Bibliomania!

Frank, Norman and Erica Ramus. 1995. A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. N G Publishing, Pottsville, PA, 377. $25.00

Gallagher, M. D. 1971. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Bahrain. 40 p. $15.00

Hubbs, Brian and Brendan O'Connor. 2009. A Guide to the Rattlesnakes of the United States. Tricolor Books, Tempe, 96 p. Paperback. $20.00

Isakov, Yu. A. (eds.) 1963. Organization and Methods of Censusing Terrestrial Vertebrate Faunal Resources. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Moscow, 104 p. Translated from Russian to English. Papers given during symposium on 4-8 March, 1961. $18.00

Khan, Muhammad Sharif. 2002. A Guide to the Snakes of Pakistan. Edition Chimaira, Franfurt, 266 p. HB. $49.95

MacArthur, Robert, Harry Eicher and Martin Cody. 1966. On the relation between habitat selection and species diversity. The American Naturalist. 100 (913): 319-332. $2.00

Macartney, J. Malcolm and Patrick T. Gregory. 1981. Differential susceptibility of sympatric garter snake species to amphibian skin secretion. The American Midland Naturalist. 106 (2): 271-281. $2.00

Macartney, J. Malcolm, Patrick T. Gregory and Karl W. Larsen. 1988. A Tabular Survey of Data on Movements and Home Ranges of Snakes. Journal of Herpetology. 22 (1): 61-73. $2.00

MacBride, Robert G., Jr. and Sheldon I. Guttman. 1973. An electrophoretic study of four dehydrogenases during the respiratory development of Rana pipiens. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 45B: 101-107. $2.00

MacCoy, Clinton V. 1932. Herpetological notes from Tucson, Arizona. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History. 8: 11-24. $8.00

MacCulloch, Ross D. 1981. Variation in the shell of Chrysemys picta belli from Southern Saskatchewan. Journal of Herpetology. 15 (2): 181-185. $1.00

MacCulloch, R. D. and D. M. Secoy. 1983. Demography, growth and food of western painted turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii (Gray), from southern Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 61 (7): 1499-1509. $2.00

MacCulloch, Ross D. and D. M. Secoy. 1983. Movement in a river population of Chrysemys picta bellii in Southern Saskatchewan. Journal of Herpetology. 17 (3): 283-285. $1.00

MacCulloch, Ross D. and Wayne F. Weller. 1988. Some aspects of reproduction in a Lake Erie population of Blanding's turtle, Emydoidea blandingii. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 66 (10): 2317-2319. $1.25

MacCulloch, Ross D., Robert W. Murphy, Larissa A. Kupriyanova, I. S. Darevsky and F. D. Danielyan. 1995. Clonal variation in the parthenogenetic rock lizard Lacerta armeniaca. Genome. 38: 1057-1060. $2.00

MacCulloch, Ross D. 2002. The Rom Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Ontario. Rom Science Publications, Toronto, 168 p. PB. $19.95

Macey, J. Robert, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Yuezhao Wang and Theodore J. Papenfuss. 1997. A taxonomic reevaluation of the gekkonid lizard genus Teratoscincus in China. Russian Journal of Herpetology. 4 (1): 8-16. $4.00

Macey, J. Robert, James A. Schulte, II, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Allan Larson, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Sakhat M. Shammakov and Theodore J. Papenfuss. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships among agamid lizards of the Laudakia caucasia species group: Testing hypotheses of biogeographic fragmentation and an area cladogram for the Iranian Plateau. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 10 (1): 118-131. $4.00

Macey, J. Robert, James A. Schulte, II, Allan Larson and Theodore J. Papenfuss. 1998. Tandem duplication via light-strand synthesis may provide a precursor for mitochondrial genomic rearrangement. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 15 (1): 71-75. $3.00

Macey, J. Robert, James A. Schulte, II, Allan Larson, Boris S. Tuniyev and Nikolai Orlov. 1999. Molecular phylogenetics, tRNA evolution, and historical biogeography in anguid lizards and related taxonomic families. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 12 (3): 250-272. $4.50

