Reference Type Author Year Title Secondary Author Secondary Title Place Published Publisher Volume Number Pages Keywords Abstract Author Address Journal Article Abbühl, Ruedi;Durrer, Heinz 1996 Habitatpräferenz und migrationsverhalten bei der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata variegata) in einer seminatürlichen Versuchsanlage [habitat preferences and migration of the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata variegata) in a semi-natural experimental enclosure] Salamandra 32 1 23-30 Anura; Discoglossidae; Bombina variegata variegata; Habitat preferences; migration; seminatural environment Journal Article Achl, M. V.;Figueroa, J. M.;Villat, M. J.;Tramezzani, J. H. 1996 Spermiation dynamics in the toad (Bufo arenarum Hensel) Journal of Herpetology 30 3 435-437 Bufo arenarum; Spermiation Book Section Ackerman, R.A. 1996 The nest environment and the embryonic development of sea turtles P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 83-106 Journal Article Acosta, Juan Carlos;Murúa, fernando;Ortiz, Grisel 1996 Geographic Distribution. Liolaemus olongasta Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article Acosta, J. C.;Avila, Luciano J.;Blanco, G. 1996 Ecología de Liolaemus boulengeri (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en el noroeste de la estepa Patagónica (Ing. Jacobacci, Rio Negro, Argentina) Cuadernos de Herpetologica. 9 2 100-107 Journal Article Acosta, J. C.;Blanco, G.;Avila, Luciano J. 1996 Organizacion espacial de una comunidad de saurios del sur de la Provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina Facena 12 145-149 Journal Article Acosta, J. C.;Blanco, G.;Avila, Luciano J. 1996 Organización espacial de una comunidad de saurios del sur de la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina Facena 12 145-149 Journal Article Acosta, Juan C.;Avila, Luciano J.;Blanco, G. 1996 Ecología de Liolaemus boulengeri (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en el noroeste de la Estepa Patagónica (Ing. Jacobacci, Río Negro, Argentina) Cuadernos de Herpetologica 9 2 100-107 Journal Article Acuna, Beatriz Figueroa 1996 Sociedad para el Estudio de la Conservation de los Crocodrilos en México [Society for the Study of Conservation or Crocodiles in Mexico] Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 14-15 Journal Article Adam, Wolfgang 1996 Überwinterung europäischer Landschildkröten im Kühlschrank DATZ 49 9 583-584 Testudo hermanni; Testudo graeca Thesis Adamany, S.L. 1996 Nest caging as a sea turtle management strategy: Do the benefits outweigh the costs on urban beaches? Journal Article Adams, D. C.;Anthony, C. D. 1996 Using randomization techniques to analyse behavioural data Animal Behaviour 51 733-738 methods, statistics Journal Article Addison, David S. 1996 Caretta caretta. Nesting frequency Herpetological Review 27 2 76 Journal Article Addison, David S. 1996 Mean annual nest frequency for renesting loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on the southwest coast of Florida Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 13-15 Sea turtles; Nesting; Caretta caretta Journal Article Addison, D.S, B. Morford 1996 Sea turtle nesting activity on the Cay Sal Bank Bahamas J. Sci. 3 3 31-36 Journal Article Addison, D.S. 1996 Caretta caretta (Loggerhead sea turtle) Nesting frequency Herpetological Review 27 3 76 loggerhead Journal Article Addison, D.S.;Morford, B. 1996 Sea turtle nesting activity on the Cay Sal Bank, Bahamas Bahamas Journal of Science 3 3 31-36 loggerhead Journal Article Adler, Kraig 1996 Book review: Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata) Herpetological Review 27 4 221-222 Book review Journal Article Adler, Kraig 1996 The salamanders of Guerrero, Mexico, with descriptions of five new species of Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Occasional Papers of the natural History Museum, The University of Kansas 177 1-28 Guerrero; Mexico; Pseudoeurycea ahuitzotl n. sp.; Pseudoeurycea mixcoatl sp. nov.; Pseudoeurycea tenchalli sp. nov.; Pseudoeurycea teotepc sp. nov.; Pseudoeurycea tlahcuiloh sp. nov.; new species; caudata; Plethodontidae; Thorius; Bolitoglossa; Key Journal Article Adler, Kraig 1996 Robert Edward Gordon (1925-1996) Herpetological Review 27 3 109-110 Journal Article Adler, Kraig 1996 The salamanders of Guerrero, Mexico, with descriptions of five new species of Pseudoeurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 177 1-28 + 1 foldout map Journal Article Adolph, S.C.;Porter, W.P. 1996 Growth, seasonality, and lizard life histoies: age and size at maturity Oikos 77 267-278 Growth Book Adolphs, Klaus 1996 Bibliographie der Gürtelechsen und Schildechsen (reptilia: Sauria: Cordylidae & Gerrhosauridae) Sankt Augustin, Germany Squamata Verlag 255 Journal Article Adragna, John;Bayless, Mark 1996 A varanid visit to Washington, DC Varanews 4 4 5-6 Varanus Journal Article AFH 1996 Guidelines for the keeping of large constrictors Toledo Herpetological Society Monthly Newsletter 7 2 7-10 Journal Article Agnana, M. 1996 Expedition to the Likouala Swamps Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 5-6 Osteolaemus tetraspis Journal Article Aichhorn, H.;Lametschwandtner., A. 1996 Vascular regression during amphibian metamorphosis - a scanning electron microscope study of vascular corrosion casts of the ventral velum in tadpoles of Xenopus laevis Daudin Scanning 18 447-455 Journal Article Aikanathan, Sarala 1996 Malaysian sea turtles: what future? Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 23-24 Book Section Al-Merghani, M.;Miller, J.D.;Al-Mansi, A.;Khushaim, O.;Pilcher, N.J. 1996 The marine turtles of the Arabian Gulf. NCWCD studies of 1991-1994 Krupp, F.;Abuzinada, A.H. and Nader, I.A. A Marine Wildlife Sanctuary for the Arabian Gulf. Environmental Research and Conservation Following the 1991 Gulf War Oil Spill. Frankfurt NCWCD, Riyadh and Senckenberg Research Institute 351-359 Green; hawksbill; pollution; egg Journal Article Alberts, Allison C. 1996 Greasy lizard stuff Iguana Times 5 2 35-37 femoral pores; phermones Journal Article Alekseeva, Tatiana A.;Vladimirova, Irena G. 1996 The influence of temperature on the rate of oxygen consumption in the Semirechensk Salamander (Ranodon sibricus) Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 209-212 Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Profile of the bullsnake Rephiberary 1996 222 11-12 Pituophis melanoleucus Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Termite gecko (Daudin 1802) Hemidactylus triedrus triedrus Reptilian 4 5 6 Hemidactylus triedrus Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: The adder or viper (Vipera berus berus) Linnaeus 1758 Rephiberary 1996 222 14-15 Vipera berus Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: The common frog (Rana temporaria) Linnaeus 1758 Rephiberary 1996 218 11-12 Rana temporaria Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: The slow worm (Anguis fragilis) Linnaeus 1758 Rephiberary 1996 220 4-5 Anguis fragilis Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: The common toad (Bufo bufo) Rephiberary 225 6-7 Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) Linnaeus 1758 Rephiberary 1996 224 7-8 Lacerta agilis Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Snake catchers of the new forest Rephiberary 1996 223 11-12 Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: The natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) Laurenti 1768 Rephiberary 1996 221 8 Bufo calamita Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Giant day gecko Phelsuma madagascariensis grandis (Gray 1870) Reptilian 4 4 6-7 Phelsuma madagascariansis Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: Green frogs and other aliens The Rephiberary 229 5-8 Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: The smooth newt (Triturus vulgarus) Linnaeus 1758, the palmate newt (Triturus helveticus) Razoumoski 1788 Rephiberary 1996 223 5-6 Triturus Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 The grass snake (Natrix natrix) Linnaeus 1758 The Rephiberary 226 3-4 Natrix natrix Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 Native herpetofauna: The common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) The Rephiberary 227 6 Lacerta vivipara Journal Article Allen, Richard 1996 The leaf-tailed gecko Uroplatus henkeli (Bohme & Ibish 1991) Reptilian 4 8 28-29 Uroplatus henkeli Journal Article Almeida Santos, Selma Maria;Germano, Valdir José 1996 Crotalus durissus (Neotropical rattlesnake). Prey Herpetological Review 27 3 143 Journal Article Altig, Ronald 1996 Book Review: A Natural History of Amphibians Herpetologica 52 2 290-291 Book review Journal Article Altig, Ronald 1996 Book review: Frogs Herpetological Review 27 4 218-219 Book review Journal Article Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phyllopezus pollicaris przewalskyi Herpetological Review 27 4 211 Journal Article Alvarez, Blanco Beatriz;Lions, Maria Luisa 1996 Geographic Distribution. Liolaemus wiegmanni Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz 1996 Geographic Distribution. Amphisbaena prunicolor prunicolor Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz 1996 Geographic Distribution. Amphisbaena mertensii Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article Alviani, Sandro 1996 Artenschutz im Dschungel Französisch-Guayanas Reptilia 1 1 71 Journal Article Alviani, Sandro 1996 Guyana: la ocasión perdida Reptilia 2 4 25-27 Guyana Journal Article Ananjeva, N. B.;Matveyeva-Dujsebayeva, T. N. 1996 Some evidence of Gonocephalus species complex divergence basing on skin sense organs morphology Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 82-88 Sauria; Agamidae; Morphology; skin receptors; Gonocephalus Book Section Andersen, Anne-Margrethe 1996 Bedeutung der Renaturierung und Neuanlage von Gewässern für den Erhalt der Rothbauchunke auf Fuunen und den südfünischen Inseln Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 21-31 Bombina bombina; Germany; Ecology; Survival Journal Article Anderson, James T.;Andrson, Ann M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Chelydra serpentina serpentina Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Anderson, Ann M.;Anderson, James T. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Spea multiplicata Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article Anderson, Ann M.;Anderson, James T. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana catesbeiana Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Anderson, Ann M.;Anderson, James T. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo woodhousii woodhousii Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article Anderson, Ann M.;Anderson, James T. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana blairi Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Anderson, N.L.;Williams, J.;Sagartz, J.E.;Barnewall, R. 1996 Ovarian teratoma in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 1 90-95 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, Iguana iguana, pathology, ovary, tumor, ultrasound urolith An ovarian mass was diagnosed in an adult female green iguana (Iguana iguana) by ultrasonography during evaluation for ovarian follicular development. A large, well-circumscribed, hypervascular ovarian mass with multiple fluid-filled vesicles was identified during surgery. A histopathologic diagnosis of ovarian teratoma was made based on the presence of multiple tissues of different embryonic germ-layer origins. The teratoma recurred as a malignant tumor 18 mo later. NL Anderson Ohio State Univ Coll Vet Med Dept Clin Sci 601 Vernon Tharp Rd Columbus, OH 43210 USA Journal Article Andrade, Denis V.;Abe, Agusto S.;dos Santos, Maria C. 1996 Is the venom related to diet and tail color during Bothrops moojeni ontogeny? Journal of Herpetology 30 2 285-288 Bothrops moojeni; ontogeny; venom; caudal luring Journal Article Andreu, Gustavo Casas 1996 In Memorium Miguel Alvarez Del Toro (1917-1996) Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 23-24 Journal Article Andreu, M.J.;Davila, J.C.;Real, M.A.;Guirado, S. 1996 Multivariate statistical analysis of golgi stained neurons Neurosci. Res. 24 3 215-226 CCR, anatomy, The multivariate statistical analysis provides a useful method to study neuronal populations. It allows both the objective classification of neuronal types and the study of the morphological variation within a neuronal population. We report a particular example of the use of these techniques on a Golgi study of a complex telencephalic structure, the reptilian anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (aDVR). We present a R mode factor analysis and a cluster analysis on the results of the factor analysis. Sixteen original variables were chosen for the study in order to obtain the greatest information about the cell body, the dendritic field and the location of 96 Golgi stained cells. Six factors were obtained after the R mode factor analysis, the interpretation of which was clear in five of them. This contributed to explain the morphological variation of the neuronal types within the aDVR. The cluster analysis classified the 96 cells into eight groups. Some groups could be ascribed to specific regions of the aDVR. Journal Article Andreu, Gustavo Casas 1996 Notas para la historia de los estudios herpetofaunisticos en el estado de Oaxaca, Mexico Bol. Soc. Herpetol. Mex. 7 1 21-26 Journal Article Andreu, Gustavo Casas 1996 Miguel Alvarez Del Toro (1917-1996) Bol. Soc. Herpetol. Mex. 7 1 27-30 Journal Article Andrews, Harry 1996 Crocodile population explosion Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 11-12 Crocodilians; Conservation; India Journal Article Andrews, Kenneth D. 1996 An endochrondral rather than a dermal origin for scleral ossicles in Cryptodiran turtles Journal of Herpetology 30 2 257-260 Sceral ossicles Journal Article Andrews, Lain 1996 The care & maintenance of the common boa Reptilian 4 6 26-31 Boa constrictor Journal Article Andriamaharavo, N. R.;Andriantsiferana, M. 1996 A 1,4-disubstituted quinolizidine from a Madagascan mantelline frog (Mantella) J. Nat. Prod. 59 1174-1178 Mantella baroni, alkaloids Journal Article Angell, Nicola 1996 The need to upgrade Rephiberary 1996 219 9-10 Journal Article Angenstein, Peter 1996 Zur Haltung and Nachzucht von Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia und C. tornieri (Serpentes: Boiginae) Elaphe 4 3 6-16 Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia; Crotaphopeltis tornieri Journal Article Angermeier, W. F.;Hidalgo, Antonio Resendiz S. 1996 Food-rewarded operant learning and memory in the East Pacific green turtle Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 4-6 Chelonia mydas Journal Article Angradi, T. R. 1996 Inter-habitat variation in benthic community structure, function, and organic matter storage in 3 Appalachian headwater streams J. North American Benthol. Soc. 15 42-63 Journal Article Anholt, Bradley R.;Skelly, David K.;Werner, Earl E. 1996 Factors modifying antipredator behavior in larval toads Herpetologica 52 3 301-313 Anti-predator behavior; Bufo americanus; growth-mortality tradeoffs; predator detection Journal Article Annable, T. J. 1996 Some observations on reproduction and behaviour in the Bardick Echiopsis curta (Schlegel, 1837) (Serpentes: Elapidae) Herpetofauna 26 1 2-4 Echiopsis curta; Reproduction; Behavior Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Surfs up for cool croc. Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 12 Crocodilians; Australia Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodiles continue comback Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 20-21 Crocodilians; Conservation; Florida Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Book Review: A Monograph of the Colubrid Snakes of the Genus Elaphe Fitzinger Reptilian 4 9 14-15 Book review Journal Article Anonymous 1996 1,000 tortoises murdered by Swedish customs and agricultural authorities Reptilian 4 9 18-19 Illegal trade; Pet trade; Testudo horsfieldi; Importation; Sweden Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Reptile smugglers plead guilty Traffic USA 15 4 8-9 Illegal trade Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Cobra smuggler sentenced Traffic USA 15 4 9 Illegal trade Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodile tears for LAX trader Traffic USA 15 4 9-10 Illegal trade Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Egg poachers receive tough sentences Traffic USA 15 4 10-11 Illegal trade; Sea turtles; Poaching Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Egg case cracked in Mexico Traffic USA 15 4 11 Illegal trade; Sea turtles; Poaching; Lepidochelys olivacea Journal Article Anonymous 1996 India cracks down on tortoise smuggling Traffic USA 15 4 13-14 Illegal trade; Geochelone elegans schoepff Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Le point sur Emys orbicularis La Tortue 36 16-32 Emys orbicularis Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Jean Servan - La Brenne....sinon rien La Tortue 36 34-39 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Ingo Pauler - Un président d'association efficace La Tortue 36 40-44 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Une passion: la Cistude! Interview d'Uwe fritz La Tortue 36 29 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Alain Veysset et le groupe Cistude de la S.H.F. La Tortue 36 34-39 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 [Abstracts from] The 35th Annual Meeting of the Herpetological Society of Japan, November 9-10, 1996 at Yokohama City University School of Medicine Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16 4 137-158 Abstracts; Japan Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Current Literature Hamadryad 21 53-65 Literature; Bibliography Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Recent papers Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 20-23 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Venomoid cobras as pets HOTS Reptile Research 6 1 3 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Solving the mystery: where do Florida green turtles migrate? Turtle Tales 6 2 9-10;13 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 States on parade: georgia Herp News Today 1996 February 8-9 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 State reptile celebrates anniversary Herp News Today 1996 February 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Club Profile: The New York Turtle and Tortoise Society Reptiles 4 3 74 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 De nieuwsrubriek Het Terrarium 13 7 14-18 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodile 'Ut Song' Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 9-10 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Salamandra salamandra(Linneaus, 1758) Terra 32 2 43 Salamandra salamandra Journal Article Anonymous 1996 International sweep targets reptile smugglers Iguana Times 5 1 10-11 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Mantidactylus femoralis (Boulenger, 1882) Terra 32 2 41-42 Mantidactylus femoralis Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Nachzucht von "Tempel-Vipern" im Vivarium Karlsruhe Elaphe 4 2 13 Trimeresurus wagleri Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Illegal trade in reptile: traffic protected by a legal void Iguana Times 5 1 12-13 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Abstracts of scientific presentations, Third Annual Meeting of the International Iguana Society, November 13-18, 1995, San Salvador Island, Bahamas Iguana Times 5 1 14-15 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Vivarium plants: Five species for tropical vivaria Vivarium 7 6 22-24 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Modern giants of herpetology: a special preview compliments of the SSAR Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 34-41 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Die Maurische Landschildkröte (Testudo graeca) im Südosten der Iberischen Halbinsel Elaphe 4 3 82-87 Testudo graeca Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Boophis rapiodes (AHL, 1928) Terra 32 3 73-74 Boophis rappiodes Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Swampa goes to kindergarten to help its survival Iguana Times 5 2 40-42 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 ¿En que idioma hablan las serpientes? Herpetonoticias 1996 5 1-3 CITES; Venezuela Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Ausführlicher Tagungsbericht der AG Urodela vom Oktober 1995 in Gersfeld/Altenfeld Elaphe 4 2 68-80 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Herpetologia e internet Reptilia 2 3 68-69 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Lago Enriquillo Results Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 11 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 ¿Es Valencia de Venezuela todavia? Herpetonoticias 4 1-2 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Recent literature on freshwater turtles and tortoises Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 125-131 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Sizoo '95 Reptilia 1 3 40-42 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Ein taggecko-albino - im terrarium geboren Elaphe 4 1 80 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Notas sobre herpetohila: Suplementos alimenticos Herpetonoticias 4 5-6 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Het interview: Mieke Smetsers Het Terrarium 13 9 9-11 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Conservation of Morelet's Crocodile Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 17-18 Crocoylus moreletii Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Tips on avoiding reptile associated salmonellosis Cold Blooded News 23 2 8-9 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Parasites of caiman in Puerto Rico Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 18-19 Parasites Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Victoria: Heaven for herpetoculturists Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 7 3 177-178 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Testudo hermanni Reptilia 2 4 39-42 Testudo hermanni Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Chlamydosaurus Reptilia 2 4 28-29 Chlamydosaurus Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Book Review: Chamaleones. Cuidados, crianza Reptilia 2 4 77 Book review Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Book Review: Iguana iguana. guide for successful captive care Reptilia 2 4 76 Book review Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Book Review: Landschildkröten Reptilia 2 4 76-77 Book review Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodile exports to China Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 5-6 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Croc of glod Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Review: Adaptive management and sustainable harvest models Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 20-21 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodilians in US Zoos Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 16-17 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 White crocodiles Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 6-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 On the use of bark substrates in vivaria Vivarium 8 2 56 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Lacerta najaarsperikelen Het Terrarium 14 7 26-28 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Alligator rangers protest poster Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 13 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 The future of herpetoculture Vivarium 8 2 9-13 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Siamese crocodile smuggler Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 13 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Krokodile als Heimtiere? Reptilia 1 1 29-31 Crocodiles Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Aldabra, Curieuse, Praslin, et les autres... La Tortue 35 32-33 South Africa; Conservation Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodile relocation Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 4 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Acquérir pour protéger La Tortue 35 10-11 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Nouveautés au Village des Tortues La Tortue 35 30-31 South Africa; Conservation Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodiles seized from freighter Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 6-7 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Crocodile Conservation week Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 6 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Queensland Conservation Plan Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 5 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Club Profile: The Bay Area Amphibian and Reptiles Society Reptiles 4 1 22 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Club Profile: Wisconsin Herpetological Society Reptiles 4 2 38 Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Reptile risk Irish Veterinary Journal 49 9 513 Reptilia, serpentes, testudines, infection, bacteria, salmonella Journal Article Anonymous 1996 Reptile-associated Salmonellosis--Selected States, 1994-1995. Division of Environmental Health Update. Ohio Department of Health. Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, infection, bacteria, salmonella Book Anufriev, V. M.;Bobretsov, A.V. 1996 [The Fauna of the European North-East of Russia. Volume 4. Amphibians and Reptiles Nauka 130 Book Anufriev;Bobretsov 1996 Fauna of the European Northeast of Russia. IV Amphibians and reptiles St. Petersberg Nauka 130 Journal Article Aparecida, S.;Nogueira, M.S.;Pinheiro, M.S.;Campos, Z.;Magnusson, W.;Mourao, G. 1996 Diets of Caiman crocodilus yacare from different habitats in the Brazilian Pantanal Herpetol. J. 6 111-117 CCR, CY, food, habitat, ecology, Journal Article Arai, Yuji 1996 In the spotlight: Uroplatus phantasticus (Boulenger, 1888) Dactylus 3 1 7-8 Uroplatus phantasticus Journal Article Araujo, M.S.;Andreotti, R.;Tiaen, M.;Nunes, V.;Oliva, M.L.;Sampaio, M.;Iimura, O.;Shimamoto, K.;Ura, N.;Sampaio, C. 1996 Caiman crocodilus yacare plasma kininogen detection Immunopharmacology 32 1 82-84 Journal Article Aresco, Matthew J. 1996 Malaclemys terrapin terrapin. Reproduction and nest predation Herpetological Review 27 2 77 Journal Article Aresté, M.;Farriols, J. L. 1996 Hyla meridionalis Reptilia 1 1 39-42 Hyla meridionalis Journal Article Aresté, M.;Farriols, J. L. 1996 Uromastyx acanthinurus Reptilia 1 3 31-34 Uromastyx acanthinurus Journal Article Aresté-Gargallo, Manel 1996 La apasionate historia natural del Ferreret de Mallorca (Alytes muletensis) Reptilia 2 4 14-19 Alytes muletensis Journal Article Ariel, E.;Bowden, S.;Miller, J. 1996 Crocodile resuscitation Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 14 Journal Article Arment, Chad 1996 Herp articles from Copeia Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 14 2 6 Journal Article Arnold, S F.;Robinson, M K.;Notides, A C.;Guillette, L J.;Mclachlan, J A. 1996 A yeast estrogen screen for examining the relative exposure of cells to natural and xenoestrogens Environmental Health Persp. 104 5 544-548 CCR, CY, biochemistry, endocrinology, Xenoestrogens, such as o,p' DDT and octyl phenol (OP), have been associated with reproductive abnormalities in various wildlife species. Xenoestrogens mimic the natural estrogen 17 beta estradiol and compete for binding to the estrogen receptor. Even though the affinity of o,p' DDT and OP for the estrogen receptor is approximately 1000 fold lower than 17 beta estradiol, the actions of xenoestrogens could be enhanced, if their bioavailability in serum were greater than 17 beta estradiol. To test this hypothesis, the yeast estrogen screen (YES) was created by expressing human estrogen (hER) and two estrogen response elements (ERE) linked to the lacZ gene. The beta galactosidase activity of the YES system was significantly increased after treatment with 17 beta estradiol or the xenostrogens diethylstilbestrol (DES), o,p' DDT, and OP but not with vehicle antiestrogen ICI 164,384, dexamethasone, or testosterone. To determine whether serum proteins affected the bioavailability of natural estrogens compared to xenoestrogens, albumin, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), or charcoal stripped serum were added to the YES system and beta galactosidase activity assayed. Albumin and SHBG decreased beta galactosidase activity in the presence of estradiol to a greater extent than DES, o,p' DDT, and OP. Human and alligator charcoal stripped were also effective at selectively reducing beta galactosidase in the presence of xenoestrogens, indicating that serum may serve as a biomarker for sensitivity to xenoestrogens may exert greater estrogenicity than originally predicted. The estrogenic potency of a compound involves its binding affinity, bioavailability in serum, and persistence in the environment. Our data demonstrate the utility of the YES system for identifying and characterizing environmental estrogens. Journal Article Arntzen, J.W.;Sket, B. 1996 Speak of the Devil: the taxonomic status of Proteus anguinus parkelj revisited (Caudata: Proteidae) [Wen man vom Teufel spricht... Taxonomischer status von Proteus anguinus parkelj revidiert (Caudata: Proteidae)] Herpetozoa 8 3/4 165-166 Taxonomy; Proteus anguinus parkelj Journal Article Arntzen, J. W. 1996 Book review: Ecology and conservation of the European Tree Frog. Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Hyla arborea, and Der Laubfrosch Herpetological Journal 6 4 149-150 Book review Journal Article Arntzen, J.W.;Bauer, A. M. 1996 Species and species concepts - too many or too few? Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 321-323 Species concepts Journal Article Arntzen, J. W.;Bauer, A. M. 1996 Reivsed and condensed minutes of the discussion: Species and species concepts- too many or too few? Amphibia-Reptilia 17 321-323 Journal Article Arrayago, Maria-Jesus;Bea, Antonio;Heulin, Benoit 1996 Hybridization experiment between oviparous and viviparous strains of Lacerta vivipara: a new insight into the evolution of viviparity in reptiles Herpetologica 52 3 333-342 Hybridization; Oviparity; Viviparity; Evolution; Lacerta vivipara Journal Article Arribas, Oscar J. 1996 Taxonomic revision of the Iberian 'Archaeolacertae' I.: A new interpretation of the geographical variation of 'Lacerta' monticola Boulenger, 1905 and 'Lacerta' cyreni Müller & Hellmich, 1937 (Squamata: sauria: Lacertidae) Herpetozoa 9 1/2 31-56 Lacertidae; Archaeolacerta; Lacerta monticola; Lacerta cyreni; new subspecies; systematics; taxonomy; biogeography; Iberian Peninsula Journal Article Arribas, Oscar;Rivera, Javier;Martí, Ferran 1996 Nuevos datos sobre la presencia de individuos azules de Hyla meridionalis en el noreste Ibérico Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 25-28 Book Ashley, Bob 1996 Index to: Reptiles, Reptile & Amphibian, Vivarium, Reptilian, Captive Breeding, Reptile Hobbyist, current to 1997 Lansing, MI E.C.O. 96 Bibliography Journal Article Ashton, Ray E., Jr. 1996 Guest editorial: Setting the record straight on the Volusia County, Florida sea turtle incidental take permit request Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 21-22 Journal Article Atherton, Bruce 1996 My first herp encounter Notes From NOAH 23 4 4-6 Journal Article Attum, Omar 1996 What price Egyptian Herpetofauna? Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 7 129-131 Exploitation; Commercialization Journal Article Auth, David L.;Scott, Chris 1996 Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus acricus Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Aver'yanov, Aleksandr 1996 Lev Aleksandrovich Nessov (1947-1995) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 105-106 Journal Article Avila, Luciano Javier 1996 Geographic Distribution. Philodryas aestivus subcarinatus Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Avila, Luciano Javier 1996 Geographic Distribution. Liolaemus bibroni Herpetological Review 27 2 87 Journal Article Avila, Luciano J. 1996 Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus: Ampliación de su distribución geografica y primera cita para la Provincia de Neuquen Facena 12 139-140 Journal Article Avila, Luciano J.;Acosta, Juan C. 1996 Evaluacion del estado de conservación de la fauna de Saurios anfisbenidos y anfibios de la Provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) Facena 12 77-92 Journal Article Avila, Luciano J. 1996 Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus: ampliacion de du distribución geográfica y primera cita para la provincia de Neuquen Facena 12 139-140 Journal Article Avila, Luciano J.;Acosta, Juan C. 1996 Evaluacion del estado de conservación de la fauna de saurios anfisbenidos y anfibios de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) Facena 12 77-92 Journal Article Axelsson, M.;Franklin, C.E.;Lofman, C.O.;Nilsson, S.;Grigg, G.C. 1996 Dynamic anatomical study of cardiac shunting in crocodiles using high-resolution angioscopy Journal of Experimental Biology 199 2 359-365 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, Crocodylus rhombifer, Crocodylus porosus, anatomy, physiologym heart, foramen of Panizza, heart, blood flow, cog-teeth-like valves, diving, right-to-left shunt Prolonged submergence imposes special demands on the cardiovascular system, Unlike the situation in diving birds and mammals, crocodilians have the ability to shunt blood away from the lungs, despite having an anatomically divided ventricle, This remarkable cardiovascular flexibility is due in part to three anatomical peculiarities: (1) an 'extra' aorta (the left aorta) that leaves the right ventricle and allows the blood from the right ventricle to take an alternative route into the systemic circulation instead of going to the lunes; (2) the foramen of Panizza, an aperture that connects the right and left aortas at their base immediately outside the ventricle; and (3) a set of connective tissue outpushings in the pulmonary outflow tract in the right ventricle. Using high-resolution angioscopy, we have studied, these structures in the beating crocodile heart and correlated their movements with in vivo pressure and flow recordings. The connective tissue outpushings in the pulmonary outflow tract represent an active mechanism used to restrict blood flow into the lungs, thus creating one of the conditions required for a right-to-left shunt, We observed that the foramen of Panizza was obstructed by the medial cusp of the right aortic valve during most of systole, effectively differentiating the left and right aortic blood pressure, During diastole, however, the foramen remained open, allowing pressure equilibration between the two aortas, Contrary to current theories, we found that the left aortic valves were unable to cover the foramen of Panizza during any part of the cardiac cycle, supporting the reversed foramen flow hypothesis, This would ensure a supply of blood to the coronary and cephalic circulation during a complete shutdown of the left side of the heart, such as might occur during prolonged submergence. Journal Article Axelsson, M.;Franklin, C.E.;Lofman, C.O.;Nilsson, S.;Grigg, G.C. 1996 Dynamic anatomical study of cardiac shunting in crocodiles using high resolution angioscopy J. Exper. Biol. 199 2 359-365 CPR, CR, AM, heart, anatomy, physiology, Prolonged submergence imposes special demands on the cardiovascular system, Unlike the situation in diving birds and mammals, crocodilians have the ability to shunt blood away from the lungs, despite having an anatomically divided ventricle, This remarkable cardiovascular flexibility is due in part to three anatomical peculiarities: (1) an 'extra' aorta (the left aorta) that leaves the right ventricle and allows the blood from the right ventricle to take an alternative route into the systemic circulation instead of going to the lunes; (2) the foramen of Panizza, an aperture that connects the right and left aortas at their base immediately outside the ventricle; and (3) a set of connective tissue outpushings in the pulmonary outflow tract in the right ventricle. Using high resolution angioscopy, we have studied, these structures in the beating crocodile heart and correlated their movements with in vivo pressure and flow recordings. The connective tissue outpushings in the pulmonary outflow tract represent an active mechanism used to restrict blood flow into the lungs, thus creating one of the conditions required for a right to left shunt, We observed that the foramen of Panizza was obstructed by the medial cusp of the right aortic valve during most of systole, effectively differentiating the left and right aortic blood pressure, During diastole, however, the foramen remained open, allowing pressure equilibration between the two aortas, Contrary to current theories, we found that the left aortic valves were unable to cover the foramen of Panizza during any part of the cardiac cycle, supporting the reversed foramen flow hypothesis, This would ensure a supply of blood to the coronary and cephalic circulation during a complete shutdown of the left side of the heart, such as might occur during prolonged submergence. Journal Article Ayaerzgüena, Jose;Señaris, J. Celsa 1996 Dos nuevas especies de Cochranella (Anura; Centrolenidae) para Venezuela Publicaciones De La Asociacion De Amigos De Doñana 8 5-16 Journal Article Aycrigg, Alexander D.;Farrell, Terence M.;May, Peter G. 1996 Seminatrix pygaea pygaea. Predation Herpetological Review 27 2 84 Journal Article Baas, J. F. N. 1996 fascinating China: A visit to a snake farm Litteratura Serpentium 16 3 72-73 Journal Article Baccari, G.C.;Dimatteo, L.;Minucci, S. 1996 Effects of prolactin and cortisol on the harderian gland of the terrapin, Pseudemys scripta, adapted to different salinities Anatomical Record 244 2 225-234 harderian gland; prolactin; cortisol; terrapin; osmoregulation; Pseudemys scripta; SAROTHERODON-MOSSAMBICUS; OPERCULAR MEMBRANE; CHLORIDE CELLS; GROWTH-HORMONE; TELEOST FISH; TILAPIA; OSMOREGULATION; ADAPTATION; THYROXINE; GILL Journal Article Bachs, Miquel 1996 Estomatitis en reptiles [Stomatitis in reptiles] Reptilia 1 3 10-13 Stomatitis Journal Article Bachs Taberner, Miguel 1996 Iguana verde: Cuidados y mantenimento en cautividad Reptilia 2 3 25-32 Iguana iguana Journal Article Bachs-Taberner, Miquel 1996 Alteraciones traumáticas del caparazón en tortugas Reptilia 2 8 9-13 Carapace repair Journal Article Bachs-Taberner, Miquel 1996 Reptiles: Cuando el problema es el sexo. Identificación del sexo en reptiles (II). Los reptiles dimórficos Reptilia 2 8 47-49 Journal Article Bachs-Taberner, Miguel 1996 Geschlechtsbestimmung bei Reptilien. Teil I. Die momomorphen Reptilien Reptilia 1 1 43-45 Journal Article Badran, R. A. 1996 The interactive effect of some molluscicides on the inermediate host of human bilharziasis and their associated zoosporic fungi in the river Nile, Egypt Bull Soc Pathol Exot 89 3 227-31 Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus are the main vectors of human Bilharziasis in Egypt. The mycotic inhabitants of both control and treated snails were surveyed at 7 and 15 days intervals. The two molluscicides affected more on the mortality of Biomphalaria alexandrina than Bulinus truncatus. The highest population of zoosporic fungi was collected from Biomphalaria alexandrina, the lowest from Bulinus truncatus. Copper sulphate was more effective than Bayluscide on the fungal species of both snails. Achlya, Dictyuchus and Saprolegnia were the common genera while Leptolegnia caudata and Pythium ultimum completely missed from treated snails. The total colonies of zoosporic fungi were lowered after. 15 days of treatment. The two molluscicides inhibited the cell division of both tested snails. Journal Article Bagnobianchi, Igor 1996 Phasmida ReptiMagazine 2 2 32-33 Journal Article Bagnobianchi, Igor 1996 I fasmidi: caratteristiche biologiche e comportamentali ReptiMagazine 2 3 23-25 Journal Article Bahret, Roland 1996 Ecology of lake dwelling Eurycea bislineata in the Shawangunk Mountains, New York Journal of Herpetology 30 3 399-401 Eurycea bislineata; Ecology Journal Article Baig, K. J.;Böhme, W. 1996 Description of two new subspecies of Laudakia pakistanica (Sauria: Agamidae) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 1-10 Sauria; Agamidae; Laudakia pakistanica khani ssp. nov.; Laudakia pakistanica auffenbergi ssp. nov.; Pakistan Journal Article Baird, Troy A.;Acree, Mark A.;Sloan, Chris L. 1996 Age and gender-related differences in the social behavior and mating success of free-living collared lizards, Crotaphytus collaris Copeia 1996 2 336-347 Crotaphytus collaris; matting success; social behavior Journal Article Baker, John 1996 The Declining Amphibian Populations task Force Zoo's print 11 5 34-36 Journal Article Baker, Cherryl;Brattstrom, Baynard H. 1996 Burrow plugging by the fat-tailed gecko, Diplodactylus conspicillatus Herpetofauna 26 2 51-52 Diplodactylus conspicillatus; burrow-plugging Journal Article Baker, John;Gillett, Leigh G. 1996 Frogs breeding in streams British Herpetological Society Bulletin 57 24-25 Rana temporaria Journal Article Baker, John 1996 The Declining Amphibian Population Task Force Zoos' Print 11 5 34-36 Journal Article Bakker, John 1996 Vochtigheidbeheersing: moet dat nou echt? Het Terrarium 13 10 29-30 Journal Article Ball, James C. 1996 Apical pits in snakes Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 112-116 apical pit Journal Article Ballardo, Walter Schmidt;Quijano, Fernando Mendoza;Quijano, Ma. Ela Martínez 1996 Range extensions for Hemidactylus frenatus in México Herpetological Review 27 1 40 Mexico; Hemidactylus frenatus; Range extension Journal Article Ballinger, R. E.;Congdon, J. D. 1996 Status of the bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus scalaris, in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 67-69 Journal Article Ballinger, Royce E.;Congdon, Justin D. 1996 Status of the bunch grass lizard Sceloporus scalaris, in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 67-69 Journal Article Balsai, Michael 1996 Book Review: The Natural History of Monitor Lizards Vivarium 8 1 18-19 Book review Journal Article Balsai, Michael J. 1996 Book Review: Reptile Medicine and Surgery Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Holiday 49-52 Journal Article Balzer, H. J.;Borisiuk, L.;Meyer, H. M.;Matzk, F.;Baumlein, H. 1996 A pollen allergen-encoding gene is expressed in wheat ovaries Plant Mol Biol 32 3 435-45 To isolate genes specifically expressed at the initiation of plant embryo development we have applied a sensitive subtractive hybridization technique for three isogenic wheat lines of the so-called 'Salmon system' with either zygotic or autonomous embryo development. Here we present a gene sequence showing a high homology to grass pollen allergens of type II/III thought to be expressed in pollen tissue only. Surprisingly, the pollen allergen-like sequence, designated Tri a III, is also expressed in gynoecia of the sexual, male fertile wheat line '(aestivum)-Salmon', whereas the two parthenogenetic and male sterile wheat lines '(caudata)-Salmon' and '(kotschyi)-Salmon' completely lack any Tri a III transcript. Our data suggest a positive correlation between the expression of this clone and the manifestation of male fertility. Northern and in situ hybridization analysis revealed that, in addition to its presence in pollen, Tri a III is expressed in the parenchymatous tissue of '(aestivum)-Salmon' ovaries exclusively at the day of anthesis. This precise temporal and spatial expression pattern suggests a more general function of the pollen allergen-like sequence Tri a III not limited to the exhibition of allergens in pollen grains. Journal Article Bannert, Brigitte 1996 Teneriffa (II) TI Magazin 129 61-65 Journal Article Baran, Ibrahim;Türkozan, Oguz 1996 Nesting activity of the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, on Fethiye Beach, Turkey, in 1994 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 93-96 Reptilia; Testudines; Chelonidae; Caretta caretta; Nesting; Turkey Journal Article Barandun, Jonas 1996 Vermehrung von Gelbbauchunken: Erkenntnisse und ihre Anwendung im Artenschutz Naturschutzreport 11 1 56-60 Journal Article Barcenas, Eva;Guanyabens, Joaquin;Prasas, Armando;Jordi, Xavi;Dueñas, Juan Carlos 1996 Snake Day Reptilia 1 3 2-3 Journal Article Barker, Dave;Barker, Tracy 1996 Kenyan Sand Boa: A beautiful mini-constrictor Vivarium 7 4 38-43 Eryx colubrinus Journal Article Barker, Mike A.;Hobson, Desmond D. 1996 Artificial refuges with transects as a possible reptile survey methodology British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 8-14 survey methods Journal Article Barker, David G.;Barker, Tracy M. 1996 Introducing big red: The care and maintenance of blood pythons Reptiles 4 1 56-69 Python curtus Journal Article Barker, David G.;Barker, Tracy M. 1996 The reproductive husbandry of blood pythons Reptiles 4 2 24-34 Python curtus Book Barnard, Susan M. 1996 Reptile Keeper's Handbook Malabar, FL Krieger Publishing Company 252 Journal Article Barnett, Brian;Schwaner, Terry D. 1996 Growth in captive born tiger snakes (Notechis ater serventyi) from Chappell Island: Implications for field and laboratory studies Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1996 32 7-12 Notechis ater; Growth Journal Article Barnum, Andrew H. 1996 Book Review: Snakes of Utah Great Basin Naturalist 56 3 283-285 Book review Journal Article Baron, Jean-Pierre;Ferriere, Regis;Colbert, Jean;Saint Girons, Hubert 1996 Strategie demographique de Vipera ursinii ursinii au Mont-Ventoux (France) C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la vie/Life sciences 319 57-69 Journal Article Barreto, Larissa;Moreira, Glória 1996 Seasonal variation in age structure and spatial distribution of a savanna larval anuran assemblage in central Brazil Journal of Herpetology 30 1 87-92 Seasonal variation; Age structure; Spatial Distribution; Anura Journal Article Barrett, Stefanie 1996 Disease threatens green sea turtles Endangered Species Bulletin 21 2 8-9 Chelonia mydas Journal Article Barrio, L. 1996 Book review: Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa Reptilia 2 8 76-77 Book review Journal Article Barrio, César L. 1996 Biogeografía de los saurios Reptilia 2 3 61-64 Journal Article Barrio, Cesar L.;Santomá, Gonzalo 1996 Gerrhosaurus: fuertes, inteligentes y amigables Reptilia 2 4 50-52 Gerrhosaurus Journal Article Barrio, César Luis 1996 Aportación al Atlas Herpetológico de la provincia de Teruel Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 16-18 Journal Article Barrio Amoros, César Luis 1996 Escuerzos del género Ceratophrys Reptilia 2 3 51-53 Ceratophrys Journal Article Barrio-Amorós, César L. 1996 Atelopus ¿Sólo un recuerdo? Reptilia 2 8 26-28 Atelopus Journal Article Barros, T. R. ;Williams, E. E.;Viloria, A. 1996 The genus Phenacosaurus (Squamata: Iguania) in western Venezuela: Phenacosaurus tetarii, new species, Phenacosaurus euskalerriari, new species, and Phenacosaurus nicefori Dunn, 1944 Breviora 504 1-30 genus, Phenacosaurus, Squamata, Iguania, Venezuela, tetarii, new species, euskalerriari, nicefori, Dunn Journal Article Barros Molina, Flavio de 1996 Mating behavior of captive Geoffroy's side-necked turtles, Phrynops geoffroanus (Testudines: Chelidae) Herpetological Natural History 4 2 155-160 Phrynops geoffroanus; Mating behavior Journal Article Barry, Sean J.;Jennings, Mark R.;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Current subspecific names for western Thamnophis sirtalis Herpetological Review 27 4 172-173 Thamnophis sirtalis Journal Article Bartelt, Uwe 1996 Ceratophora stoddartii Ein "nashorn' im terrarium DATZ 49 6 376-379 Ceratophora stoddartii Journal Article Barten, Stephen L. 1996 Fecal examinations Pacific Northwest Herpetological Society Newsletter 11 1 7-8 Journal Article Barten, Stephen L. 1996 The one that almost got away Reptiles 4 1 32-38 Journal Article Barten, Stephen L.;Bennett, Avery R. 1996 Treatment of chronic coxofemoral luxation by femoral head and nexk excision arthroplasty in a White Throated Monitor, Varanus albigularis Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 1 10-15 Edited Book Bartholomew, Breck 1996 The Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium Wrightwood, CA Desert Tortoise Council 56 Gopherus agassizii; Conservation; Management Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1996 Book Review: The Encyclopedia of Snakes Reptilia 1 3 54 Book Review Journal Article Bartholomew, Breck 1996 Book Review: Iguana iguana: A Guide to successful Captive Care Iguana Times 5 1 19 Book review Book Bartholomew, Breck 1996 1995 Herpetological Index Logan, UT Bibliomania Bibliography Journal Article Bartlett, R. D. 1996 The geckos of Florida.... Native and alien Reptilian 4 9 44-50 Geckos; Florida Book Bartlett, R.D.;Bartlett, Patricia 1996 Monitors, Tegus, and Related lizards: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual Hauppauge, NY Barron's 104 Varanus; Monitors; Tegus Book Bartlett, R.D.;Bartlett, Patricia 1996 Geckos: A complete Pet Owner's Manual Hauppauge, NY Barron's 104 Book Bartlett, R.D.;Bartlett, Patricia 1996 Iguanas: A complete Pet Owner's Manual Hauppauge, NY Barron's 104 Book Bartlett, R.D.;Bartlett, Patricia 1996 Turtles & Tortoises: A complete Pet Owner's Manual Hauppauge, NY Barron's 104 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Let's talk Eublepharines Reptiles 4 4 48-67 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Hello to the Amazon part IV: Chelonians and crocodilians Reptiles 4 4 42-45 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Hello to the Amazon Part II: The snakes we found in Peru Reptiles 4 3 86-95 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Notes on the malagasy plated lizards Reptiles 4 3 76-85 Zonosaurus; Tracheloptychus Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Those that got away, those that never were and "Molerization" Reptiles 4 7 40-46 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Random thoughts on eastern diamondbacks and canebrakes Reptiles 4 8 70-75 Crotalus adamanteus; Crotalus horridus Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Goodbye to the Amazon: the final hike Reptiles 4 5 92-99 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 A question of color Reptiles 4 5 84-91 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Gopherus tortoises of the East, Central, West and South Reptiles 4 6 48-67 Gopherus Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 "Buzztails" worthy of mention Reptiles 4 6 34-38 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 A Costa Rican Interlude (Part 3) Reptiles 4 12 24-30 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 A costa Rican Interlude (Part 1) Reptiles 4 10 40-45 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Red-tailed boas: what's in a name? Reptiles 4 11 48-63 Boa constrictor Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Random thoughts on rattlers: timbers, black tails and others Reptiles 4 9 84-91 Crotalus Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 A costa Rica interlude (Part 2) Reptiles 4 11 86-91 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Notes on a selection of arboreal vipers in captivity Reptiles 4 2 48-67;70-71 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Hello to the Amazon part II: day walks and night walks Reptiles 4 2 40-47 Journal Article Bartlett, Dick 1996 Hello to the Amazon (part I) Reptiles 4 1 76-87 Book Bartlett, R.D.;Bartlett, Patricia 1996 Frogs, Toads, and Treefrogs: A complete pet owner's manual Hauppauge, NY Barron's 104 Journal Article Bartley, Glenn R. 1996 Herpetological haven of the Cascade valley, Boome County, New York The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 135-146 New York Journal Article Bartley, G. R. 1996 Successful breeding of Pituophis melanoleucus affinis The Herptile 21 2 61-65 Pituophis melanoleucus affinis Journal Article Bartley, Glenn R. 1996 Some hints to ensure you will be purchasing a healthy snake The Herptile 21 1 37-39 Journal Article Bartley, Glenn R. 1996 My first herp: a red-eared slider The Herptile 21 1 41-44 Journal Article Barton, Diane P.;Richards, Stephen J. 1996 Helminth infracommunities in Litoria genimaculata (Amphibia: Anura) from Birthday Creek, an upland rainforest stream in Northern Queensland, Australia International Journal for Parisitology 26 12 1381--1385 Journal Article Barton, Harry L.;Guttman, Sheldon I. n.d. Low temperature preservation of toad spermatozoa (Genus Bufo) Texas Journal of Science 363-370 Journal Article Barts, Mirko 1996 Buchbesprechung: Dornschwanzagamen-Lebenweise, Pflege und Zucht Sauria 18 2 44 Book review Journal Article Barts, Mirko 1996 Varanus albigularis albigularis (Daudin, 1802) - eine verhaltensbiologische beobachtung Sauria 18 2 17-19 Reptilia; Squamata; Sauria; Varanidae; Varanus albigularis; akinetic defense behavior; defense behavior Journal Article Barus, Vlastimil;Hubálek, Zdenek;Coy Otero, Alberto 1996 Testing the context and extent of host-parasite co-evolution: nematodes parasitising Cuban lizards (Sauria: Iguanidae) Folia Zoologica 45 1 57-64 Journal Article Bass, A.L.;Good, D.A.;Bjorndal, K.A.;Richardson, J.I.;Hillis, Z.M.;Horrocks, J.A.;Bowen, B.W. 1996 Testing models of female reproductive migratory behaviour and population structure in the Caribbean hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, with mtDNA sequences Molecular Ecology 5 321-328 hawksbill; migration; DNA Journal Article Bastos, Rogério P.;Haddad, Célio F. B. 1996 Breeding activity of the neotropical treefrog Hyla elegans (Anura, Hylidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 3 355-360 Hyla elegans; breeding activity Journal Article Bastos, Rogério P.;Pombal, José P., Jr 1996 A new species of Hyla (Anura: Hylidae) from eastern Brazil Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 325-331 Hyla haddadi sp. nov.; Hyla branneri; Hyla decipiens; Hyla oliveirai; Brazil Journal Article Bates, M. F. 1996 Book review: Cape Tortoises - Their indentification and care Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 2 74-76 Book review Journal Article Bates, M. F. 1996 Book review: Cape Tortoises - Their identification and care African Journal of Herpetology 45 2 74-76 National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa Journal Article Batista, Ricardo 1996 Construcción de un terrario de vidrio [How to build a glass terrarium] Reptilia 1 3 6-9 Journal Article Batista Carissimi-Priori, Luis 1996 Las serpientes del Olimpo Reptilia 2 8 56-60 Arcitecture; mythology Journal Article Batlle, Miquel 1996 La fotografía de anfibios en terrario Reptilia 1 3 46-47 Journal Article Battiston, Pietro 1996 Una proposicion sobre la tenecia de Fauna silvestre Herpetonoticias 6 1-3 Journal Article Battiston, Pietro 1996 El primer año de vida de Epicrates cenchria maurus Reptilia 2 3 43-46 Epicrates cenchria maurus Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Russell, A. P.;Powell, G. L. 1996 The evolution of locomotor morphology in Rhoptropus (Squamata: Gekkonidae): Functional and phylogenetic considerations Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 1 8-30 Locomotor morphology; Rhoptropus Journal Article Bauer, Aaron;Branch, William R. 1996 Pachydactylus bibronii. Predation Herpetological Review 27 2 79-80 Journal Article Bauer, A. M.;Good, D. A. 1996 Phylogenetic systematics of the day geckos, genus, Rhoptropus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), of south-western Africa J. Zool. Lond. 238 635-663 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Günther, Rainer;Robeck, Heidi E. 1996 An annotated type catalogue of the hemisotid, microhylid, myobatrachid, pelobatid, and pipid frogs in the Zoological Museum, Berlin (Amphibia: Anura: Hemisotidae: Microhylidae: Myobatrachidae, Pelobatidae and Pipidae) Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 72 2 259-275 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron;Branch, William R.;Good., David A. 1996 A new species of rock-dwelling Phyllodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Richtersveld, South Africa Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University 71 1-14 Journal Article Bauer, Aaron M.;Branch, William R.;Good, David A. 1996 A new species of rock-dwelling Phyllodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Richtersveld, south Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University 71 1-13 Phyllodactylus gemmulus n. sp. Journal Article Baumgartner, Christian;Bitschi, Norbert;Ellinger, Norbert;Gollmann, Birgit;Gollmann, Günter;Köck, Michael;Lebeth, Elke;Waringer-Löschenkohl, Andrea 1996 Laichablage und Embryonalentwicklung von Sprinfrosch (Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840) und Grasfrosch (Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758) in einem syntopen Vorkommen (Anura: Ranidae). [Spawning and embryonic development in syntopic Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840, and Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758 (Anura: Ranidae)] Herpetozoa 9 3/4 133-150 Rana dalmatina; Rana temporaria; Life-history; Spawning; Egg size; Embryonic development; Hatching; Electrophoresis Journal Article Bauwens, D.;Hertz, P. E.;Castilla, A. M. 1996 Thermal regulation in a lacertid lizard: The relative contributions of distinct behavioral mechanisms Ecology 77 6 1818-1830 temperature, lizard, behavior, thermoregulation, Lacerta Journal Article Bauwens, D.;Hertz, P. E.;Castilla, A. M. 1996 Thermoregulation in a lacertid lizard: the relative contributions of distinctbehavioralmechanisms Ecology 77 6 1818-1830 temperature, thermoregulation, behavior Journal Article Baxter, Martin 1996 Free handling the 'hot' ones Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 64-65 Journal Article Bayley, Jane R.;Highfield, Andy C. 1996 Observations on ecological changes threatening a population of Testudo graeca in the Souss Valley, southern Morocco Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 36-42 Reptilia; Testudines; Testudines; Testudo graeca; Tortoise; Ecology; Habitat; Diet; Status; Conservation; Morocco Journal Article Beachy, Christopher K. 1996 Reduced courtship success between parapatric populations of the plethodontid salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus Copeia 1996 1 199-203 Gyrinophilus porphyriticus; Courtship success Journal Article Bearzi, Maddalena 1996 Sea turtles in the El palmar Reserve, Yucatan: a preliminary study Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 18-20 Sea turtles; Yucatan; Mexico Journal Article Beaupre, Steven J. 1996 Field metabolic rate, water flux, and energy budgets of mottled rock rattlesnakes, Crotalus lepidus, from two populations Copeia 1996 2 319-329 Crotalus lepidus; field metabolic rate; water flux; energy budget Journal Article Beavers, Sallie C.;Cassano, Edward R. 1996 Movements and dive behavior of a male sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the eastern tropical Pacific Journal of Herpetology 30 1 97-104 Lepidochelys olivacea; Movements; Dive behavior Journal Article Bechman, D. W.;Schulz., R. G. 1996 A simple method for marking fish otoliths with alizarin compounds Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125 146-149 Journal Article Beck, Alison 1996 Tortoises in the wild: A visit to Aldabra Turtle Tales 6 1 6-8 Journal Article Beck, D. D. 1996 Effects of feeding on body temperatures of rattlesnakes: a field experiment Physiological Zoology 69 6 1442-1455 temperature, feeding, rattlesnakes, body temperature, radiotelemetry, postprandial repsonse Journal Article Becker, Herbert 1996 Bemerkungen zur haltung und nachzucht von Cuora flavomarginata flavomarginata (Gray, 1863) [Remarks on husbandry and breeding of Cuora flavomarginata flavomarginata (Gray, 1863)] Salamandra 32 2 65-72 Cuora flavomarginata; Breeding; Husbandry; hatching data; Emydidae; Testudines Journal Article Beckers, G. J. L.;Leenders, T. A. A. M.;Strijbosch, H. 1996 Coral snake mimicry: live snakes not avoided by a mammalian predator Oecologia 106 461-463 aposematic, coloration, mimicry, coral snake, Micrurus Journal Article Bedford, Gavin S. 1996 Successful breeding of the diamond python (Morelia s. spilota) in the wet/dry tropics of Northern Australia Herpetofauna 26 2 19-21 Breeding; Morelia spilota spilota Journal Article Bedford, Gavin S.;O'Grady, Anthony P. 1996 An unusual behaviour in the agamid Tympanocryptis lineata on the Barkly Tablelands Herpetofauna 26 1 44 Tympanocryptis lineata; Behavior Journal Article Bedford, Gavin S.;Christian, keith A. 1996 Tail morphology related to habitat of varanid lizards and some other reptiles Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 131-140 Varanus; Varanidae; tail morphology; Journal Article Bee, M. A.;Perrill, S. A. 1996 Responses to conspecific advertisement calls in the green frog (Rana clamitans) and their role in male-male communication Behaviour 133 283-301 acoustic communication, aggresive call, Amphibia, Anura, calls-timing, competition, playback, Ranidae, territoriality, Journal Article Beebee, Trevor 1996 Twenty years of garden ponds British Herpetological Society Bulletin 56 2-6 Amphibian population size Journal Article Beebee, Trevor 1996 Frog mass mortality: scurrilous disease of panic attack? British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 15-16 Amphibian decline; egg mass mortality Journal Article Beerli, Peter;Hotz, Hansjürg;Uzzell, Thomas 1996 Geologically dated sea barriers calibrate a protein clock for Aegean water frogs Evolution 50 4 1676-1687 Journal Article Begg, Paul 1996 Problem feeders: the Royal python Reptilian 4 9 9-12 Python regius Journal Article Behra, Oliver 1996 Reports of crocodiles attacks on people in Madagascar 1990 to 1996 Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 3-4 crocodile attacks Journal Article Bejakovic, D.;Aleksic, I.;Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.;Dzukic, G.;Kalezic, M. L. 1996 Reproductive cycle and clutch size in female sharp-snouted rock lizards, Lacerta oxycephala Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 73-77 Lacerta oxycephala; Reproductive cycle; Clutch size Journal Article Bejakovic, D.;Aleksic, I.;Tarasjev, A.;Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J.;Dzukic, G.;Kalezic, M. L. 1996 Life-history variation in a community of lacertid lizards from the Lake Skadar Region (Montenegro) Herpetological Journal 6 4 125-132 Algroides nigropunctatus; Lacerta oxycephala; Podarcis melisellensis; Podarcis muralis; Montenegro; Life history Journal Article Bejakovic, D.;Aleksic, I.;Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka;Dzukic, Georg;Kalezic, Milos L. 1996 Female reproductive traits in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) from the Skadar Lake Region, Montenegro Revista Española de Herpetología 10 91-96 ljkaca@ibiss.bg.ac.yu Journal Article Bell, Christopher J.;Mead, Jim I. 1996 Charina Gray, 1849 (Boidae: Erycinae) from the Pleistocene of California Herpetological Natural History 4 2 161-168 Charina; Pleistocene Journal Article Bell, Christopher J.;Whistler, David P. 1996 Fossil remains of the legless lizard, Anniella Gray, 1852 from Late Pleistocene deposits at Rancho La Brea, Caifornia Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 95 2 99-102 paleoecology baja california Journal Article Bell, Edwin L. 1996 Descriptions of neotypes for Sceloporus undulatus undulatus, the southern fence lizard, and Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus, the northern fence lizard, and a lectotype for Sceloporus undulatus garmani, the northern prairie lizard Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 3 81-103 Journal Article Bell, Edwin L. 1996 Descriptions of neotypes for Sceloporus undulatus undulatus, the Southern Fence Lizard, and Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthus, the Northern Fence Lizard, and a lectotype for Sceloporus undulatus garmani, the Northern Prairie Lizard Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 3 81-103 Journal Article Bellagamba, Patricio J.;Vega, Laura E. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnodynastes hypocontia Herpetological Review 27 1 36 Journal Article Bellini, Claudio;Sanches, Taisi Maria 1996 Reproduction and feeding of marine turtles in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 12-13 Journal Article Bellini, Claudio;Marcovaldi, Maria Angela;Sanches, Taisi Maria;Grossman, Alice;Sales, Gilberto 1996 Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve: second largest Chelonia rookery in Brazil Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 1-2 Journal Article Bendon, John 1996 Review of the Fourth Annual Convention of the International Iguana Society: In Search of the rare iguana Cyclura rileyi rileyi Reptilian 4 3 34-39 Cyclura rileyi Book Bennett, Daniel 1996 Warane der Welt-Wlet der Warane Frankfurt, Germany Edition Chimaira 383 Varanus; Varanidae Journal Article Benslimane, B.;Guerrero, R.;Durettedesset, M.C. 1996 Oswaldocruzia venezuelensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea), a parasite of Bufo marinus from Venezuela Folia Parasitologica 43 4 297-300 Amphibia, anura, Bufo marinus , infection, helminth, nematoda, Oswaldocruzia venezuelensis A new species of Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917, a parasite of Bufo marinus L. from Venezuela, is described. Like most Neotropical Oswaldacruzia, Oswaldacruzia venezuelensis sp. n. is characterized by spicules with three principal branches: blade, shoe and fork, and by a division of the fork within the distal third of the spicule length. O. vaucheri Ben Slimane et Durette-Desset, 1993 is the most closely related species due to its caudal bursa of type Il and its cervical alae of the same shape but it differs in the following characters: the position of the papillae of rays 4 situated nearer the papillae of rays 3 rather than rays 5, a higher percentage of the ridges in the oesophageal region, the cervical alae three times longer and sharp and the spicular fork divided less deeply. B Benslimane Ecole Prat Hautes Etud Lab Protozool & Parasitol Comparee 61 Rue Buffon F-75231 Paris 05, France Journal Article Bentivegna, Flegra;Paglialonga, Angela 1996 Growth in loggerhead turtle limited by ambient constraints Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 13 Caretta caretta Journal Article Benton, Allen 1996 The life of the diamondback terrapin Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 42-47 Malaclemys terrapin Journal Article Benton, Helen 1996 Book Review: Your Easy Guide to Care, Training and Breeding of Common Green Iguana Iguana Times 5 1 20 Book review Journal Article Benyr, Gerald 1996 Buchbesprechung: Geckos der Welt. Alle Gattungen Herpetozoa 9 3/4 181-182 Book review Journal Article Benyr, Gerald 1996 Vorschriften und Förderung der Eingenverantwortung als Wege zur Verbesserung der Haltungsbedingungen von Reptilien und Amphibien Herpetozoa 8 3/4 169-178 Journal Article Benyr, G. 1996 Advises and improvement of personal responsability as a means of improoving the keeping of reptiles and amphibians Vorschriften und Förderung der Eigenverantwortung als Wege zur Verbesserung der Haltungsbedingungen von Reptilien und Amphibien Herpetozoa 8 3/4 169-178 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, amphibia, management Journal Article Bergada, José;Pether, Jim 1996 Krokodile: Überlebende der Urzeit Reptilia 1 1 17-22 Crocodylia Journal Article Bergadá, José 1996 Reptilandia Park Reptilia 2 4 43-45 Book Section Berger, Heinz 1996 Zur Situation der Rotbauchunke in Sachsen Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 72-77 Bombina bombina; Germany; Status Journal Article Berger-Bishop, Laurel E.;Harris, Reid N. 1996 A study of caudal allometry in the salamander Hemidactylium scutatum (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Herpetologica 52 4 515-525 Hemidactylium scutatum; Caudal allometry; complex life cycle Journal Article Bergeron, L. J.;Stever, A. J.;Light, D. B. 1996 Potassium conductance activated during regulatory volume decrease by mudpuppy red blood cells Am J Physiol 270 4 Pt 2 R801-10 Animal; Bufo marinus; Calcium/physiology; Calmodulin/physiology; Electric Conductivity; Erythrocytes/cytology/*physiology; Hematocrit; Necturus/*blood; Osmotic Fragility; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium/*physiology; Rana pipiens; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. The cellular basis of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) by mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) red blood cells (RBCs) was examined. Volume regulation was inhibited by replacing extracellular Na+ with K+. In contrast, addition of gramicidin (5 microM) to the extracellular medium enhanced RVD. The K(+)-channel blocker quinine (1 mM) also inhibited RVD, and this inhibition was reversed by gramicidin (5 microM). In addition, a 0 Ca(2+)-EGTA Ringer blocked RVD, whereas the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 ( microM) enhanced recovery of cell volume. The stretch-activated ion channel antagonist gadolinium (10 microM) inhibited RVD, and this effect was reversed by A23187 (2 microM). Furthermore, the calmodulin inhibitors pimozide (10 microM) and N-(6- aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalene-sulfonamide (0.1 mM) blocked RVD, and this inhibition was reversed with gramicidin (5 microM). Consistent with these findings, a K(+)-selective membrane conductance was activated by exposing RBCs to a 0.5x Ringer solution (observed with the whole cell patch clamp technique). This conductance was inhibited by quinine (1 mM), gadolinium (10 microM), and pimozide (10 microM). These results indicate that cell swelling activates a K+ conductance by a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent mechanism and that this channel mediates K+ loss during RVD. Journal Article Bergman, Enoch;Boback, Scott;Hill, Ben;Hobert, Justin;Montgomery, Chad;Mackessy, Stephen p. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pseudacris triseriata maculata Herpetological Review 27 4 209 Journal Article Berke, Tony;Kaplan, Melissa 1996 Chaco tortoises: what does the future hold? Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 118-122 Geochelone chilensis Journal Article Bertoni, Ribello 1996 Jackals of the reptile kingdom: turtles Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 22-26 Journal Article Bertoni, Ribello M. 1996 Winter herping Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Holiday 12-18 Journal Article Bertoni, Ribello M. 1996 The panther chameleon Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 12-21 Chamaeleo pardalis Journal Article Bertram, Susan;Berrill, Michael;Nol, Erica 1996 Male mating success and variation in chorus attendance within and among breeding seasons in the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor) Copeia 1996 3 729-734 Hyla versicolor; mating success Journal Article Besteman, Arjen;Besteman, Petra 1996 Leeg terrarium? Hoezo leeg terrarium? Het Terrarium 13 8 9-10 Journal Article Bevevino, L.H.;Procopio, J.;Sesso, A.;Sanioto, S.M.L. 1996 Effect of oxytocin on transepithelial transport of water and Na+ in distinct ventral regions of frog skin (Rana catesbeiana) Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 166 2 120-130 Amphibia, anura, Rana catesbeiana, physiology, skin, transport, water, Na+, water transport, sodium transport, oxytocin Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic fragments of ventral skin of Rana catesbeiana were analysed regarding the effect of oxytocin on: (1) transepithelial water transport; (2) short-circuit current, (3) skin conductance and electrical potential difference; (4) Na+ conductance, the electromotive force of the Nat transport mechanism, and shunt conductance; (5) short-circuit current responses to fast Na+ by K+ replacement in the outer compartment, and (6) epithelial microstructure. Unstimulated water and Na+ permeabilities were low along the ventral skin. Hydrosmotic and natriferic responses to oxytocin increased from thorax to pelvis, Unstimulated Na+ conductance was greater in pelvis than in abdomen, the other electrical parameters being essentially similar in both skin fragments. Contribution of shunt conductance to total skin conductance was higher in abdominal than in pelvic skin. Oxytocin-induced increases of total skin conductance, Na+ conductance, and shunt conductance in pelvis were significantly larger than in abdomen, An oscillatory behaviour of the short-circuit current was observed only in oxytocin-treated pelvic skins. Decrease of epithelial thickness and increase of mitochondria-rich cell number were observed from thorax to pelvis, Oxytocin-induced increases of interspaces were more conspicuous in pelvis and abdomen than in thorax. SML Sanioto, USP, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Fisiol & Biofis, AV Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Journal Article Bhaskar, Satish 1996 Renesting intervals of the hawksbiull sea turtle (eretmochelys imbricata) on South Reef Island, Andaman Islands, India Hamadryad 21 19-22 Eretmochelys imbricata; renesting interval; Multiple renesting; Andaman Islands; India Journal Article Bhaskar, Satish 1996 Sea kraits on South Reef Island, Andaman Islands, India Hamadryad 21 27-35 Laticauda colubrina; Laticauda laticauda; Sexual dimorphism; Andaman Islands; India Journal Article Bhaskar, Satish 1996 Renesting intervals of the hawksbiull sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) on South Reef Island, Andaman Islands, India Hamadryad 21 19-22 Eretmochelys imbricata; renesting interval; Multiple renesting; Andaman Islands; India Journal Article Bhaskar, S. 1996 Renesting intervals of the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) on South Reef Island, Andaman Islands, India Hamadryad 21 19-22 hawksbill Journal Article Bickham, John W.;Lamb, Trip;Minx, Patrick;Patton, John C. 1996 Molecular systematics of the genus Clemmys and the intergeneric relationships of Emydid turtles Herpetologica 52 1 89-97 Systematics; Ribosomal DNA; Turtles; Emydidae; Nucleotide sequences Journal Article Bidmon, H.J.;Stumpf, W.E. 1996 Vitamin D target systems in the brain of the green lizard Anolis carolinensis Anatomy and Embryology 193 2 145-160 vitamin D receptor; central nervous system; choroid plexus; meninges; reptile; RECEPTOR MESSENGER-RNA; STEROID-HORMONE; D-SOLTRIOL; 1,25 DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; MELATONIN RECEPTORS; ARGININE VASOTOCIN; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D3; CELLS; LOCALIZATION; PITUITARY Journal Article Bigiani, A.;Kim, D. J.;Roper, S. D. 1996 Membrane properties and cell ultrastructure of taste receptor cells in Necturus lingual slices J Neurophysiol 75 5 1944-56 Animal; Electrophysiology; In Vitro; Ion Channel Gating/physiology; Lysine/analogs & derivatives; Membrane Potentials/physiology; Membranes/physiology/ultrastructure; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Necturus maculosus; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels/metabolism/physiology; Sodium Channels/metabolism/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Taste/*physiology; Taste Buds/*physiology/*ultrastructure; Tongue/physiology/ultrastructure 1. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings and electron micrographs were obtained from cells in Necturus taste buds in lingual slices to study their membrane properties and to correlate these properties with cell ultrastructure. 2. Two different populations of taste receptor cells could be identified: one type possessed voltage-gated Na+ and K+ (noninactivating) currents (group 1 cells); the other type possessed only K+ (inactivating) currents (group 2 cells). 3. The zero-current ("resting") potential (Vo) and whole cell resistance (Ro) of these two types of taste cells differed significantly. For group 1 cells, on average, Vo = -75 mV and Ro = 24.6 G omega, and for group 2 cells, Vo = -49 mV and Ro = 48.9 G omega. The difference in Ro was not explained completely by differences in cell sizes, suggesting that intrinsic membrane properties differed between the populations. 4. Cells injected with biocytin were the electron microscope after tissues were reacted with majority (14 of 16) of cells with voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents (group 1 cells) were characterized by abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and dense granular packets in the apical process. These are features of dark cells. All the cells that only possessed K+ currents (group 2 cells) were characterize by well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and an absence granular packets. These features characterize light cells. 5. These findings indicate that there is a good, although not exact, correlation between electrophysiological properties and cell morphotype in Necturus taste bud cells. All dark cells possessed Na+ and K+ currents and thus would be expected to be capable of generating action potentials. Most light cells only possessed outward K+ currents and thus would be incapable of generating action potentials. Journal Article Billawer, W. H.;Heideman, N. J. L. 1996 A comparative analysis of diurnal behavioural activities in males of Agama aculeata aculeata and A. planiceps planiceps (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Windhoek, Namibia Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 2 68-73 Agama aculeata; Agama planiceps; Namibia; behavior Journal Article Birchard, G.F.;Reiber, C.L. 1996 Heart rate during development in the turtle embryo: Effect of temperature Journal of Comparative Physiology B - Biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology 166 8 461-466 Reptilia, testudines, Chelydra, physiology, embryo, incubation, heart rate, temperature, Growth and development can occur over a wide range of physical conditions in reptiles. Cardiovascular function must be critical to this ability. However, information on cardiovascular function in developing reptiles is lacking. Previous work indicated that in reptiles the effects of temperature on growth and metabolism are largely restricted to early development. This study examined whether the previously observed effects of temperature and different perinatal patterns of metabolism observed in amniotic vertebrates are correlated with cardiovascular function. Embryonic and hatchling carcass mass, heart mass and heart rate (HR) were compared for snapping turtle eggs (Chelydra serpentina) incubated at 24 degrees and 29 degrees C. Incubation time was shorter at 29 degrees C (56.2 days) than at 24 degrees C (71.1 days). Carcass and heart growth showed a sigmoidal pattern at both temperatures. However, cardiac growth showed a relative decrease as incubation proceeded. Incubation temperature significantly affected the HR pattern during development. The HR of embryos incubated at 24 degrees C was constant for most of incubation (51.8 +, - 4.8 min(-1)). A small decrease was observed just prior to and a large decrease immediately following hatching (posthatch, 22.3 +, - 4.1 min(-1)). At 29 degrees C embryonic HR was greater than at 24 degrees C early in development (72.3 +, - 3 min(-1)). The HR steadily decreased to values equivalent to those at 24 degrees C. The HRs of 24 degrees C and 29 degrees C hatchlings were not different. Cardiac output (estimated as the product of heart mass and HR) increased rapidly during early development and then slowed dramatically at both temperatures. These data are consistent with the suggestion that temperature exerts its effects primarily early in development. Furthermore, the changes in cardiovascular function are correlated with metabolic changes in hatching vertebrates. GF Birchard, George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA Journal Article Birchard, G.F.;Marcellini, D. 1996 Incubation time in reptilian eggs Journal of Zoology 240 Part 4 621-635 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, egg, physiology, metabolsim, incubation time An allometric analysis of reptilian incubation time was performed. Incubation time increased with increasing egg mass (allometric exponent = 0.14, r(2) = 0.31). However, significant heterogeneity was found within the Reptilia for this character. If periods of developmental arrest are excluded the orders Crocodylia, Testudinata, and the suborder Serpentes have the shortest incubation times and the lizards the longest. Significant differences within lizard families were also observed (Iguanidae, Agamidae, Gekkonidae, and Lacertidae have shorter incubation times than the Varanidae and Teiidae). Preliminary analyses indicate the heterogeneity in incubation time observed within the Squamata is correlated with differences in brain mass; this is similar to findings for mammals. The variation in incubation time indicates the existence of differences in growth rates in reptilian groups and suggests a partial explanation for the observed distribution of viviparity within the Squamata. GF Birchard, George Mason Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA Journal Article Bisazza, A.;Cantalupo, C.;Robins, A.;Rogers, L.J.;Vallortigara, G. 1996 Right-pawedness in toads Nature 379 6564 408 LATERALIZATION Journal Article Bishop, Lianne A.;Farrell, Terence M.;May, Peter G. 1996 Sexual dimorphism in a Florida population of the rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius Herpetologica 52 3 360-364 Sistrurus miliarius; Viperidae; Sexual dimorphism; Florida; Neonates; Color pattern; Body size; sexual selection Journal Article Bjorndal, Karen A.;Bolten, Alan B.;Lagueux, Cynthia J.;Chaves, Ana 1996 Probability of tag loss in green turtles nesting at Tortuguero, Costa Rica Journal of Herpetology 30 4 567-571 tag loss; sea turtles; Costa Rica; Tortugero; Caretta caretta Book Section Bjorndal, K.A. 1996 Foraging ecology and nuitrition in sea turtles P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 199-232 Book Section Bjorndal, K. A. 1996 Foraging ecology and nutrition of sea turtles Lutz, P.L. and Musick, J. A. The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, Florida CRC Press 199-231 green; feeding Journal Article Blacker, Chas 1996 Animal rights protest at IHS (Avon Branch) Fair Reptilian 4 7 22 Animal rights Journal Article Blahak, Silvia 1996 Repatriierung von Reptilien Elaphe 4 4 61-64 Journal Article Blair, David W. 1996 Sex and the single saurian Cold Blooded News 23 1 8 Uromastyx Journal Article Blair, Kathleen B.;Chavez, Janelda E.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobert M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis Herpetological Review 27 4 214 Journal Article Blair, Kathleen B.;Chavez, Janelda E.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis proximus Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Blair, David 1996 In search of the mystery iguana San Diego Herpetological Society Newsletter 18 1 5-6 Cyclura rileyi Journal Article Blankenship, E. L. 1996 SUSPECTED INTOXICATION OF LOGGERHEAD MUSK TURTLE WITH METRONIDAZOLE Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 3 6 Reptilia, testudines, loggerhead musk turtle, intoxication metronidazole Journal Article Blankenship, E. L. 1996 Suspected intoxification of loggerhead musk turtle with metronidazole Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 3 6 Reptilia, testudines, loggerhead musk turtle, intoxication metronidazole Journal Article Blatchford, David 1996 Book review: Snakes and Snake Hunting The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 177-178 Book review Journal Article Blaustein, Andrew R.;Hoffman, Peter D.;Kiesecker, Joseph M.;Hays, John B. 1996 DNA repair activity and resistance to solar UB-B radiation in eggs of the red-legged frog Conservation Biology 10 5 1398-1402 Rana aurora; Amphibian decline; UV-B radiation; Ultraviolet light Journal Article Blaustein, Leon;Margalit, Joel 1996 Priority effects in temporary pools: Nature and outcome of mosquito larva-toad tadpole interactions depend on order of entrance Journal of Animal Ecology 65 77-84 Bufo viridis, Community organization, Culiseta longiareolata, interphyletic competition, intraguild predation, priority effects, temporary pools Journal Article Blaustein, L.;Margalit., J. 1996 Priority effects in temporary pools: nature and outcome of mosquito larva-toad tadpole interactions depend on order of entrance Journal of Animal Ecology 65 77-84 Journal Article Blaustein, A. R.;P. D. Hoffman, J. M. Kiesecker;Hays., J. B. 1996 DNA repair activity and resistance to solar UV-B radiation in eggs of the red-legged frog Conservation Biology 10 1398-1402 Journal Article Blazquez, Ma. Carmen 1996 Nerodia valida. Prey Herpetological Review 27 2 83-84 Journal Article Blees, Mario 1996 Beitrag zur Ernährung von Rhacodactylus leachianus (Cuvier, 1829) Sauria 18 4 25-27 Reptilia; Sauria; Gekkonidae; Rhacodactylus leachianus; Diet Journal Article Blezer, Frans 1996 Verbreitung und Situation der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) in den Niederlanden Naturschutzreport 11 1 193-197 Journal Article Blinn, Elke 1996 Nachzucht von Gonatodes vittatus, dem Streifengecko Elaphe 4 2 14-15 Gonatodes vittatus Journal Article Bloem, Silvia;Mavromichalis, Johan 1996 Raising offspring of Epicrates striatus striatus Litteratura Serpentium 16 1 21 Epicrates striatus Journal Article Bloxam, Q. M. C.;Behler, J. L.;Rakotovao, E. R.;Randriamahazo, H. J. A. R.;Hayes, K. T.;Tonge, S. J.;Ganzhorn, J. U. 1996 Effects of logging on the reptile fauna of the Kirindy Forest with special emphasis on the flat-tailed tortoise (Pyxis planicauda) Primate Report 46 1 189-201 Logging, niche separation, lizard, P. planicauda Journal Article Boback, Scott;Link, Shelly;Montgomery, Chad;Hobert, Justin;Bergman, Enoch;Hill, Ben;Mackessey, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Chrysemys picta belli Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article Boback, Scott;Montgomery, Chad;Hobert, Justin;Bergman, Enoch;Hill, Ben;Mackessey, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Boback, Scott;Link, Shelly;Bergman, Enoch;Hill, Ben;Montgomery, Chad;Hobert, Justin;Mackessey, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis getula Herpetological Review 27 4 213 Journal Article Bobrov, Vladimir V. 1996 Amphibian zoogeographical regions of the former Soviet Union Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 201-208 Zoogeography Journal Article Bobryzynska, K.;Vrang, N.;Mrosovsky, N. 1996 Persistance of nonphotic phase shifts in hamsters after serotonin depletion in the suprachiasmatic nucleus Brain Research 741 204-214 5,7-DHT Journal Article Bobyn, Michèle L.;Darevsky, Ilya S.;Kupriyanova, Larissa A.;MacCulloch, Ross D.;Upton, Darlene E.;Danielyan, Felix D.;Murphy, Robert W. 1996 Allozyme variation in populations of Lacerta raddei and Lacerta nairensis (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Armenia Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 233-246 Lacerta nairensis; Lacerta raddei; Allozyme variation; Population genetics; Armenia Journal Article Bock, Brian C. 1996 Interclutch interval and egg aggregation in the Tropical house gecko, Hemidactylus mabouia Herpetological Review 27 4 181-183 Hemidactylus mabouia; interclutch interval; egg aggregation Journal Article Bodie, J. Russell;Smith, Kelley R.;Burke, Vincent J. 1996 A comparison of diel nest temperature and nest site selection for two sympatric species of freshwater turtles American Midland Naturalist 136 181-186 Journal Article Bodnar, D.A. 1996 The separate and combined effects of harmonic structure, phase, and FM on female preferences in the barking treefrog (Hyla gratiosa) Journal of Comparative Physiology A - Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 178 2 173-182 acoustic communication; phonotaxis; auditory; advertisement call; mate choice; COMBINATION-SENSITIVE NEURONS; MATING CALL RECOGNITION; ANURAN AUDITORY-NERVE; NEOTROPICAL FROG; GREEN TREEFROG; MUSTACHED BAT; PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS; PERIODICITY EXTRACTION; RANA-CATESBEIANA; FINE-STRUCTURE Journal Article Boede, Ernesto;Lander, Alfredo;Gonzalez-Fernadez, Maria J. 1996 Reintroduccion de Crocdylus acutus en Venezuela [Reintroduction of Crocodylus acutus in Venezuela] Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 15-16 Crocodylus acutus Journal Article Boettcher, Charles 1996 The gecko warriors Reptiles 4 2 100 Journal Article Boggs, J.;Irschick, D. 1996 The effect of diameter on escape behavior of Anolis lizards: laboratory predictions and field tests Anim. Behav. 51 593-602 Journal Article Bohuslavek, Jan 1996 Ninia sebae sebae (Red coffee snake). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 3 146 Journal Article Boismier, Deina 1996 Book Review: "It's Alive!" Iguan Owner's Manual: Iguana Understanding, care and Service Iguana Times 5 1 19-20 Book review Journal Article Bolanos, Juan R. 1996 Nacimientos de caimanes en cautiverio [Birth of crocodiles in captivity] Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 9-10 Journal Article Bolanos, Juan R. 1996 Formación de la Asociación Costarricense de Investigadores en Crocodilidos [Costa Rican Association of crocodile Investigations] Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 12 Journal Article Bolanos Montero, J.R. 1996 Evaluacion del crecimiento de neonatos de Crocodylus acutus (Crocodilia, Crocodylidae) en cautiverio Rev. Biol. Trop. 44 3 289-293 CA, nest, reproduction, captive breeding, Journal Article Bolette, D.P. 1996 Porrorchis hylae (Johnston, 1914) (Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae: Porrorchinae) in Lialis burtonis, Gray 1835 (Sauria: Pygopodidae); A new paratenic host record Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32 4 704-706 Reptilia, sauria, Pygopodidae, Lialis burtonis, infection, helminth, Acanthocephala: Plagiorhynchidae: Porrorchinae, Porrorchis hylae During necropsy of a Burton's snake lizard (Lialis burtonis Gray 1835) that was imported from Australia in January 1994, juvenile acanthocephalans were recovered from the mesentery and small bowel serosa which were identified as Porrorchis hylae (Johnston, 1914). This find represents a new paratenic host record for the species, and is recorded in a reptile native to Australia for the first time. DP Bolette,Univ Pittsburgh,Div Lab Anim Resources,S1040 Biomed Sci Tower,Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA Journal Article Bolitho, E. E.;Retallick, R. W. R. 1996 Mixophyes fasciolatus (Great barred frog). Tadpole predation Herpetological Review 27 3 140-141 Journal Article Bolten, A. B.;Weatherall, J. A.;Balazs, G. H. ;Pooley, S. G. 1996 Status of marine turtles in the Pacific Ocean relevant to incidental take in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS- SWFSC-230 167 pp accidental capture Book Bonin, Franck;Devaux, Bernard;Dupré, Alain 1996 Toutes les Tortues du Monde [Turtles and Tortoises of the World] Lausanne, Switzerland Delachaux et niestlé 254 Journal Article Bonner, Paul 1996 Reptilia show Reptilian 4 8 49 Journal Article Bonnet, Xavier;Naulleau, Guy 1996 Are body reserves important for reproduction in male dark green snakes (Colubridae: Coluber viridiflavus)? Herpetologica 52 2 137-146 Body condition; Coluber viridiflavus; reptoductive ecology; snakes; testosterone Journal Article Bonnet, X.;Naulleau, G. 1996 Catchability in snakes: Consequences for estimates of breeding frequency Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 74 2 233-239 Reptilia, serpentes, Vipera aspis, biology, reproduction, food, cycle Estimates of breeding frequencies in wild populations occupy a central place in life-history studies, but they remain hard to obtain in snakes. Capture-recapture procedures were carried out during 27 periods over 3 years in a large population of female asp vipers, Vipera aspis (317 marked individuals). Catchability was greater in reproductive females (2.64 +/- 1.74 (SD) captures/year) than in nonreproductive females (1.76 +/- 1.02). Three different methods were used to estimate breeding frequency: (i) the proportion of reproductive to nonreproductive females for each period (noncorrected estimates, NC) was measured, (ii) the ratio of the number of reproductive females to the total number of females was estimated using the CAPTURE program (catchability-corrected estimates, CE); (iii) breeding frequencies of marked individuals were observed in the field for 3 years (observed breeding frequency, OF). The results obtained with the three methods were different. The NC procedure indicated that 63% of females breed each year, suggesting an annual-biennial cycle. The CE (34% reproductive females) and OF (34% reproductive females) procedures both suggested a triennial cycle. The OF method was the most accurate; breeding frequencies were overestimated with the NC method. The NC method is the one most commonly used, and estimates of breeding frequency in snakes obtained in these studies may be imprecise. We conclude that differential catchability between reproductive and nonreproductive females should be taken into account in estimating breeding frequencies. X Bonnet/CNRS/Ctr Etud Biol Chiz/F-79360 Beauvoir Niort, France Book Bons, Jacques;Geniez, Philippe 1996 Ampbiens et Reptiles du Maroc (Sahara Occidental compris) Atlas biogéographique Barcelona Asociación Herpetológica Española 320 Journal Article Borkhvardt, V. G. 1996 Comparative study of the development of limbs in larvae of the common frog Rana temporaria (Amphibia: Anura) and in Salamandrella (Caudata) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 58-67 Amphibia; limb skeleton; limb blood vessels; morphogenesis Journal Article Borkin, L. J.;Litvinchuk, S. N.;Rosanov, J. M. 1996 Spontaneous triploidy in the crested newt, Triturus cristatus (Salamandridae) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 152-156 Autotriploidy; Triturus cristatus; Ukrainian Transcarpathians; DNA flow cytometry Journal Article Borthwick, Steve 1996 Reptile hunting in Kenya The Herptile 21 3 101-110 Kenya Journal Article Bosch, Jaime;Márquez, Rafael 1996 Discriminant functions for sex identification in two midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans and A. cisternasii) Herpetological Journal 6 4 105-109 Alytes obstetricans; Alytes cisternasii; Sex identification Journal Article Bosch, Hubert 1996 Schwarze Smaragdwarane: Varanus beccarii im Löbbecke Museum und Aquazoo Düsseldorf TI Magazin 131 64-65 Varanus beccarii Journal Article Bosch, J.;De la Riva, I.;Márquez, R. 1996 The calls of Lysapsus limellus and Pseudis paradoxa (Amphibia, Anura, Pseudidae) Folia Zoologica 45 1 49-55 advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, taxonomy, Pseudidae, Lysapsus limellus, Pseudis paradoxa distress call, Bolivia Journal Article Bosch, J.;Márquez, R. 1996 Acoustic competition in male midwife toads Alytes obstetricans and A. cisternasii: response to neighbour size and calling rate. Implications for female size Ethology 102 841-855 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, calls-timing, competition, Discoglossidae, phonotaxis, playback, sexual selection, Alytes obstetricans A. cisternasii Journal Article Bosman, Wilbert;van Gelder, Jan J.;Strijbosch, Henk 1996 Hibernation sites of the toads Bufo bufo and Bufo calamita in a river floodplain Herpetological Journal 6 3 83-86 Hibernation; Bufo bufo; Bufo calamita; hibernacula Journal Article Boulon, Ralf H., Jr;Dutton, Peter H.;McDonald, Donna L. 1996 Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: Fifteen years of conservation Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 141-147 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting; biology; conservation; management; population; growth; St. Croix; Virgin Islands Journal Article Boulon, R.H.;Dutton, P.H.;McDonald, D.L. 1996 Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: Fifteen years of conservation Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 141-147 leatherback; hatchery; egg Journal Article Boussac, Bernard 1996 Herpétophilatélie La Tortue 36 51-52 Philately Book Section Bowen, B.W.;Karl, S.A. 1996 Population genetics, phylogeography, and molecular evolution P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 29-50 Book Section Bowen, B.W. 1996 Tracking marine turtles with genetic markers B.W. Bowen, W.N. Witzell Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation Genetics 109-117 Book Section Bowen, B.W. 1996 Comparative biogeography of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) as inferred from mtDNA sequence comparisons B.W. Bowen, W.N. Witzell Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation Genetics 47-53 Journal Article Bowen, B.W.;Bass, A.L.;Garcia-Rodriguez, A.;Diez, C.E.;van Dam, R.;Bolten, A. B.;Bjorndal, K.A.;Miyamoto, M.M.;Ferl, R.J. 1996 Origin of hawksbill turtles in a Caribbean feeding area as indicated by genetic markers Ecological Applications 6 2 566-572 hawksbill; loggerhead; hybrid; migration Journal Article Bowles, M.I. 1996 The comparison of mercury concentrations in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) eggs from two sites in coastal South Carolina Bull. S.C. Acad. Sci. 58 29 AM, disease, toxic, egg, Journal Article Boyer, Thomas H. 1996 Water for tortoises Vivarium 7 6 46-47 Journal Article Boyer, D. 1996 CARE OF A NEONATE SQUAMATES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UMBILICAL PROBLEMS Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 1 4 Reptilia, sauria, pathology, umbilicus, treatment Journal Article Boyer, Donal M. 1996 Care of neonate squamates with special reference to umbilical problems Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 1 4 Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Book Review: Lizards of the Brasilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata) Salamandra 32 1 64 Book review Journal Article Böhme, Wolgang;Meinig, Holger;Rödel, Mark-Oliver 1996 New records of amphibians and reptiles from Burkina Faso and Mali British Herpetological Society Bulletin 56 7-26 Burkina Faso; Mali; West Africa; herpetofauna; Distribution Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Biographische Notizen zur Doktorarbeit von Jacques von Bedriaga (1854-1906) [Biographical notes on the doctoral dissertation of Jacques von Bedriaga (1854-1906)] Salamandra 32 3 193-198 Jacques von Bedriaga; Doctoral dissertation; Amphibia; Caudata; biography Journal Article Böhme, Wolfgang;Schmitz, Andreas 1996 A new lygosomine skink (Lacertilia: Scincidae: Panaspis) from Cameroon Revue Suisse de Zoologie 103 3 767-774 Book Brabenetz, Erich;Luttenberger, Franz;Schwammer, Harald 1996 Haltungsrichtlinien Mindestansprüche für Schildkröten Wien Literas Universitätsverlag 48 Journal Article Brana, F. 1996 Sexual dimorphism in lacertid lizards: Male head increase vs. female abdomen increase? OIKOS 75 511-523 sexual dimorphism, lacertid lizards, male head increases, female abdomen increases Journal Article Branch, William R.;Bauer, Aaron 1996 Notes on two poorly-known Phyllodactylus (Squamata: gekkonidae) from South Africa Herpetological Natural History 4 2 127-134 Phyllodactylus microlepidotus; Phyllodactylus swartbergensis; South Africa; cape Fold Mountains Journal Article Branch, Bill 1996 An Amazon dream - part 1 Reptilian 4 6 43-50 Journal Article Branch, Bill 1996 Book review: Pythons of the World. vol. 1. Australia Herpetological Review 27 3 157-158 Book review Journal Article Branch, Bill 1996 An Amazon dream. Part 3. Machu Picchu and parting thoughts Reptilian 4 8 13-17 Journal Article Branch, Bill 1996 An Amazon Dream part 2. The drought continues Reptilian 4 7 9-18 Amazon Journal Article Branch, Bill 1996 A celebration of South African reptiles & amphibians Reptiles 4 10 8-18 Journal Article Branch, William 1996 A celebration of South African reptiles and amphibians. Part 2: Mountain relicts, savannah specialists and tropical treats Reptiles 4 6 8-18 Journal Article Branch, Bill 1996 A celebration of South African reptiles and amphibians. Part 1. Desert gems Reptiles 4 5 40-51 South Africa Journal Article Branch, William R.;Bauer, Aaron;Good, David A. 1996 A review of the Namaqua gecko, Pachydactylus namaquensis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from southern Africa, with the description of two new species S. Afr. J. Zool. 31 2 53-69 Journal Article Branch, William R.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Good, David A. 1996 A review of the Namaqua gecko, Pachydactylus namaquensis (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from southern Africa, with the description of two new species South African Journal of Zoology 31 2 53-69 Pachydactylus kladaroderma n. sp.; Pachydactylus haackei n. sp. Journal Article Branch, William R.;Bauer, Aaron M. 1996 Notes on two poorly-known Phyllodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from South Africa Herpetological Natural History 4 2 127-134 Journal Article Branco, L.G.S.;Malvin, G.M. 1996 Thermoregulatory effects of cyanide and azide in the toad, Bufo marinus American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 39 1 R169-R173 hypoxia; sodium azide; sodium cyanide; anapyrexia; hypothermia; temperature regulation; respiration; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; HYPOTHERMIA; HYPOXIA Journal Article Brandão, Reuber A.;Freitas, Marco Antônio de;Sebben, Antônio 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phrynohyas mesophaea Herpetological Review 27 2 86 Book Brandstätter, Frank 1996 Die Sandrennattern Magdeburg, Germany Westarp Wissenschaften 142 Journal Article Branson, Branley Allan 1996 Red-spotted newts Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 52-59 Notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Braña, Florentino;Frechilla, Luis;Orizaola, Germán 1996 Effect of introduced fish on amphibian assemblages in mountain lakes of northern Spain Herpetological Journal 6 4 145-148 Spain; Amphibian decline; Introduced species Journal Article Brattstrom, Baynard H. 1996 The "skink scooper:" a devise for catching leaf litter skinks Herpetological Review 27 4 189 capture techniques Journal Article Brauer, K. 1996 Neue Lieteratur: Froschlurche im Terrarium TI Magazin 1996 127 69-70 Book Review Journal Article Brazaitis, Peter;Rebêlo, george H.;Yamashita, Carlos 1996 The status of Caiman crocodilus Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger populations in the Amazonian regions of Brazil Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 377-385 Caiman crocodilus; Melanosuchus niger; Brazil Journal Article Brännström, Pär 1996 Ecosystem breakdown in Paraguay Froglog 1996 19 3 Paraguay; amphibian decline Book Bredl, Rob n.d. The Real Crocodile Airline Beach, QLD Whitsunday Graphic House 32 Crocodylus porosus; Australia; Crocodiles Journal Article Bricker, James;Bushar, Lauretta M.;Reinert, Howard K.;Gelbert, Larry 1996 Purification of high quality DNA from shed skin Herpetological Review 27 3 133-134 DNA Book Section Briggs, Lars 1996 Populationsdynamische Untersuchungen an Rotbauchunken-Populationen mit verschiedenen Landbiotopen Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 32-46 Bombina bombina; Germany; Ecology; Population dynamics Journal Article Bringsøe, Henrik 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hyla arborea Herpetological Review 27 3 149 Book Section Brisbin, I. Lehr;Gaines, Karen F.;Jagoe, Charles H.;Consolie, Peter A. 1996 Population studies of American lligators (Alligator mississippiensis) inhabiting a resevoir: responses to long-term drawdown and subsequent refill Crocodilians: Proceedings of the 13th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union conviened at Santa Fe, Argentina, 11-17 May 1996 Gland, Switzerland IUCN 446-477 Journal Article Brister, Daniel B. 1996 Louis, come home Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 62-66 Iguana iguana Journal Article Brito, José C.;Abreu, Fausto Brito E;Paulo, Octávio S.;Rosa, Humberto D.;Crespo, Eduardo G. 1996 Distribution of Schreiber's green lizard (Lacerta schreiberi) in Portugal: a predictive model Herpetological Journal 6 2 43-47 Lacerta schreiberi; Portugal Journal Article Brito-e-Abreu, F.;Rosa, H. D.;Paulo, O. S.;Moreira, P. L.;Almeida, A. P.;Crespo, E. G. 1996 Morphological distinction of Iberian midwife toads: Alytes obstetricans may have two metacarpal tubercals Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 67-70 Alytes obstetricans; morphology Journal Article Brito-e-Abreu, F.;Rosa, H. D.;Paulo, O. S.;Moreira, P. L.;Almeida, A. P.;Crespo, E. G. 1996 Morphological distinction of Iberian midwife toads: Alytes obstetricans may have two metacarpal tubercles Amphibia-Reptilia 17 67-70 Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae, morphology, Alytes obstetricans Journal Article Britson, Carol A.;Kissell, Robert E. 1996 Effects of food type on developmental characteristics of an ephemeral pond-breeding anuran, Pseudacris triseriata feriarum Herpetologica 52 3 374-382 Anura; Pseudacris triseriata; Development; Growth; metamorphosis; feeding; pollen; Pinus; Quercus Journal Article Britton, Adam R. C. 1996 The bat-eating snakes of Puerto Rico Reptilian 4 4 20-23 Epicrates inornata Journal Article Brizzi, Rossana;Calloni, Carlo;Delfino, Giovanni;Lotti, Stefania 1996 The male cloaca of Salamandra lanzai with notes on the dorsal glands in the genera Salamandra and Mertensiella in relation to their courtship habits Herpetologica 52 4 505-515 Salamandra lanzai; male cloaca; dorsal glands; Salamandra; Mertensiella; courtship behavior Journal Article Broadley, D. G. 1996 A review of the tribe Atherini (Serpentes: Viperidae), with the descriptions of two new genera Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 2 40-48 New genus; Atheris; Viperidae; Atherini; Proatheris gen. nov.; Montatheris gen. nov. Adenorhinos; Key Journal Article Broadley, D. G. 1996 A review of the tribe Atherini (Serpentes: Viperidae), with the description of two new genera African Journal of Herpetology 45 2 40-48 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, P.O. Box FM 730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Journal Article Broadley, Donald G.;Wallach, V. 1996 Remarkable new worm snake (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) from the East African Coast Copeia 1996 1 162-166 Leptotyphlops macrops sp. nov. Journal Article Brochu, Chris 1996 Crocodile systematics Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 18-19 Journal Article Brochu, C.A. 1996 Closure of neurocentral sutures during crocodilian ontogeny: implications for maturity assessment in fossil archosaurs J. Vert. Paleo. 16 1 49-62 AM, AS, OT, CA, anatomy, embryo, fossil, Closure of neurocentral sutures in the crocodylian vertebral column follows a distinct caudal to cranial sequence during ontogeny. The sutures in most caudal vertebrae are fully closed at hatching, but closure of remaining sutures occurs later in ontogeny. Closure of cervical sutures is a consistent indicator of morphological maturity in Alligator mississippiensis, Alligator sinensis, Osteolaemus tetraspis, and Crocodylus acutus; the final transformation is the closure of the axial neurocentral suture, which occurs after the closure of the axis odontoid suture. Because these transformations occur near the end of ontogeny in all three taxa, regardless of maximum size, closure of these sutures is a size independant criterion of maturity; however, it is not certain if suture closure indicates the stoppage of growth. These transformations are readily identifiable in fossils, permitting the objective characterization of maturity in fossil crocodylians and possibly at least some of their closer extinct relatives. Journal Article Brockhaus, Thomas 1996 Faunistik der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) in Sachsen Naturschutzreport 11 1 161-165 Journal Article Broderick, A.C.;Godley, B.J. 1996 Population and nesting ecology of the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, and the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, in northern Cyprus Zoology in the Middle East 13 27-46 loggerhead; green Journal Article Brodie, Edmund D., III 1996 Quantitative genetics-What is it good for? Herpetologica 52 4 611-620 behavior; evolution; genetic correlation; heritability; maternal effects; plasticity; quantitative genetics; book review Journal Article Brodman, Robert 1996 Effects of intraguild interactions on fitness and microhabitat use of larval Ambystoma salamanders Copeia 1996 2 372-378 Ambystoma jeffersonianum; Ambystoma maculatum; fitness Journal Article Broggi, Mario F. 1996 Die feuchtgebiete der Insel Andros mit ihren Amphibien und hydrophilen Reptilien (Amphibia, Reptilia; Kykladen, Griechenland) [Wetlands on the island of Andros, their amphibians and hydrophilous reptiles (Amphibia, Reptilia; Cyclades, Greece) Herpetozoa 8 3/4 135-144 Greece; Andros; Natrix natrix; Vipera ammodytes; Coluber caspius; Mauremys caspica; Bufo bufo; Rana ridibunda; Amphibia; Reptilia; wetlands; Conservation Journal Article Brongersma, Leo Daniel 1996 On the availability of the name Dermochelys coriacea schlegelii (Garman, 1884) as a species or subspecies of leatherback turtle Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 261-265 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nomenclature; type locality; type restriction; Mexico; Japan Journal Article Brown, Will 1996 Marvelous mutants Reptilian 4 4 12-13 Journal Article Brown, Michael 1996 Crisis with American crocs at ZOODOM Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 10-11 Journal Article Brown, William S. 1996 Book Review: rattler Tales from Northcentral Pennsylvania Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 2 27-28 Book review Journal Article Brown, Susan G.;Murphy-Walker, Susan 1996 Behavioral interactions between a rare male phenotype and female unisexual Lepidodactylus lugubris Herpetological Journal 6 3 69-73 Lepidodactylus lugubris; Behavior; Reproduction Journal Article Brown, Richard P. 1996 Thermal biology of the gecko Tarentola boettgeri: comparisons among populations from different elevations within Gran Canaria Herpetologica 52 3 395-405 Tarentola boettgeri; Acclimation; Canary Islands; critical thermal limits; ecology; evolution; selected body temperature; thermoregulation Journal Article Brown, Lauren E. 1996 Trend toward extinction of the unusual forward burrowing Illinois chorus frog Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 70-73 Pseudacris streckeri Journal Article Brown, Rafe M.;Ferner, John W.;Sison, Rogelio V.;Gonzales, Pedro C.;Kennedy, Robert S. 1996 Amphibians and reptiles of the Zambales Mountains of Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines Herpetological Natural History 4 1 1-22 Amphibians; Reptiles; herpetofauna; Luzon; Philippines; Mt. Pinatubo; Zambales Journal Article Brown, M. A.;Carne, A.;Chambers, G. K. 1996 Identification and partial characterization of alpha 2-macroglobulin from the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 113 4 731-6 alpha 2-Macroglobulin (alpha 2-M), a large molecular mass proteinase-binding protein, was identified in plasma from tuatara (Sphenodon), a rare reptile endemic to New Zealand. In this genus, alpha 2-M constitutes 11-13% of total plasma protein (approximately 2.2-3.9 mg/mL). Analysis of blood samples collected at approximately monthly intervals from individual tuatara indicated that the plasma level of alpha 2-M remains fairly constant. The subunits of tuatara alpha 2-M have an apparent molecular mass of approximately 160 kDa as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the intact protein is an oligomer that contains inter-chain disulfide bonds. N-terminal sequence analyses of tuatara alpha 2-M revealed a distinct similarity to alpha-macroglobulins of other vertebrates and that at least two types of alpha 2-M subunits are present in plasma of tuatara. Journal Article Brown, Herbert A. 1996 The heat resistance of some anuran tadpoles (Hylidae and Pelobatidae ) Copeia 1969 138 - 147 anuran, tadpoles, Hylidae, Pelobatidae, resistance Journal Article Brown, R. P. 1996 Thermal biology of the gecko Tarentola boettgeri: Comparisons among populations from different elevations within Gran Canaria Herpetologica 52 396-405 gecko, gekkonidae, thermal ecology, temperature Journal Article Browne, Robert A.;Haskell, N. Alison;Griffin, Curtice R.;Ridgeway, Jeffrey W. 1996 Genetic variation among populations of the redbelly turtle (Pseudemys rubiventris) Copeia 1996 1 192-195 Pseudemys rubiventris; Genetic variation Journal Article Bruce, Richard C. 1996 Life-history perspective of adaptive radiation in Desmognathine salamanders Copeia 1996 4 783-790 reproduction; fecundity; body size; Desmognathus; Phaeognathus Journal Article Bruchmann, Herbert 1996 Aus dem Norden Mexikos: die Strumpfbandnatter Thamnophis eques virgatenuis Elaphe 4 2 22-23 Thamnophis eques virgatenuis Journal Article Bruckner, G. K. 1996 Review of disease control in aquaculture in the Republic of South Africa Rev Sci Tech 15 2 703-10 Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Aquaculture/legislation & jurisprudence; Communicable Disease Control/*legislation & jurisprudence; Disease Notification/legislation & jurisprudence; Fish Diseases/*prevention & control; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence; Fishes; Salmonidae; Shellfish; South Africa The disease control measures in respect of domestic and wildlife aquatic species in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) are shared between two Directorates in the Department of Agriculture. The Directorate of Animal Health is responsible for disease control measures in respect of Salmonidae, while the Directorate of Plant and Quality Control regulates the introduction of exotic and unwanted aquatic species into the RSA. The activities and interests of commercial aquaculture are coordinated through the South African Aquaculture Organization and a national coordinating committee under the control of the national Department of Agriculture. Four diseases of trout are notifiable under the terms of the Animal Diseases Act (Act 35 of 1984), namely viral haemorrhagic septicaemia, infectious pancreatic necrosis, infectious haematopoietic necrosis and bacterial kidney disease. The zoosanitary measures in respect of these diseases require State intervention after detection of occurrence. Sampling procedures for the diagnosis of diseases, maintenance of the disease-free status of trout farms accredited for export purposes and requirements for the import of ova are based on the standards recommended in the International Aquatic Animal Health Code of the Office International des Epizooties. Zoosanitary control of other aquatic species not related to aquaculture--especially ornamental fish--may be unnecessary. An embargo, through existing legislation on the importation of unwanted species, has been the only means of protecting inland species. The author concludes by evaluating the need for, and the feasibility of, additional legislation for the zoosanitary control of other aquatic species. Journal Article Bruna, Emilio M.;Fisher, Robert N.;Case, Ted J. 1996 New evidence of habitat segregation between two cryptic species of Pacific skinks (Emoia cyanura and E. impar) Copeia 1996 4 998-1005 Emoia cyanura; Emoia impar; habitat segregation Journal Article Bruna, Emilio M.;Fisher, Robert N.;Case, Ted J. 1996 Morphological and genetic evolution appear decoupled in Pacific skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Emoia) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263 681-688 Journal Article Brunkow, P. E.;Collins., J. P. 1996 Effects of individual variation in size on growth and development of larval salamanders Ecology 77 1483-1492 Journal Article Bruse, Frank;Trautmann, Gerd 1996 Phelsuma breviceps Boettger Sauria 18 3 Supplement 369-372 Phelsuma breviceps Journal Article Buchanan, Bryant W.;Taylor, Ryan C. 1996 Lightening the load: micturition enhances jumping performance of squirrel treefrogs Journal of Herpetology 30 3 410-413 saltation; micturition; Hyla squirella Journal Article Bueno, Raúl 1996 Contribución al conocimiento de la herpetofauna de la Sierra de Béjar (Sistema Central) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 12 Journal Article Bufalino, Angelo P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana clamitans melanota Herpetological Review 27 2 87 Journal Article Bufalino, Angelo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eumeces laticeps Herpetological Review 27 2 87 Journal Article Bufalino, Angelo P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis Herpetological Review 27 2 89 Journal Article Buhi, W. C.;Alvarez, I. M.;Choi, I.;Cleaver, B. D.;Simmen, F. A. 1996 Molecular cloning and characterization of an estrogen-dependent porcine oviductal secretory glycoprotein Biol Reprod 55 6 1305-14 Alligators and Crocodiles; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Base Sequence; Blotting, Northern; *Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary/chemistry; Estrogens/*pharmacology; Female; Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics; Hamsters; Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Sequence Data; Ovariectomy; Rabbits; RNA, Messenger/analysis; Sequence Homology; Sheep; Species Specificity; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; *Swine; Tissue Distribution; Translation, Genetic A family of estrogen-dependent porcine oviductal secretory glycoproteins (POSPs) that exhibit structural similarities are synthesized and secreted into the oviductal lumen at proestrus, estrus, and metestrus. The objectives of this study were to clone the POSP cDNA, obtain the full-length cDNA and protein sequence, examine tissue specificity and species distribution, characterize its regulation, and establish its identity by comparison to other known protein, RNA, or DNA sequences. A full-length cDNA of 2022 base pairs was obtained with an open reading frame of 1581 nucleotides, coding for a deduced protein of 527 amino acids (57 970 M(r)). The deduced protein contained three potential N-glycosylation sites, a consensus heparin-binding site, and potential O-glycosylation sites. Amino acid analysis of POSP-E3 confirmed the presence of a 21-amino acid signal sequence. Northern blot analysis revealed an oviduct-specific mRNA species of 2.25 kb in the infundibulum (INF), ampulla (A), and isthmus (I). An mRNA of similar size was detected in the oviduct of the sheep, cow, and rabbit, and one of slightly greater size (2.8 kb) in the mouse and hamster oviduct but not in the horse or alligator oviduct. Dot blot analysis indicated that steady-state levels of POSP mRNA were significantly greater (p = 0.0001) in the A than in the INF or I regardless of day of the estrous cycle and were greater on Day 0 (estrus; p = 0.0001) regardless of location. Further, steady-state mRNA levels were significantly increased (p = 0.02) on Days 0 and 1, declining rapidly to Day 2 through Day 15 of the estrous cycle. Steady-state POSP mRNA levels were significantly greater (p < 0.003) in ovariectomized gilts treated with estradiol valerate than those treated with other steroid regimens, vehicle, or no treatment (Control), consistent with estrogen control of mRNA expression. The POSP protein exhibited significant identity to oviductal glycoproteins from the baboon, cow, hamster, human, mouse, and sheep, to several mammalian nonoviductal glycoproteins; and to several chitinases. POSP joins a growing subfamily of the chitinase gene family that lacks chitinase enzymatic activity. Journal Article Buhle, Manfred 1996 Buchbesprechung: Amphibien und Reptilien Madagascars, der Maskarenen, Seychellen, und Komoren Sauria 18 2 20 Book review Journal Article Buhle, Manfred 1996 Buchbesprechung: Heimische Froschlurche - Rufe zur Paarungszeit Sauria 18 1 26 Book Review Journal Article Buhle, Manfred 1996 Buchbesprechung: Self-Assessment Colour Review of Reptiles and Amphibians Sauria 18 1 16 Book Review Journal Article Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Wynn, Addison H. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Gyrinophilus palleucus Herpetological Review 27 3 147-148 Journal Article Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Hobson, Christopher S. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum Herpetological Review 27 1 28 Journal Article Buhlmann, Kurt A. 1996 Book review: Amphibians and Reptiles Native to Minnesota Copeia 1996 3 751-752 Book review Journal Article Buhlmann, K. A.;Wynn, A. H. 1996 Gyrinophilus palleucus (Tennessee Cave Salamander). USA: Georgia Gepgraphic Distribution 27 2 147-148 distribution, amphibians, locality Journal Article Bull, Evelyn L.;Carter, Bernie E. 1996 Tailed Frogs: Distribution, ecology, and association with timber harvest in Northeastern oregon Pacific Northwest research Station Reserach Paper PNW-RP 497 1-11 Acaphus truei; Oregon; Timber harvest; ecology; Distribution Journal Article Bull, Evelyn L.;Carter, Bernie E. 1996 Tailed frogs: Distribution, ecology, and association with timber harvest in northeastern Oregon Pacific Northwest Research Station PNW-RP-497 1-11 Journal Article Bullington, Stephen W. 1996 Natural history and captive care of the flat rock scorpion Hadogenes troglodytes Vivarium 7 5 18-21 Journal Article Bunn, Terry 1996 Natterjack toad re-introduction programme The Rephiberary 229 23 Journal Article Burger, R. Michael 1996 Observations on courtship behavior in Ungaliophis Mueller Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 4 57-59 Ungaliophis contentalis Journal Article Burghardt, G.M.;Ward, B.;Rosscoe, R. 1996 Problem of reptile play: environmental enrichment and play behavior in a captive Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis Zoo Biology 15 223-238 captivity Journal Article Burke, Russell L.;Ewert, Michael A.;McLemore, Jeffery B.;Jackson, Dale R. 1996 Temperature-dependent sex determination and hatchling success in the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 86-88 Reptilia; Testudines; Testudinidae; Gopherus polyphemus; Temperature-dependent sex determination Journal Article Burke, Russell L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article Burke, Russell L.;Leuteritz, Thomas E.;Wolfe, Alan J. 1996 Phylogenetic relationships of Emydine turtles Herpetologica 52 4 572-584 Turtles; phylogeny; Emydinae; Clemmys; Emys; Emydoidea; Terrapene; Sex determination; Terrestriality Journal Article Burke, R. L.;Ewert, M. A.;McLemore, J. B.;Jackson, D. R. 1996 Temperature-dependent sex determination and hatching success in the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 86-88 turtle, tortoise. gopherus, temperature, sex determination Journal Article Burns, Gordon;Ramos, Ana;Muchlinski, Alan 1996 Fever response in North American snakes Journal of Herpetology 30 2 133-139 Fever response; immune response Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R. 1996 Pharyngodon lepidodactylus sp. n. