, México Herpetological Natural History 2 1 51-106 gulf of california biogeography tectonics vicariance dispersal Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee;Mellink, Eric 1994 The addition of Sceloporus occidentalis to the herpetofauna of Isla de Cedros, Baja California, México and its historical and taxonomic implications Journal of Herpetology 28 1 120-126 Journal Article Grismer, L.L.;Ota, H.;Tanaka, S. 1994 Phylogeny, Classification, and Biogeography of Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata, Eublepharidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, with Description of a New Subspecies Zoological Science 11 2 319-335 SPECIES CONCEPT; INDIVIDUALS Journal Article Grismer, Jesse L. 1994 Food observations on the endemic Sierra San Pedro Mártir garter snake (Thamnophis elegans hueyi) from Baja California, México Herpetological Natural History 2 1 107-108 diet Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1994 A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaíno Peninsula, Baja California, México, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science 93 2 45-80 gambelia wislizenii coleonyx variegatus crotulus exsul bufo punctatus hyla regilla callisaurus draconoides cnemidophorus hyperythrus tigris dipsosaurus dorsalis phrynosoma coronatum sauromalus australis sceloporus magister uta stansburiana enyo hypsiglena torquata salvadora hexalepis trimorphodon biscutatus bipes biporus switaki chilomeniscus cinctus lampropeltis getula leptotyphlops humilis lichanura trivirgata masticophis flagellum pituophis melanoleucus Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1994 Three new species of intertidal side-blotched lizards (genus Uta) from the Gulf of California, México Herpetologica 50 4 451-474 encantadae tumidarostra lowei islas las encantadas el muerto coloradito encantada nasal salt gland Book Section Grismer, L. Lee 1994 Ecogeography of the peninsular herpetofauna of Baja California, México and its utility in historical biogeography Brown, Philip R. and Wright, John W. Herpetology of the North American Deserts. Proceedings of a Symposium Van Nuys, CA Southwestern Herpetologists Society Special Publication Number 5 89-125 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1994 Geographic origins for the reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, México Herpetological Natural History 2 2 17-40 Gulf of California; Baja California; México; Over-water dispersal; Vicariance; Island-hopping; Biogeography Journal Article Grismer, L. L.;McGuire, J. A.;Hollingsworth, B. D. 1994 A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California, Mexico, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 93 2 45-80 reptiles, amphibians, Journal Article Grismer, L. L. 1994 Three new species of intertidal side-blotched lizard (genus Uta) from the Gulf of California, Mexico Herpetologica 50 4 451-474 reptiles, lizard, species description, nasal salt gland, morphology, distribution, Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee;McGuire, Jimmy A.;Hollingsworth, Bradford D. 1994 A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaíno Peninsula, Baja California, México, with a discussion of its biogeographical and taxonomic implications Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 93 2 45-80 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee;Ota, Hidetoshi;Tanaka, Satoshi 1994 Phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, with a description of a new subspecies Zoological Science 11 319-335 Goniurosaurus kuroiwae toyamai n. ssp. Journal Article Grismer, L. L.;McGuire, J. A.;Hollingsworth, B. D. 1994 A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaíno Peninsula, Baja California, México with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 93 45-80 Journal Article Grismer, L. L.;Ota, H.;Tanaka, S. 1994 Phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of Goniurosaurus kuroiwae (Squamata: Eublepahridae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, with a description of a new subspecies Zool. Sci. 11 319-335 Journal Article Grist, E.P.M. 1994 Climatic Factors Affecting the Activity of Natterjacks (Bufo calamita) and Common Toads (Bufo bufo) Outside the Breeding Season: Mathias Revisited Herpetological Journal 4 4 126-131 Journal Article Griswold, Billy 1994 The Trans-Pecos rat snake Reptile & Amphibian magazine May/June 64-69 bogertophis subocularis Journal Article Griswold, Billy 1994 Herpeto-exchange: A review of European herpetoculture Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Sept./Oct. 40-49 Journal Article Griswold, Bill 1994 Hognose snake care Wisconsin Herpetological Society 1994 September 9-10 heterodon nasicus platirhinos Journal Article Griswold, Bill 1994 Venomous herpetofauna HOTS Reptile Research 4 9 5-9 venom Journal Article Grizzell, Jim 1994 Message from the president Jim Grizzell on captive bred & wild caught herps Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 4 6 Journal Article Grossenbacher, Kurt 1994 Zur systematik und verbreitung der alpensalamander (Salamandra atra atra, Salamandra atra aurorae, Salamandra lanzai) [Systematics and distribution of the alpine salamanders (Salamandra atra atra, Salamandra atra aurorae, Salamandra lanzai)] Abhandlungen und Berichte für Naturkunde 17 75-81 distribution dispersal morphology Journal Article Grossmann, Wolfgang 1994 Manouria impressa (Günther) Sauria 16 4 2 Manouria impressa Book Große, Wolf-Rüdiger 1994 Molche und Salamander [Newts and Salamanders] Leipzig Urania 103 PB. Salamanders; Newts Journal Article Große, Wolf-Rüdiger;Meyer, Frank 1994 Biologie und Ökologie der Kreuzkrote Berichte des Landesamtes für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt 14 1-95 Bufo calamita; Ecology; Biology Edited Book Große, Wolf-Rüdiger;Meyer, Frank 1994 Biologie und Ökologie der Kreuzkröte Halle/Saale, Germany Landesamtes für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt 95 Book Section Groves, John D. 1994 Husbandry and reproduction of the prehensile-tailed skink, Corucia zebrata Murphy, James B.;Adler, Kraig and Collins, Joseph T. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles Lawrence, KS SSAR 11 317-322 Journal Article Grychta, Udo 1994 Buchbesprechung: Schildkröten Sauria 16 1 26 Book Review Journal Article Grychta, Udo;Grychta, Ronny 1994 Haltung, Paarungsverhalten, Eiablage und Nachzucht der Großkopf-Schlammschildkröte Claudius angustatus Cope, 1865 [Keeping, mating behaviour, egg-laying, and breeding of the big-headed mud turtle Claudius angustatus Cope, 1865] Sauria 16 4 11-14 Claudius angustatus; Reptilia; Cryptodira; Kinosternidae; Husbandry; Inducing egg-laying; Incubation; Juveniles Journal Article Grychta, Udo;Grychta, Ronny 1994 Die Sonographie als Hilfsmittel bei unsicheren Tastbefunden bei Schnappschildkröten der Gattung Chelydra Schweigger, 1812 [Sonography as an aid in the case of insecure palpation results in the snapping turtles of the genus Chelydra Schweigger, 1812] Sauria 16 4 37-38 Chelydra serpentina; Reptilia; Testudines; Chelydridae; Sonography; Gravity Journal Article Guex, Gaston - Denis;Greven, Hartmut 1994 Structural and physiological aspects of viviparity in Salamandra atra Mertensiella 4 161-208 Salamandra atra; Oviduct; Zona trophica; Uterus; Uterine milieu; Spermatheca; Fertilization; Oophagy; Epitheliophagy Journal Article Guillaume, Claude-P.;Ineich, Ivan;Boissinot, Stéphane 1994 Allozyme evidence for specific status of the two French Polynesian skink species in the genus Emoia (Reptilia: Lacertilia) Copeia 1994 4 1042-1047 cyanura impar Journal Article Guillette, L.J.;Gross, T.S.;Masson, G.R.;Matter, J.M.;Percival, H.F.;Woodward, A.R. 1994 Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida Environmental Health Perspectives 102 8 680-688 alligators; estrogens; gonadal abnormalities; reptiles; testosterone; PLASMA-CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS; AMERICAN ALLIGATOR; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN-TREATED RATS; PITUITARY-RESPONSIVENESS; ADRENAL STEROIDOGENESIS; STEROID-HORMONES; EGGS; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; MISSISSIPPIENSIS Journal Article Guillette, L.J., Jr.;Gross, T.S.;Masson, G.R.;Matter, J.M.;Percival, H.F.;Woodward, A. 1994 Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida Environ. Health Perspect. 102 8 680-688 AM, disease, reproduction, endocrinology, biochemistry, FL The reproductive development of alligators from a contaminated and a control lake in central Florida was examined. Lake Apopka is adjacent to an EPA Superfund site, listed due to an extensive spill of dicofol and DDT or its metabolites. These compounds can act as estrogens. Contaminants in the lake also have been derived from extensive agricultural activities around the lake that continue today and a sewage treatment facility associated with the city of Winter Garden, Florida. We examined the hypothesis that an estrogenic contaminant has caused the current failure in recruitment of alligators on Lake Apopka. Supporting data include the following: At 6 months of age, female alligators from Lake Apopka had plasma estradiol-17 beta concentrations almost two times greater than normal females from the control lake, Lake Woodruff. The Apopka females exhibited abnormal ovarian morphology with large numbers of polyovular follicles and polynuclear oocytes. Male juvenile alligators had significantly depressed plasma testosterone concentrations comparable to levels observed in normal Lake Woodruff females but more than three times lower than normal Lake Woodruff males. Additionally, males from Lake Apopka had poorly organized testes and abnormally small phalli. The differences between lakes and sexes in plasma hormone concentrations of juvenile alligators remain even after stimulation with luteinizing hormone. Our data suggest that the gonads of juveniles from Lake Apopka have been permanently modified in ovo, so that normal steroidogenesis is not possible, and thus normal sexual maturation is unlikely. Book Section Guinea, M.L. 1994 Sea turtles of the Northern Territory (compiler), R. James Proceedings of the Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop Canberra Queensland Dep. Environ., and Heritage and Aust. Nat. Conserv. Agency 15-21 Journal Article Guix, Juan carlos;Nunes, Vânia da Silva;Miranda, José Roberto 1994 Autochthonous and colonizing species of