Macey, J. Robert, Yuezhao Wang, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Allan Larson and Theodore J. Papenfuss. 1999. Vicariant patterns of fragmentation among gekkonid lizards of the genusTeratoscincus produced by the Indian Collision: A molecular phylogenetic perspective and an area cladogram for Central Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 12 (3): 320-332. $4.00

Macey, J. Robert, James A. Schulte, II, Haji G. Kami, Natalia B. Ananjeva, Allan Larson and Theodore J. Papenfuss. 2000. Testing hypotheses of vacariance in the anguid lizard Laudakia caucasia from mountain ranges on the Northern Irania Plateau. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 14 (3): 479-483. $43.00

MacFarland, Craig G. and W. G. Reeder. 1974. Cleaning symbiosis involving Galapagos tortoises and two species of Darwin's finches. Zeitschrift Tierpschologie. 34: 464-483. $4.00

MacGregor, H. C. and Thomas M. Uzzell, Jr. 1964. Gynogenesis in salamanders related to Ambystoma jeffersonianum. Science. 143 (3610): 1043-1045. $1.00

MacGregor, H. C. 1967. Pattern of incorporation of [3H]Uridine into RNA of amphibian oocyte nucleoli. Journal of Cell Science. 2: 145-150. $1.50

Machado, Ottilio. 1944. Nota sobre as serpentes venenosas do Estado do Rio. Boletim do Instituto Vital Brazil. 27: 58-50. Also contains, by the same author, Observacoes sobre ofidios do Brasil, :61-64. $6.00

Machado, Ottilio. 1945. Estudo comparativo das Crotalideas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Vital Brazil. 5 (2): 47-66. Entire issue of journal. Contains 3 other papers by the same author. $20.00

Machado, Ottilio. 1945. Estudo comparativo das Elapideas do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Vital Brazil. 5 (2): 37-46. Entire issue of journal. Contains 3 other papers by the same author. $20.00

Machado, Ottilio. 1945. Estudos comparativos sobre ofidios do Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Vital Brazil. 5 (1): 17-36. Entire issue of journal. Also contains, Vital Brazil, Oswaldo, Sobre a natureza da papalisia por veneno de Crotalus terrificus (Laur, 1768). Intoxicacao crotalica e prostigmina. $15.00

Machado, Ottilio. 1945. Variacões do desenho de Bothrops jararaca. Boletim do Instituto Vital Brazil. 5 (2): 75-76. Entire issue of journal. Contains 3 other papers by the same author. $20.00

Machado, Ottilio. 1945. Variedade rara da Erythrolamprus aesculapii, encontrada no Estado do Rio. Boletim do Instituto Vital Brazil. 5 (2): 77-79. Entire issue of journal. Contains 3 other papers by the same author. $20.00

Machado Alves, Maria Lúcia, Marisa Ibarra Vieira and Marta Elena Fabián-Beurmann. 1980. Contribicão as conhecimento da osteologia craniana de Ophiodes striatus (Spix, 1824). (Lacertilia-Anguidae). Iheringia. (55): 121-135. $4.00

Mack, G. and W. Hanke. 1977. Studies on anuran osmomineral regulation. I. Comparison of the reaction on desiccation in different anural species. Zool. Jb. Physiol. Bd. 81: 112-129. $3.00

Mack, G. and W. Hanke. 1977. Studies on anuran osmomineral regulation. II. Comparison of the effects of octopeptides in different anuran species. Zool. Jb. Physiol. Bd. 81: 177-190. $3.00

Mackessy, Stephen P. 1991. Morphology and ultrastructure of the venom glands of the northern pacific rattlesnake Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Morphology. 208: 109-128. $3.00

MacLean, III, William P. 1968. Book Review: The hyoid and its associated muscles in snakes. Copeia. 1968 (3): 654-655. This article is part of the complete issue of this journal. $1.00

MacLean, III, William P. 1968. A case of intersexuality in Bothrops moojeni Hoge. Copeia. 1968 (1): 170. $1.00