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from the mourning gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae), from Hawaii Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63 1 51-55 Reptilia, sauria, Lepidodactylus lugubris, infection, helminth, nematode, Pharyngodon lepidodactylus sp n, Sixty-three Pharyngodon lepidodactylus sp. n. were recovered from the large intestines of 26 of 283 adult Lepidodactylus lugubris collected from Hawaii. Prevalence of infection was 9% (mean intensity 2.4, range 1-8). Pharyngodon lepidodactylus sp. n. represents the thirtieth species of the genus and can be distinguished from all other species of Pharyngodon by the presence of a unique ''bottle-shaped'' egg. This is the first report of the genus Pharyngodon from Hawaii. Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R. 1996 Oochoristica macallisteri sp n (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae) from the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae), from California, USA Folia Parasitologica 43 4 293-296 Reptilia, sauria, side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana, infection, helminth, cestode, Oocharistica macallisteri sp n. Thirty-eight specimens of Oochoristica macallisteri sp. n. were recovered from the small intestines of 16 of 123 (13%) side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana Baird et Girard from California, USA. Oochoristica macallisteri sp. n. belongs to a group of species of Oochoristica possessing fewer than 25 testes in a single cluster and circular suckers, namely, O. elongata, O. junkea, O. lygosomae, O. lygosomatis, O. novaezealandae, O. parvogenitalis and O. sobolevi. The new species can be readily differentiated from the other species of this group by number of lobules of the ovary or number of proglottids and from other species from California by number of testes or shape of vitellarium. CR Bursey Penn State Univ Shenango Campus 147 Chenango Ave Sharon, PA 16146 USA Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R. 1996 Spauligodon gehyrae n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from Gehyra oceanica (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Guam, Mariana Islands, Micronesia Journal of Parasitology 82 6 962-964 Reptilia, sauria, gecko, Gehydra oceanica, infection, helminth, nematoda, Spauligodon gehyrae Spauligodon gehyrae n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae), a new oxyurid nematode, discovered in the large intestine of the gecko Gehyra oceanica is described and illustrated. Nine of 11 adult female specimens of G. oceanica collected on Guam, Mariana Islands, Micronesia, harbored a total of 480 specimens of S. gehyrae; prevalence of infection was 82% (mean intensity 53, range 6-179). Spauligodon gehyrae represents the 33rd species to be described for this genus and is distinguished by the presence of truncated egg ends, the short stiff tail spike of the female, and the presence of a spicule in the male. This is the second species of Spauligodon to be described from Oceania. CR Bursey, Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Shenango Campus, Sharon, PA 16146 USA Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R. 1996 Spauligodon hemidactylus n sp (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) from Hemidactylus frenatus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Oceania Journal of Parasitology 82 2 299-301 Reptilia, sauria, Hemidactylus frenatus , infection, nematoda, Spauligodon hemidactylus n sp Nine-hundred-nineteen Spauligodon hemidactylus n. sp. (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) were collected from the large intestines of 201 of 574 adult Hemidactylus frenatus from 11 Pacific locations. Prevalence of infection was 35% (mean intensity 4.7, range 1-27). Spauligodon hemidactylus n. sp. represents the 31st species to be described for this genus and is distinguished by the low number of tail filament spines of the female and the presence of unequal knobs on the egg. This is the first report of the genus Spauligodon from Oceania. CR Bursey/Penn State Univ/Dept Biol/Shenango Campus/Sharon, PA 16146 USA Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R. 1996 Oochoristica macallisteri sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowidae) from the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae), from California, USA Folia parasitologogica 43 293-296 Reptilia, sauria, side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana , infection, helminth, cestode, Oochoristica macallisteri Journal Article Bursey, C.R.;Goldberg, S.R.;Wooler, D.N. 1996 Oochoristica piankai sp. n. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) and other helminths of Moloch horridus (Sauria: Agamidae) from Australia J. helminthol. Soc. Washington 63 2 215-221 Reptilia, sauria, thorny devil, Moloch horridus, infection, helminth, cestode, Oochoristica piankai Journal Article Bursey, C.B.;Goldberg, S.R. 1996 Oochoristica maccoyi n. sp. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) from Anolis gingivinus (Sauria: Polychrotidae) collected in Anguilla, Lesser Antilles Caribbean J. of Science 32 4 390-394 Reptilia, sauria, Anolis gingivinus, infection, helminth, cestode Oochoristica maccoyi n. sp. Journal Article Burton, Fred 1996 Any hope for Grand cayman's Blue Iguana? Iguana Times 5 4 75-79 Cyclura nubila lewisi Book Busby, William H.;Collins, Joseph T.;Parmelee, Jeffrey R. 1996 The Reptiles and Amphibians of Fort Riley and Vicinity Lawrence, KS Kansas Biological Survey vi + 72 Journal Article Busby, William H.;Parmelee, Jeffrey R. 1996 Historical changes in a herpetofaunal assemblage in the Flint Hills of Kansas The American Midland Naturalist 135 81-91 Fort Riley Military Reservation, species abundance Journal Article Busch, Chardelle;Lukas, William;Smith, Hobart M.;Payne, Dana;Chiszar, David 1996 Strike-induced chemosensory searching (SICS) in northern Pacific rattlesnakes Crotalus viridis oreganus Holbrook, 1840, rescued from abusive husbandry conditions (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae) Herpetozoa 9 3/4 99-104 Crotalus viridis oreganus; Feeding behavior; Physiology; Strike-induced chemosensory searching; Tongue flicking frequency; Husbandry; Abuse Book Section Buschendof, Jürgen 1996 Verbreitung der Rotbauchunke in Sachsen-Anhalt, insbesondere im südlichen Teil Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 78-86 Bombina bombina; Germany; Distribution Journal Article Bush, Sarah 1996 The reproductive behaviour of the Ferreret Alytes muletensis Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 35-37 Journal Article Bush, S.;Dyson, M. L.;Halliday, T. R. 1996 Selective phonotaxis by males in the majorcan midwife toad Proc. R. Soc. Lon. B 263 913-917 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae, phonotaxis, sexual selection, Alytes muletensis Journal Article Bush, S. L. 1996 Why is double clutching rare in the majorcan midwife toad? Animal Behaviour 52 5 913-922 Amphibia, Anura, behavior, Discoglossidae, egg, models, parental care, reproductive success, sexual selection, Alytes muletensis Journal Article Buskirk, James R. 1996 On the absence of spur-thighed tortoises, Testudo graeca, from Egypt Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 118-120 Reptilia; Testudines;Testudinidae; Testudo graeca; Egypt; Distribution Journal Article Bussmann, Michael;Kostyra, Stefan 1996 Ergänzende Mitteilungen zur Herpetofauna des Köycegiz-Beckens (Prov. Mugla, Türkei) mit Hinweis auf ein neues Vorkommen von Elaphe hohenackeri [Additional report on the herpetofauna of the Köycegiz Basin (Prov. Mugla, Turkey) with a new record of Elaphe hohenackeri] Salamandra 32 1 59-62 Reptilia; Mabuya aurata; Cyrtopodion kotschyi; Coluber nummifer; Elaphe quatuorlineata; Elaphe hohenackeri; new record; distribution; Turkey Journal Article Butcher, Bryan;Butcher, Tia;Liner, Ernest A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Siren intermedia nettingi Herpetological Review 27 3 148 Journal Article Butler, Joseph A.;Sowell, Scott 1996 Survivorship and predation of hatchling and yearling gopher tortoises, Gopherus polyphemus Journal of Herpetology 30 3 455-458 Gopherus polyphemus; survivorship; predation Journal Article Butler, Joseph A.;Hull, Todd W. 1996 Reproduction of the tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, in northeastern Florida Journal of Herpetology 30 1 14-18 Gopherus polyphemus; Reproduction Journal Article Buttenhoff, Paul A.;Hopkins, William A. 1996 Anolis carolinensis (Green anole). Diet Herpetological Review 27 1 19 Anolis carolinensis; Diet Journal Article Butynski, T.M. 1996 Marine turtles on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea Oryx 30 2 143-149 green; hawksbill Journal Article Bülow, Bernd von 1996 Vorkommen des Fadenmolches (Triturus h. helveticus) im Hünxer Wald bestätigt [Occurrence of the palmate newt (Triturus h. helveticus) in Hünxer Wood area (Germany) confirmed] Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 197-198 Triturus h. helveticus; Distribution; Germany Journal Article Byles, Richard 1996 16th Annual Sea Turtle Symposium a great success! Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 7-8 Journal Article Byrd, John G.;Jenkins, Leanne N. 1996 Lampropeltis getula niger (Black kingsnake). Diet Herpetological Review 27 4 204 Journal Article Byrd, Steve 1996 Care sheet for red-tailed boas Litteratura Serpentium 16 2 39-43 Boa constrictor Journal Article Byrd, Dan;Byrd, Sylvia 1996 The rhinoceros iguanas of Mona Island Reptiles 4 1 24-27 Cyclura cornuta Journal Article Cabrera Pena, J.;Rojas, J. R.;Galeano, G.;Meza, V. 1996 [Embryonic mortality and hatching rate of Trachemys scripta (Testudines: Emydidae) eggs artificially grown in a protected natural area] Rev Biol Trop 44 2b 841-6 In the northeast of Costa Rica, illegal collecting, habitat destruction and heavy predation on adult females, young and eggs of Trachemys scripta produced a population decline in recent years. The slider turtle has a high reproductive potential and nests were relocated. Between January and March 1991, 179 nests (3220 eggs) were collected from natural areas of Cano Negro National Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica and relocated for incubation under natural conditions in a protected site. The mean of number of eggs per clutch was 19.5 +/- 4.5 (range 8 to 31) and the mean incubation period was 77.4 +/- 11.4 days (range 50 to 110 days). The mean hatching success was 89.6 +/- 3.4% (range 60.0 to 100%). The mean early and mid embryonic mortality was 5.5 +/- 4.3%, the average late embryonic mortality was 8.5 +/- 3.5% and infertility 1.8 +/- 1.0%. Journal Article Cabrera Peña, Jorge;Rojas M., José R.;Galeano M., Geovanny;Meza, G. Vicente 1996 Mortalidad embrionaria y éxito de eclosión en huevos de Trachemys scripta (Testudines: Emydidae) incubados en un área natural protegida Revista de Biologia Tropical 44 2 841-846 Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1996 Snake of the genus Liopholidophis (Colubridae) from eastern Madagascar: New species, revisionary notes, and estimate phylogeny Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 154 369 - 464 Snake,Colubridae, Liopholidophis, Madagascar, phylogeny Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1996 Systematics of the genus Geodipsas (Colubridae) from Madagascar, with descriptions of new species and general observations on Natural History Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 155 2 33-87 Journal Article Cadle, John E. 1996 Snakes of the genus Liopholidophis (Colubridae) from eastern Madagascar: New species, revisionary notes, and an estimate of phylogeny Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 154 5 369-464 Journal Article Caetano, Maria Helena;LeClair, Raymond, Jr 1996 Growth and population structure of red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) in permanent lakes of the Laurentian Shield, Quebec Copeia 1996 4 866-874 Notophthalmus viridescens; Growth; population structure Journal Article Caldwell, J. P. 1996 The evolution of myrmecophagy and its correlates in poison frogs (family Dendrobatidae) Journal of Zoology, London 240 75-101 ants, diet, tropical, frog, poison, alkeloides, specialization, dendrobates, phyllobates, epipedobates, colestethus Journal Article Caldwell, Janalee P. 1996 The evolution of myrmecophagy and its correlates in poison frogs (Family Dendrobatidae) Journal of Zoology, London 240 75-101 Journal Article Calhoun, Grady 1996 Book Review: Frogs The Forked Tongue 21 11 3 Book Review Journal Article Calhoun, Grady 1996 Captive care of hatchling eastern hognose snakes The Forked Tongue 21 11 2-3 Heterodon platyrhinos Journal Article Calhoun, Grady 1996 Observations during captive breeding of the Everglades rat snake The Forked Tongue 21 11 1-2 Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni Journal Article Callery, E. M.;Elinson., R. P. 1996 Developmental regulation of the urea-cycle enzyme arginase in the direct developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Journal of Experimental Zoology 275 61-66 Journal Article Camp, Carlos D. 1996 Bite scar patterns in the black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus Journal of Herpetology 30 4 543-546 bite scar patterns; Desmognathus quadramaculatus Journal Article Camp, Carlos D.;Payne, R. Dale;Marshall, Jeremy L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Plethodon serratus Herpetological Review 27 2 86 Journal Article Camp, Carlos D.;Payne, R. Dale 1996 Geographic Distribution. Desmognathus aeneus Herpetological Review 27 2 86 Journal Article Camp, Carlos D.;Lee, Tyler P. 1996 Intraspecific spacing and interaction within a population of Desmognathus quadramaculatus Copeia 1996 1 78-84 Desmognathus quadramaculatus Journal Article Campbell, Todd S. 1996 Northern range extension of the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) in Florida and Georgia Herpetological Review 27 3 155-157 Anolis sagrei Journal Article Campbell, Cathi L.;Lagueux, Cynthia J.;Mortimer, Jeanne A. 1996 Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, in 1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 169-172 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting; conservation; status; beach surveys; Costa Rica Journal Article Campbell, Todd S.;Gerber, Glenn P. 1996 Anolis sagrei (Brown anole). Saurophagy Herpetological Review 27 4 200 Journal Article Campbell, C.L.;Lagueux, C.J.;Mortimer, J.A. 1996 Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, in 1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 169-172 leatherback Journal Article Campos, Z.;Coutinho, M.;Abercrombie, C. 1996 Population study of Paleosuchus Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 10 Paleosuchus palpebrosus Journal Article Campos, E;H, Bolanos;al., et 1996 Vibrio mimicus diarrhea following ingestion of raw turtle eggs 62 4 1141-1144 ridley/conservation Journal Article Canela-Agraz, Josep;Canela-Agraz, Joan;Vázquez-Suñé, Jordi 1996 German Frog day Reptilia 2 8 6 Journal Article Cannatella, David C. 1996 Book review: Amphibian Biology. Vol. 1. The Integument. And Amphibian Biology. Vol. 2. Social Behavior Copeia 1996 4 1046-1047 Book review Journal Article Cannon, M.S.;Davis, R.W.;Weldon, P.J. 1996 Dorsal glands of Alligator mississippiensis: A histological and histochemical study Journal of Zoology 239 Part 4 625-631 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia,Alligator mississippiensis, anatomy, Dorsal glands, histology, histochemistry Several investigators have described in some crocodilians a row of round or oval organs, called dorsal glands, lying under scutes on each side of the dorsal midline. The function of these glands is unknown, but they are hypothesized to produce skin-conditioning secretions. We investigated the anatomy and histochemistry of the dorsal glands of adult American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Twenty to 22 pairs of glands containing a viscous, often black, material were observed lying from the mid-cervical to the anterior caudal regions in the axial musculature or on the inner surface of the dermis. The capsule of each gland consists of dense collagenous fibres and numerous short elastic fibres, and is surrounded by skeletal muscle. The single lumen is lined by one to several layers of cuboidal to columnar epithelium in varying stages of degeneration, indicating a holocrine secretory mode. The epithelial cell membranes often interdigitate and tight junctions and desmosomes occasionally are observed between them. The epithelial cells and secretory product contain slight to considerable amounts of lipid; glycoproteins may be present. Crystals exhibiting a dense core and, or layering occur in the epithelial cells and secretory product. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis demonstrates calcium, copper, iron, lead, potassium, and zinc in the crystals. Mitochondria, vacuoles, and short segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum also occur in the cells. MS Cannon, Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Human Anat & Med Neurobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA Journal Article Cannon, M. S.;Freed, D. A.;Freed, P. S. 1996 The leucocytes of the roughtail gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum: a bright-field and phase-contrast study Anat. Hist. Embryol. 25 11-14 Journal Article Caramaschi, Ulisses;Gonçalves da Cruz, Carlos Alberto 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hyla senicula Herpetological Review 27 4 208-209 Journal Article Card, Winston 1996 Notes on the natural history and husbandry of the oriental fire-bellied toad (Bombina orientalis) Reptiles 4 3 52-55 Bombina orientalis Journal Article Card, Winston;Roberts, David T. 1996 Incidence of bites from venomous reptiles in North American zoos Herpetological Review 27 1 15-16 Snakebite Journal Article Cardinale, Lisandro;Vignolo, Pablo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Stenocercus pectinatus Herpetological Review 27 4 211 Journal Article Carissimi-Priori, Luis Batista 1996 La Serpiente Emplumada Reptilia 2 4 56-59 Journal Article Carmel, Brendan 1996 Egg binding in snakes Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 7 3 179-180 Journal Article Carmel, Bredon 1996 General care of axolotls Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 22-23 Journal Article Carmona-Osalde, C.;M. A. Olvera-Novoa, A. Flores-Nava;Rodríguez-Serna., M. 1996 Estimation of the protein requirement for bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles, and its effect on metamorphosis ratio. Aquaculture 141 223-231 Journal Article Carr, David E. 1996 Morphological variation among species and populations of salamanders in the Plethodon glutinosus complex Herpetologica 52 1 56-65 Amphibia; Urodela; Plethodon glutinosus complex; Geographic variation; Morphometrics; Multivariate analysis Journal Article Carr, David E. 1996 Morphological variation among species and populations of salamanders in the Plethodon glutinosus complex Herpetologica 52 1 Journal Article Carr, Archie n.d. Alligators in Distress National Geographic 133-148 Journal Article Carreno, Carrie A.;Vess, Tomalei J.;Harris, Reid N. 1996 An investigatrion of kin recognition abilities in larval four-toed salamanders, Hemidactylium scutatum (Caudata: Plethodontidae) Herpetologica 52 3 293-300 Hemidactylium scutatum; Kin recognition; Kin selection; Larvae Journal Article Carretero, Miguel A.;Llorente, Gustavo A.;Santos, X.;Montori, A.;Roca, V.;Martin, J.;Lope, S. 1996 Hallazgo de Caretta caretta muertas en las dunas de Corralejo (Fuerteventura, Isla Canarias) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 43 Journal Article Carretero, Miguel A. 1996 Resoluciones internacionales sobre conservacion de quelonios Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 46 Journal Article Carruthers, Malcolm 1996 The captive breeding of Elaphe radiata The Herptile 21 1 13-16 Elaphe radiata Journal Article Carson, Carol 1996 Crocodile protection decree Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 4 Journal Article Casado-B., Roberto;Marca, Enrique La 1996 Geographic Distribution. Epicrates cenchria maurus Herpetological Review 27 4 212 Journal Article Casado-B., Roberto;Zoltan, Samantha 1996 Geographic Distribution. Boa constrictor constrictor Herpetological Review 27 2 88 Journal Article Case, Russ 1996 Book Review: Turtle Islands: Balinese ritual and the green turtle Reptiles 4 5 76-77 Book Review Journal Article Case, Russ 1996 1995 Reptiles article index Reptiles 4 1 8-20 Journal Article Casper, Gary S. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylium scutatum Herpetological Review 27 4 208 Journal Article Casper, Gary S. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Opheodrys vernalis Herpetological Review 27 4 214 Journal Article Casper, Gary S. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma maculatum Herpetological Review 27 4 208 Book Casper, Gary S. 1996 Geographic Distributions of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Wisconsin: An Interim Report of the Wisconsin Herpetological Atlas Project Milwaukee Milwaukee Public Museum 87 Journal Article Castanet, Jacques;Francillon-Vieillot, Hélène;Bruce, Richard C. 1996 Age estimation in desmognathine salamanders assessed by skeletochronology Herpetologica 52 2 160-171 Age estimation; skeletochronology; growth; longevity; Desmognathinae; Desmognathus Journal Article Castanho, Luciano Mendes 1996 Phyllomedusa distincta (Leaf frog). Predation Herpetological Review 27 3 141 Journal Article Castellano, Gabriele 1996 Riscaldamento e Umidità ReptiMagazine 2 2 36 Journal Article Castellano, Gabriele 1996 I sistemi riscaldanti ReptiMagazine 2 3 8-9 Journal Article Castellví, Ignasi 1996 Escorpiones del territrio Español [Scorpions of the Iberian Peninsula] Reptilia 1 3 20-22 Scorpions Journal Article Castilla, Aurora M.;Van Damme, Raoul 1996 Cannibalistic propensities in the lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata Copeia 1996 4 991-994 cannibalism; Podarcis hispanica Journal Article Castilla, Aurora M.;Swallow, John G. 1996 Thermal dependence of incubation duration under a cycling temperature regime in the lizard, Podarcis hispanica atrata Journal of Herpetology 30 2 247-253 Podarcis hispanica atrata; Incubation temperature Journal Article Castilla, Aurora M. 1996 Temperature selection for egg incubation by the lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata Herpetological Journal 6 4 133-136 Podarcis hispanica atrata; Egg incubation (natural) Journal Article Castillo, Francisco A. 1996 American crocodile in the Central Pacific region Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 12-13 Book Ceballos-Lascuráin, H. 1996 Tourism, ecotourism and protected areas: the state of nature-based tourism around the world and guidelines for its development Gland, Switzerland IUCN 301 tourism; ecotourism; conservation Book Cedhagen, Tomas 1996 Snoken: Bibliografi över volymerna 1-25, 1971-1995 Romelanda, Sweden Pavo Förlag 144 Journal Article Cei, J. M.;Ibañez, N.;Alvarez, B. B.;Carnevali, O.;Mosconi, G.;Polzonetti-Magni, A. M. 1996 Divergent male androgen patterns in two sympatric species of Leptodactylus from subtropical Southe America Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 1-6 Leptodactylus ocellatus; Leptodactylus chaquensis; Androgens Journal Article Censky, Ellen J. 1996 Herpetology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History Herpetological Review 27 3 110-111 Book Section Censky, E. J. 1996 The evolution of sexual size dimorphism in the teiid lizard Ameiva plei: A test of alternative hypotheses Powell, R. and Henderson, R. W. Contributions to West Indian herpetology: A tribute to Albert Schwartz. Contributions to Herpetology Ithaca, New York Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 12 277-289 behavior, tropics, sexual selection, teiidae, dimorphism Journal Article Cespedez, Jorge Abel 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo arenarum Herpetological Review 27 4 208 Journal Article Cespedez, Jorge Able 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pleurodema tucumana Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Cespedez, Jorge Able 1996 Geographic Distribution. Physalaemus riograndensis Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Cespedez, Jorge Able 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phyllomedusa sauvagi Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article Céspedez, Jorge Abel 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo arenarum Herpetological Review 27 3 148 Journal Article Chabreck, Robert H. 1996 Regurgitation by the American alligator Herpetological Review 27 4 185-186 regurgitation; Alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Chacon, D.;McLarney, W.;Ampie, C.;Venegas, B. 1996 Reproduction and conservation of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae) in Gandoca, Costa Rica Rev Biol Trop 44 2b 853-60 The leatherback turtle was studied in Gandoca, an important nesting beach on the southeastern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica (82 degrees 37' W; 09 degrees 37' N). In 1994, a total of 530 nests was recorded during the nesting season (February/July) and 160 leatherbacks were tagged; five were remigrants from the 1992 season and 15 carried tags from elsewhere. Eighty eight females only nested once. Mean curve carapace measurements were length 153.8 cm and width 112.0 cm. A hatchery received 82 clutches, with 6277 normal eggs. Their mean incubation period was 62.24 days (range: 56-68 days). Average hatching rate was 55.10% (S.D.: 25.04, range 15-96%). Extensive erosion, beach debris and poaching activity represent the main hazards for nesting in Gandoca. Journal Article Chacón, Didiher;McLarney, William;Ampie, Carols;Venegas, Benson 1996 Reproduction and conservation of the Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae) in Gandoca, Costa Rica Revista de Biologia Tropical 44 2 853-860 Book Section Chaloupka, M.Y.;Musick, J.A. 1996 Age, growth, and population dynamics P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 233-276 Journal Article Chan, Eng-Heng;Liew, Hock-Chark 1996 Decline of the leatherback population in Terengganu, Malaysia, 1956-1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 196-203 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting trends; threats; hatchery practices; conservation; management; Terengganu; Malaysia Journal Article Chan, E.-H.;Liew, H.-C. 1996 Decline of the leatherback population in Terengganu, Malaysia, 1956-1995. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 196-203 leatherback Journal Article Chan-ard, Tanya;Thirakhupt, Kumthorn;van Dijk, Peter Paul 1996 Observations on Manouria impressa at Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Northeastern Thailand Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 109-113 Reptilia; Testudines; Manouria impressa Book Chaney, Allan H. 1996 Keys to the Vertebrates of Texas (exclusive of Birds) Kingsville, TX Texas A & M University 102 Texas; key Journal Article Chapman, Geoff 1996 Protozaon infections in captive snakes - prevention preferable to cure The Herptile 21 1 19-22 Journal Article Chaves, Anny;Serrano, Gustavo;Marin, Guillermo;Arguedas, Eugenia;Jimenez, Alejandro;Spotila, James R. 1996 Biology and conservation of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, at Playa Langosta, Costa Rica Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 184-189 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting; population size; conservation; environmental education; Costa Rica Journal Article Chaves, A.;Serrano, G.;Marin, G.;Arguedas, E.;Jimenez, A.;Spotila, J.R. 1996 Biology and Conservation of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, at Playa Langosta, Costa Rica Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 184-189 leatherback Journal Article Chazal, Ann C.;Krenz, John D.;Scott, David E. 1996 Relationship of larval density and heterozygosity to growth and survival of juvenile marbles salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 1122-1129 Journal Article Chazal, A. C.;Krenz, J. D.;Scott., D. E. 1996 Relationship of larval density and heterozygosity to growth and survival of juvenile marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 1122-1129 Journal Article Chen, N.;Ma, J. X.;Corson, D. W.;Hazard, E. S.;Crouch, R. K. 1996 Molecular cloning of a rhodopsin gene from salamander rods Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37 9 1907-13 Ambystoma; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Comparative Study; DNA Primers; DNA, Complementary; Gene Expression; Models, Structural; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotide Probes; Organ Specificity; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protein Structure, Secondary; Rana pipiens; Retina/metabolism; Rhodopsin/*biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics; Rods (Retina)/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Xenopus laevis PURPOSE. Salamander photoreceptor cells have been used widely as models in vision research. However, the salamander opsin genes had not been cloned. The purpose of this study was to clone a salamander rhodopsin and to determine its primary structure and cell type-specific expression. METHODS. Using salamander retina RNA as a template and Xenopus rhodopsin-specific oligonucleotides as primers, reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to amplify and clone a rhodopsin cDNA fragment. This fragment was used as a probe to isolate a full-length cDNA of the rhodopsin from a cDNA library of salamander retina. The dideoxynucleotide chain termination method was used to determine the nucleotide sequence. Single rod and cone cells were isolated by micromanipulation, and the absorbance spectra of the rod outer segments were measured with a photon-counting microspectrophotometer. Individual rod and cone cells were lysed for RT- PCR and Southern blot analysis to detect cell-specific expression of this gene. RESULTS. A 1.2 kb rhodopsin cDNA containing the full-length coding region of rhodopsin has been cloned and sequenced from the larval tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. This cDNA encodes 354 amino acids that, by hydropathy profile, could form seven transmembrane domains characteristic of other rhodopsins. Sequence identity was found with other amphibian rhodopsins at the nucleic acid (82% to 83%) and the amino acid (88% to 89%) levels. Key amino acids critical for structure and function of rhodopsin have been retained. The mRNA of this rhodopsin was identified in red rod cells (lambda max 506 nm). No expression of the gene was detected in cone cells. CONCLUSIONS. The cloned rhodopsin is a newly isolated member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This protein is expressed in rods but not in cones. Journal Article Cheng, I-Jiunn 1996 Sea turtles at Taipin Tao, South China Sea Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 6-8 Sea turtles Book Cheng, I.-J.;Lin, C.-H. 1996 [Introductory manual on the ecology of the green sea turtle at Wan-an Island, Penghu Prefecture] Penghu Prefectureal Government 126 Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 A checklist of modern coins (1801 to present) featuring herpetozoa, Part 1 Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 5 77-95 numismatics Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 A checklist of modern coins (1801 to present) featuring herpetozoa, Part 2 Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 6 109-118 numismatics Journal Article Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Ophidian evolution in the numismatic history of Mexico Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 12 220-221 numismatics Journal Article Chiszar, David;Rosenblum, William M.;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Herp One: The earliet coins and notes to feature herpetological motifs Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 10 181-186 numismatics Journal Article Chiszar, David;Byall, Cameron;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Presence of cover influences response to prey by Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) The Psychological Record 46 591-594 Journal Article Chondropoulos, Basil P.;Papandropoulos, Dimitris P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ophiomorus punctatissimus Herpetological Review 27 3 152-153 Journal Article Chondropoulos, Basil P.;Chiras, George 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pelobates syriacus Herpetological Review 27 3 149 Journal Article Chou, Wen-Hao 1996 Note on distribution and sexual dimorphism of Rhacophorus aurantiventris (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Taiwan Bulletin of National Museum of natural Science 7 127-130 Journal Article Chou, Wen-Hao 1996 Observations on the postovipositional behavior of the Taiwanese agamaid lizard, Japalura swinonis (Squamata: Reptilia) Bulletin of National Museum of natural Science 7 107-112 Journal Article Choudhury, B.K.;Mannen, H.;Sharief, F.S.;Hou, E.W.;Li, S.S.L. 1996 Cloning, structure and evolution of the enhancer of split groucho and related genes from human, mouse, alligator, xenopus and nematode Faseb J. 10 6 896 Journal Article Chowdhury, Mohsinuzzaman 1996 The amphibians of Bangladesh Froglog 1996 19 1-2 Bangladesh Journal Article Christian, Keith;Green, Brian;Kennett, Rod 1996 Some physiological consequences of estivation by freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni Journal of Herpetology 30 1 1-9 Crocodylus johnstoni; Estivation; Doubly labeled water; Water flux; Metabolic rate Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Weavers, Brian W.;Green, Brian;Bedford, Gavin S. 1996 Energetics and water flux in a semiaquatic lizard, Varanus mertensi Copeia 1996 2 354-362 Varanus mertensi; energetics; water flux Journal Article Christian, Abdreas;Garland, Theodore 1996 Scaling of limb proportions in monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 2 219-230 Varanidae; Morphology; Limb proportions Journal Article Christian, K.;Green, B.;Bedford, G.;Newgrain, K. 1996 Seasonal metabolism of a small, arboreal monitor lizard, Varanus scalaris, in tropical Australia Journal of Zoology 240 Part 2 383-396 Reptilia, sauria, monitor lizard, Varanus scalaris, physiology, metabolism, season, temperature The field metabolic rates (FMR) and water fluxes of Varanus scalaris were measured during the wet and dry seasons by the doubly-labelled water technique. Seasonal measurements of standard (night-time) metabolism (SMR) and resting (daytime) metabolism (RMR) were made in the laboratory at 18, 24, 30 and 36 degrees C, and maximal oxygen consumption was measured at 36 degrees C on a motorized treadmill. This population was active throughout the year. In the wet season, the mean FMR was 7.8 kJ day(-1) (128.0 kJ kg(-1) day(-1); mean mass = 66.4 g, n = 13), and during the dry season the mean was 5.0 kJ day(-1) (67.6 kJ kg(-1) day(-1); mean mass = 77.4 g, n = 17). The mean water flux rates for these animals were 3.6 and 1.2 ml day(-1), respectively (60.4 and 16.6 ml kg(-1) day(-1)). The seasonal means of FMR and water flux were significantly different by ANCOVA (P < 0.0001). Measurements of SMR and RMR were significantly higher in the wet season (ANCOVA: P < 0.0001), but we found no difference in the maximal oxygen consumption between seasons (ANCOVA: P = 0.6). The maximal oxygen consumption of the lizards on the treadmill (2.9 ml min(-1) = 1.8 ml g(-1) h(-1)), mean mass = 97.4 g, n = 16) was 20 times that of the SMR at the same temperature during the dry season, and 11 times that of the SMR during the wet season. The seasonal differences in FMR were attributable to: changes in SMR (12.2%) and RMR (16.4%); differences in night-time body temperatures (11.3) and daytime body temperatures (16.4%); and activity (broadly defined to include locomotion, digestion, and reproductive costs (43.7%). K Christian, No Terr Univ, Fac Sci, Darwin, Nt 0909, Australia Journal Article Christian, K.;Green, B.;Kennett, R. 1996 Some physiological consequences of estivation by fresh water crocodiles, Crocodylus johnstoni J. Herpetol. 30 1 1-9 CJ, CPR, temperature, physiology, osmoregulation, Australia, Estivating crocodiles were studied at their dry season refuge in northern Australia over six years. The crocodiles spent three or four months a year underground without access to water. Doubly labeled water was used to measure field metabolic rates and water flux, and plasma and cloacal fluid samples were taken at approximately monthly intervals during some years to monitor the effects of estivation with respect to the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes and electrolyte concentrations. Estivating crocodiles expended a mean of 26.1 kJ kg( 1)day( 1). Although environmental and, hence, body temperatures increased with increasing time in estivation, water efflux decreased with increasing time in estivation to 9.3 mL kg( 1)day( 1), which was only 23% of the flux rate of crocodiles in water before estivation (40.2 mL kg( 1) day( 1)). The absolute size of body water pools declined proportionately with body mass and body solids; thus the crocodiles were not dehydrated even after three months without access to water. With increasing time in estivation, the following parameters increased in the cloacal fluid: osmolality, potassium, and magnesium; and the following increased in the blood plasma: osmolality, and protein concentration. Electrolytes in plasma were highest when the crocodiles were in the water and late in the estivation period. Freshwater crocodiles do not appear to have any specific adaptations for estivation, but given an adequate refuge, they can survive many months without access to water. Journal Article Christian, Keith;Bedford, Gavin 1996 Thermoregulation by the spotted tree monitor, Varanus scalaris, in the seasonal tropics of Australia J. Therm. Biol. 21 2 67-73 Journal Article Christian, Keith 1996 Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: an evaluation of methods in thermal biology Ecological Monographs 66 2 139-157 Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Green, B.;Bedford, G.;Newgrain, K. 1996 Seasonal metabolism of a small, arboreal monitor lizard, Varanus scalaris, in tropical Australia J. Zool., Lond. 240 383-396 Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Griffiths, Anthony D.;Bedford, Gavin S. 1996 Physiological ecology of frillneck lizards in a seasonal tropical environment Oecologia 106 49-56 Journal Article Christian, Keith 1996 Solar absorptance of some Australian lizards and its relationship to temperature Australian Journal of Zoology 44 59-67 Journal Article Christian, Keith A.;Weavers, B.;Green, B.;Bedford, G. 1996 Energetics and water flux in a semiaquatic lizard, Varanus mertensi Copeia 1996 2 354-362 Journal Article Christian, K. A.;Weavers, B. W. 1996 Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: An evaluation of methods in thermal biology Ecological Monographs 66 139-157 temperature. lizards, varanidae, varanus, thermoregulation Journal Article Christian, K. A.;Weavers, B. W. 1996 Thermoregulation of monitor lizards in Australia: an evaluation of methods in thermal biology Ecological Monographs 66 2 139-157 temperature, monitors, Varanus, methods, thermoregulation Book Christiansen, J. L.;Bailey, R. M. n.d. The Snakes of Iowa Des Moines Iowa Conservation Commission 15 Journal Article Christie, Miguel I.;Ubeda, Carmen 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eupsophus calcaratus Herpetological Review 27 3 149 Journal Article Chuang, L.C.;Yu, H.M.;Chen, C.P.;Huang, T.H.;Wu, S.H.;Wang, K.T. 1996 Determination of three-dimensional solution structure of waglerin I, a toxin from Trimeresurus wagleri, using 2D-NMR and molecular dynamics simulation Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1292 1 145-155 waglerin; nuclear magnetic resonance; protein solution structure; snake venom; molecular dynamics simulation; (T-wagleri); NUCLEAR MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PANCREATIC TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; PIT VIPER; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; LETHAL PEPTIDES; AMINO-ACIDS; SPECTROSCOPY; VENOM; PROTEIN; SPECTRA Journal Article Chung, M.C.M.;Ponnudurai, G.;Kataoka, M.;Shimizu, S.;Tan, N.H. 1996 Structural studies of a major hemorrhagin (rhodostoxin) from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 325 2 199-208 hemorrhagin; Calloselasma rhodostoma; amino acid sequence; disulfide bridges; carbohydrate structure; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; TRIMERESURUS-FLAVOVIRIDIS; LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES; GLYCOSYLATION SITES; COMMON PRECURSOR; SNAKE; METALLOPROTEINASE; GLYCOPROTEINS; PROTEINS Journal Article Churchill, Thomas A.;Storey, Kenneth B. 1996 Organ metabolism and cryoprotectant synthesis during freezing in spring peepers Pseudacris crucifer Copeia 1996 3 517-525 Pseudacris crucifer; Cryoprotectant; freeze tolerance Journal Article Chure, Daniel C.;Madsen, James H., Jr. 1996 Variation in aspects of the tympanic pneumatic system in a population of Allosaurus fragilis from the Morrison formation (Upper Jurassic) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 1 63-66 Journal Article Cimon, K.Y.;Oberst, R.D.;Upton, S.J.;Mosier, D.A. 1996 Biliary cryptosporidiosis in two corn snakes (Elaphe guttata) Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8 3 398-399 Reptilia, serpentes, corn snake,Elaphe guttata, inefction, protozoa, apicomplexa, cryptosporidiosis, bile duct, gall bladder KY Cimon, Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA Journal Article Claessen, Hugo;Paepe, Ronny de 1996 Herpetologie op Internet Terra 33 1 14-16 Internet Journal Article Claessen, Hugo 1996 De grootste bloem te wereld bloeit in Engeland Terra 33 1 18 Journal Article Claessen, Hugo 1996 Hoe schrijf ik een artikel? Terra 32 6 197-199 Journal Article Claessen, Hugo 1996 De zeeschildpadden van Frans Guyana [The sea turtles of French Guyana] Terra 32 5 164-166 Dermochelys coriacea Journal Article Claessen, Hugo 1996 Waar komen gifstoffen in de natuur vandaan en vooral de huidgiffen van kikkers? [Where are the toxins coming from in nature and especially the skin-poisons from frogs?] Terra 32 3 77-82 Journal Article Claessen, Hugo 1996 Bibliotheeknieuws Terra 32 1 28-34 Journal Article Claessen, Hugo 1996 Basiliscus basiliscus (Linnaeus, 1758) Terra 32 3 75-76 Basiliscus basiliscus Journal Article Clark, Bob 1996 Python color and pattern morphs Reptiles 4 3 56-67 Journal Article Clark, Richard 1996 Further observations on the French herpetofauna The Herptile 21 2 55-59 Lacerta Journal Article Clark, Richard 1996 Some notes on the reptile fauna of Fournoi, Ikaria, and Schinoussa, Aegean Sea, Greece British Herpetological Society Bulletin 56 35-39 Herpetofauna; Greece; Agean Sea; Schinoussa; Ikaria; Fournoi Journal Article Clarke, Jennifer A.;Chopko, Joseph T.;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 The effect of moonlight on activity patterns of adult and juvenile prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) Journal of Herpetology 30 2 192-197 Crotalus viridis viridis; Activity patterns; moonlight Journal Article Clemons, Jan;Lambert, Michael 1996 Herpetology in Jersey: A report of the 1996 visit to Jersey organised by the conservation committee British Herpetological Society Bulletin 57 33-40 Jersey Journal Article Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 1996 A natural history of amphibians, by R.C. Sebbins, N.W. Cohen Nature 379 6565 504 Journal Article Cloudsley-Thompson, John 1996 Reptiles that jump and fly British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 35-39 Journal Article Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. n.d. ca. 1980 Dinosaurs liked it cool Geographical magazine 738-741 Journal Article Coates, Christopher W. n.d. The care of turtles and small alligators Published by the New York Zoological Society 1-12 Journal Article Cobb, V. A.;Summerhill, J. A. 1996 A one-year study of the species diversity and relative abundance of snakes and lizards in the Jack Mountains region of Hot Springs County, Arkansas Proceedings Arkansas Academy of Science 50 120-126 survey, snakes, lizards Journal Article Coffland, Tom 1996 A red-tailed what? Cold Blooded News 23 2 3-4 Boa constrictor Journal Article Cogalniceanu, Dan;Thommen, G. Heinrich 1996 On the prescense of green dorsal morphs in the fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) and the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) Naturschutzreport 11 85-90 Holarctic, Europe, genetic variation, Danube Journal Article Cogalniceanu, Dan 1996 Distribution and status of the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina v. variegata) in Romania Naturschutzreport 11 225-230 Europe Journal Article Cogalniceanu, Dan;Thommen, G. Heinrich 1996 On the presence of green dorsal morphs in the fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina and the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) Naturschutzreport 11 1 85-90 Journal Article Cohen, Henry 1996 Breeding the Ceylon pond turtle (Melanochelys trijuga thermalis): lessons in captivity Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 34-39 Melanochelys trijuga Journal Article Cohen, Martin P.;Alford, Ross A. 1996 Factors affecting diurnal shelter use by the cane toad, Bufo marinus Herpetologica 52 2 172-181 Anura; Bufo marinus; shelter; water loss; temperature; behavior; aggregation; site fidelity Journal Article Collins, L. 1996 Crocodile skin production figures 1993-1994 Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 15-16 Journal Article Colly, L. P.;Bengis, R.;Bruckner, G. K. 1996 Special challenges of maintaining wild animals in captivity: a southern African perspective Rev Sci Tech 15 1 237-49 Africa, Southern; Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; *Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence; *Animals, Domestic; *Animals, Wild; Aquaculture; Birds; Breeding; Carnivora; Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence The authors summarise the issues of concern in game ranching, and the challenges involved in maintaining and utilising wild animals. The more intensive farming of ostriches and crocodiles is discussed. An indication of regulatory controls on the movement and possession of wild animals is given. Institutions concerned with aspects of wildlife care, rehabilitation and research are described. Journal Article Coloma, Luis A.;Lötters, Stefan 1996 The tadpole of Atelopus balios (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pacific Lowlands of Ecuador Herpetologica 52 1 66-70 Anura; Bufonidae; Atelopus balios; Tadpoles; Natural history; Ecuador Journal Article Comez, Angel;Romero, Carlos;Albornoz, Mariana 1996 Notes from Laguna de la Restinga national Park, Venezueka Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 19 Journal Article Comez, A.;C. Romero, M. Albornoz, P. Millan, J.F. Penoth 1996 Notes from Laguna de la Restinga National Park, Venezuela Mar. Turtle Newsl. 72 19 Journal Article Conde, Mariano 1996 Chipmunks Reptilia 1 3 23-25 Book Section Congdon, Justin D.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1996 Structure and dynamics of a turtle community over two decades Long-Term Studies of Vertebrate Communities New York Academic Press 137-156 Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Dunham, A. E.;van Loben Sels, R. C. 1996 Demographics of common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): Implications for conservation and management of long-lived organisms American Zoologist 34 397-408 SSD Journal Article Congdon, J.D.;Gibbons, J.W. 1996 Structure and dynamics of a turtle community over two decades 137-159 sex ratio Journal Article Conklin, D. J.;Lillywhite, H. B.;Olson, K. R.;Ballard, R. E.;Hargens, A. R. 1996 Blood vessel adaptation to gravity in a semi-arboreal snake J Comp Physiol [B] 165 7 518-26 *Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology; Analysis of Variance; Angiotensin II/pharmacology; Animal; Arteries/drug effects/*physiology; Catecholamines/pharmacology; Female; *Gravitation; Histamine/pharmacology; Hormones/pharmacology; Male; Neurotransmitters/pharmacology; Potassium/pharmacology; Snakes/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Vasotocin/pharmacology; Veins/drug effects/*physiology The effects of vasoactive agonists on systemic blood vessels were examined with respect to anatomical location and gravity acclimation in the semi-arboreal snake, Elaphe Obsoleta. Major blood vessels were reactive to putative neurotransmitters, hormones or local factors in vessel specific patterns. Catecholamines, adenosine triphosphate, histamine and high potassium (80 mM) stimulated significantly greater tension per unit vessel mass in posterior than anterior arteries. Anterior vessels were significantly more sensitive to catecholamines than midbody and posterior vessels. Angiotensin II stimulated significantly greater tension in carotid artery than in midbody and posterior dorsal aorta. Arginine vasotocin strongly contracted the left and right aortic arches and anterior dorsal aorta. Veins were strongly contracted by catecholamines, high potassium and angiotensin II, but less so by adenosine triphosphate, arginine vasotocin and histamine. Precontracted vessel were relaxed by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, but not by atrial natriuretic peptide or bradykinin. Chronic exposure of snakes to intermittent hypergravity stress ( + 1.5 Gz at tail) did not affect the majority of vessel responses. These data demonstrate that in vitro tension correlates with that catecholamines, as well as other agonists, are important in mediating vascular responses to gravitational stresses in snakes. Thesis Cook, R.P. 1996 Movement and ecology of eastern box and painted turtles repatriated to human-created habitat Journal Article Cooper, J. Allan 1996 Herptile keeping and conservation - A new approach for the Millennium The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 160-163 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;DePerno, Christopher S.;Steele, Laura J. 1996 Do lingual behaviors and locomotion by two gekkotan lizards after experimental loss of bitten prey indicate chemosensory search? Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 217-231 Cemosensory search; Eublepharis macularius; Gekko gecko; Strike-induced chemosensory searching Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1996 Variation and evolution of forked tongues in squamate repriles Herpetological Natural History 4 2 135-150 Tongue; Lingual evolution; Chemosensory sampling; Squamata Journal Article Cooper, Sarah L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hypsiglena torquata deserticola Herpetological Review 27 4 213 Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr;Van Wyk, Johannes H.;Mouton, P. Le F. N. 1996 Pheromonal detection and sex discrimination of conspecific substrate deposits by the rock-dwelling Cordylid lizard Cordylus cordylus Copeia 1996 4 839-845 Cordylus cordylus; Pheromonal detection; sex discrimination Journal Article Cooper, John E.;Cooper, Margaret E. 1996 Veterinary and legal implications of the use of snakes in traditional dancing in East Africa British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 29-34 Folklore Journal Article Cooper, William E., Jr 1996 Preliminary reconstructions of nasal chemosensory evolution in Squamata Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 395-415 Chemosensory evolution; chemoreception; Squamata Journal Article Cooper, W.E.;Deperno, C.S.;Fox, S.F. 1996 Prey chemical discrimination and strike-induced chemosensory searching in lizards: Their absence in a crotaphytid lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) and a proposal for research in zoos Zoo Biology 15 3 239-253 Reptilia, sauria, crotaphytid lizard, Crotaphytus collaris, physiology, feeding, chemosensory searching Lizards in scleroglossan families of actively foraging carnivores and the herbivorous iguanids use the tongue to gather chemical samples to detect, identify, and locate food prior to attack, and to relocate lost food. In contrast, previously studied iguanian families other than Iguanidae lack lingually mediated prey chemical discrimination (PCD) and do not exhibit lingually mediated chemosensory searching behavior for bitten prey that has escaped or been lost (SICS = strike-induced chemosensory searching). In the present study, experimental tests showed that PCD and SICS are absent in Crotaphytus collaris, a member of the previously unstudied family of iguanian ambush foragers, Crotaphytidae. Available data suggest that in active foragers natural selection favors use of chemical cues to locate hidden prey, whereas in ambush foragers natural selection favors immobility to avoid detection by predators and SICS precludes simultaneous ambush. In most families the states of PCD and SICS are retained from the ancestors, but when foraging mode shifts, a change in chemosensory behavior appears to be induced. A proposal is made for a research program involving herpetologists at toes. WE Cooper, Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, FT Wayne, IN 46805 USA Journal Article Coppen, James 1996 The captive care of the corn snake Elaphe guttata guttata. Part two - egg laying and incubation Reptilian 4 8 9-11 Elaphe guttata Journal Article Coppen, James 1996 The captive care of the corn snake Elaphe guttata guttata Reptilian 4 6 35-38 Elaphe guttata Journal Article Coppen, James 1996 Bart's rescue Reptilian 4 3 14-15 Journal Article Coppen, James 1996 The captive care and maintenance of the grey ratsnake Reptilian 4 3 13-14 Elaphe obsoleta Book Corkran, Charlotte C.;Thoms, Chris 1996 Amphibians of Oregon, Washington and British Columbia Renton, WA Lone Pine 176 p. Journal Article Corliss, Justin M. 1996 The spectacled caiman Reptiles 4 8 32-40 Caiman crocodilus Journal Article Corliss, J. M. 1996 A SOAKING REGIMEN FOR SELECTED REPTILES Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 4 5 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, skin, soaking Journal Article Coucelo, J.;Coucelo, J.;Azevedo, J. 1996 Ultrasonography characterization of heart morphology and blood flow of lower vertebrates Journal of Experimental Zoology 275 2-3 73-82 Amphibia, anura, Bufo bufo Pisces, physiology, flow, blood, 3-dimensional reconstruction, doppler Echocardiography is an noninvasive technique that utilizes high frequency ultrasound to evaluate structural, functional, and hemodynamic status of the cardiovascular system. With all the inherent potentials of this technique, its application has not been explored on lower vertebrates. The objective of our work was to apply ultrasonography technique, with an available commercial equipment (Echo camera - Aloka SSD 830 and Toshiba using probes of 5 and 7.5 MHz frequency emission) and to identify and characterize cardiac structures and blood flow in lower vertebrates. Specimens studied were Lophius piscatorius, Halobatrachus didactylus, and Bufo bufo. The probe was applied on the ventral middle line over heart chambers. Two-dimensional images were obtained from long and short axis incidences at various levels of cardiac chambers. During each cardiac cycle and for every specimen it was possible to identify the relation between each structure, to measure longitudinal and transversal diameters, to identify blood fluxes, and measure their velocities. The work we describe and discuss in our preliminary experience and data concerning the ultrasound study of some lower vertebrates. The cardiovascular apparatus of the different species we studied was a dynamic, phasic, and efficient contraction and relaxation mechanism. The phenomena could be well documented with two-dimensional echocardiography. The effect of the coupling phenomena of contraction and relaxation was also studied through the application of pulsed and color Doppler ultrasound. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography can be easily applied to the study of the anatomy, morphology, and physiology of lower vertebrates. Well defined structures and cardiac chambers were displayed with this noninvasive imaging technique. Echo-Doppler ultrasonography is a reliable technique in these lower vertebrate specimens, to study cardiac structure and kinetics, and to identify and measure blood flow velocity. It can be used as an experimental model for cardiac function. J Coucelo, Ctr Cardiol Portimao, Quinta Amparo 3F, P-8500 Portimao, Portugal Journal Article Couch, L.;Stone, P.A.;Duszynski, D.W.;Snell, H.L.;Snell, H.M. 1996 A survey of the coccidian parasites of reptiles from islands of the Galapagos archipelago: 1990-1994 Journal of Parasitology 82 3 432-437 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Tropidurus, G. nigra, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, coccidia From 1990 through 1994, fecal samples were collected and examined for coccidian parasites from 26 giant land tortoises Geochelone nigra, from 715 lava lizards Tropidurus spp., from 139 land iguanas Conolophus subcristatus, and from 128 marine iguanas. Amblyrhynchus cristatus, all of which inhabit various islands in the Galapagos Archipelago. None of the samples from A. cristatus or from C. subcristatus was infected with coccidia. Only 1 of 26 (4%) G. nigra was infected with a single Eimeria species that we describe here as new. A total of 262 of 715 (37%) individuals representing 3 species of Tropidurus discharged oocysts of 1-3 different coccidian species; these included 2 previously described species Eimeria tropidura and Isospora insularius, and an eimerian that we describe here as new. Additionally, 104 fecal samples from Tropidurus spp. were from 51 animals recaptured in either 2 or 3 yr; 21 had no infections in any year, 15 were infected at least once, 14 were infected in 2 yr, and only 1 was infected during 3 yr. No animal was recaptured as sampled during each of the 4 yr of this study. Of the 262 infected individuals, 30 (12%) had multiple coccidial infections at the time of collection (eimerian and isoporan, or 2 eimerians). Where determination of the sexes was possible in the lava lizards, there was no difference in prevalence rates between males (39%) and females (41%). Sporulated oocysts of the new eimerian from Tropidurus are ellipsoidal, 27.1 x 15.6 (25-31 x 14-18) mu m, with a polar body, but without a micropyle or oocyst residuum; they contain ellipsoidal sporocysts, 11.8 x 6.7 (10-14 x 6-8) mu m, without Stieda, sub-, or parastieda bodies, but with a sporocyst residuum. Sporulated oocysts of the new eimerian from G. nigra are ellipsoidal to ovoidal, 21.6 x 18.1 (18-25 x 16-20) mu m, with a large polar body, but without a micropyle or oocyst residuum; they contain ellipsoidal sporocysts 10.7 x 7.0 (8-12 x 5-8) mu m, with Stieda body but mno sub- or parastieda bodies. Also present is a sporocyst residuum of medium to large granules randomly distributed among the sporocysts. L Couch/Univ New Mexico/Dept Biol/Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA Journal Article Council, Desert Tortoise 1996 Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 199 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Couper, John;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Drymarchon couperi Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Couper, Patrick J. 1996 Nephrurus asper (Squamata: Gekkonidae): sperm storage and other reproductive data Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 2 487 Journal Article Couper, Patrick J.;Covacevich, Jeanette A.;Marsterson, S. P. 1996 Coggeria naufragus gen. et. sp. nov., a sand-swimming skink from Fraser Island, Queensland Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 2 233-241 Journal Article Cousins, Glenn 1996 Beginner's corner Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1996 February 6-7 Journal Article Couthino, M.;Campos, Z. 1996 Effect of habitat and seasonality on the densities of caiman in southern Pantanal, Brazil J. Trop. Ecol. 12 741-747 CCR, CY, CL, ecology, habitat, distribution, demography, movement, Journal Article Covacevich, Jeanette A.;Couper, Patrick J.;McDonald, Keith R. 1996 Lerista allanae (Scincidae: Lygosominae): 60 years from exhibition to extinction? Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 2 247-256 Journal Article Cox, Merel J.;Chanhome, Lawan 1996 Growth rates of young pythons Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 24-30 Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess;Cranston, Eunice 1996 Notes on the natural history and captive maintenance of the Mexican hognose snake (Heterodon nasicus kennerlyi) Vivarium 8 2 58-60 Herterodon nasicus kennerlyi Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess;Cranston, Eunice 1996 Natural History and captive care of Baird's rat snake, Elaphe bairdi Vivarium 8 1 60-62 Journal Article Cranston, Thurgess;Cranston, Eunice 1996 The misunderstood gray rat snake Vivarium 7 6 8-9 Elaphe obsoleta spilotes Journal Article Crawshaw, Graham J.;Holz, Peter 1996 Comparison of plasma biochemical values in blood and blood-lymph mixtures from red-eared sliders, Trachemys scripta elegans Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 2 7-9 Journal Article Crawshaw, Graham J.;Johnson, Robert R.;Smith, Dale A. 1996 The veterinarian and reptile: an introduction to the conservation of amphibians and reptiles Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 3 18-22 Journal Article Creisler, Benjamin S. 1996 The etymology of Chelodina Fitzinger, 1826 (Testudines: Chelidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 4 556 Chelodina; etymology Journal Article Crews, D. 1996 Temperature-dependent sex determination: the interplay of steroid hormones and temperature Zoological Science 13 1-13 tsd Journal Article Crews, D.;Cantu, A.R.;Bergeron, J.M. 1996 Temperature and non-aromatizable androgens: a common pathway in male sex determination in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination? Journal of Endocrinology 149 457-463 tsd; sex ratio Journal Article Crews, D.;Cantu, A.R.;Rhen, T.;Vohra, R. 1996 The relative effectiveness of estrone, estradiol-17B, and estriol in sex reversal in the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta), a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination General and Comparative Endocrinology 102 317-326 tsd; sex ratio Journal Article Croce, Amerio 1996 L'uovo sotto la corazza ReptiMagazine 2 1 36-37 Journal Article Croce, Amerio 1996 Il veterinario risponde ReptiMagazine 2 2 39 Journal Article Croce, Amerio 1996 Il veterinario ReptiMagazine 2 3 7 Journal Article Croce, A. 1996 A new Mixture for the Anaesthesia of Wild Animals. Proceedings Eur. Ass. Zoo- Wildl. Vets 1 93-103 Mammalia, aves, reptilia, sauria, Wild Animals, Ruminants, Canids, Felids, Bears, Monkeys, Small Rodents, Rabbits, Porcupines, Hedgehogs, Birds, Parrots, Raptors, Ducks, Anaesthesia, Tiletamine, Zolazepam, Ketamine, Xylazine, Yohimbine. Anaesthesia represents one of the main concerns for veterinarians dealing with wild animals, because of the problems related to pharmacological restraints and obtaining a reliable surgical anaesthesia. In the present work a personal contribution to the anaesthesiological problem is presented. Data are the result of long lasting experimentation with a new mixture in many species of mammals and birds. The anaesthetic cocktail presented is composed of four drugs: Tiletamine, Zolazepam, Ketamine, and Xylazine. The components produce a positive synergic effect that induces a deep anaesthesia in combination with a good muscular relaxation, a scanty breathing depression, and a partial reversibility through an antagonist. Edited Book Crocodile Specialist Group 1996 Crocodiles. Proceedings of the 13th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group Gland, Switzerland IUCN - The World Conservation Union xiii + 514 Journal Article Crother, Brian I.;Guyer, Craig 1996 Caribbean historical biogeography: was the dispersal-vicariance debate eliminated by an extraterrestrial bolide? Herpetologica 52 3 440-465 Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) bolide; tsunamis; vicariance; dispersal; immunological distance clock; Caribbean tectonic history; Cladistic biogeography Journal Article Crother, Brian I.;Guyer, Craig 1996 Caribbean historical biogeography: Was the dispersal-variance debate eliminated by an extraterrestrial bolide? Herpetologica 52 3 440-465 Journal Article Crowe, Richard E. 1996 Developing the Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert Coordinated Management Plan Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 28-29 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Cruz, Félix Benjamín 1996 Reproductive biology of the lizard Cnemidophorus ocellifer in the dry chaco of Salta, Argentina Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 80-86 Reproductive biology; Cnemidophorus ocellifer Journal Article Cruz, Félix B.;Scrocchi, Gustavo J.;Moro, Silvia A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Stenocercus marmoratus Herpetological Review 27 4 211 Journal Article Cuadrado, Mariano 1996 Tasa de polidactilia en el camaleón común Chamaeleo chamaeleon Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 23-24 Journal Article Cuéllar, Orlando;Méndez de la Cruz, Fausto R.;Cruz, Maricela Villagram-Santa;Sánchez-Trejo, Ruben 1996 Pregnancy does not increase the risk of mortality in wild viviparous lizards (Sceloporus grammicus) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 77-80 Sceloporus grammicus; Mortality; Pregnancy Journal Article Cuéllar, Orlando 1996 Taxonomic status of the western spotted frog Biogeographica 72 4 145-150 Taxonomie, western spotted frog, species novum, Amphibia, Rana luteiventris, Grand Basin USA Journal Article Cuéllar, Orlando;Cruz, Fausto R. Méndez de la;Cruz, Maricela Villagran-Santa;Sánchez-Trejo, Ruben 1996 Pregnancy does not increase the risk of mortality in wild viviparous lizards (Sceloporus grammicus) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 77-80 Journal Article Culzzoni, Mercedes;Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phyllopezus pollicaris przewalskyi Herpetological Review 27 4 211 Journal Article Cunningham, George R.;Hicky, Susanne M.;Gowen, Christopher M. 1996 Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie rattlesnake). Behavior Herpetological Review 27 1 24 Crotalus viridis; Behavior Journal Article Cunningham, A.A.;Langton, T.E.S.;Bennett, P.M.;Lewin, J.F.;Drury, S.E.N.;Gough, R.E.;Macgregor, S.K. 1996 Pathological and microbiological findings from incidents of unusual mortality of the common frog (Rana temporaria) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 351 1347 1539-1557 Journal Article Cunningham, A.A.;Sainsbury, A.W.;Cooper, J.E. 1996 Diagnosis and treatment of a parasitic dermatitis in a laboratory colony of African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) Veterinary Record 138 26 640-642 Amphibia, anura, African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, pathology, dermatitis, infection, helminth, nematode, therapy, levamisole A parasitic dermatitis, caused by a nematode infestation of the epidermis, was diagnosed in 11 captive African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) by a histological examination of the skin, Eight of the animals died or were euthanased before effective treatment with levamisole was administered, and one frog died after being treated, Secondary infection with opportunistic pathogens may have been involved in the progression of the disease. AA Cunningham, Natl Avian Res Ctr, POB 45553, Abu Zaby, U Arab Emirates Journal Article Cunnington, D.C.Brooks, R.J. 1996 Bet-hedging theory and eigenelasticity: A comparison of the life histories of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 74 2 291-296 Reptilia, testudines, loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, snapping turtle,Chelydra serpentina, population, management, conservation The life table for snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) generated from a 16-year study in Algonquin Park, Ontario, suggests that the population is declining. We use a stage-based matrix model based on this life table to simulate population management options. In addition we analyze the demographic sensitivities of the Algonquin Park population life table and a life table recently published for a population of snapping turtles at the E.S. George Reserve in Michigan. The results are compared with a similar study of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). We use these inter- and intra-specific comparisons to test bet-hedging life-history theory. Bet-hedging theory predicts that the long lives and low annual reproductive effort of turtles reduces the effect of low, stochastic juvenile survival on an individual's reproductive success. We test this prediction using proportional sensitivity of the intrinsic rate of increase to variation in life-table parameters (eigenelasticity) to compare the two populations of snapping turtles with each other and with loggerhead sea turtles. Annual adult survival is shown to be the variable most predictive of sensitivity to variation in first-year survival. RJ Brooks/Univ Guelph/Dept Zool/Guelph/on N1G 2W1, Canada Journal Article Cunnington, D.C.;Brooks, R.J. 1996 Bet hedging theory and eigenelasticity: a comparison of the life histories of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) Can. J. Zool. 74 291-296 life history Journal Article Curio, E. 1996 Conservation needs ethology Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 260-263 conservation Journal Article Cvetkovic, Dragana;Kalezic, Milos L.;Djorovic, Ana;Dzukic, Georg 1996 The crested newt (Triturus carnifex) in the submediterranean: reproductive biology, body size, and age Ital. J. Zool. 63 107-111 ljkaca@ibiss.bg.ac.yu Journal Article da Silva, Nelson Jorge, Jr;da Silva, Dionei José 1996 Geographic Distribution. Micrurus lemniscatus Herpetological Review 27 1 34 Journal Article Dalem, A. A. G. Raka;Burgin, Shelly 1996 Possible overwintering on land by hatchling Chelodina longicollis Herpetofauna 26 2 14-15 overwintering; Chelodina longicollis Journal Article Dalrymple, George H. 1996 Growth of American alligators in the Shark Valley Region of Everglades National Park Copeia 1996 1 212-216 Alligator mississippiensis; Growth Journal Article Dalrymple, G.H. 1996 Growth of American alligators in the Shark Valley region of Everglades National Park Copeia 1996 1 212-216 AM, growth, size, Journal Article Daltry, J.C.;Wuster, W.;Thorpe, R.S. 1996 Diet and snake venom evolution Nature 379 6565 537-540 RATTLESNAKE VENOM; RUSSELL VIPER; ISLAND; PREY Journal Article Daltry, J. C.;Ponnudurai, G.;Shin, C. K.;Tan, N. H.;Thorpe, R. S.;Wuster, W. 1996 Electrophoretic profiles and biological activities: intraspecific variation in the venom of the Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) Toxicon 34 1 67-79 The Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) is of major clinical significance both as a leading cause of snakebite and as the source of ancrod (Arvin). Although its venom has been extensively studied, the degree to which venom composition varies between individuals is poorly known. We individually analysed the venoms of over 100 C. rhodostoma using isoelectric focusing. In all populations, females produced an intense band that was absent from all males, and significant ontogenetic variation was detected. Principal components analysis of the banding profiles also revealed strong geographic variation, which was significantly congruent with variation in the biological activities of the venom (phosphodiesterase, alkalinephosphoesterase, L-amino acid oxidase, arginine ester hydrolase, 5'-nucleotidase, thrombin-like enzyme, haemorrhagic activity). Studies of captive-bred snakes indicate that the intraspecific variation in venom is genetically inherited rather than environmentally induced. The intraspecific variation in venom composition and biological activity could be of applied importance to snakebite therapy, both in correct diagnosis of the source of envenomation and in the development of a more effective antivenom. Greater attention should be given to the source of C. rhodostoma venom used in research to ensure reproducibility of results. Journal Article Daltry, Jennifer C.;Wüster, Wolfgang;Thorpe, Roger S. 1996 Diet and snake venom evolution Nature 379 6565 537-540 Journal Article Daly, Gary 1996 Observations on the eastern owl frog Heleioporus australiacus (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in southern New South Wales Herpetofauna 26 1 33-42 Heleioporus australiacus; New South Wales; tadpole; Breeding Journal Article Daly, John W.;Andriamaharavo, Nirina Rabe;Andriantsiferana, Marta;Myers, Charles W. 1996 Madagascan Poison Frogs (Mantella ) and Their Skin Alkaloids American Museum Novitates 3177 1-34 Journal Article Daly, John W.;Andriamaharavo, Nirina Rabe;Andriantsiferana, Marta;Myers, Charles W. 1996 Madagascan poison frogs (Mantella) and their skin alkaloids American Museum Novitates 3177 1-34 Mantella aurantiaca, baroni, betsileo, cowanii, crocea, expectata, laevigata, pulchra, viridis Journal Article Damm, Michael 1996 Naja naja (Linnaeus) Sauria 18 3 Supplement 361-364 Naja naja Journal Article Danch, James 1996 The hellbender Reptiles 4 7 48-59 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Journal Article Daniels, C. B.;Orgeig, S.;Smits, A. W.;Miller, J. D. 1996 The influence of temperature, phylogeny, and lung structure on the lipid composition of reptilian pulmonary surfactant Exp Lung Res 22 3 267-81 The lungs of all air-breathing vertebrates contain a form of pulmonary surfactant that lines the alveolar air-water interface where it modifies the interfacial surface tension. These pulmonary surfactants all consist of varying amounts of phospholipids (saturated and unsaturated) and cholesterol. The extent of variation between vertebrate groups and between species within a vertebrate group has been attributed to differences in factors such as phylogeny, body temperature, habitat, and lung structure. The influence of these factors on amphibian surfactant composition and function has been studied, but the reptiles, which comprise a polyphyletic group of vertebrates, have never been critically examined. The surfactant lipid composition from species belonging to the three groups of reptiles, the Archosauria (crocodiles), Lepidosauria (snakes and lizards), and Anapsida (turtles), has been determined. New data is presented in conjunction with already published data to create an evolutionary framework that concentrates particularly on the influence of phylogeny, body temperature, and lung structure on the composition of the surfactant lipids. Large amounts of pulmonary surfactant were found in all species of reptiles. All species lavaged at 23 degrees C (except C. atrox) demonstrated DSP/PL ratios of 23-33%. Animals with multicameral lungs exhibited an elevated CHOL/DSP ratio compared with species with unicameral lungs. In all groups, phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the dominant (60-80%) phospholipid. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol (PS/PI) and sphingomyelin (S) represented the other phospholipids, while phosphatidylglycerol (PG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were occasionally observed. In two species of lizards (C. nuchalis and P. vitticeps), the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (16:0), was the dominant tail group on the phospholipids. Oleic acid (18:1) was the dominant monounsaturated fatty acid, whereas polyunsaturates comprised about a fifth of the total fatty acid profile. Short-term (4 h) changes in temperature did not affect the relative proportions of the fatty acids in either species. Comparison of the current data with previously published literature suggests that phylogeny and habitat do not significantly influence surfactant lipid composition, but body temperature and to a lesser extent lung structure are important determinants of reptilian surfactant lipid composition. Journal Article Dann, S.;Dijkstra, C.;Weissing, F.J. 1996 An evolutionary explanation for seasonal trends in avian sex ratios Behavioral Ecology 7 4 426-430 sex ratio; birds Journal Article Dantzler, J. 1996 Crocodilian DNA Workshop Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 19-20 Journal Article Darby, A. W. 1996 Chameleons at school The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 151-155 Chameleons; Education Journal Article Dart, R. C.;Hurlbut, K. M.;Garcia, R.;Boren, J. 1996 Validation of a severity score for the assessment of crotalid snakebite [see comments] Ann Emerg Med 27 3 321-6 STUDY OBJECTIVE: No research tool exists for the clinical evaluation of crotalid snakebite. We sought to determine the correlation of the snakebite severity score (SSS) with the clinical assessment of physicians experienced in the management of crotalid snakebite. METHODS: We retrospectively used the SSS to quantify the severity of envenomation in 108 patients with crotalid snakebite. Two physicians experienced in the management of venomous snakebite independently and blindly assessed the severity of envenomation as detailed in medical records with the use of accepted clinical criteria. The correlation of the SSS and the physicians' consensus was determined with pointbiserial correlation. RESULTS: The SSS correlated well with the physicians' consensus at presentation (r=+.63, z score=6.52, P<.000001) and at the point at which the patient's condition was worst (r=+.70, z score=7.24, P<.000001). The SSS also correlated highly with the physicians' assessment of change in the patient's condition (r=+.51, z score=6.10, P<.000001). With the physicians' consensus as the gold standard, the sensitivity of a change in the SSS of 1 point in detecting clinically significant worsening of the envenomation syndrome was .97; specificity was .81. CONCLUSION: The SSS correlated well with the clinical condition of patients bitten by crotalid snakes as represented by the medical record. It provides a more objective instrument for the evaluation of severity and progression of envenomation in patients with crotalid snakebite. Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Whitaker, Romulus 1996 Bibliography of the king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) Smithsonian Information Service 108 1-24 Bibliography; Ophiophagus hannah Journal Article Das, Indraneil;Whitaker, Romulus;Andrews, Harry V. 1996 Publish and perish! Hamadryad 21 1-3 Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 Book review: Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Biology, Systematics, Field Guide Hamadryad 21 49-51 Book review Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 Book review: Sarzameen-a-Pakistan Kay Saamp Hamadryad 21 51-52 Book review Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 The validity of Dibamus nicobaricum (Fitzinger in Steindacher, 1867) (Squamata: Sauria: Dibamidae) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 157-162 Rhinophidion nicobaricum; Dibamus nicobaricum; Dibamidae; Nomenclature; Systematics; Nicobar Islands; India Book Das, Indraneil 1996 Biogeography of the Reptiles of South Asia Malabar, FL Krieger vii + 87 + 16 plates India Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana chalconota Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 Book Review: Handbook: Indian Lizards Herpetological Review 27 1 44-46 Book Review Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 Folivory and seasonal changes in diet in Rana hexadactyla (Anura: Ranidae) Journal of Zoology, London 238 785-794 Rana hexadactyla; Anura; Ranidae; Folivory; Herbivory Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 First record of Heosemys spinosa from the Philippines, with biogeographic notes Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 80-82 Reptilia; Testudines; Bataguridae; Heosemys spinosa; Philippines Journal Article Das, Indraneil 1996 Spatio-temporal resource utilization by a Bornean rainforest herpetofauna: Preliminary results Tropical Rainforest Research-Current Issues 315-323 Book Das, Indraneil 1996 Freshwater Turtles: A colouring book for children London Peopl's Trust for Endangered Species 24 Book Das, Indraneil;de Silva, Anslem 1996 A Directory of Herpetologists in South Asia Peradeniya ARROS iv, 48 Journal Article Dasgupta, R.;Halder, D. P.;Dasgupta, B. 1996 Blood parasites of Tylototriton verrucosus (Caudata: Salamandridae) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 186-190 Parasites; Tylototriton verrucosus; Blood parasites Journal Article Dasgupta, Ritwik 1996 Feeding ecology of the adult Himalayan salamander Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson, 1871 (caudata: Salamandridae) Herpetozoa 9 1/2 19-29 Tylototriton verrucosus; feeding ecology; behavior; India; Himalayas Journal Article Daus, Mirko 1996 Einige bemerkungen zur haltung und vermehrung von beutelfröschen (Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843) Elaphe 4 1 2-8 Gastrotheca peruana; Gastrotheca riobambae; Gastrotheca marsupiata Journal Article Davenport, John;Magill, Shona H. 1996 Thermoregulation or osmotic control? Some preliminary observations on the function of emersion in the diamondback terrapin Malaclemys terrapin (Latreille) Herpetological Journal 6 1 26-29 Malaclemys terrapin; Thermoregulation; osmotic control Book David, Patrick;Vogel, Gernot 1996 The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key With Natural History Notes Frankfurt, Germany Edition Chimaira 260 Sumatra; Key Book Davidson, Carlos 1996 Frog and Toad Calls of the Rocky Mountains Ithaca, NY Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology 28 Frog calls Journal Article Davidson, Diane W.;Newmark, William D.;Sites, Jack W., Jr.;Shiozawa, Dennis K.;Rickart, Eric A.;Harper, Kimball T.;Keiter, Robert B. 1996 Selecting wilderness areas to conserve Utah's biological diversity Great Basin Naturalist 56 2 95-118 Journal Article Davies, Bob;Davies, Val 1996 Dendrobatid frogs in captivity British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 17-28 Dendrobates Journal Article Davies, M. 1996 A case of dicephalism in a specimen of Natrix natrix helvetica found at Winchelsea, nr. Rye, Sussex British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 42 Dicephaly; Bicephaly Journal Article Davis, Scott 1996 Genetic studies of the Jamaican Iguana Iguana Times 5 3 57 Cyclura collei; conservation Journal Article Davis, Jamie 1996 Breeding the scarlet kingsnake Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 14 1 5-6 Book Davis, Lynn 1996 Eat This Bug: A guide to invertebrate live foods for reptiles & amphibians Redwood City, CA Hillview Press 62 Book Dawkins, Richard 1996 Climbing Mount Improbable New York W.W. Norton xii, 340 Journal Article de Barros Molina, Flavio;Cunha Farias, Eduardo;Gomes, Norma 1996 A case of twinning in the D'Orbigny slider, Trachemys dorbignyi (Testudines, Emydidae) Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 8 145-146 Trachemys dorbignyi; twins Journal Article De Block, Filip 1996 Beknopt reisverslag over de Kleine Sund-Eilanden Terra 33 1 3-5 Indonesia; Sunda Islands Journal Article De Bruyn, L.;Kazadi, M.;Hulsemans, J. 1996 Diet of Xenopus fraseri (Anura, Pipidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 1 82-85 Xenopus fraseri; Diet Journal Article De Groot, Frank 1996 De Madagascar- boa's, genus Acrantophis en Sanzinia. Acrantophis dumerili, Dumeril's boas; Acrantophis madagascarensis, Madagascar boa; Sanzinia madagascarensis, Madagascar boomboa Terra 32 3 86-88 Acrantophis; Sanzinia Journal Article De Groot, Frank 1996 Zeg eens wat je bent zodat ze weten wat we zijn (oftewel hoe noem ik dat beest in me?) Terra 32 3 90-91 Journal Article de Groot, Frank 1996 Indrukken aangaande de bijeenkomst op 2 maart jl. van de Doelgroep Groene Leguanen in het Ouwehands dierenpak te Rhenen Terra 32 5 151-153 Iguana iguana Journal Article de Groot, Frank 1996 De Madagascarboa's Het Terrarium 13 7 4-6 Madagascar; Acrantophis; Sanzinia Journal Article de Groot, Frank 1996 Last in België Het Terrarium 13 9 24-28 Tasmania Journal Article de Groot, Frank 1996 Wij gingen even vereemd Het Terrarium 13 12 12-14 Journal Article De La Riva, I.;Márquez, R.;Bosch, J. 1996 The advertisment calls of three South American poison frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Dendrobatidae), with comments on their taxonomy and distribution Journal of Natural History 30 1413-1420 Journal Article de la Riva, Ignacio;Bosch, Jaime;Márquez, Rafael 1996 Advertisement calls of two Bolivian toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Bufo) Herpetological Journal 6 2 59-61 Bufo poeppigii; Bufo margaritifera; advertisement call Journal Article De la Riva, Ignacio 1996 The specific name of Adenomera (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Paraguay River Basin Journal of Herpetology 30 4 556-558 Adenomera; nomenclature; Adenomera diptyx; Adenomera hylaedactyla Journal Article De La Riva, Ignacio;Márquez, Rafael;Bosch, Jaime 1996 Advertisement calls of four Microhylid frogs from Bolivia (Amphibia, Anura) American Midland Naturalist 136 2 418-422 Journal Article De la Riva, I.;Márquez, R.;Bosch, J. 1996 The advertisement calls of three South American poison frogs, with comments on their taxonomy and distribution Journal of Natural History 30 1413-1420 Journal Article De la Riva, I.;Bosch, J.;Márquez, R. 1996 The advertisement calls of two bolivian species of toads (Anura: Bufonidae: Bufo) Herpetological Journal 6 2 59-61 advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo taxonomy, Bolivia Book De Lisle, Harold F. 1996 The Natural History of Monitor Lizards Malabar. Fl Krieger 201 Varanus Journal Article de Piceis Polver, Paola;Bernini, Franco;Barni, Sergio 1996 Ultrastructural changes of the air-blood barrier in the lund of Rana esculenta during natural hibernations Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 141-147 Rana esculenta; histology; air-blood barrier Journal Article de Queiroz, Alan;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis eques Herpetological Review 27 3 155 Book de Silva, Anslem 1996 Proposed Action Plan: Conservation, Restoration and Management of the Testudies and Their Habitats in Sri Lanka Peradeniya Privately Published 28 Book de Silva, Anslem 1996 The Herpetofauna of Sri Lanka: A Brief Review Peradeniya Privately Published 99, 14 plates Book de Silva, Anslem 1996 International Conference on the Biology & Conservation of the Amphibians & Reptiles of South Asia: Abstracts Peradeniya ARROS ii, 47 Book de Silva, Anslem 1996 International Conference on the Biology & Conservation of the Amphibians & Reptiles of South Asia: Abstracts Peradeniya ARROS ii, 47 p. Book De Silva, Anslem 1996 (1998) The Amphibia of Sri Lanka: A checklist and Annotated Bibliography Peradeniya Department of Wildlife Conservation Book de Silva, Anslem 1996-1998 "The Amphibia of Sri Lanka: A Checklist and an Annotated Bibliography," "The Testudies and Crocodilians of Sri Lanka: A checklist and an Annotated Bibliography," "Sauria (Lizards and Varanids of Sri Lanka: A Checklist and an Annotated Bibliography," and "Snakes of Sri Lanka: A Checklist and an Annotated Bibliography Colombo Department of Wildlife Conservation/UNDP/FAO 48; 42; 52; 112 Book de Silva, Anslem 1996-1998 The Testudies and Crocodilians of Sri Lanka: A checklist and an Annotated Bibliography. Colombo Department of Wildlife Conservation/UNDP/FAO 42 ? Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 General Care and Maintenance of Popular Tortoises Santee, CA Advanced Vivarium Systems 54 tortoises Book de Vosjoli, Philippe;Mailloux, Robert;Ready, Drew 1996 Care and Breeding of Popular Tree Frogs Santee, CA Advanced Vivarium Systems 80 Treefrogs Book de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 Naturalistic Vivarium Design Volume I. Desert Vivaria Santee, CA Advanced Vivarium Systems 64 Vivarium design Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 The cutting edge of herpetoculture Vivarium 8 2 22-38 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 Great tales of the mad gecko hunters: Island X and riding the waves at the Mouth of Death Vivarium 8 2 16-21 Rhacodactylus Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 Herp technology on the cutting edge Vivarium 8 2 40-43 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 The further reaches of herpetoculture Vivarium 8 1 21 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 Book review: A field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians in the Hawaiian Islands Vivarium 8 2 57 book review Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe;Garrett, Clay M. 1996 AFH guidelines for the responsible keeping of green iguanas Vivarium 7 6 41;44-45 Iguana iguana Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe;Mailloux, Robert 1996 A simple system for raising juvenile bearded dragons (Pogona) indoors Vivarium 7 6 42-44 Pogona Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 A naturalistic vivarium for small bearded dragons Vivarium 7 6 36-37 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe;Mailloux, Robert 1996 Species and morphs of bearded dragons Pogona in U.S. herpetoculture Vivarium 7 6 28-35 Pogona Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 Vivarium Plants Vivarium 7 5 22-26 Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 Step by step vivarium design: A simple system for the indoor maintenance of true chameleons Vivarium 7 5 14-15;17 Vivarium design Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 How to establish the ring-tailed bent-toed gecko Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis Vivarium 7 4 18-21 Cyrtodactylus louisiadensis Journal Article de Vosjoli, Philippe 1996 How to establish Rheinwardt's gliding treefrogs Rhacophorus rheinwardtii Vivarium 7 5 42-43 Rhacophorus rheinwardtii Journal Article de Vriendt, Erwin 1996 The boas of Madagascar Reptilian 4 9 58-61 Madagascar; Sanzinia madagascariensis; Acrantophis dumerili; Acrantophis madagascariensis Journal Article de Vriendt, Erwin 1996 De bezoeking 1. Naar het diepe zuiden Het Terrarium 13 8 11-13 Journal Article de Vriendt, Erwin 1996 De bezoeking 2. Opwaarts naar ridderkerk Het Terrarium 13 8 13-14 Journal Article de Vriendt, Erwin 1996 De bezoeking een andere provincie bezocht Het Terrarium 13 9 7-8 Journal Article de Vriendt, Erwin 1996 Onverwachte nakweek van Chameleo montium Het Terrarium 14 1 10-11 Chamaeleo montium Journal Article de Vriendt, Erwin 1996 Leiopython albertisii - an aggressive prefector Reptilian 4 8 23-27 Leiopython albertisii; Morelia albertisii Journal Article De Witte, Paul 1996 De anolissen van Guadeloupe 1995 [The anoles of Guadeloupe 1995] Terra 32 3 83-85 Anolis Journal Article Dearaujo, H.S.S.;White, S.P.;Ownby, C.L. 1996 CDNA cloning and sequence analysis of a lysine-49 phospholipase A(2) myotoxin from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus snake venom Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 326 1 21-30 phospholipase A(2); myotoxin; snake venom; modeling; Agkistrodon; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; TRIMERESURUS-FLAVOVIRIDIS VENOM; BOTHROPS-ASPER TERCIOPELO; PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE-A2; PISCIVORUS-PISCIVORUS; VIPERA-AMMODYTES; 2 SUBUNITS; HABU SNAKE; PROTEIN; PURIFICATION Journal Article Debelius, Helmut 1996 Seeschlangen TI Magazin 130 41-44 sea snakes Book Degenhardt, William G.;Painter, Charles W.;Price, Andrew H. 1996 Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico Albuquerque University of New Mexico Press xix + 504 + 56 plates New Mexico Journal Article Degeselle, René 1996 Éen uitstapje naar de Ardennen Terra 33 1 12-13 Journal Article Degheselle, René 1996 Mieren in het terrarium, goed of slecht? Terra 33 1 10-11 Journal Article Degheselle, René 1996 Verslag van Terra - A.S. Adventure affair. Uiteindelijk tock een Happy-end Terra 33 1 19 Journal Article Degheselle, René 1996 Hymenochirus curtipes (Dwergklauwkikker) Terra 32 1 9-12 Hymenochirus curtipes Journal Article Degheselle, Rene 1996 De Buidelkikker Gastrotheca peruana (Boulenger, 1900) [The marsupial frog Gastrotheca peruana (Boulenger, 1900] Terra 32 6 183-185 Gastrotheca peruana Journal Article Dejours, P.;Armand, J. 1996 Acid-base balance in plasmatic, pericardial and peritoneal fluids in 2 species of amphibians Comptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences Serie III - Sciences de La Vie - Life Sciences 319 8 693-697 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, urodela, Pleurodeles waltl, physiology, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, metabolic alkalosis, osmolality The carbonic acid-base balance and the concentrations of Na and CI were studied in 3 fluids, plasmatic, pericardial and peritoneal, sampled from 2 species of amphibians: Pleurodeles waltl and Xenopus laevis. In Pleurodeles the pericardial and peritoneal fluids are in a state of marked metabolic alkalosis, the carbonate alkalinity being up to IO times higher in the serosal fluids than in the plasma, whereas P-CO2's are very close in the 3 fluids. The CI concentration is markedly lower in the serosal fluids than in the plasma. In Xenopus, the metabolic alkalosis of the serosal fluids also exists, but to a much lower extent than in Pleurodeles. These observations lend to further researches in the field of morphometry, physicochemistry and physiology. P Dejours, Ctr Ecol Phys Energet, Upr 9010 CNRS 23, Rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France Journal Article Del Pino, E. M. 1996 The expression of Brachyury (T) during gastrulation in the marsupial frog Gastrotheca ribobambae Developmental Biology 177 64-68 Journal Article Delfino, Giovanni;Brizzi, Rossana;Melis, Guido 1996 Merocrine secretion from serous cutaneous glands in Rana esculenta complex and Rana iberica Alytes 13 4 179-192 Rana esculenta complex; Rana iberica; Merocrine secretion Journal Article Delis, Pablo R.;Summers, Adam P. 1996 Hyla gratiosa (Barking frog). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 1 18-19 Hyla gratiosa; Reproduction Journal Article Demirayak, F.;Ulas, E. 1996 Mass tourism in Turkey and its impact on the Mediterranean coast Journal Article Denton, Jonathan S.;Beebee, Trevor J. C. 1996 Double-clutching by natterjack toads Bufo calamita at a site in southern England Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 159-167 Bufo calamita; reproduction Journal Article Denton, Johnathan S.;Beebee, Trevor J. C. 1996 Habitat occupancy by juvenile natterjack toads (Bufo calamita) on grazed and ungrazed heathland Herpetological Journal 6 2 49-52 Grazing; Bufo calamita Journal Article Denzer, Wolfgang 1996 Reptilien und Amphibien der Santubong Halbinsel, Sarawak, Borneo Sauria 18 4 35-42 Borneo; Sarawak; Santubong Peninsula; Reptiles; Amphibia; Species accounts; Ecology; Conservation Journal Article DePari, Joseph A. 1996 Overwintering in the nest chamber by hatchling painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, in Northern New Jersey Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 5-12 Reptilia; Testudines; Emydidae; Chrysemys picta; Turtle; Hatchlings; Nests; Overwintering; Emergence; Nesting substrate; Hibernation; Ecology; USA Journal Article Deperno, Christopher S.;Cooper, William E., Jr 1996 Labial-licking for chemical sampling by the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) Journal of Herpetology 30 4 540-543 Chemoreception; Eublepharis macularius Journal Article Deshaw, B.;Schoenfeld, A.;Cook, R.A.;Haramati, N. 1996 Imaging of reptiles: A comparison study of various radiographic techniques Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 3 364-370 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, radiography, mammography, film, screen, contrast Mammographic techniques similar to those used in humans, produced with or without a special mammography unit, produce images of higher resolution and greater detail than traditional radiographic techniques. Many medical conditions can be easily diagnosed with fewer exposures if mammography techniques are used instead of standard radiographic techniques. In this study, we compared four radiographic techniques, based on image quality, for evaluation of bone and soft tissue in reptiles. Radiographs were obtained using Bucky and table-top techniques with a matched routine radiography film-screen combination and using mammography unit and table-top films with a matched mammography film-screen system. All four techniques were used on three small reptiles, and results were evaluated by 16 radiologists and veterinarians. Films produced using the matched mammography film-screen combination had greater resolution and detail and were considered superior to standard Bucky and table-top radiographs in the evaluation of bone and soft tissues in reptiles. B Deshaw,Albert Einstein Coll Med,Dept Radiol,111 E 210TH St,Bronx, NY 10467 USA Journal Article Dessauer, Herbert C.;Reeder, Tod W.;Cole, Charles J.;Knight, Alec 1996 Rapid Screening of DNA Diversity Using Dot-Blot Technology and Allele-Specific Oligonucleotides: Maternity of Hybrids and Unisexual Clones of Hybrid Origin (Lizards, Cnemidophorus ) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6 3 366-372 Journal Article Deuti, K. 1996 Ethological studies on the amphibians recorded from Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary, Nadia District, West Bengal Zoo's print 11 5 4-5 Bengal Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1996 La croissance La Tortue 36 4-9 Growth Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1996 Le pays aux deux visages La Tortue 35 28-29 Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1996 Darwin el les tortues La Tortue 35 4-9 Journal Article Devaux, Bernard 1996 L'Afrique du Sud La Tortue 35 16-27 South Africa; Conservation Journal Article DeWitt, Cheryl 1996 captive Husbandry and breeding of the Madagascaran gecko Homopholis boivini Dactylus 3 1 36-39 Homopholis boivini Book DGHT n.d. Krokodile: Grundlagen der Kroko-Haltung Rheinbach DGHT 4 Journal Article Di Cerbo, Anna Rita;Ferri, Vincenzo 1996 Situation and conservation problems of Bombina v. variegata in Lombardy, North Italy Naturschutzreport 11 1 204-214 Journal Article Di Cerbo, Anna Rita;Ferri, Vincenzo 1996 Preliminary data on the ecological observations of the Appennine yellow-bellied toad (Bombina pachypus) in Abruzzo, Central Italy Naturschutzreport 11 1 91-99 Journal Article Di Mauro, Peppe 1996 Clemmys insculpta la prima della classe ReptiMagazine 2 2 12-13 Clemmys insculpta Journal Article Di Mauro, Giuseppe 1996 L'alligatore ReptiMagazine 2 3 10-13 Journal Article Di Mauro, Giuseppe 1996 Clemmys guttata ReptiMagazine 2 1 25-27 Clemmys guttata Journal Article Di Mauro, Peppe 1996 Chelydra serpentina "amici al primo morso" ReptiMagazine 2 2 9-11 Chelydra serpentina Journal Article Di Tizio, Luciano 1996 Il genere Cuora ovvero le "testuggini scatola" asiatiche ReptiMagazine 2 1 19-20 Cuora Journal Article Di Tizio, Luciano 1996 Chinemys reevesi la "testuggine acuatica cinese" ReptiMagazine 2 2 14-15 chinemys reevesi Journal Article Di Tizio, Luciano 1996 Cyclemys dentata la "tartaruga foglia" ReptiMagazine 2 3 20-22 Cyclemys dentata Journal Article di-Bernado, Marcos 1996 A new species of the neotropical snake genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894 from southeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Colubridae) The Snake 27 120-126 Systematics, new species, southeastern Brazil A new species of the neotropical snake Echinanthera Cope, 1894, is described from southeastern Brazil. The new species differs from others of its species by the color pattern of the neck and features of the hemipenis. Journal Article Di-Bernardo, Marcos 1996 (1997) A new species of the neotropical snake genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894 from southeastern Brazil (Serpentes, Colubridae) The Snake 27 2 120-126 Journal Article Diagne, Tomas 1996 Sénégal: an IV La Tortue 35 12-13 Senegal Journal Article Dial, Benjamin E.;Schwenk, Kurt 1996 Olfaction and predator detection in Coleonyx brevis (Squamata: Eublepharidae), with comments on the functional significance of buccal pulsing in geckos Journal of Experimental Zoology 276 415-424 Journal Article Dial, B. E.;Schwenk, K. 1996 Olfaction and predator detection in Coleonyx brevis (Squamata: Eublapharidae), with comments on the functional significance of buccal pulsing in geckos Journal of Experimental Biology 276 415-424 Gekkonidae, predation, escape, chemosensory Journal Article Dick, Alexander 1996 Die Carolina-dosenschildkröte TI Magazin 128 43-45 Terrapene carolina Journal Article Dickinson, Vanessa M.;Jarchow, James L.;Trueblood, Mark H. 1996 Health studies of free-ranging Sonoran Desert Tortoises in Arizona Arizona Game and Fish Department Technical Report 24 vi + 1-79 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Dierenfeld, Ellen S.;Fitzpatrick, Marianne P.;Douglas, Tara C.;Dennison, Stacey A. 1996 Mineral concentrations in whole mice and rats used as food Zoo Biology 15 83-88 Diet; Minerals; Nutrition; Trace elements; Whole prey Book Section Dierking, Uwe 1996 Erfahrungen mit der Aufstellung und Umsetzung des Schleswig-Holsteinischen Artenhilfsprogramms Rotbauchunke Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 117-122 Bombina bombina; Germany; Status Journal Article Diethelm, G.;Stauber, E.;Tillson, M.;Ridgley, S. 1996 Tracheal resection and anastomosis for an intratracheal chondroma in a ball python Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209 4 786 Reptilia, serpentes, ball python, pathology, tumor, neoplasia, chondroma, surgery, trachea Techniques for tracheal resection and anastomosis in dogs and cats are readily applied in the treatment of tracheal disease of reptiles. To our knowledge tracheal chondromas have not been reported in reptiles and are only rarely diagnosed in dogs and cats. G Diethelm, Long Beach Anim Hosp, 3816 E Anaheim St, Long Beach, CA 90804 USA Journal Article Dietrich, Norbert 1996 Amphigonia retardata dei der Grünen Wassernatter (Nerodia cyclopion floridana) nach fünfjähriger Terrarienhaltung Elaphe 4 4 13 Amphiogonia retardata; Nerodia cyclopion floridana Journal Article Diller, Lowell V.;Wallace, Richard L. 1996 Distribution and habitat of Rhyacotriton variegatus in managed, young growth forestd in north coastal California Journal of Herpetology 30 2 184-191 Rhyacotriton variegatus; distribution; habitat Journal Article Diller, Lowell V.;Wallace, Richard L. 1996 Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucus) in southwestern Idaho Herpetologica 52 3 343-360 Crotalus viridis; Pituophis melanoleucus; Serpentes; resource partitioning; niche overlap; comparative ecology; lifhistory; Idaho Journal Article Diller, L. V.;Wallace, R. L. 1996 Comparative ecology of two snake species (Crotalus viridis and Pituophis melanoleucas) in southwestern Idaho Herpetologica 52 343-360 snakes, ecology temperate, Idaho Journal Article Dimatteo, L.;Vallarino, M.;Pierantoni, R. 1996 Localization of GnRH molecular forms in the brain, pituitary, and testis of the frog, Rana esculenta Journal of Experimental Zoology 274 1 33-40 GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ANDROGEN LEVELS; MULTIPLE FORMS; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; LHRH; HYPOTHALAMUS; ADULT; NEUROHYPOPHYSIS Journal Article Dirk, Manuela 1996 Vogelspinnen Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 6-11 Journal Article Disi, Ahmad M.;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Zoogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of Syria, with additional new records Herpetozoa 9 1/2 63-70 Syria; herpetofauna; zoogeography; Emys orbicularis; Acanthodactylus opheodurus; Acanthodactylus schreiberi; Pseuotrapelus sinaitus; Uromastyx aegyptia; Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus Journal Article Disi, Ahmad M. 1996 A contribution to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of Jordan. VI. The Jordanian Herpetofauna as a zoogeographic indicator Herpetozoa 9 1/2 71-81 Jordan; Zoogeography; herpetofauna; relict species; endemic species Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1996 Amphibian healthcare Reptilian 4 9 64-67 Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1996 Reptile cruelty Reptilian 4 8 55-57 Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1996 The structure and diseases of the chelonian shell Reptilian 4 6 51-55 Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1996 Paralysis in Reptiles Reptilian 4 2 56-58 Paralysis Journal Article Divers, Stephen 1996 Captive care and maintenance of the green iguana Rephiberary 1996 221 2-4;12 Iguana iguana Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1996 Reproductive biology and reproductive problems of boas and pythons Reptilian 4 4 52-58 Journal Article Divers, Stephen 1996 Book review: Iguana iguana: Guide for Successful Captive Care Reptilian 4 5 7 Book review Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1996 The snake mite Reptilian 4 3 55-58 Mites Journal Article Divers, Stephen J. 1996 Reptile E.R. (Emergency Room) Reptilian 4 5 51-55 Journal Article Divers, S.J.;Redmayne, G.;Aves, E.K. 1996 Haematological and biochemical values of 10 green iguanas (Iguana iguana) Veterinary Record 138 9 203-205 Reptilia, sauria, Iguana iguana, blood, haematology, values, Ten clinically healthy green iguanas (Iguana iguana) imported from South America were examined, and haematological and biochemical measurements were made on samples of blood. This paper describes the methods of blood sampling, handling and laboratory analysis, and presents the results as a set of normal blood ranges for the green iguana. Journal Article Divers, S.J. 1996 Ultraviolet lights for reptiles Veterinary Record 138 25 627-628 Reptilia, sauria, physiology, light, ultraviolet SJ Divers, Elands Vet Clin, Stn Rd, Dunton Green, Sevenoaks TN13 2XA, Kent, England Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer Herpetological Review 27 1 35 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Terrapene ornata ornata Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Trachemys scripta elegans Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana catesbeiana Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Chelydra serpentina serpentina Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo woodhousii woodhousii Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article Dixon, James R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Acris crepitans blanchardi Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article Dixon, James R. 1996 Ten year supplement to Texas herpetological county records published in "Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas," 1987 Texas Herpetological Society Special Publicaton 2 1-64 Journal Article Dixon, James R. 1996 Ten year supplement to Texas herpetological county records published in Amphibians and Reptiles of Texas, 1987 Texas Herpetological Society Special Publication 2 2-64 Journal Article Díaz, José A.;Díaz-Uriarte, Ramón;Rodríguez, Alejandro 1996 Influence of behavioral thermoregulation on the use of vertical surfaces by Iberian wall lizards Podarcis hispanica Journal of Herpetology 30 4 548-552 behavioral thermoregulation; thermoregulation; Podarcis hispanica Journal Article Díaz, José A.;Bauwens, Dirk;Asensio, Benigno 1996 A comparative study of the relation between heating rates and ambient temperatures in lacertid lizards Physiological Zoology 69 6 1359-1383 Journal Article Djorovic, Ana;Kalezic, Milos L. 1996 Paedomorphosis and morphometric variability: ontogenetic allometry in European newts of the genus Triturus Spixiana 19 3 315-326 ljkaca@ibiss.bg.ac.yu Journal Article Dobie, James L. 1996 Lepidochelys kempii (Kemp's Ridley turtle). Feeding on insects Herpetological Review 27 4 199 Journal Article Dobie, James L.;Leary, Christopher J.;Davis, Aubrey E. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Graptemys ouachitensis ouachitensis Herpetological Review 27 2 87 Journal Article Dobie, James L.;Leary, Christopher J.;Golden, Jeffery 1996 Geographic Distribution. Apalone ferox Herpetological Review 27 2 87 Journal Article Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr 1996 Use of terrestrial habitats by amphibians in the sandhill uplands of north-central Florida Alytes 14 1 42-52 Florida; Habitat use Journal Article Doles, Mark W.;painter, Charles W.;Gorum, L. William 1996 Eumeces multivirgatus (Many-lined skink). Clutch size Herpetological Review 27 4 201 Journal Article Dollahon, N. R.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Russell, Anthony P. 1996 Haemoparasitic protozoans (Plasmodiidae and Haemogregarinidae) from a New Caledonian gekkonid lizard, Rhacodactylus leachianus Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 2104-2108 Journal Article Donelly, M 1996 Interamerican Convention on Sea Turtles Journal Article Dong, Zhang Zhen 1996 Tourist development for Chinese alligators Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 5-6 Journal Article Donnelly, Mauren A. 1996 Book review: Tracking the Vanishing Frogs Copeia 1996 4 1054-1056 Book review Journal Article Donnelly, Marydele 1996 Evolution of the Western Hemishpere sea turtle treaty Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 18-20 Journal Article Donoghue, Susan 1996 Nutritional status of tortoises using morphometrics to assess body condition Vivarium 8 2 46-49 Journal Article Donoghue, S. 1996 Veterinary nutritional management of amphibians and reptiles Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208 11 1816-1820 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, amphibia, management, food, feeding S Donoghue/Nutr Support Serv Inc/Walkabout Farm/Rte 1/Box 189/Pembroke, VA 24136 USA Journal Article Donoho, Ron;Hobert, Justin;Montgomery, Chad;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eumeces obsoletus Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article Donohue, Susan 1996 Jackson's Chameleons Chamaeleo jacksonii indoor care, feeding and breeding Vivarium 8 1 6-13 Chamaeleo jacksonii Journal Article Donovan, Paul 1996 A herp from a bygone era: the tuatara Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 74-78 Sphenodon punctatus Journal Article Donovan, Paul 1996 An Australian favorite: White's treefrog Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 72-76 Litoria caerulea Journal Article Doody, J. Sean;Brauman, Robert J.;Young, Jeanne E.;Fiorillo, Riccardo A. 1996 Farancia abacura. Death feigning Herpetological Review 27 2 82-83 Journal Article Doody, J. Sean 1996 Larval growth rate of known age Ambystoma opacum in Louisiana under natural conditions Journal of Herpetology 30 2 294-297 Ambystoma opacum; larval growth rate Journal Article Doody, J. Sean 1996 Summers with softshells Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 7 132-133 Journal Article Doody, J. Sean;Anderson, Richard E.;Richardson, Cliff S. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Apalone spinifera pallida Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Doody, J. S.;Brauman, R. J.;Young, J. E.;Fiorillo, R. A. 1996 Farancia abacura (mud snake). Death feigning. Herpetological Review 27 2 82-83 behavior, Farancia abacura Journal Article Dorcas, Michael 1996 Studying rubber boa thermal ecology in Idaho Pacific Northwest Herpetological Society Newsletter 11 1 9-10 Charina bottae Journal Article Dore, M. P. O. 1996 Status of crocodiles in Nigeria Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 2 15-16 Journal Article Dorge, Ray 1996 A tour of the Grand Cayman blue iguana (Cyclura nubila lewisi) captive-breeding facility Reptiles 4 9 32-42 Cyclura nubila lewisi Journal Article Dorizzi, M.;Richard-Mercier, N.;Pieau, C. 1996 The ovary retains male potential after the thermosensitive period for sex determination in the turtle Emys obicularis Differentiation 60 193-201 tsd; aromatase Journal Article Dorrough, J. W.;Close, P.;Williams, L. 1996 Rediscovery of the striped legless lizard Delma impar (Pygopodidae), on the Monaro Plains of NSW Herpetofauna 26 2 52-53 Delma impar; Australia Journal Article Dorvalina Silva, M.;Resende, L. A.;Kimuni Ueda, A.;Barraviera, B.;Mendes, R. P.;Montenegro, M. R. 1996 [Neuromuscular action of crotalid venoms: preliminary data] Arq Neuropsiquiatr 54 1 1-11 We studied 6 patients and 2 dogs that have been bitten by South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus and one rabbit inoculated with crotalid venom. We analyzed sensory and motor peripheral nerve conduction, repetitive stimulation for studying neuromuscular transmission and electromyographies. Muscle biopsies were processed by histochemistry. All patients had peripheral mononeuropathy of the closest sensitive nerve to the area of snakebite. The neuromuscular transmission alterations were minimal. Muscle histochemistry of 4 patients, 2 dogs and 1 rabbit showed findings of mitochondrial myopathy. The majority of authors admit that crotalid venom causes myastenic syndrome. Our findings suggest that palpebral ptosis, myastenic facies and muscular weakness observed after crotalid poisoning are, probably, due to transient and reversible mitochondrial myopathy. As far as we know, this is the first report on the ability of the venom of this rattlesnake to cause local sensitive mononeuropathy and the first muscle histochemistry showing mitochondrial myopathy in humans poisoned by crotalid venom. Journal Article Douglas, R. M. 1996 Book review: Revision of the Neotropical Snake genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae) Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 1 38-39 Book review Journal Article Dowling, Richard G. 1996 The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, in Prattville, Alabama Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21 11 203 Hemidactylus turcicus Journal Article Downer, Sorrel 1996 Iguana: Survival of the tastiest Iguana Times 5 1 16-18 Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1996 A new example of female parental behaviour in Leptodactylus validus, a frog of the Leptodactylid 'melanonotus' species group Herpetological Journal 6 1 32-34 Leptodactylus validus Journal Article Downie, J. R. 1996 A new example of female parental behaviour in Leptodactylus validus, a frog of the leptodactylid melanonotus species group Herpetological Journal 6 32-34 Journal Article Drake, Dana L. 1996 marine turtle nesting, nest predation, hatch frequency, and nesting seasonality on the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 89-92 Reptilia; Testudines; Chelonidae; Nesting; predation Journal Article Drewes, R.C.;Altig, R. 1996 Anuran egg predation and heterocannibalism in a breeding community of east African frogs Tropical Zoology 9 333-347 oophagy, Hyperoliidae, Rhacophoridae, reproduction Journal Article Drost, Charles A.;Fellers, Gary M. 1996 Collapse of a regional frog fauna in Yosemite area of the California Sierra Nevada, USA Cinservation Biology 10 414 - 425 Amphibian Journal Article Duc, Le Dien;Broad, Steven 1996 Exploitation of hawksbill turtles in Vietnam Reptilian 4 5 43-47 Eretmochelys imbricata Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Yoshpa, Michael 1996 A new species of Tepuihyla (Anura: Hylidae) from Guyana Herpetologica 52 2 275-281 Anura; Hylidae; Guyana; New species; Tepuihyla talbergae sp. nov. Journal Article Duellman, William E.;Thomas, Richard 1996 Anuran amphibians from a seasonally dry forest in southeastern Peru and comparisons of the anurans among sites in the Upper Amazon Basin Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 180 1-34 Journal Article Duellman, William;Thomas, Richard 1996 Anuran amphibians from a seasonally dry forest in southeastern Peru and comparisons of the anurans among sites in the Upper Amazon Basin Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 180 1-34 anura, Amazon basin, peru, taxonomy, biogeography Journal Article Duellman, W. E.;Thomas, R. 1996 Anuran amphibians from a seasonally dry forest in southeastern Peru and comparisons of the anurans among sites in the upper Amazon Basin Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum, University of Kansas 180 1-34 tropics, list, frog, toad, assemblage, survey Journal Article Dunayev, Evgeniy A. 1996 Cranial characteristics of salamanders (Caudata) in the fauna of the former Soviet Union Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 27-46 Triturus; Salamandrella; Ranodon; Onychodactylus; Salamandra; Mertensiella Journal Article Dunayev, E. A. 1996 On the possible use of the Ethological features in the taxonomy and phylogeny of toad agamas, Phrynocephalus (Reptilia, Agamidae) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 32-38 Phrynocephalus; Phylogeny; Ethology Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Typhlops ater Herpetological Review 27 3 155 Journal Article Dundee, Harold A. 1996 Some reallocations of type localities of reptiles and amphibians described from the Major Stephen H. long Expedition to the Rocky mountains, with comments on some of the statements made in the account written by Edwin James Tulane Studies in Zoology 30 2 75-89 Journal Article Dunham, Terry 1996 Marvelous mutants: Honduran milksnakes Reptilian 4 7 36-37 Lampropeltis triangulum hondurensis Journal Article Dunlap, Kent D.;Sanchiz, Borja 1996 Temporal dissociation between the development of the cranial and appendicular skeletons in Bufo bufo (Amphibia: Bufonidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 4 506-513 Bufo bufo; skeletal ossification Journal Article Dure, Marta I.;Kehr, Arturo I. 1996 Bufo paracnemis (Kururu Guazu, Sapo Buey, Sapo Rococo). Diet Herpetological Review 27 3 138 Journal Article Durtsche, Richard D. 1996 A capture technique for small smooth-scaled lizards Herpetological Review 27 1 12-13 Capture Techniques Book Dutta, Sushil K.;Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum 1996 The Amphibians Fauna of Sri Lanka Colombo, Sri Lanka Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka 230 Journal Article Dutton, M.A. 1996 Reptile, Amphibian Care Sheet - Mouth Rot (Infectious Stomatitis) Exotic Pet Practice 1 8 6 serpentes Journal Article Dutton, P.H.;Davis, S.K.;Guerra, T.;Owens, D. 1996 Molecular phylogeny for marine turtles based on sequences of the ND4-Leucine tRNA and control regions of mitochondrial DNA Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5 3 511-521 loggerhead; Green; leatherback; hawksbill; ridley; flatback; DNA Journal Article Dzukic, Georg;Kalezic, Milos;Aleksic, Ivan;Crnobrnja, Jelka 1996 Green frogs exploited in the former Yugoslavia Froglog 1996 19 3-4 Yugoslavia; Rana ridibunda; Rana lessonae; Rana kl. esculenta Journal Article Dzukic, Georg;Djorovic, Ana;Kalezic, Milos L.;Aleksic, I.;Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka 1996 (1997) The mosor lizard occurs also in the Prokletije Mountain Massif University Thought, Nat. Sci. 3 2 61-62 georg@ibiss.bg.ac.yu Journal Article Echeverría, D. D. 1996 Microscopía electrónica de barrido del aparato bucal y de la cavidad oral de la larva de Hyla strigilata eringiophila Gallardo, 1961 (Anura, Hylidae) con comentarios que facilitan su identifición durante la metamorphosis y postmetamorphosis Physis 54B 1-6 Journal Article Eckert, Scott A.;Liew, Hock-Chark;Eckert, Karen L.;Chan, Eng-Heng 1996 Shallow water diving by leatherback turtles in the South China Sea Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 237-243 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; dive behavior; dive depth; dive duration; Malaysia Journal Article Edwards, Jon;Deas, John 1996 The monitors seen during a short trip to Singapore and West java Varanews 4 4 3-5 Varanus Journal Article Egert-Müller, Joan 1996 Boidos: Los señores de los árboles Reptilia 2 4 34-38 Journal Article Egert-Müller, Joan 1996 El terrario tropical Reptilia 2 4 7-8 Book Eggenschwiler-Leu, Ursula 1996 Die Landschildkröten in der tierärztlichen Praxis: Informationen für den Praktiker [Tortoises in the Veterinary Practice: Information for the Practitioner] Siblinger, Germany Ursula Eggenschwiler 73 Veterinary medicine; Tortoises Journal Article Eggleston, Doug 1996 An independent product test [Snake Steak Sausages] Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 5 5 5-6 Journal Article Eggleston, Doug 1996 Book Review: Monkeys on the interstate Reptile Report: The Blue Ridge Herpetological Society Newsletter 5 5 8 Book Review Journal Article Eggleston, Douglas 1996 Herping on a budget Reptiles 4 3 70-72 Journal Article Egler, Silvia G.;Oliveira, M. Ermelinda;Martins, Marcio 1996 Bothrops atrox (Common lancehead). Foraging behavior and ophiophagy Herpetological Review 27 1 22-23 Bothrops atrox; ophiophagy Journal Article Ehmann, Harald 1996 Book review: A guide to the Reptiles and Frogs of the Perth Region Herpetofauna 26 1 51-52 Book review Journal Article Ehrig, Robert W. 1996 Cyclura forest habitat Iguana Times 5 3 58-62 Cyclura; habitat Journal Article Eidbo, Joel 1996 Una recesión de 10 revistas herpetológicas Reptilia 2 3 10-12 Journal Article Eidenmüller, Bernd 1996 Keeping and breeding the Aru black tree monitor Varanus beccarii (Doria, 1874) Reptiles 4 12 76-83 Varanus beccarii Journal Article Eidenmüller, Berno 1996 Bemerkungen zur Nachzucht von Heloderma suspectum (Cope, 1869) Elaphe 4 2 2-4 Heloderma suspectum; breeding Journal Article Eifler, Douglas A. 1996 Experimental manipulation of spacing patterns in the widley foraging lizard Cnemidophorus uniparens Herpetologica 52 4 477-486 Cnemidophorus uniparens; food supplementation; lizard; foraging mode; spacing Journal Article Eisenberg, Tobias;Köhler, Gunther 1996 Lebensweise, pflege und nachzucht von Sceloporus squamosus Bocourt, 1874 [Ecology, husbandry, and breeding of Sceloporus squamosus Bocourt, 1874] Sauria 18 1 11-14 Reptilia; Squamata; Sauria; Phrynosomatidae; Sceloporinae; Sceloporus squamosus; Field observations; Husbandry; Breeding Journal Article Eldredge, L. G. 1996 Caroline Islands crocodile records Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 8 Journal Article Ellengren, H.;Gustafsson, L.;Sheldon, B.C. 1996 Sex ratio adjustment in relation to paternal attractiveness in a wild bird population Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93 11723-11728 sex ratio Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B. 1996 Phylogenies and physiological processes-the evolution of sexual dimorphism in Southeast Asian frogs Systematic Biology 45 3 278-289 Frog; Rana; Hormone; sexual dimorphism; parental care; phylogeny Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B. 1996 Phylogenies and physiological processes--the evolution of sexual dimorphism in southeast Asian frogs Systematic Biology 45 278-289 Rana, androgen, hormone, parental care Journal Article Emerson, Sharon B.;Hess, David L. 1996 The role of androgens in opportunistic breeding, tropical frogs General and Comparative Endocrinology 103 220-230 corticosterone, testosterone Journal Article en Ben Lotte, José 1996 Taxonomy and determination of Boa constrictor Litteratura Serpentium 16 3 78-81 Boa constrictor Journal Article Encalada, S.E.;Lahanas, P.N.;Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B.;Miyamoto, M.M.;Bowen, B.W. 1996 Phylogeography and population structure of th Atlantic and Mediterranean green turtle Chelonia mydas: a mitochondrial DNA control region sequence assessment Molecular Ecology 5 473-483 green; dna Journal Article Enge, Kevin M.;Cailteux, Richard L.;Nordhaus, Jeffery J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Graptemys barbouri Herpetological Review 27 3 150-151 Book Section Engel, Hartmut 1996 Untersuchungen zur Ökologie an einer Population der Rotbauchunke des mittleren Elbtals (Niedersachsen) Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 6-13 Bombina bombina; Germany; Ecology; Reproductive biology Journal Article Engeman, Richard M.;Rodda, Gordon H.;Rodriguez, Daniel V.;Linnell, Michael A. 1996 Brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) cannibalism The Snake 27 2 149-152 Journal Article Erickson, Gregory M. 1996 Toothlessness in american alligators, Alligator mississippiensis Copeia 1996 3 739-743 Alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Erickson, G.M.;Van Kirk, S.D.;Su, J.;Levenson, M.E.;Caler, W.E.;Carter, D.R. 1996 Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones Nature 382 706-708 AM, food, bite, Journal Article Erickson, G. M. 1996 Incremental lines of von Ebner in dinosaurs and the assessment of tooth replacement rates using growth line counts Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 25 14623-7 Animal; Dentition, Permanent; *Evolution; *Paleodontology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; *Tooth Dinosaur dentine exhibits growth lines that are tens of micrometers in width. These laminations are homologous to incremental lines of von Ebner found in extant mammal and crocodilian teeth (i.e., those of amniotes). The lines likely reflect daily dentine formation, and they were used to infer tooth development and replacement rates. In general, dinosaur tooth formation rates negatively correlated with tooth size. Theropod tooth replacement rates negatively correlated with tooth size, which was due to limitations in the dentine formation rates of their odontoblasts. Derived ceratopsian and hadrosaurian dinosaurs retained relatively rapid tooth replacement rates through ontogeny. The evolution of dental batteries in hadrosaurs and ceratopsians can be explained by dentine formation constraints and rapid tooth wear. In combination with counts of shed dinosaur teeth, tooth replacement rate data can be used to assess population demographics of Mesozoic ecosystems. Finally, it is of historic importance to note that Richard Owen appears to have been the first to observe incremental lines of von Ebner in dinosaurs more than 150 years ago. Journal Article Erickson, G.M. 1996 Toothlessness in American alligators, Alligator mississippiensis Copeia 1996 3 739-743 AM, food, anatomy, age, Journal Article Erickson, G.M. 1996 Daily deposition of dentin in juvenile alligator and assessment of tooth replacement rates using incremental line counts J. Morph. 