frogs in "Carlos Botelho" State Reserve, southeastern Brazil Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 1994 5 8-13 Amphibian community; Colonizing species; Carlos Botelho State Reserve; Atlantic rainforest; Brazil; Bufo; Dendrophryniscus; Gastrotheca; Hyla; Phyllomedusa; Scinax; Spaenorhynchus; Adenomera; Crossodactylus; Eleutherodactylus; Leptodactylus; Physalaemus; Proceratophrys Journal Article Gulve, P.S. 1994 Distribution and extinction patterns within a northern metapopulation of the pool frog, Rana lessonae Ecology 75 5 1357-1367 colonization; conservation; extinction; isolation; local climate; metapopulation dynamics; persistence; predation; Rana lessonae; regional distribution; LOCAL EXTINCTION; POPULATION; PREFERENCE; DYNAMICS; PERSISTENCE; TURNOVER; SYSTEM; SIZE Journal Article Gumprecht, Andreas 1994 Buchbesprechung: Rat Snakes - A Hobbyist's Guide to Elaphe and Kin Sauria 16 3 2 Book Review Journal Article Gumprecht, Andreas 1994 Zur Kenntnis der Russischen Waldsteppenotter Vipera nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant & Rudajeva, 1986 [Towards the Knowledge of the Russian viper Vipera nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant, & Rudajeva, 1986] Sauria 16 4 27-33 Reptilia; Serpentes; Viperidae; Vipera nikolskii; Morphology; Coloration; Distribution; Biotope; Diet; Husbandry; Reproduction Journal Article Gunther, R. 1994 A New Species of the Genus Gekko (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Southern Vietnam Zoologischer Anzeiger 233 1-2 57-67 Gekko-Grossmanni Sp-Nov; Morphology; Ontogenesis; G-Petricolus; G-Ulikovskii; G-Badenii; Southern Vietnam Journal Article Gupta, Brij Kishor 1994 Survivorship and timing of reproduction in the Round Island gecko (Phelsuma guentheri) in captivity Hamadryad 19 67-70 mortality seasonality Book Gurley, Russ 1994 A Color Guide to Tarantulas of the World Ada, Oklahoma Russ Gurley and Living Art 41 Journal Article Gustafson, Mark P. 1994 Size-specific interactions among larvae of the plethodontid salamanders Gyrinophilus porphyriticus and Eurycea cirrigera Journal of Herpetology 28 4 470-476 interspecific interactions behavior COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS; INTRAGUILD PREDATION; BODY SIZE; COMPETITION; BISLINEATA; DESMOGNATHUS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIOR Book Section Guyer, C. 1994 Mate limitation in male Norops humilis Vitt, L. J. and Pianka, E. R. Lizard Ecology: Historical and Experimental Perspectives Princeton, N.J. Princeton University Press 145-158 reptiles, lizards, behavioral ecology, reproduction, density, population Journal Article Guyot, G.;Pieau, C.;Renous, S. 1994 Embryonic Development of the Terrestrial Turtle Testudo hermanni Gmelin, 1789 Annales Des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 15 3 115-137 Development; Embryos; Growth; Chelonians; Testudo Journal Article Günther, Rainer 1994 Eine neue Art der Gattung Gekko (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae) aus dem Süden Vietnams [A new species of the genus Gekko (Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae) from southeren Vietnam] Zoologischer Anzeiger 233 1/2 57-67 Gekko grossmanni n. sp. Journal Article Gyuris, E. 1994 The Rate of Predation by Fishes on Hatchlings of the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Coral Reefs 13 3 137-144 LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; ISLAND Journal Article Haagner, G. V.;Branch, W. R. 1994 A taxonomic revision of the dusky-bellied water snake, Lycodonomorphus laevissimus (Serpentes: Colubridae) Journal of African Zoology 108 237-250 Journal Article Habermehl, Gerhard 1994 The biological relevance of Salamandra venom Mertensiella 4 209-214 Salamandra venom; Samandarine; Antibiotic activity Journal Article Hackett, Steve 1994 My "wild caught" iguana NTHS News 12 9 5 Journal Article Haddad, Célio F. B.;Pombal, José P.;Batistic, Radenka F. 1994 Natural Hybridization between diploid and tetraploid species of leaf-frogs, genus Phyllomedusa (Amphibia) Journal of Herpetology 28 4 425-430 distincta tetraploidea burmeisteri karyotype call distribution Journal Article Haddad, Célio F. B.;Martins, Marcio 1994 Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): Taxonomy and natural history observations Herpetologica 50 3 282-295 vocalizations distribution tadpoles braccatus flavopictus hahneli Taxonomy; Amphibia; Dendrobatidae; Epipedobates; Vocalizations; Distribution; Tadpoles; Natural History Journal Article Hadjisterkotis, Eleftherios;Reese, David S. 1994 Paleontological and archaeological evidence for turtles on Cyprus, with new information on living tortoises British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 49 16-18 Book Section Haebler, R. 1994 Biological Effects: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Burger, J. Before and After an Oil Spill: the Arthur Kill 30 College Ave, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Rutgers Univ Press 238-252 Journal Article Haene, E. H. 1994 Pleurodema tucumana (Anura: Leptodactylidae) en la provincia de San Juan, Republica Argentina Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 2 231 Pleurodema tucumana Book Section Hafeli, W. 1994 Endoscopic sex determination in juvenile turtles Ippen, R./Hofmann, R.R. 36. Internationalen Symposiums uber die Erkrankungen der Zootiere Berlin, Germany 36 159-162 Reptilia, testudines, anatomy, genitals, sex, Endoscopy Journal Article Hager, Stephen B. 1994 Sceloporus occidentalis (western fence lizard). Association Herpetological Review 25 3 122 Journal Article Hahne, Andreas;Fenske, Reiner 1994 Haltung und Zucht der Perleidechse Lacerta lepida lepida Daudin, 1802 - Erfahrungen aus Terrarien- und Freilandhaltung [Keeping and Breeding Lacerta lepida lepida Daudin, 1802 - Experiences made in the terrarium and outdoors] Sauria 16 3 17-23 Reptilia; Sauria; Lacertidae; Lacerta l. lepida; Husbandry; Behavior; Hibernation; Breeding; Incubation; Rearing juveniles Journal Article Hakansson, Tony 1994 Sweden: popular krokodiles Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 3 10 Book Section Halfpenny, Steven C. 1994 The care and breeding of Johnston's chameleon, Chamaeleo johnstoni, in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 71-75 Journal Article Hall, R. J.;Haagner, G. V. 1994 Life history notes on captive propagation of Lamprophis aurora, the Aurora house-snake Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 4 36 Journal Article Hall, Philip M.;Portier, Kenneth M. 1994 Cranial morphometry of New Guinea crocodiles (Crocodylus novaeguineae): Ontogenetic variation in relative growth of the skull and an assessment of it utility as a predictor of the sex and size of individuals Herpetological Monographs 8 203-225 growth morphology Journal Article Hall, J.C. 1994 Central processing of communication sounds in the anuran auditory system American Zoologist 34 6 670-684 DORSAL MEDULLARY NUCLEUS; EFFERENT INNERVATION PATTERNS; AMPLITUDE-MODULATED SOUNDS; SUPERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS; RANA-P-PIPIENS; LEOPARD FROG; FREQUENCY-SELECTIVITY; TORUS SEMICIRCULARIS; TEMPORAL PARAMETERS; SINGLE NEURONS Journal Article Hall, Russell J. 1994 Herpetofaunal diversity of the Four Holes Swamp, South Carolina USDI, NBS Resource Publication 198 iv, 1-43 Journal Article Hall, Jim C. 1994 Central processing of communication sounds in the Anuran auditory system American Zoologist 34 670-684 Journal Article Hallermann, Jakob 1994 Zur Morphologie der Ethmoidalregion der Iguana (Squamata)-eine vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchung Bonner Zoologische Monographien 35 1-133 Phylogenetic analysis; Iguanian; Morphology Journal Article Halliday, Tim 1994 Marking amphibians by toe-clipping Froglog 10 2-3 Journal Article Hamann, Michael;Uthoff, Hans-Dieter 1994 Amphibien und reptilien in Gelsenkirchen [Amphibians and Reptiles of Gelsenkirchen] Zeitchrift für Feldherpetologie 1 1/2 103-134 Amphibians; Reptiles; Gelsenkirchen, Germany; Urban ecology Journal Article Hambler, C. 1994 Giant Tortoise Geochelone gigantea Translocation to Curieuse-Island (Seychelles) - Success or Failure Biological Conservation 69 3 293-299 Tortoise; Translocation; Curieuse; Seychelles; Feral; ALDABRA ATOLL; INDIAN-OCEAN; POPULATIONS Journal Article Hamdoun, Amro 1994 The meaning of legislation Northern California Herpetological Society Newsletter 13 2 4-6 Journal Article Hammer, Barry 1994 Herp of the month [cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga] Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 4 1 Journal Article Hammond, Daniel 1994 Blue tongued lizard Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 15 38-48 tiliqua scincoides Journal Article Hampicke, Ulrich 1994 Ethics and economics of conservation Biological Conservation 67 219-231 ecological natural amenity valuation cost-benefit analysis costs Journal Article Hanger, Jon 1994 First aid and care of reptiles Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 19 5-10 Journal Article Hanke, W.;Kloas, W. 1994 Hormonal regulation of osmomineral content in Amphibia Zoological Science 11 1 5-14 ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-FACTOR; FROG ADRENAL-GLAND; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; BINDING-SITES; CHROMAFFIN CELLS; ANGIOTENSIN-II; CORTICOSTEROID SECRETION; LOCALIZATION; INVITRO; KIDNEY Journal Article Hanken, James;Wake, David B. 1994 Five new species of minute salamanders, genus Thorius (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from northern Oaxaca, Mexico Copeia 1994 3 573-590 aureus osteology arboreus habitat distribution boreas smithi insperatus macdougalli PLETHODONTIDAE; AMPHIBIA; MINIATURIZATION; MORPHOLOGY Journal Article Hanken, James;Thorogood, Peter 1994 Evolution and development of the vertebrate skull: the role of pattern formation Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8 9-15 Amphibia, Anura, development, osteology, morphology, evolution Journal Article Hankla, Benji 1994 From the heart of Okeetee New York Herpetological Society Newsletter 1994 151 7 Journal Article Hanley, Kathryn A.;Bolger, Douglas T.;Case, Ted 1994 Comparative ecology of sexual and asexual gecko species (Lepidodactylus) in French Polynesia Evolutionary Ecology 8 435-454 gecko parthenogenesis sex lugubris Journal Article Hanley, Kathryn A.;Bolger, Douglas T.;Case, Ted J. 1994 Comparative ecology of sexual and asexual geck species (Lepidodactylus) in French Polynesia Evolutionary Ecology 8 438-454 parthenogen lugubris Journal Article Hansen, H.J.M.;Olsen, A.G.;Willumsen, N.J. 1994 The influence of ambient salinity and temperature on lipid metabolism in toad (Bufo bufo) skin. Is phosphatidylethanolamine an endogenous regulator of ion channels? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 108 4 599-608 lipid metabolism; Bufo bufo; mitochondria-rich cells; osmoregulation; phosphatidylethanolamine; SALT-TRANSPORTING ORGANS; EEL ANGUILLA-ANGUILLA; CHLORIDE CELLS; GILL EPITHELIUM; KEY SUBSTANCE; FATTY-ACIDS; FISH; MEMBRANE; TELEOST; LOCALIZATION Journal Article Hanson, Kimberly;Snyder, Jon;Kats, Lee 1994 Taricha torosa (California newt). Diet Herpetological Review 25 2 62 Journal Article Harding, James H. 1994 The green frog: An amphibian success story - so far Reptile & Amphibian magazine May/June 29-36 Rana clamitans melanota Journal Article Hardy, David L. 1994 A re-evaluation of suffocation as the cause of death during constriction by snakes Herpetological Review 25 2 45-47 constriction cardiac arrest asphyxia Journal Article Hardy, David L. 1994 Venomous snakes of Costa Rica: comments on feeding behavior, venom, and human envenoming Sonoran Herpetologist 7 12 108-113 snake bite micrurus alleni yatesi clarki multifasciatus hertwigi nigrocinctus mosquitensis agkistrodon bilineatus howardgloydi atropoides nummifer mexicanum picadoi bothriechis lateralis schlegelii nigroviridis bothrops asper cerrophidion godmani crotalus durissus lachesis muta stenophrys melanocephalus porthidium nasutum ophryomegas Journal Article Hardy, David L. 1994 Bothrops asper (Viperidae) snakebite and field researchers in Middle America Biotropica 26 2 198-207 treatment extractor first aid Journal Article Hardy, Laurence M. 1994 Book Review: The Gila Monster and Its Allies - The Relationships, Habits, and Behavior of the Lizards of the Family Helodermatidae Copeia 1994 4 1066-1068 Journal Article Hardy, David L., Sr. 1994 Snakebite and field biologists in México and Central America: Report on ten cases with recommendations for field management Herpetological Natural History 2 2 67-82 Bothrops asper; Case histories; México; Central America; Snakebite Journal Article Hardy, D. L., Sr. 1994 Bothrops asper (Viperidae) snakebite and field researchers in middle America Biotropica 26 2 198-207 reptiles, snakes, envenomation, first aid, snakebite risk, electric shock, suction, effects Journal Article Harkavy, Roger 1994 Mudpuppies Reptile & Amphibian magazine May/June 59-63 Necturus maculosus proteus anguineus alabamensis beyeri punctatus Journal Article Harling, Richard 1994 The successful keeping and breeding of Anolis carolinensis British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 50 30-33 Anolis carolinensis Journal Article Harold, Antony S.;Mooi, Randall D. 1994 Areas of endemism: Definition and recognition criteria Systematic Biology 43 2 261-266 Journal Article Harp, Julie Ann 1994 Gophers and bulls Bulletin of The Alberta Reptile and Amphibian Society 3 1 9-11 Journal Article Harris, Dennis M. 1994 Review of the teiid lizard genus Ptychoglossus Herpetological Monographs 8 226-275 bolivia colombia costa rica ecuador hemipenis morphology natural history neotropics new species panama peru squamata surinam systematics teiidae venezuela bilieneatus bicolor brevifrontalis danieli eurlepis festae gorgonae kugleri myersi nicefori plicatus romaleos stenolepis vallensis grandisquamatus Journal Article Harrison, Colin 1994 A note on temperature gradients in ponds Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 2 55-56 Journal Article Harrison, James T. 1994 Conroversial snakebite physician dies Notes From NOAH 22 2 9 Journal Article Harrison, Colin J. O.;Bentley, Julian E. 1994 Some observations on unpalatability in newts and salamanders Herptile 19 4 175-176 Journal Article Harte, J.;Hoffman, E. 1994 Acidification and Salamander Recruitment Bioscience 44 3 125-126 Journal Article Harte, J.;Hoffman, E. 1994 Salamander Recruitment in Rockies Revisited Bioscience 44 6 381 Journal Article Harte, John;Hoffman, Erika 1994 Acidification and salamander recruitment Bioscience 44 3 125-126 Book Section Hartley, Simon 1994 Spawning and rearing the Parsley frog (Pelodytes punctatus) in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 242-253 notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Hartmann, Trish Plumb 1994 Family Iguanidae JHS News 8 7 1;5 sceloporus undulatus Journal Article Harvey, Michael B.;Smith, Eric N. 1994 A new species of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from cloud forests in Bolivia Herpetologica 50 1 32-38 quechua veraguensis justinanoi Anura; Bolivia; Bufo; New Species; Bufo-Quecua; Bufo-Veraguensis; Bufonidae; PERU Journal Article Harvey, Michael B. 1994 A new species of montane pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Bothrops) from Cochabamba, Bolivia Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 107 1 60-66 Journal Article Hasan, N.;Pandey, A.K.;Swarup, K. 1994 Response of serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels of Bufo andersoni, Calotes versicolor and Sinonatrix piscator to procine glucagon administration National Academy Science Letters - India 17 11-12 231-235 glucagon; serum calcium; serum inorganic phosphate; herpetiles Journal Article Hasegawa, Masami;Mori, Akira;Moriguchi, Hajime 1994 Growth and reproduction of Elaphe quadrivirgata on Tadanae-jima, Izu Islands Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 4 143 Journal Article Hasegawa, M. 1994 Insular radiation in life history of the lizard Eumeces okadae in the izu islands, Japan Copeia 17 3 732-747 Reptilia, sauria, Eumeces okadae, physiology, predation, The life history of Eumeces okadae, an endemic lizard of the Izu Islands, Japan, was studied to determine whether life-history traits varied in relation to island biota. Analysis of predation revealed that populations of E. okadae were classifiable into three types that suffered predation mainly from insectivorous birds, snakes, or carnivorous mammals. Extremely high population densities (>100 lizards seen per hour of census) were found on islands where only avian predators were present. A suite of traits, including annual reproduction, large clutches (8.8) of small eggs (412 mg), and early maturity (2 yr) with a small body size at maturity (64 mm SVL), was found on islands with a high predation intensity mainly from carnivorous mammals. Biennial reproduction, small clutches (6.5-7.5) of large eggs (569-591 mg), and delayed maturity (3-4 yr) with a large mature size (72- 75 mm) were found on islands with low overall predation but potentially severe predation on juveniles from insectivorous birds. Intermediate life-history traits were found on islands with moderate predation pressure from snakes. Analyses of prey abundance and stomach contents suggested that E. okadae on high-density islands experienced low prey availability, probably because of exploitation and intraspecific competition. Strong predation impact, along with variation in prey availability and intensity of intraspecific competition, have molded the ecological course of divergence in the life history of different E. okadae populations. Journal Article Hasegawa, M.;Taniguchi, Y. 1994 Visual avoidance of a conspicuously colored carabid beetle Dischissus mirandus by the lizard Eumeces okadae Journal of Ethology 12 9-14 visual avoidance, Carabid beetle, Dischissus mirandus, lizard, Eumeces okadae Journal Article Hasegawa, M. 1994 Insular radiation in life history of the lizard Eumeces okadae in the Izu Islands, Japan Copeia 3 732-747 insular radiation, life history, lizard, Eumeces okadae, Japan Journal Article Haskell, Alison;Pokras, Mark A. 1994 Nonlethal blood and muscle tissue collection from redbelly turtles for genetic studies Herpetological Review 25 1 11-12 Journal Article Hassett, Ron 1994 Reflections of a zoo volunteer Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 7 71-72 Journal Article Hasumi, Matsato;Hasegawa, Yoshinori;Iwasawa, Hisaaki 1994 Water absorption in the egg sac of the salamander Hynobius nigrescens Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 3 97-100 estimating oviposition date Journal Article Hasumi, Masato 1994 Reproductive behavior of the salamander Hynobius nigrescens: Monoply of egg sacs during scramble competition Journal of Herpetology 28 2 264-267 SEASONAL-CHANGES Journal Article Hatch, Kent A.;Stein, Joel D. 1994 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (six-lined racerunner). Oophagy Herpetological Review 25 2 65 Journal Article Havelin, Michael 1994 Reptiles close-up: Macrophotography of reptiles Reptiles 2 2 22-27 Journal Article Hawgood, B. J. 1994 The life and viper of Dr Patrick Russell MD FRS (1727-1805): physician and naturalist Toxicon 32 11 1295-304 It is nearly two hundred years since the publication in 1796 of An Account of Indian Serpents collected on the Coast of Coromandel by Patrick Russell. Within the folio is a drawing and description of the venomous snake called Katuka Rekula Poda in the local Telugu language, whose venom was shown experimentally by Dr Russell to be nearly as lethal as that of Cobra de Capello. The snake is now known as Vipera russelli or Russell's viper. Dr Russell was representative of the naturalistic tendency of British medicine in the late 18th century. He was a keen observer and skilled doctor in clinical practice, particularly in Aleppo, Syria, during an outbreak of the plague, and indefatigable in his study of plant and animal life both in Aleppo and later in the Madras Province of India. As a physician as well as Naturalist to the East India Company in the Carnatic he was concerned with the problem of snakebite. His first aim was to find a means whereby the non-specialist could distinguish between poisonous and harmless snakes and so combat the terrible notion that all bites were mortal. His writing, encompassing social and natural histories and climaxed by a study of snakes, has left a rich legacy. Dr Patrick Russell was a man of the highest integrity and ability, a physician and naturalist par excellence. Journal Article Hawkes, Tim;O'Brien, Michael 1994 Care of newly hatched childrens pythons Liasis maculosus Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 20 25-26 Journal