MacLean, William P. 1979. Distributional patterns in St. Croix Sphaerodactylus lizards: the taxon cycle in action. Biotropica. 11 (3): 189-195. $2.00

MacLeish, Kenneth. 1972. Diving with sea snakes. National Geographic. 1972: 565-578. $1.50

MacMahon, James A. 1961. A technique for the preparation of turtle shells. Herpetologica. 17 (2): 138-139. $1.00

Madison, D. M. 1969. Homing behaviour of the red-cheeked salamander, Plethodon jordani. Animal Behaviour. 17: 25-39. $3.00

Madison, D. M. and C. Robert Shoop. 1970. Homing behavior, orientation, and home range of salamanders tagged with Tanalum-182. Science. 168: 1484-1487. $1.00

Madsen, Thomas and Bo Stille. 1988. The effect of size dependent mortality on colour morphs in male adders, Vipera berus. Oikos. 52: 73-78. $2.00

Madsen, Thomas and R. Shine. 1994. Components of lifetime reproductive success in adders, Viperas berus. Journal of Animal Ecology. 63: 561-568. $2.00

Madsen, Thomas and Richard Shine. 1999. The adjustment of reproductive threshold to prey abundance in a capital breeder. Journal of Animal Ecology. 68: 571-580. $2.00

Maglio, Vincent J. 1970. West Indian Xenodontine colubrid snakes: Their probable origin, phylogeny, and zoogeography. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 141 (1): 1-54. $9.00

Magnusson, William E. 1993. Body Temperatures of field-active Amazonian savanna lizards. Journal of Herpetology. 27 (1): 52-58. Ameiva cnemidophorus lemniscatus kentropyx striatus anolis auratus. $1.00

Magon, D. K. 1977. Lipid metabolism in regenerating tail of the scinid lizard Mabuya striata. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 15: 363-365. $3.00

Magon, D. K. 1978. Hexose monophosphate oxidative cycle in the regenerating tail of scincid lizard Mabuya striata Loveridge. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 16 (2): 251-253. $3.00

Maguire, Bassett, Jr. 1967. A partial analysis of the niche. The American Naturalist. 101 (922): 515-526. $2.00

Maguire, Bassett, Jr. 1973. Niche repsonse structure and the analytical potentials of its relationship to the habitat. The American Naturalist. 107 (954): 213-246. $4.00

Mahan, James T. and Charles J. Biggers. 1977. Electrophoretic investigation of blood and parotid venom proteins in Bufo americanus americanus and Bufo woodhousei fowleri. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 57C: 121-126. $2.00

Mahoney, J. J. and Victor H. Hutchison. 1969. Photoperiod acclimation and 24-hour variations in the critical thermal maxima of a tropical and a temperate frog. Oecologia. 2: 143-161. $3.00

Maiorana, Virginia C. 1976. Size and environmental predictability for salamanders. Evolution. 30 (3): 599-613. $2.25

Maiorana, Virginia C. 1978. Difference in diet as an epiphenomenon: space regulates salamanders. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 56 (5): 1017-1025. $2.00

Mairs, Donald F. 1965. Salamanders. Maine Game and Fish. 3 unnumbered pages. $3.00

Mairs, Donald F. 1968. Maine's frogs and toads - The swampland singers. Maine Game and Fish. 3 unnumbered pages. $3.00

Majorca, Angela. 1964. Primi dati sugli andromerogoni omo-ed eterospecifici de Bufo vulgaris e Bufo viridis. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. 36 (5): 679-682. $3.00

Malacarne, Giorgio and Cristina Giacoma. 1980. Influence of testosterone on mating behaviour in the male crested newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur.). Boll. Zool. 47: 107-111. $2.00

Malaret, Luis. 1977. The herpetofauna of Lacreek National Wildlife Refuge. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 80 (3-4): 145-150. $3.00

Maldonado-Koerdell, M. 1948. Discovery of another Cotype of Bathysiredon dumerilii (Dugès), 1870. Natural History Miscellanea. (23): 1-3. $2.00