228 2 189-194 AM, CCR, biochermistry, food, Incremental lines were found in the dentine of Alligator mississippiensis and Caiman crocodilus. Fluorochrome markers indicate that these increments form daily in juvenile alligators. By counting the total number of incremental lines in a functional tooth and subtracting the number in the successive replacement tooth, it is possible to ascertain the replacement rate for the tooth position. Counts done on teeth of mean size for individuals give reasonable estimates of the mean replacement rates for the entire dentition. The tooth replacement rates were monitored for 11 months in juvenile alligators to test this methodology. The hypothesized reduction of tooth replacement rate with ontogeny was supported. Book Ernst, Carl H.;Zug, George R. 1996 Snakes in Question Washington, DC Smithsonian Institution Press 203 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H. 1996 Book review: The Reptiles of Virginia Herpetological Review 27 3 158-159 Book review Journal Article Ernst, Mark 1996 Aggressieve leguanen Het Terrarium 14 7 4 Journal Article Ernst, Carl H.;Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1996 Hydromedusa maximiliani. Epizoic commensal Herpetological Review 27 2 76-77 Journal Article Ernst, Mark 1996 Tomatenkikkers: Kikkers van het genus Dyscophus Grandidier 1872 Het Terrarium 13 11 14-20 Dyscophus Journal Article Ernst, Mark 1996 Een Ernstig woordje: Ademen kikkers? Het Terrarium 14 1 12 Journal Article Espinoza, Robert E.;Lobo, Fernando 1996 Possible communal nesting in two species of Liolaemus lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from northern Argentina Herpetological Natural History 4 1 65-68 Liolaemus; communal nesting Journal Article Essner, Rick;Hendershott, A. J. 1996 County records for reptiles and amphibians in Missouri found in the Vertebrate Museum at Southeast Missouri State UIniversity Herpetological Review 27 4 218 Journal Article Esteban, M.;Garciaparis, M.;Castanet, J. 1996 Use of bone histology in estimating the age of frogs (Rana perezi) from a warm temperate climate area Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 74 10 1914-1921 Amphibia, anura, Bufo bufo, growth, age, longevity, skeleton The structure and the histological expression of annual bone growth marks of Iberian water frogs (Rana perezi) from a warm temperate climate region (southwestern Spain) differ markedly from the pattern observed in colder climate populations. Forty-eight percent of winter growth marks appeared to be annuli; 52% are lines of arrested growth but 20% of these are weakly expressed. Annuli or lines of arrested growth were very diffuse or absent in 7% of the 103 individuals studied, suggesting that variations in climate have a stronger influence on growth-mark formation than was previously considered. Males and females are sexually mature in their second year, although some males mature at 1 year of age and some females at 3 years. The oldest males were 3 years old, 1 year younger than males from northern populations. The oldest female was 6 years old. The wide range of body sizes among the 1-year-old froglets can be explained by the extended period of metamorphosis, from July to November. J Castanet,Univ Paris 07,Ura 1137 CNRS,Case 7077,2 Pl Jussieu,F-75005 Paris, France Journal Article Estrada, Alberto R.;Hedges, S. Blair 1996 At the lower size limit in tetrapods: A new diminutive frog from Cuba (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) Copeia 1996 4 852-859 Eleutherodactylus iberia sp. nov.; new species; Cuba; Size; miniaturization; natural history Journal Article Estrada, Alberto R.;Hedges, S. Blair 1996 A new frog of the genus Eleutherodactuls from eastern Cuba (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Herpetologica 52 3 435-439 Caribbean; West indies; Systematics; Vocalization; Life history; Eleutherodactylus tetajulia sp. nov. Journal Article Evans, Murray;Lampo, Margarita 1996 Diet of Bufo marinus in Venezuela Journal of Herpetology 30 1 73-76 Bufo marinus; Diet; Venezuela Journal Article Evans, A. Lelania;Forester, Don C. 1996 Conspecific recognition by Desmognathus ochrophaeus using substrate-borne oder cues Journal of Herpetology 30 3 447-451 Desmognathus ochrophaeus; conspecific recognition; olfaction; phermones Journal Article Evans, Murray;Yáber, Carolina;Hero, Jean-Marc 1996 Factors influencing choice of breeding site by Bufo marinus in its natural habitat Copeia 1996 4 904-912 Bufo marinus; Venezuela; breeding site Journal Article Evans, Susan E.;Milner, Andrew R. 1996 A metamorphosed salamander from the early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 351 627-646 Journal Article Evans, S. E.;Milner, A. R.;Werner, C. 1996 Sirenid salamanders and a gymnophionan amphibian from the cretaceous of the Sudan Palaeontology 39 1 77-95 KABABISHA HUMARENSIS new genus new species; KABABISHA SUDANENSIS new genus new species; FOSSIL; DESCRIPTION; MORPHOLOGY; TAXONOMY; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION A vertebrate assemblage from the Cenomanian of Wadi Milk, northern Sudan, includes material of all three major groups of lissamphibian, namely frogs, salamanders and gymnophionans, of which the latter two groups are described in this work. The productive horizons in the Wadi Milk Formation are lacustrine and the vertebrates are represented by isolated elements. The salamander material is described as Kababisha humarensis gen. et sp. nov. and Kababisha sudanensis gen. et sp. nov. and is referred to the family Sirenidae. Kababisha is the earliest sirenid genus, the first sirenid to be recognized outside North America, and is only the second fossil salamander genus to be reported from the African Plate, Ramonellus from Israel being the first. It is suggested that the recently described Noterpeton, from the Maastrichtian of Bolivia, is also a sirenid and that the Noterpetontidae is a junior synonym of the Sirenidae. The gymnophionan is represented by four trunk vertebrae and is strictly indeterminate within the Gymnophiona, although the vertebrae bear a non-derived resemblance to those of the dermophine Caeciliidae found in Africa. It is the oldest gymnophionan material from Gondwana, the first fossil gymnophionan from Africa and the earliest gymnophionan with holospondylous vertebrae. Journal Article Ewert, Michael A.;Wilson, Dawn S. 1996 Seasonal variation of embryonic diapause in the striped mud turtle (Kinosternon baurii) and general considerations for conservation planning Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 43-54 Reptilia; Testudines; Kinosternidae; Kinosternon baurii; Turtle; Development; Diapause; Incubation; Ecology; reproductive cycle; nesting; overwintering; conservation biology; USA Journal Article Ezendam, Thomas 1996 Pipa pipa Het Terrarium 13 11 32 Pipa pipa Journal Article Faber, Helmut 1996 Saisonale Dynamik der Geschlechterrealation beim Bergmolch, Triturus alpestris alpestris (Laurenti, 1768), im aquatischen Lebensraum (Caudata: Salamandridae) [Seasonal dynamics of the sex ratio of the Alpine newt, Triturus alpestris alpestris (Laurenti, 1768), in the aquatic habitat (Caudata: Salamandridae)] Herpetozoa 8 3/4 125-134 Triturus alpestris; sex ratio; seasonal dynamics; ecology; behavior; alpine environment; Styria; Austria Journal Article Fabrezi, Marissa;Alberch, Pere 1996 The carpal elements of anurans Herpetologica 52 2 188-204 Limb; hand; carpus; development; anuran; amphibian; evolution; homology Journal Article Fairchild, Lauren 1996 Big-top burmese enthusiast Reptiles 4 7 124 Journal Article Falcó, Guillem 1996 Mantenimento de tortugas Marginadas: experiencias en la reproducción Reptilia 2 4 60-63 Journal Article Fang, H.;Elinson., E. P. 1996 Patterns of distalless gene expression and inductive interaction in the head of the direct developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Developmental Biology 179 160-172 Journal Article Fankhauser, Glenn 1996 Snake hybrids: an interesting way to increase diversity Reptiles 4 8 48-54 Journal Article Farley, C. T.;Emshwiller, M. 1996 Efficiency of uphill locomotion in nocturnal and diurnal lizards Journal of Experimental Biology 199 587-592 Journal Article Farriols-Terrades, José Luis 1996 Alimento Vivo: Blaptica dubia Reptilia 2 4 68-69 Journal Article Fast, Frank M. 1996 The husbandry and breeding of a species of Afrodura, the African flat gecko Dactylus 3 1 9-12 Afrodura Journal Article Faust, Robert J.;Bayless, Mark K. 1996 Nile monitors: ecology morphology and husbandry Reptiles 4 11 68-83 Varanus niloticus Journal Article Fauth, John E.;Buchanan, Bryant W.;Wise, Sharon E.;Welter, Stephanie M.;Komoroski, Mark J. 1996 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis (Hellbender). Coloration Herpetological Review 27 3 135 Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1996 Captive growth of a carpet python Morelia spilota (Serpentes: Boidae) Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 7 3 169-176 Morelia spilota Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1996 Australian Theraphosid spiders in caprivity Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 15-20 Journal Article Fearn, Simon 1996 Captive growth of a carpet python morelia spilota Litteratura Serpentium 16 4 94-102 Morelia spilota Journal Article Fearn, Simon;Munday, Bruce 1996 Further evidence of orthopteran invertebrates as regular prey for the lowlands copperhead Austrelaps superbus (Serpentes: Elapidae) in Tazmania Herpetofauna 26 2 6-7 Austrelaps superbus; prey; insectivory Journal Article Fenolio, Danté 1996 A trip to Trinidad and Tobago in search of tropical anurans Vivarium 8 1 34-39 Trinidad; tobago Journal Article Fenolio, Danté;Ready, Michael 1996 California: The Ensatina State Vivarium 7 4 32-37;60 Lampropeltis triangulum gaigeae Journal Article Fenster, Thomas L. D.;Fenster, Charles B. 1996 Plethodon cinerus (Redback salamander). Predation Herpetological Review 27 4 194 Journal Article Ferguson, Gary 1996 Is multigeneration captive propagation of heliophilic chameleons feasible indoors? Vivarium 8 1 40-43 Chamaeleo pardalis Journal Article Ferguson, G.W.;Jones, J.R.;Gehrmann, W.H.;Hammack, S.H.;Talent, L.G.;Hudson, R.D.;Dierenfeld, E.S.;Fitzpatrick, M.P.;Frye, F.L.;Holick, M.F.;Chen, T.C.;Lu, Z.;Gross, T.S.;Vogel, J.J. 1996 Indoor husbandry of the panther chameleon Chamaeleo [Furcifer] pardalis: Effects of dietary vitamins A and D and ultraviolet irradiation on pathology and life-history traits Zoo Biology 15 3 279-299 Reptilia, sauria, chameleon, food, feeding, husbandry, management, vitamin A, vitamin D, UV-A, UV-B, growth, pathology, reproduction To assess the importance of diet and light for indoor maintenance, hatchling panther chameleons were reared for 1 year on crickets fed diets that differed in vitamin concentrations and in different light environments. Dietary transfer of vitamins from the cricket diet to the lizards via the crickets was quantified, as was UV irradiance. There was a statistically significant dietary enhancement of growth by both vitamins on males. UV-A irradiation significantly suppressed growth of females. Low vitamin A shortened life span and resulted in a number of gross and histological pathologies. Hepatocellular lipidosis, indicating a possible toxicosis, occurred with all diets and light treatments. Higher vitamin A resulted in mild soft-tissue mineralization, and high vitamin D shortened the life span of females. Low vitamin A drastically reduced reproduction in both sexes. The intermediate levels of dietary vitamins resulted in the best production of viable eggs by females. However, without high UV-B irradiation, all viable eggs died at term and contained different vitamin levels than hatching eggs from wild-caught females. Baseline levels of egg calcium are given for hatching eggs from wild-caught females. Modifications in current husbandry procedures are recommended. GW Ferguson, Texas Christian Univ, Dept Biol, FT Worth, TX 76129 USA Journal Article Ferraro, Christian 1996 Voer voor Dendrobatidae [Nourishment for Dendrobatidae] Terra 32 2 49-50 Dendrobatidae Journal Article Ferretti, P. 1996 Re-examining jaw regeneration in urodeles: what have we learnt? Int J Dev Biol 40 4 807-11 Animal; Extremities/physiology; Jaw/innervation/*physiology; Olfactory Pathways/physiology; *Regeneration/drug effects; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tretinoin/pharmacology; Urodela/*physiology Urodele amphibians can regenerate not only their limbs and tails, but also their upper and lower jaws rather faithfully. However, relatively few studies of jaw regeneration in amphibians have been carried out, especially in recent years. It is therefore important to reexamine thoroughly this regenerating system, since the advent of sophisticated morphological techniques and the development of molecular approaches offer the promise of renewed and rapid progress in our understanding of complex developmental problems such as this. This paper briefly reviews some of the early research on jaw regeneration, some of the fundamental questions which have been asked and have yet to be answered, and the work we have carried out in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying jaw regeneration in the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. In addition, some aspects of jaw regeneration will be discussed in relation to regeneration of the adult limb. Journal Article Ferri, Dino 1996 The Pope's tree viper Reptiles 4 2 68-71 trimeresurus popeorum Journal Article Ferrier, Wayne 1996 Salamander antipredator mechanisms Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 48-54 Anitpredator mechanisms; Defensive behavior Journal Article Ferrier, Wayne 1996 Poison frog toxins Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 74-76 Journal Article Ferrier, Wayne 1996 Natural history & captive care of Dendrobates auratus Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 68-74 Dendrobates auratus Journal Article Festa-Bianchet, M. 1996 Offspring sex ratio studies of mammals: does publication depend upon the quality of the research or the direction of the results? Ecoscience 3 1 42-44 sex ratio Journal Article Field, Deborah 1996 The eyes have it! A photographic study of reptile & amphibian eyes Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 60-63 Journal Article Filella, Eduard 1996 Gaudí und die Herpetologie Reptilia 1 1 58-63 Journal Article Filippi, Ernesto;Capula, Massimo;Luiselli, Luca;Agrimi, Umberto 1996 The prey spectrum of Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) and natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) in sympatric populations (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) [Das beutespektrum von Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) und Natrix tessellata (Laureni, 1768) in symatrischen populationen (Squamata: Serpentes: Colrubridae)] Herpetozoa 8 3/4 155-164 Natrix tessellata; Natrix natrix; feeding ecology; prey selection; niche partitioning; toad-eating; Mediterranean habitat; Italy Journal Article Fincke, Ola M. 1996 Larval behaviour of a giant damselfly: Territoriality or size-dependent dominance? Anim. Behav. 51 77-87 Megaloprepus coerulatus Journal Article Firmage, M.;Shine, R. 1996 Battles for mates and food: Intraspecific combat in island tigersnakes (Notechis ater) from southern Australia Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 55-65 Notechis ater; Island; combat Journal Article Fischer, Wagner A.;Gascon, Claude 1996 Oxybelis fulgidus (Green vine snake). Feeding behavior Herpetological Review 27 4 204 Journal Article Fisher, Robert N.;Shaffer, H. Bradley 1996 The decline of amphibians in California's Great Central Valley Conservation Biology 10 5 1387-1397 Amphibian decline; California Journal Article Fisher, Martin S. 1996 Herpetology & education Reptiles 4 7 24-30 Journal Article Fisher, R. N.;Shaffer., H. B. 1996 The decline of amphibians in California's Great Central Valley Conservation Biology 10 1387-1397 Journal Article Fitzgerald, Kevin T. 1996 Reptiles and cancer Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 14 1 3-4 Journal Article Fitzgerald, Tad 1996 How to set up & maintain a successful mouse colony Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 72-82 Journal Article Fitzimmons, Colin 1996 Tadpoles - and the role of the BHS Education Officer Rephiberary 1996 223 2-4 Book Section FitzSimmons, N.N.;C. Moritz, C.J. Limpus, J.D. Miller, C.J. Parmenter, R. Prince 1996 Comparative genetic structure of green, loggerhead, and flatback populations in Australia based on variable mtDNA and nDNA regions B.W. Bowen, W.N. Witzell Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation Genetics 25-32 Journal Article Flammang, Carmen 1996 Krokodil diepgevroren (gedood), warm aanbevolen [Crocodile deep-frozen (killed), hot recommended] Terra 32 1 20 Journal Article Flamme, Achim 1996 Vorstellung der in der Zuchtgemeinschaft Chamaeleonidae gezüchteten Chamäleonarten Teil IV. Brookesia thieli Brygoo & Domergue, 1969 [The Chameleons bred in the Breeding League Chamaeleonidae. Part IV. Brookesia thieli Brygoo & Domergue, 1969] Sauria 18 1 41-46 Reptilia; Squamata; Sauria; Chamaeleonidae; Brookesia thieli; husbandry; breeding; juveniles Journal Article Flamme, Achim 1996 Vorstellung der in der Zuchtgemeinschaft Chamaeleonidae gezüchteten Chamäleonarten Teil IV. Brookesia thieli Brygoo & Domerque, 1969 Sauria 18 1 41-46 Book Flank, Lenny, Jr. 1996 The Snake: An owner's guide to a happy healthy pet New York Howell Book House 126 Book Flank, Lenny, Jr. 1996 The Turtle: An owner's guide to a happy healthy pet New York Howell Book House 125 Book Fläschendräger, Axel;Wijffels, Leo 1996 Anolis: In Biotope und Terrarium Berlin Natur und Tier 207 Anolis Journal Article Fleetwood, J.N.;Munnell, J.F. 1996 Morphology of the airways and lung parenchyma in hatchlings of the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta Journal of Morphology 227 3 289-304 Reptilia, testudines, loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta., anatomy, airway, lung, parenchyma Light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the lungs of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta), hatchlings to be multichambered with several separate open chambers communicating with a cartilage-reinforced central intrapulmonary bronchus. This central bronchus is structurally analogous to an oversized mammalian respiratory bronchiole. The subsequent branching airways, chambers and niches, are in many ways structurally and functionally similar to mammalian alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs, respectively. The airways are lined by a pseudostratified, columnar epithelium comprised of ciliated, nonciliated secretory, and basal cells. Histochemically, the epithelium is found to contain cells secreting both sialomucins and sulfomucins, as well as a neutral serous secretion. Small granule cells, a type of neuroendocrine cell similar to those seen in mammals, are scattered among the other airway cells. The gas-exchange areas, termed ediculae, are lined by the respiratory type I and type II pneumocytes, as in mammals. Abundant smooth muscle is seen in the trabeculae and interedicular septa of the lung tissue. JF Munnell, Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat & Radiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA Journal Article Fleming, L. Vincent;Mearns, Barbara;Race, David 1996 Long term decline and potential for recovery in a small, isolated population of natterjack toads Bufo calamita Herpetological Journal 6 4 119-124 Bufo calamita; decline Journal Article Fletemeyer, John R. 1996 Guest Editorial: The shot heard around the world - Volusia Sea Turtle Suit Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 16-17 Journal Article Flores, A.;Leon-Olea, M.;Vega, R.;Soto, E. 1996 Histochemistry and role of nitric oxide synthase in the amphibian (Ambystoma tigrinum) inner ear Neurosci Lett 205 2 131-4 Ambystoma/*metabolism; Animal; Electrophysiology; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology; Evoked Potentials/drug effects; Hair Cells, Vestibular/drug effects/enzymology; Histocytochemistry; Labyrinth/cytology/*enzymology; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/enzymology; Neurons, Efferent/drug effects/enzymology; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/*metabolism; Nitroarginine/pharmacology; NADPH Dehydrogenase/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced-diaphorase (NADPH- d) histochemistry was investigated in the axolotl (Ambystoma tigrinum) inner ear. Hair cells showed an intense NADPH-d reaction; afferent neurones also stained but less intensely than hair cells. Effects of NG- nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) on the basal discharge and mechanical responses of semicircular canal afferent neurones recorded extracellularly were also studied. L-NOARG (1 mu M) diminished the basal discharge and the response of afferent neurones to sinusoidal mechanical stimuli to 45 +/- 6.4% and 65 +/- 5.3% (mean +/- SEM) of control value, respectively. These findings suggest that production of nitric oxide (NO) by hair cells and probably also by afferent neurones contributes to the basal discharge and the response of afferent neurones to mechanical stimuli. Journal Article Florin, David 1996 Operation sea signal & the Cuban ground iguana Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 66-71 Cyclura nubila Book Section Fog, Kåre 1996 Bombina bombina in Dänemark - Verbreitung, Bestandssituation und Lebensweise Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 123-131 Bombina bombina; Denmark; Status Journal Article Folling, Markus 1996 Bemerkung zur terrarienhaltung von Phelsuma ornata ornata in gruppen Elaphe 4 1 9-13 Phelsuma ornata Journal Article Fonoll Salvador, Rafael 1996 Los otros terrarios para salamanders Reptilia 2 3 6-7 Journal Article Fontenot, Lance W.;Platt, Steven G. 1996 Regina septemvittata (Queen snake). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 4 205 Journal Article Fontenot, L.W.;Font, W.F. 1996 Helminth parasites of four species of aquatic snakes for two habitats in southeastern Louisiana Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63 1 66-75 Reptilia, serpentes, Nerodia spp, Agkistrodon piscivorus, infection, helminth, Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, survey A total of 202 specimens of water snakes (Nerodia spp.) and 17 cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) were collected from 2 localities in southeastern Louisiana between March and December 1989, and examined for helminths. Six species of trematodes, 4 cestodes, 9 nematodes, and 2 acanthocephalans were recovered from these snakes. At the Head of Island locality, Dasymetra villicaeca and Proteocephalus variabilis had the highest prevalence and abundance in Nerodia cyclopion; D. villicaeca, Styphlodora magna, and Terranova caballeroi displayed the broadest host specificity, infecting all snakes from Head of Island. Species richness and mean number of individuals were highest in N. cyclopion and A. piscivorus, but diversity was highest in N. fasciata. Proteocephalus perspicua and P. variabilis were most prevalent and abundant in N. cyclopion at the Spanish Lake locality; Ochetosoma aniarum and Kalicephalus rectiphilus displayed broadest host specificity, infecting all snakes from Spanish Lake. Species richness and mean number of individuals were highest in N. cyclopion, while diversity was highest in A. piscivorus. In general, higher prevalence, abundance, species richness, and mean number of individuals occurred in snakes from Head of Island. The helminth fauna of Nerodia spp. were most similar, reflecting close phylogenetic affinities and broad overlap in diet. In contrast, the helminth fauna of the viperid, A. piscivorus, contained 5 helminths that were restricted to this snake. We propose that host diet, habitat differences, and phylogeny are the most important determinants of the helminth fauna of aquatic snakes. LW Fontenot, Terra Consulting Grp, 8900 Anselmo Lane, Suite 222, Baton Rouge, LA 70810 USA Journal Article Ford, Paulette L.;Scott, Norman J., Jr 1996 Descriptions of Bufo tadpoles from the southwestern coast of Jalisco, México Journal of Herpetology 30 2 253-257 Bufo marinus; Bufo marmoreus; Bufo mazatlanensis; Jalisco; Mexico Journal Article Ford, Neil 1996 The North American garter snakes Vivarium 7 6 56-62 Thamnophis Journal Article Formas, J. Ramon;Poblete, Victor 1996 Eupsophus emiliopugini (NCN). Aggressive behavior Herpetological Review 27 3 139-140 Journal Article Formazov, Nikolai;Makarov, Aleksei 1996 POW crocodile still alive in Moscow Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 14 Journal Article Forsman, Anders 1996 Body size and net energy gain in gape-limited predators: a model Journal of Herpetology 30 3 307-319 Body size; energy; gape-limited predators Journal Article Fortini, Nicola 1996 Litoria caerulea ReptiMagazine 2 2 16-17 Litoria caerulea Journal Article Fortini, Nicola 1996 Basiliscus plumifrons ReptiMagazine 2 2 6-8 Basiliscus plumifrons Journal Article Fortini, Nicola 1996 Anolis carolinensis ReptiMagazine 2 1 14-17 Anolis carolinensis Journal Article Fortini, Nicola 1996 Python molurus bivittatus ReptiMagazine 2 1 10-13 Python molurus Journal Article Fowler, Chris 1996 Captive breeding the running frog Reptilian 4 7 49-50 Kassina maculata Journal Article Fowler, James A. ca. 1962 Anatomy and development of racial hybrids of Rana pipiens Journal of Morphology (?). 251-568 Journal Article Frair, Wayne 1996 Book review: Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity Breeding-Longevity and Inventory Current January 1 1994 Copeia 1996 3 757-759 Book review Journal Article Frank, Norman;Messonnier, Shawn 1996 Antibiotic use in reptiles Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 112-117 Journal Article Frank, Norman 1996 Ask the Vet [bearded dragons] Herp News Today 1996 February 10 Journal Article Franklin, Carl 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus garnottii Herpetological Review 27 3 152 Journal Article Franklin, Carl J.;Gutberlet, Ronald L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana sphenocephala utricularia Herpetological Review 27 4 209 Journal Article Franklin, Carl J.;Gutberlet, Ronald L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Virginia striatula Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Franklin, C.E.;Holmgren, S.;Taylor, G.C. 1996 A preliminary investigation of the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on secretion from the lingual salt glands of Crocodylus porosus Gen. Comp. Endocrin. 102 1 74-78 CPR, osmoregulation, biochemistry, Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the lingual salt glands of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus. Varicose fibers showing VIP like immunoreactivity ramified the salt glands, forming a dense network around the basal region of the exocrine cells. Secretions from the lingual salt glands were monitored in hatchling C. porosus. Spontaneous secretory activity was variable, ranging from 0.3 to 5.3 mu mol Na 100 g( 0.7) bm hr( 1) (bm, body mass). Administration of a 100 mu l bolus of 0.9% NaCl, via a cannulated femoral vein, did not affect the spontaneous secretory rate. However, injection of 100 pmol porcine VIP resulted in a massive increase in secretory activity, reaching a maximum of 58.2 mu mol of Na 100 g( 0.7) bm hr( 1). The presence of VIP like immunoreactivity and the positive secretory effect of administered VIP indicate a potential action of VIP on salt gland activity. Journal Article Franzen, Michael 1996 Ökologische und morphologische Aspekte einer costaricanischen Population von Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) (Serpentes: Colubridae). [Notes on ecological and morphological features of a Costa Rican population of Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) (Serpentes: Colubridae)] Herpetozoa 9 3/4 121-131 Oxybelis aeneus; Ecology; Food; Diet; Niche segregation; Morphology; Costa Rica Journal Article Freed, Paul 1996 Reproduction of the Mandarin rat snake (Elaphe mandarina) at the Houston Zoological Gardens Reptiles 4 6 76-77 Elaphe mandarina Journal Article Freeman, D. Carl;Emlen, John M.;Graham, John H.;Mara, Robert L.;Tracy, Mary;Alados, C. L. 1996 Developmental instability as a bioindicator of ecosystem health Proceedings: Shrubland ecosystem dynamics in a changing environment. Las Cruces, NM, May 23-25, 1995. Publisher: Intermountain Research Station, Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture 170-177 Journal Article Freilich, Jerry E. 1996 High-tech desert quest Earth Observation Magazine 5 5 32-34 jfreilich@rmisp.com Journal Article Freire, Eliza Maria Xavier 1996 Estudo Ecológico e zoogeográfica sobre a fauna de lagartos (Sauria) das dunas de natal, Rio Grande do norte e da restinga de ponta de campina Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil Revta. bras. Zool. 13 4 903-921 Journal Article Fretey, Jacques;Fernández-Cordeiro, Antonio 1996 Desplazamientos hacia el este de hambras de tortugas laúd (Dermochelys coriacea) después de una nidificación en la región Americana Intertropical Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 2-6 Journal Article Fretey, J.;Girondot, M. 1996 Première observation en France métropolitaine d'une tortue Luth, Dermochelys coriacea baguée en Guyane Ann. Soc. Sci. Nat. Char.-Mar. VIII 5 515-518 leatherback; migration Journal Article Frey, Jennifer K. 1996 Crotalus lepidus (Rock rattlesnake). Aquatic behavior Herpetological Review 27 3 145 Journal Article Frings, Ute 1996 Das Simonsche Schildkrötenparadies Elaphe 4 4 67-73 Journal Article Fritz, Uwe;Keller, Claudia;Budde, Michael 1996 Eine neue Unterart der Europäischen Sumpfschildkröte aus Sudwestspanien, Emys orbicularis hispanica subsp. nov. [A new subspecies of the European pond turtle from southwestern Spain, Emys orbicularis hispanica subsp. nov.] Salamandra 32 3 129-152 Testudines; Emydidae; Emys orbicularis; Emys orbicularis hispanica subsp. nov.; systematics; Europe; Spain; Iberian Peninsula Journal Article Fritz, Dirk 1996 Dornschwavze der Gattung Uromastyx im Terrarium DATZ 49 8 498-500 Uromastyx Journal Article Fritz, Klemens;Sowig, Peter 1996 Verbreitung, Habitatpräferenzen und Bestandssituation der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) in Baden-Württemberg Naturschutzreport 11 1 171-176 Journal Article Fritzsch, B. 1996 How does the urodele ear develop? Int J Dev Biol 40 4 763-71 An overview is provided of the structural and molecular events causing the transformation of undifferentiated epidermal cells together with the underlying mesenchyme to become the complex, three-dimensional ear. While tremendous progress has been achieved in a few model systems, enough is not yet known about the comparative embryology of ear development to provide causal explanations of the adult structural differences among species. It is hoped that the changes in selector and/or structural genes, as well as changes in the spatiotemporal induction of structural gene activation, and possible changes in the interaction between the various embryonic sources which contribute to the ear, will soon be understood. The most promising new avenue for research appears to be studies which combine classical transplantation tissue experiments with modern gene expression analyses and modern in vitro assays of the role of putative morphogens or trophic factors. It is emphasized that it is not understood what is missing in the developmental program of those salamanders which have lost a basilar papilla. Direct comparison of gene expression patterns and xenoplastic transplantations in salamanders of comparable stages which either do or do not develop this organ should help to clarify the molecular events that have led to this major evolutionary novel feature of the vertebrate ear. Journal Article Fuhri, Carl 1996 Successful treatment of fungal-infected iguana eggs Iguana Times 5 1 21 Journal Article Furbank, Marc 1996 Road kill predation by the long-necked turtle Chelodina longicollis (Shaw) Herpetofauna 26 1 49-50 Chelodina longicollis Journal Article Fushitani, K.;Higashiyama, K.;Moriyama, E. N.;Imai, K.;Hosokawa, K. 1996 The amino acid sequences of two alpha chains of hemoglobins from Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis and phylogenetic relationships of amniotes Mol Biol Evol 13 7 1039-43 To elucidate phylogenetic relationships among amniotes and the evolution of alpha globins, hemoglobins were analyzed from the Komodo dragon (Komodo monitor lizard) Varanus komodoensis, the world's largest extant lizard, inhabiting Komodo Islands, Indonesia. Four unique globin chains (alpha A, alpha D, beta B, and beta C) were isolated in an equal molar ratio by high performance liquid chromatography from the hemolysate. The amino acid sequences of two alpha chains were determined. The alpha D chain has a glutamine at E7 as does an alpha chain of a snake, Liophis miliaris, but the alpha A chain has a histidine at E7 like the majority of hemoglobins. Phylogenetic analyses of 19 globins including two alpha chains of Komodo dragon and ones from representative amniotes showed the following results: (1) The a chains of squamates (snakes and lizards), which have a glutamine at E7, are clustered with the embryonic alpha globin family, which typically includes the alpha D chain from birds; (2) birds form a sister group with other reptiles but not with mammals; (3) the genes for embryonic and adult types of alpha globins were possibly produced by duplication of the ancestral alpha gene before ancestral amniotes diverged, indicating that each of the present amniotes might carry descendants of the two types of alpha globin genes; (4) squamates first split off from the ancestor of other reptiles and birds. Journal Article Gaffney, Eugene S. 1996 Unique among vertebrates Natural History 6/96 Journal Article Galán, Pedro 1996 Infecciones externas en una pobulación natural de Podarcis bocagei: desarrollo estacional de la enfermedad e incidencia en la mortalidad, reproducción y crecimiento Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 103-113 Podarcis bocagei; Cutaneous infection Journal Article Galán, Pedro 1996 Sexual maturity in a population of the lacertid lizard Podarcis bocagei Herpetological Journal 6 3 87-93 Podarcis bocagei; Sexual maturity Journal Article Galán, Pedro 1996 Reproductive and fat body cycles of the lacertid lizard Podarcis bocagei Herpetological Journal 6 1 20-25 Podarcis bocagei; reproductive cycle; fat body cycle Journal Article Galbraith, David 1996 Book review: Turtles of the United States and Canada Herpetological Journal 6 4 152 Book review Journal Article Galobart, Àngel;Gaete, Rodrigo 1996 El archivo del pasado: El laberintodonto del Monseny Reptilia 1 3 48-50 Fossil; Parotosuchus Journal Article Gamradt, Seth C.;Kats, Lee B. 1996 Effect of introduced crayfish and mosquitofish on California newts Conservation Biology 10 4 1155-1162 Journal Article Gamradt, S. C.;Kats., L. B. 1996 Effect of introduced crayfish and mosquitofish on California newts Conservation Biology 10 1155-1162 Journal Article Gao, Keqin;Fox, Richard C. 1996 Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 33 1-107 Late Cretaceous; Lizards; Sauria; Fossils; New Genus; Cnephasaurus n. gen.; Stypodontosaurus n. gen.; Penemabuya n. gen.; Orthrioscincus n. gen.; Aocnodromeus n. gen.; Labrodioctes n. gen.; New species; Cnephasaurus locustivorus n. sp.; Stypodontosaurus melletes n. sp.; Penemabuya antecessor n. sp.; Orthrioscincus mixius n. sp.; Aocnodromeus corrugatus n. sp.; Odaxosaurus priscus n. sp.; Labrodioctes montanensis n. sp. Journal Article Garateix, A.;Flores, A.;Garcia-Andrade, J. M.;Palmero, A.;Aneiros, A.;Vega, R.;Soto, E. 1996 Antagonism of glutamate receptors by a chromatographic fraction from the exudate of the sea anemone Phyllactis flosculifera Toxicon 34 4 443-50 alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/toxicity; Ambystoma; Animal; Chromatography, Gel; Cnidarian Venoms/metabolism/*toxicity; Cochlea/drug effects/metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/metabolism/*toxicity; Fractionation; Iontophoresis; Kainic Acid/toxicity; Nerve Fibers/drug effects/metabolism; Neurons, Afferent/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism; Quisqualic Acid/toxicity; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects; Sea Anemones/*metabolism; Snails; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't In the search for new glutamate antagonists it seems promising to characterize the effects of venom from invertebrates that prey mainly on crustaceans. In this work, the exudate of the sea anemone Phyllactis flosculifera was used as a source of this type of compound. The action of chromatographic fraction D from P. flosculifera was tested upon microion-tophoretically evoked glutamate responses in intracellular recordings from central neurons of the land snail Zachrysia guanensis. Bath application of fraction D (2-8 mg/ml, n = 13) diminished both the excitatory and the inhibitory components of glutamate agonists in Z. guanensis neurons; this action was dose-dependent and partially reversible. Fraction D actions were also tested in the multiunit spontaneous and mechanically evoked responses of the glutamatergic junction between hair cells and afferent neurons of the axolotl Ambystoma tigrinum. Pressure ejection of fraction D in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/ml (n = 9) decreased the spontaneous and mechanically evoked activity of semicircular canal afferent neurons and the responses evoked by kainic acid and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methylisoxasole-4-propionic acid. This action was also dose-dependent and partially reversible. These results indicate that fraction D acts as a glutamate receptor antagonist in snail and amphibian neurons. Further studies are required to characterize the active compounds responsible for this action and its specificity upon the subtypes of glutamate receptors. Journal Article Garcia, David 1996 The turtle in need Reptiles 4 8 116 Journal Article Garcia, Andres;Valtierra-Azotla, Marciano 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sibon annuliferus Herpetological Review 27 2 89 Journal Article Garcia, Andres;Valtierra-Azotla, Marciano 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ficimia publia Herpetological Review 27 2 88 Journal Article García, Ulises Padilla;Ballardo, Walter Schmidt;Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando 1996 Geographic Distribution. Laemanctus serratus serratus Herpetological Review 27 4 211 Journal Article García, Ulises Padilla;Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ameiva undulata Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article García, Gerardo 1996 Brachypelmas: Las arañas más bellas Reptilia 2 4 20-24 Brachypelmas Journal Article García-Márquez, Marcos;López-Jurado, Luis F.;Mateo, José A. 1996 Puestas comunales en el geco Ptyodactylus oudrii Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 28-30 Journal Article Gardner, James D. 1996 Book Review: Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles in North America Herpetological Review 27 2 98-99 Book Review Journal Article Gareis, Frank 1996 Triturus cristatus: Geschlechtsreif in einem Jahr Elaphe 4 3 17-18 Triturus cristatus Book Garel, Tony;Matola, Sharon 1996 A Field Guide to the Snakes of Belize Belize City Belize Zoo 145 Belize Journal Article Garner, M.M.;Homer, B.L.;Jacobson, E.R.;Raskin, R.E.;Hall, B.J.;Weis, W.A.;Berry, K.H. 1996 Staining and morphologic features of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) American Journal of Veterinary Research 57 11 1608-1615 Reptilia, testudines, desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, anatomy, histology, bone marrow Objectives-To determine optimal site for collection of bone marrow from desert tortoises, and to characterize cytologic staining and morphologic features of bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Animals-16 desert tortoises. Procedure-Bone marrow was obtained at necropsy from the pelvis, proximal portion of the humerus, femur, and thickened portions of the cranial to craniolateral and caudal to caudolateral margins of the carapace and plastron for histologic and cytologic examinations. Cytocentrifuged preparations of marrow cells were evaluated for reactivity to cytochemical stains. Results-Histologic sections were adequate for evaluating acidophils, acidophil precursors, and erythrocyte precursors, it was difficult to differentiate among monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and blast cells, and eosinophils could not be differentiated from heterophils, Basophils were in rare, smart clusters of 3 to 12 cells. A few lymphoid follicles were found in the pelvis and long bones. Use of cytochemical staining accomplished differentiation between agranular heterophil precursors and granulated heterophils, and between granulated eosinophils and basophils. Monocytes, azurophils, and monoblasts had similar staining features. Staining of erythrocyte precursors with Sudan black B differentiated them from lymphocytes. Only a few small cells with periodic acid-Schiff-positive cytoplasm were identified as thrombocytes. Lymphocytes did not stain with any of the cytochemical stains. Conclusions-For histologic and cytologic evaluation of bone marrow hematopoietic cells, pelvis, proximal portion of the humerus, femur, and thickened portions of the peripheral cranial and caudal regions of the carapace and plastron are suitable sites to collect specimens. There are distinct cytochemical markers for heterophil, monocyte, and erythrocyte precursors, as well as later stage heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and azurophils. MM Garner, Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA Journal Article Garrett, C.M.;Chiszar, D. 1996 Foreword: Advances in zoo herpetology Zoo Biology 15 3 205-207 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, survey, general Journal Article Garrett, T. A.;Pabon-Pena, L. M.;Gokaldas, N.;Epstein, L. M. 1996 Novel requirements in peripheral structures of the extended satellite 2 hammerhead Rna 2 7 699-706 Animal; Base Sequence; Conserved Sequence; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Notophthalmus viridescens/genetics; Nucleic Acid Conformation; RNA/*chemistry/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Transcription, Genetic; Urodela/genetics A number of RNAs that infect plants self-cleave using a domain called the hammerhead. The consensus plant hammerhead has three base paired stem structures. Stems I and III flank the cleaved phosphodiester and are connected to stem II by two unpaired and highly conserved sequences. We demonstrated previously that satellite 2 transcripts from the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, use a modified hammerhead structure for self-cleavage. Here we show that hammerheads with similar modifications occur in satellite 2 from species representing two additional families of salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum and Amphiuma tridactylum). The distinctive features of the modified satellite 2 hammerheads include unusually short stem III regions and internally looped extensions to stem I that are required for cleavage. However, despite the strict nucleotide requirement in the internal stem I loop of the newt hammerhead, the details of the stem I extensions differ in the three salamanders. An analysis of chimeric transcripts indicated that, in order for a specific stem I extension to be functional, it must be compatible with other regions of the modified satellite 2 hammerhead. One such region is stem II, and a mutational analysis has confirmed that there are specific sequence and/or structural requirements in stem II. Journal Article Gascon, Claude;Lougheed, Stephen C.;Bogart, James P. 1996 Genetic and morphological variation in Vanzolinius discodactylus: A test of the river hypothesis of speciation Biotropica 28 3 376-387 Amazonia, genetic structure, population differentiation, riverene barriers, terra firme forest Journal Article Gascon, Claude;Lougheed, Stephen C.;Bogart, James P. 1996 Genetic and morphological variation in Vanzolinius discodactylus: a test of the river hypothesis of speciation Biotropica 28 3 376-387 Journal Article Gaulke, Maren 1996 Die Herpetofauna von Sibutu Island (Philippinen), unter Berücksichtigung zoogeographischer und ökologischer Aspekte Senckenbergiana Biologica 75 1/2 45-56 Philippines; Rhamphotyphlops suluensis; Rhamphotyphlops olivaceus; Varanus; Crytodactylus; Elaphe; Ahaetulla; Dendrelaphis Journal Article Gaulke, Maren 1996 On the herpetofauna of Palawan (Philippines) Reptilian 4 3 26-32 Palawan; Philippines Journal Article Gaulke, Maren 1996 Buchbesprechung: A little book of Monitor Lizards Sauria 18 3 11-12 book review Journal Article Gauthier, Laury 1996 The amphibian micronucleus test, a model for in vivo monitoring of genotoxic aquatic pollution Alytes 14 2 53-84 Amphibian micronucleus test; pollution Journal Article Gay, Martin 1996 1996 and all that.... Rephiberary 225 8-9 Journal Article Gebre, Assegid;Wakjira, Kumara 1996 Impact of fishing methods on crocodile of Lake Chamo Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 5 Journal Article Gehrmann, William H. 1996 Lizard-saver light support Vivarium 7 5 49 Journal Article Gehrmann, William H. 1996 Reptile lighting: a current perspective Vivarium 8 2 44-45;62 ultraviolet-B; lighting Journal Article Geiger, Arno 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Amphibienfürher mit Feldbestimmungsschlüssel für die Larven Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 209-210 Book Review Journal Article Geiger, Arno 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Die Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata). Biologie, Gefährdung, Schutz Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 210-211 Book Review Journal Article Geist, N.R.;Jones, T.D. 1996 Juvenile skeletal structure and the reproductive habits of dinosaurs Science 272 5262 712-714 anatomy, growth, nesting, embryo, Skeletal ontogeny in extant archosaurians (crocodilians and birds) indicates that the morphology of the perinatal pelvic girdle is an indicator of overall developmental maturity . Comparison of the skeletal anatomy of perinatal extant archosaurians and perinatal dinosaurs suggests that known dinosaur hatchlings were precocial. These data are consistent with the overall similarity in nesting behavior of dinosaurs and modern crocodilians. Journal Article Gelder, J. J. van;Strijbosch, H. 1996 Marking amphibians: effects of toe clipping on Bufo bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) Amphibia -Reptilia 17 169-174 amphibians, toe clipping, Bufo Journal Article George, S.;Samuel, J.M.;Josekumar, V. S. 1996 Survey of the amphibian fauna of Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary, Kerala Zoo's print 11 5 7-8 India Journal Article George, Sanil 1996 One more amphibian species from Pooyamkutty, Kerala Zoo's print 11 5 8 India Journal Article George, Steven G. 1996 Amphiuma Tridactylum (Three-toed amphiuma). Coloration Herpetological Review 27 3 134-135 Book Section George, R.H. 1996 Health problems and diseases of sea turtles P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 363-386 Journal Article George, Sanil 1996 One more Amphibian species from Pooyamkutty, Kerala Zoos' Print 11 5 8 Journal Article Georges, Arthur;Adams, Mark 1996 Electrophoretic delineation of species boundaries within the short-necked freshwater turtles of Australia (Testudines: Chelidae) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118 241-260 Phylogenetic species concept; molecular systematics; pleurodire; Australia; New Guinea; Emydura; Elseya Journal Article Georges, A.;Adams, M. 1996 Electophoretic delineation of species boundaries within the short-necked freshwater turltes of Australia (Testudines: Chelidae) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118 241-260 species delineation Journal Article Gergus, Erik W. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo terrestris Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article Gerhardt, H. C.;Dyson, M, L.;Tanner, S. D. 1996 Dynamic properties of the advertisement calls of gray tree frogs: patterns of variability and female choice Behavioral Ecology 7 1 7-18 acoustic communication, advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, phonotaxis, Hylidae sexual selection, Hyla chrysoscelis Journal Article Gerlach, J.;Canning, K. L. 1996 A new species of the western Indian Ocean gecko Ailuronyx (Reptilia; Gekkonidae) Herpetological Journal 6 2 37-42 Ailuronyx seyshellensis; Ailuronyx seychellensis sp. nov.; new species Journal Article Germano, David J.;Morafka, David J. 1996 Diurnal aboveground activity by the fossorial silvery legless lizard, Anniella pulchra Great Basin Naturalist 56 4 379-380 Anniella pulchra; activity Journal Article Gerosa, Guido 1996 Tuatara il "fossile in estinzione" ReptiMagazine 2 3 17-19 Sphenodon punctatus Journal Article Gerosa, Guido 1996 I colori dell'invincibilità ReptiMagazine 2 2 37-38 Journal Article Gerosa, Guido 1996 La ricerca le salverà? ReptiMagazine 2 1 38-39 Journal Article Gerstner, Joachim 1996 Zur Situation der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) im Saarland mit Bemerkungen zum Vorkommen im Großherzogtum Luxemburg Naturschutzreport 11 1 187-191 Journal Article Gewalt, Wolfgang 1996 Vom Goliathfrosch in Südkamerun TI Magazin 129 44-47 Cameroon; Conrana goliath Journal Article Ghate, H. V.;Padhye, A. D. 1996 Impact of urbanization on amphibians of Pune Zoo's print 11 5 14-16 India Journal Article Giaretta, Ariovaldo A. 1996 Tropidurus torquatus. Home range Herpetological Review 27 2 80-81 Journal Article Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.;Sawaya, Ricardo J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Zachaenus parvulus Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article Giaretta, Ariovaldo A. 1996 Reproductive specializations of the bromiliad hylid frog Phyllodactylus luteolus Journal of Herpetology 30 1 96-97 Phyllodactylus luteolus; Reproduction Journal Article Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1996 Some states have weird wildlife laws San Diego Herpetological Society Newsletter 18 1 7 Book Gill, Brian;Whitaker, Tony 1996 New Zealand Frogs and Reptiles Aukland David Bateman 112 p. Journal Article Gillett, Leigh 1996 Book Review: Lizards of Australia and New Zealand Herpetological Journal 6 2 65 Book review Journal Article Girard, Francis 1996 Captive husbandry and reproduction of Teratoscincus scincus (Schlegal, 1858) Dactylus 3 1 4-6 Teratoscincus scincus Journal Article Girard, Francis 1996 Herp hints: "Repairing" the shells of gecko eggs The Herptile 21 1 29 Journal Article Girard, Francis 1996 Notes on the turning of reptile eggs The Herptile 21 3 123-124 Journal Article Giraudo, Alejandro R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Acanthochelys pallidipectoris Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article Giraudo, Alejandro R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnodynastes chaquensis Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Giraudo, Alejandro R.;Couturier, Gustavo A.;Bernado, Marcos di 1996 Echinanthera cyanioleura (Cope, 1885), a new record for the ophidiofauna of Argentina (Serpentes: Colubridae) Cuadernos de Herpetología 10 1-2 72 Journal Article Girolla, Lothar 1996 Aggressives Verhalten oder Paarungsvorspiel? Freilandbeobachtungen zum intraspezifischen Verhalten bei Blindschleichen, Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae). [Aggressive behavior or mating prelude? Observations on the intraspecific behavior of slow worms Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata: Sauria: Anguidae)] Herpetozoa 9 3/4 169-170 Anguis fragilis; Aggressive behavior Journal Article Girolla, Lothar 1996 Rufaktivität immaturer Springfrösche, Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840, im Terrarium (Anura: Ranidae). [Calling activities of immature agile frogs, Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840, in the terrarium (Anura: Ranidae)] Herpetozoa 9 3/4 171-173 Rana dalmatina; Calling activity; Bioacoustics; Biology Journal Article Girondot, Marc;Fretey, Jacques 1996 Leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting in French Guiana, 1978-1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 204-208 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting; status; population; conservation; migration; French Guiana Journal Article Girondot, M.;Pieau, C. 1996 On the limits of age structured models for the maintenance of environmental sex determination in crocodilians Ann. Sci. Natur. Zool. Biol. Anim. 17 2 85-97 AM, sex, temperature, reproduction, The current theories of sex ratio evolution cannot explain the occurrence of highly biased sex ratio in juvenile and adult crocodilians. A recent model of population dynamics based on key parameters of the life history of alligators shows that populations can be maintained with environmental sex determination (ESD) but will become extinct with genotypic sex determination (GSD). But this model does not take into account any genetic variability. Thus the validity of these results is questionable when the evolutionary times are of an order of magnitude of ten millions years. We have checked this model to evaluate the evolution of populations invaded by new alleles changing the sensitivity of embryos to incubation temperature or the nesting behaviour of females. In both cases, the population is invaded by masculinizing alleles and becomes extinct because the number of females becomes insufficient to maintain a large enough effectif of reproductive females. We show that neither the primary sex ratio of one particular cohort nor the population sex ratio are the selected sex ratios in models of sex ratio evolution with overlapping generations. Therefore none of them should be used directly to test sex ratio theories in high longevity reptiles. Journal Article Girondot, M.;Fretey, J. 1996 Synthese des campagnes de baguage en Guyane leatherback; migration Journal Article Girondot, M.;Fretey, J. 1996 Leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting in French Guiana, 1978-1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 204-208 dermochelys; hatchery; migration; conservation Journal Article Given, Mac F. 1996 Intensity modulation of advertisement calls in Bufo woodhousii fowleri Copeia 1996 4 970-977 advertisement calls; intensity modulation; Bufo woodhousii Journal Article Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel 1996 Seltene Schlangen aus Madagascar TI Magazin 132 41-45 Madagascar Journal Article Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel 1996 Bemerkungen zur Fortpflanzung des Walskinks Amphiglossus melanopleura aus Madagaskar (Sauria: Scincidae), mit einer Übersicht über die Fortpflanzungsperioden madagasischer Reptilien [A report of oviparity in the scincid lizard Amphoglossus melanopleura from Madagascar, with a review of reproductive periods in Malagasy reptiles] Salamandra 32 3 211-216 Sauria; Scincidae; Amphiglossus melanopleura; oviparity; Madagascar; Phenology Journal Article Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel 1996 (1997) Neue Ergebnisse zur Boophis gudoti-Gruppe aus Madagaskar: Bioakustik, Fortpflanzungsstrategien und Beschreibung von Boophis rufioculis sp. nov. [New results on the Boophis goudoti-group from Madagascar: Bioacoustics, reproductive strategies, and description of Boophis rufioculis sp. nov.] Salamandra 32 4 225-242 Anura; Ranidae; Rhacophoridae; Boophis goudoti group; Females; Advertisement calls; Reproductive strategies; Egg numbers; Lectotypes; Boophis ruioculis sp. nov.; Madagascar Journal Article Glaw, Frank;Vences, Miguel 1996 (1997) Neue Daten über die Mantidactylus-Untergattung Spinomantis (Anura: Ranidae: Mantellinae) aus Madagaskar, mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art [New data on Mantidactylus (subgenus Spinomantis; Anura: Ranidae: Mantiellinae) from Madagascar, with description of a new species] Salamandra 32 4 243-258 Anura; Ranidae; Mantellinae; Mantidactylus; Range extensions; Females; Reproduction; Advertisement calls; Mantidactylus phantasticus sp. nov.; Phylogeny; Convergence; Madagascar Journal Article Gleed-Owen, Chris 1996 Amphibian remains identified from the gut of a grass snake and a polecat British Herpetological Society Bulletin 57 21-23 predation; Natrix natrix; Bufo bufo; Triturus Journal Article Glenn, T.C.;Stephan, W.;Dessauer, H.C.;Braun, M.J. 1996 Allelic diversity in alligator microsatellite loci is negatively correlated with GC content of flanking sequences and evolutionary conservation of PCR amplifiability Mol. Biol. Evol. 13 8 1151-1154 AM, evolution, genetics, Thesis Glenn, J.L. 1996 The orientation and survival of loggerhead sea turtle hatchlings (Caretta caretta) Journal Article Glenn, Travis C.;Wolfgang, Stephen;Dessauer, Herbert C.;Braun, Michael J. 1996 Allelic diversity in alligator microsatellite loci is negatively correlated with GC content of flanking sequences and evolutionary conservation of PCR amplifiability Molecular Biology and Evolution 13 8 1151-1154 Journal Article Glitz, Dietmar 1996 Öffentlichkeitsarbeit für Amphibien Elaphe 4 3 78-81 Journal Article Glitz, Dietmar 1996 Erfolgreiche laubfrosch-wiederansiedlung im Ballungsraum Hamburg Elaphe 4 1 65-71 Journal Article Gobbetti, A.;Zerani, M. 1996 Possible mechanism for the first response to short captivity stress in the water frog, Rana esculenta Journal of Endocrinology 148 2 233-239 GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; TRITURUS-CARNIFEX LAUR; CRESTED NEWT; PLASMA PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; SEX-HORMONES; ANNUAL CYCLE; REPRODUCTION; STEROIDS; INVITRO; CORTICOSTERONE Journal Article Godfrey, M.H.;Barreto, R.;Mrosovsky, N. 1996 Estimating past and present sex ratios of sea turtles in Suriname Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 74 2 267-277 Reptilia, testudines, Leatherback ,Demochelys coriacea, green sea turtle,Chelonia mydas, temperature, sex differentiation Leatherback (Demochelys coriacea) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles in Suriname lay eggs over several months of the year. During this nesting season, changes in rainfall produce changes in sand temperature, which in turn influence the sexual differentiation of incubating sea turtle embryos. The overall sex ratio of leatherback and green sea turtle hatchlings produced at Matapica beach in Suriname was investigated. Estimates of the sex ratios of these turtles in 1993 (green turtles 63.8% female, leatherbacks 69.4% female) were roughly 10% more female-biased than those from an earlier study in 1982. For both species, a significant negative relationship was found between monthly rainfall and monthly sex ratios. Using this relationship and data on rainfall in the past, it was possible to estimate overall sex ratios for an additional 12 years. These estimates varied considerably among different years, ranging from 20 to 90% female in the case of green turtles. Nevertheless, males tended to be produced primarily in April and May, while some females were produced in all months. Such seasonal patterns of production of turtles of different sexes have implications for sea turtle conservation programs that involve manipulating or harvesting eggs. MH Godfrey/Univ Toronto/Dept Zool/25 Harbord St/Toronto/on M5S 3G5, Canada Journal Article Godfrey, M.H. 1996 Ethology and sea turtle conservation Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 10 433-434 conservation; behaviour; orientation Journal Article Godley, Brendan;Broderick, Annette 1996 Turtles and tourist marketing: A british perspective Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 16-17 Thesis Goff, M.D. 1996 The magnetic compass of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta, L.): Can surface waves establish magnetic directional preference? Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Holshuh, H. J.;Joglar, Rafael L. 1996 Eleuthrodactylus cooki ("Guajon" or "Demonio de Puerto Rico"). Ectoparasites Herpetological Review 27 1 18 Eleutherodactylus cooki; Ectoparasites Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Ajimine, Leslie N. 1996 Anolis scriptus (Silver Key anole). Endoparasites Herpetological Review 27 3 142 Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R. 1996 Helminths of the southwestern toad, Bufo microscaphus, Woodhouse's toad, Bufo woodhousii (Bufonidae), and their hybrids from central Arizona Great Basin Naturalist 56 4 369-374 Bufo woodhousii; Arizona; Bufo microscaphus; hybrids; helmiths; parasites Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R. 1996 Anolis maynardi (NCN). Endoparasites Herpetological Review 27 1 19 Anolis maynardi; Endoparasites Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Cheam, Hay 1996 Rana sakurai (Brown stream frog). Endoparasites Herpetological Review 27 3 141 Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R. 1996 Reproduction in the saddled leafnose snake, Phyllorhynchus brownii and the spotted leafnose snake, Phyllorhynchus decurtatus from Arizona Journal of Herpetology 30 2 280-282 Phyllorhynchus browni; Phyllorhynchus decurtatus; reproduction Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R. 1996 Urosaurus microscutatus (Small-scaled lizard). Testis cycle Herpetological Review 27 4 202 Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R. 1996 Helminths of the oak toad (Bufo quercicus, Bufonidae) from Florida (U.S.A.) Alytes 14 3 122-126 taxonomy; distribution; Bufo sternosignatus; Venezuela; Bufo typhonius complex; morphology; biogeography; Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Sullivan, B.K.;Truong, Q.A. 1996 Helminths of the Sonoran green toad, Bufo retiformis (Bufonidae), from southern Arizona Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63 1 120-122 Amphibia, anura, Bufonidae, Sonoran green toad, Bufo retiformis , infection, helminth, Cestoda, Distoichometra bufonis, Nematoda, Aplectana incerta, Aplectana itzocanensis, Oswaldocruzia pipiens, Physaloptera sp (larva), Rhabdias americanus The gastrointestinal tracts, lungs, and urinary bladders from 49 Bufo retiformis were examined. Five species of nematodes, Aplectana incerta, Aplectana itzocanensis, Oswaldocruzia pipiens, Physaloptera sp. (larva), Rhabdias americanus, and one cestode, Distoichometra bufonis, were present. Aplectana incerta had the highest prevalence (61%) and greatest mean intensity (36.9). All represent new host records for B. retiformis but are previously known from other southwestern desert toads. Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Holshuh, H.J.;Joglar, R.L. 1996 Eleutherodactylus cooki Ectoparasites Herpetological review 27 1 18 Amphibia, anura, Eleutherodactylus cooki, infection, ectoparasite ,acari, Ornithodorus, Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R. 1996 Gastrointestinal helminths of the anole Anolis oculatus (Polychridae) from Dominica, Lesser Antilles Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63 1 125-128 Reptilia, sauria, Polychridae, Anolis oculatus, infection, helminth, Mesocoelium monas, Ascarops sp, Oswaldocruzia lenteixeirai, Parapharyngodon cubensis, Physaloptera sp, Spauligodon caymanensis, Spinicauda spinicauda, Centrorhynchus sp. The gastrointestinal tracts of 20 Anolis oculatus from Dominica, West Indies were examined for helminths. Eight helminth species were present: Ascarops sp., Oswaldocruzia lenteixeirai, Parapharyngodon cubensis, Physaloptera sp., Spauligodon cubensis, Spinicauda spinicauda, Mesocoelium monas and Centrorhynchus sp. Juvenile acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus sp.) had the greatest prevalence (50%). Spinicauda spinicauda had the highest mean intensity (33.5). All are new host records for A. oculatus. Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Bezy, R.L. 1996 Gastrointestinal Helminths of Yarrow's spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae) in Mexico Am. Midl. Nat. 135 299-309 Reptilia, sauria, Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii, infection, helminth, cestoda, nematoda, Acanthocephala Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R. 1996 Anolis maynardi Endoparasites Herpetological review 27 1 19 Reptilia, sauria, Anolis maynardi, infection, helminth, nematoda, Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Cheam, H. 1996 Gastrointestinal helminths of six Anole species, Anolis armouri, A. barahonae, A. bahorucoensis, A. brevirostris, A. chlorocyanus and A. coelestinus (Polychrotidae) from Hispaniola Caribbeab Journal of Science 32 1 112-115 Reptilia, sauria,Gastrointestinal helminths of six Anole species, Anolis armouri, A. barahonae, A. bahorucoensis, A. brevirostris, A. chlorocyanus, A. coelestinus, helminth, cestoda, nematoda, cestoda, trematoda, Acanthocephala Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;McAllister, C.T.;Smith, H.M.;Truong, Q. A. 1996 Oochoristica scelopori (Cestoda: Linstowidae) in a grassland population of the bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus scalaris (Phrynosomatidae), from Arizona Great Basin Naturalist 56 2 180-182 Reptilia, sauria, bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus scalaris,infection, helminth, cestoda, Oochoristica scelopori Journal Article Goldberg, S.R.;Bursey, C.R.;Gergus, E.W.A.;Sullivan, B.K.;Truong, Q.A. 1996 Helminths from three treefrogs Hyla arenicolor, Hyla wrightorum, and Pseudacris triseriata (Hylidae) from Arizona Journal of Parasitology 82 5 833-835 SCAPHIOPUS-COUCHII, SOUTHERN ARIZONA, NEMATODA, TOADS, COSMOCERCOIDEA, BUFONIDAE The gastrointestinal tracts, lungs, and urinary bladders of 3 species of treefrogs from Arizona were examined for helminths. Hyla arenicolor (n = 30) and Hyla wrightorum (n = 53) were infected by Cylindrotaenia americana, Cosmocercella haberi, and larvae of Physaloptera sp.; Pseudacris triseriata (n = 20) harbored Falcaustra catesbeianae. The highest prevalence (33%) and greatest mean intensity (112.2) was recorded for Cosmocercella haberi in H. arenicolor. The helminth fauna of these treefrogs is depauperate and consists of different species than those of other Arizona amphibians. Journal Article Goldberg, S. R.;Bursey, C. R.;Bezy, R. L. 1996 Gastrointentinal helminths of Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovi (Phrynosomatidae) in Mexico American Midland Naturalist 135 299-309 Journal Article Goldberg, Stephen R.;Bursey, Charles R.;Bezy, Robert L. 1996 Gastrointestinal helminths of Yarrow's spiny lizard, Sceloporus jarrovii (Phrynosomatidae) in Mexico American Midland Naturalist 135 2 299-309 Book Golder, Friedrich 1996 Schlangen: Grundlagen erfolgreicher Haltung und Zucht Frankfurt, Germany Edition Chimaira 196 + 12 plates Journal Article Goldfinger, Eliot 1996 Who's afraid of the big bad snake? Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 92-96 Journal Article Goldingay, R.;Daly, G.;Lemckert, F. 1996 Assessing the impacts of logging on reptiles and frogs in the montane forest of southern New South Wales Wildlife Reseach 23 495 - 510 Reptiles, frog, ecology, logging Journal Article Goldingay, R.;Daly, G.;Lemckert, F. 1996 Assessing the impacts of logging on reptiles and frogs in the Montane forests of southern New South Wales Wildlife Research 23 495-510 logging, amphibians, reptiles, Austrilia, forestry Journal Article Goldingay, R.;Daly, G.;Lemckert, F. 1996 Assessing the impacts of logging on reptiles and frogs in the Montane forests of Southern New South Wales Wildlife Research 23 495-510 logging, forest management, Australin Book Section Gollmann, Günter 1996 Zur Populationsgenetik der Rotbauchunke Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 47-50 Bombina bombina; Germany; Population genetics Journal Article Gollmann, Günter 1996 Species concepts: a contrast of viewpoints Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 295-301 Species concepts Journal Article Gollmann, Birgit 1996 Geographic variation of larval traits in the Australian frog Geocrinia victoriana Herpetologica 52 2 181-187 Anura; Geocrinia victoriana; life history variation; offspring size; larval growth Journal Article Gollmann, Günter 1996 Zur Populationsbiologie der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata) im Wienerwald Naturschutzreport 11 1 60-63 Journal Article Gomez, Edgardo D. 1996 Sea turtles in the cross fire Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 19-20 Journal Article Gong, W.M.;Zhu, Z.L.;Niu, L.W.;Teng, M.K. 1996 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of haemorrhagin I from the snake venom of Agkistrodon acutus Acta Crystallographica Section D - Biological Crystallography 52 Part 1 201-202 METALLOPROTEINASES Journal Article Gonser, Rusty A.;Collura, Randall V. 1996 Waste not, want not: toe-clips as a source of DNA Journal of Herpetology 30 3 445-447 toe-cliping; DNA Journal Article Gonzalez, P.;Pinto, F.;Nogales, M.;Jimenez Asensio, J.;Hernandez, M.;Cabrera, V. M. 1996 Phylogenetic relationships of the Canary Islands endemic lizard genus Gallotia (Sauria: Lacertidae), inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences Mol Phylogenet Evol 6 1 63-71 Phylogenetic relationships among species and subspecies of the Canary Island endemic lizard genus Gallotia are inferred based on nucleotide sequences of fragments of 12S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b mitochondrial genes. The four morphologically established species have also been recognized at the molecular level. Relative affinities among species follow an eastern-western geographic transect. The nearly extinct species Gallotia simonyi from the most western island of El Hierro is closely related to the common western species Gallotia galloti, the nearest branch to this pair is Gallotia stehlini from the central island of Gram Canaria, and finally, Gallotia atlantica from the two eastern and geologically oldest islands appears as the most distantly related species of the group. At the statistical level, four subspecies can be recognized in G. galloti, but only two in G. atlantica. Journal Article Gonzalez-Ruiz, Amaya;Godinez-Cano, Enrique;Rojas-Gonzalez, Isaac 1996 Captive reprocution of the Mexican Acaltetepon, Heloderma horridum Herpetological Review 27 4 192 Heloderma horridum Journal Article González de la Vega, Juan Pablo;Garcia-Pulido, Toñy;González-García, Juan Pablo;González-García, Gloria 1996 Nuevos datos sobre la distribución de la ranita de San Antonio (Hyla arborea) en la Provincia de Córdoba Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 14-16 Journal Article González-Moreno, Olga;Gracenea, Mercedes;Casanova, J. C.;Pérez, Alejandro 1996 Detection of the Digenean Parahaplometroides basiliscae (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae) parasitising Polychrus marmoratus (Iguania: Polychridae) Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 38-40 Journal Article Good, D. A.;Bauer, A. M.;Branch, W. R. 1996 A new species of Phyllodactylus (Squamata: gekkonidae) from the Karoo National Park, South Africa Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 2 49-58 Phyllodactylus braacki sp. nov.; New species; Africa Journal Article Good, D. A.;Bauer, A. M.;Branch, W. R. 1996 A new species of Phyllodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Karoo National Park, South Africa Afr. J. Herpetol. 45 2 49-58 Journal Article Gorzula, Stefan 1996 The trade in dendrobatid frogs from 1987 to 1993 Herpetological Review 27 3 116-123 trade; Dendrobatidae Journal Article Gorzula, Stephan 1996 Vietnam site report Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 2-3 Journal Article Gosser, Allen L.;Kennamer, Lee F.;Dobie, James L. 1996 Distribution of Nerodia taxispilota and Nerodia rhombifer in Alabama Herpetological Review 27 4 217 Journal Article Goyenechea, Irene;Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando;Flores-Villela, Oscar;Reed, Kent M. 1996 Extreme chromosomal polytypy in a population of Sceloporus grammicus (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) at Santuario Mapethé, Hildalgo, México Journal of Herpetology 30 1 39-46 Sceloporus grammicus; Chromosomal polytypy Journal Article Göbel, Th. 1996 Clinical use of fluoroquinolones in exotic animals and small mammals Comp. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. Suppl. 18 2 49-57 Mammalia, rodentia, lagomorpha, aves, psittaciformes, reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, amphibia, urodela, anura, pathology, survey, therapy Journal Article Göbel, T. 1996 Clinical Use of Fluoroquinolones in Exotic Animals and small Mammal Suppl.1. Compend Contin Edue Pract Vet 18 2 49 - Reptilia, sauria, testudines, serpentes, therapy, quinolones An increasing number of exotic avian species, reptiles, amphibians, and small mammals such as rabbits, rodents, and ferrets are presented in veterinary practice. The main reasons for this development are the growing popularity of these animals as pets and the growing awareness on the part of owners that successful treatment of diseases in these patients is possible. Infectious diseases are important causes of iliness in all these animals, and often it is necessary to institute antimicrobial therapy. A variety of problems limit the use of antibiotics in these species. Almost all of the antibiotics used in exotic species and small mammals are licensed for use only in dogs, cats, or farm animals. Use in other species constitutes "extralabel use," and individual government regulations must be considered before the drug is administered. There are a broad range of anatomic, physiologic, and behavioral differences among the various species. Common small mammalian pets include rodents (guinea pigs, rats, hamsters, gerbils, chinchillas, and mice), rabbits, and one carnivorous animal, the ferret. Extreme differences exist among the 8000 avian and 6000 reptilian species, about which very little information is available to the veterinary practitioner. Unfortunately, there are often no recommendations concerning the proper dosages of antibiotics, because only a few pharmacokinetic studies have been performed in selected species and dosages can be used only as guidelines (Table 1). Clinical use of these drugs can be dangerous in some species or ineffective in others. When selecting an antimicrobial agent for use in exotic animals and small mammals, the clinician should consider the following issues. The species of animal affected and the normal bacterial flora in the animal. The pathogens that usually cause disease in this animal. The organ system involved. The antimicrobial most likely to be effective against the suspected pathogen. The dose and route of administration of the antimicrobial. The possible side effects or toxicity of the drug. With these factors in mind, successful antibacterial therapy should be possible in many cases involving small mammals and exotic animals. Nevertheless, antimicrobial therapy can only be effective in combination with additional supportive care such as fluid therapy, nutritional support, and intensive care. Seriously ill animals, especially small animals with a high metabolic rate, need immediate and aggressive therapy. Fluoroquinolones seem to be a promising family of new antimicrobials for the treatment of infectious diseases in small mammals and exotic animals. Information about use in these animals is available for enrofloxacin (Baytril(-Bayer), the first antibacterial of this family available to veterinary medicine,' as well as for ciprofloxacin (Ciprobay(-Bayer), which is licensed for use in humans. Currently, marbofloxacin (Marbocyl(-Vetoquinol) and orbifloxacin (Victas S(-Dainippon) are licensed for use in small animals in some countries, but as of yet no data exist about their use in small mammals and exotic animals. This article reviews the information available about the practical use of fluoroquinolones in diseases of caged birds, reptiles, amphibians, and small mammals. Journal Article Graczyk, T.K.;Cranfield, M.R.;Hill, S.L. 1996 Therapeutic efficacy of halofuginone and spiramycin treatment against Cryptosporidium serpentis (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infections in captive snakes Parasitology Research 82 2 143-148 CALVES; PARVUM Journal Article Graczyk, T.K.;Fayer, R.;Cranfield, M.R. 1996 Cryptosporidium parvum is not transmissible to fish, amphibians, or reptiles Journal of Parasitology 82 5 748-751 Amphibia, reptilia, serpentes, sauria, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, Cryptosporidium parvum A recent report suggested that an isolate of Cryptosporidium parvum had established infections in fish, amphibians, and reptiles and raises concern that animals other than mammals might be a potential source of waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts. To test this possibility, viable C. parvum oocysts, infectious for neonatal BALB,c mice, were delivered by gastric intubation to bluegill sunfish, poison-dart frogs, African clawed frogs, bearded dragon lizards, and corn snakes. Histological sections of the stomach, jejunum, ileum, and cloaca prepared from tissues collected on days 7 and 14 postinoculation (PI) were negative for Cryptosporidium developmental stages. However, inoculum-derived oocysts were detectable by fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody in feces of inoculated animals from day 1 to day 12 PI in fish and frogs, and up to day 14 PI in lizards. Snakes did not defecate for 14 days PI. Impression smears taken at necropsy on days 7 and 14 PI revealed C. parvum oocysts in the lumen of the cloaca of 2 fish and 1 lizard on day 7 PI only. Because tissue stages of the pathogen were not found, it appears that C. parvum was not heterologously transmitted to lower vertebrates. Under certain circumstances, however, such as after the ingestion of C. parvum-infected prey, lower vertebrates may disseminate C, parvum oocysts in the environment. TK Graczyk,Baltimore Zoo,Dept Med,Druid Hill Pk,Baltimore, MD 21217 USA Journal Article Graczyk, T.K.;Cranfield, M.R.;Bicknese, E.J.;Wisnieski, A.P. 1996 Progressive ulcerative dermatitis in a captive, wild-caught, South American giant tree frog (Phyllomeduca bicolor) with microsporidial septicemia. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 4 522-527 Amphibia, anura, frog Phyllomedusa bicolor, infection, protozoa, Babesiosoma stableri Hepatozoon sp One of 14 captive, wild-caught South American giant tree frogs (Phyllomedusa bicolor) displayed progressive ulcerative erythematous dermatitis on the dorsal skin lateral to the vertebral column and on the left hind leg. It had septicemia of unknown etiology. Tissue imprints revealed a mass of microsporidial spores. Red blood cells were parasitized by gamonts of Hepatozoon sp. (Apicomplexa: Hepatozooidae) or meronts of Babesiosoma stableri (Apicomplexa: Dactylostomatidae) or had inclusions and single or multiple cytoplasm lesions caused by frog erythrocytic virus. Monocytes had lesions in the nuclei and cytoplasm caused by frog leucocytic virus. Intramuscular injections with 6.25 mg of chloramphenicol sodium succinate for 18 days and topically administration of oxytetracycline HC1 with polymyxin B sulfate for 21 days led to healing of the lesions. The total prevalence of infection for 14 P. bicolor was 50% for B. stableri and Hepatozoon sp., 36% for frog erythrocytic virus, and 21% for frog leucocytic virus. TK Graczyk Johns Hopkins Univ Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol 615 N Wolfe St Baltimore, MD 21205 USA Journal Article Graczyk, T.K.;Cranfield, M.R. 1996 Assessment of the conventional detection of fecal Cryptosporidium serpentis oocysts in subclinically infected captive snakes Veterinary Research 27 2 185-192 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, Cryptosporidium serpentis Fecal specimens of seven captive snakes naturally subclinically infected with Cryptosporidium serpentis were monitored for 131 days for the presence and concentration of oocysts. Thirty-three of 81 (41%) of the monoclonal antibody positive stools were read as negative (sensitivity 59%) by the acid-fast-stained (AFS) fecal smears. Oocyst concentrations in the false-negative stools ranged between 6.0 x 10(3), g to 2.5 x 10(4), g. The experimentally determined concentration-threshold of oocyst detection by AFS fecal smear was 3.0 x 10(4), g. The stool weights did not conform to a normal distribution; the oocyst concentration was significantly correlated with the stool weight (P < 0.01). Due to this correlation, stools which constituted less than 0.41% of the snake weight were classified as negative by the AFS fecal smears. The AFS fecal smear technique should be used exclusively for the determination of Cryptosporidium-positive snakes, but not for diagnosis of snake negativity for Cryptosporidium; it should be applied only for larger fecal specimens, such as those which constitute more than 0.41% of snake weight. At least five to seven stool samples should be examined by fecal smear in order to determine snake positivity for Cryptosporidium in subclinical infection. TK Graczyk, Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Molec Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA Journal Article Graczyk, T.K.;Owens, R.;Cranfield, M.R. 1996 Diagnosis of subclinical cryptosporidiosis in captive snakes based on stomach lavage and cloacal sampling Veterinary Parasitology 67 3-4 143-151 Reptilia, serpentes, infecton, protozoa, apicomplexa, cryptosporidiosis, Cryptosporidium serpentis, stomach lavage, cloacal swab, fecal smear The applicability of stomach lavage and cloacal swab techniques for diagnosis of subclinical cryptosporidiosis were tested in eight captive snakes subclinically infected with Cryptosporidium serpentis. Two feeding regimes were employed. The snakes were first fed 7 days prior to stomach and cloaca sampling, and then 3 days prior to sampling, and the oocysts were detected by fluorescein labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) and by acid-fast stained (AFS) direct wet smear (DWS), The overall sensitivity of AFS DWS was 95% for stomach samples and 57% for cloacal samples, with false-negativity of 5% and 43%, respectively, A significant relationship (P < 0.01) was found between stomach and cloacal samples when mAb were used for oocyst detection, Stomach sampling was diagnostically superior to cloacal sampling for identifying snake subclinical cryptosporidiosis, Based on gastric aspirates, cryptosporidial infection was diagnosed in all eight animals, and only in two or four snakes when cloacal swab material was processed by AFS or by mAb, respectively, Feeding snakes 3 days prior to sampling facilitated diagnosis based on stomach samples; however, it did not improve diagnosis when cloacal samples were used, The fraction of oocyst-positive stomach samples was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for snakes fed 3 days prior to gastric lavage when compared with the fraction of positive samples of snakes fed 7 days prior to lavage. If subclinical cryptosporidiosis is suspected in a non-eating snake patient, force-feeding and stomach lavage, 3 days after the meal, is recommended. TK Graczyk, Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA Journal Article Graf, Andreas 1996 Vorstellung der in der zuchtgemeinschaft Chamaeleonidae gezüchteten chamäleonarten Tiel V. Bradypodion thamnobates Raw, 1976 Sauria 18 2 39-42 Reptilia; Squamata; Sauria; Chamaeleonidae; Bradypodion thamnobates; husbandry; behavior; breeding; juveniles Journal Article Grafe, T. U. 1996 The function of call alternation in the African reed frog (Hyperolius marmoratus): precise call timing prevents auditory masking Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38 148-158 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, calls-timing, phonotaxis, playback, sexual selection, Hyperolius marmoratus Journal Article Graff, David 1996 Sea turtle nesting and utilization survey in Sao Tomé Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 8-12 Sea turtles, Sao Tomé Journal Article Graham, Terry;Georges, Arthur;McElhinney, Neil 1996 Terrestrial orientation by the eastern long-neck turtle, Chelodina longicollis, from Australia Journal of Herpetology 30 4 467-477 Chelodina longicollis; Australia; Terrestrial orientation Journal Article Graham, Terry;Georges, Arthur 1996 Struts for collapsible funnel traps Herpetological Review 27 4 189-190 turtle traps Journal Article Grange, D.R.;Benton, M.J. 1996 Kimmeridgian metriorhynchid crocodiles from England Palaeontology 39 2 497-514 fossil Remains of metriorhynchid crocodilians are rare in the British Kimmeridgian. A new partial metriorhynchid skull, recently discovered at Westbury, Wiltshire is provisionally assigned to Metriorhynchus superciliosus, a common narrow skulled species previously described from the Oxford Clay (Callovian) sequences of Peterborough. It is covered with encrustations on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, indicating a long period of exposure on the sea floor, in relatively oxic conditions, before burial. There is evidence for both predator damage and a phase of post depositional deformation. Journal Article Grant, Gilbert S.;Malpass, Howard;Beasley, Jean 1996 Correlation of leatherback turtle and jellyfish occurrence Herpetological Review 27 3 123-125 Dermochelys coriacea; diet Journal Article Grant, Gilbert S. 1996 Prey of the introduced Bufo marinus on American Samoa Herpetological Review 27 2 67-69 Bufo marinus Journal Article Grant, Tandora;Lemm, Jeff 1996 Lost and found: Hope for the Jamaican Iguana Iguana Times 5 3 51-56 Cyclura collei; conservation Journal Article Gray, Randall L. 1996 Care sheet for the genus Uromastyx Cold Blooded News 23 1 6-7 Uromastyx Journal Article Gray, A. R. 1996 Observation of eye rotation in anuran larvae The Herptile 21 3 113-118; 111 Anura; Eye rotation Journal Article Green, Darren 1996 The Macquarie River turtle Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 73-77 Emydura macquarii; habitat; Australia; activity; reproduction Journal Article Green, Darren 1996 Observations of reproduction in a southern population of Macquarie River turtles, Emydura macquarii Herpetofauna 26 2 2-5 Emydura macquarii; reproduction; nesting behavior; Australia Journal Article Green, Darren 1996 Observations of grooming in some captive Australian chelid turtles Herpetofauna 26 1 46-47 grooming behavior; Emydura; Chelodina Journal Article Green, David M.;Sharbel, timothy F.;Kearsley, Jennifer;Kaiser, Hinrich 1996 Postglacial range fluctuation, genetic subdivision and speciation in the Western North American Spotted Frog complex, Rana pretiosa Evolution 50 1 374-390 Journal Article Green, D. M.;T. F. Sharbel, J. Kearsley;Kaiser., H. 1996 Postglacial range fluctuation, genetic subdivision, and speciation in the western North American spotted frog complex, Rana pretiosa Evolution 50 374-390 Journal Article Greer, Gregory C. 1996 A black rat snake stops in for supper Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 78-80 Elaphe obsoleta Journal Article Greer, Gregory C. 1996 Natural Wildlife recruitment into a man-made urban pond Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 58-63 Journal Article Gregory, Patrick T.;Larsen, Karl W. 1996 Are there any meaningful correlates of geographic life-history variation in the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis? Copeia 1996 1 183-189 Thamnophis sirtalis; Geographic variation; Life history Journal Article Gregory, L.F.;Gross, T.S.;Bolten, A.B.;Bjorndal, K.A.;Guillette, L.J.Jr. 1996 Plasma corticosterone concentrations associated with acute captivity stress in wild loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) General and Comparative Physiology 104 312-320 loggerhead Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1996 Surfing for herps on the World Wide Web Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 106-109 Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1996 Bulletin boards Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 106-108 internet Journal Article Grenard, Steve 1996 Reptile-associated salmonellosis Litteratura Serpentium 16 5 114-120 Salmonella Journal Article Grenard, S. 1996 Salmonellosis derived from reptiles as a source of infection. Salmonellose met reptielen als besmettingsbron Litteratura serpentium 16 5 118-124 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, baceria, salmonella, zoonosis Journal Article Grenard, S. 1996 Reptiles as a source for salmonellosis Litteratura Serpentium 16 5 118-124 Reptilia, serpentes, infection, bacteria, Salmonella, zoonosis DGB VET WS 21-12-96 Infektie 250 Journal Article Greßler, Sabine 1996 Das heimliche Leben der Knoblauchkröte DATZ 49 10 641-644 Pleobates fuscus Journal Article Greven, Hartmut 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Die Amphibiens Rußlands und angrenzender Gebiete Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 202-203 Book Review Journal Article Griffin, Wendy 1996 Utila iguana gets helping hand from foreign friends Iguana Times 5 2 42-43 Book Griffiths, Richard A. 1996 Newts and Salamanders of Europe San Diego, CA Academic Press xii + 188 + 12 plates Journal Article Griffiths, A. D.;Christian, K. A. 1996 The effects of fire on the frillneck lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) in northern Australia Australian Journal of Ecology 21 386-398 Journal Article Griffiths, Anthony D.;Christian, Keith A. 1996 Diet and habitat use of frillneck lizards in a seasonal tropical environment Oecologia 106 39-48 Book Griffiths, Richard A. 1996 Newts and Salamanders of Europe San Diego, CA Academic Press xii, 188 p., 12 plates Journal Article Grillitsch, Heinz;Grillitsch, Britta 1996 Buchbesprechung: Der Laubfrosch (Hyla arborea L.). Ökologie und Artenschutz Herpetozoa 9 3/4 179 Book review Journal Article Grillitsch, Heinz;Schleiffer, Ernst;Tiedemann, Franz 1996 Katalog der Trockenpräparate der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. Stand: 31 Dezember 1995 Katalog der wissenschaftlichen Sammlingen des Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien 11 5 1-137 Journal Article Grimes, Kevin 1996 Awakening Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 306 Poetry Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Geographic variation, taxonomy, and distribution of Eumeces skiltonianus and E. lagunensis (Squamata: Scincidae) in Baja California, México Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 361-375 Baja California; Eumeces skiltonianus; Eumeces lagunensis; geographic variation; taxonomy; distribution Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Geographic Distribution. Petrosaurus repens Herpetological Review 27 3 153 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Cnemidophorus tigris does not occur on Isla San Benito, Baja California, México Herpetological Review 27 2 69-70 Cnemidophorus tigris Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee;Mahrdt, Clark R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pituophis melanoleucus annectens Herpetological Review 27 1 35 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee;McGuire, Jimmy A. 1996 Taxonomy and biogeography of the Sceloporus magister complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) in Baja California, México Herpetologica 52 3 416-427 Sceloporus magister; sceloporus lineatulus; Sceloporus monserratensis; Sceloporus rufidorsum; Sceloporus zosteromus; Baja California; Mexico; Isla Santa Catalina; Systematics; Pattern class; lineage Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phyllorhynchus decurtatus Herpetological Review 27 1 35 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee;Mahrdt, Clark R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Masticophis lateralis lateralis Herpetological Review 27 1 34 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis getula nigrita Herpetological Review 27 1 34 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eridiphas slevini slevini Herpetological Review 27 1 33-34 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phyllodactylus xanti Herpetological Review 27 1 32-33 Journal Article Grismer, L. Lee 1996? Islands, ancestors, polytomies, and paraphyly? Lizard evolution in the Gulf of California, México Abstracts, ASIH 1996 160 Journal Article Griswold, William G. 1996 Getting to the root of the square: basic corn snake genetics Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 42-50 Elaphe guttata; genetics Journal Article Griswold, Bill 1996 Corn snakes and basic genetics League of Florida Herpetological Societies 1996 February 19-24 Journal Article Gritis, Paul 1996 Book Review: Geckoes Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 32-36 Book Review Journal Article Grohovaz, Gabriele S.;Harley, Eric;Fabian, Barry 1996 Significant mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in natural populations of Xenopus laevis (Pipidae) from Southern Africa Herpetologica 52 2 247-253 Anura; Pipidae; Xenopus laevis; Mitochondrial DNA Journal Article Gross, M.R. 1996 Alternative reproductive strategies and tactics: diversity within sexes Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 92-98 reproduction Journal Article Grossenbacher, Kurt 1996 Verbreitung und Status der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina variegata L.) in der Schweiz Naturschutzreport 11 1 198-204 Journal Article Grossmann, Wolfgang 1996 Elaphe porphyracea (Cantor) Sauria 18 4 2 Elaphe porphyracea Journal Article Grossmann, Wolfgang 1996 Buchbesprechung: Geckos der welt - Alle Gattungen Sauria 18 4 28 Book review Journal Article Grossmann, Wolfgang 1996 Beobachtungen an Gekko ulikovskii Darewski & Orlov, 1994 Sauria 18 2 31-34 Reptilia; Sauria; Gekkonidae; Gekko ulikovskii; observations; feeding; intraspecific behavior; territoriality Journal Article Grossmann, Wolgang 1996 Ein einfacher inkubator zur zeitigung von reptilieneiern Sauria 18 2 45-46 Incubator; vermiculite Journal Article Grosso, Fabio Nicola 1996 Il biacco, il serpente in frac ReptiMagazine 2 2 28-29 Coluber viridiflavus Book Section Große, Wolf-Rüdiger 1996 Vorkommen und Habitatwahl der Rotbauchunke im westlichen Leipziger Auenwal (Sachsen) Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 14-20 Bombina bombina; Germany; Ecology; Habitat Journal Article Grover, Mark C. 1996 Microhabitat use and thermal ecology of two narrowly sympatric Sceloporus (Phrynosomatidae) lizards Journal of Herpetology 30 2 152-160 Sceloporus undulatus; Sceloporus occidentalis; Sympatry; Thermoregulation; Niche partitioning; Utah Journal Article Gruschwitz, Michael 1996 (1997) Buchbesprechungen: Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie Band 1, Heft 1/2 Salamandra 32 4 288 Book review Journal Article Grychta, Udo 1996 Claudius angustatus Cope Sauria 18 3 Supplement 353-356 Claudius angustatus Journal Article Grychta, Udo 1996 Haltung und Nachzucht der Mexiko-Klappschilkröte Kinosternon integrum Le Conte, 1854. [Husbandry and breeding of the Mexican mud-turtle Kinosternon integrum Le Conte, 1854] Sauria 18 3 13-15 Reptilia; Cryptodira; Kinosternidae; Kinosternon integrum; husbandry; behavior; reproduction; juveniles Journal Article Guada, Hedelvy J.;Garcia, Lurelvia;Diaz, Juan Carlos;Rodriguez, Gladys;Albornoz, Mariana;Penoth, Juan Francisco 1996 Leatherback nesting at La Blanquilla Island, Venezuela Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 18-19 Dermochelys coriacea Journal Article Guada, Hedelvy;Vera, Vicente 1996 Las tortugas marinas en los Parques Nacionales de Venezuela Herpetonoticias 4 3-4 Journal Article Guillette, L.J.;Crain, A. 1996 Endocrine disrupting contaminants and reproductive abnormalities in reptiles Comm. Toxicol. 5 4-5 381-399 AM, toxic, disease, reproduction, embryology, Journal Article Guillette, L.J.;Cox, M.C.;Crain, D.A. 1996 Plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentration during the reproductive cycle of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 104 1 116-122 AM, endocrinology, reproduction, biochemistry, Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is involved in the growth, reproduction, and development of vertebrates. In this study we report plasma IGF-I concentrations throughout the reproductive cycle of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and consider these concentrations with respect to several reproductive steroid hormones and ions involved in reptilian reproduction. Mean plasma IGF-I concentrations were significantly different among reproductive stages. Maximal plasma concentrations of IGF-I were observed throughout gravidity. Plasma IGF-I concentration was not correlated with plasma concentrations of estradiol-17 beta, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, total protein, or body size, but was correlated with plasma progesterone concentration. We hypothesize that the elevated concentrations of IGF-I in gravid female alligators are due to the synthesis of this hormone for incorporation into eggs as well as residual IGF-I that could function in the stimulation of uterine secretory products. Journal Article Guillette, L.J., Jr.;Pickford, D.B.;Crain, D.A.;Rooney, A.A.;Percival, H.F. 1996 Reduction in penis size and plasma testosterone concentrations in juvenile alligators living in a contaminated environment Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 101 1 32-42 AM, disease, toxic, reproduction, sex, FL, The development of the male reproductive ducts and external genitalia in vertebrates is dependent on elevated androgen concentrations during embryonic development and the period of postnatal growth. We have observed that a population of juvenile alligators living on Lake Apopka exhibit significantly smaller penis size (24% average decrease) and lower plasma concentrations of testosterone (70% lower concentrations) when compared to animals of similar size on Lake Woodruff. In addition to smaller phalli, no relationship exists between plasma testosterone concentrations and penile size in males from Lake Apopka, whereas a positive relationship exists for males from Lake Woodruff. The alligators on Lake Apopka are known to have elevated concentrations of the antiandrogenic DDT breakdown product p.p'-DDE stored in their fat. We suggest a number of hypotheses that could explain the modification in the phenotype of the juvenile male living in Lake Apopka. These modifications in phenotype include a smaller penis size, lower plasma androgen concentrations, and lack of responsiveness of the penis to the plasma androgens present. Journal Article Guinea, Michael L. 1996 Functions of the cephalic scales of the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus Journal of Herpetology 30 1 126-128 Emydocephalus annulatus; Cephalis scales Journal Article Guix, Juan C. 1996 Actividad invernal de anuros en tres sierras del sudeste de Brasil Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 31-34 Journal Article Gumprecht, Andreas 1996 Elaphe flavolineata (Schlegel) Sauria 18 3 Supplement 373-376 Elaphe flavolineata Journal Article Gumprecht, Andreas 1996 Buchbesprechung: Kornnattern Sauria 18 3 28 Book review Journal Article Gupta, Brij Kishor 1996 A note on reproduction in the desert monitor (Varanus griseus) Hamadryad 21 43 Varanus griseus; reproduction Journal Article Gupta, Brij Kishor 1996 On the tick Aponoma gervaisi in Varanus bengalensis and V. griseus Hamadryad 21 43-44 Varanus bengalensis; Varanus griseus Journal Article Gurrola-Hidalgo, Marco A.;Chavez, Noemi 1996 Lampropeltis triangulum nelsoni. Predation Herpetological Review 27 2 83 Journal Article Gutberlet, Ronald L., Jr;Stewart, Carol L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Kinosternon odoratum Herpetological Review 27 3 151 Journal Article Gutbertlet, Ronald L.;Franklin, Carl J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster Herpetological Review 27 4 213 Journal Article Guyer, Craig;Crother, Brain I. 1996 Additional comments on the origin of the West Indian Herpetofauna Herpetologica 52 4 620-622 West Indies; Vicariance; biogeography; dispersal Journal Article Guyer, Craig;Laska, Mark S. 1996 Coluber (=Masticophis) mentovarius (Tropical racer). Predation Herpetological Review 27 4 203 Journal Article Guyer, Craig;Crother, Brian I. 1996 Additional comments on the origin of the West Indian herpetofauna Herpetologica 52 4 620-622 Journal Article Guyer, Craig;Nicholson, Kirsten E.;Baucom, Susan 1996 Effects of tracked vehicles on gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) at Fort Benning military installation, Georgia Georgia Journal of Science 54 4 195-203 Edited Book Guzik, Marek 1996 Biologia plazów i gadów: materialy konferencyjne Kraków Wydawnictwo Naukowe WSP 100 Edited Book Guzik, Marek 1996 Biologia plazów i gadów materialy konferencyjne Kraków, Poland Wydawnictwo Naukowe WSP 100 Journal Article Günther, Rainer 1996 Buchbesprechung: A Monograph of the Colubrid Snakes of the Genus Elaphe Fitzinger Sauria 18 4 43-44 Book review Book Section Günther, Rainer 1996 Einführende Worte anläßlich der "Rotbauchunkentagung" in Berlin vom 12. - 14. 2. 1993 Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 4-5 Bombina bombina; Germany; Ecology; Status Book Günther, Rainer 1996 Die Amphibien und Reptilien Deutschlands Jena Gustav Fischer 825 Germany Journal Article Günther, Edzard 1996 Salamandra salamandra bernardezi Wolterstorff, 1928 in Oviedo, Spanien: Ein Schwanzlurch als Stadtbewohner [Salamandra salamandra bernardezi Wolterstorff, 1928 in Oviedo, Spain: A tailed amphibian species inhabiting urban areas] Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 1-18 Spain; Salamandra salamandra bernardezi; Habitats; distribution; population densities; Coloration Edited Book Günther, Rainer 1996 Die Amphibien und Reptilien Deutschlands Jena Gustav Fischer Verlag 826 Journal Article Haas, A. 1996 Das larvale Cranium von Gastrotheca riobambae und seine Metamorphose (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg 36 33-162 Journal Article Haas, A. 1996 Non-feeding and feeding tadpoles of hemiphractine frogs: larval head morphology, heterochrony, and systematics of Flectonotus goeldii (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 34 163-171 Journal Article Haddad, Célio F. B.;Pombal, José P., Jr;Bastos, Rogério P. 1996 New species of Hylodes from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) Copeia 1996 4 965-969 Hylodes heyeri sp. nov.; new species; Brazil; Leptodactylidae Journal Article Hager, Stephen B. 1996 Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillii. Growth Herpetological Review 27 2 80 Journal Article Hague, Gary 1996 Your pet reptile - Questions and answers Cold Blooded News 23 2 10-11 Journal Article Hailey, A.;Coulson, I.M. 1996 Temperature and the tropical tortoise Kinixys spekii: Constraints on activity level and body temperature Journal of Zoology 240 Part 3 523-536 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, Kinixys spekii, physiology, preferred body temperature, activity Movements of five Kinixys spekii were measured continuously during six weeks of their activity season, by thread-trailing. The mean daily movement distance was negatively correlated with maximum shade air temperature, but not significantly related to minimum temperature, rainfall, or humidity. There was a midday period of inactivity of increasing length as maximum air temperature exceeded 29 degrees C. Temperatures of models suggest that lower activity on hot days was due to the risk of overheating in this small (mean mass 617 g) tortoise. Kinixys spekii had a mean field body temperature (T-b) of 27 degrees C, which is low compared to other tortoises (including sympatric Geochelone pardalis, mean T-b = 32.5 degrees C), but salivated at a similar T-b (38.4 degrees C). This pattern also occurs in other small species; mean and maximum field T(b)s of tortoises are positively correlated with body mass, but salivation and critical maximum T(b)s do not vary with body mass. Low field T-b provides a wide safely margin before evaporation of water becomes necessary. Kinixys spekii had a short annual activity period, with about 95% of sightings in four months (December to March). Monthly sightings of K. spekii were correlated with rainfall, but not significantly related to temperature or humidify. Seasonal activity is therefore related to rainfall, but within the rainy season the level and pattern of daily activity is related to temperature. A Hailey, Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Biol Sci, POB MP167, Harare, Zimbabwe Journal Article Hailey, A.;Coulson, I.M. 1996 Temperature and the tropical tortoise Kinixys spekii: Tests of thermoregulation Journal of Zoology 240 Part 3 537-549 Reptilia, testudines, tortoise, Kinixys spekii, physiology, preferred body temperature, thermoregulation The mean body temperature (T-b) of active Kinixys spekii did not vary with sex or type of activity, or between hot days (maximum ambient temperature T-a > 29 degrees C) and cool days. On hot days, T-b increased rapidly in the morning, and was constant during the late afternoon after midday inactivity. On cool days, T-b increased more slowly in the morning, and decreased during the afternoon. The slopes of T-b On T-a overall, and on hot days, were close to one, suggesting that tortoises were thermoconformers; the slope was greater than one on cool days. In a second test of thermoregulation, T(b)s were compared with temperatures of null models (T-m). Tortoises were clearly thermoregulators compared to 'active-all-day' models. 'Activity-time' models had T-m more similar to T-b. Nevertheless, detailed comparison showed that tortoises were thermoregulating in the late morning, and that this was by choice of microenvironment, rather than ceasing activity when T-b reached a high level. These results are discussed in relation to E, a measure of the effectiveness of thermoregulation based on comparison of T-b and T-m with the set point range (T-set) selected in a thermal gradient. A set of three indices, which separate the variability of T-b, the difference between T-b and T-m, and between T-b and T-set is suggested as a more generally applicable summary of thermoregulation in ectotherms. A Hailey, 52 Mascotts Close, London NW2 6NS, England Journal Article Hakansson, Tony 1996 Origin of cuban crocodiles in Sweden Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 16-17 Journal Article Hakansson, B. O. 1996 A wonderful dog-master story [letter] Trop Doct 26 2 88 Adult; *Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Arm Injuries/*etiology; *Behavior, Animal; Bites and Stings/*complications; Case Report; *Dogs; Female; Human; Zimbabwe Journal Article Hall, Heather 1996 Collection planning for the 21st Century Rephiberary 1996 224 2-6 Journal Article Hall, Georgiana 1996 The Egyption tortoise Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 14 2 4-5 Journal Article Hallmann, Gerhard 1996 Gecos diurnos de Madagascar: Phelsuma standingi observaciones en la Naturaleza en el terrario Reptilia 2 8 23-25 Phelsuma standingi Journal Article Hallowell, Mark 1996 Experiences with a water monitor (Varanus salvator) The Rephiberary 229 9-13 Varanus salvator Journal Article Halloy, Monique 1996 Behavioral patterns in Liomaemus quilmes (Tropiduridae), a Southe American Lizard Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 43-57 Journal Article Hamel, Paul B. 1996 Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma (Western cottonmouth). Carrion feeding Herpetological Review 27 3 143 Journal Article Hamer, Andrew J. 1996 A survey of the frog fauna of Redhead Lagoon, Awabakal Nature Reserve, New South Wales Herpetofauna 26 2 8-13 Australia; Litoria fallax; Litoria freycineti; Litoria jervisiensis; Litoria peronii; Litoria revelata; Litoria tyleri; Adelotus brevis; Crinia signifera; Limnodynastes dumerilii grayi; Limnodynastes peronii; Paracrinia haswelli; Uperoleia laevigata Journal Article Hamilton, Ray 1996 Book review: Colour Guide to the Snakes of Sri Lanka Rephiberary 1996 221 7 Book review Journal Article Hammond, Steve 1996 The arabesque boa Reptiles 4 11 10-13 Boa constrictor Journal Article Hanfee, Fahmeeda 1996 La explotación de tortugas de agua dulce en la India Reptilia 1 3 56-58 India Journal Article Hanley, Kevin;Hanley, Sue 1996 Macrophotography of amphibians and reptiles Sonoran Herpetologist 9 1 4 Bothriechis schlegelii Journal Article Hannah, David S.;Smith, Geoffrey C. 1996 The baiting of pitfall traps with vegetable oils - Its effect on the captures of herptiles in a coastal lowland community Herpetofauna 26 2 16-18 Pitfall traps; Survey techniques Journal Article Hansen, Lara 1996 Amphibian decline and environmenal alterations Froglog 1996 19 3 Amphibian decline; Environmental alterations Journal Article Harbig, Peter 1996 Buchbesprechung: Skinke im Terrarium Sauria 18 4 17-18 Book review Journal Article Harbig, Peter 1996 Phyllodactylus siamensis Boulenger Sauria 18 3 Supplement 357-360 Phyllodactylus siamensis Journal Article Harcourtbrown, F. 1996 Ultraviolet lights for reptiles Veterinary Record 138 21 528 Reptilia, sauria, physiology, Ultra violet, light F Harcourtbrown/30 Crab Lane/Bilton HG1 3BE/N Yorkshire, England Journal Article Hardy, David L. 1996 Video Review: The Timber Rattlesnake: Shadow of Misunderstanding Sonoran Herpetologist 9 2 13 Video Review Journal Article Hare, W. A.;Owen, W. G. 1996 Receptive field of the retinal bipolar cell: a pharmacological study in the tiger salamander J Neurophysiol 76 3 2005-19 Ambystoma; Animal; Bicuculline/pharmacology; Cones (Retina)/drug effects/physiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology; Glycine Agents/pharmacology; GABA/pharmacology; GABA Agonists/pharmacology; GABA Antagonists/pharmacology; In Vitro; Photoreceptors/drug effects/*physiology; Picrotoxin/pharmacology; Receptors, Glycine/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, GABA-A/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, GABA-B/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors; Retina/*cytology/drug effects/*physiology; Strychnine/pharmacology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Visual Pathways/cytology/physiology; 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology 1. It is widely believed that signals contributing to the receptive field surrounds of retinal bipolar cells pass from horizontal cells to bipolar cells via GABAergic synapses. To test this notion, we applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and antagonists to isolated, perfused retinas of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum while recording intracellularly from bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and photoreceptors. 2. As we previously reported, administration of the GABA analogue D-aminovaleric acid in concert with picrotoxin did not block horizontal cell responses or the center responses of bipolar cells but blocked the surround responses of both on-center and off- center bipolar cells. 3. Surround responses were not blocked by the GABA, antagonists picrotoxin or bicuculline, the GABAB agonist baclofen or the GABAB antagonist phaclofen, and the GABAC antagonists picrotoxin or cis-4-aminocrotonic acid. Combinations of these drugs were similarly ineffective. 4. GABA itself activated a powerful GABA uptake mechanism in horizontal cells for which nipecotic acid is a competitive agonist. It also activated, both in horizontal cells and bipolar cells, large GABAA conductances that shunted light responses but that could be blocked by picrotoxin or bicuculline. 5. GABA, administered together with picrotoxin to block the shunting effect of GABAA activation, did not eliminate bipolar cell surround responses at concentrations sufficient to saturate the known types of GABA receptors. 6. Surround responses were not blocked by glycine or its antagonist strychnine, or by combinations of drugs designed to eliminate GABAergic and glycinergic pathways simultaneously. 7. Although we cannot fully discount the involvement of a novel GABAergic synapse, the simplest explanation of our findings is that the primary pathway mediating the bipolar cell's surround is neither GABAergic nor glycinergic. Journal Article Harling, Richard 1996 Notes on keeping and breeding Phelsuma laticauda (the gold dust or flat tailed day gecko) British Herpetological Society Bulletin 57 29-32 Phelsuma laticauda Journal Article Harlow, Peter S. 1996 A harmless technique for sexing lizards Herpetological Review 27 2 71-72 Sexing lizards Journal Article Harrel, J. Brent;Douglas, Neil H.;Haraway, Maury M.;Thomas, R. Dale 1996 Mating behavior in captive alligator snapping turtles (Macroclemys temminckii) Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 101-105 Reptilia; Testudines; Chelydridae; Macroclemys temminckii Journal Article Harris, Lester E. 1996 Lizards lost in time: Galapagos land iguanas Iguana Times 5 2 27-32 Conolophus subcristatus; Galapagos Journal Article Harrison, Christopher R. 1996 Book review: The Dangerous Snakes of Africa: Natural History: Species Directory: Venoms and Snakebite Copeia 1996 3 754-755 Book review Journal Article Hart, M. W. 1996 Evolutionary loss of larval feeding: development, form and function in a facultatively feeding larva, Brisaster latifrons Evolution 50 174-187 Journal Article Hartlooper, E. 1996 More haste less speed Litteratura Serpentium 16 5 128-129 Journal Article Harvey, Michael B. 1996 A new species of glass frog (Anura: Centrolenidae: Cochranella) from Bolivia, and the taxonomic status of Cochranella flavidigitata Herpetologica 52 3 427-435 Cochranella flavidigitata; Cochranella bejaranoi; Bolivia; New species; Cochranella nola sp. nov. Journal Article Haskell, Alison;Graham, Terry E.;Griffin, Curtice R.;Hestbeck, Jay B. 1996 Size related survival of headstarted redbelly turtles (Pseudemys rubiventris) in Massachusetts Journal of Herpetology 30 4 524-527 Pseudemys rubiventris; head-started; conservation; repatriation Journal Article Hassel, A. 1996 Book review: Self-Assessment Colour Review of Reptiles and Amphibians Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 178 Book review Journal Article Hastey, Ed 1996 Activities and role of the desert tortoise Management Oversight Group in tortoise conservation Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 26-28 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Hasumi, Masato 1996 Times required for ovulation, egg sac formation, and ventral gland secretion in the salamander Hynobius nigrescens Herpetologica 52 4 605-611 Hynobius nigrescens; salamander; ovulation egg sac formation; ventral gland secretion; water absorption Journal Article Hasumi, Masato 1996 Seasonal fluctuations of female reproductive organs in the salamander Hynobius nigrescens Herpetologica 52 4 598-605 Hynobius nigrescens; salamander; reproductive cycle; ovary; oviduct; fat body; ventral gland Book Hatfield, James W. 1996 Green Iguana: The Ultimate Owner's Manual Portland, OR Dunthorpe Press 655 + 16 Color plates Iguana igauna Journal Article Haverly, Joseph E.;Kardong, Kenneth V. 1996 Sensory deprivation effects on the predatory behavior of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus Copeia 1996 2 419-428 Crotalus viridis oreganus; predatory behavior; predatory strike; sensory input Journal Article Hawgood, B. J. 1996 Sir Joseph Fayrer MD FRS (1824-1907) Indian Medical Service: snakebite and mortality in British India Toxicon 34 2 171-82 Whilst Professor of Surgery at the Calcutta Medical College, Dr Fayrer studied all aspects of snake poisoning. His work, The Thanatophidia of India being a Description of the Venomous Snakes of the Indian Peninsula, with an Account of the Influence of their Poison of Life; and a Series of Experiments was published in 1872. Collating information from official Government records of death due to snakebite, Fayrer recorded a mortality of 11,416 persons for the year 1869 in the Presidency of Bengal and estimated a mortality of more than 20,000 for all British India. In 1872, working in London with Lauder Brunton, Fayrer studied the physiological action on Naja naja venom in more detail. Respiratory paralysis was due to a curare-like blockade of the neuromuscular junction, and they believed, a central effect also; artificial respiration was ineffective in producing recovery. A large dose of cobra venom was observed to induce tetanic contraction of the heart both in vivo and in vitro. As President of the Medical Board of the India Office in London from 1873 to 1895, Sir Joseph Fayrer was much concerned with cholera epidemics which resulted in an average mortality of over 200,000 persons annually. In 1885, he represented the Indian Government at the fourth International Conference on Cholera, a fore-runner of the World Health Organization. Journal Article Hawker, Mark 1996 Captive maintenance and breeding of the tree dragon Amphibolurus muricatus Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 78-83 Amphibolurus muricatus Journal Article Hayes, William K. 1996 Iguanas, salmonella and herpetoculture: a conflict of interest...and conscience? Iguana Times 5 2 38-39 Salmonella Journal Article Hayes-Odum, Louise;Hill-Kennedy, Toni;Bailey, Lorena;Cowman, Deborah;Reiff, Patricia 1996 Alligator mississippiensis (American alligator). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 4 199-200 Journal Article Hays, J. B.;A. R. Blaustein, J. M. Kiesecker, P. D. Hoffman, I. Pandelova, D. Coyle;Richardson., T. 1996 Developmental responses of amphibians to solar and artificial UVB sources: a comparative study Photochem. Photobiol. 64 449-456 Journal Article Hädinger, Manuel Lladó 1996 Physignathus cocincinus el dragón de aqua [The water dragon] Reptilia 1 3 14-16 Physignathus cocincinus Journal Article Heang, Kiew Bong;Liat, Lim Boo;Lambert, Michael R. K. 1996 To determine the effects of logging and timber extraction, and conversion of primary forest to tree crop plantations, on herpetofaunal diversity in Peninsular Malaysia British Herpetological Society Bulletin 57 2-20 Peninsular Malaysia; forestry Journal Article Hecnar, S. J.;M'Closkey, R. T. 1996 Regional dynamics and the status of amphibians Ecology 77 2091-2097 disappearing amphibians, amphibian status, colonization, population dynamics, community dynamics, extinction, scale, metapopulations, species incidence, species persistence, species richness, Toxicants, toxicology, contaminants Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair 1996 Vicariance and dispersal in Caribbean biogeography Herpetologica 52 3 466-473 West Indies; Vertebrates; Amphibians; Reptiles; Molecular Journal Article Hedges, S. Blair 1996 More on West Indian Zoogeography Herpetologica 52 4 622-624 West Indies; vicariance; biogeography; dispersal Journal Article Heimbucher, Doris 1996 Verbreitung, Situation und Schutz der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) in Bayern Naturschutzreport 11 1 165-171 Journal Article Heinrich, George 1996 Micrurus fulvius fulvius (Eastern coral snake). Diet Herpetological Review 27 1 25 Micrurus fulvius; Diet Journal Article Heinrich, George;Studenroth, Karl R., Jr 1996 Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida cottonmouth). Diet Herpetological Review 27 1 22 Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti; Diet Journal Article Hendricks, Paul 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis elegans vagrans Herpetological Review 27 2 89 Journal Article Henle, Klaus 1996 Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Analyse von Ursachen des Artenrückgangs aus herpetofaunistischen Kartierungsdaten am Beispiel einer langjährigen Erfassung [Potentials and limitations of casual inferences on declines in the herpetofauna from mapping data illustrated by long-term mapping example] Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 73-101 Mapping data; Field experiments; Analysis of decline; Habitat loss; Pollution; Predation; Collecting; Exotic invadors Journal Article Henle, Klaus 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Hemische Froschlurche Salamandra 32 3 224 Book review Journal Article Henle, Klaus 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Molche und Salamander Salamandra 32 2 127-128 Book review Journal Article Henle, Klaus 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monografia Salamandra 32 3 223-224 Book review Journal Article Henle, Klaus 1996 Herpetological observations in Sturt National Park, northwestern New South Wales, with a comment on Ctenotus uber and C. astarte Herpetofauna 26 1 12-25 Herpetofauna; checklist; Sturt National Park; New South Wales; Ctenotus uber; Ctenotus astarte Journal Article Henle, Klaus 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Ecology and conservation of the European tree frog Salamandra 32 2 126-127 Book review Journal Article Henneman, Michael 1996 Angleton, Texas or bust Cold Blooded News 23 2 6-7 Journal Article Heppell, Selina S.;Crowder, Larry B.;Crouse, Deborah T. 1996 Models to evaluate headstarting as a management tool for long-lived turtles Ecological Applications 6 2 556-565 Endangered species management; headstart programs; kinosternon flavescens; Lepidochelys kempii; matrix models; sea turtles; turtles Journal Article Heppell, S.S.;Crowder, L.B.;Crouse, D.T. 1996 Models to evaluate headstarting as a management too for long-lived turtles Ecological Applications 6 2 556-565 ridley; conservation Journal Article Heppell, S.S.;Limpus, C. J.;Crouse, D. T.;Frazer, N. B.;Crowder, L. B. 1996 Population model analysis for the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, in Queensland Wildlife Research 23 143-159 loggerhead; population Journal Article Herbst, L.H.;Moretti, R.;Brown, T.;Klein, P.A. 1996 Sensitivity of the transmissible green turtle fibropapillomatosis agent to chloroform and ultracentrifugation conditions Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 25 3 225-228 Reptilia, testudines, green turtle, Chelonia mydas, infection, virus, herpesvirus, fibropapilloma, tumorigenicity Transmission experiments were conducted to further characterize the filterable transmissible agent that causes GTFP, fibropapillomatosis of green turtles Chelonia mydas. Cell-free homogenates (unfiltered or 0.45 mu m filtered), prepared from fibropapillomas of free-ranging green turtles (donors) and inoculated into 18 captive-reared recipients, induced tumors in recipients with an overall success rate of 83.3% (range: 0 to 100%). Chloroform treatment prior to inoculation destroyed tumorigenic activity of these homogenates. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the GTFP agent contains a lipid component, such as a viral envelope, necessary for tumorigenicity. Ultracentrifugation of tumor homogenates for 2 h at 100 000 x g cleared the supernatant of tumorigenic activity. Tumorigenicity was recovered in the ultracentrifuge pellet. The pellet, however,was less effective at inducing tumors than the starting material, indicating that the GTFP agent was damaged by these ultracentrifugation conditions. The possibility that the GTFP-associated herpes virus is the etiologic agent of GTFP was further supported by the observation of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in 24.3% of experimentally induced tumors in this study. Tumorigenic activity survived storage for several months at -80 degrees C and at least 1 yr at -180 degrees C, making it feasible to isolate the GTFP agent and its genome from frozen archived material once methods have been optimized. LH Herbst, Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA Journal Article Herman, Dennis W.;Hunter, Elizabeth;McGrath, Chris 1996 Geographic Distribution. Clemmys muhlenbergii Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article Hero, Jean-Marc 1996 Corrections to identification of photographs of 'endangered' frogs of the wet tropics rainforest Herpetofauna 26 1 32 Journal Article Herrel, Anthony;Cleuren, Johan;de Vree, Frits 1996 Kinematics of feeding in the lizard Agama stellio Journal of Experimental Biology 199 1727-1742 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1996 Pyxicephalus adspersus Tschudi Sauria 18 3 Supplement 377-380 Pyxicephalus adspersus Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim;Schink, Rolf 1996 Landschaftszauber von Itala TI Magazin 132 50-54 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim;Schink, Rolf 1996 In den Drakensbergen TI Magazin 131 54-58 Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1996 Breviceps mossambicus Peters Sauria 18 3 2 Breviceps mossambicus Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim;Schink, Rolf 1996 Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park TI Magazin 130 55-60 St Lucia Journal Article Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1996 Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park (I) TI Magazin 129 54-60 Book Herrmann, Hans-Joachim 1996 Das Taschenbuch der Terrarientiere Melle, Germany Tetra viii, 100 Journal Article Herrmann, Dirk 1996 Aktionsraum und Biotopverbund in südniedersächsischen Gelbbauchunken-Populationen Naturschutzreport 11 1 63-68 Journal Article Heselhaus, Ralf;Senkowski, Dagmar 1996 Herpetologische Impressionen aus der Dominikanischen Republik Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 12-19 Dominican Republic Journal Article Heselhaus, Ralf 1996 Pfeilgift-Mystische Substanz oder hilfreicher Wirkstoff? Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 28-29 Journal Article Heselhaus, Ralf 1996 Pfeilgiftfrösche der Gattung Phyllobates Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 30-37 Phyllobates Journal Article Heselhaus, Ralf 1996 Book review: Pfeilgiftfrösche im Terrarium Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 44 Book review Journal Article Heselhaus, Ralf 1996 Book review: Leguane im Terrarium Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 45 Book review Journal Article Heyer, Ron 1996 Vanishing amphibians: a real problem? World Conservation 1996 1 10-11 Amphibian decline Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald;de Sá, Rafael;McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David 1996 Leptodactylus silvanimbus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae): natural history notes, advertisement call, and relationships Herpetological Natural History 4 2 169-174 Leptodactylus silvanimbus; Natural history; Advertisement call Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald;García-Lopez, José M.;Cardoso, Adão J. 1996 Advertisement call variation in the Leptodactylus mystaceus species complex (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) with a description of a new sibling species Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 7-31 Leptodactylus mystaceus; advertisement call; geographic variation; Leptodactylus didymus n. sp.; New species Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald;Sá, Rafael de;McCranie, James R.;Wilson, Larry David 1996 Leptodactylus silvanimbus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae): Natural history notes, advertisement call, and relationships Herpetological Natural History 4 2 169-174 Journal Article Heyer, W. Ronald;Garcia-Lopez, Jose M.;Cardoso, Adao J. 1996 Advertisement call variation in the Leptodactylus mystaceus species complex (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) with a description of new sibling species Amphibia-Reptilia 17 7-31 Journal Article Heyer, W. R.;Garcia-Lopez, J. M.;Cardoso, A. J. 1996 Advertisement call variation in the Leptodactylus mystaceus species complex (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) with a description of a new sibling species Amphibia-Reptilia 17 7-31 calling, species, tropics Journal Article Hibbitts, Troy D.;Hibbitts, Marla O.;Hibbitts, Toby J. 1996 New distributional records of reptiles from Western and Trans-Pecos Texas, USA Herpetological Review 27 4 217-218 Journal Article Hicks, Michael 1996 The boas of Madagascar Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 22-27 Madagascar; Sanzinia; Acrantophis Journal Article Hicks, J.W.;Ishimatsu, A.;Molloi, S.;Erskin, A.;Heisler, N. 1996 The mechanism of cardiac shunting in reptiles: A new synthesis Journal of Experimental Biology 199 6 1435-1446 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, intracardiac shunting, Trachemys (Pseudemys) scripta, pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, digital subtraction angiography The mechanism of cardiac shunting in reptiles is controversial, Recent evidence suggests that a right-to-left shunt in turtles results primarily from a washout mechanism, The mechanism that accounts for left-to-right (L-R) shunting is unresolved, This study used haemodynamic analysis and digital subtraction angiography to determine the mechanism of L-R cardiac shunting in the turtle Trachemys (Pseudemys) scripta, Animals were instrumented with ultrasonic blood how probes (Transonic Systems, Inc.) for the measurement of total pulmonary blood flow and total systemic blood flow, In addition, catheters were inserted into the common pulmonary artery (PA), the systemic arteries, the left atrium and right atrium, These catheters were used for the measurement of blood pressure or for the infusion of radioopaque material, Haemodynamic conditions were altered by electrical stimulation of the afferent (VAF) or efferent vagal nerves or by infusion of vasoactive drugs, Under control conditions, the peak systolic pressure in the systemic arteries was slightly higher than that in the PA (30.6 versus 28.3 mmHg; 4.08 versus 3.77 kPa), whereas diastolic pressure in the PA was significantly less than that in the systemic arteries (9.8 versus 24.4 mmHg; 1.31 versus 3.25 kPa), During VAF stimulation, the peak systolic pressures in the PA and aortae almost doubled. Diastolic pressure in the systemic arteries also doubled, but it increased by only 45 % in the PA, Ejection of blood into the PA preceded that into the left aorta by 53 ms under control conditions, This difference increased (by as much as 200 ms) as the difference in the diastolic pressures between the two circulations increased during VAF stimulation, This resulted in the development of a large net L-R shunt, Under these conditions, digital subtraction angiography showed that the GR shunt resulted from a combination of both washout and pressure mechanisms. Journal Article Hicks, J.W.;Wang, T. 1996 Functional role of cardiac shunts in reptiles Journal of Experimental Zoology 275 2-3 204-216 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, crocodylia, physiology, heart, lung, blood flow shunt Cardiac shunting normally occurs in chelonians (turtles), squamates (lizards and snakes) and crocodilians (alligators, caimans, crocodiles). The magnitude of these shunts is affected by the ventilatory state and provides these animals with a flexibility in blood flow that cannot be achieved in mammals or birds. The differential distribution of blood flow into the pulmonary and systemic circulations has prompted physiologists to postulate the functional significance of such a circulatory design. Most authors agree that cardiac shunts are not atavistic relies, but represent an important cardiovascular adaptation in extant reptiles. Nevertheless, while these hypotheses may be intuitively appealing, experimental evidence attesting the advantageous role of cardiac shunts in pulmonary gas exchange is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to review, in detail, the various hypotheses that explain the functional significance of cardiac shunts in pulmonary gas exchange in intermittently breathing reptiles. JW Hicks, Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Journal Article Hidalgo, Oscar Osvaldo 1996 Observaciones sobre apareamiento de Epicrates cenchria maurus en Epoca Anomala Herpetonoticias 1996 5 3-4 Epicrates cenchria maurus Book Highfield, A. C. 1996 Practical Encyclopedia of Keeping and Breeding Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles London Carapace Press 295 Turtles Book Section Highfield, A. C.;Bayley, J. R. 1996 Conservation and ecology of tortoises (Testudo graeca graeca) in soutern Morocco Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 10-12 Testudo graeca Book Section Highfield, Andy C. 1996 The maintenance and breeding of tortoises and turtles in cold climates; a review of housing methods employed by the Tortoise Trust Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 35-37 Journal Article Highfield, A. C.;Bayley, J. R. 1996 El comercio de productos turísticos derivados de tortugas en Marruecos Reptilia 2 3 65-67 Journal Article Higley, Doug 1996 Keeping African house snakes Bulletin of the Wisconsin Herpetological Society 1996 January 6 Journal Article Hileman, B 1996 Frog deformities pose a mystery Chem. Eng. News 74 47 24 Amphibia, anura, pathology, deformity, intoxication Severe deformations were noted in Canadian and American frogs. Cyclopion, missing part of the skull, leg deformities were noted in frequencies ranging from 10 - 95 % Chromosomal abnormalities were not noted. Methopreen is under study as a suspected toxin. Journal Article Hilgenhof, Ralph 1996 Bau eines Paludariums unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der gemeinsamen Haltung arboricolor Echsen und kleiner Wasserschildkrötenarten. [Constructing a Paludarium with special consideration of the housing of arboreal lizards together with small terrapins] Sauria 18 3 17-27 Aqua-terrarium; cage construction Journal Article Hilgenhof, Ralph 1996 Zur beobachtung prädatorischer attacken dreier Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Neuwied, 1838) auf eine adulte Graptemys pseudogeographica kohni (Baur 1890) Sauria 18 2 35-38 Testudines; Emydidae; Trachemys scripta; Graptemys pseudogeographica; attack Journal Article Hill, Grace 1996 New Brest Van Kempen series: "Windows on Evolution" Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 54-56 Journal Article Hill, J.E.;Parnell, P.G. 1996 Adiaspiromycosis in bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 8 4 496-497 Amphibia, anura, Rana catesbeiana, inbfection, mycosis, fungus, Adiaspiromycosis JE Hill, Clemson Univ, Anim Diagnost Lab, POB 102406, Columbia, SC 29224 USA Edited Book Hillis, David M.;Moritz, Craig;Mable, Barbara K. 1996 Molecular Systematics. Second Edition Sunderland, MA Sinauer Associates xvi + 656 Journal Article Hillman, Stanley 1996 Book Review: Amphibian Biology-Volume 1 Herpetological Review 27 2 97-98 Book Review Book Himstedt, Werner 1996 Die Blindwühlen Magdeburg, Germany Westaro Wissenschaften 160 Journal Article Hingley, Kevin 1996 Thassos Reptilia 2 3 54-56 Journal Article Hingley, Kevin J. 1996 Captive care and breeding of the glossy snake Arizona elegans The Herptile 21 1 9-11 Arizona elegans Journal Article Hingley, Kevin J. 1996 Keeping and breeding the ladder snake, Elaphe scalaris Litteratura Serpentium 16 1 18-20 Elaphe scalaris Journal Article Hnizdo, Jan;Hagen, Nils 1996 Bemerkungen zur Herpetofauna der Südstaaten der U.S.A. Sauria 18 4 3-10 Amphibia; Reptilia; Southern USA; Biotopes; Behavior; Georgia; Florida; Mississippi; Louisiana; Alabama; North Carolina; South Carolina; Thamnophis sirtalis; Defensive behavior Journal Article Hobert, Justin;Donoho, Ron;Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Arizona elegans elegans Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Hobert, Justin;Quinn, Brandon;Donoho, Ron;Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Arizona elegans elegans Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Hobert, Justin;Donoho, Ron;Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Coluber constrictor flaviventris Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Hobert, Justin;Bergman, Enoch;Montgomery, Chad;Hill, Ben;Boback, Scott;Mackessey, Stephen P.;Holland, Richard L.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana catesbeiana Herpetological Review 27 4 209 Journal Article Hochleithner, M.;Hochleithner, C.;Strasser, A. 1996 Applicability of analyses by dry process to turtle blood Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift 83 2 39-42 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, haematology, values, plasma, blood, analysis, dry process In this investigation the possibility of using whole blood instead of plasma in the analysis of turtle blood by a dry process was examined. 7 parameters (uric acid, urea, AST, ALT, CK, glucose and cholesterol) in the blood samples collected from 10 different turtles were measured using plasma as well as whole blood in an analysis by dry process. Additionally these blood parameters were determined in an analysis by wet process. Results have been statistically evaluated. Only the measurement of ALT activity showed significant differences between whole blood and plasma values which were low in relation to changes caused by pathological processes. Therefore, we suggest that whole blood can be used for the measurement of the above mentioned parameters in the blood of the turtle. M Hochleithner/Muhlweg 5/A-1210 Vienna, Austria Journal Article Hoekert, Willem E. J.;Schouten, Arnoud D.;van Tienen, Luc H. G.;Weijerman, Mariska 1996 Is the Surinam olive ridley on the eve of extinction? First census data for olive ridleys, green turtles and leatherbacks since 1989 Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 1-4 Sea turtles Journal Article Hoggren, M.;Tegelstrom, H. 1996 Does long-term storage of spermatozoa occur in the adder (Vipera berus)? Journal of Zoology 240 Part 3 501-510 Reptilia, serpentes, adder,Vipera berus, propagation, sperm storage In the adder (Vipera berus) multiple inseminations during the spring mating season have been demonstrated. with fertilization taking place several weeks after mating activities have ceased. Subsequent sperm competition in the female reproductive tract can result in within-season mixed paternity. Prolonged sperm storage between mating seasons has been suggested as another mechanism of sperm competition in the adder. Competition between new and old spermatozoa would obstruct efforts to reveal reproductive strategies that correlate observed behaviour to paternity in natural populations. In the present study, controlled breeding experiments with adders were performed and DNA fingerprinting was used to determine paternity among all offspring of a total of 15 litters. The offspring of II large females, that had most probably also mated in a previous season. were sired exclusively by enclosure males. This result and earlier empirical data support the hypothesis that long-term sperm storage, over one or several reproductive cycles, does not occur in the adder. M Hoggren, Uppsala Univ, Dept Genet, Box 7003, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden Journal Article Hokit, D. G.;Walls, S. C.;Blaustein., A. R. 1996 Context-dependent kin discrimination in larvae of the marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum. Animal Behaviour 52 17-31 Journal Article Holfert, Tino 1996 Zur Fortpflanzung der Rauhen Grasnatter, Opheodrys aestivus (Linnaeus, 1766) Sauria 18 4 19-22 Reptilia; Serpentes; Colubridae; Opheodrys aestivus; reproduction; Multiple clutches Journal Article Holfert, Tino 1996 Haltung und Vermehrung der australischen Samtgeckos Oedura monilis und Oedura castelnaui Elaphe 4 3 19-24 Oedura monilis; Oedura castelnaui Journal Article Holland, Dan C.;Goodman, Robert H. 1996 Clemmys marmorata (Western pond turtle). Terrestrial habitat use Herpetological Review 27 4 198-199 Journal Article Hollander, Paul 1996 Book Review: Reptile and Amphibian Variants: Colors, Patterns, and Scales Iowa Herpetological Society News 19 2 6-7 Book Review Journal Article Hollingsworth, Bradford D.;Grismer, L. Lee 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sauromalus ater ater Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Hollingsworth, Bradford D.;Mellink, Erik 1996 Crotalus exsul lorenzoensis (San Lorenzo Island rattlesnake). Arboreal behavior Herpetological Review 27 3 143-144 Journal Article Hollingsworth, Bradford D. 1996 The molecular systematics of Uta (Phrynomatidae, Iguania) using mitochondrial DNA Abstracts: 1996 ASIH Annual Meeting 1996 Journal Article Hollowell, Mark 1996 Captive maintenance of aquatic chelonia Reptilian 4 4 47-51 Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1996 The large Pleistocene (Sangamonian) herpetofauna of the Williston IIIA site, north-central Florida Herpetological Natural History 4 1 35-47 Pleistocene; Sangamonian; herpetofauna; North-central Florida Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1996 Glad tidings, a late Middle Miocene herpetofauna from Northeastern Nebraska Journal of Herpetology 30 3 430-432 fossil; Middle Miocene Journal Article Holman, J. Alan 1996 A Palaeobatrachid anuran ilium from the British Eocene Herpetological Journal 6 1 35-36 Palaeobatrachus; fossil Journal Article Holmes, Gaylon LeCoy 1996 Reptiles and the animal control officer Vivarium 7 4 48-49;52 Journal Article Holomuzski, J. R.;Hemphill., N. 1996 Snail-tadpole interactions in streamside pools American Midland Naturalist 136 315-327 Journal Article Homer, Bruce L.;Berry, Kristin H.;Ross, Frank;Reggiardo, Carlos;Jacobson, Elliott R. 1996 Potentially toxic metals and minerals in liver and kidney of desert tortoises in California Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 34-35 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Homscheid, Angélique;Greven, Hartmut 1996 Aktivitäten der Schwimmwühle Typhlonectes compressicauda im Aquarium [Activities of the caecilian Typhlonectes compressicauda in the aquarium] Salamandra 32 3 181-192 Gymnophiona; Typhlonectes compressicauda; activity; arrythmic breathing Journal Article Homscheid, A.;Greven, H. 1996 Activities of the caecilian Typhlonectes compressicauda in the aquarium Salamandra 32 3 181-192 Typhlonectes Compressicauda; Aquarium Activity; Breathing Frequency; Behavior Activities of single specimens of the aquatic caecilian Typhlonectes compressicauda were quantified by night and during the day. The most time (74% on average) animals rested in their hiding places (e.g. holes in a brick), 26% of the time were used for shorter and longer activities; free swimming could rarely be observed. Breathing was arrhythmic and animals remained under water up to 99 minutes (at 24 degree C). As expected breathing frequency evaluated by the number of throat oscillations was increased at 28 degree C. Journal Article Hoogland, P.;Vermeulen-van der Zee, E.;Gelderop, E. van 1996 The lizard Gekko gecko in brain research De hagedis Gekko gecko in het hersenonderzoek Biotechniek 35 2 39-42 Reptilia, sauria, gekko gecko, management, infection, helminth, therapy Feeding esp. with newborn mice, Wax moths,grasshoppers and mealworms are added. Intestinal parasites combatted with Ivermectine (1% solution, diluted 1:100 in a mixture of propylenglycol and water) provided as drinking water once a month. Journal Article Horgan, Lynda 1996 The care of chameleons in captivity Ontario Herpetological Society News 1996 61 11-12 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Smuggled-2 experpts. Part 2-Green pythons Reptilian 4 9 23-37 Chondropython viridis; Morelia viridis; Pet trade; Illegal trade Book Hoser, Raymond 1996 Smuggled-2: Wildlife Trafficking, Crime and Corruption in Australia Mosman Apollo Books xx + 259 Illegal trade Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1996 Attempts to discredit the book "Smuggled - The Underground Trade in Australia's Wildlife." Part 3 The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 147-150 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1996 Record keeping for reptiles The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 164-172 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Book Review: Reptile Medicine and Surgery Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 6 106-108 Book Review Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Book Review: A Little Book of Monitor Lizards Reptilian 4 4 40-41 Book Review Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Australian reptile habitats - a load of rubbish! Reptilian 4 5 24-38 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Australia - land of goannas and bureaucrats Reptilian 4 4 24-34 Varanus Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 The Australian frog decline Reptilian 4 3 19-25 Amphibian Decline; Australia Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1996 Attemps to discredit the book "Smuggled-The Underground Trade in Australia's Wildlife" The Herptile 21 2 85-88 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Smuggled-2: an update Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 9 166-168 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Book Review: Kaleidoscopic Tree Boas: The Genus Corallus of Tropical America Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 10 188 book review Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Book review: Health and Welfare of Captive Reptiles Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21 11 206-207 Book review Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1996 Attemps to discredit the book "Smuggled - The Underground Trade in Australia's Wildlife." Part 2 The Herptile 21 3 127-130 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Herping in South Australia Reptilian 4 7 23-35 Australia Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Reptiles encountered collecting in the Pilbara - Australia Reptilian 4 2 25-35 Australia Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1996 Reply to the letter by Bruce Hudson (NZHS Inc.) Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 22-23 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Interspecific immunity to venom in snakes Herpetofauna 26 1 26-27 Venom Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T.;Valentic, Robert 1996 Notes on a files trip to the Lower Mornington Peninsula with comments on the wider significance of some observations Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 24-34 Journal Article Hoser, Raymond T. 1996 Herpetology in Australia - Wildlife smuggling - Corrupt bureaucrats - A series of articles derived from the book Smuggled-2 Reptilian 4 8 34-42 illegal trade Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 A prey record of the common brown snake Pseudonaja textilis for the eastern blue-tongue Tiliqua scincoides Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 85-86 pseudonaja textilis; Tiliqua scincoides; diet; predation Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Book review: care and Breeding of Popular Tree Frogs, and Frogs as pets: A guide to Keeping the Australian Green Tree Frog Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 90-92 book review Journal Article Hoser, Raymond 1996 Book review: A Field Guide to Australian Frogs Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 87-89 book review Journal Article Hotz, Hansjürg;Uzzell, Thomas;Beerli, Peter;Guex, Gaston-Denis 1996 Are hybrid clonals species? A case for enlightened anarchy Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 315-320 Species concepts; hybrid clonals; parthenogenesis; hybrids Journal Article Houck, Lynn D.;Mendonca, Mary T.;Lynch, Tracy K.;Scott, David E. 1996 Courtship behavior and plasma levels of androgens and corticosterone in male marbled salamanders, Ambystoma opacum (Ambystomatidae) General and Comparative Endocrinology 104 243-252 Journal Article Houck, L. D.;Mendonca, M. T.;Lynch, T. K.;Scott, D. E. 1996 Courtship behavior and plasma levels of androgens and corticosterone in male marbled salamanders, Ambystoma opacum (ambystomatidae) Gen Comp Endocrinol 104 2 243-52 Ambystoma/blood/*physiology; Animal; Cohort Studies; Comparative Study; Corticosterone/*blood; *Courtship; Male; Sex Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Stanolone/*blood; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Testosterone/*blood We measured plasma levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and corticosterone for male marbled salamanders (Ambystoma opacum) collected during the breeding season. Our goal was to ascertain whether steroid levels changed in response to particular reproductive behaviors or laboratory confinement. Six groups of salamanders were examined: (a) MIGRATING, males migrating toward the pond basin during the breeding season; (b) LABORATORY, males kept under confined conditions in the laboratory for 10 days; (c) LAB-FIELD, laboratory males that were later released into seminatural enclosures in the field; (d) COURTING, males from male-female pairs in which the male actively courted the female (and deposited at least one spermatophore); (e) SOLO, males that were individually isolated from conspecifics; and (f) MALE-MALE, males that were placed together in pairs, and in which one male actively courted the other male. In three groups (COURTING, SOLO, and MALE-MALE), salamanders were placed in containers for observation and each male was observed for at least 2 hr prior to a plasma sample being taken. Circulating levels of testosterone, DHT, and corticosterone did not differ significantly for males in these groups. The similarity of androgen levels among the three groups indicated a lack of behaviorally evoked change under experimental conditions designed to reveal a behavior-androgen response. Male A. opacum differ taxonomically from other amphibians showing a behavior-androgen response (three species of toads in the genus Bufo) and also lack amplexus and male-male combat during competition for mates. The effects of confinement were indicated by levels of testosterone and DHT in LABORATORY males that were significantly lower than average levels of males in the following groups: MIGRATING, LAB-FIELD, and MALE-MALE. We inferred that LAB-FIELD males, following their release to seminatural enclosures, were able to regain plasma androgen levels typical of migrating males. This increase is one of very few demonstrations for amphibians of an increase in androgen levels upon release from laboratory confinement. Levels of corticosterone did not differ significantly between males that were active in the field and males that were kept in the laboratory. The similarity of corticosterone levels among these groups differs from the typical pattern of elevated corticosterone and depressed androgen levels in captive amphibians. Maximal corticosterone levels in breeding male A. opacum may act differently than in other species in which chronic elevations inhibit the pituitary-gonadal axis. Journal Article Hourdry, J.;Hermite, L.;Ferrand., R. 1996 Changes in the digestive tract and feeding behavior of anuran amphibians during metamorphosis Physiological Zoology 69 219-251 Journal Article Hödl, Walter 1996 Wie verständigen sich Frösche? Stapfia 47 Kataloge des O.Ö. Landesmuseums N. F. 107 53-70 Journal Article Hödl, Walter 1996 Zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie von Fröschen Stapfia 47 Kataloge des O.Ö. Landesmuseums N. F. 107 71-86 Journal Article Huang, Zhujian;Nui, Cuijuan 1996 Alligator Lake in Beijing Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 8 Journal Article Huang, Wen-San 1996 Sexual size dimorphism in the five-striped blue-tailed skink, Eumeces elegans, with notes on its history in Taiwan Zoological Studies 35 3 188-194 population structure Journal Article Huang, Wen-San 1996 Sexual size dimorphism in the five-striped blue-tailed skink, Eumeces elegans, with notes on its life history in Taiwan Zoological Studies 35 3 188-194 Journal Article Huang, Wen-San 1996 The male reproductive cycle of the skink Eumeces elegans (Squamata: Scincidae) from the central high altitute area of Taiwan Bulletin of National Museum of natural Science 7 99-106 Journal Article Hudson, Bruce 1996 Response to Hoser's response Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 23 Journal Article Hudson, Bruce 1996 The great Australian publicity war Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 21-22 Journal Article Hudson, S. 1996 Natural toe loss in southeastern Australian skinks: Implications for marking lizards by toe-clipping Journal of Herpetology 30 1 106-110 Reptilia, sauria, skink, pathology, marking, toe, age S Hudson, James Cook Univ N Queensland, Dept Zool, Cairns Campus, Smithfield, Qld 4878, Australia Journal Article Hughes, George R. 1996 Nesting of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) in Tongaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 1963-1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 153-158 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting; conservation; remigration; South Africa Journal Article Hunt, R. Howard;Tamarack, James 1996 Cox Lagoon Crocodile Sanctuary Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 8-9 Journal Article Hunt, J. G.;Kasinsky, H. E.;Elsey, R. M.;Wright, C. L.;Rice, P.;Bell, J. E.;Sharp, D. J.;Kiss, A. J.;Hunt, D. F.;Arnott, D. P.;Russ, M. M.;Shabanowitz, J.;Ausio, J. 1996 Protamines of reptiles J Biol Chem 271 38 23547-57 Alligators and Crocodiles/classification/physiology; Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Colubridae/classification/physiology; Comparative Study; Consensus Sequence; Evolution, Molecular; Lizards/classification/physiology; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Protamines/*chemistry/classification; Reptiles/classification/*physiology; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spermatozoa/*chemistry; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Turtles/classification/physiology We have characterized for the first time the complete primary structure of the main protamine components of the sperm from four reptiles: Chrysemys picta (turtle), Elaphe obsoleta (snake), Anolis carolinensis (lizard), and Alligator mississipiensis (crocodilian). These species were chosen to represent one of each of the main phylogenetic branches of this taxonomic group. Comparison of these protamine sequences with those already available from other vertebrate groups allows us to define properly the chemical consensus composition of protamines and provides a unique insight into their molecular evolution and classification. Journal Article Hunziker, Ray 1996 The Great Plains skink: an American beauty Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 32-36 Journal Article Hunziker, Ray 1996 Beautiful beasts: the tokay gecko Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 22-27 Gekko gecko Journal Article Huot-Daubremont, C.;Grenot, C.;Bradshaw, D. 1996 Temperature regulation in the tortoise Testudo hermanni, studied with indwelling probes Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 91-102 Testudo hermanni; Thermoregulation Journal Article Hurst, L.D.;Peck, J.R. 1996 Recent advances in understanding of evolution and maintenance of sex Trends in Ecology and Evolution sex ratio Journal Article Husak, Jerry F. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 4 211 Journal Article Husak, Jerry F. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Anolis carolinensis Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article Hutchins, Bill 1996 Who 'ya gonna call? Reptiles 4 3 100-108 Journal Article Hyatt, Dave 1996 Book Review: The Dangerous Snakes of Africa- Natural History, Species Directory, Venoms and snakebite Sonoran Herpetologist 9 2 13 Book Review Journal Article Ibargüengoytía, Nora R.;Cussac, Victor E. 1996 Reproductive biology of the viviparous lizard, Liolaemus pictus (Tropiduridae): Biennial female reproductive cycle? Herpetological Journal 6 4 137-143 Liolaemus pictus; reproduction Journal Article Ilsley, Bob 1996 Seeds of doubt Rephiberary 1996 221 9 Book in den Bosch, Herman A. J. 1996 Reptielen en Amfibieën Beginnersgids Leiden Lacerta 80 Journal Article Ineich, Ivan 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hydrophis torquatus diadema Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Ineich, I.;Zug, G. R. 1996 Tachygyia, the giant tongan skink: extinct or extant? Cryptozoology 12 30-35 skink, extinction, Tonga Journal Article Inger, Robert F. 1996 Commentary on a proposed classification of the family Ranidae Herpetologica 52 2 241-246 Anura; Ranidae; classification; Limnonectes Book Inger, Robert F.;Tan, F. L. 1996 The Natural History of Amphibian and Reptiles in Sabah Kota Kinabalu Natural History vi + 101 Journal Article Inger, Robert F.;Stuebing, Robert B. 1996 Two new species of frogs from southeastern Sarawak Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 44 2 543-549 Journal Article Inger, Robert F.;Taufik, Agustinus 1996 New species of ranid frogs (Amphibia: Anura) from central Kalimantan, Borneo The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 44 2 363-369 Rana kuhlii, Rana finchi Journal Article Inger, Robert F.;Lian, Tan Fui 1996 Checklist of the frogs of Borneo The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 44 2 551-574 Journal Article Ingram, Glen 1996 Book review: A guide to stream-dwelling frogs of the wet tropics rainforests' Herpetofauna 26 1 50 Book review Journal Article Innis, C. J. 1996 TREATMENT WITH PROPANOLOL AND PROSTAGLANDIN F2-ALPHA STIMULATES NESTING BEHAVIOR BUT NOT OVIPOSITION IN A GRAVID GREEN IGUANA IGUANA IGUANA (LETTER) Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 2 4 reptilia, sauria, iguana iguana, propagation, nesting, propanolol. protaglandin F2-alpha Journal Article Innocenti, A.;Bertolucci, C.;Minutini, L.;Foa, A. 1996 Seasonal variations of pineal involvement in the circadian organization of the ruin lizard Podarcis sicula Journal of Experimental Biology 199 5 1189-1194 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Podarcis sicula, physiology, locomotor activity, seasonality, pinealectomy, circadian rhythms To establish whether the effects of pinealectomy on circadian locomotor rhythmicity vary with season, we examined, in constant temperature and darkness, the locomotor behaviour of ruin lizards Podarcis sicula collected and subjected to pinealectomy at different times of the year. Changes in the free-running period in response to pinealectomy were found to be significantly greater in summer than in winter, spring and autumn. Circadian activity time changed significantly in response to pinealectomy only in spring and summer. Furthermore, while pinealectomy was effective in altering the locomotor rhythms of all individual lizards tested in summer, the same surgery was found to leave locomotor rhythmicity of many lizards tested in autumn and winter completely undisturbed. These results demonstrate for the first time in a non-mammalian vertebrate that the pineal gland is centrally involved in determining circadian organization in some seasons and is only marginally involved in others. A Foa/Univ Ferrara/Dipartimento Biol/Via L Borsari 46/I-44100 Ferrara, Italy Journal Article International Commission On Zoological Nomenclature 1996 Caeciliidae Kolbe, 1880 (Insecta, Psocoptera): Spelling emended to Caeciliusidae, so removing the homonymy with Caeciliidae Rafinesque, 1814 (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53 1 68-69 Nomenclature Rules; Caeciliidae; Caeciliusidae; Systematics and Taxonomy; Nomenclature Journal Article Iordansky, Nikolai N. 1996 Evolution of the muscualture of the jaw apparatus in the Amphibia Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 3-26 Journal Article Iordansky, N. N. 1996 Jaw musculature of turtles: structure, functions, and evolutionary conservatism Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 49-57 Jaw muscles; tendons; homology; functional morphology; turtles Journal Article Ippen, R.;Zwart, P. 1996 Infectious and parasitic diseases of captive reptiles and amphibians, with special emphasis on husbandry practices which prevent or promote disease Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz. 15 1 43-54 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, infection, survey Journal Article Ireland, Nick 1996 Keeping American collared lizards Rephiberary 225 10-11 Crotaphytus collaris Book Section Irschick, Duncan J.;Losos, Jonathan B. 1996 Morphology, ecology, and behavior of the twig anole, Anolis angusticeps Powell, Robert and Henderson, Robert W. Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz Ithaca, New York Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 291-301 Journal Article Irschick, D. J.;Austin, C. C.;Petren, K.;Fisher, R. N.;Losos, J. B.;Ellers, O. 1996 A comparative analysis of clinging ability among pad-bearing lizards Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 59 21-35 ecomorphology, scansorial, toe pads, clinging Journal Article Irschick, Duncan J.;Austin, Christopher C.;Petren, Ken;Fisher, Robert N.;Losos, Jonathan B.;Ellers, Olaf 1996 A comparative analysis of clining ability among pad-bearing lizards Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 59 21-35 Journal Article Irwin, Steve;Lyons, Barry;Frisby, Tony 1996 Nocturnal activity by Varanus panoptes at Cape Melville Herpetofauna 26 2 50 Nocturnal activity; Varanus panoptes Journal Article Irwin, Kelly J.;Collins, Suzanne L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis triangulum Herpetological Review 27 1 34 Journal Article Irwin, Steve;Engle, Kelsey;Mackness, Brian 1996 Nocturnal nesting by captive Varanid lizards Herpetological Review 27 4 192-194 Varanus keithhornei; Nesting Journal Article Irwin, Steve 1996 An innovative strategy for the detection of egg-deposition in captive varanid reptiles Herpetofauna 26 1 31-32 Varanus; egg deposition sites Journal Article Irwin, Kelly J.;Collins, Joseph T. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hyla cinerea Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article Ishchenko, V. G. 1996 Problems of demography and declining populations of some Euroasiatic brown frogs Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 143-151 Demography; Population structure; Amphibians; Brown frogs; Population ecology; Life-span; Rana dalmatina; Rana amurensis; Rana chensinensis; Rana asiatica; Rana arvalis; Rana temporaria; Rana macrocnemis Journal Article Ishimatsu, A. Hicks, J.W. Heisler, N. 1996 Analysis of cardiac shunting in the turtle Trachemys (pseudemys) scripta: Application of the three outflow vessel model Journal of Experimental Biology 199 12 2667-2677 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, Trachemys s. elegans, physiology, heart, cardiac shunting, blood partitioning, three outflow vessel model Blood distribution within the ventricle was analysed in acutely prepared turtles Trachemys scripta by measuring the oxygen concentration and flow rates of blood in the central vessels. Pulmonary (Q(p)) and systemic (Q(s)) blood flow rates were similar when total cardiac output (Q(tot)) was below 40 ml min(-1) kg(-1). Above this value, increments of Q(tot) were directed to the pulmonary circuit, with Q(s) levelling off at approximately 20 ml min(-1) kg(-1). When Q(tot) was larger than 40 ml min(-1) kg(-1), the systemic circuit was almost exclusively perfused by left atrial blood and systemic venous return was almost all directed towards the lungs. Blood oxygen levels and flow rates were consistently higher in the right aorta than in the left aorta. Blood movement within the ventricle, coupled with differences in ejection timing, is probably the decisive factor determining this pattern of blood distribution in the turtle heart. N Heisler, Humboldt Univ Berlin, Tierphysiol Math Nat Fak 1, Abderhaldenhaus, Philippstr 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany Journal Article Iverson, John B. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Emydoidea blandingii Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Iwasaki, S.I.;Asami, T.;Wanichanon, C. 1996 Ultrastructural study of the dorsal lingual epithelium of the soft-shell turtle, Trionyx cartilagineus (Chelonia, Trionychidae) Anatomical Record 246 3 305-316 Reptilia, testudines, soft-shell turtle, Trionyx cartilagineus, anatomy, tongue, lingual papillae, microridges, microvilli, ultrastructure Background: The soft-shell turtle, Trionyx cartilagineus, is classified phylogenetically to the family Trionychidae, whose members live in small rivers or ponds. The purpose of the present study was to examine the ultrastructure of the dorsal epithelium of the tongue of the soft-shell turtle and to compare the results of the observations with those reported for the tongue of other freshwater turtles. Methods: Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the dorsal epithelium of the tongue of the soft-shell turtle. Results: The tongue is triangular with a slightly round apex when viewed dorsally but it appears flattened when viewed laterally. Lingual papillae were visible on the dorsal surface of the tongue with some localized variations. Irregular, dome-shaped or ridge-like papillae were observed on the anterior part of the dorsal lingual surface. Large, cylindrical papillae were located along the midline of the posterior part of the tongue. Low, disk-like papillae were located on both sides of the dorsal surface of the posterior part of the tongue. Taste pores were recognizable in the center of the disklike papillae. At higher magnification, scanning electron microscopy revealed microridges on the surface of cells located on the outermost side of the anterior part of the tongue, and the thickenings of cell margins were clearly seen. Microvilli were distributed compactly over the entire posterior part of the tongue. Light microscopy revealed that the mucosal epithelium of the anterior part of the tongue was of the keratinized, stratified squamous type, while the mucosal epithelium of the posterior part of the tongue was of the nonkeratinized, stratified cuboidal type. In the lateroposterior part of the tongue, taste buds were recognized. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the epithelium of the anterior part of the tongue was of a typical keratinized type, Small numbers of keratohyalin granules and membrane-coating granules appeared in the cytoplasm of the shallow intermediate layer. On the apical side of the lingual papillae located on the posterior side of the tongue, cells from the intermediate layer to the surface layer of the non-keratinized epithelium contained many fine, discoidal granules. A large part of the epithelium consisted of mucous cells in the concave area on the posterior side. Conclusions: The dorsal surface and epithelium of the tongue of the softshell turtle differed significantly from those of other freshwater turtles, in spite of the similarity in terms of gross morphology among the tongues of such turtles. (C) 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. SI Iwasaki, Nippon Dent Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Histol, 1-8 Hamaura CHO, Niigata 951, Japan Journal Article Jackson, Kate;Butler, D. G.;Youson, J. 1996 Integumentary sense organs Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 14-15 Journal Article Jackson, Kate;Butler, David G.;Brooks, Daniel R. 1996 Habitat and phylogeny influence salinity descrimination in crocodilians: implications for osmoregulatory physiology and historical biogeography Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58 371-383 Crocodilia; Eusuchia; osmoregulation; evolution; physiology; marine adaptation; biogeography; Caiman crocodilus; Alligator mississippiensis Journal Article Jackson, Kate;Butler, David G.;Young, John H. 1996 Morphology and ultrastructure of possible integumentary sense organs in the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Journal of Morphology 229 315-324 Crocodylus porosus; Integumentary sense organs; skin; morphology Journal Article Jackson, Kate;Fritts, Thomas H. 1996 Observations of a grooved anterior fang in Psammodynastes pulverulentus: does the mock viper resemble a protoelapid? Journal of Herpetology 30 1 128-131 Psammodynastes pulverulentus Journal Article Jackson, Dale R. 1996 Meat on the move: Diet of a predatory turtle, Deirochelys reticularia (Testudines: Emydidae) Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 105-108 Reptilia; Testudines; Emydidae; Deirochelys reticularia; Diet Journal Article Jackson, Kate;Butler, David G.;Brooks, Daniel R. 1996 Habitat and phylogeny influence salinity discrimination in crocodilians: implications for osmoregulatory physiology and histoical biogeography Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58 371-383 Journal Article Jackson, Kate;Butler, David G.;Jouson, John H. 1996 Morphology and ultrastructure of possible integumentary sense organs in the Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Journal of Morphology 229 315-324 Journal Article Jackson, K.;Butler, D.G.;Brooks, D.R. 1996 Habitat and phylogeny influence salinity discrimination in crocodilians: Implications for osmoregulatory physiology and historial biogeography Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 58 4 371-383 physiology, osmoregulation, glands, distribution, evolution, Crocodylids are better adapted than alligatorids, through a suite of morphological specializations, for life in hyperosmotic environments The presence of such specializations even in freshwater crocodylids has been interpreted as evidence for a marine phase in crocodylid evolution, consistent with the trans-osceanic migration hypothesis of crocodilian biogeography The ability to discriminate fresh water from hyperosmotic sea water, and to avoid drinking the latter; is known to be an important osmoregulatory mechanism for estuarine crocodylids, This study was undertaken to determine whether the ability to discriminate between hyper- and hypo-osmotic salinities is determined by habitat, as it is in other normally freshwater reptiles, or whether, like morphological adaptations associated with estuarine life, it has a phylogenetic basis. Two species of freshwater alligatorid were found to drink fresh water and hyperosmotic sea water indiscriminately, while an estuarine population Of a normally freshwater alligatorid species drank only fresh water. This indicated that salinity discrimination is determined at least in part by habitat. However, all three crocodylid species tested drank fresh water but not hyperosmotic sea water, suggesting that, in crocodilians, the ability to distinguish between fresh water and sea water is influenced by phylogeny, well as by habitat. The implications of this result are discussed in the context of two alternate hypotheses for the historical biogeography of the Crocodilia. Journal Article Jackson, K.;Butler, D.G.;Youson, J.H. 1996 Morphology and ultrastructure of possible integumentary sense organs in the estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) J. Morph. 229 3 315-324 anatomy, sense, CPR, osmoregulation, The skins of crocodylids and gavialids can be distinguished from those of alligatorids by the presence of darkly pigmented pits, known as integumentary sense organs (ISOs), on the postcranial scales. The structure of ISOs, in Crocodylus porosus, was studied using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The stratum corneum of the epidermis in the area of the ISO is thinner, while the stratum germinativum is thicker, relative to other regions of the integument. Beneath the epidermal layer the ISO region has a paucity of collagen fibers relative to the rest of the dermis. Widely dispersed fibrocytes, nerve terminals, and chromatophores occur throughout the ISO region of the dermis, but these elements are concentrated in the area immediately beneath the stratum germinativum in the ISO region. The morphology of the ISOs suggests that they are sensory organs. It has traditionally been assumed that sensory organs on the amniote integument have a mechanosensory function. However, alternate functional interpretations of this structure are possible, and a resolution awaits further work. Journal Article Jackson, K.;Fritts, T. H. 1996 Observations of a Grooved Anterior Fang in Psammodynastes pulverulentus: Does the mock viper resemble a protoelapid? Journal of Herpetology 30 128-131 observations, grooved anterior fang, Psammodynastes pulverulentus, Mock Viper, Protoelapid Journal Article Jackson, D. R. 1996 Meat on the move: Diet of a predatory turtle. Deirochelys reticularia (Testudines: Emydidae) Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 105-108 turtle, deirochelys, emydidae, temperate, diet, food Journal Article Jackson, K.;Butler, D.G.;Brooks, D.R. 1996 Habitat and phylogeny influence salinity discrimination in crocodilians: implications for osmoregulatory physiology and historical biogeography Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58 371-383 crocodile Journal Article Jacobs, Jan-Cor 1996 The realization of the venomous snake keepers dream Litteratura Serpentium 16 3 82-83 Journal Article Jacobson, Elliott R. 1996 Guest Editorial: Marine turtle farming and health issues Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 13-15 Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. 1996 Metabolic scaling of antibiotics in reptiles: Basis and limitations Zoo Biology 15 3 329-339 reptiles, testudines, serpentes, sauria, infecton, therapy, antibiotics, scaling The allometric equation y = a . x(b) has been used to scale many morphological and physiological attributes relative to body mass. For instance, in eutherian mammals, the equation P-met = 70M(b)(0.75) has been used to describe the relationship between metabolic rate (P-met) and body mass (M(b)). Similar equations have been derived for squamate reptiles. Recently, this relationship between metabolic rate and body mass has been used in determining appropriate dosages and dosing intervals of antibiotics both intraspecifically for different sized reptiles and interspecifically for those reptiles in which antibiotic pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed. Although this is a simple mathematical process, a number of problems surface when this approach is examined closely. First, the mass constant (a) in reptiles varies from 1-5 for snakes and 6-10 for lizards. No such information is available for chelonians or crocodilians. Unless the mass constant for the unknown species approximates that of the known species, inappropriate dosages and intervals of administration will be calculated. Second, pharmacokinetic differences may exist between widely divergent species, independent of metabolic rate. Third, all available pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic allometric equations are derived from clinically healthy reptiles. Differences more than likely exist between healthy and ill reptiles in regard to uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs and overall metabolism. While metabolic scaling of antibiotics is a potentially useful and practical tool in drug dosing, these limitations must be considered when dosing an ill reptile. Until more scientifically derived information is available for demonstrating the accuracy of metabolic scaling of antibiotics in reptiles, the clinician will need to understand the limitations of this approach. Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. 1996 An update on inclusion body disease of boid snakes American association of zoo veterinarians 1996 proceedings 228 - Reptilia, serpentes, boa, boidae, infection, virus, inclusionbody Journal Article Jacobson, E.R.;Kopit, W.;Kennedy, F.A.;Funk, R.S. 1996 Coinfection of a bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps, with adenovirus- and dependovirus-like viruses Veterinary Pathology 33 3 343-346 Reptilia, sauria, earded dragon, Pogona vitticeps, infection, virus, adenovirus-like virus, dependovirus-like virus Four neonate bearded dragons, Pogona vitticeps, from two collections became ill and died. Multiple tissues were collected and processed for light microscopy. In hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of liver of one lizard, numerous basophilic intranuclear inclusions were observed. In three lizards, intranuclear inclusions were primarily seen within enterocytes in the small intestine. A portion of paraffin-embedded liver of one lizard and small intestine of a second lizard were removed, deparaffinized, and examined by electron microscopy. For the most part, inclusions in the liver consisted of nonenveloped viral particles 60-66 nm in diameter. Smaller nonenveloped virions 15-17 nm in diameter were occasionally seen in association with these particles. In the intestine, inclusions consisted only of 60-70 nm particles. Based on morphology and location, the larger particles were consistent with an adenovirus. Based on size and presence within nuclei of host cells coinfected with the adenovirus-like virus, the smaller viral agent was consistent with members of the genus Dependovirus. ER Jacobson/Univ Florida/Hlth Sci Ctr/Box 100126/Gainesville, FL 32610 USA Journal Article Jacobson, E.R. 1996 Metabolic scaling of antibiotics in reptiles basis and limitations Zoo Biol. 15 3 329-339 size, metabolism, antibiotics, The allometric equation y = a . x(b) has been used to scale many morphological and physiological attributes relative to body mass. For instance, in eutherian mammals, the equation P met = 70M(b)(0.75) has been used to describe the relationship between metabolic rate (P met) and body mass (M(b)). Similar equations have been derived for squamate reptiles. Recently, this relationship between metabolic rate and body mass has been used in determining appropriate dosages and dosing intervals of antibiotics both intraspecifically for different sized reptiles and interspecifically for those reptiles in which antibiotic pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed. Although this is a simple mathematical process, a number of problems surface when this approach is examined closely. First, the mass constant (a) in reptiles varies from 1 5 for snakes and 6 10 for lizards. No such information is available for chelonians or crocodilians. Unless the mass constant for the unknown species approximates that of the known species, inappropriate dosages and intervals of administration will be calculated. Second, pharmacokinetic differences may exist between widely divergent species, independent of metabolic rate. Third, all available pharmacokinetic studies and metabolic allometric equations are derived from clinically healthy reptiles. Differences more than likely exist between healthy and ill reptiles in regard to uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs and overall metabolism. While metabolic scaling of antibiotics is a potentially useful and practical tool in drug dosing, these limitations must be considered when dosing an ill reptile. Until more scientifically derived information is available for demonstrating the accuracy of metabolic scaling of antibiotics in reptiles, the clinician will need to understand the limitations of this approach. Journal Article Jahn, Johannes 1996 Buchbesprechung: Lebendfutter für Vivarientiere Elaphe 4 1 49-50 Book review Journal Article Jahn, Karen;Knitter, Heiko;Rahmel, Ulf 1996 Erste Ergebnisse einer Studie an der Gelbauchunke (Bombina variegata) in einem natürlichen Habitat im französischen Zentralmassiv Naturschutzreport 11 1 32-46 Journal Article Jakob, E.M.;Marshall, S.D.;Uetz, G.W. 1996 Estimating fitness: a comparison of body conditions indices Oikos 77 61-67 fitness Journal Article Jamieson, David H.;Trauth, Stanley E. 1996 Dietary diversity and overlap between two subspecies of spadefoot taods (Scaphiopus holbrookii holbrookii and S. h. hurterii) in Arkansas Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 50 75-78 Journal Article Janini, Eric 1996 Retour d'expédition La Tortue 35 42-48 South Africa; Conservation Journal Article Janish, Joe 1996 Insect eating herp basics: the cricket Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 44-48 Journal Article Jansson, Mika 1996 Litoria infrafrenata (Günther 1867) Viljely ja kasvatus Herpetomania 5 2 5-14 Litoria infrafrenata Journal Article Janzen, F. J. 1996 Is temperature-dependent sex determination in reptiles adaptive? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 6 253 tsd; sex ratio Journal Article Janzen, F. J. 1996 Corrigendum Evolution 50 1368 tsd; evolution; fitness Journal Article Jarne, P.;Lagoda, P.J.L. 1996 Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 10 424-429 genetics Journal Article Jaslow, Alan P.;Lombard, R. Eric 1996 hearing in the Neotropical frog, Atelopus chiriquensis Copeia 1996 2 428-432 Ateopus chiriquensis; hearing Journal Article Jehle, Robert;Franz, Alexander;Kapfer, Margit;Schramm, Herbert;Turner, Heinz G. 1996 Lizards as prey of arthropods: Praying mantis Mantis religiosa (Linnaeus, 1758) feeds on juvenile sand lizard Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae) Herpetozoa 9 3/4 157-159 Lacerta agilis; predation; Arthropod predators; Biology; Natural history Journal Article Jeng, Tan Hiok 1996 Tasik Behra Wetland protection Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 7-8 Journal Article Jenner, Bill 1996 Pogona barbata on Kangaroo Island, S.A. Herpetofauna 26 1 28-30; 26(2):48 Pogona barbata Journal Article Jennings, Mark R. 1996 Ambystoma californiense (California tiger salamander). Burrowing ability Herpetological Review 27 4 194 Journal Article Jennings, Mark R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma californiense Herpetological Review 27 3 147 Journal Article Jennings, Mark R.;Rathbun, Galen B.;Langtimm, Catherine A. 1996 Pituophis melanoleucus catenifer (Pacific gopher snake). Prey Herpetological Review 27 1 26 Pituophis melanoleucus; Prey Journal Article Jennssen, T. A.;Congdon, J. D.;Fischer, R. U.;Estes, R.;Kling, D.;Edmands, S.;Berna, H. 1996 Behavioural, thermal, and metabolic characteristics of a wintering lizard (Anolis carolinensis) from South Carolina Functional Ecology 10 201-209 Polychrotidae, anole, temperate zone, energetics Journal Article Jensen, John B.;Payne, Jerry A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rhineura floridana Herpetological Review 27 3 153 Journal Article Jensen, John B. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Acris crepitans crepitans Herpetological Review 27 4 208 Journal Article Jensen, John B. 1996 Bufo terrestris (Southern toad). Egg toxicity Herpetological Review 27 3 138-139 Journal Article Jensen, John B. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ambystoma talpoideum Herpetological Review 27 1 28 Journal Article Jensen, John B. 1996 Heterodon simus (Southern hognose snake). Hatchling size Herpetological Review 27 1 25 Heterodon simus; Hatchling size Journal Article Jensen, J. B. 1996 Bufo terrestris (southern toad). Egg toxicity. Herpetological Review 27 138-139 Journal Article Jenssen, T. A.;Congdon, Justin D.;Fischer, R. U.;Estes, R.;Kling, D.;Edmonds, S.;Berna, H. 1996 Behavioural, thermal, and metabolic characteristics of a wintering lizard (Anolis carolinensis) from South carolina Functional Ecology 10 201-209 Journal Article Jenssen, Thomas A.;Congdon, Justin D.;Fischer, Robert U.;Estes, Ruth;Kling, David;Edmands, Suzanne;Berna, Howard 1996 Behavioural, thermal, and metabolic characteristics of a wintering lizard (Anolis carolinensis) from South Carolina Functional Ecology 10 201-209 energetics, seasonality, social behavior, thermal regualtion, time-budget profile Journal Article Ji, Xiang;Fu, Shui-Yu;Zhang, Hua-Song;Sun, Ping-Tue 1996 Material and energy budget during incubation in a chinese skink, Eumeces chinensis Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 209-216 Eumeces chinensis; Energy budget; Incubation Journal Article Jingzhi, Wang 1996 Nile crocs in China Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 6 Journal Article Jockusch, Elizabeth L. 1996 Techniques for obtaining and raising plethodontid salamander eggs Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40 911-912 Journal Article Joger, Ulrich;Schmidt, Detlef 1996 Verbreitung, Bestandsentwicklung und Schutz der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) in Hessen Naturschutzreport 11 1 106-113 Journal Article Joger, Ulrich 1996 (1997) Buchbesprechungen: Schlangen der Welt (Lebensraum, Biologie, Haltung) Salamandra 32 4 287 Book review Book Section Joglar, Rafael L.;Burrowes, Patricia 1996 Declining amphibian populations in Puerto Rico Powell, R. and Henderson, R. W. Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz Ithaca (New York) Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Contributions to Herpetology, Volume 12 371-380 Book Section Joglar, Rafael L.;Burrowes, Patricia A.;Rios, Neftalí 1996 Biology of the Purto Rican cave-dwelling frog, Eleutherodactylus cooki, and some recommendations for conservation Powell, R. and Henderson, R. W. Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz Ithaca (New York) Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Contributions to Herpetology, Volume 12 251-258 Journal Article Johnalder, H.B.;Mcmann, S.;Katz, L.S.;Gross, A.;Barton, D.S. 1996 Social modulation of exercise endurance in a lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) Physiological Zoology 69 3 547-567 Reptilia, sauria,Sceloporus undulatus, physiology, behaviour, social modulation, exercise endurance We conducted two experiments to investigate how exercise endurance is modulated by the social environment of male lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) and whether this response is dependent on endogenous androgens. Male lizards were held in captivity for either 8 or 9-11 wk prior to measurements of running endurance. In both experiments lizards were held either in complete isolation or in a single crowded group, and half of the isolated lizards in the 8-wk experiment were castrated to remove the predominant endogenous source of androgens. Endurance in the 9-11-wk experiment was threefold greater, and cardiac muscle mass was about 20% greater, in isolated than in crowded lizards. Testis, epididymis, and kidney morphology indicated that androgenic activity was higher in isolates. In the 8-wk experiment, running endurance was twofold greater in intact isolates than in either of the other two groups, whose values were indistinguishable. Plasma androgens were reduced in castrates compared with those in the other two groups. The intensity of communicative ventrolateral and gular pigmentation, which is known to be influenced by androgens, was significantly more vivid in intact isolates than in castrated or crowded lizards, Our results show that exercise endurance can change substantially within individuals over fairly, short time periods. The expression of high endurance in isolates was associated with morphological evidence of higher androgenic activity than that in crowned males and required intact testes. Thus, the difference in endurance between crowded and isolated male lizards is associated with a probable difference in cardiac performance and seems likely to be mediated at least in part by androgenic steroids. HB Johnalder, Rutgers State Univ/Dept Biol Sci/Nelson Biol Lab/Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA Journal Article Johnson, Steve A.;Bjorndal, Karen A.;Bolten, Alan B. 1996 A survey of organized turtle watch participants on sea turtle nesting beaches in Florida Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 60-65 Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Caretta caretta; sea turtle; conservation management; ecotourism; organized turtle watch; participant survey; USA Journal Article Johnson, Steve A. 1996 Hyla femoralis (Pine woods treefrog). Predation Herpetological Review 27 3 140 Journal Article Johnson, Steve A.;Ehrhart, Llewellyn M. 1996 Reproductive ecology of the Florida green turtle: clutch frequency Journal of Herpetology 30 3 407-410 clutch frequency; reprocution; Chelonia mydas Journal Article Johnson, S.A.;Bjorndal, K. A.;Bolten, A. B. 1996 A survey of organized turtle watch participants on sea turtles nesting beaches in Florida Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 60-65 loggerhead; conservation Journal Article Johnson, S.A.;Bjorndal, K.A.;Bolten, A.B. 1996 Effects of organized turtle watches on loggerhead (Caretta caretta) nesting behavior and hatchling production in Florida Conservation Biology 10 2 570-577 loggerhead/conservation Journal Article Johnston, Roxanna;Belnap, Jane 1996 Soil biota changes along a disturbance gradient: Impacts on vegetation composition and prospects for restoration Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 33-34 Journal Article Jones, Susan M.;Swain, Roy 1996 Annual reproductive cycle and annual cycles of reproductive hormones in plasma of female Niveoscincus metallicus (Scincidae) from Tasmania Journal of Herpetology 30 2 140-146 Niveoscincus metallicus; reproductive cycle; Reproductive hormones Journal Article Jones, R. L. 1996 Home range and seasonal movements of the turtle Graptemys flavimaculata Journal of Herpetology 30 3 376-385 Graptemys flavimaculata; Home range; seasonal movements Journal Article Jones, Robert L.;Majure, Terry C.;Knight, Charles L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Graptemys pulchra Herpetological Review 27 3 151 Journal Article Jones, J.R.;Ferguson, G.W.;Gehrmann, W.H.;Holick, M.F.;Lu, C.Z. 1996 Vitamin D nutritional status influences voluntary behavioral photoregulation in a lizard Biologic Effects of light 1995 (Symp. Atlanta, USA Oct 9-11, 1995) W. de Gruyter Berlin, 1996 49-55 Reptilia, sauria, Chamaeleo pardalis, physiology, vitamin D, photoregulation Journal Article Jones, G. J.;Cornwall, M. C.;Fain, G. L. 1996 Equivalence of background and bleaching desensitization in isolated rod photoreceptors of the larval tiger salamander J Gen Physiol 108 4 333-40 Adaptation, Physiological; Ambystoma/growth & development/*physiology; Animal; Electric Conductivity; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism; Homeostasis; Larva; *Light; Models, Biological; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism; Rods (Retina)/*physiology/*radiation effects; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors Psychophysical experiments have shown an equivalence between sensitivity reduction by background light and by bleaches for the human scotopic system. We have compared the effects of backgrounds and bleaches on the light-sensitive membrane-current responses of isolated rod photoreceptors from the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. The quantum catch loss was factored out from the desensitization due to bleaching to give the fraction of "extra" desensitization due to adaptation. For backgrounds, desensitization is well described by the Weber/Fechner equation. The extra desensitization after bleaches can also be described by the Weber/Fechner equation, if an "equivalent" background produced by bleaching is made linearly proportional to the fraction of pigment bleached. A background which produces an extra desensitization of a factor of two is equivalent to a fractional bleach of approximately 6%. Equivalent background and bleaching desensitizations were associated with similar reductions in circulating current. There is a linear relation between log flash sensitivity and decrease in circulating current. Equivalent background and bleaching desensitizations were associated with similar increases in cGMP phosphodiesterase and guanylate cyclase activity. These were inferred from membrane current changes after steps into lithium or IBMX solutions. There were also similar reductions in the integration times of dim flash responses for equivalent desensitizations produced by backgrounds and bleaches. These results suggest that the equivalence between background and bleaching found psychophysically may arise at the very earliest stages of visual processing and that these two processes of desensitization have similar underlying mechanisms. Journal Article Jones, Jon R.;Ferguson, Gary W.;Gehrmann, W. H.;Frye, Frederic L. 1996 Hematology and serum chemistries of captive-raised female Panther Chameleons, Chamaeleo pardalis, with hepatocellular lipidosis Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 2 10-13 Journal Article Jooris, R.;Fourmy, R. 1996 An analysis of scutellation in populations of Cerastes vipera (Linnaeus, 1758): Scale characters co-vary with environmental temperature Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 2 59-67 cerastes vipera; Scutellation; Environmental temperature Journal Article Jooris, R.;Fourmy, R. 1996 An analysis of scutellation in populations of Cerastes vipera (Linnaeus, 1758): Scale characters c-vary with environmental temperature African Journal of Herpetology 45 2 59-67 Laboratory of Animal Ecology, State University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Journal Article Jooris, Robert 1996 Coluber gemonensis (Laurenti, 1768) the only correct scientific name of the Balkan whipsnake Litteratura Serpentium 16 2 30-31 Coluber gemonensis Journal Article Jooris, Robert 1996 Het genus Pituophis Holbrook, 1842 Terra 32 2 51-52 Pituophis Journal Article Jooris, Robert 1996 Even voorstellen... De Europese gladde slangen [Introducing... The European smooth snakes Terra 32 2 44-46 Coronella austriaca; Coronella girondica Journal Article Journal 1996 Zoos' Print Special Amphibian Issue 11 5 iv, 1-36 Journal Article Journal 1996 Herpetological Natural History 4 1 & 2 Journal Article Juncá, Flora A. 1996 Parental care and egg mortality in Colostethus stepheni Journal of Herpetology 30 2 292-294 Colostethus stepheni; Parental care; egg mortality Journal Article Jungfer, Karl-Heinz 1996 Reproduction and parental care of the coronated treefrog, Anotheca spinosa (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura, Hylidae) Herpetologica 52 1 25-32 Amphibia; Hylidae; Anotheca spinosa; Central America; Parental care; Larval oophagy Journal Article Jungfer, Karl-Heinz 1996 Book review: Amphibien im Aquarium Copeia 1996 4 1060-1061 Book review Journal Article Jungfer, Karl-Heinz;Birkhahn, Holger;Kulpmann, Volker;Wassmann, Klaus 1996 Haltung und Fortpflanzung von Dendrobates fuluritus Silverstone, 1975, mit Anmerkungen zur Gattung Minyobates Myers, 1987 Herpetofauna 18 19-27 Panama, call, reproductive behavior, captive breeding Journal Article Jungfer, Karl-Heinz;Weygoldt, Peter;Juraske, Norbert 1996 Dendrobates vicentei, ein neuer Pfeilgiftfrosch aus Zentral-Panama Herpetofauna 18 17-26 Dendrobates pumilio, D. histrionicus Book Junghanss, Thomas;Bodio, Mauro 1996 Notfall-Handbuch Gifttiere: Diagnose, Therapie, Biologie Stuttgart Georg Thieme Verlag x, 646 p. Journal Article Kabisch, Klaus 1996 Gefährdete Niststrände: Bedrohung der Unechten Karettschildkröte (Caretta caretta) auf Kreta TI Magazin 130 64-66 Caretta caretta Journal Article Kadowaki, Seishi 1996 Body size and population density of Bufo japonicus formosus from Nobeyama Highland, Nagano Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16 3 108-113 Bufo japonicus; Nobeyama Highland; snout-vent lenght; body mass; population density Journal Article Kaiser, Hinrich 1996 Book review: Amphibians of Oregon, Washington and British Colombia Herpetological Natural History 4 2 181-183 Book review Journal Article Kalberlah, Frank 1996 Haltung und nachzucht von Coleonyx elegans Elaphe 4 1 14-16 Coleonyx elegans Journal Article Kalisch, Kenneth 1996 Understanding and applying successful caging for chameleons Vivarium 8 1 56-58 Journal Article Kalken, C.C. van 1996 Handling, apllication-and collectiontechniques in reptiles. Hanteren, Toedienings- en afnametechnieken bij reptielen Biotechniek 35 5 89-96 Journal Article Kam, Yeong-Choy;Chuang, Zhen-Shuo;Yen, Chiung-Fen 1996 Reproduction, oviposition-site selection, and tadpole oophagy of an arboreal nester, Chirixalus eiffingeri (Rhacophoridae), from Taiwan Journal of Herpetology 30 1 52-59 Chirixalus eiffingeri; oophagy; Reproduction; Oviposition site selection Journal Article Kami, Haji Gholi;Vakolpoure, Ebrahm 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo bufo Herpetological Review 27 3 148 Journal Article Kami, Haji Gholi;Vakilpoure, Ebrahim 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pelobates syriacus Herpetological Review 27 3 149 Journal Article Kami, Haji Gholi;Vakilpoure, Ebrahim 1996 Geographic Distribution. Batrachuperus persicus Herpetological Review 27 3 147 Journal Article Kami, Haji Gholi;Vakilpoure, Ebrahim 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana camerani Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Kami, Haji Gholi;Vakilpoure, Ebrahim 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana macrocnemis pseudodalmatina Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Kami, Haji Gholi;Vakilpoure, Ebrahim 1996 Geographic Distribution. Tropiocolotes latifi Herpetological Review 27 3 153 Journal Article Kamosawa, Masao;Ota, Hidetoshi 1996 Reptoductive Biology of the brahminy blind snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan Journal of Herpetology 30 1 9-14 Ramphotyphlops braminus; Reproductive biology; Ryukyu Archipelago Journal Article Kamosawa, Masao;Ota, Hidetoshi 1996 Reptoductive Biology of the Brahminy blind snake (Ramphotyphlops braminus) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan Journal of Herpetology 30 1 9-14 Ramphotyphlops braminus; Reproductive biology; Ryukyu Archipelago Journal Article Kampfer, Karen;Love, Jim 1996 Survey of the motivational aspects of desert tortoise caretaking Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 17-23 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Kaplan, Moisés;Ramírez-Bautista, Aurelio 1996 Description of the tadpole of Hyla plicata with comments on the taxonomic value of the larval internal oral morphology Journal of Herpetology 30 4 530-533 Hyla plicata; oral morphology; taxonomy Journal Article Kaplan, Melissa 1996 African spurred tortoises, Geochelone sulcata Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 32-45 Geochelone sulcata Journal Article Kaplan, Melissa 1996 Garter snakes: an overview of natural history and care in captivity Litteratura Serpentium 16 3 58-63 Thamnophis Journal Article Kaplan, Melissa 1996 Caring for corn snakes Litteratura Serpentium 16 1 10-13 Elaphe guttata Journal Article Kaplan, Melissa 1996 If you have to use the kitchen sink Cold Blooded News 23 2 11 Journal Article Kaplan, Melissa 1996 Psychosocialization of the green iguana: how to better handle your pet Iguana Times 5 1 3-7 Iguana iguana Journal Article Kar, Sudhakar 1996 Crocodile program in Orissa Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 7 Journal Article Kardon, Alan;Holmback, Erik R. 1996 Husbandry and reproduction of the giant Central American black milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum gaigeae Vivarium 7 4 14-16 Lampropeltis triangulum gaigeae Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V. 1996 Snake toxins and venoms: an evolutionary perspective Herpetologica 52 1 36-46 Duvernoy's systems; Venom systems; Oral secreations of snakes Journal Article Kardong, Kenneth V. 1996 Mechanical damage inflicted by fangs on prey during predatory strikes by rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis oreganus Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 4 113-118 Book Section Karl, S.A. 1996 Hybridization and taxonomy of marine turtles: anonymous nuclear DNA sequence analyses B.W. Bowen, W.N. Witzell Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sea Turtle Conservation Genetics 99-108 Journal Article Karns, Daryl R. 1996 Book Review: Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Amphibians Herpetological Review 27 1 43-44 Book Review Journal Article Kasahara, Sanae;Pelligrino, Kátia Cristina Machado;Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut;Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y. 1996 Comparative cytogenetic studies of eleven species of the Tropidurus torquatus group (Sauria, Tropiduridae) with banding patterns Hereditas 125 37-46 Journal Article Kasapidis, Panagiotis;Provatidou, Sofia;Maragou, Panagiota;Valakos, Efstratios D. 1996 Neue Daten über die Herpetofauna von Lesbos (Ägäilsche Inseln, Griechenland) und einige biogeographische Bemerkungen über die Inseln des nordöstlichen ägäischen Archipels [New data on the herpetofauna of Lesbos (Aegean Islands, Greece) and some biogeographical remarks on the islands of the northern Aegean Archipelago] Salamandra 32 3 171-180 Reptilia; Scincidae; Ablepharus; Colubridae; Malpolon; Greece; Lesbos Island; new records; biogrography Journal Article Kastle, Werner 1996 Book Review: Riesenschlangen Salamandra 32 1 63-64 Book review Journal Article Kaverkin, Yu. I.;Orlov, N. L. 1996 Experience of captive breeding of Eublepharis turcmenicus Darevsky, 1978 (Eublepharidae, Sauria) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 99 Eublepharidae; Sauria; Eublepharis turcmenicus; Captive breeding; Gekkonidae Journal Article Kehmeier, Jon;Wagner, Cristi;Livo, Lauren J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pseudacris triseriata Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Keller, Heinz 1996 Hyalella azteca Terra 32 1 7 Journal Article Kelly, Howard 1996 Crocodile update Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 6 Journal Article Kendrick, Roger E. 1996 Metabolic bone disease in the green iguana NTHS News 14 1 7 Metabolic bone disease; Iguana iguana Journal Article Kennett, Rod 1996 Growth models for two species of freshwater turtle, Chelodina rugosa and Elseya dentata, from the wet-dry tropics of Northern Australia Herpetologica 52 3 383-395 Chelidae; Chelodina rugosa; Elseya dentata; turtle; growth; maturity; food-limited; Australia Journal Article Kennett, Rod;Tory, Oswald 1996 Diet of two freshwater turtles, Chelodina rugosa and Elseya dentata (Testudines: Chelidae) from the wet-dry tropics of Northern Australia Copeia 1996 2 409-419 Chelodina rugosa; Elseya dentata; diet Journal Article Kennett, R. 1996 Growth models for two species of freshwater turtle, Chelodina rugosa and Elseya dentata, from the wet-dry tropics of nothern Australia Herpetologica 52 3 383-395 growth; temperature Journal Article Keogh, J. Scott 1996 Origin of the hemipenis Retractor penis magnus muscles: evidence for utility in snake systematics The Snake 27 2 114-119 Journal Article Keogh, J. Scott 1996 Evolution of the colubrid snake tribe Lampropeltini: a morphological perspective Herpetologica 52 3 406-416 Lampropeltini; Colubrid; Evolution; Cladistics; Phylogeny; Lampropeltis; Elaphe; Arizona; Pituophis; Rhinocheilus; Cemophora; Stilosoma Journal Article Keqin, Gao;Fox, Richard C. 1996 Taxonomy and evolution of Late Cretaceous lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from western Canada Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 33 1-107 Late Cretaceous; Lizards; Sauria; Fossils; New Genus; Cnephasaurus n. gen.; Stypodontosaurus n. gen.; Penemabuya n. gen.; Orthrioscincus n. gen.; Aocnodromeus n. gen.; Labrodioctes n. gen.; New species; Cnephasaurus locustivorus n. sp.; Stypodontosaurus melletes n. sp.; Penemabuya antecessor n. sp.; Orthrioscincus mixius n. sp.; Aocnodromeus corrugatus n. sp.; Odaxosaurus priscus n. sp.; Labrodioctes montanensis n. sp. Journal Article Kerby, Dave 1996 The gopher tortoises of Camp Shelby Reptiles 4 6 78-90 Gopherus polyphemus Journal Article Kersting, U.;Spring, K. R. 1996 Ketoconazole activates chloride and fluid secretion by Necturus gallbladder at low pH J Am Soc Nephrol 7 2 254-9 Animal; Biological Transport; Body Fluids/*metabolism; Cell Membrane/physiology; Chlorides/*metabolism; Epithelium/metabolism; Gallbladder/*drug effects/*metabolism/physiology; Hydrogen/*metabolism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ketoconazole/*pharmacology; Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus Necturus gallbladder epithelium, normally a reabsorptive epithelium, was stimulated to secrete chloride and fluid by the combined effects of ketoconazole and a reduction in perfusate pH to 7.0. The reversal in the direction of net fluid transport was accompanied by inhibition of the conductance of the apical cell membrane to sodium, potassium, and a striking stimulation of the conductance to chloride. The results are consistent with a previously unidentified mechanism for regulation of the apical cell membrane transport properties of reabsorptive epithelia. Journal Article Khan, Muhammad Sharif 1996 The oropharyngeal morphology and feeding habits of tadpole of tiger frog Rana tigerina Daudin Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 163-171 Oropharyngeal morphology; Rana tigerina; Ecosystem; Amphibian; Feeding ecology Book Khan, Ali Reza 1996 Bangladesher Banyaprani (Wildlife of Bangladesh).Volume I, Amphibia-Reptilia Dhaka Bangala Academy xx, 177 Journal Article Khan, Paul A.;Lin, E. Y. C.;Liversage, Richard Albert 1996 X-ray microanalysis of atoms in developing embryos of the red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens J. Submicrosc. Cytol. Pathol. 28 3 415-430 Journal Article Khozatsky, L. I. 1996 New turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Central Asia Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 89-94 Testudinata; Sinemydidae; Early Cretaceous; fossil; Sinemys efremovi sp. nov. Journal Article Kiernan, V. 1996 Frogs find diversity in adversity British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 40-41 Journal Article Kiesecker, J. M.;Chivers, D. P.;Blaustein., A. R. 1996 The use of chemical cues in predator recognition by western toad tadpoles Animal Behaviour 52 1237-1245 Journal Article Kiesecker, J. 1996 pH-mediated predator-prey interactions between Ambystoma tigrinum and Pseudacris triseriata Ecol. Appl. 6 1325-1331 Journal Article Kikukawa, Akria;Kamezaki, Naoki;Hirate, Koichi;Ota, Hidetoshi 1996 Distribution of nesting sites of sea turtles in Okinawajima and adjacent islands of the Central Ryukyus, Japan Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 99-101 Reptilia; Testudines; Distribution; japan Journal Article Killebrew, Flavius C.;Blair, Kathleen B.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 New records for amphibians and reptiles from Texas Herpetological Review 27 2 90-91 Journal Article King, Richard B.;Lawson, Robin 1996 Sex-linked inheritance of fumarate hydratase alleles in natricine snakes Journal of Heredity 87 1 81-82 Journal Article Kinkaid, John F. 1996 Psuedechis colletti (Collett's blacksnake). Twinning Herpetological Review 27 1 26 Psuedechis collettii; Twinning Journal Article Kinkead, R.;Milsom, W.K. 1996 CO2-sensitive olfactory and pulmonary receptor modulation of episodic breathing in bullfrogs American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 39 1 R134-R144 vagotomy; hypercapnia; Rana catesbeiana; UPPER AIRWAY CO2; REPTILES; SENSITIVITY; VENTILATION; TURTLE; TOAD Journal Article Kinneary, Joseph J. 1996 The origin of marine turtles: a pluralistic view of evolution Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 73-78 Marine turtles; Evolution Journal Article Kirkpatrick, David T. 1996 Observations on mating behavior of the Solomon Island skink Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 24-31 Corucia zebrata Journal Article Kirkpatrick, David;Kirkpatrick, Catherine 1996 Stomping for earthworms by Clemmys insculpta in captivity Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 2 21-22 Clemmys insculpta; Foraging Journal Article Kirkpatrick, David T. 1996 An overview of the map turtles of the United States Gulf Coast Turtle and Tortoise Society Newsletter 2 1 3-5 Journal Article Kirkpatrick, David T. 1996 The big-headed tirtle, Platysternon megacephalum Herp Tales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1996 February 2-4 Platysternon megacephalum Journal Article Kirkpatrick, David 1996 An overview of common semi-aquatic turtles Reptiles 4 3 32-46 Journal Article Kirkpatrick, David T. 1996 The big-headed turtle, Platysternon megacephalum Herp Tales: Newsletter of the New England Herpetological Society 1996 February 2-4 Platysternon megacephalum Journal Article Kirkwood, J.K. 1996 Nutritional bone disease in reptiles: estimation of dietary calcium requirements British Veterinary Zoological Society, Newsletter Summer 1996 10-12 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, testudines, food, feeding, calcium Book Kirschner, Andreas;Müller, Thomas;Seufer, Herman 1996 Faszination Warane: Pflege und Zucht Keltern-Weiler Kirschner & Seufer Verlag 254 Journal Article Kivit, Ron 1996 Nutrtion of snakes, an important issue on caring Litteratura Serpentium 16 6 144-150 Nurtition Journal Article Kizirian, David A. 1996 A review of Ecuadorian Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with descriptions of nine new species Herpetological Monographs 10 85-155 New species; Squamata; Gymnophthalmidae; Proctoporus; Ecuador; Proctoporus anatoloros sp. nov.; Proctoporus balneator sp. nov.; Proctoporus colomaromani sp. nov.; Proctoporus labionis sp. nov.; Proctoporus petrorum sp. nov.; Proctoporus raneyi sp. nov.; Proctoporus stigmatoral sp. nov.; Proctoporus vespertinus sp. nov.; Proctoporus vietus sp. nov.; taxonomic key Journal Article Klarsfeld, Jon 1996 The fecund Madagascar ground gecko (Paroedura pictus) Reptiles 4 8 56-68 Paroedura pictus Journal Article Klingenberg, R.J. 1996 CASE REPORT: ENTERIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN A COLONY OF INDIGO SNAKES DRYMARCHON CORAIS SPP., A PANTHER CHAMELEON CHAMAELEO PARDALIS AND A SAVANNAH MONITOR VARANUS EXANTHEMATICUS Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 1 5 Reptilia, sauria, serpentes, infection, apicomplexa, cryptosporidia Journal Article Klingenberg, Roger J. 1996 Enteric cryptosporidiosis in a colony of Indigo Snakes, Drymarchon corais spp., a Panther Chameleon, Chamaeleo pardalis, and a Savannah Monitor, Varanus exanthematicus Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 1 5-9 Journal Article Kluge, Arnold G. 1996 The early collections and curators, Division of Reptiles and Amphibians, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan Herpetological Review 27 4 176-178 Journal Article Kobayashi, H.;Sato, H.;Yoshizato, K. 1996 Regionally regulated conversion of protein expression in the skin during anuran metamorphosis Journal of Experimental Zoology 274 3 181-192 Amphibia, anura, Xenopus laevis, physiology, metamorphosis, skin, protein, expression The back skin of anuran larvae undergoes drastic metamorphic changes which are quite different from the tail skin. To have an insight into the mechanism of the region-dependent changes, we made a thorough survey of metamorphic alterations in protein expression in both the body and tail skin of Xenopus laevis tadpoles utilizing high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Approximately 400 proteins were detected, 9 of which were identified as known proteins and were used as index proteins to standardize the readout of distribution of protein spots on gels. The overall pattern of polypeptide distribution (map) was classified into ''larval type'' and ''adult type.'' The maps showed stage-specific changes. Up to stage 58 the back skin map remained the larval type, showed remarkable changes for the first time at stage 60 (whose pattern was a combination of both larval and adult types), and became the adult type at stage 62. The basic feature of the tail skin map remained the larval type through the climax stage of metamorphosis. Experiments using tadpoles treated with an antithyroid drug showed that most of back skin proteins detected on the map are thyroid hormone responsive in their expression. Expression of keratin II (adult-type keratin) was found to be uniquely regulated. As expected, silver staining detected it in the back but not in the tail. However, the protein-labeling experiment with [S-35]methionine showed that the tail skin is actively synthesizing the adult keratin, suggesting that tail cells have a specific elimination mechanism of the protein. K Yoshizato, Jrdc, Erato, Yoshizato Morphomatrix Project, 13-26 Kagamiyama, 3 Chome, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739, Japan Journal Article Koble, Rigo 1996 Reste großer kopfschilder bei der aspisviper (Vipera aspis aspis) in ihrem wahrscheinlich nördlichsten Verbreitungsgebiet Elaphe 4 1 78-79 Vipera aspis Journal Article Kock, M. D. 1996 Wildlife, people and development: veterinary contributions to wildlife health and resource management in Africa Trop Anim Health Prod 28 1 68-80 Africa/epidemiology; Alligators and Crocodiles; Animal; Animal Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control; Animal Husbandry; *Animals, Wild; Birds; *Conservation of Natural Resources; Ecosystem; Education, Veterinary; Human; Perissodactyla; *Veterinary Medicine Human population pressures, habitat loss, environmental degradation and illegal hunting in Africa have resulted in the loss of biodiversity and near extinction of certain wildlife species. The dilemma for Africa is the balancing of conservation and development. If wildlife is not to become a relic of the past then it must have more than just aesthetic value. It must contribute materially to the well being of people who live close to the resource. In fact, appropriate management of biodiversity would lay the foundations for a more positive future for the rural people of Africa, with the key being the adoption of an active adaptive management philosophy. This paper reviews the issue of sustainable use of wildlife resources and how the Veterinary profession contributes positively to wildlife health management in Africa. These contributions have been through increasing veterinary inputs into wildlife management and research, disease surveillance and prevention, training and education. Wildlife and ecosystems are increasingly having to be managed in order to save and maintain biological diversity. Veterinarians have a crucial role to play towards the maintenance of wildlife health as part of a multi-disciplinary wildlife management team. Journal Article Koehl, M. A. R. 1996 When does morphology matter? Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27 501-542 Journal Article Koenig, Walter D.;Vuren, Dirk Van;Hooge, Philip N. 1996 Detectability, philopatry, and the distribution of dispersal distances in vertebrates TREE 11 12 514-517 Journal Article Kohring, R.;Hirsch, K.F. 1996 Crocodilian and avian eggshells from the Middle Eocene of the Geiseltal, Eastern Germany J. Vert. Paleo. 16 1 67-80 Well preserved eggs and eggshell from the Middle Eocene lignite beds of the Geiseltal (Eastern Germany) can be assigned to crocodilians and birds on the basis of their histostructure. Because a specific assignment of the crocodilian eggshell is not yet possible, its parataxonomic similarity to Krokolithes wilsoni Hirsch 1985 has supported establishing the new parataxonomic family Krokolithidae, including the new species, Krokolithes helleri. The avian eggshell of the Geiseltal is subdivided into three types, representing both palaeognathous and neognathous birds. The one specimen with a palaeognathous morphotype, has been assigned to the new parataxonomic family Medioolithidae with the type genus and species Medioolithus geiseltalensis. Journal Article Koivu, Tuomas 1996 Harvinaisia maakilpikonnia kateissa Madagaskarilla Herpetomania 5 2 38 Geochelone yniphora Journal Article Koivu, Tuomas 1996 Book review: A Natural History of Amphibians Herpetomania 5 3-4 58-59 Book review Journal Article Koivu, Tuomas 1996 Eksoottiset lemmikit ja Eläinsuojelu Herpetomania 5 2 15-20 Journal Article Koivu, Tuomas 1996 Notophthalmus viridescens Myrkyllinen jenkki Herpetomania 5 5 20-28 Notophthalmus viridescens Journal Article Kolle, P.;Hoffmann, R. 1996 [Blood parameters as an aid in the diagnosis of reptile diseases] Tierarztl Prax 24 4 402-5 As ill reptiles only show nonspecific clinical signs, blood chemistry parameters are a valuable help in diagnosis. Practicable sites for obtaining blood of snakes, sauria and chelonians are vena coccygealis ventralis and cardiac puncture, of chelonians also vena jugularis, axillaris and coccygealis dorsalis. The following blood parameters were investigated: number of erythrocytes and leucocytes, urea, uric acid, creatinine, AST (GOT), ALT (GPT) GLDH, AP, total bilirubin, CK, LDH, lipase, alpha-amylase, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride and total protein. Especially for diagnosing nephropathies evaluation of urea and uric acid proved to be valuable. Journal Article Komdeur, J. 1996 Facultative sex ratio bias in the offspring of Seychelles warblers Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 263 661-666 sex ratio Journal Article Komiyama, N.;Tame, J.;Nagai, K. 1996 A hemoglobin-based blood substitute: transplanting a novel allosteric effect of crocodile Hb Biol Chem 377 9 543-8 Alligators and Crocodiles/*blood; Animal; Blood Substitutes/*metabolism; Hemoglobins/*genetics/*metabolism; Human; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the large scale production of human hemoglobin in bacteria and yeast. This has opened up a way to produce a hemoglobin-based blood substitute which could replace conventional blood transfusion in some situations. Using our understanding of the structure-function relationships and evolutionary history of hemoglobin it has been possible to improve the oxygen transport properties of the molecule and solve a number of problems associated with the use of natural hemoglobin as a cell-free blood substitute. Journal Article Korky, John Kelly;Webb, Robert G. 1996 Morphological variation in larvae of Rana temporaria L. (Anura: Ranidae) in the Republic of Ireland Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society 19 159-181 Journal Article Korky, J. K.;Webb., R. G. 1996 Morphological variation in larvae of Rana temporaria L. (Anura: Ranidae) in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Biogeograph. Soc. Bull. 19 159-181 Journal Article Kornmann, Claudia 1996 Beutefang landbewohnender Sumpfschildkröten DATZ 49 11 711-713 Emydidae Journal Article Koslowsky, Julio ca. 1897 Ofidios de Matto-Grosso (Brasil) Rev. del Museo de La Plata 8 26-32 Journal Article Koslowsky, Julio ca. 1897 Enumeracion sistemática y distribucion geográfica de los reptiles Argentinos Rev. del Museo de La Plata 8 161-200, 7 plates Journal Article Kostenzer, Johannes;Leiner, Otto;Lentner, Reinhard 1996 Beitrag zur Amphibienfauna Tirols: Nachweis des Kammolches, Triturus cristatus (Laurenti, 1768) (Caudata: Salamandridae). [Contribution to the amphibian fauna of the Tyrol (Austria): Record of the warty newt Triturus cristatus (Laurenti, 1768) (Caudata: Salamandridae)] Herpetozoa 9 3/4 165-167 Triturus cristatus; Distribution; Austria Journal Article Kotthaus, Adolf ca. 1931 Die Entwicklung des Primordial-Craniums von Xenopus laevis bis zur Metamorphose Zeitschrift f. wissensch. Zoologie 144 510-572 Journal Article Kottra, G.;Iacovelli, C.;Caroppo, R.;Curci, S.;Bakos, P.;Fromter, E. 1996 Contribution of surface epithelial cells to total conductance of Necturus gastric fundus mucosa Am J Physiol 270 6 Pt 1 G902-8 Amiloride/pharmacology; Animal; Electric Conductivity; Electric Impedance; Epithelium/cytology/physiology; Gastric Acid/secretion; Gastric Fundus/cytology/physiology; Gastric Mucosa/cytology/*physiology; Histamine/pharmacology; Membrane Potentials; Necturus maculosus/*physiology; Parietal Cells, Gastric/physiology; Sodium/physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Microelectrode techniques were used to quantify the contribution of surface epithelial cells (SEC) to transepithelial conductance (gt) of Necturus gastric fundus mucosa. Transepithelial voltage (Vt) and resistance (Rt) as well as the basolateral cell membrane potential (Vb) and voltage divider ratio of SEC were measured. Freshly mounted preparations did not respond to luminal amiloride (10 microM), but within 2-3 h a significant response developed (delta Vt = 3.8 +/- 1.2 mV, delta Rt = 63 +/- 23 omega cm2, and delta Vb = -6.9 +/- 1.3 mV), indicating activation of an apical Na+ conductance in SEC. Using circuit analysis equations, we calculate that SEC contribute 10.4% to gt under control conditions and 13.0% after Na+ conductance activation. Histamine (0.1 mM), which stimulates the oxyntopeptic cells (OC), increased Vt and decreased Rt but did not significantly alter the membrane resistances of SEC. As a result, the contribution of SEC to gt fell to 7.4 or 9.3%, respectively. The data confirm that SEC are poorly permeable and that the major conductance path across gastric mucosa leads through OC in the glands. The reason for the protracted in vitro activation of the apical Na+ conductance in SEC is not known. Journal Article Kovalenko, E. E.;Kovalenko, Yu. I. 1996 Certain pelvic and sacral anomalies in Anura Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 172-177 Anura; Bufo; Sacrum; Pelvic arch; Hind limbs; Ectromelia; Supernumerary legs; Anomalies Journal Article Kovalenko, E. E. 1996 Analysis of Anura Sacrum variability. I. A method of analyzing Anura sacrum variability Journal of Zoology [Russian] 75 1 52-65 Book Köhler, Gunther 1996 Krankheiten der Amphibien und Reptilien [Diseases of Amphibians and Reptiles] Stuttgart, Germany Ulmer 168 Diseases Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus (Linnaeus) Sauria 18 2 2 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Self-Assessment Colour Review of Reptiles and Amphibians Salamandra 32 2 128 Book review Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 A new species of anole of the Norops pentaprion group from Isla de Utila, Honduras Senckenbergiana Biologica 75 1/2 23-31 Norops pentaprion group; Norops utilensis sp. nov.; new species; Polychridae Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 Pflege und Vermehrung der Lyraschlange Trimorphodon b. biscutatus Elaphe 4 3 2-5 Trimorphodon biscutatus; captive breeding Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 Freilanduntersuchungen zur Morphologie, Verbreitung und Lebenweise des Yucatán-Schwarzleguans (Ctenosaura defensor) [A field study on morphology and natural history of the Yucatán spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura defensor Salamandra 32 3 153-162 Reptilia; Sauria; Iguanidae; Ctenosaura defensor; Morphology; field observations; habitat; nutrition; reproduction Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 Buchbesprechung: Iguana iguaga - Guide for successful captive care Elaphe 4 1 51-52 Book review Journal Article Köhler, Gunther;Streit, Bruno 1996 Notes on the systematic status of taxa acanthura, pectinata, and similis of the genus Ctenosaura (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae) Senckenbergiana Biologica 75 1/2 33-43 Ctenosaura acanthura; Ctenosaura pectinata; Ctenisaura similis; taxonomy; systematics Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 Buchbesprechung: Leguane - Biologie, Haltung und Zucht Sauria 18 1 26 Book Review Journal Article Köhler, Gnther 1996 Haltungsfehler bei grünen leguanen DATZ 49 2 99-102 Iguana iguana Journal Article Köhler, Jörn;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Anuran amphibians from the region of Pre-Cambrian rock outcrops (inselbergs) in northeastern Bolivia, with a note on the gender of Scinax Wagler, 1830 (Hylidae) Revue fr. Aquariol. 23 3/4 133-140 Journal Article Köhler, Gunther 1996 Notes on a collection of reptiles from El Salvador collected between 1951 and 1956 Senckenbergiana Biologica 76 1/2 29-38 Journal Article Kölle, Petra;Baur, Markus;Hoffmann, Rudolf 1996 Ernärung von Schilkröten DATZ 49 5 292-295 Journal Article Kölle, Petra;Baur, Markus;Hoffmann, Rudolf 1996 Ernährung von schilkröten DATZ 49 6 380-382 Book Kramer, Peter A. 1996 An analysis of habitat utilization and feeding ecology of Plethodon richmondi and Plethodon cinereus in northern West Virginia Huntington Marshall University 99 p. Journal Article Kranich, Doug 1996 Successful breeding of green iguanas, Iguana iguana, in a seventh grade science classroom Vivarium 7 6 6-7;14-17 Iguana iguana; breeding Journal Article Kraus, Fred;Mink, Daniel G.;Brown, Wesley M. 1996 Crotaline intergeneric relationships based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data Copeia 1996 4 763-773 Crotalinae; mtDNA; DNA sequence; Phylogeny Journal Article Krintler, Karsten 1996 Biotope der Färberfrösche Dendrobates tinctorius in Französisch Guayana Sauria 18 4 29-34 South America; French Guyana; Cayenne and Saùl; Amphibia; Anura; Dendrobatidae; Hylidae; Leptodactylidae; Bufonidae; Sauria; Gekkonidae; Teiidae; Polychridae; Serpentes; Crotalidae; Colubridae; Biotopes; Dendrobates tinctorius Journal Article Krintler, Karsten 1996 Buchbesprechung: Pfeilgiftfrösche im Terrarium Sauria 18 3 29-30 Book review Journal Article Krishnamurthy, S. V. 1996 Future of some anurans in the Malnad region of Western Ghats Zoo's print 11 5 9-11 India Journal Article Krishnamurthy, S. V. 1996 Future of some anurans in the malnad Region of Western Ghats Zoos' Print 11 5 9-11 Edited Book Krone, Andreas;Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef 1996 Die Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 132 Bombina bombina; Germany; Ecology; Status Journal Article Kronshage, Andreas 1996 Beobachtungen an einer Kolonie der Geburtshelferkröte (Alytes obstetricans) im südwestfälischen Bergland (Nordrhein-Westfalen) [Observations on a colony of mid-wife toads (Alytes obstetricans) in the South Westphalian mountainous region (Northrhine-Westphalia) Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 151-165 Bombinatoridae; Alytes obstetricans; Habitat; Population size; Phenology; Body size; Clutch size; Conservation Journal Article Krug, P.;Stirl, R.;Failing, K.;Bonath, K.H. 1996 Isoflurane-Anaesthesia in Boa constrictor and it's Influence on Respiration, Circulation and Metabolism. Proceedings Eur. Ass. Zoo- Wildl. Vets 1 111-114 Reptilia, serpentes, boa constrictor, anaesthesia, isoflurane, ambient temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, induction time, recovery time. Fourteen boas (Boa constrictor) were anaesthetised with Isoflurane at room temperature (21°C) and at the snakes preferred temperature (30°C). As physiological parameters heart-rate, electrocardiogram, respiratory rate, respiratory minute-volume, systolic blood-pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, venous blood gasses and acid-base values, pain-reflexes, body righting reflex and head-rising reflex were measured. Induction and recovery time were recorded. The mean values of cardiovascular and pulmonary functions showed a consistent parallelism between both temperatures with lower values at 21°C than at 30°C. The exception was a slightly higher rise of the heart rate at 21°C compared with 30°C, where it remained almost on a constant level (p<0.001). The values of mean respiratory rates, respiratory minute volume and arterial oxygen saturation of the anaesthetised animals decreased consistently at both temperatures (p<0.001). Venous blood gas analysis showed a slight trend towards acidosis at both temperatures. Isoflurane was found to be a sufficient and safe acting anaesthetic agent in boas (Boa constrictor). Journal Article Krüger, Jens 1996 Phelsuma los geckos diurnos multicolores Reptilia 2 8 17-22 Phelsuma Journal Article Krüger, Jens 1996 Angaben zur Intergradationzone von Phelsuma m. madagascariensis und Phelsuma m. grandis im Nord-Osten Madagaskars [A note on the intergradation zone between Phelsuma m. madagascariensis and Phelsuma. m. grandis in northeastern Madagascar] Salamandra 32 3 217-222 Reptilia; Sauria; Gekkonidae; intergradation; Madagascar; Phelsuma madagascariensis; systematics Journal Article Krüger, Jens 1996 Zur Nomenklatur der lineata-Gruppe in der Gattung Phelsuma (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae). [On the nomenclature of the lineata group in the genus Phelsuma (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae)] Sauria 18 3 37-42 Reptilia; Sauria; Gekkonidae; Phelsuma lineata; Phelsuma lineata elanthana ssp. nov.; taxonomy; synonymy; distribution; Madagascar Journal Article Krysko, Kenneth L.;Decker, John 1996 Geographic Distribution. Tantilla oolitica Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Kubykin, Rudolf A. 1996 The Green Toad on islands in Lake Alakol, Southeastern Kazakhstan Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 217-220 Bufo viridis Journal Article Kuch, Ulrich 1996 Erfolgreiche Terrarienhaltung eines Java-Kraits, Bungarus javanicus Kopstein, 1932 Elaphe 4 2 10-12 Bungarus javanicus Journal Article Kuch, Ulrich;Schneyer, Wolfgang 1996 Erfahrungen mit der terrarienhaultung von vier arten nahrungsspezialisierter giftnattern der gattung Bungarus Daudin, 1803 Teil IV: Bungarus flaviceps (Reinhardt, 1843) Sauria 18 2 3-16 Bungarus flaviceps; Reptilia; Serpentes; Elapidae; distribution; Bungarus; ecology; reproduction; behavior; diet; husbandry; diseases; medical treatment; longevity Journal Article Kudryavtsev, S. V.;Mamet, S. V. 1996 Field's viper Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi K. P. Schmidt, 1930 at the Moscow Zoo Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 201-203 Pseudocerastes persicus fieldi; Captive Breeding; Moscow Zoo Journal Article Kulesa, P.M.;Cruywagen, G.C.;Lubkin, S.R.;Ferguson, M.W.J.;Murray, J.D. 1996 Modeling the spatial patterning of teeth primordia in the alligator Acta Biotheor. 44 2 153-164 AM, anatomy, embryo, We propose a model mechanism for the initiation and spatial positioning of teeth primordia in the alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Detailed embryological studies by Westergaard and Ferguson (1986, 1987, 1990) have shown that jaw growth plays a crucial role in the developmental patterning of the tooth initiation process. Based on biological data we develop a dynamic patterning mechanism, which crucially includes domain growth. The mechanism can reproduce the spatial pattern development of the first seven teeth primordia in each half jaw of A. mississippiensis. The results for the precise spatio-temporal sequence compare well with experiment. Simulation of the model also predicts that certain transplantations can alter the spatial sequence of teeth primordia initiation. Journal Article Kulesa, P.M.;Cruywagen, G.C.;Lubkin, S.R.;Maini, P.K.;Sneyd, J.;Ferguson, M.W.J.;Murray, J.D. 1996 On a model mechanism for the spatial patterning of teeth primordia in alligator J. Theor. Biol. 180 4 287-296 AM, food, embryo, genetics, We propose a model mechanism for the initiation and spatial positioning of teeth primordia in the alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Detailed embryological studies by Westergaard & Ferguson (1986, 1987, 1990) show that jaw growth plays a crucial role in the developmental patterning of the tooth initiation process. Based on biological data we develop a reaction diffusion mechanism, which crucially includes domain growth. The model can reproduce the spatial pattern development of the first seven teeth primordia in the lower half jaw of A. mississippiensis. The results for the precise spatio temporal sequence compare well with detailed developmental experiments. Journal Article Kumar, V. Vijaya 1996 Gujarat mugger studies Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 7 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Kumar, V. V.;Choudhury, B. C.;Soni, V. C. 1996 Diet of muggers Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 6-7 Crocodylus palustris Journal Article Kumar, N.;Das, P.;Padgaonkar, A.S. 1996 Blood biochemistry of the estuarine snake, Acrochordus granulatus Journal of Advanced Zoology 17 2 86-88 Reptilia, serpentes, Acrochordus granulatus, physiology, blood, biochemistry, values The blood biochemistry values were determined in the estuarine snake, Acrochordus granulatus. The blood biochemistry values investigated were blood glucose, serum cholesterol, total serum lipids, serum urea, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, serum bilirubin, total serum proteins and albumin. Values obtained ale compared with those reported in other reptiles. N Kumar, Bnn Coll, Dept Zool, Bhiwani 421305, India Journal Article Kumasaka, T.;Yamamoto, M.;Moriyama, H.;Tanaka, N.;Sato, M.;Katsube, Y.;Yamakawa, Y.;Omorisatoh, T.;Iwanaga, S.;Ueki, T. 1996 Crystal structure of H-2-proteinase from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis Journal of Biochemistry 119 1 49-57 crystal structure; snake venom; zinc-protease; SNAKE-VENOM; HEMORRHAGIC PROTEIN; WEISSENBERG CAMERA; DIFFRACTION DATA; METALLOPROTEINASES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; INHIBITOR; SEQUENCE Journal Article Kumazawa, Yoshinori;Ota, Hidetoshi;Nishida, Mutsumi;Ozawa, Tomowo 1996 Gene rearrangements in snake mitochondrial genomes: highly concerted evolution of control-region-like sequences duplicated and inserted into a tRNA gene center Molecular Biology & Evolution 13 9 1242-1254 MtDNA; genetics Journal Article Kuntze, A. 1996 Anesthesia in Pets (Small Mammals, Psittacines and Reptiles) Tierarztliche Praxis 24 6 600-603 Mammalia, aves, reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, anaesthesia Journal Article Kupferberg, Sarah 1996 Hydrologic and geomorphic factors affecting conservation of a river-breeding frog (Rana boylii) Ecological Applications 6 4 1332-1344 Amphibians, Anura, geomorphology, hydrology, oviposition, physical habitat, Rana boylii, reproductive success, river, spatial scale Journal Article Kupferberg, Sarah J. 1996 Hydrologic and geomorphic factors affecting conservation of a river-breeding frog (Rana boylii) Ecological Applications 6 4 1332-1344 Journal Article Kuramoto, Mitsuru 1996 Generic differentiation of sperm morphology in treefrogs from Japan and Taiwan Journal of Herpetology 30 3 437-443 Sperm morphology Journal Article Kutenkov, Anatoly P. 1996 Natural breeding ponds of the common frog (Rana temporaria), and their location in the Karelia - Kola Region Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 139-148 Journal Article Kuzmin, Sergius L.;Bobrov, Vladimir V.;Dunaev, Evgeny A. 1996 Amphibians of Moscow Province: distribution, ecology, and conservation Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 19-72 Russia; Amphibians; Moscow Province Journal Article Kuzmin, Sergius L.;Tarkhnishvili, David N. 1996 Food niche dimensions in a Caucasian amphibian assemblage Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 117-129 Journal Article Kuzmin, Sergius L. 1996 The taxonomic position of amphibian species from "Zoographia Rosso - Asiatica" by P.S. Pallas Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 47-65 Journal Article Kuzmin, Sergius L.;Scerbanj, Mikhail I. 1996 Distribution and status of the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) populations in the former Soviet Union Naturschutzreport 11 1 231-240 Book Section Kühnei, Klaus-Detlef 1996 Bestandsrückgang der Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina Linnaeus 1761) in Berlin und Grundzüge eines Schutzkonzepts Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 104-116 Bombina bombina; Germany; Status Journal Article Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef 1996 Buchbesprechung: Biology of Salamandra and Mertensiella Sauria 18 1 38 Book Review Journal Article Kühnel, Klaus Detlef 1996 Hyla meridionalis Boettger Sauria 18 3 Supplement 365-368 Hyla meridionalis Journal Article Kvarnemo, C.;Ahnesjo, I. 1996 The dynamics of operational sex ratios and competition for mates Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 10 404-407 sex ratio Journal Article Kwet, Axel 1996 Zu den natürlichen Feinden des Laichs von Froschlurchen [Predators of Anuran eggs] Salamandra 32 1 31-44 Anura; Bufonidae; Bufo bufo; Ranidae; Rana kl. esculenta; Rana temporaria; anuran eggs; predators Journal Article Kwet, Axel 1996 Zur Überwinterung juveniler Erdkröten und anderer Amphibien im Naturschutzgebiet "Federsee" [Hibernation of common toads and other amphibians in the nature reserve "Federsee"] Salamandra 32 1 45-54 Urodela; Anura; Ranidae; Bufonidae; Bufo bufo; aquatic overwintering; hibernacula Journal Article La Mar, Mary Catherine 1996 The secretive spotted salamander Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 106-112 Ambystoma maculatum Journal Article La Marca, Enrique;Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham 1996 Taxonomy and geographic distribution of a northwestern Venezuelan toad (Anura, Bufonidae, Bufo sternosignatus) Alytes 14 3 101-114 taxonomy; distribution; Bufo sternosignatus; Venezuela; Bufo typhonius complex; morphology; biogeography; Journal Article La Marca, Enrique 1996 First record of Hyla pugnax (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) in Venezuela Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 35-42 Journal Article Lacy, Gregory B. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Regina septemvittata Herpetological Review 27 3 154-155 Journal Article Ladds, P.W.;Bradley, J.;Hirst, R.G. 1996 Providencia rettgeri Meningitis in Hatchling Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) Australian Veterinary Journal 74 5 397-398 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, infection, bacteria, Providencia rettgeri , pathology, meningitis Journal Article Ladds, P.W.;Bradley, J.;Hirst, R.G. 1996 Providencia rettgeri meningitis in hatchling Saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) Austral. Vet. J. 74 5 397-398 CPR, farm, disease, Journal Article LaDuc, Travis J.;Lannutti, Dominic I.;Ross, Mike K.;Beamer, David 1996 Lampropeltis getula splendida (Desert kingsnake). Diet Herpetological Review 27 1 25 Lampropeltis getula; diet Journal Article LaDuc, Travis J.;Lunt, Kaleb C. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana catesbeiana Herpetological Review 27 4 209 Journal Article Laerm, Joshua;Brown, Eric;Barker, Katherine 1996 New records of amphibians and reptiles from the Cumberland Plateau in Dade County, georgia Herpetological Review 27 2 91-92 Journal Article Laforgia, Vincenza;Cavagnuolo, Antimo;Sciarrillo, Rosaria;Capaldo, Anna 1996 The effects of insulin on TSH secretion and the morphology and physiology of the thryoid in the lizard Podarcis s. sicula Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 39-45 Podarcis sicula; Insulin; TSH; Thyroid Journal Article Lahav, S.;Dmi'El, R. 1996 Skin resistance to water loss in colubrid snakes: Ecological and taxonomical correlations. Ecoscience 3 2 135-139 snakes, taxonomical correlations Journal Article Laister, A. 1996 The threat to the Humber Head Peat Lands (scarred by surface-milling and summer inferno) The Herptile 21 3 95-99 Journal Article LaMar, Mary Catherine 1996 So... just why should you keep frogs and toads as pets? Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 82-85 Journal Article Lamberton, Ken 1996 Romero Pools: herping foray to a desert oasis Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 62-72 Journal Article Lamboy, Warren Frank 1996 Morphological characters, polytomies, and homoplasy indices: response to Wiens and Hillis Systematic Botany 21 4 243-253 Journal Article Lambrechts, Wim 1996 Bijzonderheden uit de amfibieënwereld [Specialities from the amphibian world] Terra 32 5 145-150 Journal Article Lamnek, H.F. 1996 Seasonable influences on blood values and steroids of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) Saisonale Einflüsse auf Blutparameter und sexualhormone bei der Europäischen Sumfschildkröte (Emys orbicularis) Inaug. Dissertation 1-167 Reptiliea, testudines, Emys orbicularis, physiology, blood, values, season Private collection P. Zwart Thesis Lamnek, H.F. 1996 Saisonale Einflüsse auf Blutparameter und sexualhormone bei der Europäischen Sumfschildkröte (Emys orbicularis) [Seasonable influences on blood values and steroids of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis)] 167 Private collection P. Zwart Journal Article Lancaster, Debra L.;Wise, Sharon E. 1996 Differential response by the ringneck snake, Diadophis punctatus, to odors of tail-autotomizing prey Herpetologica 52 1 98-108 Reptilia; Colubridae; Diadophis punctatus; Amphibia; Plethodontidae; Plethodon cinereus; Prey detection; Tail autotomy; Substrate odors; Chemoattractants; Foraging behavior Book Lang, Jeffrey W. n.d. (ca. 1983) The Reptiles & Amphibians of Minnesota: Distribution maps, habitat preferences, selected references Minneapolis Minnesota DNR Report ca. 100 Journal Article Lange, Jürgen 1996 Zoo-Aquarium Berlin bürgert seeschildkröten im Mittelmeer aus DATZ 49 1 39-41 Journal Article Langerwerf, Bert 1996 My Grozny lizards Reptiles 4 9 76-83 Lacerta strigata Journal Article Langeveld, C. M. 1996 The Brazilian Rainbow boa, a beautiful terrarium dweller (Epicrates cenchria cenchria, Linnaeus, 1758) Litteratura Serpentium 16 6 152-158 Epicrates cenchria Journal Article Langtimm, Catherine A.;Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr;Franz, Richard 1996 Estimates of abundance of box turtles (Terrapene carolina bauri) on a Florida Island Herpetologica 52 4 496-504 Box turtle; Island; Florida; Abundance; population size estimation; movement patterns; mark-recapture; open population models Journal Article Lannoo, Michael J. 1996 SSAR/DAPTF Symposium report Froglog 1996 19 2 Book Lannoo, Michael J. 1996 Okoboji Wetlands: A Lesson in Natural History Iowa City University of Iowa Press xvi, 156 p., 16 plates Journal Article Lannutti, Dominic I.;LaDuc, Travis;Johnson, Jerry D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Tantilla nigriceps Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Lannutti, Dominic I.;LaDuc, Travis J.;Johnson, Jerry D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis Marcianus marcianus Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Lannutti, Dominic I.;LaDuc, Travis;Johnson, Jerry D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Masticophis flagellum testaceus Herpetological Review 27 4 214 Journal Article Lannutti, Dominic I.;LaDuc, Travis J.;Johnson, Jerry D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Elaphe guttata emoryi Herpetological Review 27 4 212 Journal Article Lannutti, Dominic I.;LaDuc, Travis J.;Johnson, Jerry D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rheinocheilus lecontei tesselatus Herpetological Review 27 4 214 Journal Article Lannutti, Dominic I.;LaDuc, Travis J.;Johnson, Jerry D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hypsiglena torquata jani Herpetological Review 27 4 213 Journal Article Lau, Michael 1996 Amphibians in Hong Kong Zoo's print 11 5 17-18 Hong Kong Book Section Lauder, George V.;Reilly, Stephen M. 1996 The mechanistic bases of behavioral evolution: a multivariate analysis of musculoskeletal function Martins, E.P. Phylogenies and the Comparative Method in Animal Behavior New York Oxford University Press 104-137 Journal Article Laufer, Hubert;Nöllert, Andreas 1996 Bibliographie zur Gelbbauchunke, Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758) Naturschutzreport 11 2 262-325 Journal Article Laurance, William F.;McDonald, Keith R.;Speare, Richard 1996 Epidemic disease and the catastrophic decline of Australian rain forest frogs Conservation Biology 10 2 406-413 Australia; Amphibian decline; Disease; Journal Article Laurance, William F.;McDolnald, Keith R.;Richard, Speare 1996 Epidemic disease and the catastrophic decline of Australian rain forest frogs Conservation Biology 10 406 - 413 Frog, Australian Journal Article Lawler, Howard E.;van Devender, Thomas R. 1996 Sympholis lippiens (Banded burrowing snake). Diet Herpetological Review 27 4 205 Journal Article Lawson, Robin;King, Richard B. 1996 Gene flow and melanism in Lake Erie garter snake populations Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 59 1-19 Journal Article Layne, Jack R., Jr;Lee, Richard E., Jr;Cutwa, Michele M. 1996 Post-hibernation excretion of glucose in urine of the freeze tolerant frog Rana sylvatica Journal of Herpetology 30 1 85-87 Rana sylvatica; Freeze tolerance; Glucose Journal Article Lazcano-Barrero, Marco A. 1996 Crocodile attacks in Cancun Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 18-19 Crocodilians; Attacks; Mexico; Yucatan Peninsula; Crocodylus acutus; Crocodylus morletii Journal Article Lazell, James;Lu, Wenhua 1996 Geographic Distribution. Kaloula pulchra pulchra Herpetological Review 27 4 209 Journal Article Lazell, James 1996 Geographic Distribution. Dibamus bogadeki Herpetological Review 27 4 210-211 Journal Article Le Berre, François 1996 A few notes on four species of Brookesia Reptiles 4 10 24-30 Brookesia thieli; Brookesia superciliaris; Brookesia peramata; Brookesia vandoni Journal Article Leary, Christopher J. 1996 Bufo woodhousii and B. americanus (Woodhouse's toad and American toad). Vocalization Herpetological Review 27 3 139 Journal Article Leatherman, Brian M. 1996 Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillii. Conservation Herpetological Review 27 2 80 Journal Article LeClere, Jeffrey B. 1996 natural history & captive care of the northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 46-53 Nerodia sipedon Journal Article LeClere, Jeff 1996 Snakes of Minnesota: Timber rattlesnake , Crotalus horridus Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 16 1 9-10 Crotalus horridus Journal Article Ledu, M.H.;Housset, D.;Marchot, P.;Bougis, P.E.;Navaza, J.;Fontecillacamps, C. 1996 Structure of fasciculin 2 from green mamba snake venom: Evidence for unusual loop flexibility Acta Crystallographica Section D - Biological Crystallography 52 Part 1 87-92 DENDROASPIS-POLYLEPIS-POLYLEPIS; NAJA-MOSSAMBICA-MOSSAMBICA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; ALPHA-NEUROTOXIN; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ERABUTOXIN-B; RESOLUTION Journal Article Ledue, Heather 1996 A chat with Bill Lamar Reptiles 4 9 10-24 Journal Article Lee, John R. 1996 Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (Eastern cottonmouth). Coloration Herpetological Review 27 1 22 Agkistrodon piscivorus; Coloration Journal Article Lee, John R. 1996 Book review: Geckoes: Biology, Husbandry, and Reproduction Copeia 1996 4 1063-1064 Book review Journal Article Lee, Steve 1996 A record of albinism in the red tree frog Litoria rubella Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 99 Litoria rubella; albino Book Lee, Julian C. 1996 The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Yucatán Peninsula Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press xii + 500 + 40 plates Journal Article Lee, John R. 1996 Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (Eastern cottonmouth) coloration Herpetological Review 27 22 Journal Article Lee, J. R. 1996 Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (eastern cottonmouth) coloration Herpetological Review 27 1 22 Agkistrodon piscivorus, cottonmouth, morphology Journal Article Leenders, Twan;Beckers, Gabriël;Strijbosch, Henk 1996 Micrurus mipartitus (NCN). Polymorphism Herpetological Review 27 1 25 Micrurus mipartitus; Diet Journal Article Lefcort, Hugh 1996 Adaptive, chemically mediated fright response in tadpoles of the southern leopard frog, Rana utricularia Copeia 1996 2 455-459 Rana utricularia; fright response Journal Article Legler, John M. 1996 General description and definition of the order Chelonia Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club 1996 32 13-16 Journal Article Lehmann, Holger 1996 Stellungnahme der AG ARK zur Kennzeichnung von Amphibien und Reptilien im Rahmen artenschutzrechtlicher Maßnahmen Elaphe 4 2 47-51 Journal Article Lehmann, Harry 1996 Eine freundschaft fürs laben: der feuersalamander DATZ 49 2 130-131 Iguana iguana Journal Article Lehmann, H. 1996 Critical aspects of marking protected reptiles and amphibians for legislative purpose Praktische Tierarzt 77 7 589 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, Amphibia, urodeles, caudata, identification, transponder, tissue reaction, welfare Methods for individual marking of specimens of protected animal species in captivity have been claimed by legislation. A major concern in evaluation of adequate methods is to find a marking technique which can be used in most protected species with access across national borders. With respect to this issue the use of passive integrated transponders is supposed to offer a feasible solution. Critical aspects of the use of transponders in reptiles and amphibians are comprised in this work leading to the conclusion that numerous problems exist with severe implications to animal welfare, Therefore the use of transponders in reptiles and amphibians for legal purposes is not recommended from a veterinary point of view. H Lehmann, Drostestr 5, D-30161 Hannover, Germany Journal Article Leisi, Christian;Brinkmann, Robert;Brauns, Carsten;Kraus, Ulrich 1996 Die Verbreitung der Amphibien im Stadgebeit von Hannover [The distribution of amphibians in the city of Hannover] Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 103-122 Hannover; Amphibians ; Distribution; Urban ecology Journal Article Lemckert, Francis 1996 Effects of toe-clipping on the survival and behaviour of the Australian frog Crinia signifera Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 287-290 Crinia signifera; Toe-clipping Journal Article Lemckert, Francis 1996 An observation of aggregation behaviour by tadpoles of the Great Barred River frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus) Herpetofauna 26 1 43-44 Mixophyes fasciolatus; tadpole; aggregation behavior Journal Article Lemckert, F. 1996 An observation of aggregation behaviour by tadpoles of the great barred river frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus) Herptofauna 26 43-44 Journal Article Lemos-Espinal, Julio;Smith, Geoffrey R.;Ballinger, Royce E. 1996 Natural history of the Mexican knob-scaled lizard, Xenosaurus rectocollaris Herpetological Natural History 4 2 151-154 Xenosaurus rectocollaris; natural history Journal Article Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Smith, Geoffrey R.;Ballinger, Royce E. 1996 Ventral blue coloration and sexual maturation in male Sceloporus gadoviae lizards Journal of Herpetology 30 4 546-548 Sceloporus gadoviae; sexual maturation Journal Article Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Smith, Geoffrey R.;Ballinger, Royce E. 1996 Covariation of egg size, clutch size, and offspring survivorship in the genus Sceloporus Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 58-66 Journal Article Lemos-Espinal, Julio A.;Smith, Geoffrey R.;Ballinger, Royce E. 1996 Natural history of the Mexican knob-scaled lizard, Xenosaurus rectocollaris Herpetological Natural History 4 2 151-154 Journal Article Lenk, Peter 1996 Book Review: Das terrarium für den Anfänger Copeia 1996 2 506-507 Book Review Journal Article Leonard, William P.;Leonard, Nicholas P.;Storm, Robert M.;Petzel, Patricia E. 1996 Rana pretiosa (Spotted frog). Behavior and reproduction Herpetological Review 27 4 195 Journal Article Leonard, Bill 1996 Young Varanus salvator rescue Varanews 4 4 7 Varanus salvator Journal Article Leonard, William P.;Leonard, Nicholas P. 1996 Thamnophis sirtalis pickeringii. Foraging and arboreality Herpetological Review 27 2 84 Journal Article Leonard, William P. 1996 Plethodon vehiculum (Western red-backed salamander). Habitat Herpetological Review 27 4 195 Journal Article Leotti, Janice M. 1996 In appreciation of the green anole Reptiles 4 9 116 Anolis carolinensis Journal Article Leptien, Rolf 1996 Descriptions of natural history, behavior and husbandry of two geckos in the genus Asaccus from the United Arab Emirates Dactylus 3 1 18-23 Asaccus gallagheri; Asaccus elisae Journal Article Lescure, J.;Marty, V.;Marty, C.;Auber-Thomay, M. 1996 Contribution à l'étude des Amphibiens de Guyane française. XI. Les Phrynohyas (Anura, Hylidae) Revue fr. Aquariol. 23 1-2 69-76 Phrynohyas resinifictrix; Phrynohyas venulosa; Phrynohyas coriacea; Anura; Hylidae; French Guiana; Key; Defensive behavior Journal Article Leslie, Alison;Blake, Dave 1996 Nile crocodile barbecue? Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 4-5 Journal Article Leslie, Alison J.;Penick, David N.;Spotila, James R.;Paladino, Frank V. 1996 Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting and nest success at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, in 1990-1991 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 159-168 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting; nests; hatchlings; predation; temperature; sex ratio; Costa Rica Journal Article Leslie, A.J.;Penick, D.N.;Spotila, J.R.;Paladino, F.V. 1996 Leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, nesting and nest success at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, in 1990-1991 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 159-168 leatherback; sex ratio; metbolic warming Journal Article Leszczynski, Zig;Zappalorti, Robert 1996 Observations on nesting behavior of the northern pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus) in the New Jersey Pine Barrens Reptiles 4 5 24-38 Pituophis melanoleucus; Nesting behavior Journal Article Leuteritz, Thomas, E.;Manson, Cynthia J. 1996 Preliminary observations on the effects of human perterbation on basking behavior in the Midland Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata) Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 1 16-23 Journal Article Levell, John P. 1996 Book Review: Amphibians & Reptiles of New Mexico and Snakes, Lizards, Turtles, Frogs, Toads & Salamanders of New Mexico Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 36-40 Book review Journal Article Li, Q.-B.;Wang, N.-P.;Tang, S.-X.;Chen, G.-Z.;Lu, C.;Zhong, X.-J.;Kawamura, Y.;Toriba, M.;Sawai, Y. 1996 Report on treatment of seasnake bites with antivenom of Hydrophis cyanocinctus in China The Snake 27 2 110-113 Journal Article Licek, Elisabeth;Grillitsch, Britta 1996 In memorium O. Univ. Prof. Dr. Walter Grünberg Herpetozoa 9 3/4 175-175 Journal Article Licht, Lawrence E. 1996 Amphibian decline still a puzzle BioScience 46 172-173 Andrew Blaustein, ultraviolet radiation Journal Article Liczbinski, Bill 1996 Timber rattlesnake profile HOTS Reptile Research 6 1 4-5 Crotalus horridus Book Section Lidicker, William Z. ;Koenig, Walter D. 1996 Responses of terrestrial vertebrates to habitat edges and corridors McCullough, Dale R. Metapopulations and Wildlife Conservation Washington, D. C. Island Press 85-109 Journal Article Lilley, Gary 1996 Gary Lilley's "all you ever wanted to know about herptiles, but were afraid to ask!" Reptilian 4 6 6-7 Journal Article Lillywhite, H.B. 1996 Husbandry of the little file snake, Acrochordus granulatus Zoo Biology 15 3 315-327 Reptilia, serpentes, little file snake, Acrochordus granulatus, husbandry, management Aquatic snakes of the family Acrochordidae are unusual in terms of appearance, biology, and natural history. In spite of many attractive and fascinating features, there are few zoological exhibits of acrochordid snakes, and as a result many aspects of their husbandry are poorly understood. The present paper summarizes aspects of acrochordid biology related to health and welfare of captive snakes, with emphasis on the little file snake, Acrochordus granulatus. Several key points emerge having crucial relevance to successful husbandry. 1) File snakes are sensitive to low temperatures and to rapid thermal change. Captive snakes do well when maintained at water temperatures of 27-30 degrees C and will not thrive if water temperatures are below 25 degrees C. 2) File snakes can be kept in either fresh water or seawater. Snakes in sea or brackish water dehydrate, however, and must be allowed to drink fresh water periodically. If snakes from marine populations are maintained in saline water, 60-70% seawater is recommended. In all cases, water should be filtered or changed periodically to maintain quality. 3) File snakes feed almost exclusively on fishes which are usually captured in body coils. Snakes are more inclined to feed well if live prey are offered in shallow water where they are more easily captured. 4) File snakes are nocturnal and prefer quiescent seclusion within darkened refugia during daylight hours. Providing snakes with refugia such as sections of PVC pipe (which simulate burrows) helps reduce stress and improves the chances of snakes feeding regularly. 5) Snakes tend to burrow, and they locomote by crawling as well as by swimming. Use of sharp or rough materials in aquaria should be avoided because of possible skin abrasion which increases permeability and provides sites for bacterial infection. HB Lillywhite, Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Journal Article Lima Santos, Roberto 1996 The Brazilian bromeliad crab Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 40-51 Journal Article Lind, Amy J.;Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr;Wilson, Randolph A. 1996 The effects of a dam on breeding habitat and egg survival of the foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii) in Northwestern California Herpetological Review 27 2 62-67 Rana boylii Journal Article Lindell, L.E.;Forsman, A. 1996 Density effects and snake predation: Prey limitation and reduced growth rate of adders at high density of conspecifics Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 74 6 1000-1007 Reptilia, serpentes, Vipera berus, propagation, age, body size, food, feeding To test the hypothesis that snakes limit the population growth of their prey, we measured the density of adders (Vipera berus) and field voles (Microtus agrestis) over several years on six small islands (1-12 ha) in the Baltic Sea. In both 1989 and 1990 we found a negative relationship (significant in one year) between the density of adders and voles across islands, indicating that on islands with high densities the adders exert such a high predation pressure that the voles become predator limited. In 1991 and 1993 we experimentally manipulated adder densities to rule out potential island effects. A comparison between transferred and resident snakes revealed no negative effects of being transferred to an unfamiliar environment. Furthermore, vole density decreased more on islands where we had experimentally increased adder density compared with islands with reduced densities and unmanipulated controls, but the difference was not significant. To test the hypothesis that adders at high densities of conspecifics decrease the vole population so much as to become resource limited, we calculated mean annual relative growth rate (a size-independent measure of growth rate) of adders on all islands during 1989 through 1993. In all 5 years we found a negative relationship across islands between adder density and growth rate of adders. Combining all years there was a significant negative effect of adder density, suggesting that on islands with high densities the adders suffer a reduction in growth rates that was due to intense exploitative competition. LE Lindell, Uppsala Univ, Dept Zool, Villavagen 9, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Journal Article Lindeman, Peter V. 1996 Distribution, relative abundance, and basking ecology of the razorback musk turtle, Kinosternon carinatum, in the Pearl and Pascagoula River Drainages Herpetological Natural History 4 1 23-34 Razorback musk turtle; Kinosternon carinatum; basking; Pearl River; Pascagoula River Journal Article Lindeman, Peter V. 1996 comparative life history of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) in two habitats in the inland Pacific Northwest Copeia 1996 1 114-130 Chrysemys picta; Life history Journal Article Lindeman, P. V. 1996 Comparative life history of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) in two habitats in the inland pacific northwest Copeia 1 114-130 comparative, life history, painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, habitats, Pacific northwest Journal Article Lindquist, Erik D.;Hetherington, Thomas E. 1996 Field studies on visual and acoustic signaling in the "earless" Panamanian golden frog, Atelopus zeteki Journal of Herpetology 30 3 347-354 Atelopus zeteki; Acoustic signaling; Visual signaling; Behavior Journal Article Lindsay, C. 1996 The green turtle's sacrifice Natural History 46-51 green; use Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1996 Anolis carolinensis carolinensis. nectar feeding Herpetological Review 27 2 78 Journal Article Liner, Ernest A 1996 Herpetological type material from Nuevo Léon, México Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 9 168-171 Nuevo Léon; Mexico Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1996 Addenda to checklist of Scientific and Common Names of Mexican Amphibians and Reptiles Herpetological Review 27 3 128-129 Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana palustris Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sternotherus carinatus Herpetological Review 27 3 151 Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Virginia striatula Herpetological Review 27 3 155 Journal Article Liner, Ernest A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eumeces laticeps Herpetological Review 27 3 152 Journal Article Linley, Mike 1996 Care and captive maintenance of tortoises The Rephiberary 227 2-5 Journal Article Lions, Maria Luisa;Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sibynomorphus ventrimaculatus Herpetological Review 27 4 214 Journal Article Lions, Maria Luisa;Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz 1996 Geographic Distribution. Anisolepis longicauda Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article Lions, Maria Luisa;Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sibynomorphus lavillai Herpetological Review 27 4 214 Journal Article Lips, Karen R.;Savage, Jay M. 1996 A new species of rainfrog, Eleutherodactylus phasma (Anura: Leptodactylidae), from Montane Costa Rica Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109 4 744-748 Journal Article Lips, Karen R. 1996 New treefrog from the cordillera de Talamanca of Central America with a discussion of systematic relationships in the Hyla lancasteri group Copeia 1996 3 615-626 Hyla lancasteri group; new species; Hyla calypsa sp. nov.; Costa Rica Journal Article Lips, Karen R.;Savage, Jay M. 1996 Key to the known tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) of Costa Rica Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 31 17-26 reproductive modes Journal Article Lips, Karen R.;Savage, Jay M. 1996 A new species of rainfrog, Eleutherodactylus phasma (Anura: Leptodactylidae), from montane Costa Rica Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109 744-748 Cordillera de Talamanca, E. fitzingeri Journal Article Lips, Karen R. 1996 News treefrog from the Cordillera de Talamanca of Central America with a discussion of systematic relationship in the Hyla lancasteri group Copeia 1996 615 - 626 Hyla lancasteri, treefrog, relationship Journal Article Lips, K. R.;Savage., J. M. 1996 Key to the known tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura) of Costa Rica Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 31 17-26 Journal Article Litvinchuk, S. N. 1996 On records of Salamandra salamandra in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Region Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 196-198 Salamandra salamandra; Kaliningrad Province; Russia; Poland; Lithuania; Latvia Journal Article Litvinchuk, S. N.;Rudyk, A. M.;Borkin, L. J. 1996 Observations on paedomorphic newts (Triturus vulgaris) from the former Soviet Union Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 39-48 Paedomorphosis; Triturus vulgaris; Abkhazia; Caucasus; St. Petersburg; Russia Journal Article Liu, Hao;Wassersug, Richard J.;Kawachi, Keiji 1996 A computational fluid dynamics study of tadpole swimming Journal of Experimental Biology 199 1245-1260 hydrodynamics, fluid mechanics, locomotion Journal Article Liu, H.;Wassersug, R.;Kawachi., K. 1996 A computational fluid dynamics study of tadpole swimming Journal of Experimental Zoology 199 1245-1260 Journal Article Livich, Jefrey E. 1996 Possible demographic and ecologic consequences of sex ratio manipulation in turtles Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 114 - 117 Turtles, ecology, manipulation Journal Article Livo, Lauren J. 1996 Komodo carriers Cold Blooded News 23 2 1 Journal Article Livo, Lauren J. 1996 The boreal toad Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 54-61 Bufo boreas Journal Article Livo, Lauren J.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Liochlorophis (=Opheodrys) vernalis Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Lizana, Miguel 1996 Noticias sobre participación de la AHE en la Conservación Europea de Anfibios y Reptiles Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 44-45 Journal Article Lizana, Miguel 1996 Biblioteca Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 47-54 Journal Article Lizana, M.;del Arco, C.;Morales, J. J.;Bosch, J.;Cejudo, D.;López González, F. J.;Gutiérrez, J. ;Martín-Sánchez, R. 1996 Atlas provisional de la herpetofauna en el Sistema Central segoviano Revista Española de Herpetología 9 113-132 Amphibia, distribution, Reptilia, Segovia Journal Article Llorente, Gustavo A.;Arano, Begoña;Carretero, Miguel A.;García-París, Mario;Herrero, Pilar;Esteban, Marisa 1996 Descripción de la larva de Rana saharica Boulenger, 1913 Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 19-23 Journal Article Lloyd, M. 1996 CHLORHEXIDINE TOXICOSIS FROM SOAKING IN RED BELLIED SHORT NECKED TURTLES, EMYDURA SUBGLOBOSA Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 4 6 Reptilia, testudines, red bellied short necked turtle, Emydura subglobosa, intoxication, chlorhexidine Journal Article Lloyd, M. 1996 Chlorhexidine toxicosis from soaking in red bellied short necked turtles, Emydura subglobosa Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 4 6 Reptilia, testudines, red bellied short necked turtle, Emydura subglobosa, intoxication, chlorhexidine Journal Article Lloyd, Mark 1996 Chlorhexidine toxicosis from soaking in red-bellied short-necked turtles, Emydura subglobosa Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 4 6-7 Journal Article Loafman, Patrick;Jones, Larry 1996 Dicamptodon copei (Cope's giant salamander). Metamorphosis and Predation Herpetological Review 27 3 136 Journal Article Lohmann, K.J.;Lohmann, C.M.F. 1996 Orientation and open-sea navigation in sea turtles Journal of Experimental Biology 199 1 73-81 orientation; navigation; waves; magnetic; magnetoreception; sea turtle; Caretta carretta; Chelonia mydas; CARETTA-CARETTA L; OFFSHORE MIGRATION; LOGGERHEAD; BEHAVIOR; CUES; HATCHLINGS; COMPASS Journal Article Lohmann, K.J.;Lohmann, C.M.F. 1996 Detection of magnetic field intensity by sea turtles Nature 380 59-61 Book Section Lohmann, K.J.;B.E. Witherington, C.M.F. Lohmann, M. Salmon 1996 Orientation, navigation, and natal beach homing in sea turtles P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 107-136 Journal Article Lopez, T. J.;Maxson, L. R. 1996 Albumin and mitochondrial DNA evolution: Phylogenetic implications for colubrine snakes (Colubridae: Colubrinae) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 247-259 Evoluion; Phylogeny; Colubridae; Albumin; mtDNA Journal Article Lopez, Frank D. 1996 Marine turtles on coins and paper mney: A checklist Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 17-19 Journal Article Loredo, Ivette;Van Vuren, Dirk 1996 Reproductive ecology of a population of the California tiger salamander Copeia 1996 4 895-901 Ambystoma californiense; reproductive ecology Journal Article Loredo, Ivette;Van Vuren, Dirk;Morrison, Michael L. 1996 habitat use and migration behavior of the California tiger salamander Journal of Herpetology 30 2 282-285 Ambystoma californiense; habitat use; migration Journal Article Losos, Jonathan B. 1996 Dynamics of range expansion by three introduced species of Anolis lizards on Bermuda Journal of Herpetology 30 2 204-210 Anolis grahami; Anolis extremus; Anolis leachi; Bermuda Journal Article Losos, J. B.;Irschick, D. J. 1996 The effect of perch diameter on escape behaviour of Anolis lizards: Laboratory predictions and field tests Animal Behaviour 51 593-602 Anolis, anoles, tropics, islands, ecomorphology, habitat selection, perch, escape… Journal Article Lourenço, Wilson R.;Cuéllar, Orlando;Cruz, Fausto R. Méndez De La 1996 Variation of reproductive effort between parthenogenetic and sexual populations of the scorpion Tityus columbianus Journal of Biogeography 23 681-686 Geographic variation, brrod size, relative litter mass, partenogenesis, scoropions, Colombia, tropical ecology, biogeography Journal Article Love, Bill 1996 Baby box turtles, stained water, scenting mice Reptiles 4 3 68-69 Journal Article Love, Kathy 1996 A corn of a different color Reptiles 4 10 48-69 Elaphe guttata; Color variation Journal Article Love, Bill 1996 Western herp perspectives Reptilia 1 1 8-9 Journal Article Love, Bill 1996 Hypomelanistic cornsnakes, euthanizing prey animals Reptiles 4 1 54 Journal Article Love, Bill 1996 Leaf-tailed geckos, setting records, more about drinking methods Reptiles 4 2 8-10 Journal Article Love, N.E.;Douglass, J.P.;Lewbart, G.;Stoskopf, M. 1996 Radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of egg retention and peritonitis in two green iguanas (Iguana iguana) Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 37 1 68-73 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana,Iguana iguana, propagation, egg, retention, diagnosis, radiography, ultrasonography, peritonitis The radiographic technique and radiographic and sonographic findings in two green iguanas with egg retention and peritonitis are described. Neither radiography nor ultrasound provided for identification of free eggs within the coelomic structure secondary to presumed oviduct rupture. Gravidity and coelomic effusion were confirmed by both radiography and ultrasound. Radiography and ultrasound are valuable tools in the diagnosis of egg retention and peritonitis in the green iguana. NE Love, N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA Journal Article Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1996 Possible demographics and ecologic consequences of sex ratio manipulation in turtles Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 114-117 Conservation Journal Article Lovich, J.E.;Gotte, S.W.;Ernst, C.H.;Harshbarger, J.C.;Laemmerzahl, A.F.;Gibbons, J.W. 1996 Prevalence and histopathology of shell disease in turtles from Lake Blackshear, Georgia Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32 2 259-265 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, Trachemys scripta, Pseudemys concinna, pathology, shell disease, osteitis Turtles in Lake Blackshear, Crisp County, Georgia (USA) were evaluated for shell disease during intensive trapping efforts on 8 and 9 May 1990. The disease was most prevalent in Pseudemys concinna (74%) and Trachemys scripta (35%). The degree of necrosis on the carapace was significantly positively correlated with the degree of necrosis on the plastron in T. scripta (r(s) = 0.50), but not in P. concinna (r(s) = 0.06). Female T. scripta with lesions were significantly larger than females without lesions. Lesions were not detected on six other species of turtles. Some areas contained multinucleate osteoclasts that were destroying bone. No tumors were detected in soft tissue samples. JE Lovich/Natl Biol Serv/Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr/Palm Springs Field Stn/63500 Garnet Ave/POB 2000/N Palm Springs, CA 92258 USA Journal Article Lovich, Jeffrey E.;Gotte, Steve W.;Ernst, carl H.;Harshbarger, John C.;Laemmerzahl, Arndt F.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1996 Prevalence and histopathology of shell disease in turtles from Lake Blackshear, Georgia Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32 2 259-265 Journal Article Lovich, Jeffrey E.;Gotte, Steve W.;Ernst, Carl H.;Harshbarger, John;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1996 Prevalence and histopathlogy of shell disease in turtles from Lake Blackshear, Georgia Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32 2 259-265 turtle, trachemys scripta, pseudemys concinna, shell disease, osteomyelitis Journal Article Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1996 Possible demographic and ecologic consequences of sex ratio manipulation in turtles Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 114-117 Journal Article Lowe, Dave 1996 Notes on the captive husbandry of Python molurus bivittatus The Herptile 21 2 67-74 Python molurus bivittatus Journal Article Lowman, Rodney J. 1996 The captive maintenance and propagation of the red-footed & yellow-fotted tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria and Geochelone denticulata) Reptiles 4 12 48-63 Geochelone denticulata; Geochelone carbonaria Book Lötters, Stefan 1996 The Neotropical toad genus Atelopus: Checklist-Biology-Distribution Köln Vences & Glaw Verlags GbR 143 +16 plates Atelopus Journal Article Lötters, Stefan 1996 Ein Über die neotropische Krötengattung Atelopus Duméril & Bibron, 1841 (Bufonidae) - Taxonomie und Biologie Elaphe 4 2 62-67 Atelopus; Taxonomy; Biology Journal Article López del Castilla, Carlos 1996 Panzernekrosen bei Schildkröten Reptilia 1 1 64-67 Journal Article López del Castillo, Carlos 1996 La incubación artificial de huevos de reptiles Reptilia 2 8 15-16 Incubation Journal Article López del Castillo, Carlos 1996 Necrosis del caparzón en tortugas Reptilia 2 3 13-16 necrosis Journal Article Lucas, J. R.;Howard, R. D.;Palmer, J. G. 1996 Callers and satellites: chorus behaviour in anurans as a stochastic dynamic game Animal Behaviour 51 501-518 acoustic communication, Amphibia, Anura, behavior, models, satellite, sexual selection, Journal Article Lui, Wai 1996 Captive husbandry and breeding of the Malaysian cat geckos, Aeluroscalabotes felinus Reptilian 4 3 48-53 Aeluroscalabotes felinus Journal Article Luiselli, Luca;Angelici, Francesco M. 1996 The prey spectrum of terrestrial snakes in the Tolfa Mountains (Latium, Central Italy). A synthesis from earlier analyses Herpetozoa 9 3/4 111-119 Colubridae; Viperidae; Vipera aspis francisciredi; Hierophis viridiflavus viridiflavus; Elaphe longissima longissima; Elaphe q. quatrolineata; Coronella a. austriaca; Coronella girondica; Feeding ecology; Mediterranean area; Diet; Italy Journal Article Luiselli, Luca 1996 Food habits of an alpine population of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes) Journal of Herpetology 30 1 92-94 Vipera ammodytes; diet Journal Article Luiselli, Luca;Rugiero, Lorenzo 1996 Chamaeleo chamaeleon. Diet Herpetological Review 27 2 78-79 Journal Article Luiselli, L;Capula, M.;Shine, R. 1996 Reproductive output, costs of reproduction, and ecology of the smooth snake, Coronella austriaca, in the eastern Italian Alps Oecologia 106 100-110 Colubridae, temperate, long-term, mark-recapture, RCM Journal Article Lukina, Galina P.;Koneva, Vera A. 1996 Notes on the biology of the Caucasian Parsely Frog (Pelodytes caucasicus) in Krasnodar Region Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 109-116 Pelodytes caucasicus Journal Article Luschi, P.;Papi, F.;Liew, H.-C.;Chan, E.-H.;Bonadonna, F. 1996 Long-distance migration and homing after displacement in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas): a satellite tracking study Journal of Comparative Physiology A 178 447-452 green; migration Book Section Lutcavage, M.;P. Plotkin, B. Witherington, P.L. Lutz 1996 Human impacts on sea turtle survival P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 387-409 Book Section Lutcavage, M.;Plotkin, P.;Witherington, B.;Lutz, P.L. 1996 Human impacts on sea turtle survival Lutz, P.L. and Musick, J.A. The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 387-409 accidental capture; diving; physiology Journal Article Lutterschmidt, William I.;Schaeffer, Jacob F. 1996 Mist netting: adapting a technique from ornithology for sampling semi-aquatic snake populations Herpetological Review 27 3 131-132 Sampling technique Journal Article Lutterschmidt, William I.;Marvin, Glenn A.;Hutchison, Victor H. 1996 Rana catesbeiana. Record size Herpetological Review 27 2 74-75 Journal Article Lutterschmidt, William L.;Nydam, Randall L.;Greene, Harry W. 1996 County record for the woodland vole, Microtus pinetorum (Rodentia: Muridae), Le Flore County, OK, with natural history notes on a predatory snake Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 76 93-94 agkistrodon piscivorus Journal Article Lutterschmidt, William I.;Taylor, Christopher M. 1996 The herpetofauna and ichthyofauna of the Cucumber Creek watershed in the Ouchita Mountains, LeFlore County, Oklahoma Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 76 43-47 Journal Article Lutterschmidt, W. I.;Marvin, G. A.;Hutchison, V. H. 1996 Rana catesbeiana, Record Size Herpetological Review 27 74-75 Rana catesbeiana, bullfrog, record size Journal Article Lutterschmidt, William I.;Nydam, Randall L.;Greene, Harry W. 1996 County record for the woodland vole, Microtus pinetorum (Rodentia: Muridae), LeFlore County, OK, with natural history notes on a predatory snake Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 76 93-94 93-94 Journal Article Lutz, Bill 1996 Care and rearing of red-eyed tree frogs Iowa Herpetological Society News 19 1 8-9 Agalychnis callidryas Book Lutz, P.L.;(eds.), J.A. Musick 1996 The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press Book Section Lutz, P.L. 1996 Salt, water, and pH balance in sea turtles P.L. Lutz, J.A. Musick The Biology of Sea Turtles Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 343-362 Journal Article Lüddecke, Horst 1996 Site fidelity and homing ability in Hyla labialis (Anura, Hylidae) Alytes 13 4 167-178 Site fidility; Homing; Hyla labialis Journal Article Lyapkov, Sergei M. 1996 The influence of predators on Brown Frogs during and after metamorphosis Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 149-159 Rana arvalis Journal Article Lyapkov, S.M. 1996 Growth characters of young-of-the-year in Rana temporaria and Rana arvalis Zoologichesky Zhurnal 75 8 1220-1233 Amphibia, anura, brown frog, Rana arvalis, growth, metamorphosis The influence of the brown frog size at the end of metamorphosis, the time of going out to the land and density of young-of-the-year were studied in the long-term experiment on fenced plots adjacent to two ponds. The growth rate of the Rana temporaria emerging from any pond correlated negatively with its size at metamorphosis. The same relation was revealed among the groups of young-of-the-year emerging from different ponds, which sufficiently differed in the average size at metamorphosis. As a result, there was partial compensation of the small size at metamorphosis. In growing on the land some individuals reached the size of those with larger size at metamorphosis if both groups were similar in dates of metamorphosis. Among the individuals emerged ealier, every year the largest ones had the maximum advantage in terminal size (late in summer). The growth rate of Rana arvalis young-of-the-year, in contrast to R. temporaria, was not affected by size at metamorphosis and compensation of small initial size was absent. In both species increasing the density of young-of-the-year emerged from the same pond (or numbers of the whole generation) the larger individuals and early emerged individuals lost their selective anvantage. SM Lyapkov,Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ,Moscow 119899, Russia Journal Article Lyman-Henley, Lani 1996 Book Review: Snakes of the United States and Canada: Keeping them Healthy in Captivity: Volume 2 Western Area Herpetological Review 27 2 99-101 Book Review Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1996 New frog (Eleutherodactylus: Leptodactylidae) from the Andes of eastern Colombia, part of a remarkable pattern of didtribution Copeia 1996 1 103-108 Eleutherodactylus douglasi n. sp.; Colombia Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1996 Replacement names for three homonyms in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 2 278-280 Eleutherodactylus; taxonomy Journal Article Lynch, John D.;Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M. 1996 A remarkable new centrolenid frog from Colombia with a review of nuptial excrescences in the family Herpetologica 52 4 525-535 Cochranella armata sp. nov.; Centrolenidae; nuptial pads; new species Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1996 Replacement names for three homonyms in the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodacylidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 278-280 Journal Article Lynch, John D.;Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M. 1996 New sister-species of Eleutherodactylus from the Cordillera Occidental of Southwestern Colombia (Amphibia: Salientia: Leptodacylidae) Revista De La Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 20 347-363 cloudforest habitats Journal Article Lynch, John D.;Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M.;Ardila-Robayo, Maria Cristina 1996 Three new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Leptodacylidae) from high elevations of the Cordillera Central of Columbia Zoología 18 329-342 Paramo Journal Article Lynch, John D.;Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M. 1996 A remarkable new centrolenid frog from Colombia wiht a review of nuptial excrescences in the family Heretologica 52 525-535 Cochranella armata, nuptial pads Book Section Lynch, John D. 1996 The relationships of the Hispaniolan frogs of the subgenus Pelorius (Eleutherodactylus: Liptodactylidae) Henderson, R. Powell and R.W. Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz Ithaca, NY Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles 12 141-155 crania, ruthae, inoptatus Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1996 New frogs fo the genus Eleutherodactylus (family Leptodactylidae) from the San Antonio region fo the Colombian Cordillera Occidental Revista De La Academia Colombiana de Ceincia Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales 20 331-345 Journal Article Lynch, John D. 1996 New frog (Eleutherodactylus: Leptodactylidae) from the Andes of Eastern Colombia, part of a remarkable pattern of distribution Copeia 1 103-108 new species, frog, Eleutherodactylus, Leptodactylidae, Andes, Colombia, distribution Journal Article MacCulloch, Ross D.;Upton, Darlene E.;Murphy, Robert W. 1996 Trends in nuclear DNA content among amphibians and reptiles Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 113B 3 601-605 Journal Article Mackessy, Stephen P.;Hobert, Justin;Donoho, Ron;Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sistrurus catenatus Herpetological Review 27 1 36 Journal Article Mackessy, Stephen P.;Donoho, Ron;Hobert, Justin;Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pseudacris triseriata maculata Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Macredie, Grant 1996 Blue and orange geckos of North Island, and a modified habitat for Naultinus Dactylus 3 1 15-17 Naultinus Journal Article Macredie, Grant 1996 Stories of the giant Kaweau Dactylus 3 1 13-15 Hoplodactylus delcourti Journal Article Mader, Douglas 1996 Blind savannah monitor, Proper diagnosis Reptiles 4 3 96-99 Journal Article Mader, Douglas R. 1996 Inclusion body disease virus Reptiles 4 11 8-9 Inclusion body disease Journal Article Mader, Douglas 1996 Book Review: What's Wrong With My Snake Reptiles 4 12 20 Book review Journal Article Mader, Douglas 1996 Star gazer's disease, herp vets, grieving over the loss of a pet Reptiles 4 1 88-91 Journal Article Mader, Douglas 1996 Dehydrated reptiles, mixing species Reptiles 4 2 88-89 Edited Book Mader, Douglas R. 1996 Reptile Medicine and Surgery Philadelphia W.B. Saunders xx, 512, 4 plates Journal Article Mader, D.R. 1996 Reproductive surgery in the green iguana Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 5 4 214-221 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, pathology, therapy, surgery Journal Article Madsen, Thomas;Shine, Richard 1996 Determinants of reproductive output in female water pythons (Liasis fuscus: Pythonidae) Herpetologica 52 2 146-159 Allometry; fecundity; path analysis; python; Liasis fuscus; reproduction; snake; tropics Journal Article Madsen, T.Shine, R. 1996 Determinants of reproductive output in female water pythons (Liasis fuscus: Pythonidae) Herpetologica 52 2 146-159 Reptilia, serpentes, water python, Liasis fuscus:, propagation, reproduction, allometry, fecundity Female water pythons from a population in tropical Australia were captured shortly before oviposition and their eggs were incubated under constant conditions. We obtained data on 1605 eggs and 1285 hatchlings from 111 females to evaluate factors influencing reproductive output. Most reproductive traits varied only slightly between the 2 yr of the study. Successive clutches by the same female were consistent in mean egg and offspring sizes, hatching success, and oviposition date. Whether or not an adult-size female python reproduced in a given year was a function of her body size and her condition. The proportion of reproductive animals was highest at intermediate body sizes, apparently because the largest females could not gather enough energy for reproduction as well as maintenance costs. Clutch sizes and egg sizes were directly affected by maternal body length and maternal condition, but these effects were obscured by a strong indirect effect: a tradeoff between egg size and clutch size. Date of hatching depended primarily on date of oviposition (which in turn differed among subpopulations within our study area, apparently due to thermal factors), but incubation periods also differed between years. Maternal body condition after oviposition was influenced by pre-oviposition rendition and relative clutch mass. Path analysis revealed a series of strong effects, both direct and indirect, in the relationships among reproductive variables. T Madsen/Univ Sydney/Sch Biol Sci A08/Sydney/NSW 2006, Australia Journal Article Madsen, M. 1996 Prevalence and serovar distribution of Salmonella in fresh and frozen meat from captive Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) Internat. J. Food Microbiol. 29 1 111-118 CNL, disease, Salmonella was isolated from 6 of 20 (30.0%) samples of fresh meat, and from 28 of 140 (20.0%) samples of frozen meat processed for human consumption from captive Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe. Salmonella enterica isolates showed a serovar distribution of 41.2% (14/34) subsp. enterica, 11.8% (4/34) subsp. salamae and 41.2% (14/34) subsp. diarizonae. Analyses of fresh meat samples yielded Aeromonas (A. hydrophila) in 18 of 20 samples (90%), and a mean aerobic plate count (APC, 30 degrees C) of 5.79 cfu/g, a mean coliform count (TC, 37 degrees C) of 5.08 cfu/g and a mean faecal coliform count FC, 44 degrees C) of 4.76 cfu/g. It is suggested that the presence of Salmonella in meat samples may be due to skin surface contamination originating from faecally polluted rearing water ponds combined with excessive handling procedures during flaying. The common presence of Salmonella, including serovars of proven pathogenic potential, in crocodile meat offered for human consumption should concern consumers and public health authorities, as well as staff employed at crocodile farms. Journal Article Madsen, T.;Stille, B.;Shine, R. 1996 Inbreeding depression in an isolated population of adders, Vipera berus Biological Conservation 75 113-118 Journal Article Madsen, Thomas;Shine, Richard 1996 Seasonal migration of predators and prey-a study of pythons and rats in tropical Australia Ecology 77 *149-156 foraging,home range, predator-prey, seasonality, weather Journal Article Maglia, Anne M. 1996 Ontogeny and feeding ecology of red-backed salamander, Plethododn cinereus Copeia 1996 3 576-586 Plethodon cinereus; ontogeny; feeding ecology Journal Article Maglia, A. M. 1996 Ontogeny and feeding ecology of the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus Copeia 1996 576-586 Plethodontidae, foraging, diet, North America, temperate zone Journal Article Magnusson, William E. 1996 Tail and hand waves: a come on for predators? Herpetological Review 27 2 60 Journal Article Magnusson, W. 1996 A modest proposal Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 2-3 Journal Article Magnusson, William E. 1996 Safe options for the management of crocodiles Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 3-5 Population models Journal Article Magnusson, William E. 1996 Nesticurus bicarinatus (NCN). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 1 21 Nesticurus bicarinatus (NCN). Reproduction Journal Article Mahmoud, I.Y.;Vliet, K.;Guillette, L.J.;Plude, J.L. 1996 Effect of stress and ACTH(1-24) on hormonal levels in male alligators, Alligator mississippiensis Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 115 1 57-62 AM, stress, biochemistry, The effect of stress and the synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH(1-24)) on plasma cortisol (F), corticosterone (B), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) were investigated in farm reared subadult male alligators (30 50 kg body wt) during the breeding season (June). In experiment 1, blood was sampled immediately after capture of alligators. Alligators were then treated with a single dose of either ACTH(1-24) (0.25 mg/animal/experimental) or a saline control. Additional blood samples were obtained at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 6 hr postinjection. After sampling, the alligators were released and recaptured just prior to each bleeding time. Alligators injected with ACTH(1-24) showed significant increase in plasma F and B levels over the saline injected group at 1 and 6 hr postinjection. Plasma P and T levels showed no significant difference between ACTH(1-24) and saline injected group throughout the sampling period. In experiment 2, alligators were treated with dexamethasone (10 mg/animal), restrained for 3 hr and subsequently injected with ACTH(1-24) as in experiment 1. This group also demonstrated a significant increase in plasma F and B levels in ACTH(1-24) injected alligators over the saline injected group only at 7.5 hr postinjection and as in experiment 1, P and T levels showed no significant difference. In experiment 1 and 2, capture stress alone induced significant: rises in plasma F and B concentrations in both the saline and ACTH(1-24) groups. Progesterone levels in both experiments remained unaffected and Plasma T levels decreased significantly following stress. It appears that ACTH(1-24) stimulated further F and B secretion in the alligators but had no effect on P or T levels. There was no significant difference between alligators treated with ACTH or ACTH and dexamethasone which indicates that dexamethasone was not effective in inhibiting endogenous ACTH secretion. Like other reptiles, capture and serial bleedings induced a significant rise in corticosteroids during the period of stress. Journal Article Mahrdt, Clark R.;Banta, Benjamin H. 1996 Chionactis occipitalis annulata. Predation and diurnal activity Herpetological Review 27 2 81 Journal Article Mahrt, Laura A. 1996 Urosaurus ornatus (Tree lizard). Autohemorrhaging Herpetological Review 27 1 21-22 Urosaurus ornatus; Autohemorrhaging Book Maisey, John G.;Gaffney, Eugene S.;Norell, Mark A.;Posen, Melissa;Dingus, Lowell 1996 The Hall of Vertebrate Origins: A Guide to Fishes, Amphibians, Turtles, Lizards, Crocodiles, and Pterosaurs New York American Museum of Natural History iv + 92 Journal Article Maity, C. R.;Bhattacharjee, B.;Bandyopadhyaya, B. K.;Sahu, J. K. 1996 A light and scanning electron microscopic study on the brain of albino rats administered with viper and cobra venoms The Snake 27 2 99-105 Journal Article Majecki, J.;Majecka., K. 1996 Predation by Oligotricha striata caddis larvae on amphibian eggs: effects of a high quality food on growth rate Netherlands J. Aquat. Ecol. 30 21-25 Journal Article Malfatti, Mark 1996 Natural history and captive husbandry of the foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii: a short review Vivarium 7 4 28-31 Rana boylii Journal Article Malfatti, Mark 1996 Northern exposure Iguana Times 5 2 33-34 Cyclura Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 Untersuchungen zum Aktivitätsrhythmus von Staurois tuberilinguis Boulenger, 1918 am Mt. Kinabalu Sauria 18 4 11-16 Amphibia; Anura; Ranidae; Staurois tuberilinguis; Circadian actvity; Activity patterns; Asia; Borneo; Mt. Kinabalu Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf;Riede, Klaus 1996 Zur Bioakustik von Megophrys baluensis (Boulenger, 1899) und Kalophrynus baluensis Kiew, 1984, zweier seltener Froscharten aus Borneo (Anura: Pelobatidae, Microhylidae). [Bioacoustic data on Megophrys baluensis (Boulenger, 1899) and Kalophrynus baluensis Kiew, 1984, two rare frog species from Borneo (Anura: Pelobatidae, Microhylidae)] Herpetozoa 9 3/4 151-155 Megophryns baluensis; Kalophrynus baluensis; Ethology; Bioacoustics; Advertisement call; Call organization; Call activity; Borneo Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 Zur nörlichen Verbreitungsgrenze von Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) und Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758) in Portugal (Testudines: Emydidae; Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae). [On the northern distribution limits of Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger, 1812) and Tarentola mauritanica (Linnaeus, 1758) in Portugal (Testudines: Emydidae; Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae)] Herpetozoa 9 3/4 161-165 Mauremys leprosa; Tarentola mauritanica; New records; Norther distribution; Distribution; Portugal Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 Kapuzenatter Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1827) verschlingt Netzwühle Blanus cinereus (Vandelli, 1797). [False smooth snake, Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire) preys upon Mediterranean worm lizard Blanus cinereus (Vandelli, 1797)] Sauria 18 3 31-34 Serpentes; Colubridae; Macroprotodon cucullatus; predation; diet; Sauria; Amphisbaenidae; Blanus cinereus; Portugal Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf;Riede, Klaus 1996 Die baumfrösche der gattung Philautus vom Mount Kinabalu - Teil II: Die vermiculatus-gruppe mit beschreibung einer neuen Unterart (Philautus aurantium gunungensis n. ssp.) und die hosei-gruppe Sauria 18 2 21-28 Amphibia; Anura; Rhacophoridae; Philautus aurantium gunungensis ssp. n.; new subspecies; Philautus; taxonomy; Borneo; morphology; bioacoustics; ecology; Mt. Kinabalu Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 Abwehrverhalten der Kapuzennatter Macroprotodon cucullatus (Geoffroy, 1827) (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) [Defence behavior in the false smooth snake Macroprotodon cucullatus (geoffroy, 1827) (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae)] Herpetozoa 9 1/2 87-89 Macroprotodon cucullatus; Defensive behavior; Aggressive behavior Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 Neue Daten zur Verbreitung von Hemidactylus turcicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Portugal (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) Herpetozoa 9 1/2 83-85 Hemidactylus turcicus; Portugal; new records Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf;Sauer, Horst 1996 Ruhestellung von Pareas nuchalis und Erstnachweis dieser Art im Nationalpark Mount Kinabalu/Malaysia [Resting position of Pareas nuchalis and first record of the species on Mount Kinabalu] Salamandra 32 1 55-58 Serpentes; Colubridae; Pareas nuchalis; Mount Kinabalu; hiding place; resting position Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 Blanus cinereus (Vandelli, 1797) frißt Schneckeneier (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) [Blanus cinereus (Vandelli, 1797) eats snail eggs (Squamat amphisbaenidae)] Herpetozoa 8 3/4 167-168 Blanus cinereus; diet Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf;Reide, Klaus 1996 Die Baumfrösche der Gattung Philautus vom Mount Kinabalu - Teil I: Überblick und die aurifasciatus-gruppe mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Philautus saueri n. sp.) [The tree frogs of the genus Philautus from Mount Kinabalu - Part I: Overview and the aurifasciatus group with description of a new species (Philautus saueri sp.n.)] Sauria 18 1 27-37 Amphibia; Anura; Rhacophoridae; Philautus saueri sp. nov.; Philautus amoenus;taxonomy; Morphology; new species; bioacutics; ecology; Borneo; Mt. Kinabalu Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 Die herpetofauna der Überschwemmungstümpel des unteren Rio Guadiana (Portugal) [The herpetofauna of the inundation ponds of the lower Rio Guadiana (Portugal)] Herpetozoa 8 3/4 145-154 Herpetofauna; inundation ponds; Rio Guadiana; Portugal; ecology of tadpoles; Pelobates cultripes; Hyla meridionalis; Alytes cisternasii; Rana perezi; Salamandra salamandra; Mauremys leprosa; Natrix maura Journal Article Malkmus, Rudolf 1996 (1997) Die "gestreifte" form der Vipernatter (Natrix maura aus Portugal [The "striped" form of the viperine grass snake (natrix maura) from Portugal] Salamandra 32 4 285-286 Natrix maura; Portugal Journal Article Mamet, Sergei;Kudryavtsev, Sergei 1996 Breeding Latifi's Viper (Vipera latifii) at Moscow Zoo The Snake 27 2 147-148 Journal Article Manley, Geoffrey A.;Gallo, Lothar;Köppl, Christine 1996 Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in two gecko species, gekko gecko and Eublepharis macularius Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99 3 1588-1603 Journal Article Manning, B.;Kofron, C.P. 1996 Evolution and zoogeography of Australian freshwater turtles Memoirs of the QLD museum 39 2 319-331 Zoogeography, turtles Journal Article Manteifel, Yurii B.;Zhushev, Alexander V. 1996 Avoidance of predator chemical cues by tadpoles of four East European anuran species (Bufo bufo, Rana arvalis, R. lessonae, and R. temporaria) Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 161-180 Book Manthey, Ulrich;Schuster, Norbert 1996 Agamid Lizards Neptune City, NJ TFH 189 Journal Article Manzanilla, Jesus;Rivero, Ramon;Schmid, Michael 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eleutherodactylus maussi Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article Mara, William P. 1996 Talking with history: A conversation with Roger Conant Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 40-44 Galapagos Islands Journal Article Mara, W. P. 1996 Captive maintenance of the bull: keeping & breeding the bullsnake Pituophis sayi Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 24-30 Pituophis melanoleucus Journal Article Mara, W. P. 1996 North American sand snakes Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 34-38 Chilomeniscus Journal Article Mara, W. P. 1996 The green treefrog, Hyla cinerea Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 38-42 Hyla cincerea Book Mara, W. P. 1996 Map Turtles and Diamonback Terrapins Neptune, NJ TFH 64 Journal Article Maragou, P.;Valakos, E.D.;Giannopoulos, Z.;Stavropoulou, A.;Chondropoulos, B. 1996 Spring aspect of feeding ecology in Podarcis peloponnesiaca (Bibron & Bory, 1833) (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae) Herpetozoa 9 3/4 105-110 Podarcis peloponnesiaca; Feeding ecology; Diet; Prey availability; Behavior; Greece Journal Article Marca, Enrique La 1996 Geographic Distribution. Centrolene buckleyi Herpetological Review 27 3 148-149 Journal Article Marca, Enrique La 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phyllomedusa tarsius Herpetological Review 27 3 149 Journal Article Marchesani, Fabrizio 1996 Il terrario nell'obiettivo 2 parte ReptiMagazine 2 1 30-33 Journal Article Marchesani, Fabrizio 1996 Il terrario nell'obiettivo ReptiMagazine 2 2 34-35 Journal Article Marchesani, Fabrizio 1996 L'obiettivo nel terrario ReptiMagazine 2 3 29-31 Journal Article Marchioni, Vittorio 1996 I boa ReptiMagazine 2 3 14-16 Journal Article Marchioni, Vittorio 1996 I Lampropeltis - parte 3 ReptiMagazine 2 2 30-31 Lampropeltis Journal Article Marchioni, Vittorio 1996 I Lampropeltis parte 4. Deposizione e incubazione delle uova ReptiMagazine 2 3 32-33 Lampropeltis Journal Article Marchioni, Vittorio 1996 I Lampropeltis 2 parte ReptiMagazine 2 1 28-29 Journal Article Marcovaldi, Maria Angela;Laurent, Antônio 1996 A six season study of marine turtle nesting at Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil, with implications for conservation and management Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 55-59 Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Caretta caretta; Eretmochelys imbricata; sea turtle; nesting; hatch success; conservation; Brazil Journal Article Maret, T. J.;Collins., J. P. 1996 Effect of prey vulnerability on population size structure of a gape-limited predator Ecology 77 320-324 Journal Article Marks, Steve 1996 Alligator adventures Ontario Herpetological Society News 1996 61 18-19 Journal Article Marques, Otavio A. V. 1996 Reproduction, seasonal activity and growth of the coral snake, Micrurus corallinus (Elapidae), in the southeastern Atlantic forest in Brazil Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 277-285 Micrurus corallinus; Brazil; Reproduction; Seasonal activity; Growth Journal Article Marques, Otavio A. V. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Imantodes cenchoa Herpetological Review 27 1 34 Journal Article Marques, Otavio A. V. 1996 Sordellina punctata (NCN). Diet Herpetological Review 27 3 147 Journal Article Marques, Otavio A. V.;Puorto, Giuseppe 1996 Geographic Distribution. Chironius laevicollis Herpetological Review 27 4 212 Journal Article Marquez-M., René;Byles, Richard A.;Burhcfield, Patrick;Sanchez-P., Manuel;Diaz-F., Juan;Carrasco-A., Miguel A.;Leo-P., Alma S.;Jimenez-O., Ma. Carmen 1996 Good news! Raising numbers of Kemp's ridleys nest at Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, México Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 2-5 Lepidochelys kempi Journal Article Marquez-M., René;Peñaflores, Cuauhtemoc;Vasconcelos, Javier 1996 Olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) show signs of recovery at La Escobilla, Oxaca Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 5-7 Lepidochelys olivacea Journal Article Marshall, Jeremy L. 1996 Eurycea cirrigera. Nest site Herpetological Review 27 2 75-76 Journal Article Martin, E. Bradley;Phipps, M. 1996 Crocodile trade from Cambodia Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 10-11 Crocodilians; Trade; Cambodia Journal Article Martin, W. H. 1996 Crotalus horridus (Timber rattlesnake). Reproductive phenology Herpetological Review 27 3 144-145 Journal Article Martin, R. Erik 1996 Storm impacts on loggerhead turtle reproductive success Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 10-12 Caretta caretta Journal Article Martin, J.;Lopez, P. 1996 Avian predation on a large lizard (Lacerta lepida) found at low population densities in Mediterranean habitats: An analysis of bird diets Copeia 3 722-726 Reptilia, sauria, lizard, Lacerta lepida, population, predation, food niche, bird J Martin, Csic, Museo NaCl Ciencias Nat, Dept Ecol Evolut, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain Journal Article Martinage, Arlette;Depeiges, Annie;Wouters, Danièle;Morel, Laurent;Sautière, Pierre 1996 Spermatogenesis of the lizard Lacerta vivipara: histological studies and amino acid sequence of a protamine lacertine 1 C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la vie 319 511-516 Journal Article Martinez-Silvestre, A.;Marco, A.;Mateu, E. 1996 Pseudomonas fluorescens septicaemia in a green iguana European Journal of Companion Animal Practice 6 1 19-21 Retilia, sauria, Iguana iguana, infection, bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens Journal Article Martín, Jose;López, Pilar 1996 Avian predation on a large lizard (Lacerta lepida) found at low population densities in Mediterranean habitats: an analysis of bird diets Copeia 1996 3 722-726 Predation; Lacerta lepida Journal Article Martínez, Albert 1996 El declive de las tortugas marinas Reptilia 1 3 43-45 Journal Article Martínez-Nadal, José Miguel 1996 Chelydra serpentina Reptilia 2 4 53-55 Chelydra serpentina Journal Article Martínez-Silvestre, A. 1996 Patologia de anfibios [Diseases of amphibians] Reptilia 2 4 9-13 Journal Article Martuscelli, Paulo;Olmos, Fabio 1996 Tupinambis teguixin (Common tegu). Foraging Herpetological Review 27 1 21 Tupinambis teguixin; Foraging Journal Article Marven, Nigel 1996 Incredible journeys The Rephiberary 229 2-4 Journal Article Marvin, Glenn A. 1996 Life history and population characteristics of the salamander Plethodon kentucki with a review of Pletodon life histories American Midland Naturalist 136 385 - 400 Plethodon, salamander, population Journal Article Marvin, G. A.;Hutchison, V. H. 1996 Courtship behavior of the Cumberland Plateau Woodland Salamander, Plethodon kentucki (Amphibia: Plethodontidae), with a review of courtship in the genus Plethodon Ethology 102 285-303 courtship behavior, salamander, Plethodon kentucki, Amphibia, Plethodontidae, Plethodon Journal Article Marvin, G. A. 1996 Life history and population characteristics of the salamander Plethodon kentucki with a review of Plethodon life histories American Midland Naturalist 136 385-400 Journal Article Marvin, Glenn A.;Hutchison, Victor H. 1996 Courtship behavior of the Cumberland Plateau Woodland Salamander, Plethodon kentucki (Amphibia: Plethodontidae), with a review of courship in the genus Plethodon Ethology 102 285-303 Journal Article Maryan, Brad 1996 The Dugite or spotted brown snake Pseudonaja affinis Herpetofauna 26 2 22-34 Pseudonaja affinis; morphology; color; distribution; habitat; size; growth; longevity; reproduction; prey; diet Journal Article Maryan, Brad 1996 Herpetofauna of Dirk Hartog Island Bay Area, Western Australia Herpetofauna 26 1 8-11 herpetofauna; checklist Journal Article Mason, M. C.;Alexander, G. J. 1996 Oviposition site selection in Tetradactylus africanus africanus: A relationship with the ant Anochetus faurei Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 1 31-37 Tetradactylus africanus; Oviposition site; Symbiosis Journal Article Masurat, Günter 1996 Buchbesprechung: Chamäleons - bunte Welt der Natur Sauria 18 1 15-16 Book Review Journal Article Masurat, G. 1996 Ein Madagassisches Chamäleon: Vorkmmen und Erfahrungen bei der Haltung und Vermehrung von Furcifer campani TI Magazin 131 41-44 Furcifer campani Journal Article Masurat, Irene;Masurat, Günther 1996 Nachzuchtergebnisse bei Chamaeleo jacksonii Boulenger, 1896 (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) über 15 Jahre [Fifteen years of captive breeding of Chamaeleon jacksonii Boulenger, 1896 (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae)] Salamandra 32 1 1-12 Chamaeleo jacksonii; capive breeding; Reptilia; Sauria; Chamaeleonidae; husbandry; clutch size; clutch number Journal Article Mateo, J.A.;Lopezjurado, L.F.;Guillaume, C.P. 1996 Proteic and morphological variations in ocellated lizards (Lacertidae): A complex of species across the Strait of Gibraltar Comptes Rendus de L Academie Des Sciences Serie III - Sciences de La Vie - Life Sciences 319 8 737-746 Reptilia, sauria, Lacertidae, Lacerta lepida, pater,tangitana, Iberian peninsula, electrophoresis, systematics We have studied protein and morphological variation patterns in lizard belonging to several European and African populations of the ocellated lizard complex, a group of species distributed in the western Mediterranean region. European ocellated lizard (Lacerta lepida ssp. lepida, iberica, nevadensis) are highly, variable in body shape, folidosis, colour and dentition characteristics along the large latitudinal range of their distribution area, but relatively homogeneous for electrophoretic characteristics African ocellated lizard hardly present any variation in folidotic characteristics along their distribution area - a narrow strip between the Mediterranean sea and the Sahara desert cut into 2 isolated halves by the extremely arid valley of the Moulouya -, but electrophoretic results reveal important differences between Algero-Tunisian (Lacerta pater) and Moroccan (Lacerta tangitana [new combination]) populations. These differences are as large as those existing between Moroccan and European populations, two well differentiated species. This pattern of distribution, with differentiated species in the Iberian peninsula Moroccan mountains and Algero-Tunisian Tell mountains, is also common in other species complexes and suggests the presence of an important geographic barrier between eastern and western Maghreb at the same time as the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar. CP Guillaume ,Csic ,Estac Biol Donana ,Apartado 1056 ,E-41080 Seville, Spain Journal Article Mathies, T.;Andrews., R. M. 1996 Extended egg retention and its influence on embryonic development and egg water balance: implications for the evolution of viviparity Physiological Zoology 69 1021-1035 Journal Article Matsui, Masafumi;Chan-Ard, Tanya;Nabhitabhata, Jarujin 1996 Distinct specific status of Kalophrynus pleurostigma interlineatus (Anura, Microhylidae) Copeia 1996 2 440-445 Kalophrynus pleurostigma interlineatus; Kalophrynus interlineatus n. comb.; Taxonomy Journal Article Matsui, Masafumi 1996 Call characteristics and systematic relationships of a Malayan treefrog Nyctixalus pictus (Anura, Rhacophoridae) Herpetological Journal 6 2 62-64 Nyctixalus pictus; Advertisement call Journal Article Matsui, Masafumi;Yong, Hoi-Sen;Araya, Kunio;Hamid, Abang Abidul 1996 Acoustic characteristics and systematic relationships of arboreal microhylid frogs of the genus Metaphrynella from Malaysia Journal of Herpetology 30 3 424-427 Metaphrynella; Malaysia; Advertisement call; Systematics Book Matsui, Masafumi 1996 [Natural History of the Amphibia] Tokyo University of Tokyo Press vi + 302 Journal Article Matthes, Ernst ca. 1934 Bau und funktion der lippensäume wasserlebender Urodelen Z. f. Morphol. u. Ökol. d. Tiere 28 155-169 Journal Article Matthews, Michael 1996 Rearing the inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 14 2 2 Journal Article Matthews, Michael 1996 Undertaking a new venture The Forked Tongue 21 11 2 Journal Article Matthews, H. R.;Fain, G. L.;Cornwall, M. C. 1996 Role of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in the bleaching adaptation of salamander cone photoreceptors J Physiol (Lond) 490 Pt 2 293-303 Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology; Ambystoma/*metabolism; Animal; Calcium/*metabolism; Cones (Retina)/*metabolism; Cytoplasm/*metabolism; Dark Adaptation/physiology; Darkness; Electrophysiology/methods; Kinetics; Light; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology 1. In order to study the possible involvement of Ca2+ in the bleaching adaptation of cones isolated from the retina of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum, changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i were opposed by exposing the outer segment to a low-Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution designed to minimize Ca2+ fluxes across the outer segment membrane. 2. When a cone was exposed in normal Ringer solution to bright light bleaching a significant fraction of the photopigment, the circulating current was initially suppressed completely and then recovered to a maintained value less than the value in darkness before the bleach. When the outer segment of the cone was stepped to low- Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution before the bleach was delivered, the circulating current recovered more slowly or (for large bleaches) remained completely suppressed for the duration of the solution exposure. 3. If, during the period for which the current was suppressed in low-Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution, the cone outer segment was exposed to the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), the circulating current was restored. The dim flash response recorded under these conditions exhibited kinetics and integration times similar to those recorded in low-Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution in darkness before the bleach. If, instead, the outer segment was returned to Ringer solution after the bleach, thereby allowing [Ca2+]i to fall from its dark- adapted level to the appropriate bleach-adapted level, the kinetics of the response in low-Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution were greatly accelerated, and the integration time considerably reduced. This was true regardless of whether or not the low-Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution included IBMX. 4. The role of Ca2+ in bleaching adaptation appeared to resemble its role in background adaptation, since in both cases exposure to low-Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution suppressed the acceleration of response kinetics. Responses recorded from cones in low-Ca(2+)-O Na+ solution were nearly identical in waveform and sensitivity during background light or after bleaches, provided that IBMX was used to restore sufficient photocurrent so that responses to flashes could be recorded, and sensitivity was corrected for loss in quantum catch. 5. These results indicate that the fall in [Ca2+]i in cones after a bleach is necessary both for the acceleration of the flash response and the adaptational decrease in sensitivity, as is the case for adaptation by background light. Journal Article Matthews, H. R.;Cornwall, M. C.;Fain, G. L. 1996 Persistent activation of transducin by bleached rhodopsin in salamander rods J Gen Physiol 108 6 557-63 Adaptation, Ocular/*physiology; Ambystoma/*physiology; Animal; Dark Adaptation/physiology; Electrophysiology; G-Proteins/physiology; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology; Photic Stimulation; Rhodopsin/*physiology; Rods (Retina)/drug effects/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors; Transducin/*physiology; 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology The hydrolysis-resistant GTP analogue GTP-gamma-S was introduced into rods isolated from the retina of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum to study the origin of the persistent excitation induced by intense bleaching illumination. Dialysis of a dark-adapted rod with a whole- cell patch pipette containing 2 mM GTP-gamma-S resulted in a gradual decrease in circulating current. If the rod was first bleached and its sensitivity allowed to stabilize for at least 30 min, then dialysis with GTP-gamma-S produced a much faster current decay. The circulating current could be restored by superfusion with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, suggesting that the decay in current originated from persistent excitation of the phosphodiesterase by transducin bound to GTP-gamma-S. We conclude that the persistent excitation which follows bleaching is likely to involve the GTP-binding protein transducin, which mediates the normal photoresponse. This observation suggests that a form of rhodopsin which persists long after bleaching can activate transducin much as does photoisomerized rhodopsin, although with considerably lower gain. Journal Article Mattison, Chris 1996 Herpetokongressi 1 Helsinki The Herptile 21 3 125-126 Journal Article Mattison, Chris 1996 Reptiles and amphibians of Baja California Rephiberary 225 2-5 Book Section Mattison, Chris 1996 Liskot, valo ja D-vitamiini Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 32-34 Journal Article Mattison, Chris 1996 Saving the Milos viper Reptiles 4 9 92-101 Macrovipera schweizeri Journal Article Mattison, Chris 1996 Rosy boas Reptilian 4 4 36-39 Lichanura trivirgata Book Section Mattison, Chris 1996 Lizards, light and vitamin D Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 29-31 Book Section Mattison, Chris 1996 Tarhakäärmeiden ja pieten boakäärmeiden hoito ja kasvatus Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 7-9 Book Section Mattison, Chris 1996 The care and breeding of colubrids and small boids Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 4-6 Book Mattison, Chris 1996 Rattler! A Natural History of Rattlesnakes London Blandford 144 Crotalus; Sistrurus Journal Article Maturbongs, Johnny A. 1996 Sea turtles at Inggresau Beach, Irian jaya Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 13-14 Journal Article Maurer, E. F. 1996 Environmental variation and behaviour: resource availability during ontogeny and feeding performance in salamander larvae (Ambystoma texanum) Freshwater BIOLOGY 35 1 35-43 Journal Article Maurer, E. F.;Sih, A. 1996 Ephemeral habitats and variation in behavior and life history: comparisons of sibling salamander species Oikos 76 2 337-349 Journal Article Maurer, E. F.;Sih., A. 1996 Ephemeral habitats and variation in behavior and life history: comparisons of sibling salamander species Oikos 76 337-349 Journal Article Mavromichalis, Johan;Bloem, Silvia 1996 Difficulties with obtaining sera Litteratura Serpentium 16 6 160 Journal Article May, Peter G.;Ferrell, Terence M.;Heulett, Steven T.;Pilgrim, Melissa A.;Bishop, Lianne A.;Spence, Donald J.;Rabatsky, Ali M.;Campbell, Mark G.;Aycrigg, Alexander D.;Richardson, William E., II 1996 Seasonal abundance and activity of a rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Central Florida Copeia 1996 2 389-401 Sistrurus miliarius barbouri; Activity; abundance Journal Article May, Debbie 1996 Remembering a friend Reptiles 4 11 100 Journal Article May, P. G.;Farrell, T. M.;Huelett, S. T.;Pilgrim, M. A.;Bishop, L. A.;Spence, D. J.;Rabatsky, A. M.;Campbell, M. G.;Aycrigg, A. D.;II, W. E. Richardson 1996 Seasonal abundance and activity of a rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in central Florida Copeia 1996 389-401 rattlesnakes, activity, seasonal, florida Journal Article Mayberry, Michelle M.;Mayberry, Gregory D. 1996 An unorthodox solution to accidental entrapment of Elaphe g. guttata in an adhesive mousetrap Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 1 2-3 Adhesive traps Journal Article Mayer, Werner;Arribas, Oscar J. 1996 Allozyme differentiation and relationship among the Iberian-Pyrenean Mountain Lizards (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae) Herpetozoa 9 1/2 57-61 Archaeolacerta; Lacerta horvathi; lacerta monticola; Lacerta aranica; Lacerta aurelioi; Lacerta bonnali; Lacerta cyreni; Iberian-Pyrenean mountain lizards; systematics; taxonomy; Spain; Portugal; Allozymes; genetics Journal Article Mayer, Werner;Bischoff, Wolfgang 1996 Beiträge zur taxonomischen Revision der Gattung Lacerta (Reptilia: Lacertidae) Teil 1: Zootoca, Omanosaura, Timonund Teira als eigenständige Gattungen [Contributions to the taxonomic revision of the genus Lacerta (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Part 1: Zootoca, Omanosaura, Timon, and Teira as full genera Salamandra 32 3 163-170 Lacertidae; taxonomy; Lacerta; Podarcis; Zootoca; Omanosaura; Timon; Teira Journal Article Mähn, Matthias 1996 (1997) Siamesiche Zwillinge bei der Breitrandschildkröte Testudo marginata (Schoepff, 1792) [Siamese twins of testudo marginata] Salamandra 32 4 259-262 Testudo marginata; Siamese twins Journal Article Märtens, B. 1996 Determination of sex ratio in juvenile sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 70-73 Lacerta agilis Journal Article Márquez, Rafael;de la Riva, Ignacio;Bosch, Jaime 1996 Advertisement calls of three glass frogs from the Andean forests (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae) Herpetological Journal 6 3 97-99 Advertisement calls; Centrolene ballux; Cochranella bejaranoi; Hyalinobatrachium bergeri Journal Article Márquez, Rafael 1996 Egg mass and size of tadpoles at hatching in the midwife toads Alytes obstetricans and Alytes cisternasii: Implications for female choice Copeia 1996 4 824-831 Alytes obstetricans; Alytes cisternasii; egg mass; tadpole size; female choice; reproductive strategy Journal Article Márquez, R.;Bosch, J. 1996 Advertisement call of the midwife toad from the Sierras Béticas Alytes dickhilleni Arntzen & García-Paris, 1995 (Amphibia, Anura, Discoglossidae) Herpetological Journal 6 1 9-14 Alytes dickhilleni; Advertisement call Journal Article Márquez, R.;De la Riva, I.;Bosch, J. 1996 The advertisement calls of three glassfrogs from the Andean forests (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae) Herpetological Journal 6 4 97-99 advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, Centrolenidae, taxonomy, Bolivia Journal Article McAllister, Chris T.;Upton, Steve J. 1996 Identification of Coccidian genera in amphibians and reptiles Vivarium 7 5 44-48 Coccidia Journal Article Mcallister, C.T.;Upton, S.J.;Barker, D.G.;Painter, C.W. 1996 Sarcocystis sp (Apicomplexa) from the new Mexico ridgenose rattlesnake, Crotalus willardi obscurus (Serpentes:Viperidae) from Sonora, Mexico Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63 1 128-130 Reptilia, serpentes, Viperidae, ridgenose rattlesnake, Crotalus willardi obscurus,infection, protozoa, Apicomplexa, Sarcocystis sp, oocysts, sporocysts Two of 4 New Mexico ridgenose rattlesnakes, Crotalus willardi obscurus Harris, 1974, from Sonora, Mexico, were found to be passing oocysts and free sporocysts of a Sarcocystis sp. in their feces. Sporocysts measured 11.9 x 10.3 (11.0-13.6 x 9.6-11.2) mu m (N = 20) and had a shape index (length, width) of 1.15 (1.07-1.23). Attempts to transmit the Sarcocystis sp. experimentally to Mus musculus, Peromyscus leucopus, or Microtus ochrogaster were unsuccessful. This represents the first report of a parasite from this host. CT Mcallister, Texas Wesleyan Univ, Dept Biol, 1201 Wesleyan, FT Worth, TX 76105 USA Journal Article McAllister, C. T.;Trauth., S. E. 1996 Food habits of paedomorphic mole salamanders, Ambystoma talpoideum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), from northeastern Arkansas. Southwest Naturalist 41 62-64 Journal Article McAlpin, Steve 1996 A range extension for the dragon Diporiphora pindan Herpetofauna 26 1 47 Diporiphora pindan Journal Article McAlpine, Donald F. 1996 Acanthocephala parasitic in North American amphibians: a review with new records Alytes 14 3 115-121 Acanthocephala; parasites; North America Book McArthur, Stuart 1996 Veterinary Management of Tortoises and Turtles Oxford, UK Blackwell Science vi + 170 Veterinary medicine Journal Article McCafferty, Katherine A.;Mann, Adam M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Apalone mutica Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article McCoid, Michael James;Hensley, David S. 1996 Sceloporus olivaceus (Texas spiny lizard). Size Herpetological Review 27 1 21 Sceloporus olivaceus; Size Journal Article McCoid, Michael James;Bettoli, Phillip W. 1996 Additional evidence for Rotenone hazards to turtles and amphibians Herpetological Review 27 2 70-71 Rotenone Journal Article McCoid, Michael James 1996 Litoria fallax. Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 2 73-74 Journal Article McCollum, S. Andy;Buskirk, Josh Van 1996 Costs and benfits of a predator-induced polyphenism in the gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis Evolution 50 2 583-593 Journal Article McCollum, S. A.;Buskirk., J. Van 1996 Costs and benefits of a predator-induced polyphenism in the gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis Evolution 50 583-593 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Ungaliophis continentals Herpetological Review 27 1 36 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Nototriton barbouri Herpetological Review 27 1 28 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Norops purpurgularis Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article McCranie, James R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Oedipina gephyra Herpetological Review 27 1 29 Journal Article McDiarmid, Roy W.;Touré, T'Shaka;Savage, Jay M. 1996 The proper name of the neotropical tree boa often referred to as Corallus enydris (Serpentes: Boidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 3 320-326 Corallus enydris; Corallus hortulanus Journal Article McDonald, Donna;Dutton, Peter;Brandner, Robert;Basford, Susan 1996 Use of pineal spot ("pink spot") photographs to identify leatherback turtles Herpetological Review 27 1 11-12 Identification; Dermochelys coriacea Journal Article McDonald, Donna L.;Dutton, Peter H. 1996 Use of PIT tags and photoidentification to revise remigration estimates of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, 1979-1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 148-152 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; photoidentification; PIT tag; remigration; conservation; Management St. Croix; Virgin Islands Journal Article McDonald, D.;Dutton, P.H.;Brandner, R.;Basford, S. 1996 Use of pineal spot ('pink spot') photographs to identify leatherback turtles Herpetological Review 27 1 11-12 leatherback Journal Article McDonald, D.L.;Dutton, P.H. 1996 Use of PIT tags and photoidentification to revise remigration estimates of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, 1979-1995 Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 148-152 leatherback; tagging Journal Article McGuire, Jimmy A. 1996 Phylogenetic Systematics of Crotaphytid Lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae) Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 32 1-143 Crotaphytus; Gambelia; Taxonomy Journal Article McGuire, J. A. 1996 Phylogenetic systematics of crotaphytid lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae) Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 32 1-142 Journal Article McKay, Lindley 1996 A possible new species of Litoria from North Queensland Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 35 Litoria Book McKeown, Sean 1996 A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians in the Hawaiian Islands Los Osos, CA Diamond Head 172 Journal Article McKeown, Sean 1996 Successfuly breeding the smaller day geckos (Phelsuma). Part 2 Reptiles 4 10 32-38 Phelsuma Journal Article McKeown, Sean;Morgan, Mary 1996 Two size records for California snakes Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 12 217-218 Size; Lampropeltis zonata; Pituophis melanoleucus Journal Article McKeown, Sean 1996 How to successfully keep the smaller day geckos (Phelsuma). part 1 Reptiles 4 9 56-75 Phelsuma Book McKeown, Sean;Zaworski, Jim 1996 General Care and Maintenance of Tokay Geckos and Related Species Santee, CA AVS iv, 60 Gekko gecko; Ptychozoon; Cyrtodactylus Book McKeown, Sean;Zaworski, Jim 1996 General care and Maintenance of Tokay Geckos and Related Species Santee, CA AVS iv, 60 Gekko gecko; Ptychozoon; Cyrtodactylus Journal Article Mead, Phil 1996 The captive maintenance of the chuckwalla Reptilian 4 6 23-25 Sauromalus obesus Journal Article Mead, H. J.;Jelinek, G. A. 1996 Suspected snakebite in children: a study of 156 patients over 10 years [see comments] Med J Aust 164 8 467-70 OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and clinical features of children presenting to an emergency department with suspected snakebite. DESIGN: A retrospective study of patient records. SETTING: An emergency department of a children's teaching hospital (Princess Margaret Hospital) in Perth, Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS: All children attending the emergency department from 1984 to 1993 with suspected snakebite. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical and laboratory evidence of envenomation. RESULTS: Over the decade studied, 156 children (mean age, six years and eight months) presented with suspected snakebite; over two-thirds (68%) were boys. In at least 31% of cases, no appropriate first aid had been applied. Only 14 children were envenomed according to clinical and laboratory criteria: 10 of these had coagulopathy; one of the 10 also had rhabdomyolysis. A Venom Detection Kit was used in 117 children. The test gave a positive result in 21 children (13%). Antivenom was given to 18 children, 14 of whom were definitely envenomed. Four of the envenomed children returned a negative result of Venom Detection Kit testing at all sites tested, and in five patients not clinically envenomed the urine specimen tested positive with the Venom Detection Kit (presumably a false positive result or subclinical envenomation). Of the 156 children, 130 were admitted to hospital, and 26 were discharged directly from the emergency department. All children recovered completely. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Many children did not receive appropriate first aid for snakebite; (ii) Most children with suspected snakebite presenting to the emergency department were not envenomed; (iii) Envenomation was best diagnosed by clinical features and laboratory investigations, with the Venom Detection Kit being used to determine the appropriate antivenom; (iv) Discharging children directly from the emergency department is not recommended. Journal Article Means, D. Bruce 1996 Geographic Distribution. Anolis sagrei Herpetological Review 27 3 151-152 Journal Article Means, D. Bruce 1996 Geographic Distribution. Gekko gecko Herpetological Review 27 3 152 Journal Article Means, D. Bruce 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 3 152 Journal Article Means, Bruce;Palis, John G.;Baggett, Mary 1996 Effects of slash pine silviculture on a Florida population of flatwoods salamander Conservation Biology 10 426 - 437 Logging Journal Article Means, D. B.;Palis, J. G.;Baggett, M. 1996 Effects of slash pine silviculture on a flordia population of flatwoods salamander Conservation Biology 10 2 426-437 coarse woody debris, silvirculture, Flordia, flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum Journal Article Means, D. B.;Palis, J. G.;Baggett., M. 1996 Effects of slash pine silviculture on a Florida population of flatwoods salamander Conservation Biology 10 426-437 Journal Article Means, D. Bruce n.d. ca. 1978 Aspects of the significance to terrestrial vertebrates of the Apalachicola River Drainage Basin, Florida Florida Marine Research Publications 26 37-67 Journal Article Medeiros, Dean E. 1996 Financial Pehlsuma: a herper's eye view of finances and insurance Jacksonville Herpetological Society News 1996 January 3-4 Journal Article Meehan, S.K. 1996 Swelling popularity of reptiles leads to increase in reptile-associated salmonellosis Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209 3 531 reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, infection, bacteria, Salmonella, manegement DGB VET WS 10-09-96 Voortplanting Reptielen 201 Journal Article Meier, Harald;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Zumtaxonomischen status des Formenkreises von Phelsuma abbotti Stejneger, 1893, mit Bemerkungen über P. masohoala Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994 [The taxonomic status of the Formenkreis of Phelsuma abbotti Stejneger, 1893, with notes on P. masohoala Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994] Salamandra 32 2 85-98 Phelsuma abbotti; Phelsuma befotakensis; Phelsuma; masohoala; Madagascar; Aldabra; Taxonomy; Sauria; Gekkonidae Journal Article Meier, Harald;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Zum taxonomischen status des Formenkreises von Phelsuma abbotti Stejneger, 1893, mit Bemerkungen über P. masohoala Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994 [The taxonomic status of the Formenkreis of Phelsuma abbotti Stejneger, 1893, with notes on P. masohoala Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1994] Salamandra 32 2 85-98 Phelsuma abbotti; Phelsuma befotakensis; Phelsuma; masohoala; Madagascar; Aldabra; Taxonomy; Sauria; Gekkonidae Journal Article Meijaard, E. 1996 Reported sightings of crocodiles in Kalimantan Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 12-14 Crocodilians; Indonesia; Kalimantan; Tomistoma schlegelii; Crocodylus porosus Journal Article Meinhardt, Daniel J.;Parmelee, Jeffrey R. 1996 A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Venezuela Herpetologica 52 1 70-77 Anura; Dendrobatidae; Colostethus parkerae sp. nov.; New species; Venezuela Journal Article Meinhardt, Daniel J.;Parmalee, Jeffrey R. 1996 A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Venezuela Herpetologica 52 1 70-77 Anura, Dendrobatidae Journal Article Meller, Alexander 1996 The rainbow boa The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 156-159 Epicrates cenchria Journal Article Mellink, Eric 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sonora semiannulata Herpetological Review 27 2 89 Journal Article Mellink, Eric 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eridiphas slevini Herpetological Review 27 2 88 Journal Article Mendelson, Joseph R.;Toal, Kevin R. 1996 A new species of Hyla (Anura: Hylidae) from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico, with comments on Hyla chryses and Hyla mykter Journal of Herpetology 30 3 326-333 Hyla chryses; Hyla mykter; Hyla labedactyla sp. nov.; new species; Mexico Journal Article Mendelson, J. R., III;K. R. Toal, III 1996 A new species of Hyla (Anura: Hylidae) from the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico, with comments on Hyla chryses and Hyla mykter Journal of Herpetology 30 326-333 frog, tropics, description Journal Article Mendonca, M.T.;Tousignant, A.J.;Crews, D. 1996 Pinealectomy, melatonin, and courtship behavior in male red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) Journal of Experimental Zoology 274 1 63-74 LIZARD ANOLIS-CAROLINENSIS; ANNUAL TESTICULAR CYCLE; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; PODARCIS-SICULA; RUIN LIZARD; ENVIRONMENTAL-TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATING MELATONIN; NATRIX-PISCATOR; WATER SNAKE; SYSTEM Journal Article Mendonca, M.T.;Crews, D. 1996 Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on attractivity and receptivity in the red sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) Journal of Comparative Physiology A - Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 178 3 373-381 Reptilia, serpentes,Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, physiology, behaviour, courtship, ovary, estrogen, attractivity, receptivity Activation of courtship behavior in male redsided garter snakes, Thammophis sirtalis parietalis, is independent of the presence of sex steroids. The only consistent treatment that stimulates courtship behavior in males is prolonged exposure to low temperature followed by subsequent warming, mimicking the emergence from hibernation. We investigated whether attractivity and receptivity in female red-sided garter snakes is similarly steroid independent. Female red-sided garter snakes are attractive when they emerge from hibernation and are courted by males; most mate within an hour of emergence. In a series of experiments, groups of females were either ovariectomized (OVEX) in the late spring, fall or while in hibernation. They were tested for attractivity and receptivity upon emergence from hibernation. Females OVEX in the spring were unattractive whereas those OVEX in fall or while in hibernation were attractive. Thus, attractivity appears determined the year before emergence and is dependent on the presence of the ovaries. All OVEX females were unreceptive upon emergence. OVEX females were also given replacement estradiol (E) treatment (either in Silastic capsules or single injections) at various points of their annual cycle. The only treatment that resulted in reinstating receptivity in OVEX females was the injection of E (20 mu g) one hour prior to emergence. The effectiveness of E in reinstating receptivity was time dependent: the longer the period between emergence and injection, the less effective the same dosage was in stimulating receptive behavior. These experiments suggest that sexual behavior in female red-sided garter snakes is, unlike males, dependent on the presence sex steroid hormones. Although E is naturally at its lowest seasonal level upon emergence, the concentration is sufficient to stimulate receptivity. However, it appears that temperature regulates a time-limited window of sensitivity to E. MT Mendonca, Univ Texas, Inst Reprod Biol, Dept Zool, Austin, TX 78712 USA Journal Article Mendonca, M. T.;Crews, D. 1996 Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on attractivity and receptivity in the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) J Comp Physiol [A] 178 3 373-81 Animal; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Male; *Ovariectomy; Ovary/*physiology; Radioimmunoassay; Sex Behavior, Animal; Snakes; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors Activation of courtship behavior in male red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, is independent of the presence of sex steroids. The only consistent treatment that stimulates courtship behavior in males is prolonged exposure to low temperature followed by subsequent warming, mimicking the emergence from hibernation. We investigated whether attractivity and receptivity in female red-sided garter snakes is similarly steriod independent. Female red-sided garter snakes are attractive when they emerge from hibernation and are courted by males; most mate within an hour of emergence. In a series of experiments, groups of females were either ovariectomized (OVEX) in the late spring, fall or while in hibernation. They were tested for attractivity and receptivity upon emergence from hibernation. Females OVEX in the spring were unattractive whereas those OVEX in fall or while in hibernation were attractive. Thus, attractivity appears determined the year before emergence and is dependent on the presence of the ovaries. All OVEX females were unreceptive upon emergence. OVEX females were also given replacement estradiol (E) treatment (either in Silastic capsules or single injections) at various points of their annual cycle. The only treatment that resulted in reinstating receptivity in OVEX females was the injection of E (20 micrograms) one hour prior to emergence. The effectiveness of E in reinstating receptivity was time dependent: the longer the period between emergence and injection, the less effective the same dosage was in stimulating receptive behavior. These experiments suggest that sexual behavior in female red-sided garter snakes is, unlike males, dependent on the presence sex steroid hormones. Although E is naturally at its lowest seasonal level upon emergence, the concentration is sufficient to stimulate receptivity. However, it appears that temperature regulates a time-limited window of sensitivity to E. Journal Article Mendonca, M. T.;Tousignant, A. J.;Crews, D. 1996 Courting and noncourting male red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis: plasma melatonin levels and the effects of pinealectomy Horm Behav 30 2 176-85 Animal; Circadian Rhythm/physiology; Colubridae/*physiology; Hibernation/physiology; Male; Melatonin/*physiology; Pineal Body/*physiology; Seasons; Sex Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Temperature Sense/physiology Previous studies found that pinealectomy of male Canadian red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) in the autumn, before prolonged exposure to low temperatures (hibernation), significantly impaired the expression of courtship behavior upon emergence in the spring. Additionally, pinealectomized animals with a disrupted diel cycle of plasma melatonin did not court while those exhibiting a more typical diel pattern did. These results suggested that the pineal gland functions in the transduction of a temperature cue which stimulates courtship. To test this hypothesis, we pinealectomized males in the spring after they had undergone a normal hibernation but were still courting. Pinealectomy of courting males in the spring, in each of the 3 years of study, had no effect on courtship. This result suggests that once the cue is transduced, the pineal gland no longer has a modulatory effect on courtship behavior. Finally, we took advantage of the fact that, in the laboratory, there is always a small percentage of males that do not court upon emergence. Pinealectomy of these noncourters greatly increased the percent of males expressing courtship behavior in each of the study years. Plasma melatonin levels of unmanipulated courting and noncourting males was measured after emergence in successive years. In both years, courters had a typical pattern of melatonin secretion (low in the photophase, high in the scotophase) while persistent noncourters displayed the opposite pattern. Journal Article Mendt, Andreas 1996 Themenmix zum neuen jahr Elaphe 4 1 1 Journal Article Mendt, Andreas 1996 Alter Terraristikkatalog aus Berlin wiederentdeckt - teil 1 Die Tuere Elaphe 4 1 72-73 Journal Article Mendt, Andreas 1996 Der Herpetologen-Professor Elaphe 4 3 65-67 Wolfgang Böhme Journal Article Mendt, Andreas 1996 Alter Terraristikkatalog aus Berlin wiederentdeckt - Teil 2: Die Terrarientechnik Elaphe 4 3 94-95 Journal Article Mendt, Andreas 1996 Die Roboterschlange Elaphe 4 3 91-93 Journal Article Meredith, Peter 1996 Some truths about cane toads Queensland Reptile and Amphibian Club, Inc. 1996 41 5-17 Bufo marinus Journal Article Mereu, Ugo 1996 C.I.T.E.S. Storia della Convenzione de Washington ReptiMagazine 2 2 40 Journal Article Mereu, Ugo 1996 C.I.T.E.S. Storia della Convenzione di Washington [4] parte ReptiMagazine 2 3 26-28 Journal Article Mereu, Ugo 1996 C.I.T.E.S. Storia della Convenzione di Washington. 2 parte ReptiMagazine 2 1 34-35 Journal Article Merker, Gerald;Merker, Cindy 1996 The mystical gray-banded: gem of North American kingsnakes Reptiles 4 7 60-85 Lampropeltis alterna Journal Article Mertz, David A. 1996 The validity and type of mimicry in the coral snake Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 74-77 mimicry Journal Article Meseguer, J.;García-Ayala, A.;López., A. 1996 Structure of the amphibian mesonephric tubule during ontogenesis in Rana ridibunda L. tadpoles: early ontogenetic stages, renal corpuscle formation, neck segment and peritoneal funnels. Anat. Embryol. 193 397-406 Journal Article Meshaka, Walter E., Jr 1996 Vagility and the Florida distribution of the Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) Herpetological Review 27 1 37-40 Florida; Introduced species; Osteopilus septentrionalis Journal Article Meshaka, Walter E., Jr. 1996 Osteopilus septentrionalis. Maximum size Herpetological Review 27 2 74 Journal Article Meshaka, Walter E. 1996 Retreat use by the Cuban treefrog (Osteopilus septentrionalis): implications for successful colonization in Florida Journal of Herpetology 30 3 443-445 Osteopilus septentrionalis; colonization; retreat use Book Messonnier, S. P. 1996 Common Reptile Diseases and Treatment Cambridge USA Blackwell Science Reptila, serpentes, sauria, testudines, pathology, survey, dystocia Journal Article Meulen, Van der 1996 Het houden en de voorplanting van Dyscophus guineti [The husbandry and breeding of Dyscophis guineti] Terra 32 2 54-57 Dyscophus guineti Book Meyer, Eberhard 1996 Ökologie und Biogeographie des zentralamerikanischen Pfeilgiftfrosches Dendrobates granuliferus Taylor unter Berücksichtigung morphologischer, populationsbiologischer, akustischer und ethologischer Gesichtspunkte. Ulm Universität Ulm 211 Dendrobates granuliferus; Ecology; Biogeography; Morphology; Population biology; Advertisement calls; Behavior Book Meyer, John R.;Foster, Carol Farneti 1996 A Guide to the Frogs and Toads of Belize Malabar, FL Krieger Publishing Co. 80 Belize; Anura Journal Article Meylan, Peter 1996 Book Review: Turtles of the United States and Canada Herpetological Review 27 1 41-42 Book Review Journal Article Meylan, Peter A. 1996 Skeletal morphology and relationships of the Early Cretaceous side-necked turtle, Araripemys barretoi (Testudines: Pelomedusoides: Araripemydidae), from the Santana Formation of Brazil Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 1 20-33 Book Métrailler, Sébastien;Le Gratiet, Georges 1996 Tortues continentales de Guyane française. Continental Turtles of the French Guiana Bramois, Switzerland P.M.S. 127 South America; Turtles; French Guiana Journal Article Michael, Scott F. 1996 Courtship calls of three species of Eleutherodactylus from Puerto Rico (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Herpetologica 52 1 116-120 Amphibia; Anura; Leptodactylidae; Eleutherodactylus; Behavior; mating; Courtship; Vocalization Journal Article Mijares-Urrutia, Abraham;Lampo, Margarita 1996 Bufo marinus (giant toad). Arboreal behavior Herpetological Review 27 3 138 Journal Article Mil'to, K. D. 1996 On the systematic position of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758) in the western Ukraine Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 199-200 Ukraine; Lacerta agilis; Systematics Journal Article Millán, Jesús 1996 Breve nota sobre orientatción y regreso al cubil en Pelobates cultipes Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 37 Journal Article Miller, Brian T.;Campbell, David L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana capito Herpetological Review 27 2 86-87 Journal Article Mills, Tony 1996 Book review: Snakes the Keeper and the Kept, and Snakes and Snake Hunting Copeia 1996 4 1044 Book review Journal Article Milner, Andrew 1996 Book review: Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain Herpetological Journal 6 4 150 Book review Journal Article Mink, Daniel G.;Sites, Jack W., Jr 1996 Species limits, phylogenetic relationships, and origins of viviparity in the scalaris complex of the lizard genus Sceloporus (Phrynosomatidae; Sauria) Herpetologica 52 4 551-571 Sceloporus scalaris complex; species boundaries; viviparity; phylogeny; isozyme electrophoresis Journal Article Minton, S. A. 1996 Bites by non-native venomous snakes in the United States Wilderness and Environment Medicine 4 297-303 snakebite epidemiology, exotic snakebites, cobra bites, antivenoms Journal Article Minx, Patrick 1996 Phylogenetic relationships among the box turtles, genus Terrapene Herpetologica 52 4 584-597 Terrapene; Systematics; turtles; morphology Journal Article Mirtschin, Peter J. 1996 The big conservation facade Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 7 3 124-136 Australia conservation laws Journal Article Misra, P.R.;Patra, S.K.;Morapatra, H.K.;Patra, K.C.;Mohapatra, S. 1996 Etiopathological findings from young gharial mortality cases Indian Vet. J. 73 8 888-889 GG, disease, Reports of heavy mortality among young Gharials (Gaviallis gangeticus - a species of crocodile) were recorded in Nandankanan zoological Garden, Orissa and 24 such cases are presented in view of the paucity of published reports. Journal Article Misyura, Andrew N.;Gasso, Victor Y.;Sukhanova, Victoria N. 1996 Comparative ecology and biochemistry of amphibians and reptiles in polluted habitats Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 191-200 Journal Article Misyura, Andrew N. 1996 Amphibians under pollution impact in Ukraine Froglog 1996 19 2 Ukraine; Amphibian decline; pollution Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C.;Fieg, Mike 1996 Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen (Northern copperhead). Bicephaly Herpetological Review 27 4 202-203 Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C.;Mueller, Robert F. 1996 Clemmys insculpta (Wood turtle). Reproductive behavior Herpetological Review 27 4 197 Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C. 1996 Book Review: Reptiles of North Carolina Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 1 1-2 Book Review Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C. 1996 Book Review: Field Guide to Reptiles and the Law Copeia 1996 2 507-509 Book Review Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C.;Rhodin, Anders G. J. 1996 Observations on the natural history and exploitation of the turtles of Nepal, with life history notes on Melanochelys trijuga Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 66-72 Reptilia; Testudines; Bataguridae; Trionychidae; Testudinidae; Melanochelys; Lissemys; Turtle; tortoise; distribution; ecology; growth; exploitation; Terai; Nepal Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C.;Buhlmann, Kurr A.;Hoffman, Richard L. 1996 Predation of marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum [Gravenhorst]) eggs by the milliped Uroblaniulus jerseyi (Causey) Banisteria 8 55-56 Journal Article Mitchell, Joseph C.;Wicknick, Jill A.;Anthony, Carl D. 1996 Effects of timber harvesting practices on peaks of otter salamander (Plethodon hubrichti) populations Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11 1 15-19 Journal Article Mitchell, N.;Swain., R. 1996 Terrestrial development in the Tasmanian frog, Bryobatrachus nimbus (Anura: Myobatrachidae): larval development and a field staging table Pap. Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania 130 75-80 Journal Article Mitchell, J. C.;Buhlmann, K. A.;Hoffman., R. L. 1996 Predation of marbled salamander (Ambystoma opacum [Gravenhorst]) eggs by the milliped Uroblaniulus jerseyi (Causey) Banisteria 8 55-56 Journal Article Mittwoch, U. 1996 Sex-determining mechanisms in animals Trends in Evolution and Ecology tsd Journal Article MOCINILIO, J. 1996 IVERMECTIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF PENTASTOMIDS IN A TOKAY GEKKO GECKO (LETTER) Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 2 5 Reptilia, sauria, Tockay gecko, Gekko gecko, infection, arthropod, pentastome, therapy, ivermectin Journal Article Modry, David 1996 The Helmethead gecko Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 23-26 Geckonia chazaliae Journal Article Molina R., Cesar R.;Rivas F., Gilson A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rhinobothryum lentiginosum Herpetological Review 27 3 155 Journal Article Moll, Don;Klemens, Michael W. 1996 Ecological characteristics of pancake tortoise, Malacochersus tornieri, in Tanzania Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 26-35 Reptilia; Testudines; Testudinidae; Malacochersus torneri; Tortoise; Ecology; Habitat; Growth; Kopje; Somalia-Masai floristic region; East Africa; Tanzania Journal Article Monitor 1996 7(3) Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Journal Article Monroy-Ibarra, Robert C.;Mejenes-Lopez, Sol de Mayo;Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando 1996 Geographic Distribution. Dryadophis melanomus veraecrucis Herpetological Review 27 4 212 Journal Article Montani, Ryosuke 1996 Redescription of the dental features of an early triassic ichthyosaur, Utatsusaurus hataii Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 3 396-402 Journal Article Montani, Ryosuke;You, H.;McGowan, C. 1996 Eel-like swimming in the earliest ichthyosaurs Nature 382 347-348 Journal Article Montanucci, Richard R. 1996 Morphological variation in the gular fold in the horned lizard genus Phrynosoma (Iguania: Phrynosomatidae) Herpetologica 52 1 46-55 Gular fold; Phrynosoma; Phrynosomatidae; Iguania; Squamata; Morphology Journal Article Monteiro, Elias Lemos 1996 Caiman Farmers Association Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 10 Journal Article Montgomery, William B. 1996 Predation by the fire and, Solenopsis invicta, on the three-toed box turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 6 105-106 Fire ants; Solenopsis invicta; Terrapene carolina triunguis Journal Article Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin;Hobert, Justin;Donoho, Ron;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus arnyi Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Montgomery, Chad;Waldron, Kevin;Hobert, Justin;Donoho, Ron;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Tantilla nigriceps nigriceps Herpetological Review 27 1 36 Journal Article Montgomery, W.B. 1996 Predation by the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, on the three-toed box turtle, Terrapene carolina triunguis Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 31 105-106 Journal Article Moon, P.F.;Stabenau, E.K. 1996 Anesthetic and postanesthetic management of sea turtles Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208 5 720 Reptilia, testudines, sea turtle, anesthesia, general, isoflurane Objective-to examine the physiologic effects of inhalation anesthesia in aquatic turtles to improve anesthetic techniques and postanesthetic monitoring. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-9 Kemp's ridley sea turtles. Procedure-Isoflurane was used as the general anesthetic during 14 minor surgical procedures. Turtles were orotracheally intubated, and a surgical plane of anesthesia was maintained with 2.7 +, - 0.4% (mean +, - SE) isoflurane. The duration of anesthesia was 131 +, - 12 minutes. Pulse rate, blood pressure, blood gases (Pa-O2 and Pa-CO2) and pH, blood lactic acid concentration, and capnography were used to evaluate the physiologic responses of sea turtles to isoflurane. Results-An isoflurane concentration of 3.4 +, - 0.3% provided anesthetic induction in 7 +, - 1 minutes. The mean duration of the recovery phase was 241 +, - 31 minutes. The duration of the recovery phase was not affected by the duration of anesthesia, type of carrier gas, method of ventilatory weaning, or use of selected pharmacologic agents. The recovery phase was characterized by hypoxemia, progressive acidemia, hypercapnia, and lactic acidosis. Awakening in the turtles was preceded by a characteristic tachycardia and tachypnea. All sea turtles recovered from isoflurane anesthesia without apparent adverse effects within 24 hours. Clinical Implications-Isoflurane appears to be safe and effective in providing surgical anesthesia in turtles that require a timely return to an aquatic environment. This study should assist veterinarians in predicting the physiologic responses of aquatic turtles to inhalation agents. EK Stabenau, E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 4S-22 Brody, Greenville, NC 27858 USA Journal Article Moore, R. D.;Newton, B.;Sih., A. 1996 Delayed hatching as a response of streamside salamander eggs to chemical cues from predatory sunfish Oikos 77 331-336 Journal Article Morales, Victor R.;Vargas, Patricia 1996 Legislation protecting marine turtles in Peru Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 22-23 Sea turtles Journal Article Morales, Victor;McDiarmid, Roy 1996 Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Pakitza, Manu National Park Reserve Zone, with comments on the herpetofauna of Madre de Dios, Peru Manu: The biodiversity of southeastern Peru; Edited by Don E. Wilson and Abelardo Sandoval; (c) by the Smithsonian Institution 503-521 Journal Article Mori, Akira 1996 Diel cycle in microhabitat utilization by newborns of the homalopsine snake, Enhydris plumbea The Snake 27 2 135-139 Journal Article Mori, Akira 1996 A comparative study of the development of prey handling behavior in young rat snakes, Elaphe quadrivirgata and E. climacophora Herpetologica 52 3 313-322 Elaphe quadrivirgata; Elaphe climacophora; feeding behavior; constriction; ontogeny; generalist predator; specialist predator Journal Article Mori, Akira;Layne, Donna;Burghardt, Gordon M. 1996 Description and preliminary analysis of antipredator behavior of Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus, a colubrid snake with nuchal glands Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16 3 94-107 Antipredator behavior; nuchal glands; Colubridae; Rhabdophis tigrinus; temperature Journal Article Moriarty, John 1996 Book Review: A Field Guide to Reptiles and the Law Herpetological Review 27 2 101 Book Review Journal Article Moriya, Tsuneo;Miyashita, Yoko;Arai, Jun-Ichiro;Kusunoki, shinichiro;Abe, Masanori;Asami, Kouichi 1996 Light-sensitive response in melanopores of Xenopus laevis : I. Spectral characteristics of melanophore response in isolated tail fin of Xenopus tadpole The Journal of Experimental Zoology 276 11-18 Hyla japonicus, Rana pirica, Hynobius retardatus Journal Article Morreale, Stephen J.;Standora, Edward A.;Spotila, James R.;Paladino, Framk V. 1996 Migration corridor for sea turtles Nature 384 319-320 Journal Article Morris, Paula 1996 Hawaiian Odyssey - or your editor takes a busman's holiday The Bridge 1996 Jan./Feb. 9-10;14;16;18;20 Journal Article Morris, Molly R. 1996 Book review: Amphibian Biology, Volume 2: Social Behavior Herpetological Review 27 4 220-221 Book review Journal Article Morris, P.J.;Jackintell, L.A.;Alberts, A.C. 1996 Predicting the gender of subadult Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) using two-dimensional ultrasound imaging and plasma testosterone concentration Zoo Biology 15 3 341-348 Reptilia, sauria, Komodo dragon,Varanus komodoensis, propagation, sex diagnosis, plasma testosterone, ultrasound Six yearling Komodo dragons (Varanus komodoensis) underwent ultrasound examinations every three months over a nine-month period to assess the value of two-dimensional ultrasound imaging technology for the purpose of determining gender in this highly monomorphic species. Beginning at an age of 28 months, ovarian structures could be imaged, allowing a prediction of gender based on the presence or absence of ovarian follicles. Simultaneously, plasma testosterone concentration was measured monthly on each individual during the study period. Beginning at an age of 24 months, putative males had consistently elevated plasma testosterone values that were similar to 40-60 times greater than those of putative females. In a blind comparison, predictions of gender based on plasma testosterone values matched the prediction of sex based on ultrasound imaging for all six individuals. The results indicate that measurements of circulating testosterone and two-dimensional ultrasound imaging together appear useful in the noninvasive determination of gender in juvenile V. komodoensis at just over two years of age. PJ Morris, Zool Soc San Diego, Dept Vet Serv, POB 551, San Diego, CA 92112 USA Journal Article Morris, P.J.;Alberts, A.C. 1996 Determination of sex in white-throated monitors (Varanus albigularis), gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum), and bearded lizards (H. horridum) using two-dimensional ultrasound imaging Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 3 371-377 Reptilia, sauria, white-throated monitor,Varanus albigularis, gila monster, Heloderma suspectum, bearded lizard, H. horridum, sex determination, ultrasound imaging Sixteen adult white-throated monitors (Varanus albigularis), three Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum), and 10 Mexican beaded lizards (H. horridum) of known sex were given ultrasound examinations to determine the value of two-dimensional ultrasound imaging technology for the purpose of determining sex in monomorphic lizards. Each animal in the study was examined only once. In every case, the sexes of V. albigularis and H. suspectum were correctly determined by abdominal ultrasound imaging. Images of three of the 10 H. horridum were not adequate for sex determination because of excessive bowel gas, which impeded ultrasound imaging. The sexes of the remaining seven H. horridum were correctly determined using abdominal ultrasound imaging. To confirm ultrasound determination, the sexes of the male H. horridum and H. suspectum were confirmed by digital hemipenis eversion immediately after the ultrasound procedure. The results clearly reveal that two-dimensional ultrasound imaging is useful for determining the sex of mature white-throated monitors and heloderms. PJ Morris, San Diego Zoo, Dept Vet Serv, POB 551, San Diego, CA 92112 USA Journal Article Morrison, Randall L.;Sherbrooke, Wade C.;Frost-Mason, Sally K. 1996 Temperature-sensitive, physiologically active iridophores in the lizard Urosaurus ornatus: An ultrastructural analysis of color change Copeia 1996 4 804-812 Urosaurus ornatus; iridophores; color change Journal Article Morrison, R.L.;Sherbrooke, W.C.;Frostmason, S.K. 1996 Temperature-sensitive, physiologically active iridophores in the lizard Urosaurus ornatus: An ultrastructural analysis of color change Copeia 4 804-812 Reptilia, sauria, Urosaurus ornatus, physiology, colour, iridiphore, change, ultrastructure Iridophores, pigment cells that structurally reflect the blue color in belly-patch scales of the lizard Urosaurus ornatus, are shown to be physiologically active. The wavelengths of light reflected by these cells change in response to temperature and osmolarity. Transmission electron micrographs show that these color changes result from quantifiable changes in spacing between layers of reflecting platelets (crystal-containing organelles) within these cells. Changes in reflecting platelet spacing at various temperatures and osmolarities explain observed changes in skin color. This is the first report of temperature-sensitive, physiologically active iridophores and a mechanism for rapid change of structurally derived color in an amniote. RL Morrison, Hood Coll, Dept Biol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA Journal Article Mosconi, G.;Cei, J. M.;Ibañez, N.;Alvarez, B. B.;Carnevali, O.;Battisti, A.;Polzonetti-Magni, A. M. 1996 Changes in plasma sex steriods in females of two sympatric Leptodactylus from subtropical South America Journal of Herpetology 30 1 68-70 Leptodactylus ocellatus; Leptodactylus chaquensis; Steroids Journal Article Mosconi, G.;Cei, J.M.;Ibanez, N.;Alvarez, B.B.;Carnevali, O.;Battisti, A.;Polzonettimagni, A.M. 1996 Changes in plasma sex steroids in females of two sympatric Leptodactylus from subtropical South America Journal of Herpetology 30 1 68-70 Amphibia, frog, Leptodactylus, physiology, plasma sex steroid G Mosconi, Univ Camerino, Dipartimento Biol, MCA, I-62032 Camerino, Italy Journal Article Moulis, Robert A.;Williamson, Gerald K. 1996 Regina rigida (Glossy crayfish snake). Behavior Herpetological Review 27 3 146-147 Journal Article Moulton, Cynthia A.;Fleming, W. James;Nerney, Brendan R. 1996 The use of PVC pipes to capture Hylid frogs Herpetological Review 27 4 186-187 Capture techniques Journal Article Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de;Abrahão-Morato, Sérgio Augusto;Silveira-Bérnils, Renato 1996 New records of reptiles from the State of Paraná, Brazil Herpetological Review 27 4 216-217 Journal Article Mourao, G.;Campos, Z.;Coutinho, M.;Abercrombie, C. 1996 Size structure of illegally harvested and surviving caiman Caiman crocodilus yacare in Pantanal, Brazil Biol. Conserv. 