Article Hay, Bob 1994 Ornate Box turtle alert Wisconsin Herpetological Society May 6 Journal Article Hayes, Alycin 1994 The Aldabra tortoise: Land giant Reptile & Amphibian magazine March/April 25-30 geochelone gigantea captivity diet breeding Journal Article Hayes-Odum, Louise;Bailey, Lorena;Kennedy, toni Hill;Cowman, Deborah;Reiff, Patricia 1994 Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator). Nests Herpetological Review 25 3 119 Magazine Article Hazen-Hammond, Susan 1994 "Horny toads" enjoy a special place in Western hearts 82-92 Journal Article Hazen-Hammond, Susan 1994 'Horny toads' enjoy a special place in western hearts Smithsonian 25 9 83-92 Journal Article Hazey, Mike 1994 A look back at the '93 NOAH field trip Notes From NOAH 21 6 13 Journal Article Häfeli, W. 1994 Endoscopic sex determination in juvenile turtles Endoskopische Geschlechtsbestimmung juveniler Schildkröten Verh. Ber. Erkrg. Zootiere 36 159-162 Reptilia, testudines, anatomy, sex, determination, endoscopy Reprint Endnote 94/152 Journal Article Häfeli, W. 1994 Endoskopische Geschlechtsbestimmung juveniler Schildkröten. Verhber. Erkrg. Zootiere, Kristiansand 36 159-162 Reptilia, testudines, anatomy, sex, age, youth Journal Article Häupl, Michael;Tiedemann, Franz;Grillitsch, Heinz 1994 Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung nach dem Stand vom 1. Jänner 1994 Teil I: Amphibia Kataloge Band 9. der wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Vertebrata Heft 3 9 Vertebrata Heft 3 1-46 Type specimen catalog Vienna Journal Article Healy, J.M.;Jamieson, B.G.M. 1994 The ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and epididymal spermatozoa of the tuatara Sphenodon punctatus (Sphenodontida, Amniota) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 344 1308 187-199 SPERM BASIC-PROTEINS; HEAD; SPERMIOGENESIS; CLASSIFICATION; SQUAMATA Journal Article Heathcote, Peter 1994 Some notes to aid sucessful hibernation for the Mediterranean tortoise Reptilian 2 10 33-35 Journal Article Heathcote, Peter 1994 Proteus Reptile Rescue Reptilian 2 9 6 Journal Article Heatonjones, T.G.;King, R.R. 1994 Characterization of the Electrocardiogram of the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 1 40-47 American Alligator; Alligator Mississippiensis; Crocodilian; Reptile; Electrocardiogram Journal Article Heatwole, Harold 1994 Natural history of sea snakes Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 18 6-15 Journal Article Heatwole, Harold;Taylor, Janet 1994 Activity cycles Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 18 23-26 Edited Book Heatwole, Harold;Barthalmus, George T. 1994 Amphibian Biology. Volume I. The Integument Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons PTY Ltd 1 418 Edited Book Heatwole, Harold 1994 Amphibian Biology. Vol. 1. Skin Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons 2 Edited Book Heatwole, Harold;Barthalmus, George T. 1994 Amphibian Biology. Vol. 1. Skin Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons 2 418 Journal Article Hebert, P. 1994 Tea for Toads New Scientist 142 1921 54 Journal Article Heckel, J.O.;Sisson, D.C.;Quist, C.F. 1994 Apparent fatal snakebite in three hawks Journal of Wildlife Diseases 30 4 616-619 snakebite; raptor; red-tailed hawk; Buteo jamaicensis; Cooper's hawk; Accipiter cooperii; cottonmouth; Agkistrodon piscivorus; eastern diamondback rattlesnake; Crotalus adamanteus Journal Article Hecnar, S.J. 1994 Nest distribution, site selection, and brooding in the five-lined skink (Eumeces fasciatus) Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 72 8 1510-1516 REPTILIAN EGGS; MOISTURE; BEHAVIOR; EMBRYOS; LIZARD Journal Article Hedges, S.B.;Hass, C.A.;Maxson, L.R. 1994 Towards a Biogeography of the Caribbean - Reply Cladistics - the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society 10 1 43-55 ALBUMIN EVOLUTION; XANTUSIID LIZARDS; ANOLIS LIZARDS; PHYLOGENY; SYSTEMATICS; NONRECIPROCITY; CLADOGRAMS; SAURIA; MODEL; FROGS Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair 1994 Molecular evidence for the orgin of birds Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 91 2621-2624 phylogeny evolution ribosomal DNA RNA Journal Article Hedges, S.B. 1994 Global Amphibian Declines - A Perspective from the Caribbean (Vol 2, Pg 290, 1993) Biodiversity and Conservation 3 1 94 Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Sibley, Charles G. 1994 Molecules vs. morphology in avian evolution: The case of the "pelecaniform" birds Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91 9861-9865 Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair;Bezy, Robert L. 1994 Reply: Xantusiid lizards and phylogenetic inference Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 3 275-278 Journal Article Hedges, S. B. 1994 Molecular evidence for the origin of birds Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 7 2621-2624 biochemistry, genetics, evolution, fossil, The major groups of amniote vertebrates appeared during a relatively short time span at the end of the Paleozoic Era, a fact that has caused difficulty in estimating their relationships. The fossil record suggests that crocodilians are the closest living relatives of birds. However, morphological characters and molecular sequence data from living amniotes have repeatedly challenged this hypothesis by indicating a bird-mammal relationship. DNA sequences from four slow-evolving genes (mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA, tRNAVal, and nuclear alpha-enolase) now provide strong statistical support for a bird-crocodilian relationship. Book Section Hedrick, A. V. 1994 The heritability of mate-attractive traits: a case study on field crickets Boake, C. R. B. Quantitative genetic stdies of behavioral evolution Chicago The University of Chicago Press 228-250 Insecta, sexual selection, genetics, acoustic communication, Journal Article Heideman, N. J. L. 1994 Reproduction in Agama aculeata aculeata and Agama planiceps planiceps females from Windhoek, Namibia Amphibia-Reptilia 15 4 351-361 iteroparous clutch size relative clutch mass egg size hatchling size crypsis Journal Article Heinen, Joel T. 1994 The significance of color change in newly metamorphosed American toads (Bufo a. americanus) Journal of Herpetology 28 1 87-93 crypsis MICROHABITAT SELECTION; GARTER SNAKES; TRADE-OFF; PREDATION; BEHAVIOR; CHROMATOPHORES; EFFICIENCY Journal Article Heinen, Joel T. 1994 Antipredator behavior of newly metamorphosed American toads (Bufo a. americanus), and mechanisms of hunting by Eastern garter snakes (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) Herpetologica 50 2 137-145 antipredator behavior predation risk avoidance Antipredator Behavior; Bufo-Americanus; Thamnophis-Sirtalis; Predation Risk; Predator Avoidance; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; CHEMICAL CUES; SALAMANDERS; AVOIDANCE; LARVAE; FISH; STRATEGIES; STONEFLIES; RESPONSES; SELECTION Journal Article Heinen, J. T. 1994 Antipredator behavior of newly metamorphosed American toads (Bufo a. americanus), and mechanisms of hunting by Eastern garter snakes (Thamnophis s sirtalis) Herpetologica 50 2 137-145 Amphibia, American toad, Bufo a. americanus, Eastern garter snakes, Thamnophis s sirtalis, Antipredator behavior The results of three experiments on behavioral mechanisms in predator-prey relations between newly metamorphosed American toads (Bufo americanus) and eastern garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) are reported. Toads responded with stereotypical antipredator behavior (crouching and lowering rates of motion) to the sight of any live snake, including known toad predators (garter snakes) and non-predators (ringneck snake, Diadophis punctatus, and green snake, Opheodrys vernalis). Toads did not respond to snake odors, to a non-moving garter snake, or to an adult toad, but they responded to an adult leopard frog. Actively hunting snakes were observed, and the posture and movement of toads within 10 cm of the predator were recorded before and after contact between predator and prey. Toads that did not move and remained crouched during the sequence were less likely to be captured than those that moved and/or were upright. Tongue contacts were much more likely to lead to capture than trunk or head contacts. Hungry toads moved more frequently than non-hungry toads and were more likely to be captured by garter snakes. Journal Article Heinen, Joel T. 1994 Antipredator behavior of newly metamorphosed American toads (Bufo a. americanus), and mechanisms of hunting by eastern garter snakes (Thamnophis S. sirtalis) Herpetologica 50 137-145 antipredator behavior, Bufo americanus, Thamnophis sirtalis, predation risk, predator avoidance Book Section Hemley, G. 1994 Monitoring the international crocodilian trade: useful tools or useless bureaucracy Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 2nd Regional (Eastern Asia, Oceania, Australasia) meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Printed by Government Printers, Northern Territory, Australia for the Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, PO Box 496, Palmerston, Australia 0831. Journal Article Henneman, Michael 1994 Is this a dangerous animal Cold Blooded News 21 7 1;3 Journal Article Henneman, Michael 1994 A lined surprise: Never assume the obvious is true.....sometimes it's not Cold Blooded News 21 10 5 tropidoclonion lineatum Journal Article Hensley, Rebecca A.;McCoid, Michael J. 1994 Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus (snake-eyed skink). Activity Herpetological Review 25 3 121 Journal Article Hensley, Frank R. 1994 Sternotherus minor (Loggerhead musk turtle) foraging depth Herpetological Review 26 99 Sternotherus minor, loggerhead musk turtle Journal Article Herbst, L.H. 1994 Fibropapillomatosis of marine turtles Annual Review of Fish Diseases 4 389-425 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, helonia mydas, infection, virus, fibropapillomatosis, neoplasia Reprint Endnote 95/108 Journal Article Hermann, Ralf 1994 Anmerkungen über eine unerwartete Nachzucht der ostafrikanischen Eierschlange Dasypeltis medici lamuensis Gans, 1957 [Remarks on an unexpected breeding of the east African egg-eater Dasypeltis medici lamuensis Gans, 1957] Sauria 16 3 3-9 Dasypeltis medici lamuensis; Reptilia; Serpentes; Colubridae; Husbandry; Behavior; Breeding Journal Article Hermann, Ralf 1994 Dasypeltis