Malhotra, Anita and Roger S. Thorpe. 1999. Reptiles & Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. Macmillan Education Ltd., London, x, 134 p. Covers the islands from Sonbrero south to Grenada. $16.00

Malinin, Theodore I. 1959. Fate of frog embryos implanted into forelimbs of adults. Science. 130: 166. $1.00

Malkmus, Rudolf. 1991. Naturkundliche Ausflüge um Mértola, Südportugal. Natur und Museum. 121 (2): 37-49. $3.00

Malkmus, Rudolf. 1991. Sphenomorphus aquaticus Malkmus 1991 (Sauria: Scincidae) from Mount Kinabalu / Northern Borneo. Sauria (E). 1 (1): 23-28. $3.00

Malkmus, Rudolf, Ulrich Manthey, Gernot Vogel, Peter Hoffmann and Joachim Kosuch. 2002. Amphibians & Reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, 424 p. HB, Dj. $95.00

Malkmus, Rudolf. 2004. Amphibians and Reptiles of Portugal, Madeira and the Azores-Archipelago. A.R.G. Ganter Verlag, Ruggell, vi, 448 p. HB, Dj. $99.50

Malmgren, Jan C. 2001. Evolutionary Ecology of Newts. Örebro Studies in Biology. 1: 1-68, + 5 additional papers. Doctoral Dissertation from Örebro University. $36.00

Malnate, Edmond V. 1960. The identity of the natricine snake Tropidontus baramensis Smith. Notulae Naturae. (339): 1-2. $3.00

Malnate, Edmond V. 1961. Amphiesmoides, a new genus for Tropidonotus ornaticeps Werner (Serpentes: Colubridae). Notulae Naturae. (341): 1-7. $3.00

Malnate, Edmond V. 1962. The relationships of five species of the Asiatic natricine snake genus Amphiesma. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 114 (8): 251-299. $7.00

Malnate, Edmond V. 1963. A new race of Amphiesma pryeri (Serpentes: Natricinae) from the southern Riukiu Island of Miyako-Shima. Notulae Naturae. (360): 1-6. Amphiesma pryeri concelarum n. ssp. $3.00

Malnate, Edmond V. and Sherman A. Minton. 1965. A redescription of the natricine snake Xenochrophis cerasogaster, with comments on its taxonomic status. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. 117 (2): 19-43. $5.00

Malnate, Edmund V. 1968. Natrix dunni, a new species of watersnake from Malaysia. Notulae Naturae. (410): 1-5. $3.00

Malnate, Edmond V. and J. D. Romer. 1969. A snake new to the fauna of Hong Kong and China: Amphiesma atemporalis (Bourret). Notulae Naturae. (424): 1-8. $3.00

Malnate, Edmund V. 1971. A catalog of primary types in the Herpetological Collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP). Proccedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 123 (9): 345-375. $6.00

Malvin, Gary M., Laura Hood and Marlene Sanchez. 1992. Regulation of blood flow through ventral pelvic skin by environmental water and NaCl in the toad Bufo woodhousei. Physiological Zoology. 65 (3): 540-553. $2.00

Manaster, Jane. 2002. Horned Lizards: The Book of Horny Toads. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, xii, 84 p. PB. $17.95

Mancini, Alessandro and Massimo Gentili. 1994. Tartarughe de Terra e di Acqua Dolce: Allevamento e Cura. Olimpia, Firenze, 131 pgs. PB. $23.00

Mancino, G. and Irma Nardi. 1971. Chromosomal heteromorphism and female heterogamety in the marbled newt Triturus marmoratus (Latreille, 1800). Experientia. 27 (7): 821-822. $1.25

Mancino, Giorgio, Matilde Ragghianti and Stefania Bucci-Innocenti. 1978. Experimental hybridization with the genus Triturus (Urodela: Salamandridae) I. Spermatogenesis of F1 species hybrids, Triturus cristatus carnifex (female) x T. vulgaris meridionalis (male). Chromosoma. 69: 27-46. $4.00