75 3 261-265 CY, utilization, size, South America, The Yacare caiman Caiman crocodilus yacare is protected by law in Brazil but is hunted illegally. Until now, few authorities have had access to data that might allow analysis of the effect of hunting. We used measurements from 2978 confiscated hides and 1358 skulls found in hunters' camps between October 1987 and September 1990 to reconstruct the sizes of harvested caiman. Hunters preferentially took large caiman and probably harvested mostly males. Some reproductive sized animals remained in residual populations in heavily hunted areas, and often successful reproduction was known to have occurred in these areas. Journal Article Moyroud, Richard;Ehrig, Robert W. 1996 I.I.S. Cyclura island habitat classification system Iguana Times 5 3 63-67 Cyclura; habitat Journal Article Möller, Steffen 1996 Dispersions- und Abundanzdynamik einer Population der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) im nordwestlichen Thürigen Naturschutzreport 11 1 46-56 Book Section Mrosovsky, N. 1996 Sea turtles. Past and present utilization HH, Roth and G, Merz Wildlife Resources: a Global Account of Economic Use Springer 88-96 conservation; utilization Journal Article Muelen, Jan van der 1996 Quaranaine en bestrijding van wormen en flagellaten bij kikkers Terra 33 1 6-9 Flagellates Journal Article Mullenders, Frits 1996 Diawedstrijd ttv Het Terrarium 14 7 13-15 Journal Article Mullin, Stephen J. 1996 Adaptations facilitating facultative oophagy in the gray rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta spilotes Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 387-394 oophagy; Elaphe obsoleta spilotes Journal Article Muoi, Pham Van 1996 Hatchling success at Bao Ngu Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 12 Crocodilians; Hatchling success; Crocodylus siamensis; Vietnam Journal Article Muoi, Pham Van 1996 Bao Ngu Crocodile Farm Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 8-9 Journal Article Murphy, Michael J. 1996 A possible threat to the broad-headed snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides: degradation of habitat by the feral goat Capra hircus Herpetofauna 26 2 37-38 Hoplocephalus bungaroides; habitat degradation Journal Article Murphy, James B. 1996 Book Review: Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida, Vol. III: Amphibians and Reptiles Vivarium 8 1 19-20 Book review Journal Article Murphy, James B. 1996 Book review: The Lizard Man Speaks Vivarium 7 6 38 Book review Journal Article Murphy, James B. 1996 Book Review: Turtle Islands: Balinese Ritual and the Green Turtle Vivarium 8 1 18 Book review Journal Article Murphy, Michael J. 1996 Relict herpetofauna of a small bushland remnant in Sydney, NSW Herpetofauna 26 1 45 Herpetofauna; New South Wales Journal Article Murphy, R. W.;Darevsky, I. S.;MacCulloch, R. D.;Fu, J.;Kupriyanova, L. A. 1996 Evolution of the bisexual species of Caucasian rock lizards: a phylogenetic evaluation of allozyme data Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 18-31 Reptilia; Lacertidae; Lacerta; Archaeolacerta; Phylogeny; systematics; genetics; Caucasus Mountains; Allozymes Journal Article Murphy, Eugene W. 1996 Book Review: Alligators and Crocodiles Sonoran Herpetologist 9 1 5 Bothriechis schlegelii Journal Article Murphy, James B. 1996 Book Review: Self-Assessment color review of Reptiles and Amphibians Vivarium 7 5 16-17 Book Review Journal Article Murphy, Tricha J.;Myers, Alan A. 1996 The behavioral ecology of Phelsuma astriata semicarinata on Aride Island Nature Reserve, Seychelles Journal of Herpetology 30 1 117-123 Phelsuma astriata semicarinata Journal Article Murphy, John C. 1996 Glow in the dark lizards? Reptiles 4 4 32-40 Journal Article Murphy, James B. 1996 Book Review: Frogs Vivarium 7 5 16 Book Review Journal Article Murphy, John C. 1996 Gliders & Parachuters Reptiles 4 3 12-26 Journal Article Murphy, James 1996 Book Review: The Reptiles and Amphibians of South Australia Vivarium 7 4 46 Book Review Journal Article Murphy, James 1996 Book Review: The Herpetological Contributions of Whilhelm C. H. Peters (1815-1883) Vivarium 7 4 46-47 Book Review Journal Article Murphy, James 1996 Book Review: Lizards of Australia Vivarium 7 4 46 Book Review Journal Article Murphy, Christopher G.;Gerhardt, H. Carl 1996 Evaluating the design of mate-choice experiments: The effect of amplexus on mate choice by female barking treefrogs, Hyla gratiosa Animal Behavior 51 881-890 mate choice, amplexus, barking treefrogs, Hyla gratiosa Journal Article Murphy-Walker, S.;Haley, S. R. 1996 Functional sperm storage duration in female Hemidactylus frenatus (Family Gekkonidae) Herpetologica 52 3 365-373 Hemidactylus frenatus; Geckos; Oviductal sperm storage; sperm storage Edited Book Murray, Roy C.;Dickinson, Vanessa 1996 Management Plan for the Sonoran Desert Population of the Desert Tortoise in Arizona Phoenix, AZ Arizona Interagency Desert Tortoise Team 55 Gopherus agassizii; Conservation; Management Plan Journal Article Murray, Roy C.;Klug, Christopher M. 1996 Preliminary data analysis from three desert tortoise long-term monitoring plots in Arizona: sheltersite use and growth Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 10-17 Gopherus agassizii; growth; Sheltersite use Journal Article Murray, Roy C.;Schwalbe, Cecil R.;Bailey, Scott J.;Cuneo, S. Peder;Hart, Scott D. 1996 Reproduction in a population of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii, in the Sonoran Desert Herpetological Natural History 4 1 83-88 Gopherus agassizii; reproduction; Sonoran Desert Journal Article Murray, J.D.;Kulesa, P.M. 1996 On a dynamic reaction diffusion mechanism: The spatial patterning of teeth primordia in the alligator J. Chem. Soc. - Faraday Trans. 92 16 2927-2932 AM, anatomy, embryo, tooth, It is now well established both theoretically and, more recently, experimentally, that steady-state spatial chemical concentration patterns can be formed by a number of specific reaction-diffusion systems. Reaction-diffusion models have been widely applied to biological pattern formation problems. Here we propose a mode! mechanism for the initiation and spatial positioning of teeth primordia in the alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, which, from a reaction-diffusion theory, introduces, among other things, a new element, namely the effect of domain growth on dynamic spatial pattern formation. Detailed embryological studies by Westergaard and Ferguson (B. Westergaard and M. W. J. Ferguson, J. Zool. Lend., 1986, 210, 575; 1987, 212, 191; Am. J. Anatomy, 1990, 187, 393) show that jaw growth plays a crucial role in the developmental patterning of the tooth initiation process. Based on biological data we develop a reaction-diffusion mechanism, which crucially includes domain growth. The model can reproduce the spatial pattern development of the first seven teeth primordia in the lower half jaw of A. mississippiensis. The results for the precise spatio temporal sequence compare well with detailed developmental experiments. Journal Article Mushonga, B.;Horowitz, A. 1996 Serous cavities of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 2 170-179 Reptilia, sauria, Crocodylia, nile corcodile, Crocodylus niloticus, anatomy, pleura, peritoneum The anatomy of-the serous cavities of nonmammalian vertebrates is quite different from that of mammals, and knowledge of this anatomy is essential in performing necropsies and understanding the pathogenesis of disease processes. The serous body cavities of 22 crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) cadavers, obtained after routine slaughter at local Zimbabwe crocodile farms, were examined. Ten serous cavities were regularly associated with the viscera of the crocodile: right and left pleural cavities, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; right and left hepatopulmonary bursae (which communicate with the corresponding pleural cavities); an intermediate hepatopulmonary bursa; right and left hepatopericardiac bursae; and a hepatogastric bursa. In addition, a small serous bursa was often present interposed between the left pleural sac and the caudal esophagus. Hepatopulmonary and hepatopericardiac bursae are probably associated with mechanical respiratory function in this reptile, in which movements of the liver change the craniocaudal dimensions of the thoracic cavity. The hepatopulmonary bursae originate from the primitive pleuroperitoneal cavities of the embryo; the hepatopericardiac and intermediate hepatopulmonary bursae are probably derived from the pulmohepatic recesses. B Mushonga, Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA Journal Article Mutz, Thomas;Donth, Stefan 1996 Untersuchungen zur Ökologie und Populationsstruktur der Zauneidechse (Lacerta agilis) an einer Bahnlinie im Münsterland [Studies about ecology and population structure of the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) at railway embankments in Münsterland, Western Germany] Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 123-132 Lacerta agilis; Ecology; Population structure; Urban ecology; Germany; Lacertidae Journal Article Mutz, Thomas 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Der Laubfrosch (Hyla arborea L.). Ökologie und Artenschultz Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 208-209 Book Review Journal Article Müller, Johannes 1996 Angaben über einige Amphibien- und Reptilienfunde in Jordanien. [data on some records of amphibians and reptiles in Jordan] Sauria 18 3 3-10 Jordan; herpetofauna; Amphibia; Anura; Bufonidae; Ranidae; Rana ridibunda; giant tadpoles; Reptilia; Testudines; Testudinidae; Squamata; Sauria; Agamidae; Chamaeleonidae; Gekkonidae; Lacertidae; Ophisops elegans ehrenbergi; systematic status; Scincidae; Serpentes; Colubridae; Viperidae Journal Article Müller-Scherz, Joan Egert 1996 Cria exitosa de Calabaria reinhardtii Reptilia 2 8 29-32 Calabaria reinhardtii Journal Article Münch, Detlef 1996 Mangelndes Pflegemanagement gefährdet Erfolgsbilanz einer Amphibientunnelange - Ergebnisse einer fünfjährigen Effektivitätskontrolle Elaphe 4 4 57-60 Amphibian tunnels Journal Article Münch, Detlef;Loos, Wilfred 1996 Asphaltierte Strßen und Wege als Milroklimaschwelle für adulte und juvenile Amphibien Elaphe 4 3 73-77 Journal Article Münch, Detlef;Hallmann, Gerhard;Scharmach, Matthias 1996 Ersatzwinterquartiere - ein neuer Weg im Amphibienschutz an Straßen Elaphe 4 2 57-61 Amphibian conservation; Migration Journal Article Myers, Charles W.;Donnelly, Maureen A. 1996 A New Herpetofauna from Cerro Yaví, Venezuela: First Results of the Robert G. Goelet American Museum-Terramar Expedition to the Northwestern Tepuis American Museum Novitates 3172 1-56 Journal Article Myers, Charles W.;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 On the type specimens of two Colombian poison frogs described by A. A. Berthold (1845), and their bearing on the locality "Provinz Popayan" American Museum Novitates 3185 1-20 Journal Article Myers, Charles W.;Donnelly, Maureen A. 1996 A new herpetofauna from Cerro Yavi, Venezuela: First results of the Robert G. Goelet American Museum- TERRAMAR Expedition to the Northwestern Tepuis American Museum Novitates 1 - 55 Herpetofauna, Venezuela, Eleutherodactylus, Arthrosaura, Phenacosaurus, Thamnodynastes Journal Article Myers, Charles W. 1996 On the type specimens of two Colombian poison frogs described by A. A. Berthold (1845), and their bearing on the locality "Provinz Popayan" American Museum Novitates 3185 1-20 Journal Article Myhr, K. L.;McReynolds, J. S. 1996 Cholinergic modulation of dopamine release and horizontal cell coupling in mudpuppy retina Vision Res 36 24 3933-8 Acetylcholine/physiology; Animal; Carbachol/pharmacology; Cell Communication/drug effects; Cholinergic Agonists/*pharmacology; Cholinergic Antagonists/*pharmacology; Dopamine/*metabolism; Fluphenazine/pharmacology; Necturus maculosus/*physiology; Photic Stimulation; Receptors, Nicotinic/physiology; Retina/cytology/*drug effects/physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Tissue Culture The effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on electrical coupling between horizontal cells were studied in dark-adapted mudpuppy retinas. Carbachol and the nicotinic agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4- phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) uncoupled horizontal cells, but the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine did not. The uncoupling effects of carbachol and DMPP were blocked by the nicotinic antagonist D- tubocurarine and by the dopamine antagonist fluphenazine, indicating that carbachol uncoupled horizontal cells by stimulating dopamine release via nicotinic receptors. Carbachol also caused an increase in release of [3H]dopamine from retinas. D-Tubocurarine increased horizontal cell coupling, indicating that tonic cholinergic input was present in dark-adapted retinas. D-Tubocurarine did not reduce light- evoked uncoupling of horizontal cells, suggesting that cholinergic neurons are not an essential part of the direct pathway by which light causes an immediate increase in dopamine release. Journal Article Naik, Y. M.;Vinod, K. R. 1996 Amphibian fauna of Gujarat: An updated checklist with key to the identification of species Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology 43 2 191-194 Checklist; Ichthyophis Bombayensis; Rana Limnocharis; Rana Tigrina; Rana Keralensis; Rana Hexadactyla; Rana Cyanophlyctis; Rana Malabarica; Rana Leithii; Tomopterna Breviceps; Polypedates Maculatus; Kaloula Pulchra; Ramanella Montana; Uperodon Globulosus; Uperodon Systoma; Microhyla Ornata; Microhyla Rubra; Bufo Melanostictus; Bufo Stomaticus; Bufo Viridis; Ichthyophis; Indian Cricket Frog; Indian Bull Frog; Verrucose Frog; Indian Pond Frog; Skipper Frog; Fungoid Frog; Leith'S Frog; Indian Burrowing Frog; Common Tree Frog; Ceylon Kaloula; Jerdon'S Ramanella; Baloon Frog; Marbled Baloon Frog; Ornate Microhylid; Red Microhylid; Common Indian Toad; Marbled Toad; Green Toad; Checklist; Identification Key; Biogeography; Geographic Distribution; Gujarat; India On the basis of the previous reports on the Amphibian fauna of Gujarat and the recent studies to collect and identify these forms, there are nineteen Amphibian species available in Gujarat. The study also indicates that the species normally found along the Western Ghats are distributed up to Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary located along South of Narmada. Along with the list of Amphibians, keys to the identification of species are also given in this report. Journal Article Naro, E.F.S.;Mrosovsky, N.;Marcovaldi, M.A. 1996 Thermal profiles of marine turtle hatcheries and nesting areas at Praia do Forte, Brazil Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 77 3 320 loggerhead; sex ratio Journal Article Nascetti, Giuseppe;Cimmaruta, Roberta;Lanza, Benedetto;Bullini, Luciano 1996 Molecular taxonomy of European plethodontid salamanders (Genus Hydromantes) Journal of Herpetology 30 2 161-183 Hydromantes; Systematics; Evolution; Phylogeny; allozymes Journal Article NATHAN, R. 1996 TREATMENT WITH OVICENTESIS, PROSTAGLANDIN E2 THEN PROSTAGLANDIN F2A TO AID OVIPOSITION IN A SPOTTED PYTHON ANTARESIA MACULOSA Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 4 4 Reptilia, serpentes, spotted python, Antaresia maculosa, propagation, oviposition, prostaglandin F2A Journal Article NATHAN, R. 1996 CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN A JUVENILE FRECKLED MONITOR: VARANUS TRISTIS ORIENTALIS (LETTER) Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 2 6 Reptilia, sauria, freckled monitor, Varanus tristis orientalis, infection, apicomplexa, cryptosporidia Journal Article Naujoks Manteuffel, C.;Meyer, D. L. 1996 Glial fibrillary acidic protein in the brain of the caecilian Typhlonectes natans (Amphibia, Gymnophiona): An immunocytochemical study Cell & Tissue Research 283 1 51-58 Typhlonectes Natans; Newborn; Juvenile; Adult; Radial Glial Cell; Muller Cell; Astroglia; Perivascular Endfoot; Ultrastructure The astroglia of adult and juvenile (metamorphosed) Typhlonectes natans (Fischer) was investigated immunocytochemically with a monoclonal antibody directed against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The astroglia of this member of the Order Gymnophiona of the class Amphibia is mainly composed of radial glial cells. Their somata limit the ventricles. They each give rise to a thick process that extends through the periventricular gray and arborizes within the neuropil. At the subpial surface, endfeet establish the membrana gliae limitans externa. Some extraependymal radial glial cells are immunoreactive, but no mammalian-like astrocytes are visualized. In the spinal cord, perikarya of radial glia are displaced from the GFAP-immunonegative ependyma. Perivascular endfeet and processes lining blood vessels are abundantly labeled. An increase in GFAP immunoreactivity extends from the exclusive labeling of subpial endfeet in newborn, recently metamorphosed animals, to the subsequent staining of distal processes and of the entire cell in older juveniles. The midline glia of the brainstem is immunoreactive at all ages examined. Strong glial wedges separate and delineate fiber tracts. Radial glial fibers in the habenulae are particularly thick and exhibit strong GFAP immunoreactivity, even in juveniles where GFAP immunoreactivity is otherwise minimal. The pattern of GFAP immunolabeling in the caecilian T. natans is similar to that in salamanders, but not to that in frogs. Journal Article Nauman, Richard S.;Lossen, Thomas;Pfeifer, Kevin 1996 Geographic Distribution. Spea intermontana Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article Navarrete, Luis F. 1996 La terrariofilia como alternativa conservacionista en la herpetología Reptilia 2 8 51-54 Conservation Journal Article Navas, Carlos A. 1996 The effect of temperature on the vocal activity of tropical anurans: A comparison of high and low-elevation species Journal of Herpetology 30 4 488-497 Thermal dependency; vocal performance; Andes; Anura; Colostethus subpunctatus; Eleutherodactylus bogotensis; Hyla labialis; Colostethus talamancae; Colostethus flotator; Eleutherodactylus diastema; Hyla ebraccata; Hyla microcephala Journal Article Navas, Carlos A. 1996 Thermal dependency of field locomotor and vocal performance of high-elevation anurans in the Tropical Andes Journal of Herpetology 30 4 478-487 Thermal dependency; vocal performance; locomotor performance; Andes; Anura; Atelopus; Colostethus subpunctatus; Eleutherodactylus bogotensis; Hyla labialis Journal Article Navas, C. A. 1996 Metabolic physiology, locomotor performance, and thermal niche breadth in neotropical anurans Physiological Zoology 69 6 1481-1501 temperature, altitude, frogs, anurans, locomotion, metabolism Journal Article Necas, Petr;Modry, David;Biblík, Thomás 1996 Aggressionsverhalten von männlichen Teichmolchen (Triturus vulgaris) gegenüber einem albinotischen Geschlechtsgenossen [Aggressive behavior of males of the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) towards an albinistic counterpart] Salamandra 32 2 123-125 Amphibia; Salamandridae; Triturus vulgaris; albinism; behavior Journal Article Neckel de Oliveira, Selvino 1996 Daily movements of male Phyllomedusa bicolor in Brazil Herpetological Review 27 4 180-181 Journal Article Nehring, Nancy 1996 Raising mealworms Reptiles 4 7 108-115 Journal Article Nelson, Kristen;Mo, Claudette L. 1996 Olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) nests excavated by caracaras (Polyborus planus ) at Nancite Beach Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 10-11 Journal Article Ness, William 1996 Basic tortoise care revisited Newsletter of the Minnesota Herpetological Society 16 1 6-8 Journal Article Newman, Chris 1996 Marvelous Mutants: Fire salamander - Salamandra salamandra terrestris Reptilian 4 2 48-49 Journal Article Newman, Chris 1996 Striped fire salamanders Reptilian 4 8 60-61 Salamandra salamandra Journal Article Newman, C. 1996 Book Review: Rattler! A Natural History of Rattlesnake Reptilian 4 7 59 Animal rights Journal Article Nicol, Ellen 1996 Is it a snake with a shell? Reptiles 4 1 92-99 Chelodina longicollis Journal Article Nicolay, Gabriele;Nicolay, Harald 1996 Provisorische Amphibienleitzäune an Staßen: Vermeiden von Fehlern erhöht Wirksamkeit Elaphe 4 4 65-66 Journal Article Niebergall, Peter 1996 Keeping European colubrids Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 70-74 Journal Article Niekisch, Manfred 1996 Buchbesprechung: Chamäleons - bunte juwelen der Natur Handbuch dr modernen Chamäleonologie Elaphe 4 1 48-49 Book review Book Nielsen, Barry C. 1996 Snake Keeping: Proven techniques everyone can use North Billerica, MA Best Pets 61 Journal Article Nieto Montes de Oca, Adrián 1996 A new species of Anolis (Squamata: Polychrotidae) from Chipas, México Journal of Herpetology 30 1 19-27 New species; Anolis alvarezdeltoroi sp. nov. Journal Article Nieuwolt, Pimmy M. 1996 Movement, activity, and microhabitat selection in the western box turtle, Terrapene ornata luteola, in New Mexico Herpetologica 52 4 487-495 Box turtles; Terrapene ornata luteola; movement; home range; microhabitat selection; activities; deserts Journal Article Niewiarowski, Peter 1996 Book review: Handbook of Lizards Copeia 1996 4 1071-1072 Book review Journal Article Nijs, Jef 1996 Boekbespreking: Amfibien im Aquarium Terra 32 1 22-23 Book Review Journal Article Nijs, Jef 1996 Captive propagation and reproduction in a blind european pond turtle, Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus 1758) Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 9 165 Emys orbicularis Journal Article Nijs, Jef;Zwartepoorte, H.;Boonstra, J. 1996 Divergent Incubation times in clutches of Chelonia incubated under the same temperature conditions Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 10 187 incubation Journal Article Nijs, Jef 1996 Egg-laying at low temperature in a captive red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21 11 202-203 Trachemys scripta Journal Article Nijs, Jef 1996 Verzorging en kweek in gevangenschap van de kleine muskusschilpad, Sternotherus minor minor (Agassiz, 1857) [The loggerhead musk turtle: captive propagation and repoduction in Sternotherus minor minior (Agassiz, 1857) Terra 32 6 186-190 Sternotherus minor Journal Article Nishihara, Aya 1996 High density induces a large head in larval Hynobius retardatus from a low density population Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16 4 134-136 Hynobius retardatus; Cannibalism; Salamander; Head morphology; Head growth Journal Article Noonan, Brice P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hyla chrysoscelis/versicolor Herpetological Review 27 4 208 Journal Article Norell, Mark 1996 "V" as in vertebrate Natural History 6/96 Journal Article Norris, Jeffrey L. 1996 Male courtship in the New Guinean turtle, Emydura subglobosa (Pleurodira, Chelidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 1 78-80 Emydura subglobosa; Male courtship Journal Article North, Greg W. 1996 Captive propagation of the Rio Fuerte beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum exasperatum) Reptiles 4 5 100-106 Journal Article Novitsky, Ruslan V. 1996 Characteristics of polymorphism in the common frog (Rana temproaria) in Byelorussia Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 91-108 Rana temporaria Journal Article Nowak, Erika 1996 Rattlesnake relocation at Montezuma Castle National Monument Colorado Plateau 6 1 4-5 Relocation; Translocation Journal Article Nöllert, Andreas 1996 Verbreitung, Lebensraum und Bestandssituation der Gelbbauchunke (Bombiana v. variegata) in Thüringen Naturschutzreport 11 1 137-160 Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A. 1996 Book review: Reptiles of Washington and Oregon Herpetological Review 27 4 222-223 Book review Journal Article Nussbaum, Ronald A.;Raxworthy, Christopher J. 1996 Book Review: A Fieldguide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar (Second Edition) Herpetological Review 27 2 92-95 Book Review Journal Article O'dell, Jim 1996 The freckled monitor Reptiles 4 7 32-38 Varanus tristis Book O'Shea, Mark 1996 A Guide to The Snakes of Papua New Guinea Port Moresby, PNG Independent Publishing xii + 239 Papua New Guinea; Field guide Journal Article O'Shea, Mark 1996 The reptiles and amphibians of Papua New Guinea Rephiberary 1996 222 2-5 Journal Article Obst, Fritz Jürgen 1996 Buchbesprechung: Schlangen Elaphe 4 1 52 Book review Journal Article Odierna, Gaetano;Aprea, Gennaro;Arribas, Oscar J.;Capriglione, Teresa;Caputo, Vincenzo;Olmo, Ettore 1996 The karyology of the Iberian rock lizards Herpetologica 52 4 542-550 Karyology; C-banding; Chromosome; Robertsonian polymorphism; Iberia; Archaeolacerta; Lacertidae; Lacerta monticola; Lacerta aurelioi; Lacerta bonnali Journal Article Odinchenko, V. I.;Latyshev, V. A. 1996 First breeding of the Papuan python (Apadora papuana Peters and Doria 1878) at the Moscow Zoo Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 204-205 Papuan python; Captive husbandry; Reproduction; Reproductive biology; Moscow Zoo; Apadora papuana Journal Article Odinchenko, V. I.;Latyshev, V. A. 1996 Keeping and breeding in captivity the Mexican Burrowing Python Loxocemus bicolor (Cope, 1861) at Moscow Zoo Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 95-96 Loxocemus bicolor; Reproductive biology; captive breeding; Moscow Zoo Journal Article Odum, R. Andrew;Brazaitis, Peter;McMahan, William 1996 AZA, Regional Collection Plan for Crocodilian Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 19 Journal Article Odum, Andrew;Spencer, Brint 1996 Conservation spotlight: Wyoming toad Endangered Species UPDATE 13 6 9 Bufo hemiophrys baxteri Journal Article Oftedal, O.T.;Allen, M.E. 1996 Nutrition as a major facet of reptile conservation Zoo Biology 15 5 491-497 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, food, feeding Journal Article Ohler, Annemarie 1996 Valid name and holotype of the Malagasy frog currently known as Boophis granulosus (Guibe, 1975) (Amphibia, Anura) Copeia 1996 4 1010-1012 Boophis granulosus; Rhacophorus granulatus; madagascar Journal Article Ohler, Annemarie 1996 Systematics, morphometrics and biogeography of the genus Aubria (Ranidae, Pyxicephalinae) Alytes 13 4 141-166 Systematics; Morphology; biogeography; Aubria Journal Article Ohshima, K.;Hamada, M.;Terai, Y.;Okada, N. 1996 The 3' ends of tRNA-derived short interspersed repetitive elements are derived from the 3' ends of long interspersed repetitive elements Mol Cell Biol 16 7 3756-64 Alligators and Crocodiles; Anguilla; Animal; Base Sequence; Chickens; Comparative Study; Consensus Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Complementary; *Evolution; Genome; Human; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; *Retrotransposons; RNA, Transfer/*genetics; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Turtles/*genetics Short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) are a type of retroposon, being members of a class of informational molecules that are amplified via cDNA intermediates and flow back into the host genome. In contrast to retroviruses and retrotransposons, SINEs do not encode the enzymes required for their amplification, such as reverse transcriptases, so they are presumed to borrow these enzymes from other sources. In the present study, we isolated a family of long interspersed repetitive elements (LINEs) from the turtle genome. The sequence of this family was found to be very similar to those of the avian CR1 family. To our surprise, the sequence at the 3' end of the LINE in the turtle genome was nearly identical to that of a family of tortoise SINEs. Since CR1-like LINEs are widespread in birds and in many other reptiles, including the turtle, and since the tortoise SINEs are only found in vertical-necked turtles, it seems possible that the sequence at the 3' end of the tortoise SINEs might have been generated by recombination with the CR1-like LINE in a common ancestor of vertical-necked turtles, after the divergence of side-necked turtles. We extended our observations to show that the 3'-end sequences of families of several tRNA-derived SINEs, such as the salmonid HpaI family, the tobacco TS family, and the salmon SmaI family, might have originated from the respective LINEs. Since it appears reasonable that the recognition sites of LINEs for reverse transcriptase are located within their 3'-end sequences, these results provide the basis for a general scheme for the mechanism by which SINEs might acquire retropositional activity. We propose here that tRNA-derived SINEs might have been generated by a recombination event in which a strong-stop DNA with a primer tRNA, which is an intermediate in the replication of certain retroviruses and long terminal repeat retrotransposons, was directly integrated at the 3' end of a LINE. Journal Article Oliver, Simon C.;Jamieson, Barrie G. M.;Scheltinga, David M. 1996 The ultrastructure of spermatozoa of squamata. II. Agamidae, Varanidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, and Boidae (Reptilia) Herpetologica 52 2 216-241 Reptilia; agamidae; Varanidae; Serpentes; Spermatozoon; Ultrstructure; Phylogeny Journal Article Olson, Thomas E. 1996 Comparison of impacts and mitigation measures along three multi-state linear construction projects Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 1-9 Gopherus agassizii; Construction; Mitigation Journal Article Olsson, M.;Gullberg, A.;Shine, R.;Madsen, T.;Tegelstrom, H. 1996 Paternal genotype influences incubation period, offspring size, and offspring shape in an oviparous reptile Evolution 50 1328-1333 life history, phenotypic plasticity, DNA fingerprinting Journal Article Olsson, M.;Shine, R.;Madsen, T. 1996 Sperm selection by females Nature 383 585 Lacerta agilis, Lacertidae, sexual selection, DNA, fingerprinting Journal Article Olsson, M.;Shine, R. 1996 Does reproductive success increase with age or with size in species with indeterminate growth? A case study using sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) Oecologia 105 175-178 Temperate, Lacertidae Journal Article Olsson, M.;Madsen, T. 1996 Costs of mating with infertile males selects for emergence in female sand lizards (Lacerta agilis L.) Copeia 1996 462-464 sexual selection, behavior, costs, mating, lacertidae Journal Article Onorato, Dave 1996 The growth rate and age distribution of Sternotherus minor at Rainbow Run, Florida Journal of Herpetology 30 3 301-306 Sternotherus minor; growth rate; Age distribution Journal Article Orchard, Stan 1996 Amphibians in the changing atmosphere Froglog 18 2-3 Journal Article Orchard, Stan A. 1996 Amphibians and the changing atmosphere The Boreal Dip Net 1 2 1-2 Amphibian decline Journal Article Orlova, V. F.;Kozlovskii, A. I. 1996 Heterochromosomes and NOR-localozation in the common lizard, Lacerta vivipara Jacquin, from Russia Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 191-195 Reptilia; Sauria; Lacertidae; Lacerta vivipara; Chromosomes; Differentiated staining; Russia Journal Article Oros, J.;Ramirez, A.S.;Poveda, J.B.;Rodriguez, J.L.;Fernandez, A. 1996 Systemic mycosis caused by Penicillium griseofulvum in a Seychelles giant tortoise (Megalochelys gigantea) Veterinary Record 139 12 295-296 Reptilia, testudines, Seychelles giant tortoise, Megalochelys gigantea, infection, fungus, Penicillium griseofulvum, systemic J Oros, Fac Vet, Dept Histol & Pathol Anat ,C Francico Inglott Artiles 12A ,Las Palmas 35016, Spain Journal Article Oros, J.;Rodriguez, J.L.;Herraez, P.;Santana, P.;Fernandez, A. 1996 Respiratory and digestive lesions caused by Salmonella arizonae in two snakes Journal of Comparative Pathology 115 2 185-189 Reptilia, serpentes, Rosy Boa,Lichanura trivirgata, double-headed Kingsnake, Lampropeltis hondurensis, infection, bacteria, Salmonella arizonae, pneumonia, gastritis Cases of diphtheritic necrotizing gastritis in a Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata) and of necrotizing tracheitis in a double-headed Kingsnake (Lampropeltis hondurensis), both associated with Salmonella arizonae, are described. An immuno-peroxidase technique indicated that S. arizonae played a role in the causation of the lesions. In addition, the study showed the value of the technique for the detection of S. arizonae in the tissues of infected snakes. J Oros ,Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria ,Fac Vet Sci ,Dept Histol & Pathol Anat ,Las Palmas 35016 ,Canary Isl, Spain Journal Article Orzack, S. 1996 Liver physiology and sex ratio biology Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 9 384 sex ratio Journal Article Ota, Hidetoshi;Hikida, Tsutomu 1996 The second specimen of Calotes kinabaluensis de Grijs (Squamata: Agamidae) from Sabah, Malaysia, with comments on the taxonomic status of the species Journal of Herpetology 30 2 288-291 Calotes kinabaluensis Journal Article Ota, Hidetoshi;Sengoku, Showichi;Hikida, Tsutomu 1996 Two new species of Luperosaurus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Borneo Copeia 1996 2 433-439 Luperosaurus yasumai n. sp.; new species; taxonomy; Luperosaurus serraticaudus n. sp. Journal Article Ota, Hidetoshi;Hikida, T.;Matsui, M.;Hasegawa, M.;Labang, David;Nabhitabhata, J. 1996 Chromosomal variation in the scincid genus Mabuya and its arboreal relatives (Reptilia: Squamata) Genetica 98 87-94 Karyotype Journal Article Ota, Hidetoshi;Hikida, Tsutomu;Matsui, Masafumi;Chan-Ard, T.;Nabhitabhata, J. 1996 Discovery of a diploid population of the Hemidactylus garnotti-vietnamensis complex (Reptilia: Gekonidae) Genetica 97 81-85 Journal Article Ota, Hidetoshi;Izawa, Masako 1996 Symposium: Fauna of Yakabijima and Adjacent areas of the Kerama Group, Central Ryukyus, with special reference to its conservation Island Studies in Okinawa 14 1-22 Book Section Ota, Hidetoshi 1996 Opisthrotropis kikuzatoi (Okada et Takara, 1958) Hogo-Kyokai, Suisan-Shigen Basic Biological data for rare aquatic wildlife of Japan (III) Tokyo Suisan-Shigen Hogo-Kyokai 273-278 Book Ouboter, P.E. 1996 Ecological studies of crocodilians in Suriname: niche segregation and competition in three predators Amsterdam, The Netherlands SPB academic Publishing 139 pp. CCr, PP, PT, ecology, habitat, food, distribution, reproduction, South America Book Ouboter, Paul E. 1996 Ecological studies of crocodilians in Suriname: niche segregation and competition in three predators Amsterdam SPB Academic Publishing viii, 139 p. Journal Article Overing, Julie A. 1996 Green turtles with fibropapilloma disease in the BVI Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 17-18 Sea turtles; fibropapilloma; British Virgin Islands Journal Article Ownby, C. L.;Reisbeck, S. L.;Allen, R. 1996 Levels of therapeutic antivenin and venom in a human snakebite victim South Med J 89 8 803-6 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of therapeutic antivenin (Antivenin [Crotalidae] Polyvalent, Wyeth-Ayerst) in serum and the levels of venom in the urine of a patient bitten by a western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). Serum and urine samples were taken on admission, during hospitalization, and during follow-up until 5 months after the bite. Photographs were taken of the bite site on admission to the hospital and during follow-up. Serum levels of therapeutic antivenin were highest between 1 and 3 days after the bite but were still detectable 46 days as well as 4 months after the bite. Crotalus atrox venom was detectable in the urine 4 days after the bite and was still measurable 6 days after the bite. Journal Article Pacheco, Luis F. 1996 Wariness of caiman populations and its effect on abundance estimates Journal of Herpetology 30 1 123-126 Surveys; Abundance estimates; Caiman yacare Journal Article Pacheco, L.F. 1996 Effects of environmental variables on black caiman counts in Bolivia Wildl. Soc. Bull. 24 1 44-49 MN, distribution, techniques, ecology, The proportion of a crocodilian population seen during night spotlight counts (sighting proportion) is affected by environmental conditions. I developed multiple regression models to estimate the sighting proportion of black caimans (Melanosuchus niger) using 7 environmental variables as predictors. Although the models were statistically powerful, their use in long term monitoring programs appeared to be limited, given that changes in density affected the sighting proportion. This finding has implications in the management of wild populations of crocodilians; long term monitoring programs based on night counts usually assume that, once the environmental effects have been accounted for, the sighting proportion remains constant over time. Journal Article Packard, M.J.;Jennings, D.H.;Hanken, J. 1996 Growth and uptake of mineral by embryos of the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 113 4 343-349 Amphibia, anura, Eleutherodactylus coqui, physiology, growth, calcium, direct development, embryo, magnesium, mineral, phosphorus Embryos of the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui take up small quantities of yolk and yolk mineral early in incubation but increase their uptake of yolk reserves at later stages of development. Growth and accumulation of calcium and magnesium by embryos also occur slowly at first and at a higher rate later. Accumulation of calcium and magnesium by embryos is largely a function of variation in size of embryos, but uptake of phosphorus is unrelated to size. Although patterns of growth and uptake of mineral by embryonic coquis resemble those for embryos of oviparous amniotes, embryonic coquis do not deplete the yolk of its nutrients to the same degree. Thus, residual yolk of coqui hatchlings contains a high percentage of the nutrient reserves originally present in the egg. This difference between embryonic coquis and embryos of oviparous amniotes may indicate that transfer of nutrients from yolk to embryo becomes limiting during the growth phase. Alternatively, some aspects of the neurologic system are so poorly developed at hatching that coqui may not be able to find prey effectively. A large nutrient reserve could sustain hatchlings while the neurologic system continues to mature. MJ Packard/Colorado State Univ/Dept Biol/FT Collins, CO 80523 USA Journal Article Padilla-García, Ulises;Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando 1996 Geographic Distribution. Leptophis mexicanus septentrionalis Herpetological Review 27 4 213-214 Journal Article Padilla-García, Ulises;Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando 1996 Geographic Distribution. Imantodes gemmistratus Herpetological Review 27 4 213 Journal Article Painter, Charles W.;Hibbitts, Toby J. 1996 Thamnophis rufipunctatus (Narrow-headed garter snake). Maximum size Herpetological Review 27 3 147 Journal Article Painter, Charles W.;Tomberlin, Barney R.;Brastad, Jens Petter 1996 Heterodon nasicus kennerlyi (Mexican hognose snake). Maximum size Herpetological Review 27 4 203-204 Journal Article Painter, Charles W.;Jennings, Randy D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Lampropeltis triangulum celaenops Herpetological Review 27 4 213 Journal Article Paladino, Frank V.;Spotila, James R.;O'Connor, Michael P.;Gatten, Robert E., Jr 1996 Respiratory physiology of adult leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) while nesting on land Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 223-229 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; physiology; respiration; excercise; metabolism; oxygen consumption; thermoregulation; diving; allometry; Costa Rica Journal Article Paladino, F.V.;Spotila, J.R.;O'Connor, M.P.;Gatten, R.E.Jr. 1996 Respiratory physiology of adult leatherback turtles (Dermochleys coriacea) while nesting on land Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 223-229 leatherback Journal Article Palau, Juan C. 1996 La tortuga matamata [The matamata turtle] Reptilia 1 3 17-19 Chelus fimbriatus Journal Article Palà, Joan 1996 Spalerosophis diadema Reptilia 1 3 52-53;59 Spalerosophis diadema Book Palika, Liz 1996 The Consumer's Guide to Feeding Reptiles New York Howell Book House viii + 136 Journal Article Palis, John G. 1996 Ambystoma opacum (Marbled salamander). Communal nesting Herpetological Review 27 3 134 Journal Article Palis, J. G. 1996 Ambystoma opacum (marbled salamander). Communal nesting. Herpetological Review 27 134 Journal Article Paltanavicius, Selemonas 1996 Eine maßnahme zum schutz der amurnatter - ihre vermehrung im terrarium DATZ 49 1 5 Elaphe schrencki Journal Article Pandav, Bivash;Choudhury, Binod C. 1996 Diurnal and seasonal activity patters of water monitor (Varanus salvator) in the Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Orissa, India Hamadryad 21 4-12 Varanus salvator; Activity pattern; Mangroves; India Journal Article Pandolfi, Lucia 1996 A-Z animali ReptiMagazine 2 1 7-9 Journal Article Paperna, I.;Finkelman, S. 1996 Schellackia ptyodactyli sp n of the fan-footed gecko Ptyodactylus hasselquistii from the rift escarpment of the lower Jordan Valley Folia Parasitologica 43 3 161-172 Reptilia, sauria, fan-footed gecko Ptyodactylus hasselquistii, infection, protozoa, Schellackia ptyodactyli sp n. Schellackia ptyodacyli sp. n. is described from the fan-footed gecko Ptyodacylus hasselwuistii (Donndorf) found the lower Jordan Valley, Cis-Jordan. Endogenous development was studied in geckoes necropsied 7-11 days after being inoculated with blood containing sporozoites from naturally infected geckoes of the same species. Merogony and gamogony oogony stages, as well as sporozoites, are described by light and electron microscopy. Merogony stages, microgamonts and sporozoites conformed in fine structure to that of other eimerian coccidia, whereas wall forming bodies of the macrogamonts showed some divergence from the general pattern characteristic of eimerians and Schellackia cf. agamue. Merogony stages occurred simultaneously with gamonts and sporozoites. In the blood, sporozoites entered leucocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes. Parasitaemia persisted for up to 2 years in some naturally infected geckoes in captivity. I Paperna Hebrew Univ Jerusalem Fac Agr Dept Anim Sci IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel Journal Article Paperna, I.;Finkelman, S. 1996 Ultrastructural study of Sarcocystis muriviperae development in the intestine of its snake hosts Folia Parasitologica 43 1 13-19 Reptilia, serpentes, viper, Vipera palaestinae, Coluber jugularis, infection. protozoa, apicomplexa, Sarcocystis muriviperae The ultrastructure of the endogenous stages - merozoites, microgamonts, macrogamonts and oocysts, of Sarcocystis muriviperae from the snakes Vipera palaestinae and Coluber jugularis is described. Snakes were infected via white mice fed on sporocysts obtained from naturally infected snakes of the same species. Snakes examined 4 days post-infection contained only young and premature gamonts. Infection in snakes sacrificed on day 7 post-infection consisted predominantly of mature microgamonts and macrogamonts; snakes examined on day 10 post-infection revealed only oocysts. The fine structure of the endogenous stages from the two snakes, including size and contents of the wall-forming bodies, was identical, confirming their suggested conspecificity. Observed endogenous stages also conformed in their major details with the same developmental stages of other Sarcocystis species studied from other snakes and mammalian definitive hosts and from ill vitro culture. However, they differed from the latter in size and contents of the wall-forming bodies. The observed fertilization process was reminiscent of that described earlier in S. bovicanis. I Paperna/Hebrew Univ Jerusalem/Fac Agr/Dept Anim Sci/IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel Journal Article Papi, F.;Luschi, P. 1996 Pinpointing 'Isla Meta': The case of sea turtles and albatrosses Journal of Experimental Biology 199 1 65-71 navigation; homing; satellite tracking; sea turtles; albatrosses; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; SATELLITE TRACKING; TELEMETRY Journal Article Parham, James F.;Dodd, C. Kenneth;Zug, George R. 1996 Skeletochronological age estimates for the Red Hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti Journal of Herpetology 30 3 401-404 Phaeognathus hubrichti; Skeletochronology; Age determination Journal Article Parham, James F.;Zug, George R. 1996 Chelonia agassizii - Valid or not? Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 2-5 Chelonia agassizii Journal Article Parichy, D. M. 1996 Pigment patterns of larval salamanders (Ambystomatidae, Salamandridae): the role of the lateral line sensory system and the evolution of pattern-forming mechanisms Dev Biol 175 2 265-82 Ambystomatidae/embryology/*growth & development/physiology; Animal; Comparative Study; Embryo, Nonmammalian/growth & development/ultrastructure; Larva/growth & development/ultrastructure; Melanophores/*physiology; Phylogeny; Sense Organs/growth & development/*physiology; Skin Pigmentation/*physiology; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. In many species of salamanders, pigment cells derived from the neural crest give rise to a horizontal stripe pattern in hatchling larvae. A defining element of these horizontal stripe patterns is a region over the middle of the myotomes that is relatively free of melanophores. This study shows that formation of a "melanophore-free region" and horizontal stripe pattern in Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (family Ambystomatidae) correlates with the development of the trunk lateral line sensory system. Moreover, prevention of lateral line development results in greater densities of melanophores in the middle of the flank, essentially eliminating the melanophore-free region in this taxon. A phylogenetic survey also revealed that ablation of the lateral lines has qualitatively similar effects on melanophores in seven of eight additional taxa (Ambystomatidae: A. barbouri, A. maculatum, A. talpoideum; Salamandridae: Notophthalmus viridescens, Pleurodeles waltl, Taricha granulosa, T. rivularis). In Taricha torosa, however, a superficially similar melanophore-free region forms prior to lateral line development, and ablation of the lateral lines does not perturb the horizontal stripe pattern. Finally, heterospecific grafting experiments demonstrated that T. torosa lateral lines are competent to generate a melanophore-free region, and T. torosa melanophores are competent to respond to cues associated with the lateral lines. These results indicate that lateral line-dependent pattern-forming mechanisms are common and probably ancestral within the families Ambystomatidae and Salamandridae and suggest that these ancestral mechanisms have been retained in T. torosa as redundant, lateral line-dependent mechanisms for stripe formation have evolved. Journal Article Parichy, D. M. 1996 When neural crest and placodes collide: interactions between melanophores and the lateral lines that generate stripes in the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (Ambystomatidae) Dev Biol 175 2 283-300 Ambystoma/embryology/*growth & development; Animal; Basement Membrane/ultrastructure; Cell Lineage; Cell Movement; Chromatophores/physiology; Embryo, Nonmammalian/growth & development/ultrastructure; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism; Larva/growth & development/ultrastructure; Melanophores/*physiology; Microscopy, Electron; Neural Crest/*growth & development; Sense Organs/*growth & development; *Skin Pigmentation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. A prominent element of the early larval pigment pattern in the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (family Ambystomatidae) is a horizontal stripe over the lateral surface of the myotomes where otherwise abundant, neural crest-derived melanophores are not found. This study examines the formation of this "melanophore-free region". When the trunk lateral lines were ablated (by removing cranial lateral line placodes), the melanophore-free region did not form; instead, melanophores populated the middle of the flank and the distribution of yellow, neural chest-derived zanthophores was perturbed. Time-lapse videomicrography demonstrated that during normal development, the melanophore-free region is established because melanophores retreat from the midbody lateral line primordium as it migrates caudally along the inner side of the epidermis. Melanophores do not repopulate the middle of the flank after primordium migration and heterochronic grafting experiments suggest that extracellular factors contribute to maintaining the melanophore-free region during these later stages. Finally, photographic series, microsurgical manipulations, electron microscopy, and staining for molecules of the extracellular matrix (peanut agglutinin-binding components, tenascin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, fibronectin, laminin) suggest that several factors contribute to establishing and maintaining the melanophore-free region, including steric effects of the lateral lines, interactions between melanophores and xanthophores, lateral line-dependent alterations of the subepidermal basement membrane, and a general elaboration of the extracellular matrix. Lateral line effects on melanophores are inferred to be a shared, ancestral feature of pigment pattern development for the families Ambystomatidae and Salamandridae (D.M. Parichy, Dev. Biol. 174, 265-282. 1996). The results of this study thus provide insights into a phylogenetically primitive mechanism for stripe formation, and a context for interpreting evolutionary innovations in pattern-forming mechanisms. Journal Article Parker, William S. 1996 Age and survivorship of the slider (Trachemys scripta) and the mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) in a Mississippi farm pond Journal of Herpetology 30 2 266-268 Age class; Survivorship; Trachemys scripta; Kinosternon subrubrum Journal Article Parkham, James F.;C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr.;Zug, George R. 1996 Skeletochronological estimates for the red hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti Journal of Herpetology 30 3 401-404 Journal Article Pastors, Joachim 1996 Zum Bestandsrückgang der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) im Bergishen Land (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Naturschutzreport 11 1 131-137 Journal Article Patterson, Scott 1996 The captive care of leopard lizards Gambelia wislizenii Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 14 1 2 Gambelia wislizenii Journal Article Pauler, Ingo 1996 Arrau-schildkröten-projekt "El Frio" in Venezuela Elaphe 4 1 75 Journal Article Pauler, Ingo 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Faszinierende Schildkröten, Sumpfschildkröten Elaphe 4 2 53-54 Book review Journal Article Pauler, Ingo 1996 Ein schritt in die richtige Richtung Elaphe 4 2 1 Journal Article Paulissen, Mark A.;Walker, James M. 1996 Cnemidophorus burti stictogrammus (Giant spotted whiptail). Diet Herpetological Review 27 4 200-201 Journal Article Paulissen, Mark A.;Walker, James M. 1996 Cnemidophorus sackii gigas (Giant spotted whiptail). Diet Herpetological Review 27 1 20 Cnemidophorus sackii; Diet Journal Article Paulissen, Mark A.;Walker, James M. 1996 Cnemidophorus sackii sackii (Sack's spotted whiptail). Diet Herpetological Review 27 1 20 Cnemidophorus sackii; Diet Journal Article Pauwels, Oliver;Meirte, Danny 1996 Contribution to the knowledge of the Gambian herpetofauna British Herpetological Society Bulletin 56 27-34 Gambia; herpetofauna Journal Article Pauwels, Oliver 1996 Geographic Distribution. Grayia tholloni Herpetological Review 27 2 88 Journal Article Peare, T.;Parker, P.G. 1996 Local genetic structure within two rookeries of Chelonia mydas (the green turtle) Heredity 77 619-628 green; sex ratio; DNA Journal Article Penick, D.N.;Paladino, F.V.;Steyermark, A.C.;Spotila, J.R. 1996 Thermal dependence of tissue metabolism in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 113 3 293-296 green Journal Article Penna, M;Solís, R. 1996 Influence of burrow acoustics on sound reception by frogs Eupsphus (Leptodactylidae) Animal Behaviour 51 255-263 acoustic communication, advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, behavior, competition, habitat, Leptodactylidae, playback, propagation, sexual selection, territoriality, Journal Article Perälä, Jarmo 1996 Herpetologisia havaintoja Malesian niemimaalta, Sarawakista; Sabahista ja Singaporesta. OSa II: Penang Herpetomania 5 2 26-29 Journal Article Perälä, Jarmo 1996 Herpetologisia havaintoja Malesian niemimaalta, Sarawakista, Sabahista ja Singaporesta. Osa III: houmioita merinahkakilpikonnan soujelusta rantau abangissa (Terengganu) [Herpetological field studies in Singapore, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah & Sarawak 1994-95. Part III: Dermochelys coriacea in Rantau Abang (Terengganu)] Herpetomania 5 3-4 51-57 Dermochelys coriacea Book Section Perälä, Jarmo 1996 Etelä-Turkin maakilpikonnista Morfologisia ja ekologisia eroja (Testudo ibera Pallas 1814 & Testudo ibera anamurensis Weissinger 1987) sekä uuden maakilpikonnalajin kuvaus + 15 kuvaa Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 14-26 Testudo ibera Journal Article Perälä, Jarmo 1996 Tortoises in Southern Turkey: Morphological and ecological differences (Testudo ibera Pallas 1814 & Testudo ibera anamurensis Weissinger 1987) and the description of a new tortoise species Appendix to Herpetokongressi I - The Official Congress Publication 1-21 Testudo antakyensis sp. nov. Journal Article Perälä, Jarmo 1996 Kilpikonnien massamurha Ruotsissa Herpetomania 5 6 23-27 Testudo horsfeldi; Agrionemys horsfeldi Edited Book Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J.;Kanza, M. 1996 Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 42 Journal Article Perea, Daniel;Ubilla, Martín;Piñeiro, Graciela 1996 First fossil record (Late Miocene) of Phrynops (P. geoffroanus complex: Chelidae) from Uruguay: Biostratigraphical and paleoenvironmental context Copeia 1996 2 445-451 Phrynops geoffroanus complex; fossil; Uruguay Journal Article Perez Canellas, M. M.;Garcia Verdugo, J. M. 1996 Adult neurogenesis in the telencephalon of a lizard: a [3H]thymidine autoradiographic and bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemical study Brain Res Dev Brain Res 93 1-2 49-61 A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of adult neurogenesis in the telencephalon of a lizard was conducted using [3H]thymidine autoradiography and immunocytochemical detection of 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The sites of cell proliferation, the fate, and the phenotype of cells born in adulthood were determined by short and long survival experiments (7 and 30 days). Adult specimens of the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica (Sauria, Gekkonidae), received subcutaneous injections of either BrdU or [3H]thymidine. Seven days after BrdU administration most labelled cells were in the walls (ventricular zone; VZ) of the lateral ventricles, particularly close to the sulcal zones. Labelled cells in the VZ of other ventricles were practically absent. Following 30 days, labelled cells outside the VZ were seen in most telencephalic regions: olfactory bulbs (OB), medial, dorsal, and lateral cortices (MC, DC, LC), anterior dorsal ventricular ridge (ADVR), nucleus sphericus (NS), and striatum (St). Electron microscopic examination of [3H]thymidine labelled cells found in these areas revealed their neuronal identity. No labelled neurons were detected in the dorsomedial cerebral cortex (DMC), septum (Sp), or elsewhere in the telencephalon. We conclude that neurogenesis occur in most regions of the adult lizard telencephalon. The most intense neuronal production occurs in the MC. Other telencephalic regions, such as the OB, ADVR, and NS, also show a considerable rate of adult neurogenesis. We infer from our results that the new neurons are born in the walls of the lateral ventricles and then migrate to their destinations. Furthermore, we report some evidence suggesting that neurons formed in adulthood in the olfactory bulbs are generated in the distant proliferative VZ. The functional significance of neurogenesis in the telencephalon of adult lizards is unclear, but it seems to be restricted to areas that have been implicated in olfactory plasticity, learning, and memory. Journal Article Perkins, M.J.;Palmer, B.D. 1996 Histology and functional morphology of the oviduct of an oviparous snake, Diadophis punctatus Journal of Morphology 227 1 67-79 GARTER SNAKE; THAMNOPHIS-SIRTALIS; STORAGE; LIZARD; SPERM; TRANSPORT; CYCLE Journal Article Perry, Travis W.;Hauer, Grechen 1996 Tantilla nigriceps (Plains black-headed snake). Maximum size and size variation Herpetological Review 27 4 205-206 Journal Article Perry, G. 1996 The evolution of sexual dimorphism in the lizard Anolis polylepis (Iguania): Evidence from intraspecific Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 1238-1245 sexual selection, dimorphism Journal Article Peter, Wolfgang P. 1996 Reptilienausverkauf in Vietnam DATZ 49 5 302-305 Journal Article Peter, M. C. S.;Sutharam, K. K.;Oommen, O. V. 1996 In vitro effects of thyroid and gonadal hormones on the activity of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes in a teleost (Anabas testudineus Bloch) and an apodan amphibian (Gegenophis carnosus Beddome) Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy Part B Biological Sciences 62 2 71-79 Anabas Testudineus; Gegenophis Carnosus; Endocrine System; Alpha-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase; Enzyme; Cytochrome Oxidase; Enzyme; L-Thyroxine; Triiodo-L-Thyroxine; Testosterone; Estradiol; Liver Mitochondria; Thyroid Hormones; Gonadal Hormones The specific activity of two important oxidative enzymes - viz. cytochrome oxidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) - in isolated hepatic mitochondria of a telecost, Anabas testudineus and an apodan amphibian, Gegenophis carnosus was investigated in response to the in vitro administration of thyroid and gonadal hormones. Addition of different concentrations of L-thyroxine (T-4), triiodo-L-thyronine (T-3), testosterone (T) or estradiol 17 beta (E-2) in vitro to liver mitochondria prepared from normal male/female fish and apodans significantly stimulated the activity of cytochrome oxidase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH). The activity of cytochrome oxidase and alpha-GPDH in the mitochondria isolated from thiouracil-pretreated fish and apodans was also stimulated by thyroid hormones. It is suggested that thyroid and gonadal hormones have a direct influence on mitochondrial metabolism of these two non-mammalian vertebrate species. Journal Article Peters, Eric L. 1996 Estimating energy metabolism of goldfish (Carassius auratus) and Southern toads (Bufo terrestris) from 86Rb elimination rates Copeia 1996 4 791-804 Bufo terrestris; Energy metabolism Journal Article Peters, Eric L.;Brisbin, I. Lehr 1996 Environmental influences on the 137Cs Kinetics of the Yellow-bellied turtle (Trachemys scripta) Ecological Monographs 66 1 115-136 Journal Article Peters, Eric L.;Brisbin, I. Lehr 1996 Environmental influences on the 137Cs kinetics of the yellow-bellied turtle (Trachemys scripta) Ecological Monographs 66 115-136 biogeochemistry, biotic concentrations, cesium 137, contaminant modeling, diet, kinetics modeling, model sensitivity analysis, physiological ecology, radioecology, radionuclides, richards sigmoid model, stochastic model, testudines, thermal ecology, trachemys scripta Journal Article Peters, James A. n.d. Career Opportunities for the Herpetologist Distributed by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists 1-4 Journal Article Peterson, A. Townsend;Nieto-Montes de Oca, Adrián 1996 Sympatry in Abronia (Squamata: Anguidae) and the problem of Mario del Toro Avilés' specimens Journal of Herpetology 30 2 260-262 Abronia; Mexico Journal Article Peterson, Chris L.;Wilkinson, Robert F. 1996 Home range size of the hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) in Missouri Herpetological Review 27 3 126-127 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis Journal Article Peterson, Karl H. 1996 The global decline in amphibisn species: A perceptual deficit in the zoo and conservation community Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 2 22-26 Journal Article Peterson, Eric 1996 The importance of full spectrum lighting East Texas Herpetological Society Newsletter 8 1 29-30 Journal Article Peterson, Charles C. 1996 Anhomeostasis: Seasonal water and solute relations in two populations of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) during chronic drought Physiological Zoology 69 6 1324-1358 Journal Article Peterson, C. C. 1996 Ecological energetics of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizi): Effects of rainfall and drought Ecology 77 1831-1844 tortoise, turtle, energetics, north america, united states, deserts, drought, rainfall Journal Article Peterson, K. H. 1996 The global decline in amphibians species: a perceptual deficit in the zoo and conservation community Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 22-26 zoos, conservation, amphibian decline Journal Article Pether, J.;Edwards, E. 1996 The shingleback skink (Tiliqua rugosa) Reptilian 4 8 50-54 Tiliqua rugosa Journal Article Pether, Jim 1996 Bartagamen Reptilia 1 1 14-16 Pogona vitticeps Journal Article Pether, Jim 1996 Dragones Barbudos Reptilia 2 3 47-50 Pogona Journal Article Pettanbrewer, K.C.B.;Drew, M.L.;Ramsay, E.;Mohr, F.C.;Lowenstine, L.J. 1996 Herpesvirus particles associated with oral and respiratory lesions in a California desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32 3 521-526 Reptilia, testudines, California desert tortoise, Gopherus (Xerobates) agassizii, infection, herpesvirus, respiratory tract A 60-year-old captive California desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) which died in August 1990 at the University of California, Davis, California (USA), during treatment for colonic impaction had marked caseous necrosis of the oral cavity, choana, trachea, and lungs. Numerous intranuclear inclusion bodies and a large number of syncytial giant cells were seen in the oral cavity and respiratory tract along with bacterial granulomas. Pasteurella testudinis, Streptococcus viridans, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were cultured from the lesions. Using electron microscopy, herpesvirus particles were observed in intranuclear inclusions and cytoplasm. Viral stomatitis, tracheitis, and bronchopneumonia complicated by bacterial infection were diagnosed. Although respiratory disease is common in desert tortoises, this is believed to be the first report of association with a viral infection. KCB Pettanbrewer, Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA Journal Article Péfaur, Jaime E. 1996 Book review: guide to the Frogs of the Iquitos Region, Amazonian Peru Herpetological Review 27 3 159 Book review Edited Book Péfaur, Jaime E. 1996 Herpetología Neotropical: Actas del II Congreso Latinamericano de Herpetología. II Volumen Merida, Venezuela Universidad de los Andes 452 p. Journal Article Pérez, Alejandro 1996 El veneno multicolor Dendrobates Reptilia 1 3 26-30 Dendrobates Book Pérez Chávez, Mario Saúl;Bayona Celis, Armando;Pérez Orona, Melesio 1996 Aves de Aguascalientes El Encino, Mexico CIEMA, A.C. 138 Journal Article Pérez de Ana, Juan Manuel 1996 Observaciones de anfibios y reptiles en el norte de Burgos y el este de Cantabria Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 13 Journal Article Pérez-Quintero, Juan Carlos 1996 Reproductive characteristics of thre Mediterranean lizards: Psammodromus algirus (L.), Psammodromus hispanicus Fitzinger and Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Schinz) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 197-208 Psammodromus algirus; Psammodromus hispanicus; Acanthodactylus erythrurus; Reproductive characteristics Journal Article Pérez-Santos, Carlos 1996 Serpientes de Panama Reptilia 2 4 30-33 Panama Journal Article PFEIFFER, C. J. 1996 ASTRONEWTS IN SPACE: OBSERVATIONS ON PATHOLOGY AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF JAPANESE NEWTS CYNOPS PYRRHOGASTER ON BOARD THE SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 3 13 Amphibia, caudata, newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, pathology, development, weightless Journal Article Pfeiffer, Carl J. 1996 Astronewts in space: observations on pathology and early development of Japanese Newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster, on-board the space shuttle, Columbia Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 3 13-17 Journal Article Philippen, Hans Dieter 1996 Buchbesprechung: Schildkröten im Gartenteich Sauria 18 4 44-46 Book review Journal Article Phillips, Christopher A.;Dimmick, Walter W.;Carr, John L. 1996 Conservation genetics of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) Conservation Biology 10 2 397-405 Chelydra serpentina; conservation genetics; population genetics; taxonomy; phylogeny Journal Article Phillips, Chris 1996 Book Review: Citations for the Original Descriptions of North American Amphibians and Reptiles Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 4 61 Book Review Journal Article Pianka, G.;Pianka, E. R.;Thompson, G. G. 1996 Egg laying by thorny devils (Moloch horridus) under natural conditions in the Great Victorian Desert Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 79 195-197 incubation, nesting, Australia, Agamidae Book Section Pianka, E. R. 1996 Long-term changes in lizard assemblages in the Great Victorian Desert: Dynamic habitat mosaics in response to wildfires Cody, M. L. and Smallwood, J. Long-term studies of vertebrate communities New York Academic Press, Inc. 191-215 Australia, niche, competition, food, habitat, microhabitat Journal Article Pianka, G. A.;Pianka, Eric R.;Thompson, G. G. 1996 Egg laying by thorny devils (Moloch horridus) under natural conditions in the Great Victorian Desert Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 79 195-197 Book Section Pianka, Eric R. 1996 Long-term changes in lizard assemblages in the Great Victorian Desert: Dynamic habitat mosaics in response to wildfires Long-term Studies of vertebrate Communities San Diego, CA Academic Press 191-215, 1 plate Journal Article Pickersgill, Martin 1996 The status of Afrixalus unicolor (Boettger, 1913) (Anura, Ayperoliidae); Part 1 The Herptile 21 2 79-84 Afrixalus unicolor Journal Article Pickersgill, Martin 1996 The status of Afrixalus unicolor (Boettger, 1913) (Anura, Hyperoliidae) The Herptile 21 3 91-94 Afrixalus unicolor Journal Article Pickersgill, Martin 1996 Rinkhals The Herptile 21 1 23-28 Hemachatus haemachatus Journal Article Pieau, C. 1996 Temperature variation and sex determination in reptiles Bioessays 18 1 19-26 reproduction, temperature, sex, In many species of reptiles, sex is determined at fertilization by zygotic sex chromosome composition. In other species, including all crocodilians, most turtles and some lizards, sex is determined by temperature during the earlier stages of gonadal differentiation. The effects of exogenous estrogens, antiestrogens and aromatase inhibitors at different temperatures have unambiguously demonstrated the involvement of estrogens in sexual differentiation of the gonads. Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens. Gonadal aromatase activity is well correlated with gonadal structure. It increases exponentially in differentiating ovaries, whereas it remains low in differentiating testes. Moreover, there is a high correlation between the thermosensitive periods for both ovary differentiation and increase in aromatase activity. We suggest that a thermosensitive factor intervenes, directly or indirectly, in the transcriptional regulation of the aromatase gene in reptiles with temperature dependent sex determination. Journal Article Pieper, Kevin 1996 The reproductive phenology of several Ozark amphibians Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 66-73 Journal Article Pierini, S. V.;Warrell, D. A.;de Paulo, A.;Theakston, R. D. 1996 High incidence of bites and stings by snakes and other animals among rubber tappers and Amazonian Indians of the Jurua Valley, Acre State, Brazil Toxicon 34 2 225-36 Among forest-dwelling Amazonian Indians and rubber tappers (seringueiros) of the Jurua valley in Acre State, north-western Brazil, snakebite is an important cause of morbidity and death. Overall, 13% of a surveyed population had been bitten during their lifetime. Seventeen per cent of Katukina Indians, but only 8% of Ashaninkas, had been bitten by snakes reflecting, perhaps, different levels of traditional knowledge of the forest and its dangers. Most bites occurred in the jungle or on jungle trails (56%), while people were working (41%) or walking (26%), and were inflicted on the feet (54%). Ninety per cent of bite victims received treatment, usually traditional (93%); the majority (80%) recovered fully. Mortality was estimated at about 400 deaths per 100,000 population per lifetime. Bites and stings from other venomous forest and river animals, especially the freshwater sting ray (Potamotrygon sp.), were also extremely common. One death from an ant bite was recorded. Journal Article Pietsch, Andreas 1996 Nachzucht von Trachemys scripta elegans Elaphe 4 4 23-24 Trachemys scripta elegans Edited Book Pikulik, M. M. 1996 [Amphibians & Reptiles of the Belarus Republic] Minsk 240 p. Journal Article Pinney, Roy 1996 The New York Herpetological Society: A history Vivarium 7 5 38-40 Journal Article Pino, Juan J.;Pino, Rubén 1996 Hallazgo de un ejemplar de Dermochelys coriacea en la playa de Barra, Pontevedra Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 6 Journal Article Platt, Steven G.;Snyder, William E. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Trachemys scripta elegans Herpetological Review 27 3 151 Journal Article Platt, T. R.;Blair, D. 1996 Two new species of Uterotrema (Digenea: Spirorchidae) parasitic in Emydura krefftii (Testudines: Chelidae) from Australia J Parasitol 82 2 307-11 Two new species of Uterotrema (Digenea: Spirorchidae) are described from Emydura krefftii in northern Queensland, Australia. Both new species are smaller than the only previously described member of the genus and possess an oral sucker/ventral sucker ratio > 1. Uterotrema burnsi n. sp. possesses a thin, elongate uterus that is 25% of the total body length. The uterus of Uterotrema kreffti n. sp. is shorter, and it possesses vitellaria and a vitelline reservoir, neither of which were reported in the type species. Although reported here as distinct species they may represent a single species that sequentially changes reproductive roles during development in the definitive host. Journal Article Plotkin, Pamela T.;Owens, David Wm.;Byles, Richard A.;Patterson, Rhonda 1996 Departure of male olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from a nearshore breeding ground Herpetologica 52 1 1-7 Lepidochelys olivacea; Breeding ground; Reproductive behavior; Telemetry Journal Article Plotkin, Pamela T. 1996 Occurrence and diet of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 78-80 Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Caretta caretta; Diet Journal Article Plotkin, P.T.;Owens, D. W.;Byles, R.;Patterson, R.M. 1996 Departure of male olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) form a nearshore breeding ground Herpetologica 52 1 1-7 ridley; migration Journal Article Plummer, Michael V. 1996 Heterodon platirhinos (Eastern hognose snake). Mortality Herpetological Review 27 3 146 Journal Article Plummer, Michael V. 1996 Rates of metabolism and water flux in free-ranging racers, Coluber constrictor Copeia 1996 1 8-14 Coluber constrictor; Water flux; Metabolism Journal Article Plummer, Michael V.;Mills, Nathan E. 1996 Observations on trailing and mating behaviors in hognose snakes (Heterodon platirhinos) Journal of Herpetology 30 1 80-82 Heterodon platirhinos; Trailing; Mating Journal Article Plummer, Michael V. 1996 Heterodon platirhinos (Eastern hognose snake). Defensive behavior Herpetological Review 27 1 24 Heterodon platirhinos; Densive behavior Journal Article Plummer, P.R.;Snyder, D.E.;Underwood, W.J.;Smith, R.C. 1996 Parasitic organisms found in a South African clawed toad Laboratory Animal Science 46 6 676-678 Amphibia, anura, South African clawed toad, infection, helminth, protozoa, survey RC Smith, Lilly Res Labs, Anim Sci Discovery Res, POB 708, Greenfield, IN 46140 USA Journal Article Plummer, M. V.;Congdon, J. D. 1996 Rates of metabolism and water flux in free-ranging racers, Coluber constrictor Copeia 1996 8-14 Colubridae, snakes, temperate zone, energetics, movement Journal Article Plytycz, Barbara;Jozkowicz, Alicia;Chadzinska, Magdalena;Bigaj, Janusz 1996 Longevity of yellow-bellied toads (Bombina variegata) and the efficiency of their immune system Naturschutzreport 11 1 77-84 Journal Article Podloucky, Richard 1996 Niedersächsisches Artenschutzprogramm "Gelbbauchunke": Ein Überblick über historische Verbreitung, Ist-Zustand und Zukunft Naturschutzreport 11 1 242-247 Journal Article Podloucky, Richard 1996 Zur situation der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) in Niedersachsen Naturschutzreport 11 1 101-106 Journal Article Poe, Steven 1996 Data set incongruence and the phylogeny of Crocodilians Systematic Biology 45 4 393-414 Crocodilians; Evolution; Phylogeny Journal Article Poe, S. 1996 Data set incongruence and the phylogeny of crocodilians System. Biol. 45 4 393-414 CROC, taxonomy, genetics, Published sets of systematic data on crocodilians (18S and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA restriction fragments, mitochondrial rDNA restriction fragments, 12S mitochondrial rDNA sequences, osteology, external morphology, dentition, nest type, albumin, parasites) were used to test hypotheses of data set incongruence and phylogeny. Comparing incongruence indices between molecular versus molecular data set comparisons and molecular versus morphological data set comparisons showed the morphological/molecular comparisons to be significantly more incongruent, and experiments removing taxa suggested that morphological incongruence can be localized to the separation of Gavialis from Tomistoma. Significance tests of incongruence between the five larger crocodilian data sets relative to each other and to combined data sets supported these hypotheses and demonstrated that only 1 (12S sequences vs. morphology) of the 10 pairwise comparisons of data sets show significant incongruence. Three hypotheses of crocodilian phylogeny were evaluated using combined parsimony analysis, separate parsimony analyses, and evaluation of uncombinable data. The (alligatorids(crocodylids(Gavialis, Tomistoma))) hypothesis of crocodilian relationships was best supported. Although this hypothesis is not supported by one of the molecular data sets and requires additional morphological homoplasy beyond that required in most-parsimonious trees based on morphology, other hypotheses require even more homoplasy, and any particular hypothesis of crocodilian evolution requires additional homoplasy in more than one data set. Alligatorid relationships were robustly supported in both combined and separate analyses. Crocodylus relationships were not well resolved in most-parsimonious trees from any individual data set but were completely resolved in the combined analysis. Journal Article Poland, Roger H.C.;Hall, Graham B.;Smith, M. 1996 Turtles and tourists: a hands-on experience of conservation for sixth formers from King's College, Taunto, on the Ionian island of Zakynthos Journal of Biological Education 20 2 120-128 loggerhead; tourism Journal Article Polisar, John 1996 Reproductive biology of a flood-season nesting freshwater turtle of the northern neotropics: Dermatemys mawii in Belize Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 13-25 Reptilia; Testudines; Dermatemydidae; Dermatemys mawii; Turtle; Ecology; Reproduction; Nesting; Egg immersion; Belize Journal Article Poly, William J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eurycea cirrigera Herpetological Review 27 1 28 Journal Article Poly, William J.;Noggle, Robert A. 1996 Terrapene carolina carolina. Habitat Herpetological Review 27 2 78 Journal Article Pombal, José P., Jr.;Bastos, Rogério P. 1996 Nova espécie de Scinax Wagler, 1830 do Brasil Central (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) Boletim do Museu Nacional Zoologia 371 1-11 Scinax centralis n. sp. Journal Article Ponce-Campos, P.;Huerta-Ortega, S. M. 1996 Contribution to the status of 'caiman' or "river crocodile" (Crocodylus acutus) in the Jalisco Coast, Mexico Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 2 20-21 Crocodylus acutus Journal Article Porras, Louis 1996 Exquiaite!!! A kaleidoscope of colors: Honduran milks snakes Lampropeltis tringulum hondurensis Vivarium 7 5 28-37 Lampropeltis triangulum hondurensis Journal Article Porto, Marcovan;Fernandes, Ronaldo 1996 Variation and natural history of the snail-eating snake Dipsas neivai (Colubridae: Xenodontinae) Journal of Herpetology 30 2 269-271 Dipsas neivai; Variation; Morphology; Natural history Journal Article Potts, Ryan 1996 Just where did that damn herp get to? The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 173-175 Journal Article Pounds, J. Alan;Fogden, Michael P. 1996 Conservation of the golden toad: a brief history British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 5-7 Bufo periglenes Journal Article Pounds, J. Alan;fogden, Michael P. L.;Savage, Jay M.;Gorman, George C. 1996 Tests of null models for amphibian declines on a tropical mountain Conservation Biology 11 6 1037-1322 undisturbed montane habitats, Monteverde region, multi-species population crash, probabilistic null model, Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni, Centrolenella prosoblepon Edited Book Powell, Robert;Henderson, Robert W. 1996 Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz St. Louis, MO SSAR 457 West Indies Journal Article Powell, Robert 1996 Recent literature on geckos Dactylus 3 1 40-42 Journal Article Poynton, J. C. 1996 Diversity and conservation of African bufonids (Anura): Some preliminary findings Journal of the Herpetological Association of Africa 45 1 1-7 Bufonidae; Africa; Conservation; Diversity Journal Article Preen, Anthony R. 1996 Infaunal mining: a novel foraging method of loggerhead turtles Journal of Herpetology 30 1 94-96 Caretta caretta; foraging Journal Article Preihs, Thomas 1996 Unfälle mit Giftschlangen - ein Biß von Agkistrodon c. contortrix Elaphe 4 3 88-89 Agkistrodon contortrix; Snakebite Journal Article Preihs, Th. 1996 Accidents with poisonous snakes: a bite from Agkistrodon c. contotrix Elaphe 4 3 88-89 reptilia squamata serpentes viperidae crotalinae, Agkistrodon, poisoning, intoxication, bite DGB VET WS 06-09-96 Reptielen 198 Journal Article Prezant, Ross 1996 Green iguana nutrition and care Reptiles 4 12 40-47 Iguana iguana Journal Article Price, Robert 1996 Book Review: Reptile and Amphibian Variants East Texas Herpetological Society Newsletter 8 1 10 Book Review Journal Article Price, Thomas 1996 Zur weiteren Kenntnis von Bradypodion uthmoelleri (Müller, 1938) aus Tansania [Further contributions to the knowledge of Bradypodion uthmoelleri (Müller, 1938) from Tanzania] Salamandra 32 3 199-202 Reptilia; sauria; Chamaeleonidae; Bradypodion uthmoelleri; distribution; habitat; behvaior; captive breeding Journal Article Price, Andrew H.;Painter, Charles W.;Degenhardt, William G. 1996 Corrigenda to Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico, by W. G. Degenhardt, C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price, published by the University of New Mexico Press, July, 1996 Herpetological Review 27 4 173 New Mexico Journal Article Price, H. 1996 Veterinary treatment of reptiles Veterinary Record 138 7 168 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, pathology, therapy, survay H Price, 2 Tudor Court, Eye IP23 7PZ, Suffolk, England Journal Article Prince, Robert I. T.;Crane, Kevin C. 1996 First records of stranded juvenile flatback turtles, and some new records of stranded juvenile hawksbill turtles from the southwest coast of Western Australia Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 5-8 Chelonia mydas; Eretmochelys imbricata Journal Article Prince, Robert I. T. 1996 Loss of tags from growing juvenile loggerhead turtles in captivity Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 8-10 Caretta caretta Journal Article Prior, Kent;Shilton, Catherine M. 1996 Post-hibernation mortality in black rat snakes, Elaphe o. obsoleta Journal of Herpetology 30 2 275-278 Elaphe obsoleta; mortality; hibernation Journal Article Prior, Kent A.;Weatherhead, Patrick J. 1996 Habitat features of black rat snake hibernacula in Ontario Journal of Herpetology 30 2 211-218 Elaphe obsoleta; habitat; hibernacula Journal Article Pritchard, Peter 1996 Un livre de référence La Tortue 36 10-15 Galapagos Islands Journal Article Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1996 The Galápagos Tortoises: Nonmenclatural and survival status Chelonian Research Monographs 1 1-85 Geochelone nigra Journal Article Pritchard, Peter C.H. 1996 Are leatherbacks really threatened with extinction? Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 303-306 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; status; Conservation; endangered; extinction Journal Article Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1996 The Galápagos Tortoises: Nomenclatural and Survival Status Chelonian Research Monographs 1 1-85 Geochelone nigra; Galapagos Islands; Conservation; Taxonomy Journal Article Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1996 How many i's in kempi(i)? They're all wrong - or all right Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 10-13 Lepidochelys kempii Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1996 World's rarest sea turtle finds nesting ground in Volusia County Florida Naturalist 69 2 13 Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1996 Sea turtle conservation: science or guesswork? Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1996 Kemp's ridley, lost in France, returns to Florida Florida Naturalist 69 2 13,22 Journal Article Pritchard, P.C.H. 1996 Five year status reviews of sea turtles listed under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 - Olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) Journal Article Pritz, M.B. 1996 Spinally projecting neurons of the dorsal column nucleus in a reptile locus of origin and trajectory of termination Brain Beh. Evol. 47 3 138-148 CCr, anatomy, nervous, Interconnections between the dorsal column nucleus and the spinal cord were investigated in a reptile, Caiman crocodilus. After placement of an anterograde tracer into the dorsal column nucleus, descending fibers are seen to leave this nucleus to enter the dorsal funiculus where they course ventrally to terminate in lamina V of the spinal cord as far caudally as C2. Placement of a retrograde tracer into cut fibers of the cervical spinal cord identified the relay cells of the dorsal column nucleus that project to the spinal cord. These neurons were mainly clustered in a caudal and ventral part of this nucleus. The soma of these spinally projecting cells were small and were generally round or oval in shape. A number of these neurons had the long axis of their soma oriented dorsoventrally, with a primary dendrite extending dorsally. Fibers in the dorsal funiculus that originated from the spinal cord enter the caudal part of the dorsal column nucleus and rum ventral. In the dorsal column nucleus, these axons run parallel to the vertically oriented dendrites of these spinally projecting cells before termination in close relation to the cell bodies of these neurons. Quantitative observations (mean +/ standard error) were made on well labeled neurons and included several measurements: area, perimeter, and degree of eccentricity (greatest width/greatest length) in both the transverse as well as the sagittal plane. These spinally projecting neurons in Caiman are located in the dorsal column nucleus in a position similar to that of spinally projecting cells in cats. Book Prokopenko, M. S. 1996 [Why does the Crocodile Cry?] Moscow 214 Journal Article Proudfoot, Glenn;McCoid, Michael James 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 2 87 Journal Article Ptacek, Margaret B. 1996 Interspecific similarity in life-history traits in sympatric populations of gray treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis and Hyla versicolor Herpetologica 52 3 323-332 Hyla chrysoselis; Hyla versicolor; Larval development; Life history characyers; Character convergence Journal Article Pukay, B.P. 1996 Information by prescription: Client information handouts for the practitioner; Exotics-reptiles, pocket pets and others. - Pet birds Canadian Veterinary Journal - Revue Veterinaire Canadienne 37 12 734 Mammalia, aves, reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, pisces BP Pukay, Bayview Anim Hosp, 101A Champagne Ave, Ottawa, on K1S 4P3, Canada Journal Article Puorto, Giuseppe;Salomão, Maria da Graça;Laporta-Ferreira, Iara Lucia 1996 The quantity of venom produced and injected by juvenile and adult Bothrops jararaca (Viperidae), Crotalinae) The Snake 27 2 140-144 Journal Article Puskar, Allan M. 1996 The timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus Reptiles 4 4 16-30 Crotalus horridus Journal Article Pyke, G.H.;Osborne, W. S. 1996 The Green & Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea Biology and Conservation Australian Zoologist 30 2 132-258 Litoria aurea; Anura; Conservation; Natural history Journal Article Qualls, C. P.;Shine, R. 1996 Reconstructing ancestral reaction norms: an example using the evolution of reptilian viviparity Functional Ecology 10 688-697 reproduction, life history, skink, Lerista, oviparity, live-bearing, phenotypic plasticity Journal Article Qualls, C. P.;Shine., R. 1996 Reconstructing ancestral reaction norms: an example using the evolution of reptilian viviparity Funct. Ecol. 10 688-692 Journal Article Queiroz, Kevin de 1996 Notes and Comments including the Characters of Interest During Tree Reconstruction and the Problems of Circularity and Bias in Studies of Character Evolution The American Naturalist 148 4 700-708 Journal Article Quero, Mirna;Velasco, Alvaro 1996 Pausa ecologica para 1996 en el Programa Aprovechamiento de Babas [Ecological pause for caiman harvest] Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 14-15 Journal Article Quinn, T. W.;Mindell, D. P. 1996 Mitochondrial gene order adjacent to the control region in crocodile, turtle, and tuatara Mol Phylogenet Evol 5 2 344-51 We used the polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of mitochondrial gene junctions adjacent to the 5' end of the control region (light strand orientation) and the 3' end of ND6 to assess whether a representative crocodilian, turtle, or tuatara shares a unique mitochondrial gene order that is found in birds but not in mammals or amphibians. Turtles and crocodiles have the same gene order as mammals, except that crocodile has a tRNAPhe gene inserted between tRNAPro and the 5' end of the control region. Two different arrangements were detected at the 5' end of the control region in the tuatara, one resembling the mammalian (but with tRNAThr absent) and one resembling the avian gene order. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that some tuatara mtDNAs within a single individual have undergone a deletion that removed the genes coding for cytochrome b and tRNAPro as well as 87 bp of the control region. Journal Article Rabatsky, Ali M.;Farrell, Terence M. 1996 The effects of age and light level on foraging posture and frequency of caudal luring in the rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius barbouri Journal of Herpetology 30 4 558-561 Sistrurus miliarius barbouri; foraging posture; age; light level; caudal luring Journal Article Rahmel, Ulf;Rykena, Silke 1996 Untersuchungen zum modifikatorischen Einfluß der Eizeitigungstemperatur auf die Ausbildung von Schuppenmerkmalen bei der Zauneidechse (Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758) [Influence of incubation temperature on the pholidosis of Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758] Salamandra 32 2 73-84 Lacerta agilis; Reptilia; Sauria; incubation; temperaturs; squamation; intraspecific differences Journal Article Raidal, S. R.;Prince, R. I. T. 1996 First confirmation of multiple fibropapillomas in a western Australian green turtle (Chelonia mydas) Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 7-9 Chelonia mydas Journal Article Rainbolt, Raymond E. 1996 Geochelone gigantea (Aldabra Giant Tortoise). Predation Herpetological Review 27 4 199 Journal Article Ramadan, N.F.;Saoud, M.F.A.;Mohammed, S.H.;Fawzi, S.M. 1996 Haemogregarina damiettae sp n, a blood parasite of the lacertid Acanthodactylus boskianus in Egypt Acta Parasitologica 41 2 76-80 Reptilia, sauria, Acanthodactylus boskianus, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, Haemogregarina damiettae sp n. During a recent survey on the protozoan blood parasites of some Egyptian reptiles, 61.04% of Acanthodactylus boskianus collected from Damietta Governorate had a hitherto undescribed species of haemogregarine which is described below as Haemogregarina damiettae sp. n. The parasitaemia was exceptionally high, allowing for detailed morphological study of various blood forms of the parasite, These stages are compared with the corresponding forms described before from Bose's lizard. NF Ramadan, AIN Shams Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Cairo, Ar, Egypt Journal Article Ramirez-Bautista, Aurelio;Luois Guillette, Jr.;Gutierrez-Mayen, G.;Uribe-Peña, Zeferino 1996 Reproductive biology of the lizard Eumeces copei (Lacertilia: Scincidae) from the Eje Neovolcanico, Mexico The Southwestern Naturalist 41 2 103-110 Journal Article Ramírez Pinilla, Martha Patricia;Laurent, Raymond F. 1996 Apparent reproductive bimodality in Liolaemus alticolor alticolor (Reptilia: Sauria) Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 1 1-13 Journal Article Ramírez-Bautista, A.;Beck, D. D. 1996 El escorpion, lagartija venenosa de México Información Científica y Tecnológica 18 24-28 Heloderma, horridum. Mexico, lizard, venom Book Ramus, Erica 1996 1996-1997 Directory: The Herpetology Sourcebook Pottsville, PA Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 414 Journal Article Ramus, Erica 1996 Book review: A Natural History of Amphibians Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 28-31 book review Book Ranger, Susan;Richardson, Peter n.d. Marine Turtles of Sri Lanka Colombo Coastal Zone Management Programme, GTZ, & Turtle Conservation Project 13 Journal Article Rao, R. J.;Sahu, B. K.;Behera, S. K.;Pandit, R. K. 1996 Pollution studies of the Ganga River Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 11 Crocodilians; Pollution; India Journal Article Rasmussen, Jens Bødtker 1996 Maxillary tooth number in the African tree-snakes genus Dipsadoboa Journal of Herpetology 30 2 297-300 Maxillary tooth number; Dipsadoboa; Africa Journal Article Rassmann, Kornelia 1996 Surviving Atlantis: The molecular evolution of the Galapagos iguanas Iguana Times 5 4 82-86 galapagos Islands; Evolution; Conolophus subcristatus; Amblyrhynchus cristatus Journal Article Rastegar-Pouyani, N. 1996 A new species of Asaccus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the Zagros Mountains, Kermanshahan Province, Western Iran Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 11-17 Sauria; Gekkonidae; Asaccus kermanshahensis sp. nov.; distribution; Kermanshahan Province; Zagros Mountains; Iran Journal Article Rath, S.;Mishra, S.;Dutta, S. K. 1996 Morphometric and sex ratio analysis of Indian tree frog, Polypedates maculatus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) Zoo's print 11 5 23-29 Polypedates maculatus; India Journal Article Rathbun, Galen B.;Murphey, Thomas G. 1996 Evaluation of a radio-belt for ranid frogs Herpetological Review 27 4 187-189 radio telemetry; radio-belt Journal Article Raufman, J.P. 1996 Bioactive peptides from lizard venoms Regulatory Peptides 61 1 1-18 Gila monster venom; helospectin; helodermin; exendin; Heloderma suspectum; Heloderma horridum; VASOACTIVE-INTESTINAL-PEPTIDE; GILA MONSTER VENOM; HELODERMIN-LIKE PEPTIDES; RAT PANCREATIC ACINI; GUINEA-PIG PANCREAS; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; MEXICAN BEADED LIZARD; THYROID-HORMONE SECRETION; HUMAN SUP-T1 LYMPHOBLASTS; PREFERRING VIP RECEPTORS Journal Article Raulio, Johanna 1996 Kilpikonnien yleismmät sairaudet Herpetomania 5 3-4 14-23 Disease; Testudo Journal Article Raulio, Johanna 1996 Kuningasboa Boa constrictor Herpetomania 5 5 5-12 Boa constrictor Journal Article Ravichandran, S.;Pillai, R. S. 1996 Present status of Indian caecilians (Gymnophiona: amphibia) Zoo's print 11 5 1;3 India; Gymnophiona Journal Article Ravichandran, M. S.;Pillai, R. S. 1996 Present status of Indian caecilians (Gymnophiona: Amphibia) Zoos' Print 11 5 1;3 Journal Article Ravkin, Yury S.;Panov, Victor V.;Vartapetov, Lev G.;Yudkin, Vladimir A.;Dobrotvorsky, Andrey K.;Toropov, Konstantin V.;Pokrovskaya, Irina V.;Zhukov, Victor S.;Sapogov, Andrei V.;Tzybulin, Sergei M.;Blinova, Tatiana K.;Fomin, Boris N.;Bogomolova, Irina N.;Shor, Evgeny L.;Starikov, Vladimir P.;Sheftel, Boris I.;Soloviev, Sergei A.;Anufriev, Vladimir M.;Bobkov, Yury V.;Tertitsky, Grigory M.;Lukianova, Inna V. 1996 Characteristics of amphibian distribution in the West Siberian Plain Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 67-90 Salamandrella; Triturus; Bufo; Rana; Pelobates Journal Article Ray, Pranjalendu 1996 Amphibian diversity in and around Tehri Dam Site, UP India Zoo's print 11 5 6 India Journal Article Ray, Pranjalendu 1996 Amphibian diversity in and around Tehri Dam Site, UP, India Zoos' Print 11 5 6 Journal Article Read, A. W. 1996 Mating in Pleurodeles waltl British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 44 Pleurodeles waltl Journal Article Read, Mark A.;Grigg, Gordon C.;Limpus, Colin J. 1996 Body temperatures and winter feeding in immature green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in Moreton Bay, southeastern Queensland Journal of Herpetology 30 2 262-265 Chelonia mydas; Queensland; Body temperature; feeding Journal Article Reardon, James 1996 Herping in the Caribbean. Part V or (finding little Vincent) Rephiberary 1996 221 6-7 Journal Article Reardon, James 1996 Herping in the Caribbean. Part VI (or frogs in the forest and snakes in the rain) Rephiberary 1996 222 8-10 Journal Article Reardon, James 1996 Herping in the Caribbean. Part IV or (a small wonder) Rephiberary 1996 220 6-7 Journal Article Reardon, James 1996 Herping in the Caribbean. Part III (or skinks above and snakes below) Rephiberary 1996 219 7-8 Journal Article Reardon, James 1996 Herping in the Caribbean - Part II (or sweat, snakes and expanding treefrogs) Rephiberary 1996 218 8-9;12 Journal Article Reaser, Jamie Kristine;Dexter, Robert Elias 1996 Rana pretiosa. Predation Herpetological Review 27 2 75 Journal Article Reaser, Jamie Kristine;Dexter, Robert Elias 1996 Rana pretiosa (Spotted frog). Toe clipping effects Herpetological Review 27 4 195-196 Journal Article Reaser, Jamie Kristine 1996 Rana pretiosa (Spotted frog). Vagility Herpetological Review 27 4 196-197 Journal Article Reaser, J. K. 1996 The elucidation of amphibian declines. Are amphibian populations disappearing? Amphib. Rept. Conserv. 1 4-9 Journal Article Reason, Doug 1996 Captive care, birth and rearing of Chamaeleo werneri Rephiberary 1996 218 5-7;12 Chamaeleo werneri Book Section Rebêlo, George Henrique;Lugli, Luciana 1996 The conservation of freshwater turtles and the dwellers of the Amazonian Jaú National Park (Brazil) Jain, S. K. Ethnobiology in Human Welfare New Delhi Deep Publications 253-258 jacare@mpcnet.com.br Journal Article Redmond, William H.;Scott, A. Floyd 1996 Atlas of Amphibians in Tennessee Miscellaneous Publications of the Center for Field Biology, Austin Peay State University 12 1-94 Tennessee; Amphibians; Distribution Book Redmond, William H.;Scott, A. Floyd 1996 Atlas of Amphibians in Tennessee Clarksville, TN Austin Peay State University 94 Tennessee; Amphibians; Distribution Journal Article Redrobe, Sharon 1996 Shell diseases in Chelonia Reptilian 4 7 51-56 Shell disease Journal Article Redrobe, S. 1996 Post-hibernation anorexia in tortoises Veterinary Record 138 19 480 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, anorexia, hibernation S Redrobe/Univ Edinburgh/Royal Dick Sch Vet Studies/Dept Vet Clin Studies/Small Anim Clin/Summerhall/Edinburgh EH9 1QH/Midlothian, Scotland Journal Article Reed, H. 1996 Review of rattlesnake exploitation needed Traffic USA 15 2 1-3 Rattlesnake round-ups Journal Article Reeder, Tod W.;Wiens, John J. 1996 Evolution of the lizard family Phrynosomatidae as inferred from diverse types of data Herpetological Monographs 10 43-84 Phrynosomatidae; phylogeny; congruence; incomplete taxa; Sceloporus; Sator; Urosaurus; Petrosaurus; Uta; Phrynosoma; Uma; Callisaurus; Cophosaurus; Holbrookia Journal Article Reeder, Tod W. 1996 A new species of Pholidobolus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Huancabamba depression of northern Peru Herpetologica 52 2 282-289 Reptilia; Squamata; Gymnophthalmidae; Pholidobolus huancabambae sp. nov.; new species; Peru; Colombia; Key Journal Article Reichle, Steffen;Köhler, Jörn 1996 Geographic Distribution. Caecilia marcusi Herpetological Review 27 4 208 Journal Article Reid, H.;Derk, F. F.;Nardozza, A. J. 1996 Copperhead snakebite of the foot [letter] J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 86 7 347-9 Journal Article Reilly, Stephen M.;Altig, Ronald 1996 Cranial ontogeny in Siren intermedia (Caudata: Sirenidae): paedomorphic, metamorphic, and novel patterns of heterochrony Copeia 1996 1 29-41 Siren intermedia; Cranial ontogeny Journal Article Reilly, Stephen M. 1996 The metamorphosis of feeding kinematics in Salamandra salamandra and the evolution of terrestrial feeding behavior Journal of Experimental Biology 199 1219-1227 Salamandra salamandra; feeding; kinematics; ontogeny; behavior; salamander; tetrapods; evolution Journal Article Reilly, Stephen M.;Altig, Ronald 1996 Cranial ontogeny in Siren intermedia (Caudata: Sirenidae): Paedomorphic, metamorphic, and novel patterns of heterochrony Copeia 1996 29-41 ontogeny Journal Article Reinhold, K. 1996 Biased primary sex ratio in the bushcricket Poecilimon veluchianus, an insect with sex chromosomes Behav Ecol Sociobiol 39 189-194 sex ratio Journal Article Reinhold, K. 1996 Sex-ratio selection with asymmetrical migration of the sexes can lead to an uneven sex ratio Oikos 75 15-19 sex ratio; tsd Journal Article Reisner, jeff 1996 Saint Louis Zoo: Preserving diversity Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Holiday 34-41 Journal Article Reiss, John 1996 Palatal metamorphosis in basal caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophionia) as evidence for Lissamphibian monophyly Journal of Herpetology 30 1 27-39 Gymnophionia; Evolution; Lissamphibian; Palatal metamorphosis Journal Article Reiss, J. 1996 Palatal metamorphosis in basal caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) as evidence for lissamphibian monophyly Journal of Herpetology 30 1 27-39 Epicrionops Bicolor; Epicrionops Petersi; Ichthyophis; Grandisonia; Uraeotyphlus; Sylvacaecilia; Salamander; Frog; Fusing; Comparative Morphology; Phylogeny The morphology of the bony palate in larval and metamorphosed Epicrionops bicolor Boulenger and E. petersi Taylor (Rhinatrematidae) was studied to assess the extent of palatal change at metamorphosis. In larvae the maxilla is short; it abuts the dorsolateral process of the palatine at mid-choanal level. The pterygoid is long and straight; it runs anteromedially, close to the lateral edge of the parasphenoid. At metamorphosis the maxilla fuses with the palatine. The maxillary part of the maxillopontine expands dorsally and caudally, surrounding the orbit and lacrimal ducts and completing the lateral border of the subtemporal fenestra. The anterior part of the pterygoid shifts laterally, broadening the interpterygoid vacuity, and separates from the posterior part of the pterygoid. The quadrate develops a rostrally directed quadratojugal process, overlapped by the maxilla and squamosal. A review of the literature shows that a similar pattern of palatal metamorphosis (except for the division of the pterygoid) is seen in other caecilian genera with free-living larvae; Ichthyophis (Ichthyophilidae), Grandisonia (Caeciliaidae), and probably Uraeotyphlus (Uraeotyphlidae) and Sylvacaecilia (Caeciliaidae). This implies that the shared pattern is plesiomorphic for caecilians. Features of palatal metamorphosis shared among caecilians, salamanders, and frogs support the hypothesis of lissamphibian monophyly. Journal Article Renaud, Maurice L.;Carpenter, James A.;Williams, Jo A.;Landry, André M., Jr 1996 Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) tracked by satellite telemetry from Louisiana to nesting beach at Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 108-109 Reptilia; Testudines; Chelonidae; Lepidochelys kempii Journal Article Renous, S.;Bels, V.L. 1996 Swimming behaviour during first immersion in hatchling leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie, Paris 17 25-38 leatherback Journal Article Repp, Roger A. 1996 Ides of March '92 Sonoran Herpetologist 9 2 9-12 Journal Article Reques, Ricardo;Tejedo, Miguel 1996 Intraspecific aggressive behaviour in fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra): the effects of density and body size Herpetological Journal 6 1 15-19 Salamandra salamandra; intraspecific aggression Journal Article Reshetnikov, Andrew N. 1996 Hygrotactic and olfactory orientation in juvenile Common Toads (Bufo bufo) during the postmetamorphic period Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 181-190 Journal Article Retter, Jürgen 1996 Beobachtungen an zauneidechsen DATZ 49 7 436-440 Lacerta agilis Journal Article Revol, B. 1996 Crocodile farming and conservation, the example in Zimbabwe Biodivers. Conserv. 4 3 299-305 CNL, farming, conservation, utilization, Journal Article Reynolds, J.D. 1996 Animal breeding systems Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11 2 68-72 tsd Journal Article Reynoso, Victor-Hugo 1996 A Middle Jurassic Sphenodon-like Sphenodontian (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from Huizachal Canyon, Tamaulipas, Mexico Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 2 210-221 Journal Article Rhen, T.Elf, P.K.Fivizzani, A.J.Lang, J.W. 1996 Sex-reversed and normal turtles display similar sex steroid profiles Journal of Experimental Zoology 274 4 221-226 Reptilia, testudines, Chelydra serpentina, sex, differentiation, temperature, hormone, steroid In many oviparous reptiles, incubation temperature determines hatchling sex. Manipulation of the embryonic hormonal environment can result in sex reversal. We measured circulating estradiol 17-beta (E(2)) and testosterone (T) levels in temperature-determined and sex-reversed snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). Eight-month-old turtles have sex steroid profiles that are sex specific and are consistent with gonadal sex. Males had higher levels of T than females, both before and after treatment with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In males, T levels increased approximately 11-fold after FSH challenge, whereas in females, T levels remained low In contrast, levels of E(2) after FSH challenge were higher in females than in males, but showed no difference before treatment. Sex-reversed individuals appear to have normal sex steroid profiles of T and E(2), both at basal levels and in response to gonadotropin challenge. Our study indicates that the steroidogenic capability of these juvenile turtles was consistent with gonadal morphology and suggests that these sex-reversed individuals have normal gonadal function. JW Lang/Univ N Dakota/Dept Biol/Box 9019/Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA Journal Article Rhen, T.;Elf, P.K.;Fivizzani, A.J.;Lang, J.W. 1996 Sex-reversed and normal turtles display similar sex steroid profiles Journal of Experimental Zoology 274 221-226 tsd Journal Article Rhodes, W.E.;Lang, J.W. 1996 Alligator nest temperatures and hatchling sex ratios in coastal South Carolina Proc. Annu. Conf. Southeas. Assoc. Fish. and Wild. Agencies 50 sex ratio; alligator Journal Article Rhodin, Johannes A. G.;Rhodin, Anders G. J.;Spotila, James R. 1996 Electron microscopic analysis of vascular cartilage canals in the humeral epiphysis of hatchling leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 250-260 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; anatomy; histology; ultrastructure; cartilage canals; growth; cartilage; bone; vascular system; capillaries; epiphysis; chondrolysis; chondrocytes; chondroclasts Journal Article Rice, W.R. 1996 Evolution of the Y sex chromosome in animals BioScience 46 5 331-343 sex determination Journal Article Richards, Anne 1996 Carol Flanders: Science on the go! Reptiles 4 5 8-10;14 Journal Article Richter, Reinhard;Lötters, Stefan 1996 Auf der Suche nach Pfeilgiftfröschen: Dendrobatiden von der Pazifikküste Kolumbiens TI Magazin 131 45-48 Dendrobatidae; Dendrobates Journal Article Rickert, Michael 1996 Der Blattschwanzgecko: Uroplatus fimbriatus aus Madagaskar TI Magazin 130 45-47 Uroplatus fimbriatus Book Riemer, Donald N.;Allen, Walter 1996 A worldwide list of turtles and tortoises on stamps Privately Published 52 Edited Book Rieppel, Olivier 1996 Miniaturization in tetrapods: consequences for skull morphology Oxford Clarendon Press 69 47-61 Amphibian, anura, apoda, gymnophiona, urodela, miniaturization, heterochrony, development, consequences, osteology, skull, morphology, Journal Article Riese, G. 1996 Factors affecting survival and growth of juvenile Crocodylus porosus on a Northern territory Crocodile Farm Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 18 Crocodylus porosus Journal Article Riesecrer, Joseph M.;Anderson, Michael T.;Chivers, Douglas P.;Wildy, Erica L.;Devito, Jill;Marco, Adolfo;Vlaustein, Andrew R.;Beatty, Joseph J.;Storm, Robert M. 1996 Plethodon dunni (Dunn's salamander). Cannibalism Herpetological Review 27 4 194 Journal Article Riley, J.;Huchzermeyer, F.W. 1996 A reassessment of the pentastomid genus Leiperia Sambon, 1922, with a description of a new species from both the Indopacific crocodile Crocodylus porosus and Johnstons crocodile Crocodylus johnsoni in Australia Syst. Parasitol. 34 1 53-66 CPR, CNL, disease, The two pentastomid species currently included in the genus Leiperia Sambon, 1922 (family Sebekidae Fain, 1961) are re assessed. Measurements of chitinous structures, notably the hooks, fulcra and oral cadre of three adult females of the otherwise well characterised species L. cincinnalis Sambon, 1922, from the bronchi of the Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus, exhibit a degree of variation that is usual in pentastomid morphometrics. Similar measurements of six nymphs from the aorta and heart of two other crocodiles, although equally variable, do not differentiate these from infective nymphs removed from cysts within the body cavity of a South African fish (Pelamatachromis robustus) intermediate host. Adult females of another species, L. australiensis n. sp., from the bronchi of the Indopacific crocodile Crocodylus porosus from Northern Australia are described. Females (N = 3) are smaller and more slender than their African counterparts, and their chitinous structures, although equally variable, are correspondingly smaller. A mature male, from the lung of Johnston's crocodile C. johnsoni, is also allocated to this species because the ranges and diet of the two crocodilian hosts overlap. Also, this zone of syntopy is sufficient to maintain populations of two other species belonging to the family Sebekidae (Sebekia spp.) in both hosts. This male is the first of the genus Leiperia to be fully described, and its copulatory spicules are quite distinctive. Three other immature specimens of L. australiensis from the lung, or near to the lung, of the definitive host are also described..//In the light of these findings the literature is re appraised, and it is evident that at least two more Leiperia spp. exist in South America, and that presently these are known only as nymphs. The existing South American species, L. gracilis Heymons & Vitzthum, 1935 (= Pentastoma gracile Diesing, 1835) was established only on the basis of immature or nymphal forms, almost certainly encompassing several genera. Despite claims to the contrary in the literature, this 'species' should be regarded as a species inquirenda. Aspects of the life cycle of Leiperia spp., from the infective stage in fish and the subsequent instars, are also discussed. Journal Article Rittenhouse, D. R.;Russell, Anthony P.;Phillips, D. S. 1996 Morphological modeling via isosurfacing: the laryngeal skeleton of gekkonid lizards as a test case Acta Anatomica 155 282-290 Journal Article Riva, Ignacio De La;Márquez, Rafael;Bosch, Jaime 1996 Advertisement calls of four microhylid frogs from Bolivia (Amphibia, Anura) American Midland Naturalist 136 418-422 Chiasmocleis albopunctata, Elachistocleis bicolor, E. ovalis, Hamptophryne, Bolivia, Peru, Microhylidae Journal Article Rivas, Jesús A.;Avila, Tito M. 1996 Sex determination in juvenile green iguanas (Iguana iguana) by cloacal ana;ysis Copeia 1996 1 219-221 Iguana iguana; Sex identification Journal Article Rivas, Jesús Antonio;Molina, Cesar Ramón;Avila, Tito Manuel 1996 A non-flushing stomach wash technique for large lizards Herpetological Review 27 2 72-73 Stomach-flush technique Journal Article Rivas, J.A.;Avila, T.M. 1996 Sex identification in juvenile green iguanas (Iguana iguana) by cloacal analysis. Copeia 1 219-221 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana,Iguana iguana, cloacal analysis, sex, determination Journal Article Rivera, X.;de Saint Paul, A. 1996 Die Gattung Salamandra Reptilia 1 1 49-57 Salamandra Journal Article Rivera, Xavier;Arribas, Osacr 1996 La evolution faunistica de corcega y cerdeña Reptilia 2 3 17-24 Corsica; Sardinia Journal Article Roa i Bonel, Enric de 1996 Projecte de reintroducció i estudi de la tortuga d'Aigua Ibèrica (Mauremys leprosa) al Delta del Llobregat Full Informatiu de la Societat Catalana D' Herpetologia 1996 1 4-5 Journal Article Robiller, Franz;Robiller, Franz Christoph 1996 Eine Nacht mit der Suppenschildkröte auf Ascension Island DATZ 49 10 652-655 Dermochelys coriacea Journal Article Roca, María Fernanda;Echeverría, Dinorah Diana 1996 Morfología de los oocitos en diplotene de Melanophryniscus stelzneri (Weyenbergh, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae) Alytes 14 2 85-100 Oogenesis; Melanophryniscus stelzneri; Bufonidae Journal Article Rocek, Zbynek 1996 Czech Paleontologist Zdenek V. Spinar died Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 103-104 Journal Article Rocha, Carlos Frederico D. 1996 Seasonal shift in lizard diet: The seasonality in food resources affecting the diet of Liolaemus lutzae (Tropiduridae) Ciência e Cultura 48 4 264-269 Journal Article Rocha, C. F. D.;Vrcibradic, D. 1996 Thermal ecology of two sympatric skinks (Mabuya macrorhyncha and Mabuya agilis) in a Brazilian restinga habitat Australian Journal of Ecology 21 110-113 South America, tropical, lizard, scincidae, mabuya, tempeature, thermal ecology, restinga Journal Article Rodíguez-Durán, Armando 1996 Foraging ecology of the Puerto Rican boa (Epicrates inornatus): bat predation, carrion feeding, and piracy Journal of Herpetology 30 4 533-536 Epicrates inornatus; foraging ecology; bat predation; carrion feeding Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1996 A new species of lizard, genus Micrablepharus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), from Brazil Herpetologica 52 4 535-541 Micrablepharus atticolus sp. nov.; new species; Sauria; Gymnophthalmidae; Brazil Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1996 Lizards, snakes and Amphisbaenians from the Quarternary sand dunes of the Middle Rio São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil Journal of Herpetology 30 4 513-523 fossils; Quaternary Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1996 Lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians from the quaternary sand dunes of the middle Rio São Francisco, Bahia,Brazil Journal of Herpetology 30 4 513-523 Journal Article Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut 1996 A new species of lizard, genus Micrablepharus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), from Brazil Herpetologica 52 4 535-541 Journal Article Rodriguez-Acosta, A.;Fuentes, O.;Giron, M. E.;Aguilar, I. 1996 Comparative study of the venom of escorpion negro or guchachigishe (Heloderma horridum alvarezi) and the Venezuelan rattlesnakes The Snake 27 2 153-156 Book Section Rodríguez-Robles, J. A.;Greene, H. W. 1996 Ecological patterns in Greater Antillean macrostomatan snake assemblages, with comments on body-size evolution in Epicrates (Boidae) Henderson, R. Powell and R. W. Contributions to West Indian herpetology: A tribute to Albert Schwartz Ithaca, NY Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Contributions to Herpetology, volume 12 339-357 snake, tropical, body size, diet, boa, boidae, epicrates Journal Article Roesler, Herbert 1996 Field observations and captive husbandry in Eublepharis turcmenicus Darewsky, 1978 Dactylus 3 1 24-28 Eublepharis turcmenicus Journal Article Roff, D.A. 1996 The evolution of threshold traits in animals Quarterly Review of Biology 71 1 3-35 tsd; pivotal Journal Article Rogers, C. Paul 1996 Rana catesbeiana. Predation Herpetological Review 27 2 75 Journal Article Rogers, C. Paul 1996 Rana catesbeiana (Bullfrog). Predation Herpetological Review 27 1 19 Rana catesbeiana; Predation Book Rogner, Manfred 1996 Schildkröten 2. Kinosternidae, Platysternidae, Testudinidae, Trionychidae, Carrettochelyidae, Cheloniidae, Dermochelyidae, Chelidae, Pelomedusidae Hürtgenwald, germany Heidi Rogner verlag 265 Kinosternidae; Platysternidae; Testudinidae; Trionychidae; Carrettochelyidae; Cheloniidae; Dermochelyidae; Chelidae; Pelomedusidae Journal Article Rogowitz, Gordon L. 1996 Evaluation of thermal acclimation and altitudinal variation of metabolism in a Neotropical lizard, Anolis gundlachi Copeia 1996 3 535-542 Anolis gundlachi; thermal acclimation; metabolism Journal Article Rojc, Matjaz 1996 Dvozivke in Plazilci Slovenije Zelenec 1 1 6-9 Slovinia Journal Article Rojc, Matjaz 1996 Seznam vrst Dvozivk in Plazilcev Slovenije Zelenec 1 1 10-13 Slovinia Journal Article Rojc, Matjaz 1996 Kameleoni - Mojstri preobleke Zelenec 1 1 14-20 Chamaeleo calyptratus Journal Article Rojc, Matjaz 1996 Matamata - Najbolj nenavadna zelva Zelenec 1 1 21-22 Chelus fimbriatus Journal Article Rojc, Matjaz 1996 Matamata - Najbolj nenavadna zelva Zelenec 1 1 21-22 Chelus fimbriatus Journal Article Romagnano, A.;Jacobson, E.R.;Boon, G.D.;Broeder, A.;Ivan, L.;Homer, B.L. 1996 Lymphosarcoma in a green iguana (Iguana iguana) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 1 83-89 Reptilia, sauria, green iguana, Iguana iguana, pathology, tumour, lymphosarcoma A 3-yr-old female green iguana (Iguana iguana) presented with a mass that extended from the cranial right shoulder region to the anterior half of the right hemithorax. A radiograph revealed a soft tissue mass extending from the fifth cervical rib to the fifth thoracic rib on the right side and involving the musculature. Fine-needle aspirate cytology revealed immature pleomorphic lymphocytes, most consistent with lymphosarcoma. The animal died 2 mo later. At necropsy, an oval, firm, cream-colored mass was found in the subcutis and underlying musculature of the right shoulder. Light microscopic examination of tissues confirmed the presence of lymphosarcoma in the subcutis and musculature of the right shoulder area, spleen, liver, ovaries, and kidneys. Viruses were not detected in the neoplastic lymphocytes by electron microscopy. A Romagnano Avicultural Breeding & Res Ctr 1471 Folsom Rd Loxahatchee, FL 33470 USA Journal Article Romairone, Adrian 1996 Dimorfismo sexual en ejemplares adultos de Geochelone sulcata (Miller, 1779) Reptilia 2 8 50 Geochelone sulcata Journal Article Romo, E.;Demiguel, M.P.;Arenas, M.I.;Frago, L.;Fraile, B.;Paniagua, R. 1996 Histochemical and quantitative study of the cloacal glands of Triturus marmoratus marmoratus (Amphibia: Salamandridae) Journal of Zoology 239 Part 1 177-186 Amphibia, urodela,Triturus marmoratus marmoratus, anatomy, spermatophora The cloacal glands of the male marbled newt Triturus marmoratus were studied during winter and summer by histochemical and quantitative histologic methods. Four types of glands were distinguished: pelvic, dorsal, ventral, and Kingsbury's glands. The pelvic and dorsal glands have an eosinophilic epithelium and secrete neutral mucins. The ventral and Kingsbury's glands have a basophilic epithelium and secrete acid mucins. The lectin-histochemical characterization of the carbohydrates secreted by the four gland types revealed that the secretion of both the pelvic and Kingsbury's glands contain beta-GalNAc in the peripheral region of the oligosaccharide, and that the dorsal glands secrete a glycoprotein with alpha-GalNAc. The ventral gland sections did not react to any of the lectins used here. The quantitative study revealed that the cloaca undergoes seasonal variations in volume, being significantly larger in winter than in summer. The total volume occupied by both the pelvic and ventral glands, as well as their tubular diameter, are also significantly greater in winter, while these parameters do not vary in dorsal and Kingsbury's glands. No seasonal differences were observed in the height of the epithelium in any gland. Journal Article Ron, Santiago R. 1996 Poblacional del caiman negro Melanosuchus niger y del caiman blanco Caiman crocodilus en seis lagunas de la Amazonia Norte Ecuatoriana Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 12 Journal Article Ron, S. 1996 Estado poblacional, utilización de tipos vegetales y crecimiento de Melanosuchus niger y Caiman crocodilus crocodilus en Zancudococha y Cuyabeno, Amazonia Ecuatoriana [Population status, vegetation utilization and growth of Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus crocodilusat Zancudococha and Cuyabeno, Ecuadorian Amazon] Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 10-12 Caiman crocodilus; Melanoschus niger Journal Article Rondelet, Guillaume 1554 (1996) Books on Marine Fish, in which true figures of the fish are presented. Book XVI. Chapters II-V. On Turtles. [Libri de Piscibus Marinis, in quibus verae Piscium effigies expressae sunt. Liber XVI. Caput II-V. De Testudinibus] Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 287-302 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; historical literature Journal Article Ronne, Jeff 1996 Revelations of a boa breeder Reptiles 4 11 24-43 Boa constrictor Journal Article Roof, Lee 1996 Backyard herpetology: reintroduction of a native species Vivarium 7 5 56-60 reintroduction; translocation Journal Article Roosenburg, Willem M.;kelley, Katherine C. 1996 The effect of egg size and incubation temperature on growth in the turtle, Malaclemys terripin Journal of Herpetology 30 2 198-204 Malaclemys terrapin; egg size; incubation temperature; growth Journal Article Roosenburg, W.M.;Kelley, K.C. 1996 The effect of egg size and incubation temperature on growth in the turtle, Malaclemys terrapin Journal of Herpetology 30 2 198-204 Reptilia, testudines, turtle, Malaclemys terrapin, propagation, egg, size, incubation temperature, growth We conducted an incubation and rearing experiment to test the effects of incubation temperature and egg size on hatchling size and growth of the emydid turtle, Malaclemys terrapin. Eggs from four clutches were assigned randomly to two incubation temperatures, 26 C and 32 C, Half of the hatchings were sacrificed and sexed after five months and the remainder were raised for three years in a common environment. Similar to other studies of emydid turtles, low and high temperature treatments produced exclusively males and females, respectively. Egg size was more variable among: the four clutches than within each clutch. Egg mass accounted for 96% and 97% of the variance in hatchling mass for females and males, respectively. Both clutch and incubation temperature influenced post-hatching growth. The clutch effect was due to both differences in egg mass among clutches and the effects of egg size an hatching size. Egg mass explained 59% of the variation in size among 3 year old females, but did not explain size variation among 3 year old males. Differences in female growth attributable to egg size could result in as much as a three year difference in age at first reproduction based ox the growth trajectories of terrapins from a natural population. WM Roosenburg, Ohio Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701 USA Journal Article Roosenburg, W.M. 1996 Maternal condition and nest site choice: an alternative for the maintenance of environmental sex determination American Zoologist 36 157-168 sex ratio; tsd Journal Article Rose, Francis L.;Simpson, Thomas R.;Manning, Richard W. 1996 Measured and predicted egg volume of Pseudemys texana with comments on turtle egg shape Journal of Herpetology 30 3 433-435 Pseudemys texana; egg volume; egg shape Edited Book Rose, Michael R.;Lauder, George V. 1996 Adaptation San Diego Academic Press xiv, 511 Journal Article Ross, P. 1996 Crocodile Specialist Group Steering Committee minutes, 15 October 1996, Montreal Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 3-9 Crocodilians; Conservation Journal Article Ross, C. A.;Cox, J.;Kurniata, H. 1996 Crocodile studies in Kalimantan Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 7 Crocodylus siamensis Journal Article Ross, Perran 1996 Jamaican crocodile traditions Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 13-14 Journal Article Ross, J. P. 1996 Monitoring and training Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 12-13 Journal Article Ross, Perran 1996 Crocodile management workshop Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 12-13 Journal Article Ross, J. P. 1996 National Crocodilian Management Plan Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 14 Journal Article Ross, Peran 1996 13th Working Meeting: Summary of the meeting Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 2 3-4 Journal Article Ross, Peran 1996 Crocodile Specialist Group Steering Committee Minutes, Santa Fe 11-12 May 1996 Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 2 5-15 Journal Article Ross, Richard A. 1996 Emerging ethics and attitudes in herpetoculture Herpetological Natural History 4 1 89-92 Journal Article Ross, James Perran 1996 Caution urged in the interpretation of trends at nesting beaches Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 9-10 Journal Article Rossa-Feres, Denise de C.;Jim, Jorge 1996 Tadpole of Odontophrynus moratoi (Anura, Leptodactylidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 4 536-539 Odontophrynus moratoi; tadpole Book Rossi, John;Rossi, Roxanne 1996 What's Wrong with My Snake? Santee, CA Advances Vivarium Systems 150 Book Rossman, Douglas A.;Ford, Neil B.;Seigel, Richard A. 1996 The Garter Snakes: Evolution and Ecology Norman, OK University of Oklahoma Press xx + 332 + 15 plates Thamnophis Journal Article Rossman, Douglas A. 1996 Identity and taxonomic status of the Mexican garter snake Thamnophis vicinus Smith, 1942 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Natricidae) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109 1 10-16 Journal Article Rostal, David C.;Paladino, Frank V.;Patterson, Rhonda M.;Spotila, James R. 1996 Reproductive physiology of nesting leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at Las Baulas National Park, Costa Rica Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 230-236 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; reproduction; ultrasonography; endocrinology; gonadal hormones; plasma calcium; vitellogenesis; Costa Rica Journal Article Rostal, D.C.;Paladino, F.V.;Patterson, R.M.;Spotila, J.R. 1996 Reproductive physiology of nesting leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at Las Baulas National Park, Costa Rica Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 230-236 leatherback; yolkless; nesting Journal Article Rot, Irena 1996 An unexpected finding of paedomorphic individuals in a smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris) population from Dobanovci (Srem) Arch. Biol. Sci. Belgrade 48 3-4 29P-30P ljkaca@ibiss.bg.ac.yu Journal Article Rowe, Christopher L. ;Kinney, Owen M.;Fiori, Alison P.;Congdon, Justin D. 1996 Oral deformities in tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) associated with coal ash deposition: Effects on grazing ability and growth Freshwater Biology 36 723-730 Journal Article Rowe, C. L.;O. M. Kinney, A. P. Fiori;Congdon., J. D. 1996 Oral deformities in tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) associated with coal ash deposition: effects of grazing ability and growth Freshw. Biol. 36 723-730 Book Roze, Janis A. 1996 Coral Snakes of the Americas: biology, Identification, and Venoms Malabar, FL Krieger Publishing xii + 328 Book Rödel, Mark-Oliver 1996 Amphibien der westafrikanischen Savanne Frankfurt Edition Chimaira 283 + 8 plates Anura; Africa; West Africa; Savannah Journal Article Rödel, Mark-Oliver;Grabow, Karsten 1996 Zur kenntnis von Cynisca rouxae Hahn, 1979 [Contributions to the knowledge of Cynisca rouxae Hahn, 1979] Salamandra 32 1 13-22 Cynisca rouxae; Squamata; Amphisbaenidae; Ivory Coast; description; distribution; habitat; prey; reproduction Journal Article Rökman, Marika 1996 Cites-luvan hakeminen Herpetomania 5 5 37-38 CITES Journal Article Rökman, Marika 1996 Myyttejä matelijoista ... ja hiukan sammakkoeläimistäkin [Myths of reptiles - and some amphibians too] Herpetomania 5 6 5-10 Journal Article Rökman, Marika 1996 Tokee Gekko gecko Herpetomania 5 5 29-33 Gekko gecko Journal Article Rökman, Marika 1996 Soumen Lounnonvaraiset matelijat Herpetomania 5 3-4 5-13 Finland; Lacerta vivipara; Anguis fragilis; Coronella austriaca; Natrix natrix; Vipera berus Journal Article Röll, Beate 1996 Sphaerodactylus glaucus Cope Sauria 18 3 Supplement 381-384 Sphaerodactylus glaucus Journal Article Rössel, Dietrich 1996 Rechtliche Fragen bei der haltung giftger und gefährlicher Tiere DATZ 49 8 535-536 Journal Article Rubinoff, Daniel 1996 Aneides lugubris (Arboeal salamander. Predation Herpetological Review 27 3 135 Journal Article Rubio, Manny 1996 herpetology in transition. Part 2: big dollars and the dark side of herpetoculture Herp News Today 1996 February 6-7 Journal Article Rubio, Manny 1996 Herp gifts for the holidays Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Holiday 20-31 Journal Article Ruby, Douglas E. 1996 Book Review: Biology of North American Tortoises Herpetological Review 27 1 46-48 Book Review Journal Article Rudolf, E.;Dournon, C. 1996 Activity of Peptidase-1, a sex-linked enzyme, during larval development at normal or sex reveral rearing temperature and according to tissues in adults of Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 115A 3 177-186 tsd; sex determination Journal Article Rudolphi, Michael 1996 Buchbesprechung: Landschildkröten Sauria 18 3 43-45 Book review Journal Article Rugeiro, Lorenzo;Luiselli, Luca 1996 Ecological notes on an isolated population of the snake Elaphe quatuorlineata Herpetological Journal 6 2 53-55 Elaphe quatuorlineata; ecology Journal Article Rugeles, Myrian Lugo 1996 Avance el la Investigación del Estatus del Caiman del Orinoco. Advances in the studies of the status of the Orinoco crocodile in Colombia Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 15-16 Crocodilians; Status; Crocodylus intermedius; Colombia Journal Article Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M.;Lynch, John D. 1996 Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia IX Lozania 68 1-11 peristictum, Cochranella Journal Article Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M.;Ardila-Robayo, María Cristina;Lynch, John D. 1996 Lista actualizada de la fauna de Amphibia de Colombia Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 20 365-415 Anura, faunal list, geographic distribution Journal Article Ruiz-Carranza, Pedro M.;Lynch, John D. 1996 Ranas centrolenidae de Colombia IX. Dos nuevas especies del suroeste de Colombia Lozania 68 1-11 Cochranella luteopunctata sp. nov.; Centrolene litoralis sp. nov. Journal Article Rumping, J. M.;jayne, B. C. 1996 Muscle activity in autotomized tails of a lizard (Gekko gecko): a naturally occurring spinal preparation J. Com. Physiol. A 179 525-538 Muscle; Lizard; gekko Gecko; Autotomy Spinal; Regeneration Journal Article Rumping, J.M.;Jayne, B.C. 1996 Muscle-activity in autotomized tails of a lizard (Gekko gecko) - A naturally-occurring spinal preparation Journal of Comparative Physiology A - Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 179 4 525-538 Reptilia, sauria,Gekko gecko, pathology, physiology, tail, autotomy Journal Article Rumping, J. M.;Jayne, Bruce C. 1996 Muscle activity in autotomized tales of a lizard (Gekko gecko): a naturally occuring spinal preparation Journal of Comparative Physiology A 179 525-538 Journal Article Russell, Ronald W.;Hecnar, Stephen J. 1996 The ghost of pesticides past? Froglog 1996 19 1 pesticides; amphibian decline Journal Article Russell, Matt 1996 Natural history and captive care of leaf-tailed geckos with emphasis on Uroplatus fimbriatus Vivarium 7 5 6-9 Uroplatus; Uroplatus fimbriatus Journal Article Russell, A. P.;Powell, G. L.;Hall., D. R. 1996 Growth and age of Alberta long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei): a comparison of two methods of estimation Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 397-412 Journal Article Ruvell, Roger 1996 Feed and alligator farming, economic considerations Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 16 Journal Article Ruvell, Roger 1996 More on C. cataphractus Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 3 Crocodylus cataphractus Journal Article Ruvinsky, Ilya;Maxson, Linda R. 1996 Phylogenetic relationships among bufonid frogs (Anura: Neobatrachia) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 5 533-547 phylogenetic, relationships, Bufanid frogs, Anura, Neobatrachia, mitochondrial DNA sequences Journal Article Ryabinin, D. M.;Grechko, V. V.;Darevsky, I. S.;Ryskov, A. P.;Semenova, S. K. 1996 Comparative study of DNA repetitive sequences by means of restriction endonucleases among populations and subspecies of some lacertid lizard species Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 178-185 Lacertidae; Lizards; Systematics; Highly repetitive DNA; Phylogeny; Molecular phylogenetics; Lacerta raddei; Lacerta saxicola; Lacerta rudis; Lacerta agilis Journal Article Ryan, Michael J.;Rand, A. Stanley;Weigt, Lee A. 1996 Allozyme and advertisement call variation in the tungara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus Evolution 50 6 2435-2453 Journal Article Ryan, Michael J.;Rand, A. Stanley;Weigt, Lee A. 1996 Allozyme and advertisement call variation in the Túngara frog, Physalaemus pustulosus Evolution 50 6 2435-2453 Advertisement calls, allozyme variation, genetic variation, geographic variation, sexual selection Caldwell Library 4548 Journal Article Rybak, Marcia 1996 Vittkins dragon Vivarium 7 6 26-27 hybrid; Pogona Journal Article Rybak, John A.;Livo, Lauren J.