scabra (Linnaeus) Sauria, Supplement 16 3 289-296 Dasypeltis scabra Journal Article Hermida, G. N.;Fiorito, L. E. 1994 Estereoultrestructura del pulmon de anuros bufonidos. I. Bufo arenarum Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 25-29 Bufo arenarum Journal Article Hernandez, L.;Delibes, M.;Hiraldo, F. 1994 Role of Reptiles and Arthropods in the Diet of Coyotes in Extreme Desert Areas of Northern Mexico Journal of Arid Environments 26 2 165-170 COMPARATIVE FOOD-HABITS Journal Article Hernando, A. 1994 Cariotipo y región organizadora del nucleolo en Teius teyou (daudin, 1802) (Squamata: Teiidae) Cuadernos de Herpetología 8 1 87-89 Teius teyou; Karyotype Book Hero, Jean-Marc;Fickling, Sheree 1994 A guide to Stream-Dwelling Frogs of the Wet Tropics rainforests Townsville, Qld James Cook University 28 Journal Article Herreno-Saenz, D.;Ortiz, J. R.;Baez, A. 1994 Effects of 3-nitrobenzothiazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium chloride (NBQ) and doxorubicin on lens regeneration in the adult newt: a morphological study Differentiation 55 3 169-74 Animal; Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology; Cell Division/drug effects/physiology; Doxorubicin/*pharmacology; Lens, Crystalline/cytology/*physiology; Mitosis/drug effects; Quinolinium Compounds/*pharmacology; Regeneration/drug effects/*physiology; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors The antitumor drug 3-nitrobenzothiazolo [3,2-a] quinolinium chloride (NBQ) stimulates the in vivo lens regeneration in the adult newt Notophthalmus viridescens and induces a differentiated state in HL-60 leukemia cells. Because the cytotoxic drug doxorubicin (Adriamycin) induces differentiation of HL-60 cells in vitro we decided to compare the effect(s) of doxorubicin with NBQ on lens regeneration in vivo. Both drugs were injected intraperitoneally at six different schedules. Morphological criteria of the different regeneration stages were used in the analysis of the regenerates. NBQ stimulated lens regeneration independently of the time intervals and the stage of regeneration at which the drug was administered. There was an increase in the mean number of mitoses suggesting that NBQ stimulated cell proliferation. Doxorubicin administered for five days did not modify the regenerative process. On the other hand, doxorubicin given for periods of nine or more days after lentectomy, strongly inhibited the formation of a new lens. Thus, the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin is dependent on the continuous long term contact with the tissue. Although NBQ and doxorubicin are both DNA intercalators, they induced the effects on lens regeneration through different mechanisms. Journal Article Herrmann, H.-J.;Kabisch, E. 1994 Biological investigations of Bufo gargarizans Cantor 1842 on southern Sakhalin Russian Journal of Herpetology 1 2 98-107 variation far east Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Neue Literatur: Wörterbuch der Herpetologie TI Magazin 1994 120 69-70 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 In den Adelaide Hills - die tier- und Pflanzenwelt Sudaustraliens. II. Teil TI Magazin 1994 120 41-46 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Madagassische frösche im terrarium. 2. Teil [Madagascar Frogs in the terrarium. Part 2] TI Magazin 1994 117 35-39 mantidactylus bicalcaratus opiparis scaphiophryne gottlebii marmorata pustulosum brevis sacharomyces cerevisiae xenopus laevis dyscophus antongili guineti platypelis tubifera zophobas morio Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim;Wieser, K. H. 1994 Grasfrösche am gertenteich [Grassfrogs in the garden pond] TI Magazin 1994 117 44-47 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Madagassische frösche im terrarium. 3. Teil [Madagascar Frogs in the terrarium. Part 3] TI Magazin 1994 118 39-41 Rhacophorus aglyptodactylus boophis heterixalus friedrichsi madagascariensis hyperolius rutenbergii betsileo tricolor Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Im zauberhaften Hochgebirgs Paradies TI Magazin 1994 118 60-67 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Molchmännchen im Hochzeitskleid [males salamanders during breeding season] TI Magazin 1994 119 32-36 triturus carnifex cristatus dobrogicus karelini vittatus ophryticus montandoni vulgaris marmoratus alpestris apuanus Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Neue Literatur: Schlangen der Welt Lebensraum - Biologie - Haltung TI Magazin 1994 119 64 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Neue Literatur: Geckos, Biologie, Haltung und Zucht TI Magazin 1994 119 66 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Neue Literatur: Reptilien und Amphibien TI Magazin 1994 119 66 Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Das Terrarium für den Anfänger [The Terrarium for Beginners] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 184 Edited Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim;Zimmermann, Helmut 1994 Beiträge zur Biologie der Anuren [Contributions to the Biology of Anurans] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 185 Book Section Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Exposition von anuren in schauanlagen [Exhibiting anurans in display cases] Herrmann, Hans-Joachim and Zimmermann, Helmut Beiträge zur Biologie der Anuren [Contributions to the Biology of Anurans] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 4-12 Book Section Herrmann, Hans-Joachim;Engelhardt, M.;Wendorf, M. 1994 Über haltung und vermehrung von Phrynohyas venulosa hebes (Cope 1862) im amphibien-vivarium Herrmann, Hans-Joachim and Zimmermann, Helmut Beiträge zur Biologie der Anuren [Contributions to the Biology of Anurans] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 138-145 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim;Kabisch, Klaus 1994 Some aspects about Salamandra salamandra (Linné, 1758) from the literature of the 16th to the 18th Century Mertensiella 4 215-223 Salamandra salamandra; Historical Literature; Taxonomic view; Distributional view; Medical application; Mystical interpretation Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1994 Das Terrarium für den Anfänger Melle, Germany Tetra 184 Journal Article Herron, Jon C. 1994 Body size, spatial distribution, and microhabitat use in the caimans, Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus in a Peruvian lake Journal of Herpetology 28 4 508-513 Journal Article Herz, Mario 1994 Beobachtungen an Breitrandschilkröten Testudo marginata Schoepff, 1792 in freier Natur Sauria 16 1 27-30 Reptilia; Testudines; Cryptodira; Testudinidae; Testudo marginata; natural habitat; Greece Journal Article Herzog, Karen 1994 Five boas raised at zoo slither back into wild The Wisconsin Herpetological Society March 9-10 Book Heselhaus, Ralf 1994 Poison-Arrow Frogs: Their Natural History and Care in Captivity Sanibel Island, FL Ralph Curtis - Books 112 Book Heselhaus, Ralf;Schmidt, Matthias 1994 Harlequin Frogs: A Complete Guide Neptune, NJ TFH 64 Book Heselhaus, Ralf 1994 Taggeckos, Phelsuma [Daygeckos] Stuttgart Ulmer 92 Phelsuma Journal Article Hess, Carl A. 1994 The frog derby Reptile & Amphibian magazine 1994 26, January/February 80-84 Journal Article Hess, Carl 1994 It's about scale... not scales! Reptile & Amphibian Magazine July/August 41-43 Journal Article Hess, Martyn 1994 Safe and easy way to eliminate mites Journal of the San Joaquin Herpetological Society 3 6 60-61 treatment Book Section Hetz, Stefan K.;Zimmermann, Helmut 1994 Das madagassische Goldfröschen Mantella aurantiaca (Moquard, 1900) in seinem biotop - Verbreitung, habitatansprüche und Gefährdung Herrmann, Hans-Joachim and Zimmermann, Helmut Beiträge zur Biologie der Anuren [Contributions to the Biology of Anurans] Melle, Germany Tetra Verlag 49-55 Journal Article Heulin, Benoit;Osenegg, Kirsten;Michel, David 1994 Survie et incubation des ¦ufs dans deux populations ovipares de Lacerta vivipara [Incubation and survival of eggs from two oviparous populations of Lacerta vivipara] Amphibia-Reptilia 15 2 199-219 france predation egg mortality reproduction fecundity viviparous Journal Article Hewavisenthi, S. 1994 The embryo and hatchling mortality of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and olive ridley (Leptidochelys olivacea) in relation to clutch size Herpetological Journal 4 3 73-76 Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1994 Hyla benitezi (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae): First record for Brazil and its biogeographical significance Journal of Herpetology 28 4 497-499 Edited Book Heyer, W. Ronald;Donnelly, Maureen A.;McDiarmid, Roy W.;Hayek, Lee-Ann C.;Foster, Mercedes S. 1994 Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity. Standard Methods for Amphibians Washington D.C. Smithsonian Instution Press 364 Journal Article Heyer, Ron 1994 Editor's endnotes Herpetologists' League Communications 1 1 4 Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1994 Variation within the Leptodactylus podicipinus-wagneri complex of frogs (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 546 iv + 1-124 Journal Article Heyer, W. R. 1994 Variation within the Leptodactylus podicipinus-wagneri complex of frogs (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 546 1-123 Anura, morphology Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald 1994 Variation within the Leptodactylus podicipinus-wagneri Complex of frogs (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 546 iv, 1-124 Book Section Hibberd, E.M.A. 1994 Systemic mycotic disease in juvenile farmed crocodiles Crocodylus porosus (Poster) Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 2. ISBN 2-8317-0239-9. 340 pp. 324-328 Book Section Hibberd, E.M.A. 1994 Scanning electron microscopy study of fungal infection in eggs of farmed Crocodylus porosus (Poster) Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 2. ISBN 2-8317-0239-9. 340 pp. 319-323 Book Section Hibberd, E.M. 1994 Fungal disease in eggs and hatchlings of farmed Crocodylus porosus Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 12th working meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group, IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Volume 2. ISBN 2-8317-0239-9. 