Mancino, Giorgio, Matilde Ragghianti and Stefania Bucci-Innocenti. 1979. Experimental hybridization with the genus Triturus (Urodela: Salamandridae) III. Evidence for crossing-over, true chiasmata and chromosomal homologies in the spermatogenesis of F1 species hybrids, T. cristatus carnifex (female) x T. marmoratus (male). Chromosoma. 73: 207-226. $4.00

Mancino, Giorgio, Matilde Ragghianti and Stefania Bucci-Innocenti. 1979. Experimental hybridization within the genus Triturus (Urodela: Salamandridae). II. The lampbrush chromosomes of F1 species hybrids between Triturus cristatus carnifex and T. vulgaris meridionalis. Caryologia. 32 (1): 61-79. $4.00

Mandal, F. B., N. C. Nandi and A. K. Mandal. 1993. Catalogue of the protozoans occurring in reptiles from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional papers. (148): iv, 1-36. $6.00

Mandelbaum, Fajga R and Magdalena Carrillo. 1966. Atividade hidrolitica de Bothrops protease A sobre a cade a B da insulina oxidada. Cienca e Cultura. 18: 183. Abstract only. $1.00

Manley, Geoffrey A. 1990. Peripheral Hearing Mechanisms in Reptiles and Birds. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, xii, 288 p. HB. $45.00

Manteifel, Yu. B. 1977. [Visual System and behavior of Amphibians]. USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 264. HB, In Russian. $30.00

Manteuffel, Gerhard. 1979. Übergang vom optomotorischen verhalten zur fixation beim Kammolch (Triturus cristatus) - Transition of optomotor behaviour to fixation in the crested newt. Zoologische Jahrbücher. 83: 526-539. $3.00

Manteuffel, Christiane. 1985. Verbindungen des Prätectum und des Basalen Optischen systems beim Feuersalamander (Salamandra salamandra): eine Meerrettichperoxidase-Studie. Ph.D. Dissertation, Technischen Hochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, vi, 108 p. $30.00

Manthey, Ulrich and Jarujin Nabhitabhata. 1991. An agamid lizard, Ptyctolaemus phuwuanensis Manthey & Nabhitabhata 1991 (Sauria: Agamidae), from northeast Thailand. Sauria (E). 1 (2): 3-6. $2.00

Manthey, Ulrich and Jarujin Nabhitabhata. 1991. Eine neue agame, Ptyctolaemus phuwuanensis sp. n. (Sauria: Agamidae), aus Nordst-Thailand. Sauria. 13 (4): 3-6. $3.00

Manthey, Ulrich and Wolfgang Denzer. 1991. The true anglehead agamas of the genus Gonocephalus Kaup (Sauria: Agamidae) III. Gonocephalus grandis (Gray, 1845). Sauria (E). 1 (1): 3-9. $2.00

Manthey, Ulrich and Wolfgang Denzer. 1992. Die Echten winkelkopfagamen der gattung Gonocephalus Kaup (Sauria: Agamidae) V. Die belli-grupe. Sauria. 14 (3): 7-20. $3.00

Manthey, Ulrich and Wolfgang Denzer. 1992. The true anglehead agamas of the genus Gonocephalus Kaup (Sauria: Agamidae) V. Gonocephalus mjoebergi Smith, 1925 andGonocephalus robinsonii Boulenger, 1908. Sauria (E). 1 (3): 15-19. $2.00

Roesel von Rosenhof, August Johann. (1753-)1758. Historia naturalis Ranarum nostratium / Die naturliche Historie der Froesche hiesigen Landes. Johann Joseph Fleischmann, Nuernberg, (10), viii, 116, 48 engraved plates (24 handcolored each with an uncolored key plate), 1 colored, engraved frontis. Folio, Leather spine and corners with marbled boards. Seven raised bands and gilt tooling on spine. A very clean copy of the most well known and most desirable book on amphibians.