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hypsiglena torquata loreala Herpetological Review 27 4 213 Journal Article Rybolt, Sue 1996 Book Review: The Lizard Man Speaks Iowa Herpetological Society News 19 1 7 Book Review Journal Article Ryser, Jan 1996 Comparative life histories of a low- and high-elevation population of the common frog Rana temporaria Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 183-195 Rana temporaria; Life histories; Elevation Journal Article Saenz, Daniel 1996 Dietary overview of Hemidactylus turcicus with possible implications of food partitioning Journal of Herpetology 30 4 461-466 Hemidactylus turcicus; diet; food partitioning Journal Article Saenz, Daniel;Klawinski, Paul D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus frenatus Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article Saenz, Daniel;Burgdorf, Shirley J.;Rudolph, D. Craig;Duran, C. Michael 1996 Crotalus horridus (Timber rattlesnake). Climbing Herpetological Review 27 3 145 Journal Article Sah, S.A.M.;Stuebing, R.B. 1996 Diet, growth and movements of juvenile crocodiles Crocodylus porosus Schneider in the Klias river, Sabah, Malaysia J. Trop. Ecol. 12 5 651-662 CPR, ecology, movement, food, growth, demography, A total of 14 spotlight surveys were carried out from January 1992 to February 1993 along 37 km of the Klias River in north-western Sabah, Malaysia. Surveys were at low tide between 1900 and 0600 h from a survey boat at 15 km h(-1) by two observers. A total of 221 sightings were made, which varied between 2 and 29 per survey (mean 15.8). A total of 55 juvenile crocodiles were captured, with 16 recaptures. Calculated density was 0.9-1.8 individuals km(-1), while the estimated crocodile population was 46.1 +/-10.2 (SD) for the survey area. Percentage sightings according to total length were: 42% less than or equal to 0.5 m; 40% >0.5-less than or equal to 1.0 m; 5% >1.0-less than or equal to 3.0; and 13% eyes only. Recapture of 16 tagged juveniles suggested that hatchlings less than or equal to 0.5 m total length remained within >0.5 km of their release point for at least one month, and juveniles 0.5-less than or equal to 1.0 m more than one year. Hatchlings had growth rates between 0.01 and 0.08 cm d(-1) and 0.3 and 1.5 g d(-1), while larger juveniles grew at least 0.11 cm d(-1) and 2.7-2.9 g d(-1). Stomachs of hatchlings and juveniles contained crabs (Ocypodidae), prawns (Atyidae), insects and small fish (Hemiramphidae). Relatively large numbers of juvenile Crocodylus porosus (82.4%) in the Klias River suggests that the area, though under hunting pressure, is desirable as a site for the conservation of C. porosus in the Sabah. Journal Article Sahoo, G.;Mohapatra, B. K.;Sahoo, R. K.;Mohanti-Hejmadi, P. 1996 Contrasting ultrastructures in the eggshells of Olive Ridley turtles, Lepidochelys olivacea, from Gahirmatha, Orissa Current Science 70 3 246-248 Journal Article Saidapur, S. K.;Hoque, B. 1996 Long-term effects of ovariectomy on abdominal fat body and body masses in the frog Rana tigrina during the recrudescent phase Journal of Herpetology 30 1 70-73 Rana tigrina; Ovariectomy Journal Article Saint Girons, Hubert 1996 Structure et évolution d'une petite population de Vipera aspis (L.) dans une région de Bocage de l'ouest de la France Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie) 51 223-241 Book Section Saint Girons, Hubert n.d. Comparative histology of the endocrine glands, nasal cavities and digestive tract in anguimorph lizards Bellairs, Angus d'A. and Cox, C. Barry London Linnean Society 205-216, 2 plates Journal Article Sakulina, Nina A. 1996 The ground substance layer in the skin of the Common Frog (Rana temporaria) Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 213-216 Journal Article Salas, Antonio W.;Sinsch, Ulrich 1996 Two new Telmatobius species (Leptodactylidae, Telmatobiinae) of Ancash, Peru Alytes 14 1 1-26 Peru; new species; Telmatobius hockingi sp nov.; Telmatobius mayoloi sp. nov.; morphometrics; taxonomy; systematics Journal Article Salisbury, S.W.;Willis, P.M.A. 1996 A new crocodylian from the early Eocene of south-eastern Queensland and a preliminary investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of Crocodyloids Atcheringa 20 3-4 179-226 fossil, taxonomy, evolution, Kambara implexidens sp. nov. is the second crocodylomorph from the Early Eocene (Ypresian) Tingamarra Local Fauna at Boat Mountain, near the township of Murgon, southeastern Queensland. Kambara is now the best represented genus of early Tertiary crocodylomorphs yet collected from Australia. The new species differs from Kambara murgonensis in several features, the most significant of which is possession of an interlocking dentition. Both species occur in a single stratigraphic horizon, possibly indicating two sympatric populations. The presence of adults and hatchlings, coupled with the rarity of intermediately sized animals in the Murgon sample suggests the area may have been used as a nesting ground by one or both species. The new material permits a detailed reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of Australia's Tertiary crocodylians, and provides impetus for a preliminary investigation into the relationships of many putative crocodylid stem taxa We define Crocodyloidea and Crocodylidae as the descent community and crown group respectively of extant crocodylids (species of Crocodylus, Osteolaemus tetraspis and Tomistoma schlegelii) so as to place these taxa in a taxonomy reflecting phylogenetic relationships. Our results tentatively suggest that Mekosuchinae, as defined previously, is polyphyletic; Harpacochampsa camfieldensis is more closely related to Crocodylidae, whereas all other mekosuchines appear to represent a relic Gondwanan radiation of plesiomorphic crocodyloids, outwardly similar to several early Tertiary Northern Hemisphere forms of comparable grade such as Asiatosuchus germanicus and 'Crocodylus' affinis. Within Mekosuchinae (excluding Harpacochampsa camfieldensis), species of Kambara form a clade with Australosuchus clarkae. This clade forms an unresolved trichotomy with species of Pallimnarchus and Mekosuchini (species of Baru, Mekosuchus, Quinkana and Trilophosuchus rackhami). A previous trend in the study of crocodylomorph phylogeny has been to exclude from consideration characters thought to be associated with adaptive complexes, as this was seen to introduce unnecessary homoplasy. We challenge this assumption. Detailed investigation of the distribution of such characters among crocodylians can provide significant evolutionary information at varying taxonomic levels. Journal Article Salm, Rodney V.;Humphrey, Sarah 1996 Brighter horizon for sea turtles in the western Indian Ocean Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 13-17 Journal Article Salvador, Alfredo 1996 Amphibians of Northwest Africa Smithsonian Information Service 109 1-41 North Africa; Amphibians; Key; Distribution Journal Article Salvador, Alfredo;Martín, José;López, Pilar;Veiga, José P. 1996 Long-term effect of tail loss on home-range size and access to females in male lizards (Psammodromus algirus) Copeia 1996 1 208-209 Psammodromus algirus; Home range size; Tail loss Journal Article Salvador, A. 1996 Amphibians of northwest Africa Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 109 Journal Article Salzberg, Allen 1996 Preliminary report: live freshwater turtle & tortoise trade in the United States Herp News Today 1996 February 4-5 Journal Article Salzberg, Anita 1996 On the pot with a snapping turtle Reptiles 4 7 86-95 Journal Article Salzberg, Anita 1996 Le Village des Tortues: A conservation success story Reptiles 4 10 76-83 Testudo hermanni; Conservation Journal Article Salzberg, Allen 1996 Gifts for the young herper Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Holiday 42-47 Journal Article Samuelson, Phillip 1996 Book Review: Design and maintenance of Desert Vivaria Reptiles 4 9 26-27 Book review Journal Article Samuelson, Phillip 1996 Book Review: Green Iguanas Yearbook and Iguana iguana: A Guide to Successful Captive Care Reptiles 4 3 8-10 Book Review Journal Article Samuelson, Phillip 1996 Breeding the Texas tortoise (Gopherus berlandieri) Reptiles 4 6 54-55 Journal Article Samuelson, Phillip 1996 Book Review: Snake Keeping: Proven Techniques Everyone Can Use Reptiles 4 8 106-107 Book review Journal Article Samuelson, Phillip 1996 Video Review: Kingsnakes and Milksnakes and Bearded Dragon care Reptiles 4 7 104-105 Journal Article Samuelson, Phillip 1996 Book Review: Iguanas of the World, Their Behavior, Ecology and Conservation Reptiles 4 1 30 Book Review Journal Article Samuelson, Phillip 1996 Book Review: The Dangerous Snakes of Africa Reptiles 4 2 72-73 Book Review Journal Article Sanches, Juan J.;Bolaños, Juan R.;Piedra, Lilliana 1996 Población de Crocodylus acutus en dos rios de Costa Rica. Population of Crocodylus acutus in two rivers in Costa Rica Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 2 17-19 Crocodylus acutus Journal Article Sanchez, J.J.;Bolanos, J.R.;Piedra, L. 1996 Population levels of Crocodylus acutus (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae) in 2 rivers of Costa Rica (In Spanish) Rev. Biol. Trop. 44 2 835-840 CA, distribution, Spatial distribution and population size of Crocodylus acutus were estimated during December 1992-March 1993 in the Tempisque and Bebedero rivers, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Along 47 km, 138 crocodiles were seen: 2.9 ind/km in Tempisque; 4.5 ind/km in Bebedero. The total length distribution in Tempisque (divided in areas B, C and D) presents individuals in Size I (hatchlings) in area B. Size II (recruits) were mainly found in area C, together with sizes III and VII (juveniles and adults). Area D lacked with sizes IV and VII. In Bebedero most were juveniles. Animals were noticed mainly for their ''eyes'': 48% to size I, 36% to size III. Sexualy mature individuals were concentrated in areas C and D, and were 12.3% of the observed animals. The size distribution, without considering the ''eyes'' class, was 3% hatchlings, 24.2 recruits, 30.3% juveniles and 3% adults in Bebedero; and 13%, 12.3%, 14.5% and 12.3% respectively in Tempisque. Journal Article Sangha, Soni;Smola, Michael A.;McKinney, Shauna L.;Crotzer, David R.;Shadrix, Craig A.;Stewart, James R. 1996 The effect of surgical removal of oviductal eggs on placental function and size of neonates in the viviparous snake Virginia striatula Herpetologica 52 1 32-36 Viviparity; Placentation; Matrotrophy; Serpentes; Virginia striatula Journal Article Santiapillai, Charles 1996 Crocodiles in Ruhuna National Park Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 8 Journal Article Santos, Sandra Aparecida;Nogueira, Marcelo Stoll;Pinheiro, Max Silva;Campos, Zilca;Magnusson, William E.;Mourao, Guilherme M. 1996 Diets of Caiman crocodilus yacare from different habitats in the Brazilian Pantanal Herpetological Journal 6 4 111-117 Caiman crocodilus yacare; Diet; Brazilian Pantanal Journal Article Santos-Barrera, Georgina;Mendoza-Quijano, Fernando;Pérez-Nuñez, Alicia 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana brownorum Herpetological Review 27 4 209 Journal Article Sanuy, Delfi;Joly, Pierre 1996 Influence of water deprivation on waterward orientation in Bufo calamita Revista Española de Herpetología 10 29-32 Journal Article Sarkar, S.;Sarkar, N.K.;Das, P.;Maiti, B.R. 1996 Photothermal effects on ovarian growth and function in the soft-shelled turtle Lissemys punctata punctata Journal of Experimental Zoology 274 1 41-55 STERNOTHERUS-ODORATUS; MUSK TURTLE; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; PLASMA STEROIDS; SEA-TURTLES; TEMPERATURE; CYCLE; PHOTOPERIOD Journal Article Sarkar, Sahotra 1996 Ecological theory and anuran declines BioScience 46 199-207 golden toad, gastric brooding frog, extinction Journal Article Sarti, Laura 1996 A note about declining leatherbacks in Mexico Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 25-26 Sea turtles Journal Article Sarti, Laura;Eckert, Scott A.;Garcia, Ninel;Barragan, Ana Rebeca 1996 Decline of the world's largest nesting assemblage of leatherback turtles Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 2-5 Dermochelys coriacea Journal Article Sasayama, Y.;Taniguchi, K.;Suzuki, N.;Srivastav, A. K. 1996 The non-effect of parathyroidectomy in the aquatic limbless newt (Apoda, Amphibia) Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 72 6 329-332 Typhlonectes Compressicauda; Endocrine Gland; Calcium In the aquatic limbless newt, Typhlonectes compressicauda (Apoda, Amphibia), serum Ca levels of parathyroidectomized newts were no lower than for the control newts at 1 week after the operation. In this species, the parathyroid glands may not be functional in raising the serum Ca levels. Journal Article Sathyanarayana, M. C.;Sampath, K. 1996 Structural features of helminth parasites of amphibians Zoo's print 11 5 30-33 Helminths; Parasites Journal Article Saumure, Raymond A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Chelydra serpentina serpentina Herpetological Review 27 3 150 Journal Article Saumure, Raymond A.;Bider, J. Roger 1996 Clemmys insculpta (Wood turtle). Ectoparasites Herpetological Review 27 4 197-198 Journal Article Savage, Jay M.;Slowinski, Joseph B. 1996 Evolution of coloration, urotomy and coral snake mimicry in the snake genus Scaphiodontophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57 129-194 Journal Article Savage, Jay M.;McCranie, James R.;Espinal, Mario 1996 A new species of Eleutherodactylus from Honduras related to Eleutherodactylus bransfordii (Anura: Leptodactylidae) Proceedings fo the Biological Society of Washington 109 366-372 E. lauraster, E. rhodopis Journal Article Savignano, Dolores A. 1996 The Clark County Desert Tortoise Conservation Plan: progress report - March 1996 Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 24-25 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Sá, Rafael O. De;Lavilla, E.O. 1996 Características de la osificación craneal en Phyllomedusa Boliviana (Anura: Hylidae) Cuadernos Herpetologicos 9 69-73 cranial ossification Journal Article Sáenz, Ignacio 1996 Snake day Reptilia 2 8 4 Journal Article Sánchez R., Juan J.;Bolaños, Juan R.;Piedra C., Lilliana 1996 Poblacíon de Crocodylus acutus (Crocodylia: Crocodylidae) en dos ríos de Costa Rica Revista de Biologia Tropical 44 2 835-840 Journal Article Scarpone, Chris 1996 The chameleons' tale: the education of a herpetoculturist Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 8 147-150 Journal Article Schabetsberger, Robert;Brozek, Susanne;Entacher, Karl;Jersabek, Christian;Goldschmid, Alfred 1996 Effects of temperature and body weight on gastric evacuation rates of alpine newt (Triturus alpestris) larvae Herpetological Journal 6 3 75-81 Triturus alpestris; Digestion rate Journal Article Schaeffer, Dorcas O. 1996 Book Review: Health and Welfare of Captive Reptiles Herpetological Review 27 1 48 Book Review Journal Article Schall, Jos J. 1996 Cnemidophorus murinus ruthveni (Bonaire Island whiptail lizard). Seeds in diet Herpetological Review 27 3 142-143 Journal Article Schardt, Michael 1996 Ein zweifacher, lebensfähiger Zwillingsschlupf bei Iguana iguana (Linnaeus 1758) Elaphe 4 4 14-20 Iguana iguana Journal Article Scheidt, Vince 1996 Reptile egg incubator Reptiles 4 12 84-87 inubator design Journal Article Schiesari, Luís C.;Grillitsch, Britta;Vogl, Claus 1996 Comparative morphology of phytotelmonous and pond-dwelling larvae of four neotropical treefrog species (Anura, Hylidae, Osteocephalus oophagus, Osteocephalus taurinus, Phrynohyas resinifictrix, Phrynohyas venulosa) Alytes 13 4 109-139; 14(3):127-128 Morphology; Anura; Hylidae; Osteocephalus oophagus; Osteocephalus taurinus; Phrynohyas resinifictrix; Phrynohyas venulosa Journal Article Schiesari, Luís César;Moreira, Glória 1996 The tadpole of Phrynohyas coriacea (Hylidae) with comments on the species' reproduction Journal of Herpetology 30 3 404-407 Phrynohyas coriacea; reproduction Journal Article Schildger, B.J.;Tenhu, H.;Kramer, M.;Casares, M.;Gerwing, M.;Geyer, B.;Rubel, A.;Isenbugel, E. 1996 Ultrasonography in reptiles Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 109 4 136-141 Reptilia, testudines, pathology, ultrasonography, egg Ultrasonography in reptiles is a safe, noninvasive repeatable diagnostic imagine methode. Size, volume and inner structure of organs can easily be determined. Based on 460 ultrasonographic examinations in 8 species of terrapines, 12 species of snakes and 22 species of lizard normal appearance of heart, liver, gonades, fat bodies, kidneys, bladder and gastrointertinal tract are described. Pathological findings are explained in details using examples. BJ Schildger/Zool Garten Frankfurt/Alfred Brehm Pl 16/D-60316 Frankfurt, Germany Journal Article Schleich, H. H. 1996 Beitrag zur Systematik des Formenkreises von Mauremys leprosa (Schweigger) in Marokko Spixiana Suppl. 22 29-59 Book Schleich, H. Hermann;Kästle, Werner;Kabisch, Klaus 1996 Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa Königstein, Germany Koeltz 627 Africa Book Schleich, H. Hermann;Kästle, Werner;Kabisch, Klaus 1996 Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa Königstein, Germany Koeltz 627 p. Journal Article Schleser, David M.;Roberts, David T. 1996 Arachnids and such: An introduction to arachnids Vivarium 7 4 22-27 Journal Article Schlüpmann, Martin 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Gewässerversauerung. Limnologie Untersuchungen zur Versauerung stehender Gewässer im Nordschwarzwald unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Amphibienfauna Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 203-204 Book Review Journal Article Schlüpmann, Martin 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Biologie am bach. Praktische Limnologie fürSchule und Naturschutz Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 204-205 Book Review Journal Article Schlüpmann, Martin 1996 Die Gelbbauchunke, (Bombina v. variegata) in Nordrhein-Westfalen Naturschutzreport 11 1 113-130 Journal Article Schlüter, Uwe 1996 Braunnattern und halsbandnattern im terrarium DATZ 49 1 36-38 Storeria dekayi; Diadophis punctatus Journal Article Schlüter, Uwe 1996 Höhlenkinder Krokodil-Nachtechsen DATZ 49 5 286-287 Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Journal Article Schmidlin, Laurent;Bonnet, Xavier;Tege, Christian 1996 Coluber viridiflavus (European whip snake). Cannibalism Herpetological Review 27 3 143 Journal Article Schmidt, Matthias 1996 Anolis marmoratus Duméril & Bibron, 1837 Reptilia 2 8 39-42 Anolis marmoratus Journal Article Schmidt, Wolfgang 1996 Chamaeleo calyptratus Reptilia 2 8 61-64 Chamaeleo calyptratus Journal Article Schmidt, Dieter 1996 Der "Waran-Papst" Elaphe 4 4 77-80 Varanus Journal Article Schmidt, Wolfgang;Müller, Veronika 1996 Der blattschwanzgecko Uroplatus henkeli im terrarium DATZ 49 2 103-105 Uroplatus henkeli Journal Article Schmidt, Matthias 1996 Gator am Spiess Reptilia 1 1 26-27 Journal Article Schmidt, Dieter 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Wunderschöne Schmuckschildkröten Elaphe 4 3 69-70 Book review Journal Article Schmidt, Dieter 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Das Terrarium - einrichten und pflegen leicht gemacht Elaphe 4 3 68-69 Book review Journal Article Schmidt, Detlef;Sprenger, Markus 1996 Jagendarbeit in der DGHT Elaphe 4 1 76-77 Journal Article Schmidt, Thornsten 1996 Die Rauhe grasnatter Opheodrys aestivus im Terrarium Elaphe 4 2 16-21 Opheodrys aestivus Journal Article Schmidt, Dieter 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Pfeilgiftfrösche im Terrarium Elaphe 4 2 52-53 Book review Journal Article Schmidt, A.;Wake, D. B.;Wake, M. H. 1996 Motor nuclei of nerves innervating the tongue and hypoglossal musculature in a caecilian (amphibia:gymnophiona), as revealed by HRP transport J Comp Neurol 370 3 342-9 The organization of the motor nuclei of the glossopharyngeal, vagal, occipital, first spinal and second spinal nerves of Typhlonectes natans (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliaidae: Typhlonectinae) was studied by using horseradish peroxidase reaction staining. Each nucleus has discrete patterns of cytoarchitecture and of topography. Nuclei are elongate and some overlap anteroposteriorly. The brainstem is elongate, with no distinct demarcation of brainstem from spinal cord. The occipital nerve emerges through a separate foramen from that for the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves in the species studied, is distinct from both, and its nucleus is more similar to spinal nuclei in cytoarchitecture. The occipital nerve fuses with spinal nerves 1 and 2 to contribute to the hypoglossal trunk. A spinal accessory nerve is absent. Journal Article Schmidt, Andrea;Wake, David B.;Wake, Marvalee H. 1996 Motor nuclei of nerves innervating the tongue and hypoglossal musculature in a caecilian (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), as revealed by HRP transport Journal of Comparative Neurology 370 342-349 Journal Article Schmidt, Alfred A.;Köhler, Gunther 1996 (1997) Zur Biologie von Bolitoglossa mexicana: Freilandbeobachtungen, Pflege und Nachzucht [Notes on the biology of Bolitoglossa mexicana: Field observations, husbandry, and breeding] Salamandra 32 4 275-284 Plethodontidae; Bolitoglossa mexicana; Range extension; Honduras; Husbandry; Breeding Book Section Schneeweiß, Norbert 1996 Zur Verbreitung und Bestandsentwicklun der Rotbauchunke Bombina bombina Linnaeus, 1761 in Brandenburg Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 87-103 Bombina bombina; Germany; Status Journal Article Schneider, Joan S. 1996 The desert tortoise and early peoples of the western deserts A special report perpared for the Desert Tortoise Preserve Committee, Inc. 1-10 Folklore; Gopherus agassizii; Anthropology Journal Article Schneider, C. J. 1996 Distinguishing between primary and secondary intergradation among morphologically differentiated populations of Anolis marmoratus Molecular Ecology 5 239-249 Journal Article Schofield, Frank 1996 Captive breeding borderline boids Reptilian 4 5 12-17 Calabaria reinhardtii Journal Article Schroth, W.;Streit, B.;Schierwater, B. 1996 Evolutionary handicap for turtles Nature 384 521-522 loggerhead; DNA Journal Article Schröer, Torsten 1996 Morphologie und Ploidiegrade von Wasserfröschen aus unterschiedlichen populationssystemen in Nordost-Polen [Morphology and ploidy levels of water frogs from different population systems in Northeast Poland] Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 133-150 Poland; Rana lessonae; Rana kl. esculenta; Morphology; Erythrocyte size; Nuclear DNA content; Ploidy level; Gene-dose effect; Habitat choice; Population system Journal Article Schu, Peter 1996 Erfahrungen bei der Haltung und Vermehrung von brasilianischen Hundskopfschlingern (Corallus caninus) Elaphe 4 2 5-9 Corallus caninus; breeding Journal Article Schuessler, Raymond 1996 Stamping out reptiles Reptiles 4 6 32-33 Journal Article Schulte, Glen 1996 Lecturing on herps The Forked Tongue 21 1 1-2 Journal Article Schulte, Glen 1996 General care tips for Typhlonectes natans: the caecilian worm The Forked Tongue 21 1 2-3 Typhlonectes natans Journal Article Schulte, Matthias 1996 Epipedobates cainarachi und Dendrobates imitator DATZ 49 11 708-710 Dendrobates imitator; Epipdobates cainarachi Journal Article Schultschik, Günter;Steinfartz, Sebastian 1996 Ergebnisse einer herpetologischen Exkursion in den Iran [Results of a herpetological excursion to Iran] Herpetozoa 9 1/2 91-95 Iran; Amphibia; caudata; Neurergus kaiseri; Neurergus microspilotus; salamandra salamandra; Batrachuperus persicus; Biology Book Schulz, Klaus-Dieter 1996 A Monograph of the Colubrid Snakes of the Genus Elaphe Fitzinger Brod, Czeh Republic Koeltz Scientific Books 439 Journal Article Schumacher, Robert A. H. 1996 Haltung und zucht einer mittelamerikanischen schneckennatter - Dipsas tenuissima Taylor, 1954 im terrarium [Keeping and breeding of a Central American snail-eating snake - Dipsas tenuissima Taylor, 1954 in the terrarium] Sauria 18 1 3-10 Reptilia; squamata; serpentes; colubridae; Dipsadinae; Dipsas tenuissima; Distribution; Biotope; Systematics; Husbandry; Diet; reproduction Journal Article Schumacher, J.;Papendick, R.;Herbst, L.;Jacobson, E.R. 1996 Volvulus of the proximal colon in a Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 3 386-391 Reptilia, testudines, Hawksbill turtle, Eretmochelys imbricata, pathology, intestine, volvulus, impaction An adult 68-kg male Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) with clinical signs of lethargy and anorexia was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Florida, for evaluation and treatment of a possible intestinal obstruction. Whole-body radiographs revealed an obstruction of the distal colon and gas-distended loops of the small intestine and colon proximal to the obstruction site. The turtle died on the day of presentation during evaluation. At necropsy, ail parietal and visceral coelomic surfaces were covered with a thick layer of fibrinous exudate. The coelomic cavity contained approximately 2 L of red fluid. The distal colon contained multiple foreign bodies, including a rubber band and multiple pieces of thin wire that were incorporated in 40 cm of firm fecal material coated with mucus and fibrin. A 360 degrees volvulus incorporating approximately 60 cm of colon just proximal to the chronic obstruction was present. Anaerobic culture of coelom yielded heavy growth of Clostridium sp. The death of this turtle was associated with clostridial toxemia secondary to devitalization of the section of colon involved in the volvulus. J Schumacher, Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA Journal Article Schuster, Bernd 1996 Bemerkungen zur Nachzucht von Basiliscus plumifrons im Terrarium Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 24-27 Basiliscus plumifrons Journal Article Schüpmann, Martin 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Die Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina). Ökologie und Bestandssituation Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 205-206 Book Review Journal Article Schüpmann, Martin 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Die Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals, Madeiras und dr Azoren Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 206-207 Book Review Journal Article Schüpmann, Martin 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Metelener Schriftenreihe für Naturschultz. Band 5 Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 207-208 Book Review Journal Article Scollins, Thomas B. 1996 European fire salamanders Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 Mar./Apr. 38-45 Salamandra salamandra Book Scott, Chris 1996 Snake Lover's Lifelist & journal Austin, TX University of Texas Press 246 Journal Article Scrocchi, Gustavo J.;Gonzales, Lucindo 1996 Kentropyx calcarata (NCN). Behavior Herpetological Review 27 4 201 Journal Article Scrocchi, Gustavo;Kretzschmar, Sonia 1996 Guía de métodos de captura y preparación de anfibios y reptiles para estudios científicos y manejo de colecciones herpetológicas Miscelanea 102 1-44 Journal Article Scudder-Davis, M.;Burghardt, Gordon M. 1996 Ontogenetic changes in growth efficiency in laboratory-reared water snakes of the genus Nerodia The Snake 27 2 75-84 Journal Article Sea Turtle Protection Society of Greece;Staub, Mercè Viader 1996 Tortugas marinas de Grecia Reptilia 2 4 64-67 Journal Article Sealy, John B. 1996 Crotalus horridus( Timber rattlesnake). Mating Herpetological Review 27 1 23-24 Crotalus horridus; Mating Edited Book Sehnal, Peter;Zettel, Herbert 1996 Esquinas-Nationalpark: Der Regenwald der Österreicher in Costa Rica Wien, Austria Naturhistorisches Museum Wien 143 Journal Article Sehnal, Peter;Benyr, Gerald;Rathbauer, Frans;Proy, Christian;Benyr, Christa;Guttmann, Thomas 1996 Herpetologische Bestandserhebung im militärischen Sperrgebiet Allentsteig (Niederösterreich) [Herpetological inventory of the Allensteig military training area (Lower Austria)] Herpetozoa 9 1/2 3-18 Amphibians; reptiles; distribution; mapping; military training area 'Allensteig'; Austria Journal Article Seidel, Bernhard 1996 Streifzug durch die Verhaltens- und Populationsbiologie von Gelbbauchunken, Bombina variegata (L., 1758) (Anura: Bombinatoridae), in einem Habitat mit temporären Gewässern Naturschutzreport 11 1 16-31 Journal Article Sekar, A. G. 1996 habitat and breeding sites of amphibians of Western India Zoo's print 11 5 2-3 India Journal Article Sekar, A. G. 1996 Habitat and breeding sites of amphibians of western India Zoos' Print 11 5 2-3 Journal Article Selbert, Pamela 1996 Giving Leptodactylus fallax a leg up Reptiles 4 12 32-39 Leptodactylus fallax Journal Article Selbert, Pamela 1996 A reptile haven Reptiles 4 1 116 Journal Article Selby, Michelle F.;Winkel, Scott C.;Petranka, James W. 1996 Geographic uniformity in agonistic behaviors of Jordan's salamander Herpetologica 52 1 108-115 Aggression; Agonistic behavior; geographic variation; Plethodon jordani; Size-specific aggression Journal Article Seligmann, H.;Paz, S.;Salvador, A. 1996 Proceedings of the thirty-third meeting of the Zoological Society of Israel Israel Journal of Zoology 43 115-116 Podacris pityusensis, Lacertilia, Eivissa Journal Article Seligmann, Hervé;Beiles, Avigdor;Werner, Yehudah L. 1996 Morphotypes related to tail loss in lizards Preservation of Our World in the Wake of Change 4 A/B (in press) Journal Article Seligmann, H. 1996 Proceedings of the thirty-third meeting of the Zoological Society of Israel Israel Journal of Zoology 43 115 Autotomy, tail loss, lizards Journal Article Seligmann, Hervé;Beiles, Avigdor;Werner, Yehudah L. 1996 Tail loss frequencies of lizards and predator specialization Preservation of Our World in the Wake of Change 4, A/B 520-522 lizards, autotomy, predatoy-prey interactions, learning, escape behavior Journal Article Semak, Nicolas 1996 Der Reptilienzoo "Iguana" in Vlissingen Elaphe 4 4 74-76 Book Section Semlitch, Raymond D.;Scott, David E.;Pechmann, Joseph H. K.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1996 Structure and dynamics of an amphibian community: evidence from a 16-year study of a natural pond Long-Term Studies of Vertebrate Communities New York Academic Press 217-248 Book Section Semlitsch, Raymond D.;Scott, David E.;Peachmann, Joseph H. K.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield 1996 Structure and dynamics of an amphibian community: Evidence from a 16-year study of a natural pond Long-Term Studies of Vertebrate Communities Academic Press 217-248 Edited Book Sengoku, Showichi;Hikida, Tsutomu;Matsui, Masafumi;Nakaya, Kazuhira 1996 The Encyclopedia of Animals in Japan. Volume 5: Amphibians, Reptiles, Chondrichthyes Tokyo Heibonsha Limited 190 Japan Edited Book Sengoku, Shouichi 1996 Picture Book of 800 Reptiles and Amphibians Tokyo Pisces 431 Journal Article Señaris, J. Celsa;Ayarzagüena, José;Gorzula, Stefan 1996 Revision taxonomica del genero Stefania (Anura; Hylidae) en Venezuela con la descripcion de cinco nuevas especies Publ. Asoc. Amigos Doñana 7 5-60 Journal Article Sequeira, Fernando;Teixeira, José;Alexandrino, João;Lima, Victor;Ferrano, Nuno 1996 Distribución de Chioglossa lusitanica en Portugal Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 7-8 Journal Article Server, David M.;Rania, Lisa C.;Krenz, John D. 1996 Reproduction of Salamander Siren intermedia Le Conte with especial reference to oviducal anatomy and mode of fertilization Journal of Morphology 227 335 - 348 Salamander, Siren intermedia, reprodution, fertilization Journal Article Sesti, F.;Nizzari, M.;Torre, V. 1996 Effect of changing temperature on the ionic permeation through the cyclic GMP-gated channel from vertebrate photoreceptors Biophys J 70 6 2616-39 Ambystoma; Animal; Biophysics; Cattle; Cyclic GMP/*metabolism; Female; In Vitro; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism; Ion Transport; Membrane Potentials; Oocytes; Photoreceptors/*metabolism; Point Mutation; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism; Solutions; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Xenopus laevis Native cGMP-gated channels were studied in rod outer segments of the larval tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. The alpha subunit of the cGMP-gated channel from bovine rods, here referred to as the wild type (w.t.), and mutant channels were heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. These channels were studied in excised membrane patches in the inside-out configuration and were activated by the addition of 100 or 500 microM cGMP. The effect of temperature on the ionic permeation was studied. The macroscopic current flowing through the native channel at +100 mV had an activation energy of 35.8, 30, 31.8, 34.5, 41.3, and 22.4 kJ mol-1 in the presence of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, and NH4+, respectively. The macroscopic current flowing through the w.t. channel at +100 mV had an activation energy of 45.2, 38.2, 37.5, 47.3, 49.4, and 38.9 kJ mol-1 in the presence of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, and NH4+, respectively. The activation energy of the macroscopic current flowing through the native and w.t. channels did not vary significantly when the ionic concentration of the permeant ion was changed between 2.5 and 110 mM. The activation energy of the single- channel current of the w.t. channel at +100 mV was 40.4 and 33 kJ mol-1 for Na+ and NH4+, respectively. The reversal potential of biionic solutions changed significantly with temperature. These results can be used to obtain an estimate of the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the barrier of the Gibbs free energy experienced by an ion during its permeation through the open channel. These estimates indicate that the ionic permeation and selectivity of the cGMP-gated channel are controlled both by enthalpic and entropic factors and that the selectivity of the native channel for Li+ over Na+ is primarily caused by entropic effects. Journal Article Sever, David M.;Bart, Henry L., Jr 1996 Ultrastructure of the spermathecae of Nectrurus beyeri (Amphibia: Proteidae) in relation to its breeding season Copeia 1996 4 927-937 Nectrurus beyeri; Spermathecae; breeding season Journal Article Sever, David M.;Rania, Lisa C.;Krenz, John D. 1996 Reproduction of the salamander Siren intermedia Le Conte with Especial reference to oviducal anatomy and mode of fertilization Journal of Morphology 227 335-348 Journal Article Sever, David M.;Rania, Lisa C.;Krenz, John D. 1996 Annual cycle of sperm storage in spermathecae of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae) Journal of Morphology 227 155-170 Journal Article Sever, David M. ;Rania, Lisa C.;Krenz, John D. 1996 Annual cycle of sperm storage in Spermathecae of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens ( Amphibia: Salamandridae ) Journal of Morphology 227 155 - 170 Amphibia, Salamandridae, Spermathecae Journal Article Sever, D. M.;Rania, L. C.;Krenz, J. D. 1996 Reproduction of the salamander Siren intermedia Le Conte with special reference to oviducal anatomy and mode of fertilization Journal of Morphology 227 335-348 fertilization, reproduction, salamanders, proteiidae Journal Article Sever, David M.;Rania, Lisa C.;Krenz, John D. 1996 Annual cycle of sperm storage in the spermathecae of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens (Amphibia: Salamandridae) Journal of Morphology 227 155-170 Journal Article Sever, David M.;Rania, Lisa C.;Krenz, John D. 1996 Reproduction of the salamander, Siren intermedia Le Conte with especial reference to oviductal anatomy and mode of fertilization Journal of Morphology 227 335-348 Journal Article Sever, D. M.;Rania, L. C.;Krenz., J. D. 1996 Reproduction of the salamander, Siren intermedia Le Conte with special reference to oviducal anatomy and mode fertilization. Journal of Morphology 227 335-348 Journal Article Shaffer, H. Bradley;McKnight, Mark L. 1996 the polytypic species revisited: genetic differentiation and molecular phylogenetics of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum (Amphibia: Caudata) complex Ecology 50 1 417-433 Journal Article Shaffer, H. B.;McKnight., M. L. 1996 The polytypic species revisited: genetic differentiation and molecular phylogenetic of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum (Amphibia: Caudata) complex Evolution 50 417-433 Journal Article Shaffer, H. B.;Voss., S. R. 1996 Phylogenetic and mechanistic analysis of a developmentally integrated character complex: alternate life history modes in ambystomatid salamanders American Zoologist 36 24-35 Journal Article Sharma, Rajnesh K.;Grewal, Sunita 1996 DNA, RNA, and protein changes in ovarian follicles of the house gecko, Hemidactylus flavivirdis Journal of Herpetology 30 1 76-78 Hemidactylus flavivirdis Journal Article Sharp, Stephen 1996 A case of twins in a California kingsnake The Herptile 21 1 17 Lampropeltis getula Journal Article Sharp, S.;Dobson, M. 1996 The care and breeding of the fox snake (Elaphe vulpina vulpina) The Herptile 21 3 119-122 Elaphe vulpina Journal Article Shaver, Donna J. 1996 A note about kemp's ridleys nesting in Texas Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 25 Sea turtles; Lepidochelys kempii Journal Article Shaver, Donna J. 1996 Head-started Kemp's ridley turtles nest in Texas Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 74 5-7 Lepidochelys kempii Journal Article Shaw, Sandy 1996 The tail of strangler: One mother's story Reptiles 4 12 20 Book review Journal Article Shea, Glenn M. 1996 Correction of the incorrect original spelling of the species name of a Hydrophiid snake The Snake 27 2 157 Journal Article Shea, Glenn 1996 Book review: Handbook of Lizards. Lizards of the United States and Canada Herpetofauna 26 2 54 Book review Journal Article Shea, Glenn 1996 Book review: The Taipan. The World's Most Dangerous Snake Herpetofauna 26 2 55-56 Book review Journal Article Shea, Glenn M. ` Book review: Die Amphibien und Reptilien Deutschlands Herpetofauna 28 1 56 Dept. of Veterinary Anatomy & Pathology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Journal Article Sherbrooke, Wade C. 1996 Reactions of Costa Rican hummingbirds to models of two color-morphs of the eyelash palm-viper (Bothriechis schlegelii Sonoran Herpetologist 9 1 2-3 Bothriechis schlegelii Journal Article Shetty, Sohan;Devi Prasad, K. V. 1996 Studies on the terrestrial behaviour of Laticauda colubrina in the Andaman Islands, India Hamadryad 21 23-26 Laticauda colubrina; terrestrial behavior; habitat selection; Andaman Islands; India Journal Article Shetty, Sohan;Devi Prasad, K. V. 1996 Geographic variation in the number of bands in Laticauda colubrina Hamadryad 21 44-45 Laticauda colubrina Journal Article Shillington, Cara;Verrell, Paul 1996 Multiple mating by females is not dependent on body size in the salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 33-38 Desmognathus ochrophaeus; multiple mating Journal Article Shimoyama, Ryohei 1996 Sympatric and synchronous breeding by two pond frogs, Rana porosa brevipoda and Rana nigromaculata Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16 3 87-93 Rana porosa; Rana nigromaculata; mixed-species chorus; Synchronous breeding; sympatric breeding Journal Article Shine, Richard;Haagner, Gerald V.;Branch, William R.;Harlow, Peter S.;Webb, Jonathan K. 1996 Natural history of the African Shielnose snake Aspidelaps scutatus (Serpentes, Elapidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 3 361-366 Aspidelaps scutatus; natural history; diet; sexual dimorphism; reproductive biology Journal Article Shine, Richard;Harlow, Peter S.;Keogh, J. Scott 1996 Commercial harvesting of giant lizards: The biology of water monitors Varanus salvator in southern Sumatra Biological Conservation 77 125-134 Varanus salvator; Asia; Sumatra; Lacertilia; leather; reproduction; skinning; sustainable use; Varanidae; wildlife Journal Article Shine, Richard;Keogh, J. Scott 1996 Food habits and reproductive biology of the endemic Melanesian elapids: Are tropical snakes really different? Journal of Herpetology 30 2 238-247 Melanesia; Elapidae; Food habits; Diet; Reproductive biology Journal Article Shine, Richard;Harlow, Peter S.;Branch, William R.;Webb, Jonathan K. 1996 Life on the lowest branch: sexual dimorphism, diet, and reproductive biology of an African twig snake, Thelotornis capensis (Serpentes, Colubridae) Copeia 1996 2 290-299 Thelotornis capensis; sexual dimorphism; diet; reproductive biology; Africa Journal Article Shine, R.;Seigel, R. A. 1996 A neglected life-history trait: clutch-size variance in snakes Journal of Zoology, London 239 209-223 Journal Article Shine, R.;Madsen, T. 1996 Is thermoregulation unimportant for most reptiles? An example using water pythons (Liasis fuscus) in tropical Australia Physiological Zoology 69 252-269 temperature, activity, microhabitats Journal Article Shine, R.;Branch, W. R.;Harlow, P. S.;Webb, J. K. 1996 Sexual dimorphism, reproductive biology, and food habits of two species of African filesnakes (Mehelya, Colubridae) Journal of Zoology, London 240 327-340 diet, reproduction, Africa Journal Article Shine, R. 1996 Life-history evolution in Australian snakes: a path analysis Oecologia 107 484-489 reproduction, clutch size, allometry, sexual dimorphism, sexual selection Journal Article Shine, R.;Fitzgerald, M. 1996 Large snakes in a mosaic rural landscape: the ecology of carpet pythons Morelia spilota (Serpentes: Pythonidae) in coastal eastern Australia Biological Conservation 76 113-122 conservation, thermoregulation, temperature, diet, movement Journal Article Shine, R.;Haagner, G. V.;Branch, W. R.;Harlow, P. S.;Webb, J. K. 1996 Natural history of the African shieldnose snake Aspididelaps scutatus (Serpentes, Elapidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 361-366 morphology, sexual dimorphism, sexual selection, diet, reproduction Journal Article Shine, R.;Harlow, P. S.;Branch, W. R.;Webb, J. K. 1996 Life on the lowest branch: Sexual dimorphism, diet, and reproductive biology of an African twig snake, Thelotornis capensis (Serpentes, Colubridae) Copeia 1996 290-299 Colubridae, Temperate, Africa Journal Article Shine, R.;Harlow, P. S.;Keogh, J. S.;Boeadi 1996 Commercial harvesting of large lizards: the biology of water monitors Varanus salvator in southern Sumatra Biological Conservation 77 125-134 Varanidae, tropical, conservationclutch size, body size, reproduction Journal Article Shine, R.;Schwarzkopf, L.;Caley, M. J. 1996 Energy, risk, and reptilian reproductive effort: a reply to Niewiarowski and Dunham Evolution 50 2111-2114 life history, fecundity, reproduction, reproductive success, lizards, offspring size, parental investment, snakes, survival Journal Article Shine, R.;Harlow, P. S. 1996 Maternal manipulation of offspring phenotypes via nest-site selection in an oviparous lizard Ecology 77 1808-1817 development, hatchling performance, incubation, phenotypic plasticity, temperature effects Journal Article Shine, R.;Madsen, T. 1996 Is thermoregulation unimportant for most reptiles? an example using water pythons (Liasis fuscus) in tropical Australia Physiological Zoology 69 2 252-269 temperature, thermoregulation, pythons, Australia, eurythermy Journal Article Shine, Richard;Seigel, Richard A. 1996 A neglected life-history trait: clutch size variance in snakes Journal of Zoology 239 209-223 Journal Article Shine, P.;Harlow, P.S. 1996 Maternal manipulation of offspring phenotypes via nest-site selection in an oviparous lizard Ecology 77 6 1808-1817 tsd Journal Article Shipley, Bryon;Henke, Clint;Morris, Tom;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis cyrtopsis cyrtopsis Herpetological Review 27 4 215 Journal Article Shirose, Leonard;Bishop, Christine;Gendron, Andrée 1996 Amphibians and reptiles in Great Lakes Wetlands: Threats and Conservation Great Lakes fact Sheet 1-12 Journal Article Shrestha, T.K. 1996 Conservation strategy for amphibians and reptiles of Nepal Zoo's print 11 5 19-21 Nepal Journal Article Siddeek, S. M.;Baldwin, R. M. 1996 Assessment of the Oman green turtle (Chelonia mydas) stock using a stage-class matrix model Herpetological Journal 6 1 1-8 Chelonia mydas Journal Article Sievert, L.M.;Paulissen, M.A. 1996 Temperature selection and thermoregulatory precision of bisexual and parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus lizards from Southern Texas, USA Journal of Thermal Biology 21 1 15-20 behavioral thermoregulation; lizard; Cnemidophorus; thermoregulatory precision; diel; WHIPTAIL LIZARD; CROTAPHYTUS-COLLARIS; LAREDOENSIS TEIIDAE; BODY TEMPERATURES; LACERTA-VIVIPARA; SAURIA; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR; ECOLOGY; HABITAT Journal Article Sigler, Luis 1996 Crocodile meeting in Chiapas Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 19-20 Crocodilians; Conservation; Mexico Journal Article Sigler, Luis 1996 Alvarez Del Toro and the crocodylia of Mexico Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 24-25 Book Sigler, William F.;Sigler, John W. 1996 Fishes of Utah: A Natural History Salt Lake City University of Utah Press xxiii + 375 + 16 Color plates Utah Journal Article Siirilä, Iiska 1996 Soumen herpetologisen yhdistyksen kirjasto Herpetomania 5 6 28-30 Journal Article Silva, Luciana Lyra Casais E 1996 Geographic Distribution. Micrurus lemniscatus Herpetological Review 27 2 88-89 Journal Article Silva, Luciana Lyra Casais E;Nunes, Tania Brazil 1996 Geographic Distribution. Micrurus corallinus Herpetological Review 27 1 34 Journal Article Simmons, John E. 1996 Book review: The Dangerous Snakes of Africa-Natural History; Species Directory; Venoms and Snakebite Herpetological Review 27 4 219-220 Book review Journal Article Simon, H. G.;Oppenheimer, S. 1996 Advanced mRNA differential display: isolation of a new differentially regulated myosin heavy chain-encoding gene in amphibian limb regeneration Gene 172 2 175-81 Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Base Sequence; Cell Differentiation/*genetics; DNA Primers; Forelimb; *Gene Expression Regulation; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics; Human; Molecular Sequence Data; Myosin Heavy Chains/*genetics; Notophthalmus viridescens; Regeneration/*genetics; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Templates; Transcription, Genetic In an effort to make mRNA differential display more amenable as a molecular screen, we have optimized the technology for the isotopic and non-isotopic detection of differentially regulated mRNAs. The number of amplification rounds in the displays was significantly reduced, resulting in the semi-quantitative detection of expression patterns of both low- and high-abundance transcripts. Moreover, we extended the method beyond the display of mRNAs by introducing a direct sequencing approach for the fast molecular analysis of isolated cDNAs. Applying this improved technique to the regenerating amphibian limb system, we have identified cDNA PCR products with a temporal difference in expression. This differential regulation was confirmed by Northern analysis, and DNA sequencing uncovered a novel newt differentiation- specific transcript encoding a skeletal myosin heavy chain (MHC). Journal Article Simons, S.S. 1996 Environmental estrogens: can two 'alrights' make a wrong? Science 272 1451 tsd Journal Article Singh, Chhatrapati 1996 Bhitarkanika ecosystem protected by court's decision Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 1-2 Journal Article Singh, M.;Ho, L.C.;Yap, A.L.L.;Ng, G.C.;Tan, S.W.;Moe, K.T.;Yap, E.H. 1996 Axenic culture of reptilian Blastocystis isolates in monophasic medium and speciation by karyotypic typing Parasitology Research 82 2 165-169 HOMINIS Journal Article Sinsch, Ulrich;Schneider, H. 1996 Bioacoustic assessment of the taxonomic status of pool frog populations (Rana lessonae) with reference to a topotypical population J. Zoo. Syst. Evol. Research 34 63-73 Journal Article Sinsch, U.;Schneider, H. 1996 Bioacoustic assessment of the taxonomic status of pool frog population (Rana lessonae) with reference to a topotypical population J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Research 34 63-73 acoustic communication, advertisement call, Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, taxonomy, Rana lessonae Journal Article Sites, J. W., Jr.;Basten, C. J.;Asmussen, M. A. 1996 Cytonuclear genetic structure of a hybrid zone in lizards of the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Sauria, Phrynosomatidae) Mol Ecol 5 3 379-92 Lizards of the Sceloporus grammicus complex are comprised of multiple chromosome races that form several zones of parapatric hybridization in central Mexico. We scored diagnostic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes and autosomal chromosome markers in a sample of 342 lizards from one well-defined zone between 2n = 34 and 2n = 46 races. A two-part analysis was performed on this data set in an attempt to infer the predominant evolutionary forces shaping the cytonuclear structure of this zone. The complications posed by its spatial structure were addressed by analysing a hierarchical series of smaller subsamples chosen to approximate single mating units. Two critical conclusions were drawn from this first-stage analysis. First and foremost, the three chromosomes have largely concordant cytonuclear disequilibrium patterns within each subsample with adequate numbers of individuals for detecting nonrandom cytonuclear associations. This suggests that the cytonuclear structure of this zone is predominantly a result of deterministic genome-wide forces rather than genetic drift of deterministic forces specific to individual chromosomes or loci. Second, the fit of a series of migration models to the data shows that the cytonuclear structure of the subsamples is well accounted for by continued gene flow from the two parental races alone, with random mating with respect to cytonuclear genotype and no other evolutionary forces. These results motivate several further empirical and theoretical investigations to refine our understanding of the relative roles of migration and other potentially important forces such as natural selection and genetic drift, in this and other hybrid zones. Journal Article Sites, J. W., Jr.;Davis, S. K.;Guerra, T.;Iverson, J. B.;Snell, H. L. 1996 Character congruence and phylogenetic signal in molecular and morphological data sets: a case study in the living Iguanas (Squamata, Iguanidae) Mol Biol Evol 13 8 1087-105 The lizard family Iguanidae comprises eight living genera distributed throughout the New and Old World, and includes several island endemics. We reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among these genera using 90 previously published morphological characters, to which we add a molecular (mtDNA sequence) data set that includes 742 nucleotides of the ND4 gene and the complete sequences of the histidine, serine, and leucine tRNAs (217 nucleotides). Trees were initially constructed separately from these three data sets, and then tested for significant conflict in topologies that would suggest the influence of different evolutionary processes. The three data sets were then combined, and a single tree was obtained from the total evidence that permitted identification of potential sources of character incongruence. Several additional analyses of the combined data sets were repeated with sequential deletion of successive classes of homoplastic characters, and we show that the same single tree topology is recovered in most cases. However, part of the tree structure collapses when the matrix of combined characters is completely purged of all homoplastic characters. We argue that this extreme results in an unacceptable loss of phylogenetic information, and we present a single phylogenetic hypothesis for all living genera of iguanas. We show that this hypothesis is significantly more parsimonious than either of two previously published trees, and we discuss the evolution and biogeography of the Iguanidae based on the preferred hypothesis. Journal Article Sites, J. W., Jr.;Davis, S. K.;Guerra, T.;Iverson, J. B.;Snell, H. L. 1996 Character congruence and phylogenetic signal in morphological data sets: A case study in the living iguanas (Squamata, Iguanidae) Molecular Biology and Evolution 13 1087-1105 phylogeny, cladistics, evolution Journal Article Sivasundar, Arjun;Devi Prasad, K. V. 1996 Placement and predation of nest in leatherback sea turtles in the Andaman Islands, India Hamadryad 21 36-42 Nest site selection; Nest predation; Dermochelys coriacea; Andaman Islands; India Journal Article Sivasundar, A.;Prasad, K.V.D. 1996 Placement and predation of nest in leatherback sea turtles in the Andaman Islands, India Hamadryad 21 36-42 leatherback; sex ratio Journal Article Sive, H.;Bradley., L. 1996 A sticky problem: the Xenopus cement gland as a paradigm for anteroposterior patterning Developmental Biology 205 265-280 Journal Article Skelly, David K. 1996 Pond drying, predators, and the distribution of Pseudacris tadpoles Copeia 1996 3 599-605 Pseudacris; tadpole; distribution; mortality; preditors Book Sleeper, Barbara 1996 Beneath the Blackwater: Alligators Mincoqua, WI Northword Press 128 Journal Article Sloan, Kevin N.;Buhlmann, Kurt A. 1996 Stomach contents of commercially harvested adult alligator snapping turtles, Macroclemys temminckii Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 96-99 Reptilia; Testudines; Chelydridae; Macroclemys temminckii Journal Article Sloan, Kevin N.;Buhlmann, Kurt A.;Lovich, Jeffrey E. 1996 Stomach contents of commercially harvested adult alligator snapping turtles, Macroclemys temminckii Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 96-99 Journal Article Smetsers, Mieke 1996 De oliemeulen: een unicum binnen de terrariumwereld Het Terrarium 13 9 4-6 Journal Article Smetsers, Peet 1996 Crotalus ruber, de rode diamantratelslang Het Terrarium 13 8 4-8 Crotalus ruber Journal Article Smetsers, Peet 1996 De kweek met Crotalus ruber, de rode diamantratelslang Het Terrarium 13 10 9-12 Crotalus ruber Journal Article Smetsers, Peet 1996 Ceratophrys ornata de hoornkikker Het Terrarium 13 12 4-10 Ceratophrys ornata Journal Article Smetsers, Peet 1996 Produktinformatie Het Terrarium 13 11 8-10 Journal Article Smirina, E. M.;Tsellarius, A. Yu. 1996 Aging, longevity, and growth of the desert monitor lizard (Varanus griseus Daud.) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 130-142 Varanus griseus; aging; longevity; growth; Skeletochronology Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R. 1996 Mites on striped plateau lizards (Sceloporus vigatus: Phrynosomatidae): abundance, distribution, and effects on host growth Herpetological Natural History 4 2 175-180 Mites; Sceloporus virgatus Journal Article Smith, J. R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr;Dixon, James R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 1 32 Journal Article Smith, J. R.;Brown, Chuck;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Apalone mutica mutica Herpetological Review 27 1 31 Journal Article Smith, J. R.;Thornton, Okla W., Jr;Dixon, James R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Gylopion canum Herpetological Review 27 1 34 Journal Article Smith, J. R.;Brown, Chuck;Thornton, Okla W., Jr 1996 Geographic Distribution. Nerodia harteri paucimaculata Herpetological Review 27 1 35 Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R. 1996 Correlates of approach distance in the striped plateau lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) Herpetological Journal 6 2 56-58 Sceloporus virgatus Journal Article Smith, Charles K.;Petranka, James W.;Barwick, Rebecca 1996 Desmognathus welteri (Black Mountain salamander). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 3 136 Journal Article Smith, Charles K.;Petranka, James W.;Barwick, Rebecca 1996 Desmognathus quadramaculatus (blackbelly salamander). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 3 136 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1996 The relation of mimicry to taxogeny in Pliocercus Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 78-83 mimicry; Pliocercus Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R.;Rettig, Jessica E. 1996 Effectiveness of aquatic funnel traps for sampling amphibian larvae Herpetological Review 27 4 190-191 Survey techniques; funnel traps Journal Article Smith, Lawrence 1996 A look at some Arizona wildlife Rephiberary 1996 219 5-6 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Dixon, James R.;McCrystal, Hugh K.;Chiszar, David 1996 Relative priority of names for members of the eastern and central spotted whiptail lineages of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus in North America Herpetological Review 27 3 129-130 Cnemidophorus Journal Article Smith, Lawrence 1996 Captive breeding report 1994 Rephiberary 1996 220 9-11 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David;Roth, Jan J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Urosaurus ornatus wrighti Herpetological Review 27 4 211-212 Journal Article Smith, Geofrey R. 1996 Habitat use and its effect on body size distribution in a population of tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus Journal of Herpetology 30 4 528-530 Urosaurus ornatus; Habitat use; body size Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R. 1996 Tail loss in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus Journal of Herpetology 30 4 552-555 Sceloporus virgatus; tail loss; autotomy Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Kluge, Arnold G.;Bauer, Aaron M.;Chiszar, David 1996 Hemidactylus garnotii Duméril & Bibron, 1836 (Reptilia, Squamata): Proposed conservation of the specific name Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53 3 184-186 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J.;Liner, Ernest A.;Chiszar, David 1996 Sceloporus scalaris Auctorum a superspecies (Reptilia: Sauria) Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 70-74 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Peerez-Higareda, Gonzalo;Chiszar, David 1996 Observations on the snake genus Pliocercus, II. The endemic species of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 75-79 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1996 Further evidence of the importance of the Wyoming corridor in Herpetozoan distribution Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 1 28-31 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Pague, Christopher A.;Chiszar, David 1996 A brood of lined snakes (Tropidoclonion lineatum) from southeastern Colorado Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 1 24-27 Journal Article Smith, T.G.;Kopko, S.H.;Desser, S.S. 1996 Life cycles, morphological characteristics, and host specificity of Hepatozoon species infecting eastern garter snakes from Ontario Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 74 10 1850-1856 Reptilia, serpentes, garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis, infection, protozoa, Hepatozoon sp. The life cycles of species of Hepatozoon that occur naturally in eastern garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis, were studied in the mosquito Culex pipiens in various amphibians, including northern leopard frogs, bullfrogs, gray treefrogs, American toads, and blue-spotted salamanders, and in natricine snakes, including northern water snakes and northern brown snakes. Morphological features of the oocysts of two forms of Hepatazoon from various widely separated regions of Ontario differed with respect to the number of sporozoites per sporocyst and the diameter and shape of the oocyst. However, morphological and morphometric differences were not apparent in the cystic or merogonic stages in the vertebrate hosts. Cystic stages of these haemogregarines were found in the liver of all four species of anurans, but not in salamanders. These forms were transmitted experimentally to garter, water, and brown snakes, with gamonts appearing in erythrocytes 45 days after the snakes were fed infected anurans. A comparison of these forms of Hepatozoon with previously named species of ophidian haemogregarines from North America indicates that there are at least two, and likely more, species of Hepatazoon in Ontario. SS Desser,Univ Toronto,Dept Zool,Toronto,on M5S 3G5, Canada Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R. 1996 Habitat use and fidelity in the striped plateau lizard Sceloporus virgatus American Midland Naturalist 135 68-80 Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R. 1996 Annual life-history variation in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 2025-2030 Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R. 1996 Habitat use and its effect on body size distribution in a population of the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus Journal of Herpetology 30 4 528-530 Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R.;Rowe, John W.;Ballinger, Royce E. 1996 Intraspecific life history variation in Sceloporus undulatus: a factor analysis Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 23 85-90 Journal Article Smith, Geoffrey R. 1996 Mites on striped plateau lizards (Sceloporus virgatus: Phryosomatidae): abundance, distribution and effects on host growth Herpetological Natural History 4 2 175-180 Book Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1996 Species-Group Taxa of the False Coral Snake Genus Pliocercus Pottsville, PA Ramus Publishing 112 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Wake, David B. 1996 Comments on the proposed conservation of Hydromantes Gistel, 1884 (Amphibia, Caudata) by the designation of Salamandra genei Temminick & Schlegel, 1838 as the type species Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53 1 48-49 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Humphrey, Rosanne;Chiszar, David 1996 A range extension for the box turtle Terrapene yucatana Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 1 14-15 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J.;Liner, Ernest A.;Chiszar, David 1996 Sceloporus scalaris auctorum a superspecies Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 70-74 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Pérez-Higareda, Gonzalo;Chiszar, David 1996 Observations on the snake genus Pliocercus, II. The endemic species of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 2 75-79 Journal Article Smith, Hobart M.;Smith, Glenn L.;Chiszar, David 1996 A new record and review of partially scaleless snakes Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 4 107-112 Journal Article Snellings, Emmett, Jr;Collins, Joseph T. 1996 Sistrurus miliarius barbouri. Maximum size Herpetological Review 27 2 84 Journal Article Soberon, Roberto;Ramos, Roberto;McMahan, William;Ross, Perran 1996 Reintroduction of Cuban crocodile on the Isle of Pines Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 10-11 Book Sobolik, Kristin D.;Steele, D. Gentry 1996 A Turtle Atlas to Facilitate Archaeological Identifications Rapid City, SD Mammoth Site of Hot Springs ix, 117 Journal Article Sociedad para la Conservación de los Vertebrados 1996 La SCV propone una serie de actuaciones para la conservacion del camaleón común en la Península Ibérica Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 41-42 Journal Article Societas Herpetologica Italica 1996 Atlante Provvisorio Degli Anfibi e dei Rettili Italiani Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria" 91 95-178 Journal Article Soden, Sandy;Whyte, Mitch 1996 Breeding the Asian yellow-spotted climbing toad Reptiles 4 4 68-73 Pedostibes hoseii Journal Article Soja, Richard 1996 A genuine Jurassic Park Reptiles 4 8 76-81 Journal Article Solmu, Godfrid 1996 Crocodile trade enforcment Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 14 Crocodilians; Trade; Papua New Guinea Journal Article Solmu, G. 1996 Another attack in PNG Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 8 Journal Article Somma, Angela 1996 Report of the sea turtle convention negotiations Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 16-17 Sea turtles Journal Article Sonnermann, Neil 1996 Field trip to Western Australia Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 66-72 Western Australia Journal Article Soorae, Pritpal 1996 Kenya and Tanzania: National crocodile managment plans Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 9-10 Crocodilians; Conservation; Kenya; Tanzania; Africa Journal Article Soorae, Pritpal 1996 Clutch and egg size of a western African dwarf crocodile Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 5 Osteolaemus tetraspis Book Section Soveri, Timo 1996 Matelijoiden maahantuonti ja karanteeni Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 13 Book Section Soveri, Timo 1996 Matelijoiden tarttuvat taudit Perälä, J.;Vikberg, J. and Kanza, M. Herpetokongressi I: Kokoelma esitelmiä ja esseitä. A collection of speeches and essays Helsinki Herpetological Society of Finland 27-28 Journal Article Sparreboom, Max 1996 Book review: The Clawed Salamanders of Asia, genus Onychodactylus. Biology, Distribution, and Conservation Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 291-292 Book review; Onychodactylus Journal Article Sparreboom, Max 1996 Book review: Die Amphibien Russlands und angrenzender Gebiete Herpetological Journal 6 4 150-152 Book review Journal Article Spasic, Olivera;Tanic, Nikola;Blagojevic, Jelena;Vujosevic, Mladen 1996 Constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions in Rana graeca (Anura, Amphibia) from the north Balkans (Yugoslavia) Copeia 1996 1 223-226 Rana graeca Journal Article Spataro, Marc 1996 Annulated boas Corallus annulatus captive reproduction and husbandry Vivarium 8 1 24-26;47 Corallus annulatus Journal Article Speer, Rebecca J. 1996 Rodents - A perfect Varanus indicus diet? Georgia Herpnotes 13 1 6-7 Varanus indicus Journal Article Sperling, Peter;Vences, Miguel;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Vorläufige Bemerkungen zum taxonomischen Status von Rana temporaria honnorati Héron-Royer, 1881 [Preliminary remarks on the taxonomic status of Rana temporaria honnorati Héron-Royer, 1881] Salamandra 32 2 99-112 Amphibia; Anura; Ranidae; Rana temporaria; morphometrics; tadpole tooth formula; DNA content; release calls Journal Article Spini, Marina 1996 Bollettino Indice v. 1 (1983) - v. 10 (1992) Spoglio per autori e soggetti Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali - Torino 1-74 Journal Article Spotila, James R.;Dunham, Arthur E.;Leslie, Alison J.;Steyermark, Anthony C.;Plotkin, Pamela T.;Paladino, Frank V. 1996 Worldwide population declines of Dermochelys coriacea: Are leatherback turtles going extinct? Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 209-222 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; population; conservation; extinction; demographic model; poaching; harvest; management Journal Article Spotila, J. R.;Dunham, A. E.;Leslie, A. J.;Steyermark, A. C.;Plotkin, P. T.;Paladino, F. V. 1996 Worldwide population decline of Dermochelys coriacea: are leatherback turtles going extinct? Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 209-222 leatherback; conservation; weak; shoddy Journal Article Sprackland, Robet George 1996 Growing pains Reptiles 4 5 116 Journal Article Sprackland, Robert George 1996 California's legless lizards Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 119-123 Anniella Journal Article Sprackland, Robert George 1996 The biology of the Chinese crocodile lizard in captivity Reptilian 4 2 9-15 Shinisaurus crocodilurus Journal Article Sta Iglesia, D. D.;Cragoe, E. J., Jr.;Vanable, J. W., Jr. 1996 Electric field strength and epithelization in the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) J Exp Zool 274 1 56-62 Amiloride/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology; Animal; Comparative Study; Epithelium/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects; Hindlimb; Microelectrodes; Notophthalmus viridescens/*physiology; *Skin Physiology/radiation effects; Sodium/pharmacology; *Wound Healing/drug effects/radiation effects There is convincing evidence that endogenous electric fields are necessary for normal wound epithelization, but it is unclear whether normal epithelization rates can be accelerated increasing normal field strengths. Although we confirmed that normal lateral fields are required for normal Notophthalmus viridescens epithelization rates, significant increases in epithelization were not achieved by increasing normal field strengths with direct current. With increases of less than 50%, epithelization rates were slightly increased. When the field strengths were augmented by 50%, epithelization was significantly retarded. This pattern was also observed when we applied direct current to wounds whose fields were nullified with benzamil. Epithelization was more rapid in wounds with field strengths raised to 20, 40, and 60 mV/mm than in benzamil-treated wounds without field augmentation. Epithelization was most rapid at 40 mV/mm, the normal value. When fields were augmented to 80 and 100 mV/mm, the epithelization rate diminished significantly. We also augmented field strengths by increasing the Na+ concentration in the medium surrounding the digits. Wounds healed more slowly in 10 mM Na+ than in 1.5 mM Na+, the normal pond water concentration. When field strengths in 10 mM Na+ were diminished to levels found in contralateral digits at 1.5 mM Na+ by applying direct current, the epithelization rate was restored to normal. We conclude that newt wound epithelization rates are nearly maximal at normal wound field strengths. Field strengths significantly higher than normal (50% more) result in significantly diminished rates of epithelization. Journal Article Staats, C.M.;Schall, J.J. 1996 Distribution and abundance of two malarial parasites of the endemic Anolis lizard of Saba island, Netherlands antilles Journal of Parasitology 82 3 409-413 Reptilia, sauria, anolis, infection, protozoa, plasmodium, Plasmodium floridense, Plasmodium azurophilum, The ecology of 2 parasites, Plasmodium floridense and Plasmodium azurophilum, was studied in the endemic lizard, Anolis sabanus, on Saba island in the eastern Caribbean. Prevalence of the two parasite species was similar, but prevalence varied among sites. Lowest prevalence occurred at dry, windy sites or cool, wet mountain peaks (0-20%); the parasites were more common at most other locations on the island (40-80% infected; overall prevalence = 47%). High and low prevalence sites sometimes were only a few hundred meters apart. Prevalence was similar for males and females but increased with body size except for a decline in the largest (= oldest) lizards. A surplus of mixed infections (P. floridense and P. azurophilum together in the same host) existed compared with chance proportions. Parasitemia generally was low; 70% of P. floridense infections were less than or equal to 100 parasites/10,000 erythrocytes, and 70% of P. azurophilum infections were less than or equal to 50/10,000. Parasitemia in solitary infections averaged more than twice that seen in mixed infections for both species. CM Staats/Univ Vermont/Dept Biol/Burlington, VT 05405 USA Journal Article Stabenau, E. K.;Stanley, K.S.;Landry, A. M. 1996 Sex ratios of stranded sea turtles of the upper Texas coast Journal of Herpetology 30 3 427-430 ridley; loggerhead; sex ratio Book Stafford, Peter J.;Henderson, Robert W. 1996 Kaleidoscopic Tree Boas: The Genus Corallus of Tropical America Malabar, FL Krieger 86 Corallus Journal Article Stafford, Peter J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Stenorrhina degenhardtii Herpetological Review 27 4 214-215 Journal Article Stahl, Scott J.;Blackburn, Chip 1996 Captive husbandry and reproduction of the veiled chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus Vivarium 8 1 28-31; 44-45 Chamaeleo calyptratus Journal Article Stahl, Scott J. 1996 [post-mortum examination] League of Florida Herpetological Societies 1996 February 25-26 Journal Article Stahl, Scott J. 1996 [Diet supplements for snakes] League of Florida Herpetological Societies 1996 January 28-30 Journal Article Stamp, Peter 1996 Ein weiterer Fall Elaphe 4 3 89-90 Agkistrodon contortrix; snakebite Journal Article Staniszewski, Marc 1996 Ensatina salamander care sheet Reptilian 4 9 38-42 Ensatina Journal Article Staniszewski, Marc 1996 The strange frogs of Madagascar: Dyscophus and Scaphiophryne Reptilian 4 6 8-13 Dyscophus guineti; Scaphiophryne marmorata; Madagascar Journal Article Staub, Mercè Viader;Greece, Sea Turtle Protection Society of 1996 Tortugas marinas de Grecia Reptilia 2 4 64-67 Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 Krekels als voer voor zandslangetjes Het Terrarium 13 7 12-13 Psammophis Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 De ttv-enquête Het Terrarium 13 7 19-22 Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 Een verstandig mens houdt boek Nog even de Wet Budep Het Terrarium 13 10 4-5 Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 Dutch legislation concerning the keeping of amphibians and reptiles Reptilian 4 6 16-18 legislation Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 Welzijn en Gezondheid Het Terrarium 13 10 6-7 Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 Alternatief voedsel voor reptielen en amfibieën Het Terrarium 13 12 15-18 Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 Boiga irregularis Het Terrarium 14 1 4-9 Boiga irregularis Journal Article Steehouder, Ton 1996 Als het beestje maar een naam heeft? Het Terrarium 13 12 28-29 Book Steele, Rodney 1996 Living Dragons: A Natural History of the World's Monitor Lizards Sanibel Is., FL Ralph Curtis 160 Varanus Journal Article Stegers, H. 1996 Bitis gabonica rhinoceros, the gaboon viper Litteratura Serpentium 16 2 44-48 Bitis gabonicus Journal Article Steigenberger, Markus;Fromhage, Lutz 1996 Pflegemaßnahmen für eine Gelbbauchunken-Population im Siedlunsbereich - Artenschutz oder Manipulation? Naturschutzreport 11 1 248-254 Journal Article Stephens, Anthony 1996 Serpo Reptile House The Herptile 21 2 75-77 Journal Article Steven, Decerf 1996 Stamboeken, nu ook in België? Terra 32 6 199 studbooks Book Stewart, Kathlyn Moore;Seymour, Kevin Lloyd 1996 Palaeoecology and Paleoenvironments of Late Cenozoic Mammals Toronto University ot Toronto Press xxxii, 1-675 Journal Article Stewart, J.R.;Thompson, M.B. 1996 Evolution of reptilian placentation: Development of extraembryonic membranes of the Australian scincid lizards, Bassiana duperreyi (Oviparous) and Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii (Viviparous) Journal of Morphology 227 3 349-370 Reptilia, sauria, scincidae, Bassiana duperreyi, Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii, anatomy, placenta, extraembryonic membranes A prominent model for the evolution of placentation among Reptilia is based on placental structure among species in the Eugongylus group of Australian lygosomatine skinks. We studied the development of the extraembryonic membranes of an oviparous species, Bassiana duperreyi, and a viviparous species, Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii, within this taxonomic group. We observed differences in the timing of development of shared features and in the structure of extraembryonic membrane epithelia in the two species. In the viviparous species, there is earlier vascularization of the yolk sac and increased vascular support for the abembryonic yolk sac splanchnopleure. Structural differences between species result in partitioning of the egg into two distinct hemispheres and produce epithelia which appear functionally histotrophic in both the chorioallantoic membrane and the bilaminar omphalopleure of the viviparous species. We propose that the evolution of placentation in P. entrecasteauxii involved a combination of heterochrony and structural innovation. Further, because our interpretation of placental structure of this species provides new information relevant to placental function, we propose a revision of a classic model for the evolution of placentation among Reptilia. This model predicts specific relationships among reproductive characteristics and thus is testable by comparative analysis among other species within the Eugongylus group of Australian skinks. JR Stewart, Univ Tulsa, Fac Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA Journal Article Steyermark, Anthony C.;Williams, Kristina;Spotila, James R.;Paladino, Frank V.;Rostal, David C.;Morreale, Stephen J.;Koberg, Maria Tresa;Arauz, Randall 1996 Nesting leatherback turtles at Las Baulas National Park, Costa Rica Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 173-183 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; nesting; nests; clutch frequency; population size; conservation; management; Costa Rica Journal Article Steyermark, A.C.;Williams, K.;Spotila, J.R.;Paladino, F.V.;Rostal, D.C.;Morreale, S.J.;Koberg, M.T.;Arauz, R. 1996 Nesting leatherback turtles at Las Baulas National Park, Costa Rica Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 173-183 leatherback Journal Article Stiffler, D. F. 1996 Exchanges of calcium with the environment and between body compartments in Amphibia Physiological Zoology 69 418-434 Journal Article Stinner, J.;Grguric, M.;Beaty, S. 1996 Ventilatory and blood acid-base adjustments to a decrease in body temperature from 30 to 10YC in black racer snakes Coluber constrictor J Exp Biol 199 Pt 815-23 There is increasing evidence that many amphibian and reptilian species use relatively slow ion-exchange mechanisms in addition to ventilation to adjust pH as body temperature changes. Large changes in blood bicarbonate concentration with changes in temperature have previously been reported for the snake Coluber constrictor. The purpose of the present study was to determine the ventilatory and pH adjustments associated with the increase in CO2 stores when the snakes are cooled. Body temperature was lowered from 30 to 10 °C within 4 h, at which time measurements of inspired minute ventilation (V.air), O2 consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (V.CO2) were started and continued for 56 h. The decrease in temperature produced a transient fall in the respiratory exchange ratio (V.CO2/VO2) to 0.2-0.3 and a steady-state value of 0.65±0.14 (mean ± s.d., N=7) was not achieved until about 35 h. There were concomitant transient reductions in V.air and V.air/V.O2. However, V.air/V.CO2 initially increased, with a corresponding reduction in arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) and increase in arterial pH. By 35 h, V.air/V.CO2 had decreased and PaCO2 had increased to steady-state levels, but pH decreased very little because of a gradual increase in bicarbonate concentration. We conclude that the drop in temperature imposed a metabolic acidosis for approximately 35 h because of the time required to increase bicarbonate concentration, and that the acidosis was compensated for by an elevated V.air/V.CO2. Steady-state breathing and acid-base status were not achieved until the relatively slow increase in CO2 stores had been completed. Journal Article Stirl, R.;Krug, P.;Bonath, K.H. 1996 Tiletamine/Zolazepam Sedation in Boa Constrictors and it's Influence on Respiration, Circulation and Metabolism. Proceedings Eur. Ass. Zoo- Wildl. Vets 1 115-119 Reptilia, serpentes, Boa constrictor, anaesthesia, Tiletamine/Zolazepam, sedation, ambient temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, ECG, arterial oxygen saturation, blood gasses, acid base status, induction time, total sedation time, recovery time Fifteen Boa constrictors were sedated with Tiletamine plus Zolazepam (12.5 mg of each/kg metabolic BW) i.m., at room temperature (22°C) and at the reptiles preferred body temperature (30°C). Heart rate (ECG), systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume, arterial oxygen saturation, venous blood gasses and acid-base values were measured at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes and compared to baseline values recorded prior to anaesthesia. Induction was rapid at each temperature (7-8 min.). The mean sedation time was 93% longer at 22°C (27±15 min. at 30°C, 52±38 min. at 22°C) and the mean recovery period at 22°C was 222% longer than at 30°C (9±7h at 30°C, 29±13h at 22°C). Surgical anaesthesia could not be achieved in any animal. Mean values of the pulmonary and cardiovascular functions showed a consistent parallelism between both temperatures, with the 22°C-values lower than the 30°C- values. After an initial rise at both temperatures, heart rates remained almost at a constant level (p<0.001). Mean respiratory rates rose consistently to 160% of base line values (p<0.001) whereas the respiratory minute volume did not change significantly at either temperature. Systolic blood pressure and arterial oxygen saturation remained constant over the entire range. Blood gas analysis of venous blood demonstrated a trend towards acidosis at both temperatures. Tiletamine/Zolazepam was found to be useful as a quick acting and safe sedative to immobilise Boa constrictors. Journal Article Storey, K. B. 1996 Metabolic adaptations supporting anoxia tolerance in reptiles: recent advances Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 113 1 23-35 *Adaptation, Physiological; Animal; Anoxia/*metabolism; Glycogen/metabolism; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinases/metabolism; Proteins/metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Survival Rate; Turtles/*metabolism Animal survival during severe hypoxia and/or anoxia is enhanced by a variety of biochemical adaptations including adaptations of fermentative pathways of energy production and, most importantly, the ability to sharply reduce metabolic rate by 5-20 fold and enter a hypometabolic state. The biochemical regulation of metabolic arrest is proving to have common molecular principles that extend across phylogenetic lines and that are conserved in different types of arrested states (not only anaerobiosis but also estivation, hibernation, etc.). Our new studies with anoxia-tolerant vertebrates have identified a variety of regulatory mechanisms involved in both metabolic rate depression and in the aerobic recovery process using as models the freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta elegans and garter snakes Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. Mechanisms include: 1) post- translational modification of cellular and functional proteins by reversible phosphorylation and changes in protein kinase (PKA, PKC) and/or phosphatase activities to regulate this, 2) reversible enzyme binding associations with subcellular structural elements, 3) differential gene expression and/or mRNA translation producing new mRNA variants and new protein products, 4) changes in protease activity, particularly the multicatalytic proteinase complex, and 5) both constitutive and anoxia-induced modifications to cellular antioxidant systems to deal with oxidative stress during the anoxic-aerobic transition of recovery. Journal Article Storfer, A. 1996 Population biology and herpetological conservation: a cautionary note Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 1 20-23 Journal Article Stratton, Richard F. 1996 The wily fox snake Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 16-20 Elaphe vulpina Journal Article Stratton, Richard F. 1996 The academic life of a gray rat snake Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 8-12 Elaphe obsoleta spilotes Journal Article Stratton, Richard F. 1996 Life with a Nile monitor Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 86-90 varanus niloticus Edited Book Strimple, Peter D. 1996 Advances in Herpetoculture Des Moines, Iowa International Herpetological Symposium, Inc. 167 Philautus romeri; Rana chiricahuensis; Phyllomedusa hypocondrialis; Ceratobrachus guentheri; Bufo houstonensis; Caecilians; Chelus fimbriatus; Indotestudo travancorica; Heloderma suspectum; Delma impar; Tribolonotus gracilis; Pseudocordylus melanotus subviridis; varanus gouldii horni; Chlamydosaurus kingii; Python timoriensis; Eunectes murinus; Dasypeltis scabra; Aspidites lubricus; Vipera bornmuelleri; Vipera wagneri; varanus albigularis Journal Article Strimple, Peter D. 1996 Book Review: The Bengal Monitor Reptiles 4 6 20-22 Book Review Journal Article Strimple, Pete 1996 Crotalus scutulatus (Kennicott), the Mojave rattlesnake Litteratura Serpentium 16 2 36-38 Crotalus scutulatus Journal Article Strimple, Peter D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Strimple, Pete 1996 Angulated tortoises, Komodo monitors, green anacondas Reptiles 4 3 28-30 Journal Article Strimple, Pete 1996 Preserving rain forest habitat, antivenin bank, desert tortoises Reptiles 4 2 90-93 Journal Article Strimple, Pete 1996 Map turtles, timber rattlesnakes, sea turtle egg smuggling Reptiles 4 1 72-74 Journal Article Strimple, Peter D.;Strimple, Jane L. 1996 Australia's largest goanna: the perentie Reptiles 4 2 76-87 Varanus giganteus Journal Article Stuart, James N. 1996 Additional records of kyphosis in freshwater turtles Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 4 60-61 Kyphosis Journal Article Stuart, James N.;Brown, Ted L. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii Herpetological Review 27 4 214 Journal Article Stuart, James N. 1996 Book Review: Pioneer naturalists: The discovery and naming of North American Plants and Animals Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 5 96-97 Book review Journal Article Stumpf, Günther 1996 "Seramis" als Bodengrund für Schlangen Elaphe 4 2 24 Journal Article Sturm, Ken 1996 The dunes of Coachella Endangered Species Bulletin 21 1 18 Uma inornata Journal Article Suarez, Alexis;Starbird, Christopher H. 1996 Subsistence hunting of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, in the Kai Islands, Indonesia Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 190-195 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; conservation; fishery; subsistence hunting; traditional beliefs; Kai Islands; Indonesia Journal Article Suedmeyer, Labonde, Tynes, 1996 Feeding Iguanas Exotic Pet Practice 1 11 3-4 Reptilia, sauria, iguana, food, feeding Journal Article Suedmeyer, Wm. Kirk;Turk, James R. 1996 Lymphoblastic leukemia in an inland bearded dragon, Pagona vitticeps Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 4 10-12 Journal Article Sues, H.D.;Shubin, N.H.;Olsen, P.E.;Amaral, W.W. 1996 On the cranial structure of a new protosuchid (Archosauria, Crocodyliformes) from the McCoy Brook Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Nova Scotia, Canada J. Vert. Paleo. 16 1 34 41 fossil, Well preserved skull bones referable to a new protosuchid, Protosuchus micmac, are common in the lower portion of the McCoy Brook Formation (Lower Jurassic: Hettangian) of Nova Scotia, Canada. P. micmac is closely related to P. richardsoni (Brown, 1933) from the Moenave Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Arizona and to P. haughtoni (Busbey et Cow, 2984) from the upper Stormberg Group (Lower Jurassic) of southern Africa. It differs from the latter taxa in several craniodental features, most notably in the presence of two large caniniform teeth in the dentary. The geographic range of protosuchid crocodyliforms provides further confirmation of a cosmopolitan distribution of many groups of terrestrial tetrapods during the Early Jurassic. Journal Article Sullivan, Brian K.;Malmos, Keith B. 1996 Systematics of the Bufo woodhousii complex (Anura: Bufonidae): advertisement call variation Copeia 1996 2 274-280 Bufo woodhousii; advertsiement call, distribution, systematics Journal Article Sullivan, Brian K.;Bowker, Robert W.;Malmos, Keith B.;Gergus, Erik W. A. 1996 Arizona distribution of three Sonoran Desert anurans: Bufo retiformis, Gastrophryne olivacea, and Pternohyla fodiens Great Basin Naturalist 56 1 38-47 Distribution; Arizona; Bufo retiformis; Gastrophryne olivacea; Pternohyla fodiens Journal Article Sumida, Masayuki 1996 Incipient intraspecific isolating mechanisms in the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica Journal of Herpetology 30 3 333-346 Rana japonica; isolating mechanisms; hybridization; evolution; reproductive isolation Journal Article Sumida, Stuart S.;Berman, David S.;Martens, Thomas 1996 Biostratigraphic correlations between the Lower Permian of North America and Central Europe using the first record of an assemblage of terrestrial tetrapods from germany PalaeoBios 17 2-4 1-12 Journal Article Sundstrom, L.;Chapuisat, M.;Keller, L. 1996 Conditional manipulation of sex ratios by ant workers: a test of kin selection theory Science 274 993-995 sex ratio Journal Article Suzuki, Aki 1996 Ambystoma tigrinum tiikerisalamanteri "Laiska sympaatinen koheltaja" Herpetomania 5 3-4 24-33 Ambystoma tigrinum; Captive care Journal Article Suzuki, Aki 1996 Kasveja Terraarioon? Osa 2 Herpetomania 5 3-4 41-50 Journal Article Suzuki, Aki 1996 Megophrys nasuta Schlegel 1837 Herpetomania 5 6 11-15 Megophrys nasuta Journal Article Swallow, John G.;Castilla, Aurora M. 1996 Home range area of the lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata Herpetological Journal 6 3 100-102 Podarcis hispanica; home range Journal Article Swan, Gerry;Ehmann, Harald 1996 Communal egglaying in the broad-tailed gecko (Phyllurus platurus) Herpetofauna 26 2 35-36 communal egglaying; Phyllurus platurus Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 Unusual feeding behavior for the common death adder Acanthophis antarcticus (Shaw & Nodder 1802) in captivity Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 100-101 Acanthophis antarcticus; feeding behavior Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 Die Lebensgewohnheiten des Grünen Baumpythons TI Magazin 129 48-51 Chondropython viridis Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 Reptilien im Kakadu-Nationalpark DATZ 49 8 524-530 Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 The iguanas of the Galapagos Islands Reptiles 4 8 12-30 Amblyrhynchus cristatus; Conolophus subcristatus Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 The incredible egg-eater Reptiles 4 7 12-21 Dasypeltis Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 Reptiles of the Galapagos Archipelago Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 7 3 137-165 Galapagos Islands Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 The amphibians of Kakadu National Park Reptiles 4 1 40-52 Kakadu National park Journal Article Switak, Karl H. 1996 The reptiles of Australia's Kakadu National Park Reptiles 4 2 12-22 Edited Book Szczerbak, Nikolai N.;Gloubev, Michael L. 1996 Gecko fauna of the USSR and Contiguous Regions St. Louis, MO SSAR ix + 233 USSR; Geckos Journal Article Szelistowski, William A.;Meylan, Peter A. 1996 Regina alleni (Striped crayfish snake). Predation Herpetological Review 27 4 204-205 Book Section Szymura, Jacek M. 1996 How large are genetic resources in Bombina: Is hybridisation a threat to survival of the fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina? Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 51-69 Bombina bombina; Germany; Population genetics; Hybridization Book Section Szymura, Jacek M. 1996 Wie groß sind die genetischen Ressourcen bei Bombina: Bedeutet Hybridisation eine Gefahr für das Überleben der Rotbauchunke Bombina bombina? Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 70-71 Bombina bombina; Germany; population genetics; Hybridization Journal Article Szymura, Jacek M.;Gollman, Günter 1996 Die Gelbbauchunke, Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), in Europa Naturschutzreport 11 1 9-15 Journal Article Szyndlar, Zbigniew;Nguyen, Van Sang 1996 Terrestrial snake fauna of Vietnam: distributional records The Snake 27 2 91-98 Journal Article Szyndlar, Zbigniew;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Redescription of Tropidonotus atavus von Meyer, 1855 from the Upper Oligocene of Rott (Germany) and its allocation to Rottophis gen. nov. (Serpentes, Boidae) Palaeontographica 240 145-161, 1 plate Journal Article Takeda, Nobuyuki;Ota, Hidetoshi 1996 Description of a new species of Takydromus from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and a taxonomic redefinition of T. smaragdinus Boulenger 1887 (Reptilia: Lacertidae) Herpetologica 52 1 77-88 reptilia; Squamata; Lacertidae; Takydromus toyamai sp. nov.; Takydromus smaragdinus; Miyako Islands; Ryukyu Archipelago; New species Journal Article Tang, Y.-Y.;Rovainen., C. M. 1996 Cardiac output in Xenopus laevis tadpoles during development and in response to an adenosine agonist American Journal of Physiology 270R 997-1004 Journal Article Tarhnishvili, David N.;Gokhelashvili, Ramaz K. 1996 A contribution to the ecological genetics of frogs: age structure and frequency of striped specimens in some Caucasian populations of the Rana macrocnemis complex Alytes 14 1 27-41 Rana macrocnemis complex; Caucasus; age structure; genetics; ecology Journal Article Tarkhnishvili, David N. 1996 The distribution and ecology of the amphibians of Georgia and the Caucasus: a biogeographical analysis Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 167-196 Distribution; Amphibians; Ecology; caucasus; Georgia; Hybrid zones; Biogeography Journal Article Tatarinov, L. P. 1996 Book review: Dinosaurs of the Nortern Eurasia: New Data about Assemblages, Ecology, and Palaeobiogeography Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 206-208 Book review Journal Article Tattersall, G.J.;Wright, P.A. 1996 The effects of ambient pH on nitrogen excretion in early life stages of the American toad (Bufo americanus) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A - Physiology 113 4 369-374 Amphibia, anura, American toad, Bufo americanus, physiology, ammonia/ urea/ water pH/ acidosis, embryo/ tadpole/ nitrogen balance, acid rain Acidification of breeding ponds has been identified as a potential threat to the survival and health of North American amphibian populations. The effects of acid exposure on ion and acid-balance are well known, but there is little information on how environmental water pH influences nitrogen balance in amphibians. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of moderately acidic water (pH 6.0) on nitrogen excretion in early life stages of the toad, Bufo americanus. Acid exposure (pH 6.0, 54 h) resulted in a 20-80% increase in ammonia-N excretion rates in embryos and early, middle and late tadpoles stages, whereas there was no significant effect on urea-N excretion. Tissue ammonia concentrations were significantly higher (+ 33%) in the embryos and 35-65% lower in the three groups of tadpoles exposed to water of pH 6.0 compared to control animals (pH 8.5). In embryos, ammonia excretion accounted for greater than 90% of total nitrogen excretion (ammonia-N + urea-N), but by the late tadpole stage this value had decreased to approximately 65%. These findings indicate that exposure of embryonic and larval B. americanus to moderately acidic water disrupts nitrogen balance by increasing nitrogen loss as ammonia, with no compensatory decrease in urea excretion. PA Wright/Univ Guelph/Dept Zool/Guelph/on N1G 2W1, Canada Journal Article Taylor, Harry L.;Walker, James M. 1996 Application of the names Cnemidophorus tigris disparilis and C. t. punctilinealis to valid taxa (Sauria: Teiidae) and relegation of the names C. t. gracilis and C. t. dickersonae to appropriate synonymies Copeia 1996 1 140-148 Cnemidophorus tigris Journal Article Taylor, Harry L.;Walker, James M. 1996 Cnemidophorus neomexicanus-Cnemidophorus perplexus nomenclatural problem (Sauria: Teiidae) and it resolution Copeia 1996 4 945-954 Cnemidophorus neomexicanus; Cnemidophorus perplexus; nomenclature Journal Article Taylor, Reid 1996 Herping the Peruvian Amazon Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 16-23 Journal Article Taylor, Harry L.;Hollard, Richard L.;Humphrey, Rosanna L.;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sceloporus magister cephaloflavus Herpetological Review 27 2 87-88 Journal Article Taylor, Cindy L.;Altig, Ronald;Boyle, Carolyn R. 1996 Oral disc kinematics of four lentic anuran tadpoles Herpetological Natural History 4 1 49-56 Tadpole; ecology; feeding; oral disc; kinematics; morphology; Hyla chrysoscelis; Bufo woodhousii; Hyla gratiosa; Rana sphenocephala Journal Article Taylor, Harry L.;Walker, James M.;Cordes, James E. 1996 Systematic implications of morphologically distinct populations of parthenogenetic whiptail lizards: Cnemidophorus tesselatus pattern class D Herpetologica 52 2 254-262 Lizards; Sauria; Teiidae; Cnemidophorus tesselatus D(2N); Cnemidophorus tesselatus C(2N); Parthenogenesis; Pattern classes; Colorado; New Mexico Journal Article Taylor, S.K.;Citino, S.B.;Zdziarski, J.M.;Bush, R.M. 1996 Radiographic anatomy and barium sulfate transit time of the gastrointestinal; Tract of the leopard tortoise (Testudo pardalis) Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 27 2 180-186 Reptilia, testudines, leopard tortoise, Testudo pardalis, anatomy, transit time, gastrointestinal tract, barium contrast study Six adult (three female and three male) leopard tortoises (Testudo pardalis) were studied to document the radiographic anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract and the transit time of barium sulfate. Tortoises were chemically immobilized with succinylcholine and dosed orally with barium contrast suspension. Both dorsoventral and lateral radiographs were taken. The lateral radiographs were extremely difficult to interpret because of the overlapping of the gastrointestinal tract and other soft tissue organs. Complete gastric emptying occurred between 5 and 9 hr after barium administration. Barium entered the small intestine at 0.21 hr and the large intestine between 5 and 8 hr. The contrast material began to exit the colon between 144 and 166 hr. SK Taylor, Univ Wyoming, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA Journal Article Tecpetrol, Margarita Aguilera;Acuña-P., Alexander J. 1996 1995 records of sea turtles in the Gulf of Venezuela, State of Zulia Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 20-21 Sea turtles Journal Article Teixeira, José;Sequeira, Fernando;Alexandrino, João;Lima, Victor;Cardoso, C.;Fráguas, B.;Gonçalves, H.;Magalhães, C. 1996 Nuevoas datos sobre la distribución de la herpetofauna en Portugal Boletín de la Asociación Herpetológica Española 7 8-11 Journal Article Telford, S.R. 1996 Epizootiology of the Japanese saurian malaria parasite, Plasmodium sasai Journal of Parasitology 82 2 226-232 Reptilia, sauria, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, malaria, Plasmodium sasai Histological examination of hearts from 422 Japanese lacertids Takydromus tachydromoides collected at Hanno, Saitama-ken, Honshu, from 1965 to 1967, demonstrated the presence of Plasmodium sasai Telford and Ball, 1969 in 85% of first-year lizards and 92% of those older than 1 yr. Prevalence in 1966-1967, estimated by examination of blood films alone was <1%, and no infections were detected in 1965 by this method. Prevalence differed only slightly or not at all between years, seasons, host age group, or host sex. infection occurred immediately after hatching from August into October in each year. In the cohort hatched in 1965, prevalence had reached 100% by November, declined slightly following hibernation, but reached 100% by May. Phanerozoites were present in every month, but encysted chronozoites were found most often in March, following hibernation. Erythroid cells that contained 2->20 uninucleate parasites were sequestered within capillaries of the heart in newly infected juvenile lizards. Vectors apparently were infected from adult lizards with chronic, low level, predominantly gametocytic infections in late summer and fall and transmitted P. sasai to at least 80% of the hatchling cohort, beginning within the first few days of life, producing parasitemias at barely detectable levels. Some transmission may have occurred in late spring but probably to no more than 15% of the host population. SR Telford/Univ Florida/Florida Museum Nat Hist/Gainesville, FL 32611 USA Book Tenlén, Rikhard 1996 Vihreä Leguaani Iguana iguana Helsinki Soumen Herpetologinen Yhdistys R.Y. 69 Iguana iguana Journal Article Tenlén, Rikhard 1996 Herpetomaanikon tiedonlähteet Herpetomania 5 6 16-22 Journal Article Tenlén, Rikard 1996 Herpetomatkailijan Hollanti Herpetomania 5 2 30-37 Journal Article Tenlén, Rikhard 1996 Merileguaani Amblyrhynchus cristatus Herpetomania 5 5 13-19 Amblyrhynchus cristatus Journal Article Tenlén, Rikard 1996 Terraarion lämmityskäyttöön soveltuvat lamput Herpetomania 5 3-4 34-40 Lighting Journal Article Tenlén, Rikard 1996 Herppitarvikkeet Herpetomania 5 2 21-25 Book Tenlén, Rikhard 1996 Vihreä Leguaani Iguana iguana [Green Iguana] Helsinki Soumen Herpetologinen Yhdistys R.Y. 69 Iguana iguana Journal Article Thatcher, Terry 1996 Ramblings around the Southern States of North America Rephiberary 1996 218 2-3 Journal Article Thieme, Ulrich 1996 Weisse Schildkröten TI Magazin 1996 127 43-45 Albiono; Amelanistic Journal Article Thiesmeier, Burkhard 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 199-200 Book Review Journal Article Thiesmeier, Burkhard 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Heimische Froschlurche Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 201 Book Review Journal Article Thiesmeier, Burkhard 1996 Buchbesprechungen: Newts and Salamanders of Europe Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 3 1/2 202 Book Review Journal Article Thiesmeier, Burkhard 1996 A morphological and ecological approach to the classification of larvae of the Semirechensk Salamander (Ranodon sibiricus) and the Long-Tailed Clawed Salamander (Onychodactylus fischeri) Advances in Amphibian Research in the Former Soviet Union 1 131-138 Journal Article Thiesmeier, Burkhard;Hornberg, Claudia;Mutz, Thomas;Henf, Manfred 1996 (1997) Weitere Beobachtungen zur Paarung, Eiablage und Larvalentwicklung bei Euproctus montanus Salamandra 32 4 263-274 Salamandridae; Euproctus montanus; Courtship; Egg laying; Embrypnic development; Larval development; Larval morphology Book Thissen, Rainer;Hansen, Helmut 1996 Königsnattern Lampropeltis Hamburg, Germany Terraristik Aktuell 172 Lampropeltis Journal Article Thissen, Rainer;Hansen, Helmut 1996 Berauschend schön Königsnattern Terraristik Axktuell 1 1 20-23 Lampropeltis Journal Article Thomas, Robert A.;Fernandes, Ronaldo 1996 The systematic status of Platyinion lividum Amaral, 1923 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae) Herpetologica 52 2 271-275 Serpentes; Colubridae; Xenodontinae; Platyinion lividum; Philodryas Journal Article Thomas, Richard;Joglar, Rafael 1996 The herpetology of Puerto Rico: Past, present, and future Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 776 181-200 Puerto Rico Island Shelf, Peltophryne, Mabuya mabouya, Cyclura cornuta, Thecadactlyus rapicauda, non-native species introduced by humans, Journal Article Thompson, Brian 1996 North American spadefoot toads in captivity Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 8-14 Scaphiopus Journal Article Thompson, M. B.;Packard, G. C.;Packard, M. J.;Rose, B. 1996 Analysis of the nest environment of tuatara Sphenodon punctatus J. Zool., Lond. 238 239-251 Sphenodon punctatus; Nest environment Journal Article Thomson, Scott;Georges, Arthur 1996 Neural bones in Australian chelid turtles Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 82-86 Reptilia; Testudines; Chelidae Journal Article Thomson, Scott;Irwin, Stephen;Irwin, Terri 1996 Harriet: la tortuga de Galápagos Reptilia 2 4 46-49 Journal Article Thorbjarnarson, John B.;da Silveira, Ronis 1996 Podocnemis unifilis. nesting Herpetological Review 27 2 77-78 Journal Article Thorbjarnarson, John 1996 Caiman studies in the Amazon Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 9 Journal Article Thorbjarnarson, John B. 1996 Reproductive characteristics of the Order Crocodylia Herpetologica 52 1 8-24 Clutch size; Crocodylia; Life history evolution; Reproduction Journal Article Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1996 Dry season diel activity patterns of spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) in the Venezuelan llanos Amphibia-Reptilia 16 415-421 CCR, behavior, ecology, movement, Journal Article Thorbjarnarson, J.B. 1996 Reproductive characteristics of the order Crocodylia Herpetologica 52 1 8-24 CROC, reproduction, nest, egg, demography, size, age, season, Information on crocodilian egg and clutch characteristics is reviewed. The relationships between female size and egg mass, clutch size, and clutch mass are quantified, and the effects of nest mode, relative snout width, and family are examined. At the interspecific level, egg mass, clutch size, and clutch mass are strongly correlated with female size. However, larger species produce relatively smaller clutches and eggs. In most cases, similar relationships were found at the intraspecific level as well. Crocodylids are more variable in terms of nesting mode (hole and mound nesters) than alligatorids (all mound nesters). After correcting for differences in female length, no trade-off between clutch size and egg size was found at the interspecific level. The effects of family, snout width, and nest mode were also examined independent of female size. Clutch size and clutch mass were greater in the Alligatoridae than in the Crocodylidae and the Gavialidae. However, data on reproductive frequency suggest that crocodylids nest more frequently than alligatorids, and no significant difference in mean annual clutch mass was found between these two major phylogenetic groups. Narrow-snouted species lay significantly smaller clutches than other crocodilians. Consistent patterns of relative egg mass/clutch size variation were found within genera in the Alligatoridae. Alligator produces large clutches of small eggs. Tropical alligatorids have large relative clutch masses due to the production of relatively large eggs (Melanosuchus and Paleosuchus) or relatively large clutches (Caiman). Within the genus Crocodylus, the four species that inhabit strongly seasonal riverine or lacustrine environments are all hole nesters that invest relatively little in each reproductive bout (C. intermedius, C. palustris, and C. johnsoni) but may compensate with high reproductive frequencies. Gavialis may also follow this general pattern. Among the true crocodiles, two species have notably large clutch masses (C. niloticus and C. porosus). In terms of reproductive characteristics, C. cataphractus is the most unusual species, laying very small numbers of very large eggs. Journal Article Thoreson, W. B.;Miller, R. F. 1996 Removal of extracellular chloride suppresses transmitter release from photoreceptor terminals in the mudpuppy retina J Gen Physiol 107 5 631-42 Animal; Cell Polarity/physiology; Chlorides/*metabolism; Culture Media; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology; Extracellular Space/metabolism; Hypertonic Solutions; In Vitro; Membrane Potentials/drug effects/physiology; Necturus maculosus; Neurotransmitters/*metabolism; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Photic Stimulation; Photoreceptors/*metabolism; Presynaptic Terminals/*metabolism; Quinoxalines/pharmacology; Retina/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Removal of extracellular Cl- has been shown to suppress light-evoked voltage responses of ON bipolar and horizontal cells, but not photoreceptors or OFF bipolar cells, in the amphibian retina. A substantial amount of experimental evidence has demonstrated that the photoreceptor transmitter, L-glutamate, activates cation, not Cl-, channels in these cells. The mechanism for Cl-free effects was therefore reexamined in a superfused retinal slice preparation from the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) using whole-cell voltage and current clamp techniques. In a Cl-free medium, light-evoked currents were maintained in rod and cone photoreceptors but suppressed in horizontal, ON bipolar, and OFF bipolar cells. Changes in input resistance and dark current in bipolar and horizontal cells were consistent with the hypothesis that removal of Cl- suppresses tonic glutamate release from photoreceptors. The persistence of light-evoked voltage responses in OFF bipolar cells, despite the suppression of light-evoked currents, is due to a compensatory increase in input resistance. Focal application of hyperosmotic sucrose to photoreceptor terminals produced currents in bipolar and horizontal cells arising from two sources: (a) evoked glutamate release and (b) direct actions of the hyperosmotic solution on postsynaptic neurons. The inward currents resulting from osmotically evoked release of glutamate in OFF bipolar and horizontal cells were suppressed in a Cl-free medium. For ON bipolar cells, both the direct and evoked components of the hyperosmotic response resulted in outward currents and were thus difficult to separate. However, in some cells, removal of extracellular Cl- suppressed the outward current consistent with a suppression of presynaptic glutamate release. The results of this study suggest that removal of extracellular Cl- suppresses glutamate release from photoreceptor terminals. Thus, it is possible that control of [Cl-] in and around photoreceptors may regulate glutamate release from these cells. Journal Article Thornton, Okla W., Jr;Smith, Jerry R. 1996 Thamnophis proximus rubrilineatus (Redstripe ribbon snake). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 4 206 Journal Article Thornton, Okla W.;Smith, Jerry R. 1996 Notes on the incubation of eggs of the yellow mud turtle, Kinosternon flavescens flavescens Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21 11 204-205 Kinosternon flavescens Journal Article Thornton, Okla W., Jr;Smith, Jerry R. 1996 Nerodia erythrogaster transversa. reproduction Herpetological Review 27 2 83 Journal Article Thornton, Okla W., Jr;Brown, Chuck;Smith, J.R.;Dixon, James R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Opheodrys aestivus majalis Herpetological Review 27 1 35 Journal Article Thornton, Okla W., Jr;Smith, J. R. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Thamnophis proximus rubrilineatus Herpetological Review 27 1 36 Journal Article Thorpe, R. S.;Malhotra, A. 1996 Molecular and morphological evolution within small islands Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 351 815-822 Gallotia, lacertidae, morphology, selection, evolution Journal Article Thorpe, R. S. 1996 The use of DNA divergence to help determine the correlates of evolution of morphological characters Evolution 50 524-531 evolution, DNA, morphology, divergence. lizards, Lacertidae, Gallotia Journal Article Thuok, Nao 1996 Crocodile Farmers Association Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 8 Journal Article Tilley, Stephen G.;Mahoney, Meredith J. 1996 Patters of genetic differentiation in salamanders of the Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) Herpetological Monographs 10 1-42 Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex; Desmognathus carolinensis; Desmognathus ochrophaeus; Desmognathus ocoee; Desmognathus orestes sp. nov.; New species; Plethodontidae; Allozymes; taxonomy Edited Book Tinsley, R. C.;Kobel, H. R. 1996 The Biology of Xenopus London Clarendon Press 440 Xenopus; Evolution; Biology; Phylogeny; Behavior Journal Article Titus, Tom A.;Larson, Allan 1996 Molecular phylogenetics of Desmognathine salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae): a reevaluation of evolution in ecology, life history, and morphology Systematic Biology 45 4 451-472 Phylogeny; Desmognathine; Plethodontidae; Evolution; Ecology; Life history; Morphology Journal Article Titus, T. A.;Frost, D. R. 1996 Molecular homology assessment and phylogeny in the lizard family opluridae (Squamata: Iguania) Mol Phylogenet Evol 6 1 49-62 The effect of utilizing secondary structure on multiple alignment and phylogeny reconstruction was examined for the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA and valine transfer RNA genes in the lizard family Opluridae. Computer-generated multiple alignments were performed under parsimony using gap costs of 1-10 both with and without reference to secondary structure. Alignments performed without secondary structure resulted in disruption of positional homology in some stems at all gap costs. Number of misaligned stem positions increased with gap cost. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple alignments without secondary structure recovered a well-supported morphological tree for five gap costs, and this was the single most parsimonious tree only for a gap cost of 1. Computer-generated multiple alignments using secondary structure to maintain positional homologs in stems recovered the morphological tree over all gap costs, and this was the single most parsimonious tree for 8 of 10 gap costs. The combined morphological and molecular data produced a single most parsimonious oplurid tree that was congruent with the morphological tree over all gap costs. Chalaradon madagascariensis is the sister taxon of Oplurus, which itself contains two clades: one with the arboreal Oplurus cuvieri and Oplurus cyclurus and the other with the saxicolous Oplurus grandidieri, Oplurus fierinensis, Oplurus quadrimaculatus, and Oplurus saxicola. Journal Article Titus, Tom A. 1996 Molecular phylogenetics of desmognathine salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae): A reevaluation of evolution in ecology, life history, and morphology Syst. Biol. 45 4 451-472 Desmognathinae, Phaeognathus hubrichti, Desmognathus wrighti, D. Aeneus, ecology, life history, mitochondrial DNA, ribosomal DNA, salamanders Journal Article Titus, T. A.;Larson., A. 1996 Molecular phylogenetics of desmognathine salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae): a reevaluation of evolution in ecology, life history, and morphology. Systematic Biology 45 451-472 Journal Article Tolke, Detlef 1996 Naturschtzfachliche Probleme beim Umgang mit einer allochthonen Population der Gelbbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata) im Raum Chemnitz (Freistaat Sachsen) Naturschutzreport 11 1 264-260 Journal Article Tolson, Peter J. 1996 Book Review: Revision of the Neotropical Snake Genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae) Copeia 1996 2 504-506 Book Review Journal Article Topilow, Arthur;Quinn, John 1996 An ecotourist's Costa Rican odyssey: a search for the strawberry poison frog Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 86-96 Journal Article Toriba, M. 1996 Book review: Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles The Snake 27 2 158-159 Journal Article Torr, Geordie A.;Shine, Richard 1996 Patterns of dominance in the small scincid lizard Lampropholis guichenoti Journal of Herpetology 30 2 230-237 Dominance; Scincidae; Lampropholis guichenoti Journal Article Torr, Geordie A.;Richards, Stephen J. 1996 Boiga irregularis (Brown tree snake). Diet Herpetological Review 27 1 22 Boiga irregularis; Diet Journal Article Torr, Geordie A. 1996 Further additions to the herpetofauna of the Mossman Gorge section of Daintree National Park, Queensland Herpetofauna 26 1 49 Queensland Journal Article Torres, Sebastian Enrique 1996 Geographic Distribution. Urostrophus gallardoi Herpetological Review 27 4 212 Journal Article Torres, R. J.;Altenberg, G. A.;Copello, J. A.;Zampighi, G.;Reuss, L. 1996 Preservation of structural and functional polarity in isolated epithelial cells [published errata appear in Am J Physiol 1996 Sep;271(3 Pt 1):section C following table of contents and 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 3):section C following table of contents] Am J Physiol 270 6 Pt 1 C1864-74 Animal; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane/metabolism; *Cell Polarity; Cell Survival; *Cytological Techniques; Epithelium/cytology/physiology/ultrastructure; Gallbladder/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure; In Vitro; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism; Isomerism; Microscopy, Electron; Necturus maculosus; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels/chemistry/metabolism; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. We describe a method to isolate epithelial cells from gallbladders of Necturus maculosus with preserved structural and functional polarity. Isolation was carried out with a mixture of collagenase and protease, with only a brief exposure to a divalent-cation-free medium. About 40% of the isolated epithelial cells had a "figure-eight" shape and retained metabolic and cell membrane integrity. Figure-eight cells display features consistent with preserved polarity for several hours, including the following: 1) the "apical" and "basolateral" membrane domains were differentially labeled by a hydrophobic fluorescent dye; 2) freeze fracture electron microscopy verified two plasma membrane domains differing in the presence of microvilli and folds and separated by tight junctions; 3) proteins such as ZO-1, NHE3, and Na(+)-K(+)- ATPase remained localized in the junctional, apical, and basolateral regions, respectively; 4) after apical surface exposure to wheat germ agglutinin, the label remained in the apical membrane after cell isolation; and 5) patch-clamp experiments demonstrated polarized expression of K+ channels. Polarity was rapidly lost after removal of extracellular Ca2+, exposure to trypsin, or ATP depletion. Therefore, this preparation allows for structural and functional studies of epithelial transport in single cells retaining the essential features present in the assembled epithelium. Journal Article Torres, R. J.;Altenberg, G. A.;Cohn, J. A.;Reuss, L. 1996 Polarized expression of cAMP-activated chloride channels in isolated epithelial cells Am J Physiol 271 5 Pt 1 C1574-82 Animal; Antibodies/pharmacology; Cell Membrane/physiology; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels/antagonists & inhibitors/*biosynthesis/immunology; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/immunology/*physiology; Epithelium/cytology/physiology; Forskolin/pharmacology; Gallbladder/*physiology; Human; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials/drug effects; Microelectrodes; Necturus; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rabbits; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. We have described a preparation of Necturus maculosus gallbladder (NGB) epithelium yielding isolated cells that retain structural and functional polarity ("figure-eight" cells). These cells have a normal membrane voltage and remain polarized for several hours after isolation. Apical and basolateral membrane domains are differentially labeled with hydrophobic fluorescent dyes; freeze-fracture electron microscopy reveals two distinct membrane domains separated by tight junctions; ZO-1, Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3), and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase are present in the junctional, apical, and basolateral region, respectively; and cell-attached patch-clamp experiments reveal different K+ currents in the two membrane domains [R. J. Torres, G. A. Altenberg, J. A. Copello, G. Zampighi, and L. Reuss, Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Cell Physiol. 39): C1864-C1874, 1996]. Here, we show that NGB epithelial cells express a protein cross-reactive with an antibody against human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). In figure-eight cells, immunoreactivity was restricted to the apical membrane domain. Using intracellular microelectrodes and a novel method of regional superfusion, we found that control cells have high K+ conductances in both membranes and a small basolateral Cl- conductance, similar to findings in the epithelium. Activation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin elicited a large apical membrane Cl- conductance and membrane depolarization. Whole cell patch-clamp studies yielded a forskolin-activated linear Cl- current, with high Cl- /aspartate selectivity. In conclusion, 1) figure-eight cells maintain the conductive membrane properties present in the epithelium, including polarized expression of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)- activated Cl- channels, and 2) the cAMP-activated Cl- conductance is underlied by a CFTR homologue. Journal Article Tosini, Gianluca;Foà, Augusto;Avery, Roger 1996 Pinealectomy increases thermoregulatory set point temperatures in the lacertid lizard Podarcis sicula Journal of Herpetology 30 1 104-106 Podarcis sicula; Pineal gland; Thermoregulation; Pinealectomy Journal Article Tosini, Gianluca;Avery, Roger 1996 Photoperiod affects thermoregulatory set point temperatures in the wall lizard Podarcis muralis Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 86-88 Podarcis muralis; Thermoregulation; Photoperiod Journal Article Tosini, Gianluca;Avery, Roger 1996 Pregnancy decreases set point temperatures for behavioural thermoregulation in the wall lizard Podarcis muralis Herpetological Journal 6 3 94-96 Podracis muralis; thermoregulation Journal Article Townsend, Wendy 1996 Green iguanas are social beings Iguana Times 5 1 8-9 Iguana iguana Journal Article Townsend, Wendy 1996 Goosey Reptiles 4 6 100 Journal Article Tracer, David P. 1996 Basic husbandry and breeding of cornsnakes (Elaphe guttata guttata) Jacksonville Herpetological Society News 1996 January 6-8 Journal Article Tranter, John V. 1996 Book review: Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa The Herptile: Journal of the International Herpetological Society 21 4 179-180 Book review Journal Article Trauth, Stanley E.;Wilhide, J. D.;Hunt, Lewis C.;Holt, Anthony;Klotz, Tracy L.;Woolbright, Scott A. 1996 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Six-lined racerunner). Aquatic behavior Herpetological Review 27 1 20-21 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus; Aquatic behavior Journal Article Trauth, Stanley E. 1996 Subspecific recognition in Arkansas ringneck snakes (Diadophis punctatus) Proceedings of the Arkansas Academy of Science 50 145-147 Journal Article Travis, Cecilia A.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Heterodon nasicus Herpetological Review 27 4 212 Journal Article Troeng, Sebastian 1996 Sea turtle conservation in Fiji Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 22-23 Journal Article Tröger, Michael 1996 Anmerkungen zu langjähriger Pflege, Haltung und ersten Schritten der nachzucht von Calumma parsonii(Cuvier, 1824) Elaphe 4 4 2-12 Calumma parsonii Journal Article Trueb, Linda;Duellman, William E. 1996 The University of Kansas: A long-time center of herpetological research and training Herpetological Review 27 2 56-57 Book Section Trueb, Linda 1996 Historical constraints and morphological novelties in the evolution of the skeletal system of pipid frogs (Anura: Pipidae) Tinsley, R. C. and Kobel, H. R. The Biology of Xenopus Oxford Clarendon Press 349-377 Xenopus, Silurana, Hymenochirus, Pseudhymenochirus Journal Article Tscherner, W. 1996 Nematodes of the Heterakis Family in the Zoo Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. (in German) Nematoden der Familie Heterakidae im Tierpark Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. Proceedings Eur. Ass. Zoo- Wildl. Vets 1 263-267 Aves, reptilia, sauria, infection, Nematoda, Heterakidae, zoo animals, extensivity, intensivity, biology, pathology In the zoo Berlin-Friedrichsfelde, post mortem examination of 1262 birds, belonging to 5 orders, revealed 8 species of Nematodes of the family Heterakidae. They were identified as: Meteterakis triaculeatus, Strongyluris spec. (reptiles); Heterakis dispar, H. gallinarum, H. isolonche, H. papillosa, Pseudaspidodera voluptuosus (birds); Heterakis spumosa (mammalia). H. gallinarum and H. isolonche are pathogens in galliformes. In the brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) the larval stages of H. isolonche are able to cause a severe typhlitis, even if only a few adult helminths are present in the lumen. H. dispar seems to be apathogenic. The pathogenicity of the other species is unknown. Journal Article Tsellarius, A. Yu.;Tsellarius, E. Yu. 1996 Courtship and mating in Varanus griseus of western Kyzylkum Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 122-129 Reptilia; Varanidae; Social behavior; Reproduction; Varanus griseus Journal Article Tsuji, Hiroshi;Kawamichi, Takeo 1996 Breeding activity of a stream-breeding toad, Bufo torrenticola Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16 4 117-128 Bufo torrenticola; Stream-breeding toad; Migration; Breeding activity; Oviposition Journal Article Tsuji, Hiroshi;Kawamichi, Takeo 1996 Breeding habitats of a stream-breeding toad, Bufo torrenticola, in an Asian mountain torrent Journal of Herpetology 30 3 451-454 Bufo torrenticola; Breeding haibtat Journal Article Tuberville, Tracey D.;Gibbons, J. Whitfield;Greene, Judith L. 1996 Invasion of new aquatic habitats by male freshwater turtles Copeia 1996 3 713-715 migration; Kinosternon baurii; Chrysemys picta; Trachemys; Pseudemys; Sternotherus; Chelydra; Dierochelys; Clemmys Journal Article Tucker, John K.;Phillips, Christopher 1996 Notes on a xanthic specimen of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentia Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 4 62-63 Chelydra serpentina Journal Article Tucker, John K. 1996 Trachemys scripta elegans (Red-eared slider). Reproduction Herpetological Review 27 3 142 Journal Article Tucker, John K.;Filoramo, Nirvana I. 1996 Fences and nesting red-eared sliders Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 12 218-219 Trachemys scripta; mortality Journal Article Tucker, Anton D.;Limpus, Colin J.;McCallum, Hamish I.;McDonald, Keith R. 1996 Ontogenetic dietary partitioning by Crocodylus johnstoni during the dry season Copeia 1996 4 978-988 Crocodylus johnstoni; diet; ontogeny Journal Article Tucker, A.D.;Limpus, C.J.;McCallum, H.I.;McDonald, K.R. 1996 Ontogenic dietary partitioning by Crocodylus johnstoni during the dry season Copeia 1996 4 978-988 CJ, food, ecology, demography, We examined size-related dietary patterns in a Queensland population of the Australian freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni). In three consecutive dry seasons, we stomach flushed crocodiles (n = 324) to record the numerical frequency and percent occurrence of prey items, Prey included spiders, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, shrimp, fish, anurans, turtles, snakes, mammals, and birds. The diet of C. johnstoni showed ontogenetic shifts as the cranium broadened and once body size exceeded 60 cm SVL. With increasing crocodile size, the ingestion of spiders, insects, and anurans declined strongly whereas the consumption of fish, turtles, and snakes increased strongly, Shrimp were eaten at low and variable levels by all size classes of crocodile, The low overall prevalence of mammals and birds suggested that they were consumed opportunistically by the larger crocodiles, With increasing crocodile size, there were overall increases in prey richness and significant declines in realized dietary niche, dietary breadth, and mean number of prey items per crocodile. There were no significant changes in dietary diversity, evenness, or number of equally common prey species. Journal Article Tucker, A.D.;Fitzsimmons, N.N.;Limpus, C.J. 1996 Conservation implications of internesting habitat use by loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta in Woongarra Marine Park, Queensland, Australia Pacific Conservation Biology 2 157-166 loggerhead; conservation Journal Article Tully, Thomas N.;Morris, J. Malcolm;Carter, James D. 1996 Bacterial conjunctivial abscess in a three-toed box turtle Reptiles 4 9 28-29 Book Section Tunner, Heinz 1996 Ein Künstler erforscht die Welt der Fröshe: Das Leben und das naturwissenschaftliche Werk des Malers und Kupferstechers August Johan Rösel von Rosenhof (1705-1759) Hödl, Walter Frösche Kröten Unken Aus der Welt der Amphibien Linz, Austria Stapfia 47, Kataloge de OÖ Landesmuseums 13-51 Institut für Zoologie, Universität Wien, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria Journal Article Turkozan, O.;Baran, I. 1996 Research on the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta, of Fethiye Beach Turkish Journal of Zoology 20 183-188 loggerhead Journal Article Turner, Grant 1996 Some litters of the eastern blue-tongued skink Tiliqua scincoides scincoides (Scincidae) Herpetofauna 26 2 39-47 Tiliqua scincoides scincoides; courtship; copulation; litter size; parturition; litter size; hatchling size Journal Article Turner, Grant;Green, Darren 1996 Notes on the mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris in the Daintree region Herpetofauna 26 1 5-7 Lepidodactylus lugubris; reproduction; communal egg-laying Journal Article Turner, Kent 1996 The rubber eel, Typhlonectes natans Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 50-53 Typhlonectes natans Journal Article Turner, Grant 1996 A free-roaming green tree frog Litoria caerulea (Hylidae) Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 7 3 166-168 Litoria caerulea Journal Article Turton, J.A.;Ladds, P.W.;Melville, L.F. 1996 Interdigital subcutaneous emphysema (Bumble Foot) in Crocodylus porosus hatchlings Australian Veterinary Journal 74 5 395-397 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia,Crocodylus porosus, infection, pathology, emphysema Interdigital, subcutis, Bumble Foot, Journal Article Turton, J.A.;Ladds, P.W.;Melville, L.F. 1996 Interdigital subcutaneous emphysema (bubble foot) in Crocodylus porosus hatchlings Austral. Vet. J. 74 5 395-397 CPR, disease, farm, Journal Article Twigg, Laurie E.;How, Ric A.;Hatherly, Richard L.;Dell, John 1996 Comparison of the diet of three sympatric species of Ctenotus skinks Journal of Herpetology 30 4 561-566 Ctenotus grandis; Ctenotus helenae; Ctenotus pantherinus; diet Journal Article Twombly, S. 1996 Timing of metamorphosis in a freshwater crustacean: comparison with anuran models Ecology 77 1855-1866 Journal Article Tyler, M. J.;Danilov, I.;Calaby, J. 1996 Nineteenth Century collections of Australian frogs in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 119-121 Frog; Russian; Nineteenth Century; Herpetology Book Tyler, Michael J. 1996 Frogs as Pets: A guide to keeping the Australian Green Tree Frog (Litoria caerulea) University of Adelaide iv + 28 Journal Article Tynes, V.V. 1996 Reptile Care Sheet Exotic Pet Practice 1 10 6 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, pathology, survey, care Journal Article Tynes, C. 1996 Hematologic testing in reptiles Exotic Pet Practice 1 8 3-4 Reptilia, testudines, sauria, serpentes, physiology, haematology, blood, values Journal Article Uetz, Peter 1996 Herpetologie im Internet Elaphe 4 3 60-64 Internet Journal Article Uetz, Peter;Etzold, Thure 1996 The EMBL/EBI Reptile Database Herpetological Review 27 4 174-175 Journal Article Ulber, Thomas;Ulber, Elké 1996 Bellgeckos TI Magazin 1996 127 46-51 Ptenopus Journal Article Ulber, Thomas 1996 Buchbesprechung: Australian Snakes: A Natural History Sauria 18 3 45-46 Book review Journal Article Ultsch, G. R. 1996 Gas exchange, hypercarbia and acid-base balance, paleocology, and the evolutionary transition from water-breathing to air-breathing among vertebrates Palaeogeograph. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 123 1-27 Journal Article Ultsch, G. R.;Jackson., D. C. 1996 pH and temperature in ectothermic vertebrates Bull. Alabama Mus. Nat. Hist. 18 1-41 Journal Article Umstot, Mary E. 1996 Eating snakes in Hong Kong Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 28-34 Book Unk. 1996 Zoological terms: Chinese-English, English Chinese viii + 371 Book Unk. 1996 Picture Book of 800 Reptiles and Amphibians Tokyo Pisces 431 Journal Article Updike, John 1996 To a box turtle Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 1 121 Journal Article Uribe, María Del Carmen A.;B., Gloria Luz Portales;Guillette, Louis J. 1996 Ovarian folliculogenesis in the oviparous Mexican lizard Ctenosaura pectinata Journal of Morphology 230 99-112 Book Utsumnomiya, Taeko;al., et 1996 [Amphibians & Reptiles of Hiroshima] 168 Japan; Hiroshima Book Utsunomiya, Taeko;et.al. 1996 [Amphibians and Reptiles of Hiroshima] 168 Japan; Hiroshima; Field guide Journal Article Vaider-Riera, Jordi 1996 La proteccion de los artropodos en España II Reptilia 2 8 65-69 Journal Article Valenti, Peter C. 1996 Heloderma suspectum: the pink tiger of the Sonora Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 54-60 Heloderma suspectum Journal Article Valentic, Robert A. 1996 Two lizards and a frog occupying multiple shelter sites within a hollow tree Herpetofauna 26 1 48 varanus timorensis; Pseudothecadactylus australis; Litoria caerula Journal Article Valentic, Rob 1996 A prey record of the eastern blue-tongue Tiliqua scincoides for the common brown snake Pseudonaja textilis Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 84 Tiliqua scincoides; Pseudonaja textilis; diet; predation Journal Article Valentic, Robert A. 1996 Partial tongue regeneration in a captive black-headed python Aspidites melanocephalus (Krefft, 1864) Herpetofauna 26 2 48-49 Aspidites melanocephalus; regeneration Journal Article Van Belle, J. 1996 Tips bij het kweken van enkele voedseldieren [ Suggestions for breeding insects] Terra 32 5 154-158 Journal Article van Brussel, Jimmy 1996 Crotalus durissus durissus (Linnaeus, 1758) van nakweek tot ouderdieren Terra 32 1 8 Crotalus durissus Journal Article van den Berg, Dick 1996 Additional remarks about the care of red-tailed boas Litteratura Serpentium 16 5 122-124 Boa constrictor Journal Article van den Bossche-Meganck, Johan;van den Bossche-Meganck, Annick 1996 Praktische richtlijnen bij het opkweken van jonge schildpadden [Practical instructions for raising young tortoises] Terra 32 5 160-163 Testudo Journal Article van der Goot, Rolf 1996 Cerastes vipera, the Sahara sand viper (Linnaeus, 1758) Litteratura Serpentium 16 1 6-9 Cerastes vipera Journal Article Van der Meulen, Jan;Claessen, Hugo 1996 Schimmelinfecties bij kikkers [Myotic infections in frogs] Terra 32 6 192-196 myotic infections Journal Article van der Voort, Marcel 1996 Ancient herpetology 2. Ancient prophylaxis Litteratura Serpentium 16 2 32-35 mythology Journal Article van der Voort, marcel 1996 Herpetological gatherings 5: Drugs for a krait Litteratura Serpentium 16 4 109-111 Bungarus Journal Article Van Eijck, Tom 1996 Progress for sea turtles: Sea Turtle Club Bonaire Marine Turtle Newsletter 75 23-24 Sea turtles Journal Article van Gelder, jan J.;Strijbosch, Henk 1996 Marking amphibians: effects of toe clipping on Bufo bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 169-174 Bufo bufo; toe clipping; marking Journal Article van het Meer, jan 1996 A new method of breeding Thamnophis species Litteratura Serpentium 16 4 90-93 Thamnophis Journal Article van het Meer, Jan 1996 Keeping, breeding and caring for Lichanura Litteratura Serpentium 16 3 64-70 Lichanura trivirgata Journal Article van het Meer, Jan 1996 The care, maintenance, and breeding of Lampropeltis getulus californiae (Blainville, 1835) Litteratura Serpentium 16 1 14-17 Lampropeltis getula californiae Journal Article van Roy, Sven 1996 Op reis naar Happ Het Terrarium 13 8 24-25 Journal Article Van Tiggel, Henri 1996 Chamaeleo calyptratus(Duméril & Duméril, 1851) Terra 32 2 47-48 Chamaeleo calyptratus Journal Article van Wijk, Jeroen 1996 Experiences with a food refusing snake Litteratura Serpentium 16 3 74-76 Journal Article van Wyk, J. H.;Mouton, P. le F. N. 1996 The reproductive cycles of oviparous lizards Platysaurus capensis and P. minor: evidence supporting a viviparity-oviparity reversal in the Cordylidae Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 115-129 Platysaurus capensis; Platysaurus minor; Viviparity-oviparity reversal; evolution of reproductive mode Journal Article Vandewalle, Terry J.;Sutton, Kristi K.;Christiansen, James L. 1996 Pseudacris crucifer: An Iowa case history study of an amphibian call survey Herpetological Review 27 4 183-185 Pseudacris crucifer; Iowa; Call surveys Journal Article Vandewalle, Terry J.;Gorp, Christopher D. Van 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pseudacris crucifer Herpetological Review 27 2 86 Journal Article Vanzolini, P. E. 1996 Book Review: Revised catalogue of the Herpetological Collection in Turin University. I. Amphibia Copeia 1996 2 501-502 Book Review Journal Article Vasquez, Jose Cerdeno;Elias, Dolres Huacuz;Casas-Andreu, Gustavo 1996 Crocodylus acutus on the Coast of Michoacan Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 15-16 Crocodylus acutus Journal Article Vassiliyev, Dmitry B. 1996 Keeping and breeding in captivity Rinkhals (Hemachatus haemachatus Lacepede) in Moscow Zoo The Snake 27 2 145-146 Conference Proceedings Vasudevan, K. 1996 Nesting biology of mugger, Crocodylus palustris in Amaravathi (Abstract only) 23 Journal Article Vaughan, R. Kathryn;Lockwood, Mitchell A. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pseudemys texana Herpetological Review 27 3 151 Journal Article Vaughan, R. Kathryn;Dixon, James R.;Cooke, Jerry L. 1996 Behavioral Interference for perch sites in two species of introduced house geckos Journal of Herpetology 30 1 46-51 Hemidactylus turcicus, Cyrtopodion scabrum; Perch sites; Interspecific competition Journal Article Vaughan, R. Kathryn;Dixon, James R.;Thomas, Robert A. 1996 A reevaluation of populations of the corn snake Elaphe guttata (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae) in Texas Texas Journal of Science 48 3 175-190 Journal Article Vaughan, R. K.;Dixon, J. R.;Cooke, J. L. 1996 Behavioral interference for perch sites in two species of introduced house geckos Journal of Herpetology 30 46-51 gecko, Gekkonidae, perch, home range, behavior Journal Article Vaughn, R. Kathryn;Baumgardner, George D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma Herpetological Review 27 1 33 Journal Article Veer, Vernon;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart 1996 Preference for formerly frozen mice over freshly euthanized mice by captive snakes of seven species from families Boidae and Colubridae Vivarium 7 6 18-20 Journal Article Vega, Laura E.;Bellagamba, Patricio J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Scinax squalirostris Herpetological Review 27 1 30-31 Journal Article Veith, Michael 1996 Are Salamandra atra and S. lanzai sister species? Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 174-177 Salamandra atra; Salamandra lanzai; taxonomy Journal Article Veith, Michael 1996 Molecular markers and species delimitation: examples from the European batrachofauna Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 303-314 European Anura; Species concepts; Discoglossus; Rana Journal Article Velasco, Alvaro 1996 Monitoreo de la poblaciones de Baba (Caiman crocodilus) el la Llanos Inundables de Venezuela. Monitoring populations of Caiman crocodilus in the flooded Llanos of Venezuela Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 16-18 Crocodilians; Monitoring; Caiman crocodilus; Venezuela Journal Article Velasco, Pedro;Delgado, Paloma 1996 Madagascar: Fauna para conservar Reptilia 1 3 36-39 Madagascar Journal Article Velte, T. J.;Miller, R. F. 1996 Computer simulations of voltage clamping retinal ganglion cells through whole-cell electrodes in the soma J Neurophysiol 75 5 2129-43 Action Potentials/physiology; Animal; Computer Simulation; Dendrites/physiology/ultrastructure; Histocytochemistry; Horseradish Peroxidase; In Vitro; Microelectrodes; Models, Neurological; Necturus maculosus; Patch-Clamp Techniques/*methods; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology/ultrastructure; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Synaptic Membranes/physiology 1. Computer simulations of voltage-clamp experiments in retinal ganglion cells were implemented to better understand the insights that can be obtained with this physiological approach. 2. Simulation studies of voltage clamping were based on the contemporary approach of using whole-cell recordings with low resistance electrodes attached to the soma. Realistic ganglion cell morphologies were provided by cell staining experiments in the mudpuppy retina; selected cells included small-, medium-, and large-field neurons whose morphologies were entered into a computer through a neuron tracing program. 3. Values for the specific membrane resistance (Rm) varied from 5,000 to 100,000 omega/cm2 to conform to the range of Rm values obtained with intracellular sharp electrodes and whole-cell recordings. 4. Synaptic input currents were simulated by injecting current with and without an underlying conductance change into different regions of the dendritic tree. The time-variant waveform of the current included a combined transient and sustained component similar to the waveform of ON-bipolar activation. 5. Simulations were base on 1) intact structures, which included the soma and the entire dendritic tree, and 2) a more limited cell geometry that included representation of the soma, but only part of the dendritic tree, to represent the restricted morphology that might be rendered after cutting the retina into 150-microns cross sections for retinal slice experiments. 6. The results of this study indicate that voltage clamping from the soma, with optimal, low resistance electrodes and series resistance compensation, provides an error-free voltage clamp for slow signals that are generated within a small electrotonic distance from the soma (approximately 0.1 lambda). 7. The ideal voltage-clamp conditions are optimized when synaptic conductances are small and nonlinear membrane elements are minimally activated: small-field neurons best approximate these conditions, but clamping errors are evident in these cells when more distal branches are activated. The degree of error in voltage clamping was much greater when medium-and large-field neurons were evaluated. 8. It was not possible to clamp action potentials (nonpropagating) even when they were generated near the soma in any of the three model cells examined. 9. Experimental paradigms were developed to demonstrate that inadequate voltage clamping can lead to errors in the interpretation of experimental data when relevant variables are not taken into consideration. Suggestions are made for determining and optimizing favorable clamp conditions. Journal Article Vences, Miguel;Glaw, Frank 1996 Further investigations on Discoglossus bioacoustics: Relationships between D. galganoi galganoi, D. g. jeanneae and D. pictus scovazzi Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 333-340 bioacoustics; Discoglossus galganoi; Discoglossus pictus Journal Article Vences, Miguel;Köhler, Jörn;Schmidt, Kathrin;Glaw, Frank 1996 Mantella betsileo: Haltung, Nachzucht und Farbvarianten DATZ 49 9 579-582 Madagascar; Mantella betsileo Journal Article Vences, Miguel;Glaw, Frank;Hirschberger, Karin 1996 Auf der Suche nach roten Scheibenzünglern: Herpetologische Eindrücke aus Korsika DATZ 49 1 44-47 Journal Article Vences, Miguel;Glaw, Frank 1996 Die Chamäleons der Calimma brevicornis gruppe [The chameleons of the Calumma brevicornis group] DATZ 49 4 240-245 Calumma brevicornis group Journal Article Vences, Miguel;Müller-Jung, Joachim;Glaw, Frank;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Review of the Zonosaurus aeneus species group, with resurrection of Zonosaurus subunicolor (Boettger 1881) (Reptilia: Squamata: Gerrhosauridae) Senckenbergiana Biologica 76 1/2 47-59 Journal Article Venchi, Alberto;Bologna, Marco A. 1996 Lacerta parva Boulenger, a new lizard species for the European fauna Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 89-90 Lacerta parva; Distribution Journal Article Venizelos, Lily 1996 Mediterranean loggerheads are thriving in Lybia Marine Turtle Newsletter 1996 72 2 Journal Article Vervest, Marc 1996 Time is money: Acrantophis dumerilii alsnog aan het eten Het Terrarium 13 10 5-6 Journal Article Vervest, Marc 1996 Flagelatenbehandeling met metronidazolum Het Terrarium 14 1 26-27 Journal Article Vervest, Marc 1996 Onderweg/En route/ On the road Het Terrarium 13 12 31-32 Journal Article Viader-Riera, J. 1996 Herpetofilatelia: reptiles de papel Reptilia 2 4 70-71 Herpetophilately Journal Article Viertel, B. 1996 Der Buccopharynx und der Filterapparat der Anurenlarven - Morphologie, Ultrastructur, Ontogenese, Funktion, Leistung bei der Nahrungsaufnahme und ökologische Bedeutung Mainzer Naturwiss. Archiv. 34 187-263 Journal Article Viertel, Bruno 1996 Der Buccopharynx und der Filterapparat der Anurenlarven: Morphologie, Ultrastruktur, Ontogenese, Funktion, Leistung bei der Nahrungsaufnahme und ökologische Bedeutung Mainzer naturwiss. Archiv 34 187-263 Journal Article Vieth, Michael 1996 Verbreitung, und Gefährdung der Gelbbauchunke, Bombina v. variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), in Rheinland-Pfalz Naturschutzreport 11 1 177-186 Journal Article Vikberg, Jaakko 1996 Puheenjohtajan puheenvuoro Herpetomania 5 5 34-36 Journal Article Villareal, David Lazcano;Fernandez, Hilda Garza 1996 Bacterial flora present in skin, mouth and cloaca of the leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius Blyth, 1854 Dactylus 3 1 29-335 Eublepharis macularius Book Section Vilnitis, Valts 1996 Zum Status der Rotbauchunke in Lettland Krone, Andreas and Kühnel, Klaus-Detlef Rana SonderhefDie Rotbauchunke (Bombina bombina) Ökologie und Bestandssituation Rangsdorf, Germany Natur & Text 132 Bombina bombina; Latvia; Status Journal Article Viña Bertolotto, Carolina Elena;Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut;Skuk, Gabriel;Tonenaga-Yassuda, Yatiyo 1996 Comparative cytogenetic analysis with differential staining in three species of Liolaemus (Squamata, Tropiduridae) Hereditas 125 257-264 Book Vitt, Laurie J.;de la Torre, Stella 1996 Guia Para la Investigacion de las Lagartijas de Cuyabeno. A research Guide to the Lizards of Cuyabeno [Ecuador] Quito Muzeo de Zoologia (QCAZ), Centro de Biodiversidad y Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador 165 Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Zani, Peter A. 1996 Ecology of the South American lizard Norops chrysolepis (Polychrotidae) Copeia 1996 1 56-68 Norops chrysolepis; Ecology Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1996 Geckos of the Amazon River Basin Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 12-20 South America; Gekkonidae Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Avila-Pires, Teresa C.S.;Zani, Peter A. 1996 Observations on the Ecology of the rare Amazonian lizard, Enyalius leechii (Polychrotidae) Herpetological Natural History 4 1 77-82 Enyalius leechii; ecology Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Zani, Peter A. 1996 Ecology of the elusive tropical lizard Tropidurus [=Uracentron] flaviceps (Tropiduridae) in lowland rain forest of Ecuador Herpetologica 52 1 121-132 Ecuador; Lizard ecology; South America; tropical lizard; Tropiduridae; Tropidurus flaviceps; Uracentron Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Zani, Peter A. 1996 Ecology of the lizard Ameiva festiva (Teiidae) in southeastern Nicaragua Journal of Herpetology 30 1 110-117 Ameiva festiva; Ecology; Nicaragua Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1996 Ecological observations on the tropical colubrid snake Leptodeira annulata Herpetological Natural History 4 1 69-76 Leptodeira annulata; ecology Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J. 1996 Book Review: Revision of the Neotropical Snake Genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae) Herpetological Review 27 2 95-97 Book Review Journal Article Vitt, Laurie J.;Zani, Peter A.;Caldwell, Janalee P. 1996 Behavioural ecology of Tropidurus hispidus on isolated rock outcrops in Amazonia Journal of Tropical Ecology 12 81-101 Journal Article Vitt, L. J. 1996 Book Review: Revision of the neotropical snake genus Chironius Fitzinger (Serpentes, Colubridae) by J. R. Dixon, J. A. Wiest, Jr., and J. M. Cei Herpetological Review 27 95-97 Book Section Vitt, L. J. 1996 Biodiversity of Amazonian lizards Gibson, A. C. Neotropical Biodiversity and Conservation Los Angeles Occasional Publication of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden 1 89-108 Journal Article Vitt, L. J.;Avila-Pires, T. C. S.;Zani, P. A. 1996 Observations on the ecology of the rare Amazonian lizard, Enyalius leechii (Polychrotidae) Herpetological Natural History 4 77-82 reproduction, tropics, diet, Amazon, Brazil Book Vitt, L. J.;Torre, S. 1996 Guia para la Investigacion de las Lagartijas de Cuyabeno: A Research Guide to the Lizards of Cuyabeno Museo de Zoologia (QCAZ), Centro de Biodiversidad y Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Monograph #1 165 Journal Article Vitt, L. J.;Zani, P. A. 1996 Organization of a taxonomically diverse lizard assemblage in Amazonian Ecuador Canadian Journal of Zoology 74 1313-1335 Journal Article Vivarium Research Group 1996 Common vivarium plants Vivarium 8 1 22-23 Journal Article Vogrin, Nusa 1996 Rana latastei in Croatia and Slovenia Froglog 18 1 Rana latastei Journal Article Volgens, F.;van Duin, S. 1996 Incubatietemperaturen voor kameleon-eieren [Incumation temperatures for chameleon eggs] Terra 32 1 21 Journal Article Vonier, P.M.;Crain, D.A.;Mclachlan, J.A.;Guillette, L.J.;Arnold, S.F. 1996 Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator Environmental Health Perspectives 104 12 1318-1322 Reptilia, sauria, crocodylia, alligator, intoxication, DDT, environmental estrogens, estrogen receptor, pesticides, progesterone receptor Reports of reproductive abnormalities in the American alligator from Lake Apopka, Florida, have been linked to a spill of DDT and other pesticides suspected of having hormonelike activity. To determine whether environmental chemicals had the potential to function as exogenous hormones in the American alligator, we examined the ability of chemicals to bind the estrogen receptor (aER) and progesterone receptor (aPR) in a protein extract prepared from the oviduct of the alligator. In competition binding assays with [H-3]17 beta-estradiol, some DDT metabolites showed inhibition of [H-3]17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. A combination of DDTs demonstrated an additive decrease in [H-3]17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. Modern-use chemicals such as alachlor, trans-nonachlor, endosulfan, and atrazine also competed with [H-3]17 beta-estradiol for binding to the aER. To test the effect of chemicals identified in alligator eggs from Lake Apopka on [H-3]17 beta-estradiol binding, we mixed these chemicals at concentrations measured in eggs in the competition binding assay. 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide (p,p '-DDD) and trans-nonachlor, both found in Lake Apopka, interacted with aER, whereas others such as chlordane and toxaphene did not. Surprisingly, combinations of these chemicals deceased [H-3]17 beta-estradiol binding in a greater than additive manner. To assess the ability of chemicals to interact with aPR, we performed competition binding assays with the synthetic progestin [H-3]R5020. Most of the chemicals tested did nor reduce [H-3]R5020 binding to aPR, whereas endosulfan, alachlor, and kepone inhibited binding. These results provide the first evidence that environmental chemicals bind the aER and aPR from the American alligator, supporting the hypothesis that the reported reproductive abnormalities may be related to the modulation of endocrine-related responses. The findings that combinations of chemicals demonstrated a greater than additive interaction with the aER and some chemicals bind to the aPR in the competition binding assay are novel. This suggests that interactions of these chemicals with the endocrine system are complex. SF Arnold, Tulane Xavier Ctr Bioenvironm Res, 1430 Tulane Ave SL3, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA Journal Article Vonier, P.M.;Crain, D.A.;McLachlan, J.A.;Guillette, L.J.;Arnold, S.F. 1996 Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator Environm. Health Perspect. 104 12 1318-1322 AM, pollutants, reproduction, endocrinology, Reports of reproductive abnormalities in the American alligator from Lake Apopka, Florida, have been linked to a spill of DDT and other pesticides suspected of having hormonelike activity. To determine whether environmental chemicals had the potential to function as exogenous hormones in the American alligator, we examined the ability of chemicals to bind the estrogen receptor (aER) and progesterone receptor (aPR) in a protein extract prepared from the oviduct of the alligator. In competition binding assays with 17 beta-estradiol, some DDT metabolites showed inhibition of 17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. A combination of DDTs demonstrated an additive decrease in 17 beta-estradiol binding to aER. Modern-use chemicals such as alachlor, trans-nonachlor, endosulfan, and atrazine also competed with 17 beta-estradiol for binding to the aER. To test the effect of chemicals identified in alligator eggs from Lake Apopka on 17 beta-estradiol binding, we mixed these chemicals at concentrations measured in eggs in the competition binding assay. 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide (p,p '-DDD) and trans-nonachlor, both found in Lake Apopka, interacted with aER, whereas others such as chlordane and toxaphene did not. Surprisingly, combinations of these chemicals deceased 17 beta-estradiol binding in a greater than additive manner. To assess the ability of chemicals to interact with aPR, we performed competition binding assays with the synthetic progestin R5020. Most of the chemicals tested did nor reduce R5020 binding to aPR, whereas endosulfan, alachlor, and kepone inhibited binding. These results provide the first evidence that environmental chemicals bind the aER and aPR from the American alligator, supporting the hypothesis that the reported reproductive abnormalities may be related to the modulation of endocrine-related responses. The findings that combinations of chemicals demonstrated a greater than additive interaction with the aER and some chemicals bind to the aPR in the competition binding assay are novel. This suggests that interactions of these chemicals with the endocrine system are complex. Journal Article Vonier, Peter M.;Crain, D. Andrew;McClachlan, John A.;Guillette, Louis J.;Arnold, Steven F. 1996 Interaction of environmental chemicals with estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator Environmental Health Perspectives 104 12 1318-1322 Endocrine disrupters, hormone conservation, alligator, DDT, environmental estrogens, estrogen receptor, pesticides Journal Article Voort, van der 1996 About snakes and parricides Litteratura Serpentium 16 5 130-133 Salmonella Journal Article Voprsalek, T.;Simunek, J. 1996 Vitamin A deficiency in tortoises Tierarztliche Umschau 51 11 711 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, food, feeding, vitamin A During the period 1986 to 1993, 6 804 reptiles were observed in the small animal clinic in Prague. The majority were suffering from vitamin A deficiency. Of the total number of reptiles, 3564 were tortoises of which 3 155 (88%) had some form of vitamin A deficiency and 94.8% of these were three years old or younger, A further 23 of 1 859 true tortoises, 11 of 775 snakes 16 of 579 lizards and 2 of 27 crocodiles were suffering from vitamin A deficiency. Other vitamin and, or mineral deficiencies were observed in 3% of the tortoises, 8% of the true tortoises and snakes, 47% of the lizards and 44% of the crocodiles. Other diseases which were observed in the 3 155 tortoises with vitamin A deficiency included anorexia in 2 792, respiratory disease, notably mycotic infections, in 1 084, mycotic infections of rite skin and, or the carapace and plastran in 119 animals and a further 70 animals with kidney disease. These additional disorder were most frequent ir? tortoises kept at low temperatures of 15-22 degrees C; respiratory disease occurred in 91.1% of animals kept under these conditions and 86.3% were anorexic. It is therefore important to maintain the animals in an appropiate environment in addition to the provision of medicines. Stages of vitamin A deficiency were observed and these are described to assist in the treatment and prognosis. The therapeutic regimes used are summarised. T Voprsalek, Rybalkova 15, CZ-10000 Prague 10, Czech Republic Journal Article Voprsalek, T.;Simunek, J. 1996 Vitamin-A-Deficiency in Tortoises Tierarztliche Umschau 51 11 711 Reptilia, testudines, deficiency, vitamin A Journal Article Voris, Harold K.;Karns, Daryl R. 1996 Habitat utilization, movements, and activity patterns of Enhydris plumbea (Serpentes: Homalopsinae) in a rice paddy wetland in Borneo Herpetological Natural History 4 2 111-126 habitat utilization; Movements; Activity patterns; Tropical snake ecology; Enhydris plumbea; Homalopsinae; malaysia; Borneo Journal Article Vorobyeva, E. I.;Hinchliffe, J. R. 1996 Developmental pattern and morphology of Salamandrella keyserlingii limbs (Amphibia, Hynobiidae) including some evolutionary aspects Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 1 68-81 Caudata; Limb development; variation; evolution Journal Article Voss, S. R.;Shaffer, H. B. 1996 What insights into the developmental traits of urodeles does the study of interspecific hybrids provide? Int J Dev Biol 40 4 885-93 Natural and artificial hybrids represent an important source of material for developmental and evolutionary studies of urodeles. We review the available literature on hybrid salamanders, emphasizing the unique developmental insights that these organisms provide. Of particular interest is the application of new molecular tools to identify DNA markers for traditional characters in developmental research, and we discuss our own results using Bulk Segregant Analysis to identify RAPD markers for the white phenotype in the axolotl. We pay particular attention to the inferences that can be drawn from the many disparate crosses between ambystomatid salamanders that vary in their metamorphic response. These crossing experiments suggest that 1) metamorphosis is dominant to paedomorphosis, 2) that different ambystomatids use different genetic mechanisms to block metamorphosis and become sexually mature, larval paedomorphs, and 3) metamorphosis may be controlled by a few genetic loci. As increasingly sophisticated molecular approaches are applied to these and other hybrid crossing schemes, it should be possible to understand the mechanistic basis of a wide variety of developmental characters that differentiate urodele species. Journal Article Vrcibradic, Davor;Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte 1996 Mabuya frenata (NCN). Cannibalism Herpetological Review 27 4 201-202 Journal Article Vrcibradic, Davor;Rocha, Carlos Frederico D. 1996 Ecological differences in tropical sympatric skinks (Mabuya macrorhyncha and Mabuya agilis) in southeastern Brazil Journal of Herpetology 30 1 60-67 Mabuya macrorhyncha; Mabuya agilis; Ecology Journal Article Vriendt, de 1996 De bezoeking... bij Frits Mullenders Het Terrarium 13 11 11-13 Journal Article Vyas, Raju 1996 Breeding data on Lissemys punctata from Western India Hamadryad 21 45-47 Lissemys punctata; Breeding; Reproduction Journal Article Vyas, Raju 1996 Amphibian fauna of Gujarat State: Updated list and regional distribution Zoo's print 11 5 12-13 India Journal Article Vyas, Raju 1996 Captive breeding of the Indian Rock Python (Python molurus molurus) The Snake 27 2 127-134 Journal Article Vyas, Raju 1996 Amphibian fauna of Gujarat state: updated list and regional distribution Zoos' Print 11 5 12-13 Book Wagner, Doug 1996 Boas: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual Hauppauge , NY Barrons 96 Journal Article Wagner, Ernie;Lazik, Casey 1996 Husbandry and reproduction of Austrialian geckos of the genus Nephrurus Reptiles 4 5 56-67 Nephrurus Journal Article Wagner, Ernie 1996 Star tortoises Reptiles 4 3 50-51 Geochelone elegans Journal Article Wagner, Ernie 1996 Cooling collard lizards, inexpensive incubators Reptiles 4 1 70-71 Journal Article Wagner, Ernie 1996 Sexing bearded dragons, green tree python eggs Reptiles 4 2 36-37 Journal Article Wagner, Tobias 1996 Untersuchungen zum aquatischen Lebensraum der Gelbbauchunke, Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), als Grundlage für Pflege- und Entwicklungskonzepte Naturschutzreport 11 1 69-76 Journal Article Wakahara, Masami 1996 Heterochrony and neotenic salamanders: Possible clues for understanding the animal development and evolution Zoological Science 13 765-776 Journal Article Wakahara, Masami 1996 Primordial germ cell development: is the urodele pattern closer to mammals than to anurans? Int. J. Dev. Biol. 40 653-659 Book Section Wake, David B. 1996 Introduction Sanderson, Michael J. and Hufford, L. Homoplasy: The Recurrence of Similarity in Evolution San Diego Academic Press xvii-xxv Journal Article Wake, David B.;Hanken, James 1996 Direct development in the lungless salamanders: what are the consequences fro developmental biology, evolution and phylogenesis? International Journal of Developmental Biology 40 859-869 Book Section Wake, David B. 1996 Evolutionary developmental biology-prospectus for an evolutionary synthesis at the developmental level Ghiselin, M. T. and Pinna, G. New Perspectives on the History of Life San Francisco Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 20 97-107 Journal Article Wake, David B. 1996 A new species of Batrachoseps (Amphibia: Plethodontidae) from the San Gabriel Mountains, southern California Contributions to Science 463 1-12 Book Section Wake, David B. 1996 Schmalhausen's evolutionary morphology and its value in formulating research strategies Systematic Biology as an Historical Science Milano Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 27 129-132 Journal Article Wake, D. B.;Hanken., J. 1996 Direct development in the lungless salamanders: what are the consequences for developmental biology, evolution and phylogenesis? Int. J. Develop. Biol. 40 859-869 Journal Article Wake, David B. 1996 A new species of Batrachoseps (Amphibia: Plthodontidae) from the San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California Contributions in Science 463 1-12 Batrachoseps gabrieli sp. nov. Journal Article Walczak, John T. 1996 A technique for the safe restraint of venomous snakes HOTS Reptile Research 6 1 78 Journal Article Waldren, Ian 1996 Sperm retention in the spotted python Antaresia maculosa Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 2 97-98 Antaresia maculosa; sperm retention Journal Article Waldren, Ian 1996 Rainforests of Northern Cape York Peninsula and their exploitation by herptiles Monitor: Journal of the Victorian Herpetological Society Inc. 8 1 5-14 Cape York Peninsula Journal Article Waldron, Kevin;Montgomery, Chad;Hobert, Justin;Donoho, Ron;Mackessy, Stephen P. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rhincheilus lecontei tessellatus Herpetological Review 27 1 35 Journal Article Walker, James M.;Cordes, James E.;Mendoza Quijano, Fernando;Hernandez Garcia, Efrain 1996 Implications of extraordinary variation in the little striped whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus inornatus Baird (Sauria: Teiidae) in Chihuahua, México Journal of Herpetology 30 2 271-275 Cnemidophorus inornatus; variation Journal Article Walker, Sean E.;Ford, Neil B. 1996 Courtship and mating behavior in the brown house snake Lamprophis fulginosus Journal of Herpetology 30 3 416-418 Lamprophis fulginosus; Courtship; Mating behavior Journal Article Walker, James M.;Cordes, James E.;Taylor, Harry L. 1996 Extirpation of the parthenogenetic lizard Cnemidophorus tesselatus from historically significant sites in Pueblo County, Colorado Herpetological Review 27 1 16-17 Cnemidophorus tesselatus Journal Article Walker, James M.;Smith, Hobart M.;Cordes, James E. 1996 Cnemidophorus univalens Kraemer, 1989: An erroneous subsequent spelling without nomenclatural status Herpetological Review 27 1 11 Nomenclature; Cnemidophorus univalens Journal Article Wallace, Chris 1996 Some herp-hints Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1996 January 4-6 Journal Article Wallace, Chris 1996 Zen and the art of herptile maintenance Essex Reptiles & Amphibians Society Newsletter 1996 February 8-11 Journal Article Wallach, Van;Bauer, Aaron M. 1996 On the identity and status of Simotes semicinctus Peters, 1862 (Serpentes: Colubridae) Hamadryad 21 13-18 Simotes semicinctus; Oligodon; Revalidation; Colubridae; Borneo; Oligodon semicinctus Journal Article Wallach, Van 1996 Two new blind snakes of the Typhlops ater species group from Papua New Guinea (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) Russian Journal of Herpetology 3 2 107-118 Typhlopidae; Typhlops mcdowelli n. sp.; Typhlops fredparkeri n. sp.; New species; Typhlops ater group; Viscera; papua New Guinea; Key Journal Article Wallach, Van 1996 The systematic status of the Ramphotyphlops flaviventer (Peters) complex (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 4 341-359 Ramphotyphlops flaviventer complex; systematics; Typhlopidae; Ramphotyphlops depressus; taxonomic key Journal Article Wallach, Van;Ineich, Ivan 1996 Redescription of a rare Malagasy blind snake, Typhlops grandidieri Mocquard, with placement in a new genus (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) Journal of Herpetology 30 3 367-376 Systematics; Typhlopidae; Typhlops grandidieri; Taxonomy; Morphology; Xenotyphlops gen. nov.; New Genus; Xenotyphlops grandidieri Journal Article Wallach, V. 1996 Notes and corrections on two Scolecophidians: Ramphotyphlops albiceps and Leptotyphlops brasiliensis Herpetological Review 27 1 10 Taxonomy; Ramphotyphlops albiceps; Leptotyphlops brasiliensis Journal Article Wallach, V.;Bauer, Aaron M. 1996 On the identity and status of Smotes semicinctus Peters, 1862 (Serpentes: Colubridae) Hamadryad 21 13-18 Journal Article Wallach, Van 1996 Leptotyphlops drewesi n. sp., a worm snake from central Kenya (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae) Journal of African Zoology 110 6 426-433 Journal Article Walley, Harlan D. 1996 Book review: Pleistocene Amphibians and Reptiles in North America Herpetozoa 9 3/4 177-178 Book review Journal Article Walley, Harland D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis Herpetological Review 27 2 86 Journal Article Walley, Harlan D. 1996 Book review: Reptiles of North Carolina Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32 4 119-120 Journal Article Wallner, Liza Marie 1996 Endemic repriles of the Galapagos Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 8-14 Galapagos Islands Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Book Review: Reptile and Amphibians Variants: Colors, Patterns, and Scales Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 100-101 Book Review Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 The "new" emperor newt Tylototriton shanjing. The crocodile and emporer newts Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 14-18 Tylototriton Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Kinixys: the forest tortoises Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 76-81 Kinixys Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Ken Williams: the man who "made' milk snakes Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 56-60 Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 The pig-nosed turtle Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 78-80 Carettochelys insculpta Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Tracking sea turtles with mtDNA Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 66-69 Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Byron Barnes: Kitchen breeder Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 62-64 Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Sistemática y taxonomiá de las Elaphe Reptilia 2 3 57-60 Elaphe Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 A visit to a cricket farm Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 46-51 Journal Article Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Pseudis: the paradoxical frogs Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 80-85 Pseudis Book Walls, Jerry G. 1996 Blue-Tongued Skinks: Keeping & Breeding them in Captivity Neptune, NJ TFH 64 Journal Article Walls, S.C.;C. S. Conrad, M. L. Murillo;Blaustein., A. R. 1996 Agonistic behaviour in larvae of the northwestern salamander (Ambystoma gracile): the effects of kinship, familiarity and population source. Animal Behaviour 133 965-984 Journal Article Walls, S. C. 1996 Differences in foraging behavior explain interspecific growth inhibition in competing salamanders Animal Behaviour 52 1157-1162 Journal Article Walpole, B. G. 1996 Suspected snakebite in children: a study of 156 patients over 10 years [letter; comment] Med J Aust 165 3 173 Journal Article Walsberg, G. E.;Wolf, B. O. 1996 A test of the accuracy of operative temperature thermometers for studies of small ectotherms Journal of Thermal Biology 21 5/6 275-281 operative temperature, ectotherms, lizards, Sceloporus magister Journal Article Walters, Adam C.;Card, Winston 1996 Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida cottonmouth). Brood defense Herpetological Review 27 4 203 Journal Article Walters, Adam C.;Roberts, David T.;Covell, Charles V., Jr 1996 Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (Southern copperhead). Prey Herpetological Review 27 4 202 Journal Article Walters, Graham 1996 Of robins, rats and wall lizards British Herpetological Society Bulletin 57 26-28 Podarcis muralis Journal Article Walters, A. C.;Card, W. 1996 Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida cottonmouth). Brood defense. Herpetological Review 27 4 203 Agkistrodon piscivorus, cottonmouth reproduction, behavior, Journal Article Wamukoya, George 1996 Kenya to minimize mortality in shrip fishery Marine Turtle Newsletter 73 17-18 Journal Article Wang, J.;Ludwig, T.A.;Narins, P.M. 1996 Spatial and spectral dependence of the auditory periphery in the northern leopard frog Journal of Comparative Physiology A - Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 178 2 159-172 tympanic membrane; eardrum; auditory nerve; amphibian; sound localization; RANA-PIPIENS-PIPIENS; DORSAL MEDULLARY NUCLEUS; GREEN TREE FROG; DIRECTIONAL HEARING; SOUND LOCALIZATION; NERVE-FIBERS; ELEUTHERODACTYLUS-COQUI; BINAURAL INTERACTION; HYLA-CINEREA; TEMPORARIA L Journal Article Warbeck, A.;Breiter, I.;Parzefall, J. 1996 Evidence for chemical communication in the aquatic caecilian Typhlonectes natans (Typhlonectidae, Gymnophiona) Memoires de Biospeologie 23 37-41 Typhlonectes Natans; Communication; Chemosensory Organ; Sensory System Caecilians are nocturnal, mostly burrowing amphibians with reduced eyes and a unique chemosensory organ, the tentacle, which is associated with the vomeronasal organ. The behaviour of the aquatic caecilian Typhlonectes natans indicates that the eye may be functional in light versus dark perception but not in visual communication. Since males, females and juveniles spend a lot of time resting together at their hiding places, we investigated how they find these places and their conspecifics. It was ascertained by choice tests that adults prefer a previously used hiding place to a control in an unknown aquarium but do not discriminate between their own and a strange one. In further experiments it was demonstrated that adults and juveniles prefer water containing conspecifics over control water in a simultaneous choice chamber. Given the choice between water from their mother and water containing a strange female the juveniles do not discriminate. These results indicate that adult Typhlonectes natans not only mark their communal hiding places but also release a chemical information transferred by water current. The perception of these pheromones enables juveniles and adults of T. natans to find their conspecifics and their communal resting places, even in an unknown environment. Journal Article Ward, Alastair I. 1996 Crocodile research expidition Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 11-12 Journal Article Wareham, David C. 1996 The British adder: Its bite and treatment Reptilian 4 7 47-48 Vipera berus Journal Article Warren, Steven D. 1996 Anthropogenic impacts on desert soils Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 29-31 Gopherus agassizii Journal Article Warren, Edith B. 1996 Functioning of mycorrhizae in natural and disturbed arid ecosystems Desert Tortoise Council Proceedings of 1996 Symposium 31-33 Book Section Wassersug, Richard J. 1996 The biology of Xenopus tadpoles Tinsley, R.C. and Kobel, H.R. The Biology of Xenopus Oxford Clarendon Press 195-211 Xenopus, tadpole, schooling, metamorphosis Book Section Wassersug, R.J. 1996 Assessing and controlling amphibian populations from the larval perspective Green, David Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. Herpetological Conservation St. Louis, MO SSAR 1 salamanders, anurans, tadpoles, sampling, population regulation Journal Article Watanabe, Myrna E. 1996 Book Review: Handbook of Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and Poisons Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 46-51 Book review Journal Article Watermolen, Dreux J. 1996 Bibliography and indices to the herpetological papers published in freshwater biology and limnology journals 1950-1995 Smithsonian Information Service 111 1-9 Amphibians-Freshwater; Reptiles-Freshwater; Bibliography Journal Article Watermolen, Dreux J. 1996 Book Review: Geographic Distribution of the Amphibians and reptiles of Wisconsin Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 12 222-223 Book review Journal Article Watermolen, Dreux J. 1996 Plethodon cinereus (Redback salamander). Brooding behavior Herpetological Review 27 3 136; 138 Journal Article Watermolen, Dreux J. 1996 Bibliography and indices to the herpetological papers published in freshwater biology and limnology journals 1950-1995 Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 111 1-9 Journal Article Watermolen, D. J. 1996 Bibliography and indices to the herpetological papers published in freshwater biology and limnology journals Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 111 1-9 literature, reptiles, amphibians Journal Article Watermolen, D. J.;Gilbertson., H. 1996 Keys for the identication of Wisconsin's larval amphibians Wisconsin Endanger. Res. Rept. 109 1-14 Journal Article Waters, R. Mark;Chiszar, David;Burghardt, Gordon M. 1996 Strike-induced chemosensory searching in the habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis), an Asian pit viper Journal of Herpetology 30 2 147-151 Trimeresurus flavoviridis; Strike-induced chemosensory searching Journal Article Watkins, T.B. 1996 Predator-mediated selection on burst swimming performance in tadpoles of the Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla Physiological Zoology 69 1 154-167 GARTER SNAKES; LOCOMOTION; POPULATION; CAPACITY; FITNESS; LIZARDS; SIZE Journal Article Watkins, G. W. 1996 Proximate causes of sexual size dimorphism in the iguanian lizard Microlophus occipitalis Ecology 77 1473-1482 sexual selection, sexual dimorphism, tropiduridae, South America Journal Article Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J. 1996 A note on behavior in a wild northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) Herpwise: The Greater Dayton Herpetological Society 14 1 3 nerodia sipedon Journal Article Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J.;Watkins-Colwell, Kellie A.;Smith, Hobart M. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hemidactylus turcicus Herpetological Review 27 3 152 Journal Article Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J.;Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sceloporus chaneyi Herpetological Review 27 3 153 Journal Article Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J.;Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sceloporus scalaris scalaris Herpetological Review 27 3 153 Journal Article Weatherhead, P.J.;Brown, P.J. 1996 Measurement versus estimation of condition in snakes Canadian Journal of Zoology - Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 74 9 1617-1621 Reptilia, serpentes, northern water snake, Nerodia sipedon, physiology, condition, reproduction, propagation Because variation in fat reserves (i.e., condition) is expected to contribute to variation in survival and reproductive success, zoologists often wish to estimate the condition of the animals they study. The conventional condition estimates used for snakes are the residuals from a regression of body mass on body length. Because this estimate of condition is not independent of the variables used to estimate it (i.e., fat is a component of body mass), estimates derived in this fashion will be confounded whenever fat varies nonrandomly with length. To avoid this problem we used total lipid extraction to estimate percent body fat in a representative sample of northern water snakes (Nerodia sipedon). The conventional condition index explained less than half the variance in the measured percent body fat in this sample. An improved estimate of condition calculated as the difference between total body mass and predicted lean mass (based on the results of the lipid extraction) explained 70% of the variation in percent body fat in the original sample of snakes. This improved estimate also revealed that condition declined with body size in a large sample of male water snakes measured in early spring over a 4-year period. This last result, coupled with theoretical expectations that condition will not vary randomly with body size in snakes, suggests that researchers interested in condition should derive indices from direct measurements of body fat. PJ Weatherhead ,Carleton Univ ,Dept Biol ,Ottawa ,on K1S 5B6, Canada Journal Article Webb, Grahame 1996 Update: National Meeting for crocodile management Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 4 10 Crocodilians; Conservation; Zimbabwe; Africa Journal Article Webb, Robert G.;Axtell, Ralph W. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Trionyx spiniferus pallidus Herpetological Review 27 4 210 Journal Article Webb, Robert G.;Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David;Watkins-Colwell, Gregory J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Sceloporus scalaris unicanthalis Herpetological Review 27 3 153 Journal Article Webb, Robert G. 1996 A systematic review of the Mexican frog Rana megapoda Taylor (Anura: Ranidae) The Southwestern Naturalist 41 1 35-42 Journal Article Webb, G.J.W.;Vardon, M.J. 1996 Conservation through sustainable use: a discussion of concepts and guidelines for use 83-87 use; utilization Journal Article Webber, Jane 1996 Book review: Python Herpetofauna 26 1 50-51 Book review Journal Article Wei, Y.;Tassava, R. A. 1996 Expression of type XII collagen by wound epithelial, mesenchymal, and ependymal cells during blastema formation in regenerating newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) tails J Morphol 230 2 177-86 Amputation; Animal; Collagen/genetics/*metabolism; Decerebrate State; Ependyma/metabolism/pathology; Epithelium/metabolism/pathology; Histocytochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Mesoderm/metabolism/pathology; Regeneration/*physiology; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Salamandridae/*physiology; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Tail/*injuries/metabolism/*physiopathology; Wounds, Penetrating/metabolism/*physiopathology Previously we showed that type XII collagen (col XII) is highly upregulated in the regenerating newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) forelimb. Here, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we studied the pattern of expression of col XII during early stages of adult newt tail regeneration. The results show that immunoreactivity of col XII is first seen as a thin layer beneath the wound epithelium (WE) at 3 days after amputation. Reactivity associated with the mesenchyme becomes obvious at day 4 and increases considerably between days 6 and 7 after amputation. In situ hybridization indicates that the early WE- associated reactivity and later mesenchymal reactivity are due to increased col XII gene expression by the WE and mesenchyme, respectively. At 7 days after tail amputation both wound epithelial and mesenchymal cells exhibit a strong riboprobe signal. Interestingly, a distinct riboprobe signal is also seen in the cells of the outgrowing ependymal tube at day 7 but little if any col XII immunoreactivity is present. The spatial pattern of col XII gene expression changes by day 14 after amputation in that transcription in mesenchyme is maintained at a high level, in the WE it is reduced, and in ependyma it ceases to be detectable. Local deprivation of the spinal cord significantly lowers the level of col XII message in the mesenchyme. Much of this decrease in transcription is due to minimal mesenchymal cell accumulation secondary to spinal cord ablation. The temporal and spatial patterns of expression of the col XII gene in the WE, mesenchyme, and ependyma during tail regeneration strongly suggest a role for col XII in regulating both spinal cord outgrowth and spinal cord-dependent tail regeneration. Book Weigel, John 1996 The Australian Reptile Park Story Gosford, NSW Australian Reptile Park 48 Journal Article Wells, Kentwood D.;Taigen, Theodore L.;O'Brien, Jennifer A. 1996 The effect of temperature on calling energetics of the spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 2 149-158 Pseudacris crucifer; oxygen consumption; energetics; calling behavior Journal Article Welsh, Hartwell H., Jr 1996 Book review: Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern in California Herpetological Review 27 2 103 Book Review Journal Article Welsh, Hartwell H.;Lind, Amy J. 1996 Habitat correlates of the southern torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton variegatus (Caudata: Rhyacotritonidae), in Northwestern California Journal of Herpetology 30 3 385-398 Rhyacotriton variegatus; habitat; ecology Journal Article Welter, Stephanie M.;Fauth, John E. 1996 Eumeces fasciatus. Entrapment Herpetological Review 27 2 79 Journal Article Wengler, Wolfgang 1996 Erfahrungen mit der Haltung und Vermehrung von Acrantophis dumerili Reptilia 1 1 46-48 Acrantophis dumerili Journal Article Wenker, C.;Baumgartner, R. 1996 What is your diagnosis? - Dysecdysis Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde 138 4 207-209 Reptilia, serpentes, pathology, skin, dysecdysis C Wenker/Univ Zurich/ABT Zoo & Heimtiere/Klin Androl & Gynakol/Winterthurerstr 268/CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland Journal Article Werb, Keith 1996 Notes on some of the reptiles and amphibians of south-west Turkey - Part two The Herptile 21 1 31-35 Turkey Journal Article Werkgroep Naturalia 1996 Mantidactylus pliciferus (Boulenger, 1882) Terra 32 1 3-4 Mantidactylus pliciferus Journal Article Werkgroep Naturalia 1996 Boophis luteus (Boulenger, 1882) Terra 32 1 5-6 Boophis luteus Journal Article Werner, Yehudah L. 1996 To stipple, not to stab Herpetological Review 27 1 7 Journal Article Werner, Yehudah L. 1996 Book review: A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World Copeia 1996 4 1066-1069 Book review Journal Article Werner, Yehudah L.;Sivan, Naomi 1996 Systematics and zoogeography of Ptyodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in the levant: 3. experimental and natural hybrids of P. guttatus and P. puiseuxi Israel Journal of Zoology 42 185-202 Journal Article Werner, E. E.;Anholt., B. R. 1996 Predator-induced behavioral indirect effects: consequences to competitive interactions in anuran larvae Ecology 77 157-169 Journal Article Werning, Heiko 1996 Baja California. Part 2: Las "Islas Galápagos del Norte," un fascinaute mundo insular en el Golfo de California Reptilia 2 8 33-38 Baja California Journal Article Werning, Heiko 1996 Baja California Reptilia 1 1 33-38 Baja California Journal Article Werning, Heiko 1996 Brutkasten Reptilia 1 1 80 Journal Article Wesiak, Klaus 1996 Zum bau von aquaterrarien für großwüchsige Warane [Constructing aqua-terraria for large-growing Varanids] Sauria 18 1 17-25 Varanids; cage construction Journal Article Wesiak, Klaus 1996 Varanus (Polydaedalus) albigularis albigularis (Daudin) Sauria 18 1 2 Varanus albigularis Journal Article Westhouse, R.A.;Jacobson, E.R.;Harris, R.K.;Winter, K.R.;Homer, B.L. 1996 Respiratory and pharyngo-esophageal iridovirus infection in a gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32 4 682-686 Reptila, testudines, gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, pathology, lung, infection, iridovirus, Respiratory and pharyngo-esophageal A free-living adult male gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) was found on Sanibel Island, Florida (USA), on 18 February 1992 with signs of upper respiratory disease. On necropsy after euthanasia on 27 February 1992, severe, extensive necrotizing ulcerative tracheitis, multifocal necrotizing pneumonia, and multifocal necrotizing ulcerative pharyngitis and esophagitis were observed. Large ovoid to round intracytoplasmic basophilic inclusions, which appeared to displace the nucleus to the cell periphery, occurred within degenerate and necrotic epithelial cells of the above tissues, On transmission electron microscopy of formalin-fixed trachea and lung, intracytoplasmic viral particles were observed within necrotic cells in the tracheal lumen and epithelial cells of the lung. Most infected cells also had a roughly spherical granular cytoplasmic inclusion that contained clusters of viral particles. Viral particles had an electron dense spherical to icosahedral core surrounded by a less electron dense icosahedral capsid. Mature extracellular virions mere surrounded by an envelope and were 150 to 220 nm in diameter, Virions and cytoplasmic inclusions were morphologically similar to those of the Family Iridoviridae. RA Westhouse,Univ Florida,Coll Vet Med,Dept Pathobiol,POB 100145,Gainesville, FL 32610 USA Journal Article Wevers, Erik 1996 Das blaue wunder TI Magazin 128 40-42 Dendrobates azureus Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus 1996 Book review: The Amphibian Fauna of Sri Lanka Hamadryad 21 48 Book review Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus 1996 Book review: A Guide to the Snakes of Papua New Guinea Hamadryad 21 48-49 Book review Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus;Andrews, Harry 1996 Tamil Nadu crocodile situation set straight Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 14 4 7 Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus 1996 Madras Croc Bank Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 3 7-8 Journal Article Whitaker, Romulus 1996 Up to our ears in crocs Reptiles 4 4 76-91 Journal Article Whiteman, Howard H.;Wissinger, Scott A.;Brown, Wendy S. 1996 Growth and foraging consequences of facultative paedomorphosis in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum Evolutionary Ecology 10 433-446 Facultative paedomorphosis; polymorphism; phenotypic plasticity; alternative evolutionary mechanisms; growth rate; dietary analyses; salamanders; Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum Journal Article Whiteman, H. H.;Wissinger, S. A.;Brown., W. S. 1996 Growth and foraging consequences oacultative paedomorphosis in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum. Evolutionary Ecology 10 433-446 Journal Article Whiteside, Beatrice ca. 1923 The development of the saccus endolymphaticus in Rana temporaria Linné American Journal of Anatomy 30 2 231-266 Journal Article Whiting, Martin J.;Dixon, James R.;Greene, Brian D. 1996 Measuring snake activity patterns: the influence of habitat heterogeneity on catchability Amphibia-Reptilia 17 1 47-54 Activity patterns Journal Article Whiting, M. J.;Dixon, J. R.;Greene, B. D. 1996 Measuring snake activity patterns: The influence of habitat heterogeneity on catchability Amphibia-Reptilia 17 47-54 reptiles, techniques,sampling, Nerodia harteri Journal Article Whitlock, Ian 1996 Book review: Keeping and Breeding Lizards Reptilian 4 8 62 Book review Journal Article Whitlock, Ian 1996 The Western hognose snake Reptilian 4 2 39-42 Heterodon nasicus Journal Article Whitlock, Ian 1996 Keeping and breeding garter snakes Reptilian 4 7 39-42 Thamnophis Journal Article Whittier, J. M.;Mason, R. T. 1996 Plasma triglyceride and beta-hydroxybutyric acid levels in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) at emergence from hibernation Experientia 52 2 145-8 Animal; Colubridae/*physiology; Estivation; Female; *Hibernation; Hydroxybutyrates/*blood; Male; Seasons; Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors; Triglycerides/*blood Measurement of plasma levels of triglycerides and beta-hydroxybutyric acid in females and males of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) suggest that the former may provide a useful physiological marker of condition. Levels of triglycerides at emergence from hibernation during a month of natural aphagia were significantly greater in females than in males and she-males, a subset of the male population that mimics females. Higher levels of triglycerides in the females may be attributed to their greater body mass per unit length, which was correlated with the level of triglycerides. Plasma triglyceride levels declined in females within one month of emergence, at the onset of feeding, and were unrelated to mating. Journal Article Wiedmer, Michael;Hodge, Robert Parker 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo boreas Herpetological Review 27 3 148 Conference Proceedings Wijeyamohan, S.;Jayaratne, B.V.R.;Dissanayake, S.;de Silva, M.;Santiapillai, C. 1996 Preliminary study of crocodiles in the Ruhuna National Park, Sri Lanka 47 Journal Article Wijnen, Ton 1996 Een aangename verrassing... Het Terrarium 14 7 11 Journal Article Wild, Erik Russell 1996 Book Review: Amphibians and Reptiles Native to Minnesota Herpetological Review 27 2 101-103 Book Review Journal Article Wild, Chris 1996 A case of predation on a mountain chameleon Chamaeleo montium by white crested hornbill Buceros albochristatus British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55 43 Chamaeleo montium; predation Journal Article Wild, Erik Russell 1996 Natural history and resource use of four Amazonian tadpole assemblages Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum 176 1-59 Reserva Cuzco Amazónica, Río Madre de Dios, Peru, rainfall Journal Article Wild, Erik Russell 1996 Natural History and resource use of four Amazonian tadpole assemblages Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 176 1-59 Journal Article Wilhelm, W.;Walbeek, L.C. van, Klaver, P.S.J. 1996 Manual Sex Determination of Unsedated Large Crocodiles. Proceedings Eur. Ass. Zoo- Wildl. Vets 1 289-290 Reptilia, sauria, crocodyla, management, sexing, unsedated A box, of proper size can be constructed and provided with sliding doors in the bottom - also for larger crocodiles - enabling manual probing of the cloaca and determination of the sex, without anaesthetising the animals. Journal Article Wilkie, Bob 1996 Force feeding snakes: my experience with rat snakes and western hognose snakes Rephiberary 1996 221 10 Journal Article Wilkie, Bob 1996 Failure and success (the downs and ups of herpetology) The Rephiberary 227 7-8 Journal Article Wilkinson, Mark 1996 Resolution of the taxonomic status of Nectocaecilia haydee (Roze) and a revised key to the genera of the Typhlonectidae (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Journal of Herpetology 30 3 413-415 Gymnophiona; Typhlonectidae; Nectocaecilia haydee; Taxonomy; Key Journal Article Wilkinson, John W. 1996 The European toads Reptilian 4 2 52-55 Bufo bufo; Bufo calamita Journal Article Wilkinson, Mark;Nussbaum, Ronald A. 1996 On the phylogenetic position of the Uraeotyphlidae (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Copeia 1996 3 550-562 Uraeotyphilidae; Gymnophiona; Uraeotyphlus Journal Article Wilkinson, Mark 1996 The taxonomic status of Typhlonectes venezuelense Fuhrmann (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae) Herpetological Journal 6 1 30-31 Typhlonectes venezuelense Journal Article Wilkinson, Jeffery A.;Matsui, Masafumi;Terachi, Toru 1996 Geographic variation in a Japanese tree frog (Rhacophorus arboreus) revealed by PCR-aided restriction site analysis of mtDNA Journal of Herpetology 30 3 418-423 Rhacophorus arboreus; Geographic variation; RFLP; mtDNA; PCR Journal Article Wilkinson, M.;Nussbaum, R. A. 1996 On the phylogenetic position of the uraeotyphlidae (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Copeia 1996 3 550-562 Taxonomy; Phylogeny; Cardiovascular Morphology The taxonomic history of the monogeneric caecilian family Uraeotyphlidae and hypotheses concerning its phylogenetic position are briefly reviewed. Previous phylogenetic analyses identified Uraeotyphlidae as sister to a "higher" caecilian clade that includes the families Caeciliaidae, Scolecomorphidae, and Typhlonectidae. However, two distinctive derived features of the cardiovascular system are characteristic of Uraeotyphlidae and Ichthyophiidae and provide support for the alternative hypothesis that they are sister taxa. Characters of significance for phylogenetic relationships of Uraeotyphlidae are reviewed. Parsimony analysis of a combined data set, including new characters and others drawn from the literature, supports the hypothesis that Uraeotyphlidae is sister to the Ichthyophiidae; the new characters are instrumental in producing this result. A compatibility analysis lends further support to this conclusion. Journal Article Wilkinson, M. 1996 The heart and aortic arches of rhinatrematid caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118 2 135-150 Rhinatrematid Caecilian; Gymnophiona; Cardiovascular System; Heart; Aortic Arch; Morphology; Phylogeny Previous studies have shown there to be considerable inter-specific variation in the cardiovascular anatomy of five of the six families of caecilians. Observations on the previously unstudied Rhinatrematidae reveal this family to be characterized by a number of cardiovascular features that are unique within the Gymnophiona. These include a poorly developed sinus venosus sinistra, a short truncus arteriosus, separate carotid and systemic arches and the right atrium larger than the left. Character analysis indicates that these unique features are primitive within the Gymnophiona and they provide considerable additional support for the hypothesis that the Rhinatrematidae are the sister-group to all other caecilians. This hypothesis appears to be among the best supported hypotheses of relationships within the Gymnophiona. Caecilian cardiovascular variation provides a useful source of evidence for phylogeny reconstruction that should be integrated into phylogenetic studies of the group. Journal Article Williams, Jay 1996 Think before you buy Reptiles 4 3 116 Journal Article Williams, Avery A.;Cordes, James E. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Pituophis ruthveni Herpetological Review 27 1 35 Journal Article Williams, J.W. Tweedell, K.S. Sterling, D. Marshall, N. Christ, C.G. Carlson, D.L. Mckinnell, R.G. 1996 Oncogenic herpesvirus DNA absence in kidney cell lines established from the northern leopard frog Rana pipiens Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 27 1 1-4 Amphibia, amura, Rana pipiens, infection, virus, herpes, Lucke renal adenocarcinoma The etiological agent of the Lucke renal adenocarcinoma of the northern leopard frog Rana pipiens is the Lucke tumor herpesvirus (LTV). LTV can be detected with the electron microscope in thin sections of spontaneous tumors from frogs that have been exposed to a cold environment. No viruses can be detected with the electron microscope in spontaneous tumors of frogs maintained under warm conditions even though the 'virus-free' (warm) tumors contain latent LTV. Because electron microscopy is an insufficient procedure to detect the oncogenic herpesvirus during its latent phase and because we sought to ascertain whether the virus is present in cells which do not manifest electron microscope-detectable viruses, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure to amplify a Hind III fragment of the viral DNA, JH12. While all warm, 'virus-free', spontaneous kidney tumors studied thus far contain this restriction enzyme fragment of LTV DNA, we report here that we failed to detect JH12 DNA in the tumor-derived cell line PNKT-4B. A normal frog cell Line, WMPA, similarly failed to exhibit the restriction enzyme fragment of LTV DNA. JW Williams, Tuskegee Univ, Dept Biol, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA Journal Article Williamson, T.E. 1996?Brachychampsa sealeyi, sp nov, (Crocodylia, Alligatoroidea) from the upper Cretaceous (lower Campanian) Menefee formation, northwestern New Mexic J. Vert. Paleo. 16 11 fossil, ?Brachychampsa sealeyi sp. nov. is a small alligatoroid based on a partial skull, associated partial mandible, and a dorsal? osteoderm from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Campanian) Menefee Formation, northwestern New Mexico. The holotype of ?B. sealeyi is the oldest of four documented Late Cretaceous alligatoroid skulls. ?Brachychampsa sealeyi differs from Brachychampsa montana, Albertochampsa langstoni, and other alligatoroids primarily in having an anteriorly tapering rostrum with a relatively reduced anterior dentition and smaller narial and incisive openings but relatively larger and more bulbous posterior teeth. The single associated osteoderm has a longitudinal keel and surfaces for articulation with overlapping osteoderms. Cladistic analysis suggests that ?B. sealeyi is a sister taxon to B. montana and supports the hypothesis that Brachychampsa and Albertochampsa form a monophyletic clade outside the Alligatoridae. Punctures on the mandible suggests that a bite was inflicted by another alligator. Journal Article Willimon, Kirie;Collins, Joseph T. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Heterodon platirhinos Herpetological Review 27 2 88 Journal Article Wilson, Larry David;McCranie, James R.;Espinal, Mario R. 1996 Coral snake mimics of the genus Pliocercus (Family Colubridae) in Honduras and their mimetic relationships with Micrurus (Family Elapidae) Herpetological Natural History 4 1 57-63 Pliocercus; Micrurus; mimicry Journal Article Wilson, Albert G., Jr;Wilson, Evelyn M. 1996 Plethodon idahoensis (Coeur d'Alene salamander). Snake predation Herpetological Review 27 3 138 Edited Book Wilson, Don E.;Cole, F. Russell;Nichols, James D.;Rudran, Rasanayagam;Foster, Mercedes S. 1996 Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Mammals Washington, DC Smithsonian xxviii, 409 Journal Article Win-Aung;San-Kun;Khin-Pa-Pa-Kyaw;Aye-Kyaw;Hla-Pe 1996 Comparison of efficacy of the antivenom injected intravenously and intramuscularly on envenomed mice with Russell's Viper venom The Snake 27 2 106-109 Journal Article Windmiller, Bryan 1996 Tracking techniques useful for field studies of anuran orienttation and movement Herpetological Review 27 1 13-15 Tracking techniques Journal Article Winkle, Sabine 1996 Pflege und zucht von stirnlappenbasilisken DATZ 49 7 434-436 Basiliscus plumifrons Journal Article Winstel, Al 1996 Book Review: Tracking the Vanishing Frogs The Forked Tongue 21 11 3-4 Book Review Journal Article Wischuf, Tilman;Fritz, Uwe 1996 Eine neue Unterart der Bachschildkröte (mauremys caspica ventrimaculata subsp. nov.) aus dem Iranischen Hochland [A new subspecies of the Caspian turtle (Mauremys caspica ventrimaculata subsp. nov.) from the Iranian Highlands] Salamandra 32 2 113-122 Testudines; Bataguridae; Mauremys caspica ventrimaculata subsp. nov.; taxonomy; Asia; Iran Journal Article Wise, Patrick A. 1996 Understanding your pet's behavior Reptiles 4 1 100-107 Journal Article Wissman, Margaret 1996 Book Review: Reptile Medicine and Surgery Reptiles 4 10 46-47 Book Review Journal Article Wissman, Margaret A. 1996 Common mistakes novice herpers make Reptiles 4 8 86-97 Journal Article Wistuba, Joachim 1996 Ambystoma mexicanum sobre el mantenimiento y la cría del Ajolote Mejicano Reptilia 2 8 43-46 Ambystoma mexicanum; Axolotl Book Witherington, B.E.;Martin, R.E. 1996 Understanding, assessing, and resolving light-pollution problems on se turtle nesting beaches St. Petersburg, Florida Florida Marine Research Institute 73p. orientation/conservation Journal Article Withers, Philip C.;Guppy, Michael 1996 Do Australian desert frogs co-accumulate counteracting solutes with urea during aestivation? The Journal of Experimental Biology 199 1809-1816 Frog, Cyclorana, Neobatrachus, Heleioporus, aestivate, urea, methylamine, trimethylamine, betaine, sarcosine, glycerophosphorylcholine, polyol Journal Article Withgott, James H.;Amlaner, Charles J. 1996 Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta. Foraging Herpetological Review 27 2 81-82 Journal Article Withgott, James H.;Amlaner, Charles J. 1996 Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta (Black rat snake). Response to fire Herpetological Review 27 3 145-146 Journal Article Witwer, Mark 1996 A beginning snake care guide for free distribution Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 1 3 Journal Article Witwer, Mark 1996 General snake care Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 31 1 4-8 Journal Article Witwer, Mark 1996 Time of birth in a rosy boa, Lichanura t. trivirgata Notes from NOAH 23 6 2 Licahanura trivirgata Journal Article Witwer, Mark 1996 Rosy boas Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Nov./Dec. 58-69 Lichanura trivirgata Journal Article Witz, Brian W. 1996 The functional response of Cnemidophorus sexlineatus: laboratory versus field measurements Journal of Herpetology 30 4 498-506 Cnemidophorus sexlineatus; functional response; behavior Journal Article Witz, Brian W. 1996 A new device for capturing small and medium-sized lizards by hand: the lizard grabber Herpetological Review 27 3 130-131 Journal Article Witzell, W.N.;Azarovitz, T. 1996 Relative abundance and thermal and geographic distribution of sea turtles off the US Atlantic coast based on aerial surveys (1963-1969). NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-381 10 green; loggerhead Journal Article Woerkom, Van 1996 Book Review: Der Königspython Litteratura Serpentium 16 2 50-51 Book review Journal Article Wogawa, Diane 1996 Die Steppenschildkröte DATZ 49 8 497 Testudo horsfieldii; Agrionemys horsfieldii Journal Article Wolter, Peter B.;Watermolen, Dreux J. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Rana sylvatica Herpetological Review 27 1 30 Journal Article Wolvekamp, W.T.C. 1996 Radiology of exotic pets (small mammals, birds, and reptiles) Veterinary Quarterly 18 Suppl. 1 S52-S54 Reptilia, sauria, mammalia, aves, technique, anatomy, radiology WTC Wolvekamp, Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Dept Radiol, POB 80164, NL-3508 Td Utrecht, Netherlands Journal Article Wolvelkamp, W.Th.C. 1996 Radiology of exotic pets (Small mammals, birds and reptiles) The Veterinary Quarterly 18 suppl. 1 S 52- 54 Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Testudines, pathology, survey, radiology Journal Article Wood, Roger Conant;Johnson-Gove, Jonnie;Gaffney, Eugene S.;Maley, Kevin F. 1996 Evolution and phylogeny of leatherback turtles (Dermochelyidae), with descriptions of new fossil taxa Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 266-286 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; Egyptemys eocaenus; Natemys peruvianus sp. nov.; Psephophorus rupeliensis; Cosmochelys dolloi; Psephophorus polygonus; systematics; paleontology; phylogeny; Egypt; Peru; Belgium; Egyptemys gen, nov.; new species; new genus Journal Article Wood, Mike 1996 Gaboons! The West African gaboon viper Reptile & Amphibians Magazine 1996 July/Aug. 12-19 Bitis gabonica Journal Article Wood, David 1996 Crocodilia and aquatic reptiles Rephiberary 1996 224 9-10 Journal Article Woodward, Allan 1996 Black caiman reprots questioned Crocodile Specialist Group Newsletter 15 1 3-4 Melanosuchus niger Journal Article Woolley, Peter A. 1996 Responses of Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta to the musk of other turtles Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 21 11 201-202 Chelydra serpentina; Chrysemys picta; Pheromones; behavior Journal Article Wozniak, E.J.;Kazacos, K.R.;Telford, S.R.;Mclaughlin, G.L. 1996 Characterization of the clinical and anatomical pathological changes associated with Hepatozoon mocassini infections in unnatural reptilian hosts International Journal for Parasitology 26 2 141-146 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, infection, protozoa, apicomplexa, hemogregarine, Hepatozoon mocassini Characterization of the clinical and anatomical pathological changes associated with Hepatozoon morassini infections in unnatural reptilian hosts. International Journal for Parasitology 26: 141-146. Laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were employed in the successful transmission of Hepatozoon mocassini from a cottonmouth moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) to 3 lizard species (Sceloporus undulatus, Eumeces obsoletus and Sceloporus poinsetti). Marked to severe lethargy and anorexia developed in the S. undulatus, E. obsoletus and S. poinsetti at 15, 38, and 96 days postinfection (Pr), respectively. All 3 lizards developed a leukocytosis and had increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST) by 14 days PI. Multifocal random hepatocellular necrosis and intrahepatic aggregates of heterophils centered on mature H. mocassini meronts were demonstrated in all 3 Lizards. The pulmonary interstitium was multifocally thickened by aggregates of heterophils centered on meronts. No comparable clinical or anatomical pathological changes were demonstrated in naturally infected snakes. The results of this study suggest that H. mocassini is capable of inducing necrotizing inflammatory lesions in unnatural reptilian hosts. EJ Wozniak, Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Anim Resources Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA Journal Article Wozniak, Edward J.;Teleford, Sam R.;DeNardo, Dale;McLaughlin, Gerald L. 1996 The biology of reptilian hepatozoon species and their potential influences on the health status of captive reptiles Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 3 8-12 Journal Article Wöhrle, Jürgen 1996 Nachzucht des Nackenstachlers Acanthosaura crucigera Elaphe 4 4 21-22 Acanthosaura crucigera Journal Article Wray, G. A. 1996 Parallel evolution of nonfeeding larvae in echinoids Systematic Biology 45 308-322 Journal Article Wright, Simon 1996 Keeping lizards as a beginner Reptilian 4 2 36-38 Journal Article Wright, Johnathan 1996 Variations within populations of the bullsnake Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 16-22 Pituophis melanoleucus; variation Journal Article Wright, Jonathan 1996 My first Okeetee adventure Reptiles 4 5 68-75 Journal Article Wright, Kevin 1996 Nutritional support of the amphibian patient Vivarium 7 4 44 Journal Article Wright, Kevin 1996 Florida's aliens Reptiles 4 6 24-29 Journal Article WRIGHT, K. M. 1996 CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS OF AMPHIBIANS Bull. Ass. Rept. and Amphib. Veterinarians 6 4 8 Amphibia, anura, infection, chlamydia Journal Article Wright, P. M.;Wright., P. A. 1996 Nitrogen metabolism and excretion in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles and adults exposed to elevated environmental ammonia levels Physiological Zoology 69 1057-1078 Journal Article Wright, Kevin M. 1996 Book review: Geckoes: Biology, Husbandry, and Reproduction Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 2 14 Journal Article Wright, Kevin M. 1996 Book review: Self-assessment Color Review of Reptiles and Amphibians Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian Amphibian Veterinarians 6 2 15 Book Wright, Albert Hazen;Wright, Anna A. ca. 1958 Herpetological terminology Department of Zoology Tulane University 42 Journal Article Wu, X.C.;Brinkman, D.B.;Russell, A.P. 1996 A new alligator from the upper cretaceous of canada and the relationships of early eusuchians Palaeontology 39 2 351-375 fossil, A new alligatorine eusuchian, Stangerochampsa mccabei gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of a partial skeleton from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation (Early Maastrichtian) of southern Alberta. It is unique in possessing an ectopterygoid/palatine contact, a ventrolateral process of the quadrate, a groove like recess for nerves and blood vessels in the upper jaw, a rectangular palatine with a lateral process at its midpoint, and a basioccipital with a ventral exposure longer than that of the pterygoid. Several derived characters indicate a close relationship of S. mccabei with two Late Cretaceous alligatorines, Brachychampsa montana and Albertochampsa langstoni. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis, based on 46 characters of selected taxa, leads to the hypothesis that Leidyosuchus, rather than Hylaeochampsa, is the most primitive eusuchian, supports the monophyly of the Alligatorinae (with the exclusion of Prodiplocynodon), and suggests that the Alligatorinae may consist of at least two distinct assemblages. Journal Article Wurmbach, Hermann n.d. ca. 1936 Histologische Untersuchungen über die Wirkung der mechanischen Verhältnisse bei der Knochenbruchheilung von Eidechsen Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für allg. Zool. u. Physiol. 59 149-244 Journal Article Wüster, Wolfgang;Thorpe, Roger S.;Puorto, Giuseppe;BBBSP 1996 Systematics of the Bothrops atrox complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in Brazil: a multivariate analysis Herpetologica 52 2 263-271 Reptilia; Viperidae; Snakes; Bothrops atrox complex; systematics; hybrid zones; geographic variation; multivariate analysis; South America Journal Article Wüster, Wolfgang 1996 The status of the cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti, 1768 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae) on the Island of Sulawesi The Snake 27 2 85-90 Book Section Wüster, Wolfgang;McCarthy, C. J. 1996 Venomous snake systematics: Implications for snake bite treatment and toxinology Bon, C. and Goyffon, M. Envenomings and their Treatment Foundation Marcel Mérieux 13-23 Naja naja; Systematics; toxinology; Naja sumatrana; Naja siamensis Journal Article Wüster, Wolfgang 1996 Taxonomic changes and toxinology: systematic revisions of the Asiatic cobras (Naja naja species complex) Toxicon 34 4 399-406 Naja naja; Systematics; toxinology; Naja sumatrana; Naja siamensis Journal Article Yamanouchi, Akira 1996 Iguana report from Japan Iguana Times 5 4 87-88 Iguana iguana Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D.;Roberts, Kristie Jo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo woodhousii woodhousii Herpetological Review 27 3 148 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D.;Roberts, Kristie Jo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Eumeces obsoletus Herpetological Review 27 3 152 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D.;Roberts, Kristie Jo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Masticophis flagellum testaceus Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Gyalopion canum Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D.;Roberts, Kristie Jo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Bufo punctatus Herpetological Review 27 4 208 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D.;Roberts, Kristie Jo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Uta stansburiana stejnegeri Herpetological Review 27 3 153 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Crotalus atrox Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Diadophis punctatus arnyi Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D. 1996 Geographic Distribution. Crotalus viridis viridis Herpetological Review 27 3 154 Journal Article Yancey, Franklin D.;Roberts, Kristie Jo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Arizona elegans elegans Herpetological Review 27 4 212 Journal Article Yancy, Franklin D.;Roberts, Kristie Jo 1996 Geographic Distribution. Phrynosoma cornutum Herpetological Review 27 4 211 Journal Article Yang, X. L.;Wu, S. M. 1996 Response sensitivity and voltage gain of the rod- and cone-horizontal cell synapses in dark- and light-adapted tiger salamander retina J Neurophysiol 76 6 3863-74 *Adaptation, Physiological; Ambystoma; Animal; *Darkness; Evoked Potentials, Visual/*physiology; Larva/physiology; *Light; Membrane Potentials/physiology; Photoreceptors/*physiology; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 1. Rods, cones, and horizontal cells (HCs) were recorded in superfused, flat-mounted isolated retinas of the larval tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, under dark- and light-adapted conditions. 2. Under dark- adapted conditions, HC responses to dim 500-nm light stimuli were mediated only by rods. In the linear voltage range (near the dark potentials), the average response to a light step of 0.5 s (500 nm, 0.438 photons per micron2 per s) was 0.41 +/- 0.06 (SD) mV for rods and 1.86 +/- 0.52 mV for HCs. The step sensitivity of rods was approximately 0.94 mV per photon micron2 s, or 0.032 mV per activated rhodopsin molecule (Rh*) rod second, and the step sensitivity of HCs was approximately 4.25 +/- 1.19 mV per photon micron2 s or 0.14 +/- 0.04 mV per Rh* rod second. The chord voltage gain of the rod-HC synapse had an average value of 4.54 and a range from 2.68 to 7.32. 3. By the use of the spectral subtraction method, we found that the average cone-mediated HC response to a 750-nm light step that elicited an average cone response of 0.73 +/- 0.20 mV was 1.15 +/- 0.31 mV. The step sensitivity of cones under dark-adapted conditions was 0.0012 mV per photon micron2 s, and that of the cone-mediated-HC response was 0.0019 mV per photon micron2 s. The chord voltage gains of the cone-HC synapses under dark-adapted conditions had an average value of 1.58 and a range from 0.82 to 2.05. 4. Under light-adapted conditions (with a 500-nm/-2.40 background light, which desensitized rod responses but did not substantially reduce the cone responses), the cones had an average response to a light step of 0.5 s (500 nm/-3.3) of 0.78 +/- 0.09 mV, and this response did not vary with time. The HC response to the same light step had an average value of 3.95 +/- 3.41 mV 3 min after the background light onset, and it increased with time until reaching a steady-state value of 5.95 +/- 3.63 mV approximately 15 min after the background light onset. The average chord voltage gain of the cone-HC synapse under such light-adapted conditions was 5.06 at 3 min after background light onset and 7.63 at 15 min after background light onset. These values are approximately 3-5 times higher than the chord voltage gain of the cone-HC synapse under dark-adapted conditions. 5. The background-induced increase of the chord voltage gain of the cone-HC synapse suggests that similarly to the rod-HC synapse, the voltage gain of the cone-HC synapse in the tiger salamander retina can also be modulated by light. Additionally, our results suggest that certain time- dependent process(es) in the synaptic cleft or postsynaptic membrane may be responsible for such modulation. 6. In addition to determining the average values of response sensitivity and chord voltage gains of the rod- and cone-HC synapses, we studied the variation of these parameters among different HCs. HCs with higher rod-HC synaptic gain had lower cone-HC synaptic gain, and HCs with lower rod-HC synaptic gain exhibited higher cone-HC synaptic gain under both dark- and light- adapted conditions. This suggests that the rod-HC and cone-HC synaptic gains in HCs are complementary to each other, and voltage responses of all HCs under dark- or light-adapted conditions are of comparable amplitudes. Journal Article Yanosky, A. Alberto;Dixon, J. R.;Mercolli, C. 1996 Ecology of the snake community at El Bagual Ecological Reserve, Northeastern Argentina Herpetological Natural History 4 2 97-110 Snake community; Ecology; Habitat; Reproduction; Diet; Habits; Argentina Journal Article Yanosky, A. Alberto;Dixon, J. R.;Mercolli, C. 1996 Ecology of the snake community at El Bagual Ecological Reserve, northeastern Argentina Herpetological Natural History 4 2 97-110 Journal Article Yin, Fon-Yi;Gou, Yaw-Wen;Teng, Su-Ping;Mao, Shou-Hsian 1996 Fine structure of the tongue and anterior process of the sublingual plica in two species of colubrid water snakes, Xenochrophis piscator and Enhydris chinensis Herpetologica 52 2 205-216 Fine structure; tongue; anterior process of the sublingual plica; Colubridae; Xenochrophis piscator; Enhydris chinensis Journal Article Yingling, Peter 1996 Book Review: Lizards of the World, a Checklist. 1. Geckos Dactylus 3 1 2-3 Book Review Journal Article Yom-Tov, Yoram;Werner, Yehudah L. 1996 Environmental correlates of geographical distribution of terrestrial vertebrates in Israel Israel Journal of Zoology 42 307-315 Birds, mammals, reptiles, Israel, mean annual precipitation, isohyets per square, plant communities Journal Article Yonenaga-Yassuda, Y.;Mori, L.;Chu, T. H.;Rodrigues, M. T. 1996 Chromosomal banding patterns in the eyelid-less microteiid radiation: Procellosaurinus and Vanzosaura (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 74 203-210 Journal Article Young, Bruce A.;Kardong, Kenneth V. 1996 Dentitional surface features in snakes (Reptilia: Serpentes) Amphibia-Reptilia 17 3 261-276 Dentition; Serpentes Journal Article Yule, Jeffrey V. 1996 Reptile-associated Salmonella: two recent cases in context Reptile & Amphibian Magazine 1996 Sept./Oct. 84-96 Salmonella Journal Article Zaher, Hussam;Caramaschi, Ulisses 1996 Geographic Distribution. Hydrops triangularis Herpetological Review 27 4 212-213 Journal Article Zancanaro, C.;Merigo, F.;Digito, M.;Pelosi, G. 1996 Fat body of the frog Rana esculenta: An ultrastructural study Journal of Morphology 227 3 321-334 Amphibia, anura, frog, Rana esculenta, anatomy, fat , fatbody In the frog, the fat body is the largest body lipid deposit and is associated with the gonad. The aim of the present work was to investigate the fine structure of the fat body at different periods of the annual cycle and during prolonged starvation. Results indicate that fat body cells of Rana esculenta caught in autumn and after winter hibernation resemble mammalian adipocytes of white adipose tissue and contain markers of adipose tissue, such as S-100 protein and lipoproteinlipase. However, unlike mammalian adipocytes, fat body adipocytes consistently show small lipid droplets associated with their single, large lipid deposits, a lack of a definite external lamina, and the presence of cellular prolongations and spicula at their surfaces. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy in association with lanthanum tracer experiments suggest that in fat body adipocytes a vesicular-tubular system connects the cytoplasm and the interstitial space. In June (i.e., during the reproductive period), fat body adipocytes appear to have lost much of their lipid deposit and adjacent adipocytes show interdigitation of their plasma membranes and prominent Golgi complexes. In starved frogs, fat body cells can be almost devoid of lipid and in regression to a near-mesenchymal state. Nevertheless, these fat bodies still contain lipoproteinlipase activity (similar to 45% of that found in lipid-filled ones), indicating persistent adipose differentiation of the cells therein. Results presented here show that the R. esculenta fat body is an adipose organ undergoing reversible extreme changes in adipocyte fat content, which are associated with definite ultrastructural features. The fat body represents a suitable model for studying adipose tissue under different and extreme physiological conditions. C Zancanaro, Univ Verona, Inst Anat & Histol, Str Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy Journal Article Zani, P.A. 1996 Patterns of caudal-autotomy evolution in lizards Journal of Zoology 240 Part 2 201-220 Reptilia, sauria, anolis, pathology, physiology, tail, autotomy Using comparative techniques to account for phylogenetic effects, I examined patterns of evolution of caudal autotomy and foraging in 39 lizard species to test the hypothesis that caudal autotomy has co-evolved with morphology, locomotor performance, and foraging behaviour. There were significant positive associations between evolution of the point on the tail (distance from cloaca) at which tail loss occurs (an indirect measure of caudal autotomy) and evolution of each of the following: tail length, caudifemoralis longus (CFL) muscle length, and jump distance. The correlation with the evolution of sprint speed approached significance. These relationships primarily were due to the influence of tail-length evolution on autotomy-point evolution. With the effect of tail-length evolution removed, autotomy-point evolution was negatively correlated with the evolution of tail-loss frequency. The CFL restricts tail loss to portions of the tail posterior to the most distal point of its insertion in the tail. In addition, with the effect of tail-length evolution removed, CFL length coevolved with sprint speed. These results indicate that tail morphology has co-evolved with caudal autotomy such that the evolution of the CFL has reduced caudal autotomy in certain groups of lizards. Ambush foraging, the ability to lose the tail, intermediate CFL length, and low locomotor performance (i.e. slow sprint speed and short jump distance) are hypothesized to be the ancestral conditions in lizards using outgroup rooting. The diversification of lizard taxa has resulted in some lineages moving away from ancestral character states (i.e. family Teiidae, superfamily Varanoidea), while others are very similar or identical to their ancestors (i.e. superfamily Iguania). PA Zani, Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA Journal Article Zari, Talal A. 1996 Seasonal acclimation in resting metabolism of the Turkish gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Japanese Journal of Herpetology 16 4 129-133 Gecko; Hemidactylus turcicus; Seasonal acclimatization; Resting metabolic rate; Temperature Journal Article Zavadil, Vit;Piálek, Jaroslav 1996 Verbreitung und Situation von Gelb- und Rotbauchunke (Bombina v. variegata und B. bombina) in der Tschechischen Republik und der Slowakei Naturschutzreport 11 1 215-224 Journal Article Zaworski, James P. 1996 Book Review: Geckoes Notes from NOAH 23 6 4-6 Book Review Journal Article Zhang, Y.;Epstein, L. M. 1996 Cloning and characterization of extended hammerheads from a diverse set of caudate amphibians Gene 172 2 183-90 Amphibia/*genetics; Animal; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Satellite/chemistry/*metabolism; Molecular Sequence Data; Notophthalmus viridescens; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Phylogeny; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Species Specificity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Satellite 2 (sat2) elements from six species representing four caudate amphibian families were cloned and analyzed. Despite differences in the abundance of this element, the tandemly repeated genomic organization found for sat2 in earlier investigations was conserved in the newly investigated species. The ability of sat2 transcripts to catalyze their own site-specific self-cleavage using an extended hammerhead (HH) motif had also been conserved. This motif is similar to the HH found in a number of infectious plant RNAs, but has an abbreviated stem III region and an internally looped stem I extension that distinguish it from the prototypical HH. The extended HH analyzed in this survey can be further organized into two groups on the basis of shared sequences and structural details in the peripheral stem-loop structures. HH derived from the family Salamandridae constitute one group, whereas HH from all other salamanders that have been investigated belong to the other group. Although many of the natural variants did not cleave efficiently in vitro, examples of relatively active variants for each design were found. This survey has therefore identified two designs that are suitable starting models for the structural and functional analysis of the extended HH. Book Zhang, Yuxia;Ban, Ruixi;Wu, Changmou;Chen, Zhijian 1996 [Studies on Ultrastructure and Karyotypes of Crocodilian Lizard] Guangxi Teachers University Press 80, 4 plates Shinisaurus crocodilurus Journal Article Zhao, K.T. 1996 Studies on the classification of Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae) Sichuan Journal of Zoology 15 55-64 Journal Article Zhou, K.-y.;Liu, Y.-z.;Yang, G-p. 1996 Three new subspecies of Hemidactylus yunnanensis (Boulenger) from China (Lacertiformes: Gekkonidae) Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 110 1-9 Journal Article Zhou, Kai-Ya;Liu, Yue-Zhen;Yang, Guang-Ping 1996 (1981) Three new subspecies of Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis (Boulenger) from China (Lacertiformes: Gekkonidae). Translated by Hidetoshi Ota Smithsonian Information Service 110 1-8 + 1 plate Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis; New subspecies; China Journal Article Ziegler, Thomas;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Neue Erkenntnisse zur Geschlechtsunterscheidung bei squamaten Reptilien [New results on sex recognition in squamate reptiles] Kleintierpraxis 41 8 585-590 Hemiclitoris; morphology; Varanus griesus; Varanus varius; Varanud gouldi; Varanus olivaceus; sex recognition Journal Article Ziegler, Thomas;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Zur Hemiclitoris der squamaten Reptilien: Auswirkingen auf einige Methoden der Geschlechtsunterscheidung Herpetofauna 18 101 11-19 Hemiclitoris; morphology; Varanus prasinus; Varanud salvator; sex recognition Journal Article Ziegler, Thomas;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Über das Beutespektrum von Varanus dumerilii (Schlegel, 1839) [On the stomach contents in Varanus dumerilii (Schlegel, 1839)] Salamandra 32 3 203-210 Sauria; Varanidae; Varanus dumerilii; diet; Malaysia; Sarawak Journal Article Ziegler, T.;Böhme, W. 1996 New results on sex recognition in squamate reptiles Neue Erkenntnisse zur Geschlechtsunterscheidung bei squamaten Reptilien Kleintierpraxis 41 8 585 Reptilia, sauria, varanus, anatomy, genitals, sex, recognition Journal Article Ziegler, T.;Bohme, W. 1996 New results on sex recognition in squamate reptiles Neue Erkenntnisse zur Geschlechtsunterscheidung bei squamaten Reptilien Kleintierpraxis 41 8 585 Reptilia, sauria, varanus, anatomy, genitals, sex, recognition Journal Article Ziegler, Thomas;Vences, Miguel;Glaw, Frank;Böhme, Wolfgang 1996 Remarks on the genital morphology of the Malagasy snake genus Liophidium (reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) Acta Biol. Benrodis 8 157-159 Journal Article Ziegler, Th.;Böhme, W. 1996 Concerning the hemiclitoris in squamate reptiles: Effects on some methods of sex determination. Zur Hemiclitoris der sqamaten Reptilien: Auswirkungen auf einige Methoden der Geschlechtsunterscheidung Herpetofauna 18 11-19 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, anatomy, sex, determination Journal Article Zimmerman, Steve 1996 Hunting for tigers, but no jungle in sight Pacific Northwest Herpetological Society Newsletter 11 1 4-7 Crotalus tigris Journal Article Zimmerman, B. L.;Simberloff, D. 1996 An historical interpretation of habitat use by frogs in a central Amazonian forest Journal of Biogeography 23 27-46 Amazon, frog, habitat, biodiversity, Ducke Journal Article Zimmermann, Petra;Fachbach, Günter 1996 Verbreitung und biologie der Würfelnatter, Natrix tessellata tessellata (Laurenti, 1768), in der Steiermark (Österreich) (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) [Distribution and biology of the dice snake, Natrix tessellata tessellata (Laurenti, 1768), in Styria (Austria) (Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae) Herpetozoa 8 3/4 99-124 Natrix tessellata; Styria; Austria; Distribution; morphology; biology; ecology; prey composition; sexual dimorphism; reproductive cycle; activity Journal Article Zippel, Kevin C. 1996 Anuran enigma: the 'hairy frog" of Western Africa League of Florida Herpetological Societies 1996 January 21-27 Journal Article Zippel, Kevin C.;Powell, Robert;Parmerlee, John S., Jr;Monks, Scott;Lathrop, Amy;Smith, Donald D. 1996 The distribution of larval Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Acari: Trombiculidae) infesting Anolis lizards (Lacertilia: Polychrotidae) from different habitats on Hispaniola Caribbean Journal of Science 32 1 43-49 Journal Article Zoffer, David J. 1996 Captive care of the California lyre snake Trimorphodon biscutatus vandenburghi Reptile Hobbyist 1 3 54-61 Trimorphodon biscutatus Journal Article Zoffer, David J. 1996 The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis): just add water Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 28-32 Xenopus laevis Journal Article Zoffer, David J. 1996 Basilisk sales: presenting them to move Reptile Hobbyist 1 5 68-71 Basiliscus Journal Article Zoffer, David 1996 Herps on the Internet Reptile Hobbyist 1 6 28-33 Internet Journal Article Zug, George R. 1996 Age and growth in leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, (Testudines: Dermochelyidae): A skeletochronological analysis Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 244-249 Dermochelys coriacea; Reptilia; Testudines; Dermochelyidae; sea turtle; age; skeletochronology; growth curves; growth rates; sexual maturity; morphometrics; conservation; Peru Journal Article Zug, George R.;Parham, James F. 1996 Age and growth in leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae): a skeletochronological analysis Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 244-249 Journal Article Zug, G. R.;Parham, J. F. 1996 Age and growth on leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae): a sketchtochronological analysis Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2 2 244-249 reptilia, testudines, dermochelyidae, Dermochelys coriacea, sea turtle, age, skeletochronology, growth curves,growth rates, sexual maturity, morphometrics, conservation, Peru Journal Article Zwart, P. 1996 Food for chameleons and phelsuma's Voedsel voor kameleons en phelsuma's. Terra 32 1 13-16. Reptilia, sauria, chamaeleon, phelsuma, food, feeding Endnote 96/191 Journal Article Zwart, P. 1996 Voedsel voor kameleons en Phelsuma's [Nutrition for chameleons and Phelsuma's] Terra 32 1 13-16 Journal Article Zwart, P. 1996 Some pathologies of the reproductive organs in female reptiles: Aseptic oophoritis, abnormalities in shells of eggs and salpingitis. Abstract 14th congress of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology, Ghent, Belgium 24-28 Sept. 165 Reptilia, serpentes, sauria, testudines, pathology, ovary, oviduct, egg Journal Article Zwart, P. 1996 Some Data Concerning the Pathology of Subchronic Egg-Binding and Salpingitis in Reptiles. Proceedings Eur. Ass. Zoo- Wildl. Vets 1 281-287 Reptilia, testudines, serpentes, sauria, pathology, oviduct, salpingitis, egg-binding A survey of available materials of oviducts revealed some pathologies, such as endometritis (eventually combined with megalymphatics), absceding metritis, and egg-peritonitis caused by the presence of vitellin in the abdominal cavity. The interaction of egg and oviduct was demonstrated in some cases. An endometrial cyst was combined with a local defect in the egg-shell. Chronic egg-binding was seen in combination with chronic endometritis. Degeneration of the vitellin membrane led to necrosis of the oviductal epithelium. Longstanding presence of masses of vitellin was found in combination with a transition of the epithelium into a phagocytising abscess membrane. Journal Article Zwernemann, Stefan 1996 Die Heiligen Krokodile von Paga Reptilia 1 1 23-25 Crocodylus