340 pp. 39-48 Journal Article Hibbitts, Troy D.;Hibbitts, Marla P. 1994 New county records of amphibians and reptiles from northeastern Texas Herpetological Review 25 1 35-36 Journal Article Hicks, J.W.;Comeau, S.G. 1994 Vagal Regulation of Intracardiac Shunting in the Turtle Pseudemys scripta Journal of Experimental Biology 186 109-126 Reptiles; Cardiovascular; Washout Shunting; Pressure Shunting; Cholinergic Regulation; Pseudemys Scripta; MECHANISM Journal Article Hicks, Dylan 1994 Field notes on the herpetofauna observed in south west Turkey Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 2 72-76 bufo viridis rana ridibunda testudo graeca tenuidactylus kotschyi mabuya aurata ophisaurus apodus stellio chamaeleo chamaeleon lacerta danfordi trilineata ophisops elegans coluber jugularis eirenis modestus telescopus fallax malpolon monspessulanus vipera xanthina Journal Article Hicks, J.W. 1994 Adrenergic and cholinergic regulation of intracardiac shunting Physiological Zoology 67 6 1325-1346 VASCULAR SMOOTH-MUSCLE; PULMONARY BLOOD-FLOW; AUTONOMIC INNERVATION; PSEUDEMYS-SCRIPTA; LUNG; TURTLE; SNAKE; VENTILATION; LIZARD; TRANSPORT Journal Article Higdon, Pamela L. 1994 Casa de Tortuga Reptiles 1 3 30-35 Journal Article Higdon, Douglas R. MaderPamela L. 1994 Heating reptile cages, flipped tortoises Reptiles 1 3 52-53 Book Highfield, Andy C. 1994 Tortoise Trust Guide to tortoises & turtles London Carapace Press 60 Book Highfield, A. C. 1994 Keeping and Breeding Tortoises in Captivity Somerset, England R & A Press vi + 149 + 3 plates Journal Article Hikida, Tsutomu 1994 On the water skinks of the genus Tropidophorus in Borneo Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 4 142-143 Journal Article Hileman, K.S.;Brodie, E.D. 1994 Survival Strategies of the Salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus - Interaction of Predator-Avoidance and Anti-Predator Mechanisms Animal Behaviour 47 1 1-6 UNSUCCESSFUL PREDATION; EVOLUTION Journal Article Hill, Ted 1994 Arkansas is full of turtles Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 4 4 4-5 Journal Article Hillenius, W.J. 1994 Turbinates in therapsids: Evidence for Late Permian origins of mammalian endothermy Evolution 48 2 207-229 endothermy; mammals; maxilloturbinates; metabolism; nasal turbinates; reptiles; therapsids; EVOLUTION; MONOTREMES; LIZARDS; FLIGHT; WATER Book Section Hillis, David M. 1994 Homology in molecular biology Hall, Brian K. Homology: The Hierarchical Basis of Comparative Biology Academic Press 339-369 Journal Article Hillman, S.S.;Schimpf, B. 1994 Renal responses to blood volume expansion of varying osmotic concentration in two species of amphibian, Bufo marinus and Rana catesbeiana Physiological Zoology 67 4 995-1005 2 AMPHIBIANS; TOAD; HEMORRHAGE Journal Article Himstedt, Werner 1994 Sensory systems and orientation in Salamandra salamandra Mertensiella 4 225-239 Salamandra salamandra; Urodela; Orientation; Feeding behavior; Sense-organs Book Section Hine, Raymond A. 1994 Care and captive breeding of the northern pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 81-85 Book Section Hine, Raymond A. 1994 Captive breeding of the Brazilian rainbow boa Epicrates cenchria cenchria Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 125-132 Book Section Hine, M. L. 1994 Notes on the marginated tortoise (Testudo marginata) in Greece and in captivity Townson, Simon Breeding Reptiles & Amphibians London British Herpetological Society 158-166 Journal Article Hingley, Kevin 1994 Galapagos fire! Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 2 66 Journal Article Hingley, Kevin J. 1994 Reproductive data; the eastern four-lined snake, Elaphe quatuorlineats sauromates Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 3 131-135 Journal Article Hingley, Kevin J. 1994 Book Review: Snake - The Snake Kepper's Guide Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 3 139 Journal Article Hingley, Kevin J. 1994 Snake egg incubation using peat as a medium Reptilian 2 8 24-25 Incubation Journal Article Hingley, Kevin J. 1994 Keeping Erhard's lizard in captivity Reptilian 2 5 28-29 Podarcis erhardii Journal Article Hingley, Kevin J. 1994 The keeping of the Bairds ratsnake Reptilian 2 3 26-27 Elaphe bairdi Journal Article Hiraoui Bloquet, S.;Escudie, G.;Exbrayat, J. M. 1994 Ultrastructural aspects of the evolution of uterine wall during pregnancy in Typhlonectes compressicaudus, a viviparous Gymnophionan amphibia Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France Evolution et Zoologie 119 3 237-242 Typhlonectes Compressicaudatus; Cell Degeneration; Uterus; Pregnancy; Development The epithelial ultrastructure of uterus in the viviparous Typhlonectes compressicaudius was studied in pregnant females. In animals that bring early stages of development, the uterus wall consists in secretory and ciliated cells. At the end of pregnancy, these cells degenerate. A new cellular type then appears in the connective tissue. They would originate a new epithelium. Journal Article Hirayama, Ren;Yasukawa, Yuichirou;Aoki, Riosuke 1994 Critial review of phylogenetic relationships among testudinoid turtles Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 4 139 Journal Article Hiwatashi, Hisato;Higashizono, Sueo;Isogawa, Kiyoshi 1994 Growth and food consumption of the Tsushima mamushi, Agkistrodon tsushimaensis, in captivity Japanese Journal of Herpetology 15 4 144-145 Journal Article Hobbs, T.J.;Morton, S.R.;Masters, P.;Jones, K.R. 1994 Influence of Pit-Trap Design on Sampling of Reptiles in Arid Spinifex Grasslands Wildlife Research 21 5 483-490 AUSTRALIA; LIZARDS Journal Article Hoelterhoff, Manuela 1994 Bird killers of Guam Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 6 6 boiga irregularis Journal Article Hofferber, Michael 1994 Farewell to frogs? Reptiles 2 3 78-83 amphibian decline Journal Article Hoffman, J.;Katz, U. 1994 Urea production and accumulation in the green toad, Bufo viridis Journal of Zoology 233 Part 4 591-603 WATER Journal Article Hoffmann, Peter 1994 Die blindschleiche eine Eidechse in Schlangengestalt [ The blind lizard - A lizard in Snake clothing] TI Magazin 1994 120 34-35 anguis fragilis Journal Article Hofmann, Ernst G. 1994 Solar vivariums: Providing lizards optimum exposure to solar irradiances Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1994 Nov./Dec. 74-82 cages uv light ultraviolet Journal Article Hofrichter, Robert;Bergthaler, Gernot J.;Patzner, Robert A. 1994 Laichhilfen für Amphibien in einem Gewässer mit stark schwankendem Wasserspoegel (Anura: Bufonidae, Ranidae) [Improvements of the spawning conditions of amphibians in a pond with widely varying water level (Anura: Bufonidae, Ranidae)] Herpetozoa 7 1/2 59-62 rana temporaria Bufo bufo conservation Journal Article Hokit, D. Grant;Blaustein, Andrew R. 1994 The effects of kinship on growth and development in tadpoles of Rana cascadae Evolution 48 4 1383-1388 Journal Article Hokit, D. G.;Blaustein., A. R. 1994 Predator avoidance and alarm-response behaviour in kin-discriminating tadpoles (Rana cascadae) Ethology 101 280-291 Journal Article Hokit, D. G.;Blaustein., A. R. 1994 The effects of kinship on growth and development in tadpoles of Rana cascadae Evolution 48 1383-1388 Journal Article Holgate, Steve 1994 Let 'em live Southwestern Herpetologists Society Newsletter 24 3 6 Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Chiszar, David;Ristau, Carolyn;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Chrysemys picta bellii (western painted turtle). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 25 4 163 Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Chiszar, David;Ristau, Carolyn;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Chrysemys picta bellii (western painted turtle). USA: Nebraska Herpetological Review 25 4 163 Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Terrapene ornata ornata (ornate box turtle). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 25 4 163 Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Eumeces obsoletus (Great Plains skink). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 25 4 164 Journal Article Holland, Richard L.;Chiszar, David;Ristau, Carolyn;Smith, Hobart M. 1994 Nerodia sipedon sipedon (northern water snake). USA: Colorado Herpetological Review 25 4 168 Journal Article Holland, Dan C. 1994 The Western Pond Turtle: Habitat and History USDE Bonneville Power Administration Project number 92-068 Portland, OR. Clemmys marmorata Journal Article Hollingsworth, Karen 1994 The pros and cons of choosing wild caught or captive bred animals Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 77 3-8 Journal Article Hollingsworth, Jon 1994 Captive care sheet: North American ratsnake, Elaphe guttata and obsoleta Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 67 5-7 Journal Article Hollingsworth, P. 1994 Can the Turtle Overtake the Turkey Food Technology 48 4 35 Journal Article Hollingsworth, Karen 1994 Book Review: Snake: The Snake Keeper's Guide Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 1994 74 21 Journal Article Hollingsworth, Karen 1994 Getting prepared for the winter Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 1994 76 3-4 Journal Article Hollingsworth, Karen 1994 What's in a name Portsmouth Reptile and Amphibian Society Newsletter 1994 76 5-6 Journal Article Holm, Peter A.;Cruz D., Gustavo A. 1994 A new species of Rhadinaea (Colubridae) from a cloud forest in northern Honduras Herpetologica 50 1 15-23 godmani group tolpanorum cladistics Squamata; Rhadinaea-Godmani Group; Rhadinaea-Tolpanorum; New Species; Cloud Forest; Honduras Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1994 A new record of the Aescuplapian snake, Elaphe longissima (Laurenti), from the Pleistocene of Britan British Herpetological Society Bulletin 1994 50 37-39 Elaphe longissima; Fossil Journal Article Holmes, Gaylon LeCoy 1994 Democracy is alive in Broomfield, Colorado Vivarium 5 5 5 legislation Journal Article Holmes, Gaylon LeCoy 1994 Animal rights vs. animal welfare: What's the difference? Vivarium 5 6 5;12-13 Journal Article Holmes, Gaylon LeCoy 1994 Animal rights vs. animal welfare - What's the difference? Cold Blooded News 21 6 1;4-5 Journal Article Holomuzki, J.R.;Collins, J.P.;Brunkow, P.E. 1994 Trophic control of fishless ponds by tiger salamander larvae Oikos 71 1 55-64 AMBYSTOMA-TIGRINUM-NEBULOSUM; SIZE-SELECTIVE PREDATION; BOTTOM-UP; TOP-DOWN; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; STANDING CROP; FOOD