"The present volume is one of the classics of amphibiology. The illustrations are of the finest and the whole work is admirably done. The title and text appear both in Latin and german and there is a preface by A. von Haller—altogether a very valuable, early contribution to the literature of the batrachia." — Wood, 1931.

August Johan Roesel was born into an Austrian noble family in Augustenburg, near Arnstadt, Germany on March 30, 1705. Following the early death of his father, his godmother, the reigning princess of Arnstadt-Schwarzburg, assumed responsibility for his education. She encouraged his artistic ability and in 1720 he was apprenticed to his uncle, Wilhem Roesel von Rosenhof, a well known painter. Four years later Rosel went to Nuremburg to continue his art training under the supervision of Johan Daniel Preisler.

In 1726 Rosel went to the Danish court in Copenhagen to paint portraits and minatures. His paintings were so well received that he was asked to settle in Denmark. Unwilling to stay in Denmark he returned to Germany in 1728. During his journey back to Nuremberg, a high fever forced him to to stay in Hamburg for four-weeks. While in Hamburg, an aquaintance brought him a copy of Maria Sybilla Merian's book, Metamorphosis insectorum surinamensium (1705). This book inspired Roesel to do a similar study of German species.

After returning to Nuremburg, Roesel began studying the local fauna in his spare time. After years of study, the first part of his Der monatlich-herausgegebenen Insecten-Belustigung was published (1740). The book was praised for its outstanding illustrations, but Roesel also defined insects systematically and divided them into natural groups. Today he is considered the Father of German Entology.

Insects were not the only animals Rosel was studying, and in 1753, the same year he added von Rosenhof to his name, the first part of his Historia Naturalis Ranarum Nostratium/Die natürliche Histoire der Frösche hiesigen Landes was published. This book was completed in 1758 and Abrecht von Haller contributed a preface to the work.

The text of this book is in parallel columns of Latin and German, thus the double title. At a time when most zoological texts contained mere descriptions of animals (e.g., Catesby 1731-43. The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands; Seba 1734-1765. Locupletissimi rerum Naturalium Thesauri; or Linnaeus 1759. Systema Naturae), Roesel von Rosenhof described the natural history of amphibians in great detail. He could probably be considered the Father of Herpetological Natural History.

Roesel von Rosenhof had begun a companion volume on lizards and salamanders, but in early 1759 a stroke paralyzed his left side. He died shortly after on March 27, 1759. (Adler, 1989; Gues, 1975)

Nissen ZBI 3464, BMNH p. 1720, Wood p. 541, Engelmann p. 422, Agassiz p. 211, Savage p. 655, Waterhouse p. 341. $25000.00

Roesel von Rosenhof, August Johann. (1753-)1758 (2009). Historia naturalis Ranarum nostratium / Die naturliche Historie der Froesche hiesigen Landes. Fines Mundi GmbH, Saarbrücken, frontis, (8), viii, 116 p., 48 plates. Folio, Colthbound. Also includes: Niekisch, Manfred, "August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof - Artist, Naturalist and Pioneer of Herpetology" frontis, ii, 62 p. An extensive biography and introduction to this reprint in both German and English, bound in paperback and folio to match the reprint. $300.00

Roesel von Rosenhof, August Johann. (1753-)1758 (2009). Historia naturalis Ranarum nostratium / Die naturliche Historie der Froesche hiesigen Landes. Fines Mundi GmbH, Saarbrücken, frontis, (8), viii, 116 p., 48 plates. Folio, Deluxe edition bound in leather and marbled boards. Also includes: Niekisch, Manfred, "August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof - Artist, Naturalist and Pioneer of Herpetology" frontis, ii, 62 p. An extensive biography and introduction to this reprint in both German and English, bound in paperback and folio to match the reprint. $500.00

Sprackland, Robert George. 1992. Giant Lizards. TFH, Neptune City, NJ, 288 p. $35.00

Steel, Rodney. 1996. Living Dragons: A Natural History of the World's Monitor Lizards. Blandford, London, 160 p. Paperback. Varanus. $20.00