WEBS; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRODUCTIVITY Journal Article Holomuzki, Joseph R. 1994 Trophic control of fishless ponds by tiger salamander larvae OIKOS 71 5564 trophic, tiger salamander, salamander, larvae Journal Article Holomuzski, J. R.;Collins, J. P.;Brunkow., P. E. 1994 Trophic control of fishless ponds by tiger salamander larvae Oikos 71 55-64 Journal Article Holz, P.;Holz, R.M. 1994 Evaluation of Ketamine, Ketamine Xylazine, and Ketamine Midazolam Anesthesia in Red-Eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 25 4 531-537 Red-Eared Slider; Trachemys-Scripta-Elegans; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Xylazine; Midazolam; ACID-BASE-BALANCE; BODY-TEMPERATURE; VERTEBRATES Journal Article Holz, P.;Barker, I.K.;Conlon, P.D.;Crawshaw, G.J.;Burger, J. 1994 The reptilian renal portal system and Its effect on during kinetics American Association of Zoo Veterinarians and Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians Annual Conference, Proceedings 95-96 Reptilia, testudines, red eared slider, Tachemys s. elegans, anatomy, physiology, renal portal system Dye injected into the femoral vein mainly bypassed the kidney and floated directly to the liver. Only a small amount of dye entered into the kidney. Dye injected into the dorsal coggygeal vein took one of two routes. It flowed through the circumflex iliac vein entering either the abdominal vein, bypassing the kidney, or the iliac vein entering the kidney Journal Article Homer, B.L.;Jacobson, E.R.;Schumacher, J.;Scherba, G. 1994 Chlamydiosis in Mariculture-Reared Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) Veterinary Pathology 31 1 1-7 Chelonia Mydas; Chlamydia Sp; Chlamydiosis; Green Sea Turtles; Isolation; Pathology; FROGS XENOPUS-LAEVIS; PET BIRDS; PSITTACI; INFECTIONS; PATHOLOGY; LESIONS Journal Article Homer, B.L.;Jacobson, E.R.;Schumacher, J.;Scherba, G. 1994 Chlamydiosis in mariculture-reared Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). Vet. Pathol. 31 1-7 Reptilia, testudines, Chelonia mydas, infection, bacteria, chlamydia, pathology, mariculture From August 1990 to June 1991, a moderate die-off of 4- to 5-year-old green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) occurred at Cayman Turtle Farm, Grand Cayman, British West Indies. Clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and inability to dive. Many of the ill turtles floated on the surface of their tanks. There was no apparent sex predilection. Complete necropsies, including histopathologic examination of tissues, were performed on eight turtles. Necropsies revealed multiple irregular discrete to patchy 1-10-mm pale gray foci throughout the hearts of four turtles. By light microscopic examination, the most severe and consistent lesions were necrotizing myocarditis, histiocytic to fibrinous splenitis, and hepatic lipidosis and necrosis. A mixed leukocytic infiltrate of acidophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes was present in affected areas of the heart. Other lesions included lymphocytic/plasmacytic interstitial nephritis, subacute interstitial pneumonia, subacute mesenteric vasculitis, chronic/active enteritis of the small intestine, and occasional granulomas associated with spirorchid trematode ova. Chlamydiae could be demonstrated in macrophages in sections of paraffin- embedded heart, liver, and spleen and in myocardial fibers and hepatocytes using a modified Macchiavello's stain. Chlamydial antigen was detected by light microscopic examination in the cytoplasm of myocardial fibers and in occasional hepatocytes using a commercially available genus-specific antichlamydial monoclonal antibody and the avidin biotin peroxidase complex staining method. Electron microscopic examination of the heart of the most severely affected turtle revealed developmental stages of chlamydial organisms. A suspension of heart from this turtle was inoculated into the yolk sacs of chicken embryos. Chlamydial elementary bodies could be demonstrated in infected yolk-sac membranes approximately 7 days after inoculation. Reprint Endnote 94/26 Journal Article Honda, E.;Toyoshima, K.;Hirakawa, T.;Nakamura, S.;Nakahara, S. 1994 Structure and physiological properties of the taste organs on the ventral side of frog tongue (Rana catesbeiana) Chemical Senses 19 3 231-238 CELLS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; BULLFROG; TOAD Journal Article Hondo, E.;Kurohmaru, M.;Toriba, M.;Hayashi, Y. 1994 Seasonal Changes in Spermatogenesis and Ultrastructure of Developing Spermatids in the Japanese Rat Snake, Elaphe Climacophora Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 56 5 835-840 Japanese Rat Snake; Seasonal Change; Spermatid; Spermatogenesis; Ultrastructure Journal Article Honegger, R. 1994 Seychelles crocodile is porosus Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 13 4 9 crocodylus Journal Article Hoogmoed, M. S.;Borges, D. M.;Cascon, P. 1994 Three new species of the genus Adelophryne (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the other species of the genus Zool. Med. Leiden 68 24 271-300 Journal Article Hopey, M. E.;Petranka., J. W. 1994 Restriction of wood frogs to fish-free habitats: how important is adult choice Copeia 1994 1023-1025 Journal Article Hoque, B.;Saidapur, S.K. 1994 Dynamics of oogenesis in the tropical anuran Rana tigrina (Amphibia: Ranidae) with special reference to vitellogenic cycles in wild-caught and captive frogs Journal of Biosciences 19 3 339-352 frog; oogenesis; fat body; OVARIAN CYCLE; FOLLICULAR KINETICS; FAT-BODY; BUFO-MELANOSTICTUS; CYANOPHLYCTIS; REPRODUCTION; OVIDUCT; GROWTH; TOAD; MASS Journal Article Horat, P.;Semlitsch, R.D. 1994 Effects of predation risk and hunger on the behaviour of two species of tadpoles Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34 6 393-401 amphibian; feeding; predation risk; predator avoidance; TRADE-OFF; CONFLICTING DEMANDS; PREY INTERACTIONS; ANTIPREDATOR; FISH; RESPONSES; ODONATA; LARVAE; CUES Journal Article Horat, P.;Semlitsch., R. D. 1994 Effects of predation risk and hunger on the behaviour of two species of tadpoles Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34 393-401 Journal Article Horne, M.T.;Dunson, W.A. 1994 Behavioral and Physiological Responses of the Terrestrial Life Stages of the Jefferson Salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, to Low Soil pH Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27 2 232-238 RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; LOW ENVIRONMENTAL PH; SODIUM-BALANCE; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; TEMPORARY PONDS; BROOK TROUT; ACIDIFICATION; AMPHIBIANS Journal Article Horne, M.T.;Dunson, W.A. 1994 Exclusion of the Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, from some potential breeding ponds in Pennsylvania: Effects of pH, temperature, and metals on embryonic development Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27 3 323-330 DECLINING AMPHIBIAN POPULATIONS; SALMO-TRUTTA-L; RANA-TEMPORARIA; WATER HARDNESS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ACID WATER; BUFO-AMERICANUS; COMMON FROG; BROWN TROUT; ALUMINUM Journal Article Hornig, L. E.;McClintock, M. K. 1994 Unmasking sex-ratio biasing through targeted analysis Animal Behavior 47 1224-1226 sex ratio Journal Article Horton, Jim 1994 Herp of the month [Pseudacris crucifer] Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 6 2 3 Journal Article Horton, Jim 1994 Memories from the field, 1994. Brown County Monitor: Newsletter of the Hoosier Herpetological Society 7 8 2-3 agkistrodon piscivorus Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1994 Search for the ant-hill python Bothrochilus perthensis (Stull, 1932) Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1994 21 9-12 longevity Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1994 Notes on feeding interactions in Australian reptiles Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 14 2 11-15 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1994 The Second World Congress of Herpetology Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 3 56-58 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1994 Book Review: The Natural History of West Indian Boas Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 29 5 97-98 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1994 Varanus varius in captivity Desert Monitor 25 2 11-13 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1994 Book review: Snakes of the World: A checklist. 1. Venomous snakes, Snakes f the World: A Checklist. 2. Boas, Pythons, Shield Tails and Worm Snakes, Lizards of the World: A Checklist. 1. Geckos, Lizards of the World: A Checklist. 5. Agamidae, Chamaeleonidae, Cordylidae and Gerrhosauridae, and Turtles, Tortoises and Terrapins: A Checklist Notes From NOAH 21 9 17-18 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1994 The 1993 Orlando (Florida, U.S.A.) Reptile Breeder's Expo - From an Australian's perspective Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 1 27-41 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond Terrence 1994 Sydney's 1994 bushfires - The effects of these and other bushfires on Australia's herpetofauna Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 19 2 61-66 fire ecology Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1994 Response to book review Herpetofauna 24 1 13-14 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1994 Snakes and illegal drugs Herptile 19 4 169-172 Journal Article Hoser, raymond T. 1994 Mutants from Down-under Reptilian 2 8 21-23 Albinism Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1994 Reptile keepers in the Australian state of Victoria Reptilian 2 7 20-21 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1994 What happens when you don't cut your nails? Reptilian 2 6 38 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1994 News from Australia RE: The book "Smuggled - The Underground Trade in Australia's Wildlife" Reptilian 2 3 39 Journal Article Hou, L.;Takeuchi, T. 1994 Neural crest development in reptilian embryos, studied with monoclonal antibody, HNK-1 Zoological Science 11 3 423-431 CELL-MIGRATION; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; AVIAN EMBRYOS; MOUSE EMBRYO; RAT EMBRYO; PATHWAYS; DIFFERENTIATION; MELANOCYTES; PATTERNS; LINEAGE Book Section Houck, Lynne D.;Sever, David M. 1994 Role of the skin in reproduction and behavior Heatwole, Harold and Barthalmus, George T. Amphibian Biology. Volume I. The Integument Chipping Norton, NSW Surrey Beatty & Sons PTY Ltd 1 351-381 Journal Article Houston, Darryl;Shine, Richard 1994 Low growth rates and delayed maturation in Arafura filesnakes (Serpentes: Acrochordidae) in tropical Australia Copeia 1994 3 726-731 acrochordus arafurae mark recapture growth SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; AQUATIC SNAKE; RATTLESNAKE; DIVERGENCE; ECOLOGY; HABITS Journal Article Houston, Darryl;Shine, Richard 1994 Movements and activity patterns of Arafura filesnakes (Serpentes: Acrochordidae) in tropical Australia Herpetologica 50 3 349-357 acrochordus arafurae dispersal habitat use movements lunar cycle Acrochordidae; Acrochordus-Arafurae; Dispersal; Habitat Use; Movements; Serpentes; HABITAT USE; SNAKE; THERMOREGULATION; ELAPIDAE; BIOLOGY; ECOLOGY; SIZE Journal Article Houston, D.;Shine, R. 1994 Population demography of Arafura filesnakes (Serpentes: Acrochordidae) in tropical Australia Journal of Herpetology 28 3 273-280 CAPTURE PROBABILITIES VARY; AQUATIC SNAKE; SIZE; SEX; ANIMALS Journal Article Houston, D.;Shine, R. 1994 Low growth rates and delayed maturation in arafura filesnakes (Serpentes, Acrochordidae) in tropical Australia Copeia 17 3 726-731 Reptilia, serpentes, Acrochordus arafurae, physiology, growth We carried out a capture-mark-recapture study on Arafura filesnakes (Acrochordus arafurae) in freshwater billabongs of Magela Creek, in the Australian wet/dry tropics, over a period of four years. Growth increments of snakes (71 males, 77 females) recaptured after periods of >6 months were used to estimate growth curves for this population. Given that acrochordids have low metabolic rates, the hypothesis that growth rates are constrained by mass-specific metabolic rates predicts that A. arafurae would grow more slowly, and mature at later ages, than do most other snakes. Our data strongly supported these predictions. Male filesnakes matured at around five years of age, and females matured even later (commencing at around seven years). Male filesnakes grew more slowly than females during juvenile life and matured at smaller body sizes (87 vs 117 cm SVL). Growth trajectories in female filesnakes were best described by the logistic-by-length model rather than by the von Bertalanffy curve, but both models gave a good fit to data on male snakes. An independent data set based on subsequent long-term recaptures provided further support for the calculated growth trajectories. A trade-off between energy allocation to growth vs reproduction was evident in both sexes; growth rates fell after maturation in males, and female filesnakes grew more slowly during years when they reproduced. Journal Article Houston, D.;Shine, R. 1994 Low growth rates and delayed maturation in arafura filesnakes (Serpentes: Acrochordidae) in tropical Australia Copeia 1994 3 726-731 reptiles, snakes, mark-recapture, body size, maturation, Journal Article Howard, Richard D.;Whiteman, Howard H.;Schueller, Teresa I. 1994 Sexual selection in American toads: A test of a good=genes hypothesis Evolution 48 4 1286-1300 Journal Article Howard, Richard D.;Whiteman, Howard H.;Schueller, Teresa I. 1994 Sexual selection in American toads: A test of a good-genes hypothesis Evolution 48 4 1286-1300 amphibians; animal reproduction; fitness; life history; quantitative genetics; sexual selection; MALE BODY SIZE; MALE MATING SUCCESS; FEMALE CHOICE; BUFO-AMERICANUS; HYLA-CRUCIFER; SCAPHIOPUS-MULTIPLICATUS; MATE SELECTION; SPRING PEEPER; GROWTH; ANURA Journal Article Howard, Richard D.;Whiteman, Howard H.;Schueller, Teresa I. 1994 Sexual selection in American toads: a test of a good-genes hypothesis Evolution 48 1286-1300 amphibians, fitness, life history, quantitative genetics, reproduction-animal, sexual selection Journal Article Howland, Jeffrey M. 1994 The Arizona skink Desert Monitor 25 2 14-15 eumeces gilberti arizonensis Journal Article Hraoui Bloquet, S.;Exbrayat, J. M. 1994 Development of gills in Typhlonectes compressicaudus embryos, a viviparous gymnophionan Amphibian Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie Animale 15 1 33-46 Typhlonectes Compressicaudus; Cell; Blood Vessel; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Embryology During the development of Typhlonectes compressicaudus, a pair of vesicular gills persists until the birth. A study by mean of optical and scanning electron microscopy permitted us to understand the evolution of these organs during the three phases of development. During the embryonic phase (stages 17 to 25), the gill epithelium is constituted by many flattened cells and few round and ciliated ones. During the fetal phase (stages 26 to 30), the gill epithelium differentiates. The proximal part of the uterine side is constituted by round cells and club-shaped cells bringing very long extensions. Several ciliated cells can also be observed. The distal part is pavimentous. On the fetal side, the epithelium mainly is constituted by flattened cells. Another type of club-shaped cells is observed in the part of the gill placed near its insertion to the animal body. In the connective tissue, we can observe many gaps bordered by fibroblast cells. A very extensive blood vessels network is observed under the epithelium, at the uterine side. During the larval phase (31 to 33), the club-shaped cells observed on the uterine side become very vesiculous. Alveolar cells are also observed. Several cytoplasmic extensions of these cells distend, to look like small balloons. On the larval side, we cannot observe very important morphological variations of the epithelium. Blood vessels become very superficial in the posterior part of the uterine side. In the connective tissue, the gaps are more voluminous than at younger embryonic stages. Certain of them contains some granulations. The fibroblasts show a streaked aspect, with many vesiculous cytoplasm extension. In Typhlonectes compressicaudus, the gills persist during the whole development. The important variations of their surface morphology let think that these organs are implied in the materno-fetal exchanges during the development of this viviparous species. Journal Article Hraouibloquet, S.;Exbrayat, J.M. 1994 Development of Gills in Typhlonectes compressicaudus Embryos, a Viviparous Gymnophionan Amphibian Annales Des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale 15 1 33-46 Typhlonectes-Compressicaudus; Gymnophion; Embryonic Development; Gill Journal Article Hraouibloquet, S.;Escudie, G.;Exbrayat, J.M. 1994 Ultrastructural Aspects of the Evolution of Uterine Wall During Pregnancy in Typhlonectes compressicaudus, a Viviparous Gymnophionan Amphibia Bulletin de La Societe Zoologique de France - Evolution et Zoologie 119 3 237-242 MORPHOLOGY; SYSTEM Journal Article Huang, Wen-San 1994 Report on egg clutch size of the long-tailed skink, Mabuya longicaudata from Taiwan J. Taiwan Mus. 47 2 45-47 Journal Article Hubbs, Brian 1994 Confessiona of a convicted snakes dealer Notes From NOAH 22 2 12-16 pet trade collection Journal Article Huchzer-meyer, F. W.;Gerdes, G. H.;Foggin, C. M.;Huchzermeyer, Kda;Limper, L. C. 1994 Hepatitis in farmed hatchling nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) due to chlamydial infection J S Afr Vet Assn 65 1 20-22 Rewptilia, sauria, crocodylia, infection, chlamydia An investigation into the cause of acute mortality in farmed hatchling crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus led to the isolation of chlamydia from the livers of affected animals. Prominent pathological findings were acute hepatitis with intracellular chlamydial colonies and generalised oedema. A chlamydia presumed to be C. psittaci was isolated from livers of affected hatchlings. Mortality subsided after treatment with oxytetracycline. This disease is now recognised as being a major problem on crocodile farms in Zimbabwe. Reprint Endnote 94/160 Journal Article Huchzermeyer, F.W.;Gerdes, G.H.;Foggin, C.M.;Huchzermeyer, K.D.A.;Limper, L.C. 1994 Hepatitis in Farmed Hatchling Nile Crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) Due to Chlamydial Infection Journal of the South African Veterinary Association - Tydskrif Van Die Suid - Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging 65 1 20-22 Crocodile; Crocodylus-Niloticus; Chlamydia; Hepatitis Journal Article Huchzermeyer, F. W.;Gerdes, G. H.;Foggin, C. M.;Huchzermeyer, Kda;Limper, L. C. 1994 Hepatitis in farmed hatchling nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) due to chlamydial infection J S Afr Vet Assn 65 1 20-22 Rewptilia, sauria, crocodylia, infection, chlamydia An investigation into the cause of acute mortality in farmed hatchling crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus led to the isolation of chlamydia from the livers of affected animals. Prominent pathological findings were acute hepatitis with intracellular chlamydial colonies and generalised oedema. A chlamydia presumed to be C. psittaci was isolated from livers of affected hatchlings. Mortality subsided after treatment with oxytetracycline. This disease is now recognised as being a major problem on crocodile farms in Zimbabwe. Reprint Endnote 94/160 Journal Article Huchzermeyer, F. W.;Gerdes, G. H.;Foggin, C. M.;Huchzermeyer, K. D.;Limper, L. C. 1994 Hepatitis in farmed hatchling Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) due to chlamydial infection J S Afr Vet Assoc 65 1 20-2 Alligators and Crocodiles/*microbiology; Animal; Case Report; Chlamydia psittaci/isolation & purification; Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis/*veterinary; Hepatitis, Animal/diagnosis/*microbiology/therapy; Microscopy, Electron An investigation into the cause of acute mortality in farmed hatchling crocodiles Crocodylus niloticus led to the isolation of chlamydia from the livers of affected animals. Prominent pathological finds were acute hepatitis with intracellular chlamydial colonies and generalized oedema. A chlamydia presumed to be C. psittaci was isolated from livers of affected hatchlings. Mortality subsided after treatment with oxytetracycline. This disease is now recognized as being a major problem on crocodile farms in Zimbabwe. Book Section Huchzermeyer, F.W.;Agnagna, M. 1994 A survey of parasites and pathology of African dwarf crocodiles Osteolaemus tetraspis in the Congo Republic Crocodiles. Proceeding